Wikipedia iawiki https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagina_principal MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Multimedia Special Discussion Usator Discussion Usator Wikipedia Discussion Wikipedia File Discussion File MediaWiki Discussion MediaWiki Patrono Discussion Patrono Adjuta Discussion Adjuta Categoria Discussion Categoria Portal Discussion Portal Appendice Discussion Appendice TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Discussion Modulo Evento Discussion Evento 0 9150 697084 697051 2026-06-08T13:22:32Z ~2026-33781-30 60158 697084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Corea del Sud'''{{linfo}}, officialmente le '''Republica de Corea''' sed appellate per le abbreviation '''Corea''', es un [[pais]] situate in le sud del [[linea de demarcation militar del peninsula de Korea]] in [[Asia Oriental]]. Le bandiera del Republica de Korea es le [[Bandiera de Korea del Sud|Taegeukgi]] secundo le Lege sur le Bandiera National de Korea<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95|titulo=Lege sur le Bandiera National de Korea|lingua=ko|data_access=6 de julio 2018}}</ref>, le [[Hymno national|hymno national]] es customarimente le [[Hymno national de Korea del Sud|Aegukga]], e le [[flor national]] es customarimente le [[Hibiscus syriacus|Mugunghwa]]. Le [[lingua official]] es le [[Lingua corean|coreano]] e le [[Capital (citate)|capital]] es [[Seoul]]. Le population es de 51,09 milliones in april 2026<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://jumin.mois.go.kr/|titulo=Statisticas de population de registro de residentes, Ministerio del Interior e Securitate|data_access=2026-05-29}}</ref>, e plus del medietate (50,74%), o 26,03 milliones de personas, reside in le [[Area Capital de Seoul (Republica de Korea)|Area Capital]].<ref name=":0">{{Cita web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/|title=Global Metro Monitor|first=Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph|last=Parilla|date=January 22, 2015}}</ref> Le Republica de Korea constitueva le [[Assemblea Constituente de Korea|Assemblea Constituente]] per medio de electiones general le 10 de maio 1948, e [[Fundation del governamento del Republica de Korea|stabili le governamento del Republica de Korea]] le 15 de augusto 1948. Le Republica de Korea ha attingite un crescimento economic rapide post le secunde medietate del 20e seculo, ben que il habeva fluctuationes como le [[Crise de divisas de Korea del Sud|crise de divisas]] a finales del annos 1990. Actualmente, illo ha le 12e economia le plus grande del mundo secundo le [[Producto Interno Brute]] (PIB) de 2024, e le [[Revenite National Brute]] (RNB) per capita in 2024 es nominalmente 36.624 dollares.<ref>{{Cita nova|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250305020651002|titulo=Revenite per capita 36.624 dollares... 6-te inter le paises principal, plus alte que Japon|data=5 de martio 2025|nova=[[Yonhap News]]}}</ref> In le sondage del [[Indice de Disveloppamento Humano]] (IDH) publicate annualmente per le [[Programma del Nationes Unite pro le Disveloppamento]] (PNUD) in 2023, illo occupava le 20e loco mundial.<ref name="HDI" /> Le 2 de julio 2021, in le ultime reunion del ‘[[Conferentia del Nationes Unite super Commercio e Disveloppamento]]’ (UNCTAD) tenite in le sede de Geneva, [[Suissa]], le stato de Korea esseva cambiate al gruppo de paises disveloppate per ‘consenso’ e illo esseva recognoscite como un pais disveloppate.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.kihoilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=936181|titulo=Republica de Korea, recognoscimento international como pais disveloppate de facto es un motivo de superbia|data=6 de julio 2021|lingua=ko|data_access=3 de maio 2022}}</ref> Tamen, [[Problemas social|problemas social]] como un alte rata de suicidio, un [[cultura]] de longe horas de labor, un alte [[Mortalitate|ratio de mortalitate]] per accidentes industrial, e le [[Basse natalitate in Korea del Sud|basse natalitate]] coexiste con iste successos. In quanto al nivello de [[democratia]], illo es un del paises con le nivello le plus alte in [[Asia]], como lo demonstra su 23e position con 8,0 punctos in le sondage del [[Indice de Democratia]] publicate per [[The Economist]] in 2019. Le Republica de Korea es active como membro del [[G20]], le [[Organisation pro le Cooperation e le Disveloppamento Economic]] (OCDE), le [[Committee de Adjuta al Disveloppamento]] (CAD), e le [[Club de Paris]]. Desde 1948 usque hodie, in le [[Peninsula de Korea]] existe duo [[Stato dividite|statos dividite]], le Republica de Korea e le [[Republica Popular Democratic de Korea]], situate respectivemente in le sud e le nord. Le area del peninsula de Korea e su insulas adjacente es de circa 220.000 km², e le population total del Republica de Korea e le Republica Popular Democratic de Korea attinge circa 77,18 milliones de personas in 2019.<ref name="Pyongyang">{{Cita web|url=https://m.newspim.com/news/view/20181226000118|titulo=Casa Blau: "Le residentes de Korea del Nord audiva le voce del presidente sudcorean pro le prime vice durante le discurso in le Stadio 1 de Maio de Pyongyang"|data=26 de decembre 2018|lingua=ko|data_access=10 de maio 2022}}</ref> == Nomine del pais == === Etymologia === Le etymologia de ‘'''Han''' (韓)’ in le nomine del pais '''Republica de Korea''' (대한민국; 大韓民國) non esseva originalmente le nomine de un nation, sed derivava del titulo ‘Han (汗)’, que significa monarcha. Le titulo ‘[[Khagan|Han (汗)]]’, que significa monarcha, es phoneticamente identic a ‘Han (韓)’. A causa que le historicos registrava erroneemente le character chinese pro monarcha ‘Han (汗)’ como ‘Han (韓)’ simplemente proque illos sonava equal, illo deveniva finalmente le nomine del pais. A isto, se addeva ‘'''Dae''' (大)’, que significa que le pais esseva unificate, formante le nomine ‘'''Daehan''' (大韓)’. Secundo le titulo e le Articulo 1 del Constitution del Republica de Korea, le nomine official del pais es Republica de Korea (대한민국; 大韓民國). Secundo le Aviso del Consilio de Stato No. 7, "In re le nomine del pais, certe nomines local e colores de mappas", promulgate le 16 de januario 1950, le abbreviationes es fixate como ‘'''Daehan''' (大韓)’ e ‘'''Hanguk''' (韓國)’.<ref>"Ben que le nomine official es 'Republica de Korea', le abbreviationes 'Daehan' o 'Hanguk' es usate pro convenientia, sed 'Joseon' non pote esser usate pro distinguer lo clarmente del [[Republica Popular Democratic de Korea]]."</ref> Consequentemente, le nomine ‘'''Joseon''' (朝鮮)’, un toponymo amplemente usate usque al prime medietate del seculo 20, esseva substituite per 'Daehan (大韓)', 'Hanguk (韓國)', o 'Han (韓)'. In accordo con isto, le nomine del proprie pais es appellate ‘'''Republica de Korea''' (대한민국; 大韓民國)’, ‘'''Hanguk''' (韓國)’, etc. === Uso === Le facto que Goguryeo cambiava su nomine de stato a Goryeo (高麗) in le 5e seculo durante le regno del re Jangsu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dictionario digital de Samguk Yusa, developpamento piloto de geographia|url=https://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE004&cp_code=rp0703&index_id=rp07032340&content_id=rp070309330002&print=Y|website=Munhwa Contents|publisher=Korea Creative Content Agency|accessdate=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119100108/https://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE004&cp_code=rp0703&index_id=rp07032340&content_id=rp070309330002&print=Y|archive-date=19 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://daily.hankooki.com/lpage/culture/201503/dh20150317070051138640.htm <nowiki>Daily Hankook [Historia del etymologia de Park Dae-jong]</nowiki>] Korea Goguryeo</ref> esseva continuate per le dynastia medieval Goryeo (高麗), fundate in 918, e assi le nomine de stato 'Goryeo' deveniva cognoscite in tote le mundo via le mercatores arabe e alteres. On refereva a 'Goryeo' como '''Kore''' o '''Kori''', e a iste nomine se addeva le suffixo '-a' (que significa 'terra de'), deveniente 'Korea' o 'Koria', con le significado de 'terra del populo de Goryeo'.<ref>Actualmente, le nomine official de Corea del Sud in [[lingua anglese|anglese]] es Republic of Korea, abbreviate como 'R.O.K.', e per costume on lo appella simplemente Korea, e le [[Organisation International de Standardisation]] lo designa con le abbreviation 'KOR'.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topstarnews.net/435982|title=Dr. Ki Gyeong-ryang en 'Differente Classe', "Le etymologia de KOREA es Goguryeo, non Goryeo"|date=2018-06-27|language=ko|accessdate=2022-05-03}}</ref> In le Republica de Corea, in contrasto con le [[Republica Popular Democratic de Corea]] situate in le nord del peninsula corean, le Republica de Corea es anque appellate simplemente '''Hanguk''' (韓國) o '''Namhan''' (南韓) proque illo se trova in le sud del peninsula corean. Al contrario, le Republica Popular Democratic de Corea, que occupa le nord del peninsula corean, appella le Republica de Corea '''Namjoseon''' (南朝鮮).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=200511291820411&code=910303|title=Le denominationes official de Sud e Nord se scribe como 'Namhan' e 'Bukhan'|author=|date=29 de novembre 2005|publisher=Kyunghyang Shinmun|accessdate=}}</ref> == Historia == === Monte Baekdu === [[File:Baitou Mountain Tianchi.jpg|thumb|210px|Le laco Cheonji del Monte Baekdu, considerate le monte sacre del nation corean.]] [[Monte Baekdu]] es un monte que ha essite considerate sacre, e ha essite recognoscite como le loco de origine e le monte del anima del nation corean. Durante longe tempo, se ha mantenite le tradition de venerar le Monte Baekdu e de considerar lo como le monte sacre del nation. In le libros de historia, illo es a vices mentionate como Monte Taebaek al describer [[Buyeo]] e mentionar le processo de fundation de Gojoseon. === Ante le fundation de Corea === [[File:Goguryeo tomb mural.jpg|thumb|210px|Mural de chassa de Goguryeo.]] Le prime stato in le peninsula corean esseva [[Gojoseon]]. Le ideologia de fundation de le Republica de Corea es [[Hongik Ingan]], le ideologia fundational de Gojoseon. Hongik Ingan significa "beneficiar amplemente le humanitate". In torno al tempore del cadita de Gojoseon, plure statos como [[Buyeo]], [[Okjeo]] e [[Dongye]] surgeva. In 2003, un demanda esseva presentate a UNESCO pro promover le inscription independente del Complexo de Tumbas de Goguryeo como patrimonio cultural de Goguryeo. Postea, in 2004, in le 28ve session del Comitato del Patrimonio Mundial de UNESCO, le Complexo de Tumbas de Goguryeo esseva finalmente inscribite officialmente. Le inscription del patrimonio cultural de Goguryeo representava plus que un simple addition al lista; illo deveniva un puncto de inflexion decisive pro consolidar nostre historia e inspirar le orgolio national. Post le cadita de Goguryeo, [[Dae Jo-yeong]] fundava un stato al pede del Monte Dongmo in 698, creante [[Balhae]], que heredava le spirito de Goguryeo. Post le cadita de Balhae, in 918, le nomine del stato esseva stabilite como [[Goryeo]] con le significato de heredar le legitimatate de Goguryeo, e in 936, fundante Goryeo, se completava le unification national. Le Area Historic de Kaesong, le capital del dynastia Goryeo, esseva inscribite como Patrimonio Mundial. In 2013, in le 37me session del Comitato del Patrimonio Mundial, le Area Historic de Kaesong esseva inscribite como Patrimonio Mundial con le approbation unanime del membros. Le antique muralias e tectos de tegulas de Kaesong deveniva un occasion decisive pro confirmar le historia del dynastia Goryeo. In 1392, le general de Goryeo [[Yi Seong-gye]] deponeva le rege Gongyang de Goryeo e ascendeva al throno como rege, fundante [[Joseon]]. Le periodo tardive de Joseon pote esser considerate como le periodo de gestation de un societate moderne; con le apparition de fissuras in le existente systema bureaucratic de yangban, nove fortias emergeva e se produceva grande turbulencias social. Joseon suffreva le aggressiones del grande potentias post le apertura de su portos al fin del 19e seculo. Le chaos social e le division politic durante le processo de modernisation, specialmente le debilitation del poter royal causate per le politica de clanes (sedo-jeongchi), ageva como factores que accelerava le cadita de Joseon. Joseon cadeva in 1910, e le imperator Sunjong consentiva a isto, acceptante le perdita del soberanitate national. Con isto, le dynastia Joseon arrivava a su fin. === Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea === {{AP|Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea}} [[File:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.jpg|thumb|left|210px|Foto commemorative del Consilio de Stato del [[Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea]] (11 de octobre 1919).]] Le 1 de martio 1919, le coreanos lanceava le [[Movimento del Primo de Martio]] pro le independentia, comenciante con le lectura del [[Declaration de Independentia]] per le [[33 representantes del nation]]. Iste movimento se propagava per tote le pais, coincidente generalmente con le dies de apertura del [[mercato (economia)|mercato]] local in cata region. Isto marcava un nove puncto de inflexion pro le [[movimento de independentia de Corea]] tanto a nivello interne como externe. Le 11 de april, heredante le spirito del Movimento del Primo de Martio, se establiba le [[Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea]] in [[Shanghai]], [[Republica de China]].<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://v.daum.net/v/20260107173915342|titulo=Le presidente Lee Jae-myung visita le sede del Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea in Shanghai|data=7 de januario 2026|data-access=27 de februario 2026}}</ref> Le Governo Provisori promulgava le [[Constitution Provisori del Republica de Corea]], adoptante un [[systema presidential]] e le [[separation de poteres]], e faceva effortios diplomatic e militar pro le independentia de Corea. Tamen, a causa de conflictos super le linea del movimento de independentia, plure personalitates se retirava, e le governo transitava a un systema de direction collective centrate sur le [[Gungmuryeong]] (chef de stato provisori). Plus tarde, con [[Kim Gu]] como figura principal, le governo se reorganisava sub un systema centrate sur le [[Presidente (titulo)|Presidente]] e adoptava le [[Samgyunjuui]] (Principio del Tres Equalitates) de [[Cho So-ang]] como le programma de fundation del stato. In 1942, le factiones de sinistra del [[Partito Revolutionari National de Joseon]] liderate per [[Kim Kyu-sik]] e [[Kim Won-bong]], insimul con [[anarchistas]] como [[Kim Seong-suk (1898)|Kim Seong-suk]] e [[Yu Rim (1894)|Yu Rim]], se univa al Governo Provisori, creante le bases pro le formation de un fronte unite national. In cooperation con le [[Officio de Servicios Strategic|OSS]] del [[Statos Unite]], illes preparava le [[Operation de Infiltration in le Patria]] con le data limite de septembre 1945. In le preambulo del actual [[Constitution del Republica de Corea]], se insereva un clause que declara que le populo corean succede al legitimatate historic del Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea, establite per le Movimento del Primo de Martio. === Periodo del governamento militar in Corea === {{AP|Establimento del Governo del Republica de Corea|Periodo del governamento militar in Corea}} Le 15 de augusto 1945, le peninsula corean passava sub le tutela del [[Union Sovietic]] e del [[Statos Unite]], secundo un accordo informal attingite in le [[Conferentia de Yalta]]. In septembre 1945, con le [[parallelo 38]] nord del peninsula corean como frontiera, le armea del Statos Unite in le sud e le ancian [[Armea Sovietic]] in le nord proclamava le [[Proclamation de MacArthur]], establiante respective administrationes militar e dividente le peninsula corean in sud e nord. Postea, [[Lyuh Woon-hyung]], [[An Jae-hong]] e alteres organisava le [[Comitato de Preparation pro la Fundation de Corea]], basate sur le [[Alliance pro la Fundation del Stato]], un organisation clandestine fundate in 1944; in septembre, Lyuh Woon-hyung, [[Pak Hon-yong]] e alteres establiba le cabinete del [[Republica Popular de Corea]]. Tamen, in novembre 1945, surgeva un conflicto super le "legitimatate del Governo Provisori" con le membros del [[Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea]] qui habeva retornate in capacitate private ab [[Chongqing]], [[Sichuan]], [[Republica de China]]. Le governamento militar del Statos Unite, secundo le Proclamation de MacArthur, refusava de recognoscer tanto le cabinete del Republica Popular (le cabinete del Republica Popular de Corea) como le Governo Provisori, e dissolveva le cabinete del Republica Popular. In decembre 1945, le confrontation inter le factiones de sinistra e de dextera in le peninsula corean se intensificava a causa del proposition de tutela discutite in le [[Conferentia de Moscova de Tres Ministros]]. Poco post, in maio 1946, se convocava le [[Commission Mixte Sovietic-American]], sed illo finiva sin resultato debite al divergentia de opiniones inter le duo partes. In iste periodo, [[Kim Kyu-sik (1881)|Kim Kyu-sik]], Lyuh Woon-hyung, An Jae-hong e alteres initiava le [[Movimento de Cooperation de Sinistra e Dextera]] pro establir un governo provisori unite e reprender le Commission Mixte Sovietic-American. Tamen, le factiones de dextera e de sinistra, includente le [[Partito Democratic de Corea]] e le [[Partito del Labor de Corea del Sud]], non participava, lo que reduceva le movimento a un parve scala con le participation exclusive de moderatos. A causa de un serie de incidentes in le tumultuose periodo post-liberation, tal como le assassinato de [[Song Jin-woo (politico)|Song Jin-woo]] in decembre 1945 e le assassinato de Lyuh Woon-hyung in julio 1947, le Movimento de Cooperation de Sinistra e Dextera finiva in fracasso. === Stabilimento del governamento del Republica de Korea === [[File:Ceremony inaugurating the government of the Republic of Korea (colored).jpg|miniatura|242x242px|Ceremonia de proclamation del [[stabilimento del governamento del Republica de Korea]] in [[1948]]]] In un sondage de opinion realisate per le Governamento Militar del Statos Unite (USAMGIK) in julio 1946 a circa 10.000 personas in le area de Seoul sur "qual forma de governamento on desira", 70% declarava que "supportava le [[socialismo]]". In iste contexto, le [[USAMGIK]], que non recognosceva le Republica Popular de character socialista e voleva imponer su proprie voluntate, reprimeva sanguinarimente le sublevation del laboratores del mina de carbon de Hwasun qui exigeva le garantia de lor derectos de subsistentia. Postea, illo promoveva le cooperation e negotiation inter le dextra e le sinistra via figuras moderate como [[Kim Kyu-sik]], [[An Jae-hong]], e [[Lyuh Woon-hyung]]. Tamen, quando le USAMGIK los excludeva del controlo del hegemonia, illo incontrava le resistentia de [[Syngman Rhee]], [[Kim Gu]], [[Yun Chi-young]], [[Park Hon-yong]], e [[Heo Hon]]. Post le fracasso del secunde Commission Juncte USA-URSS, le Statos Unite transfereva le question del peninsula korean al Assemblea General del [[ONU]], que decideva le stabilimento de un governamento separate in Korea del Sud. Kim Kyu-sik, [[Cho So-ang]], e Kim Gu effortiava se a establir un governamento unificate via negotiationes inter le Nord e le Sud, sed iste effortios fiascava. Con le proposition de establir un governamento solmente in le areas ubi electiones esseva possibile ([[Declaration de Jeongeup]]), le formation de un governamento unificate deveniva de facto impossibile. Desde januario 1948, le situation politic in le peninsula esseva dividite inter le opinion de establir un governamento separate e le de establir un governamento via negotiationes Nord-Sud. Tamen, in februario 1948, al nord del parallelo 38, se formava le [[Comitato Popular de Korea del Nord]] e se creava le [[Armea Popular de Korea]], faciente le division de facto inevitabile. Le 10 de maio, se realisava le [[Electiones legislative de Korea del Sud de 1948|electiones general pro le Assemblea Constituente]] solmente al sud del [[parallelo 38]], dante nascentia al [[Assemblea Constituente de Korea del Sud]]. Le 17 de julio del mesme anno, se promulgava le prime constitution, le [[Constitution del Republica de Korea]]. Le 22 de julio, via election indirecte in le Assemblea, [[Syngman Rhee]] esseva electe como prime presidente e [[Yi Si-yeong (1868)|Yi Si-yeong]] como prime vice-presidente. Le 15 de augusto, se proclamava le stabilimento del [[Governamento del Republica de Korea]]. {{Vicitexto|en:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 293|Resolution 293 del Assemblea General del Nationes Unite}} Le 12 de decembre, in le "[[Resolution del Assemblea General del ONU]] [[Resolution 195 (III) del Assemblea General del Nationes Unite|195(III) Problema del independentia de Korea]]", se declarava que le Republica de Korea esseva "le unic governamento de tal typo in le peninsula korean". Hic, "de tal typo" significa que le Republica de Korea esseva establite secundo le libere voluntate del majoritate del habitantes sub le observation del Commission Temporari, e que illo esseva un governamento legal con controlo e jurisdiction effective sur le area ubi le electiones esseva possibile. Ben que Korea del Nord habeva jam proclamate le [[Republica Popular Democratic de Korea]] le 9 de septembre 1948, le resolution de decembre recognosceva solmente Korea del Sud como le unic governamento legal in le peninsula. === Guerra de Korea === [[File:Korean War Korean civilians-ca1951.jpg|miniatura|210px|Un puella con su fratre minor sur le dorso durante le Guerra de Korea]] {{Articulo principal|Guerra de Korea}} Kim Il-sung de [[Korea del Nord]] se preparava pro realisar su ambition de communisar le peninsula via un invasion al sud. Post reciper le approbation del lider sovietic [[Iosif Stalin]], le 25 de junio 1950 a 4:00 AM, Korea del Nord invadeva le Republica de Korea con dozens de [[tank]]s sovietic. In ille tempore, Korea del Sud non habeva defensas contra tanks e esseva in inferioritate aclarante in [[artilleria]] e [[avion de chassa]]. Le [[Armea del Republica de Korea|armia sudkorean]], practicante sin equipamento adequate, esseva repulsate rapidemente. Seoul, le capital, esseva capturate per le [[Armea Popular de Korea]] in solmente tres dies. Le armia sudkorean se retirava usque al linea de defensa del [[Fluvio Nakdong]] como ultime recurso. In iste processo, numerose studentes (studentes-soldatos) moriva sin trainamento, causante multe victimas e perditas human. Tamen, con le supporto del fortias del ONU e le [[Invasion de Incheon]] dirigite per le commandante supreme [[Douglas MacArthur]] le 15 de septembre, le contra-attacco comenciava. Korea del Sud recuperava Seoul le 27 de septembre. Le 1 de ottobre, illes retornava al [[parallelo 38]]. Alora, un nove resolution del [[ONU]] cambiava le objectivo al conquesta complete de [[Korea del Nord]]. Le fortias sudkorean e del ONU selectionava le [[Fluvio Yalu]] le 26 de ottobre, sed le [[Republica Popular China]] interveniva con le tactica de "undas human" e le Union Sovietic forniva supporto militar, revertente le situation e prolongante le guerra. Post combattos stagnate circa le parallelo 38, un [[Armistitio de Korea|accordo de armistitio]] esseva signate le 27 de julio 1953 a 10:00 AM, cessante le hostilitates a 22:00 e formante le [[Linea de Demarcation Militar]], situation de [[tregua]] que continua usque hodie. Le [[Guerra de Korea]] lassava 200.000 [[vidua]]s, plus de 100.000 orphanos e plus de 10 milliones de [[familias dividite]]. Le destruction de 45% del infrastructura [[industrial]] in le peninsula causava un periodo de obscuritate economic e social. Super toto, le guerra fomentava un hostilitate extreme inter le Nord e le Sud, solidificante le [[division de Korea]] que dura jam circa 70 annos. === Prime e Secunde Republicas === [[File:4.19 혁명.jpg|210px|miniatura|right|Le [[Revolution del 19 de april]] in 1960]] {{Articulo principal|Prime Republica de Korea|Revolution del 19 de april|Secunde Republica de Korea}} Post le armistitio, le annos 1950 esseva un periodo de reconstruction post-guerra e stabilimento de un systema de adjuta economic supportate per le Statos Unite. Le alte functionarios del Prime Republica esseva corrupte, provocante le dissatisfaction popular. Syngman Rhee, previdente que su reelection esseva impossibile sub le [[systema parlamentari]], utilisava su alliados como [[Yi Beom-seok (1900)|Yi Beom-seok]] e [[Chang Taek-sang]], ultra gruppos de choc como le "Tigres de Pectore Blanc", pro causar le [[Tumulto Politic de Busan]] (1952) e le amendamento constitutional "Sasa-oip" (1954) pro prolongar su poter. Tamen, temente le crescentia de Yi Beom-seok e Chang Taek-sang, Rhee los eliminava e promoveva le faction de [[Yi Ki-bung]]. Iste faction utilisava gangsters politic como [[Yi Jeong-jae (1917)|Yi Jeong-jae]] pro reprimer le opposition, portante le fin del Prime Republica al chaos. Mesuras como le [[Attentato contra le Vice-presidente Chang Myon]] (1958) e le [[Incidente de Cho Bong-am]] (1959) esseva prendite, e le libertate de pressa esseva controlate. In 1959, protestos contra le dictatura comenciava, e in martio 1960, le fraude electoral in le election vice-presidential portava al [[Revolution del 19 de april]]. Le discoperta del corpore de [[Kim Ju-yul]] in le mar de Masan intensificava le protestos. Le 26 de april, Syngman Rhee annunciava su dimission, e le Prime Republica cadeva. [[File:5.16 군사정변 박정희.jpg|210px|left|miniatura|[[Park Chung-hee]] durante le [[Colpo de stato del 16 de maio]] in 1961]] Post un governamento provisori de [[Heo Jeong]], se stabiliva le [[Secunde Republica de Korea]] con [[Chang Myon]] como Prime Ministro. Le Secunde Republica adoptava un systema parlamentari e bicameral, e permitteva le libertate de pressa. Tamen, le divisiones interne in le Partito Democratic e le debile voluntate de reforma impediva le satisfaction del demandas de democratisation. In medio de protestos continue, le 16 de maio 1961, un [[Colpo de stato del 16 de maio|colpo de stato militar]] deponeva le governamento de Chang Myon post solmente un anno. [[Yun Bo-seon]] manteneva un governamento civil formal, sed dimitteva in protesto contra le restriction de activitates politic imposite per le militares. De martio 1962 a decembre 1963, le [[Consilio Supreme pro le Reconstruction National]] exercitava le poter total. === Tertie e Quarte Republicas === {{Articulo principal|Tertie Republica de Korea|Quarte Republica de Korea|Governamento de Choi Kyu-hah}} In decembre 1963, [[Park Chung-hee]] stabiliva le [[Tertie Republica de Korea]]. Ille ganiava le electiones contra [[Yun Bo-seon]] per margines multo stricte. In su prime annos, ille reprimeva le [[Lucta del 3 de junio|protestos]] pro fortiar su politicas. Inter 1961 e 1979, Korea suffreva plure crises de divisas e riscos de bancarrupta. Le governamento promoveva un [[dictatura de developpamento]] basate sur exportationes de industria legere, le [[Korea del Sud in le Guerra de Vietnam|participation in le Guerra de Vietnam]], e le invio de laboratores a Germania pro obtener divisas. In le annos 1970, se focalisava in le industria pesante e electronic, sed isto lassava problemas como le disparitate de revenios e basse salarios. Postea, le governamento de Park passava un amendamento pro un tertie mandato e succedeva in le [[Electiones presidential de Korea del Sud de 1971|electiones de 1971]]. Tamen, debite al fortia del opposition e le limites del crescentia economic causate per le prime [[crise del petroleo]], Park promulgava le [[Constitution Yushin]] in 1972, declarante le Quarte Republica. Iste systema extendeva le mandato presidential a 6 annos con reelectiones illimitate e dava al presidente le poter de nominar parlamentarios. Le opposition e le studentes protestava, sed le governamento respondeva con "mesuras de emergentia". Le tension diplomatic con le Statos Unite cresceva per le [[Koreagate]] e criticas al derectos human. Con le secunde crise del petroleo e protestos como le [[Tumulto de Busan e Masan]], le regime entrava in crisis. In 1979, Park esseva assassinate per [[Kim Jae-gyu]], director del Agentia Central de Intelligentia ([[Incidente del 26 de octobre]]), finiente 17 annos de poter. Post le incidente, [[Choi Kyu-hah]] assumeva le poter e essayava democratisar le pais. Tamen, [[Chun Doo-hwan]] e le nove faction militar prendeva le controlo via le [[Colpo de stato del 12 de decembre]] de 1979. In 1980, illes expandeva le lege martial le 17 de maio, claudente le Assemblea. Le governamento de Choi Kyu-hah finiva con su dimission in augusto 1980. === Quinte Republica === {{Articulo principal|Quinte Republica de Korea}} [[Chun Doo-hwan]] e le nove faction militar prendeva le controlo del armea e retardava le democratisation. Malgrado le protestos del [[Primavera de Seoul]], le militares expandeva le lege martial le 17 de maio ([[Colpo de stato del 17 de maio]]), prohibiente activitates politic e claudente le Assemblea. In iste processo, illes reprimeva violentemente le [[Levation de Gwangju]] con fortias special. In octobre 1980, se promulgava un nove constitution e in 1981 nasceva le [[Quinte Republica de Korea]]. Le Quinte Republica se focalisava in le stabilitate economic e organisava eventos como le [[Jocos Asiatic de 1986]] e le [[Jocos Olympic de Seoul 1988]]. Illo implementava mesuras de liberalisation como le abolition del wra-foco nocturne. Tamen, illo esseva characterisate per un dictatura autoritari, repression de democratia, tortura e corruption. In januario 1987, le [[Morte de Bak Jong-cheol|morte per tortura de Bak Jong-cheol]] provocava protestos massive. Le refusal del governamento a cambiar le constitution portava al [[Lucta de Junio]]. Finalmente, Chun Doo-hwan acceptava le demandas via le [[Declaration del 29 de junio]] de Roh Tae-woo. In le [[Electiones presidential de Korea del Sud de 1987|electiones de 1987]], [[Roh Tae-woo]] esseva electe, e in februario 1988, le Quinte Republica finiva. ===Le Sexte Republica=== {{Texto principal|Sexte Republica de Corea del Sud}}[[File:Seoul Olympic torch.jpg|miniatura|[[Jocos Olympic de Estivo 1988|Jocos Olympic de Seoul 1988]]]] ==== Governamento de Roh Tae-woo e Governamento Civil ==== {{Texto principal|Governamento de Roh Tae-woo|Governamento Civil}} Immediatemente post le inauguration del governamento de Roh Tae-woo, le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 1988|13tie electiones general]] de maio 1988 resultava in le prime parlamento "minoritate governamental e majoritate de opposition" in le historia. Le partito in poter, le [[Partito de Justitia Democratic]], cercava un solution pro superar le opinion public unfavorable e promoveva le [[Fusion de tres partitos]] in 1990, creante le [[Partito Liberal Democratic]]. In plus, illo prendeva mesuras judicial contra le associatos de Chun Doo-hwan (auditiones parlamentari) e empleava amplemente civiles in le politica (ruptura con le passato). In diplomatia, le governamento de Roh Tae-woo promoveva le [[Nordpolitik]], concentrante se sur le melioration de relationes e le stabilimento de ligamines diplomatic con le ancian Union Sovietic e altere nationes del bloco communista. In septembre 1991, Corea del Sud deveniva membro del [[ONU]], e in decembre del mesme anno, adoptava le [[Accordo Basic Inter-Corean]]. In plus, in 1992, illo implementava le systema de autonomia local. Tamen, [[Roh Tae-woo]] habeva limitationes proque ille esseva un ancian militar como Chun Doo-hwan, e ille habeva jocate un rolo central in le colpo de stato del 12 de decembre e in le formation del Quinta Republica. Le governamento de Roh Tae-woo anque continuava le politicas fascista del Quinta Republica, incluse le collusion inter politica e economia, le creation de fundos secrete, le vigilantia de civiles e le tortura. Isto resultava in protestas pro le democratisation (1991). Roh nominava Park Chul-un, cognoscite como le "Prince Hereditari del Sexte Republica", como su successor, sed le discontento surgeva intra le partito in poter, e finalmente ille non habeva altere option que eliger Kim Young-sam como successor. Le governamento de Roh Tae-woo finiva con le inauguration del Governamento Civil in 1993. In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 1992|14te election presidential]] de 1992, le candidato [[Kim Young-sam]] del [[Partito Liberal Democratic]] esseva elegite e inaugurate in 1993, initiante officialmente le [[Governamento Civil]]. Isto marcava le retorno a un governamento civil post circa 30 annos desde le [[Governamento de Yun Bo-seon]]. Le Governamento Civil lassava complimentos como le purga del faction militar Hanahoe, le [[Systema de Nomine Real in Transactiones Financiari]], le permission del libertate de expression, le movimento pro "Rectificar le Historia", le restoration del electiones pro chefes de governamento local, e le adhesion al [[OCDE]]. Particularmente, illo purgava organisationes secrete intra le armea que representava un risco de colpo de stato, e puniva le militares politic involvite in le eventos del 12 de decembre e del 18 de maio. Tamen, le societate suffreva chaos a causa de grande accidentes como le [[Disastro del volo 801 de Korean Air]] in Guam, le collapso del Apartamentos Uam, del [[Ponte Seongsu]] e del [[Grande Magazin Sampoong]]. In plus, persequente un economia de mercato laissez-faire e le globalisation, illo fortiava un apertura a grande scala sin preparation, falliva in le gestion de divisas estranier e provocava le [[Crise financiari de 1997 (FMI)]]. Finalmente, sin poter satisfacer le crescente demandas del populo, illo habeva que transferer le poter al opposition. ==== Governamento del Populo e Governamento de Participation ==== {{Texto principal|Governamento de Kim Dae-jung|Governamento de Roh Moo-hyun}} [[File:Seoul_Plaza_2002_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg|miniatura|sinistra|270px|Le appoio de strata del [[Diabolos Rubie]] durante le [[Copa del Mundo de FIFA 2002]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 1997|15te election presidential]] de 1997, le candidato [[Kim Dae-jung]] del [[Congresso National pro Nove Politica]] esseva elegite, realisante le prime transition pacifice de poter in le historia constitutional. Con le advento del [[Governamento del Populo]], le task le plus urgente esseva superar le crise del FMI. Le Governamento del Populo, per le promotion de politicas economic "liberal" e le [[Movimento de Collection de Oro]], repagava le debitas externe anticipatemente e sortiva del systema de gestion del FMI in 2001, introducente un systema de restructuration autonome secundo standardes international pro meliorar le structura corporative. Tamen, le politicas [[neoliberal]] promovite durante iste processo ha essite criticate pro crear un structura social deformate de "le victor prende toto", e existe evalutationes negative sur le creation de unemploymento massive a causa de restructuration excessive e venditas de interprisas. Le Governamento del Populo contribueva al pace in le peninsula corean e al promotion del derectos human. Particularmente in relationes con le Nord, pro promover le [[Politica de Radiantia Solar]], Kim visitava [[Pyongyang]] pro le prime vice desde le division e teneva le [[Summit inter-corean de 2000]] con le presidente del Commission de Defensa National, [[Kim Jong-il]]. Tamen, postea on discoperiva allegationes de que 200 billiones de won in numerario esseva illegalmente transferite al regime del Nord pro le summit, lo que causava grande criticas. Ben que illo promoveva politicas de appaciamento, le provocationes continue del Nord, como le [[Battalia de Yeonpyeong]] e tests nuclear, levava dubitas sur le efficacia del Politica de Radiantia Solar. In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2002|16te election presidential]] de 2002, le candidato [[Roh Moo-hyun]] del [[Partito Democratic del Nove Millennio]] esseva elegite, e le [[Governamento de Participation]] esseva inaugurate. In 2004, illo faceva fronte a un crise con le [[Impeachment de Roh Moo-hyun]], sed isto finiva con le opposition del opinion public e le decision del Corte Constitutional de rejectar le impeachment. In le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2004|electiones general]] del mesme anno, le partito in poter, le [[Partito Uri]], vinceva le opposition (que suffreva le reaction negative al impeachment) e obteneva le majoritate del sedes, dante impulso al gestion del stato. Le Governamento de Participation stabiliva politicas reformista e progressive, como le elimination del autoritarismo e le developpamento equilibrate. Illo esseva evalutate positivamente pro clarificar le historia del passato per le creation del [[Commission de Veritate e Reconciliation]] e pro cercar le developpamento equilibrate per le promotion del [[Citate Special Autonome de Sejong]]. Tamen, le Governamento de Participation provocava le opposition de conservatores e moderatos a causa de reformas idealistic que non considerava le realitate del opposition conservative e le declarationes radical del presidente. Le rata de approbation cadeva in le medie del mandato a causa de varie problemas, incluse le corruption de personas proxime a [[Roh Gun-pyeong]], le fratre del presidente. Ben que ille esseva un presidente elegite per le campo progressive, ille es evalutate como un politico qui cercava un politica rational e pragmatic in loco de un governamento basate sur logica de faction, implementante politicas como le [[neoliberalismo]] e un diplomatia [[pro-american]]. ==== Governamento de Lee Myung-bak e Governamento de Park Geun-hye ==== {{Texto principal|Governamento de Lee Myung-bak|Governamento de Park Geun-hye}} [[File:2010 G-20 Seoul summit.jpg|miniatura|300x300pixel|[[Summit del G20 de Seoul 2010]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2007|17te election presidential]] de 2007, le candidato [[Lee Myung-bak]] del [[Partito Grand National]] esseva elegite presidente, realisante un transition de poter al campo conservative. Le governamento de Lee Myung-bak cercava le revitalisation economic con le "Prime Anno de Avantage" e le [[Promissa 747]], sed illo suffreva simultaneemente un crise economic debite al [[Crise financiari mundial de 2007-2008]] originate in le SUA, e un crise politic debite al [[Protestas de candelas de 2008]] contra le importation de carne de bove con "vacca folle" durante le processo de signatura del [[TLC Corea-SUA]]. Illo superava le crise financiari de forma stabile per un politica de alte rata de cambio e obteneva successos diplomatic representate per le organisation del [[Summit del G20 de Seoul]] in 2010, le obtention del [[Jocos Olympic de Hiberno de Pyeongchang]] in 2011, e le organisation del [[Summit de Securitate Nuclear]] in 2012. Tamen, illo generava multe criticas e controversias social durante su mandato, como le suspiciones de corruption in le [[Projecto del Quatro Grande Rivieras]] e le "diplomatia de ressource", le manipulation de opinion public per le NIS, le controversia sur le controlo del pressa debite al [[Revision del Leges de Media]], e le plano de modification pro le [[Citate de Sejong]]. In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2012|18te election presidential]] de 2012, le candidata [[Park Geun-hye]] del [[Partito Saenuri]] esseva elegite presidente. Desde su initio, le governamento esseva involvite in controversias sur le [[Intervention del NIS in le election]], e postea faceva fronte a difficultates in le gestion del stato debite a successive fallimentos in nominationes de personal. In plus, illo monstrava inexperientia in le mesuras contra disastros national como le [[Tragedia del Sewol]] in april 2014 e le [[Epidemia de MERS in Corea del Sud de 2015]], e suffreva criticas social e conflictos sur varie politicas como le [[Economia Creative]], le reforma del labor, e le [[Controversia del libros de texto de historia national]]. Post facer fronte a un parlamento de "minoritate governamental" in le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2016|20te electiones general]] de 2016, le governamento de Park Geun-hye entrava in un crise politic. Con le revelation del [[Escandalo Park Geun-hye e Choi Soon-sil]] in octobre 2016, le [[Movimento pro le resignation de Park Geun-hye]] comenciava. Le Parlamento approvava le [[Impeachment de Park Geun-hye]], suspendente su poteres e stabiliente le governamento provisori de [[Hwang Kyo-ahn]]. Le 10 de martio 2017, con le acceptation del impeachment per le [[Corte Constitutional de Corea del Sud]], Park Geun-hye deveniva le prime presidente in le historia constitutional a esser removite de su cargo. ==== Governamento de Moon Jae-in e Governamento de Yoon Suk-yeol ==== {{Texto principal|Governamento de Moon Jae-in|Governamento de Yoon Suk-yeol}} [[File:2018 inter-Korean summit 01.jpg|sinistra|miniatura|250x250pixel|[[Summit inter-corean de april 2018|Summit inter-corean de 2018]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2017|19te election presidential]], tenite anticipatemente in 2017 debite al remotion del presidente anterior, le candidato [[Moon Jae-in]] del [[Partito Democratic de Corea]] esseva elegite, realisante un transition de poter al campo progressive. Le [[Governamento de Moon Jae-in]] fruiva de un alte rata de approbation al initio de su mandato con politicas contra le autoritarismo e le linea de "elimination de mal usos accumulate", e cercava transformar le [[Relationes inter-corean]] que esseva tense in medio del [[Crise in le peninsula corean de 2017]] e le "Korea Passing". In le atmosphera de reconciliation que se developpava con le organisation successeful del [[Jocos Olympic de Hiberno de Pyeongchang 2018]], illo teneva le [[Summit de Panmunjom]] e le [[Summit de Pyongyang]], e laborava pro facilitar negotiationes de denuclearisation per le [[Summit inter le SUA e Corea del Nord de 2018]]. In plus, illo recipeva evalutationes positive pro su [[Gestion del pandemia de COVID-19 in Corea del Sud]] in 2020. Isto, juncto con le debilitation del opposition debite al escandalo de corruption anterior, resultava in victorias massive del partido in poter in le [[Electiones local de Corea del Sud de 2018]] e le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2020]], creante stabilitate politic. Le governamento de Moon Jae-in provocava debatto social per le promotion del [[Crescentia basate sur le receptas]], le [[Controversia sur le augmento del salario minime]], le abandono del energia nuclear e le regulation de [[cryptomonetas]]. Illo anque recipeva criticas del opinion public pro su fallimento in responder al augmento del precios del immobiles. In plus, controversias sur le moralitate del governamento e del partido in poter, como le [[Escandalo de manipulation de commentarios de 2017]], le implication de figuras del partido in le [[Movimento MeToo]] in 2018, e le [[Controversia sur le nomination de Cho Kuk]] como Ministro de Justitia in 2019, contribueva a evalutationes negative. Simultaneemente, le opposition del opinion public continuava sur le promotion del [[Equipa unite inter-corean]] in 2018, le [[Incidente del contrabando de carbon nord-corean]], e le tension in le relationes inter-corean causate per le destruction del [[Officio de Ligamine Inter-Corean]] in 2020. [[File:2024년 12월 국회 앞 윤석열 대통령 탄핵 시위.jpg|miniatura|250x250pixel|[[Movimento pro le resignation de Yoon Suk-yeol]] contra le [[Lege martial de 2024 in Corea del Sud]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2022|20te election presidential]] de 2022, le candidato [[Yoon Suk-yeol]], qui habeva servite como [[Procurator General]] durante le controversia de Cho Kuk, esseva elegite per un margine stricte sub le slogan de "judicamento del governamento", realisante un transition de poter al campo conservative. Le [[Governamento de Yoon Suk-yeol]] se concentrava internemente sur le deregulation e politicas de austeritate secundo le principios del [[democratia liberal]], e externemente sur le [[Alliantia Corea-SUA]] e le melioration del [[Relationes Corea-Japon]]. Tamen, illo faceva fronte a un opinion public critic debite a errores al initio del mandato, incluse le [[Tragedia de Itaewon]], e suspiciones de implication del Seniora [[Kim Keon-hee]] in le [[Escandalo de manipulation de actiones de Deutsche Motors]]. Post le derrota massive del partido in poter, le [[Partito del Poter Popular]], in le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2024|22te electiones general]] de 2024, le presidente Yoon Suk-yeol, qui habeva suffrite conflictos continue con le majoritari [[Partito Democratic de Corea]], declarava subitemente le [[Lege martial de 2024 in Corea del Sud]] al fin de ille anno. Tamen, post le revocation immediate del lege martial per le Parlamento e le suspension de su functiones per le [[Impeachment de Yoon Suk-yeol]], ille esseva removite de su cargo per le acceptation del [[Corte Constitutional de Corea del Sud]]. ==== Governamento de Lee Jae-myung ==== {{Texto principal|Governamento de Lee Jae-myung}} In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2025|21me election presidential]], tenite anticipatemente in 2025 debite al impeachment del presidente anterior, le candidato [[Lee Jae-myung]] del [[Partito Democratic de Corea]] esseva elegite presidente, e le [[Governamento de Lee Jae-myung]] esseva inaugurate. == Vide etiam == * [[Lista de citates in Corea del Sud]] {{refer}} {{Paises de Asia}} {{elem|paises del mundo}} [[Categoria:Corea del Sud|*]] {{pecietta|politica}} onzuymrbw5913bncdyaxm07w42oi5fs 697085 697084 2026-06-08T13:23:38Z ~2026-33781-30 60158 /* Le Sexte Republica */ 697085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Corea del Sud'''{{linfo}}, officialmente le '''Republica de Corea''' sed appellate per le abbreviation '''Corea''', es un [[pais]] situate in le sud del [[linea de demarcation militar del peninsula de Korea]] in [[Asia Oriental]]. Le bandiera del Republica de Korea es le [[Bandiera de Korea del Sud|Taegeukgi]] secundo le Lege sur le Bandiera National de Korea<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95|titulo=Lege sur le Bandiera National de Korea|lingua=ko|data_access=6 de julio 2018}}</ref>, le [[Hymno national|hymno national]] es customarimente le [[Hymno national de Korea del Sud|Aegukga]], e le [[flor national]] es customarimente le [[Hibiscus syriacus|Mugunghwa]]. Le [[lingua official]] es le [[Lingua corean|coreano]] e le [[Capital (citate)|capital]] es [[Seoul]]. Le population es de 51,09 milliones in april 2026<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://jumin.mois.go.kr/|titulo=Statisticas de population de registro de residentes, Ministerio del Interior e Securitate|data_access=2026-05-29}}</ref>, e plus del medietate (50,74%), o 26,03 milliones de personas, reside in le [[Area Capital de Seoul (Republica de Korea)|Area Capital]].<ref name=":0">{{Cita web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/|title=Global Metro Monitor|first=Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph|last=Parilla|date=January 22, 2015}}</ref> Le Republica de Korea constitueva le [[Assemblea Constituente de Korea|Assemblea Constituente]] per medio de electiones general le 10 de maio 1948, e [[Fundation del governamento del Republica de Korea|stabili le governamento del Republica de Korea]] le 15 de augusto 1948. Le Republica de Korea ha attingite un crescimento economic rapide post le secunde medietate del 20e seculo, ben que il habeva fluctuationes como le [[Crise de divisas de Korea del Sud|crise de divisas]] a finales del annos 1990. Actualmente, illo ha le 12e economia le plus grande del mundo secundo le [[Producto Interno Brute]] (PIB) de 2024, e le [[Revenite National Brute]] (RNB) per capita in 2024 es nominalmente 36.624 dollares.<ref>{{Cita nova|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250305020651002|titulo=Revenite per capita 36.624 dollares... 6-te inter le paises principal, plus alte que Japon|data=5 de martio 2025|nova=[[Yonhap News]]}}</ref> In le sondage del [[Indice de Disveloppamento Humano]] (IDH) publicate annualmente per le [[Programma del Nationes Unite pro le Disveloppamento]] (PNUD) in 2023, illo occupava le 20e loco mundial.<ref name="HDI" /> Le 2 de julio 2021, in le ultime reunion del ‘[[Conferentia del Nationes Unite super Commercio e Disveloppamento]]’ (UNCTAD) tenite in le sede de Geneva, [[Suissa]], le stato de Korea esseva cambiate al gruppo de paises disveloppate per ‘consenso’ e illo esseva recognoscite como un pais disveloppate.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.kihoilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=936181|titulo=Republica de Korea, recognoscimento international como pais disveloppate de facto es un motivo de superbia|data=6 de julio 2021|lingua=ko|data_access=3 de maio 2022}}</ref> Tamen, [[Problemas social|problemas social]] como un alte rata de suicidio, un [[cultura]] de longe horas de labor, un alte [[Mortalitate|ratio de mortalitate]] per accidentes industrial, e le [[Basse natalitate in Korea del Sud|basse natalitate]] coexiste con iste successos. In quanto al nivello de [[democratia]], illo es un del paises con le nivello le plus alte in [[Asia]], como lo demonstra su 23e position con 8,0 punctos in le sondage del [[Indice de Democratia]] publicate per [[The Economist]] in 2019. Le Republica de Korea es active como membro del [[G20]], le [[Organisation pro le Cooperation e le Disveloppamento Economic]] (OCDE), le [[Committee de Adjuta al Disveloppamento]] (CAD), e le [[Club de Paris]]. Desde 1948 usque hodie, in le [[Peninsula de Korea]] existe duo [[Stato dividite|statos dividite]], le Republica de Korea e le [[Republica Popular Democratic de Korea]], situate respectivemente in le sud e le nord. Le area del peninsula de Korea e su insulas adjacente es de circa 220.000 km², e le population total del Republica de Korea e le Republica Popular Democratic de Korea attinge circa 77,18 milliones de personas in 2019.<ref name="Pyongyang">{{Cita web|url=https://m.newspim.com/news/view/20181226000118|titulo=Casa Blau: "Le residentes de Korea del Nord audiva le voce del presidente sudcorean pro le prime vice durante le discurso in le Stadio 1 de Maio de Pyongyang"|data=26 de decembre 2018|lingua=ko|data_access=10 de maio 2022}}</ref> == Nomine del pais == === Etymologia === Le etymologia de ‘'''Han''' (韓)’ in le nomine del pais '''Republica de Korea''' (대한민국; 大韓民國) non esseva originalmente le nomine de un nation, sed derivava del titulo ‘Han (汗)’, que significa monarcha. Le titulo ‘[[Khagan|Han (汗)]]’, que significa monarcha, es phoneticamente identic a ‘Han (韓)’. A causa que le historicos registrava erroneemente le character chinese pro monarcha ‘Han (汗)’ como ‘Han (韓)’ simplemente proque illos sonava equal, illo deveniva finalmente le nomine del pais. A isto, se addeva ‘'''Dae''' (大)’, que significa que le pais esseva unificate, formante le nomine ‘'''Daehan''' (大韓)’. Secundo le titulo e le Articulo 1 del Constitution del Republica de Korea, le nomine official del pais es Republica de Korea (대한민국; 大韓民國). Secundo le Aviso del Consilio de Stato No. 7, "In re le nomine del pais, certe nomines local e colores de mappas", promulgate le 16 de januario 1950, le abbreviationes es fixate como ‘'''Daehan''' (大韓)’ e ‘'''Hanguk''' (韓國)’.<ref>"Ben que le nomine official es 'Republica de Korea', le abbreviationes 'Daehan' o 'Hanguk' es usate pro convenientia, sed 'Joseon' non pote esser usate pro distinguer lo clarmente del [[Republica Popular Democratic de Korea]]."</ref> Consequentemente, le nomine ‘'''Joseon''' (朝鮮)’, un toponymo amplemente usate usque al prime medietate del seculo 20, esseva substituite per 'Daehan (大韓)', 'Hanguk (韓國)', o 'Han (韓)'. In accordo con isto, le nomine del proprie pais es appellate ‘'''Republica de Korea''' (대한민국; 大韓民國)’, ‘'''Hanguk''' (韓國)’, etc. === Uso === Le facto que Goguryeo cambiava su nomine de stato a Goryeo (高麗) in le 5e seculo durante le regno del re Jangsu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dictionario digital de Samguk Yusa, developpamento piloto de geographia|url=https://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE004&cp_code=rp0703&index_id=rp07032340&content_id=rp070309330002&print=Y|website=Munhwa Contents|publisher=Korea Creative Content Agency|accessdate=6 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119100108/https://www.culturecontent.com/content/contentView.do?search_div=CP_THE&search_div_id=CP_THE004&cp_code=rp0703&index_id=rp07032340&content_id=rp070309330002&print=Y|archive-date=19 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://daily.hankooki.com/lpage/culture/201503/dh20150317070051138640.htm <nowiki>Daily Hankook [Historia del etymologia de Park Dae-jong]</nowiki>] Korea Goguryeo</ref> esseva continuate per le dynastia medieval Goryeo (高麗), fundate in 918, e assi le nomine de stato 'Goryeo' deveniva cognoscite in tote le mundo via le mercatores arabe e alteres. On refereva a 'Goryeo' como '''Kore''' o '''Kori''', e a iste nomine se addeva le suffixo '-a' (que significa 'terra de'), deveniente 'Korea' o 'Koria', con le significado de 'terra del populo de Goryeo'.<ref>Actualmente, le nomine official de Corea del Sud in [[lingua anglese|anglese]] es Republic of Korea, abbreviate como 'R.O.K.', e per costume on lo appella simplemente Korea, e le [[Organisation International de Standardisation]] lo designa con le abbreviation 'KOR'.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topstarnews.net/435982|title=Dr. Ki Gyeong-ryang en 'Differente Classe', "Le etymologia de KOREA es Goguryeo, non Goryeo"|date=2018-06-27|language=ko|accessdate=2022-05-03}}</ref> In le Republica de Corea, in contrasto con le [[Republica Popular Democratic de Corea]] situate in le nord del peninsula corean, le Republica de Corea es anque appellate simplemente '''Hanguk''' (韓國) o '''Namhan''' (南韓) proque illo se trova in le sud del peninsula corean. Al contrario, le Republica Popular Democratic de Corea, que occupa le nord del peninsula corean, appella le Republica de Corea '''Namjoseon''' (南朝鮮).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=200511291820411&code=910303|title=Le denominationes official de Sud e Nord se scribe como 'Namhan' e 'Bukhan'|author=|date=29 de novembre 2005|publisher=Kyunghyang Shinmun|accessdate=}}</ref> == Historia == === Monte Baekdu === [[File:Baitou Mountain Tianchi.jpg|thumb|210px|Le laco Cheonji del Monte Baekdu, considerate le monte sacre del nation corean.]] [[Monte Baekdu]] es un monte que ha essite considerate sacre, e ha essite recognoscite como le loco de origine e le monte del anima del nation corean. Durante longe tempo, se ha mantenite le tradition de venerar le Monte Baekdu e de considerar lo como le monte sacre del nation. In le libros de historia, illo es a vices mentionate como Monte Taebaek al describer [[Buyeo]] e mentionar le processo de fundation de Gojoseon. === Ante le fundation de Corea === [[File:Goguryeo tomb mural.jpg|thumb|210px|Mural de chassa de Goguryeo.]] Le prime stato in le peninsula corean esseva [[Gojoseon]]. Le ideologia de fundation de le Republica de Corea es [[Hongik Ingan]], le ideologia fundational de Gojoseon. Hongik Ingan significa "beneficiar amplemente le humanitate". In torno al tempore del cadita de Gojoseon, plure statos como [[Buyeo]], [[Okjeo]] e [[Dongye]] surgeva. In 2003, un demanda esseva presentate a UNESCO pro promover le inscription independente del Complexo de Tumbas de Goguryeo como patrimonio cultural de Goguryeo. Postea, in 2004, in le 28ve session del Comitato del Patrimonio Mundial de UNESCO, le Complexo de Tumbas de Goguryeo esseva finalmente inscribite officialmente. Le inscription del patrimonio cultural de Goguryeo representava plus que un simple addition al lista; illo deveniva un puncto de inflexion decisive pro consolidar nostre historia e inspirar le orgolio national. Post le cadita de Goguryeo, [[Dae Jo-yeong]] fundava un stato al pede del Monte Dongmo in 698, creante [[Balhae]], que heredava le spirito de Goguryeo. Post le cadita de Balhae, in 918, le nomine del stato esseva stabilite como [[Goryeo]] con le significato de heredar le legitimatate de Goguryeo, e in 936, fundante Goryeo, se completava le unification national. Le Area Historic de Kaesong, le capital del dynastia Goryeo, esseva inscribite como Patrimonio Mundial. In 2013, in le 37me session del Comitato del Patrimonio Mundial, le Area Historic de Kaesong esseva inscribite como Patrimonio Mundial con le approbation unanime del membros. Le antique muralias e tectos de tegulas de Kaesong deveniva un occasion decisive pro confirmar le historia del dynastia Goryeo. In 1392, le general de Goryeo [[Yi Seong-gye]] deponeva le rege Gongyang de Goryeo e ascendeva al throno como rege, fundante [[Joseon]]. Le periodo tardive de Joseon pote esser considerate como le periodo de gestation de un societate moderne; con le apparition de fissuras in le existente systema bureaucratic de yangban, nove fortias emergeva e se produceva grande turbulencias social. Joseon suffreva le aggressiones del grande potentias post le apertura de su portos al fin del 19e seculo. Le chaos social e le division politic durante le processo de modernisation, specialmente le debilitation del poter royal causate per le politica de clanes (sedo-jeongchi), ageva como factores que accelerava le cadita de Joseon. Joseon cadeva in 1910, e le imperator Sunjong consentiva a isto, acceptante le perdita del soberanitate national. Con isto, le dynastia Joseon arrivava a su fin. === Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea === {{AP|Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea}} [[File:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.jpg|thumb|left|210px|Foto commemorative del Consilio de Stato del [[Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea]] (11 de octobre 1919).]] Le 1 de martio 1919, le coreanos lanceava le [[Movimento del Primo de Martio]] pro le independentia, comenciante con le lectura del [[Declaration de Independentia]] per le [[33 representantes del nation]]. Iste movimento se propagava per tote le pais, coincidente generalmente con le dies de apertura del [[mercato (economia)|mercato]] local in cata region. Isto marcava un nove puncto de inflexion pro le [[movimento de independentia de Corea]] tanto a nivello interne como externe. Le 11 de april, heredante le spirito del Movimento del Primo de Martio, se establiba le [[Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea]] in [[Shanghai]], [[Republica de China]].<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://v.daum.net/v/20260107173915342|titulo=Le presidente Lee Jae-myung visita le sede del Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea in Shanghai|data=7 de januario 2026|data-access=27 de februario 2026}}</ref> Le Governo Provisori promulgava le [[Constitution Provisori del Republica de Corea]], adoptante un [[systema presidential]] e le [[separation de poteres]], e faceva effortios diplomatic e militar pro le independentia de Corea. Tamen, a causa de conflictos super le linea del movimento de independentia, plure personalitates se retirava, e le governo transitava a un systema de direction collective centrate sur le [[Gungmuryeong]] (chef de stato provisori). Plus tarde, con [[Kim Gu]] como figura principal, le governo se reorganisava sub un systema centrate sur le [[Presidente (titulo)|Presidente]] e adoptava le [[Samgyunjuui]] (Principio del Tres Equalitates) de [[Cho So-ang]] como le programma de fundation del stato. In 1942, le factiones de sinistra del [[Partito Revolutionari National de Joseon]] liderate per [[Kim Kyu-sik]] e [[Kim Won-bong]], insimul con [[anarchistas]] como [[Kim Seong-suk (1898)|Kim Seong-suk]] e [[Yu Rim (1894)|Yu Rim]], se univa al Governo Provisori, creante le bases pro le formation de un fronte unite national. In cooperation con le [[Officio de Servicios Strategic|OSS]] del [[Statos Unite]], illes preparava le [[Operation de Infiltration in le Patria]] con le data limite de septembre 1945. In le preambulo del actual [[Constitution del Republica de Corea]], se insereva un clause que declara que le populo corean succede al legitimatate historic del Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea, establite per le Movimento del Primo de Martio. === Periodo del governamento militar in Corea === {{AP|Establimento del Governo del Republica de Corea|Periodo del governamento militar in Corea}} Le 15 de augusto 1945, le peninsula corean passava sub le tutela del [[Union Sovietic]] e del [[Statos Unite]], secundo un accordo informal attingite in le [[Conferentia de Yalta]]. In septembre 1945, con le [[parallelo 38]] nord del peninsula corean como frontiera, le armea del Statos Unite in le sud e le ancian [[Armea Sovietic]] in le nord proclamava le [[Proclamation de MacArthur]], establiante respective administrationes militar e dividente le peninsula corean in sud e nord. Postea, [[Lyuh Woon-hyung]], [[An Jae-hong]] e alteres organisava le [[Comitato de Preparation pro la Fundation de Corea]], basate sur le [[Alliance pro la Fundation del Stato]], un organisation clandestine fundate in 1944; in septembre, Lyuh Woon-hyung, [[Pak Hon-yong]] e alteres establiba le cabinete del [[Republica Popular de Corea]]. Tamen, in novembre 1945, surgeva un conflicto super le "legitimatate del Governo Provisori" con le membros del [[Governo Provisori del Republica de Corea]] qui habeva retornate in capacitate private ab [[Chongqing]], [[Sichuan]], [[Republica de China]]. Le governamento militar del Statos Unite, secundo le Proclamation de MacArthur, refusava de recognoscer tanto le cabinete del Republica Popular (le cabinete del Republica Popular de Corea) como le Governo Provisori, e dissolveva le cabinete del Republica Popular. In decembre 1945, le confrontation inter le factiones de sinistra e de dextera in le peninsula corean se intensificava a causa del proposition de tutela discutite in le [[Conferentia de Moscova de Tres Ministros]]. Poco post, in maio 1946, se convocava le [[Commission Mixte Sovietic-American]], sed illo finiva sin resultato debite al divergentia de opiniones inter le duo partes. In iste periodo, [[Kim Kyu-sik (1881)|Kim Kyu-sik]], Lyuh Woon-hyung, An Jae-hong e alteres initiava le [[Movimento de Cooperation de Sinistra e Dextera]] pro establir un governo provisori unite e reprender le Commission Mixte Sovietic-American. Tamen, le factiones de dextera e de sinistra, includente le [[Partito Democratic de Corea]] e le [[Partito del Labor de Corea del Sud]], non participava, lo que reduceva le movimento a un parve scala con le participation exclusive de moderatos. A causa de un serie de incidentes in le tumultuose periodo post-liberation, tal como le assassinato de [[Song Jin-woo (politico)|Song Jin-woo]] in decembre 1945 e le assassinato de Lyuh Woon-hyung in julio 1947, le Movimento de Cooperation de Sinistra e Dextera finiva in fracasso. === Stabilimento del governamento del Republica de Korea === [[File:Ceremony inaugurating the government of the Republic of Korea (colored).jpg|miniatura|242x242px|Ceremonia de proclamation del [[stabilimento del governamento del Republica de Korea]] in [[1948]]]] In un sondage de opinion realisate per le Governamento Militar del Statos Unite (USAMGIK) in julio 1946 a circa 10.000 personas in le area de Seoul sur "qual forma de governamento on desira", 70% declarava que "supportava le [[socialismo]]". In iste contexto, le [[USAMGIK]], que non recognosceva le Republica Popular de character socialista e voleva imponer su proprie voluntate, reprimeva sanguinarimente le sublevation del laboratores del mina de carbon de Hwasun qui exigeva le garantia de lor derectos de subsistentia. Postea, illo promoveva le cooperation e negotiation inter le dextra e le sinistra via figuras moderate como [[Kim Kyu-sik]], [[An Jae-hong]], e [[Lyuh Woon-hyung]]. Tamen, quando le USAMGIK los excludeva del controlo del hegemonia, illo incontrava le resistentia de [[Syngman Rhee]], [[Kim Gu]], [[Yun Chi-young]], [[Park Hon-yong]], e [[Heo Hon]]. Post le fracasso del secunde Commission Juncte USA-URSS, le Statos Unite transfereva le question del peninsula korean al Assemblea General del [[ONU]], que decideva le stabilimento de un governamento separate in Korea del Sud. Kim Kyu-sik, [[Cho So-ang]], e Kim Gu effortiava se a establir un governamento unificate via negotiationes inter le Nord e le Sud, sed iste effortios fiascava. Con le proposition de establir un governamento solmente in le areas ubi electiones esseva possibile ([[Declaration de Jeongeup]]), le formation de un governamento unificate deveniva de facto impossibile. Desde januario 1948, le situation politic in le peninsula esseva dividite inter le opinion de establir un governamento separate e le de establir un governamento via negotiationes Nord-Sud. Tamen, in februario 1948, al nord del parallelo 38, se formava le [[Comitato Popular de Korea del Nord]] e se creava le [[Armea Popular de Korea]], faciente le division de facto inevitabile. Le 10 de maio, se realisava le [[Electiones legislative de Korea del Sud de 1948|electiones general pro le Assemblea Constituente]] solmente al sud del [[parallelo 38]], dante nascentia al [[Assemblea Constituente de Korea del Sud]]. Le 17 de julio del mesme anno, se promulgava le prime constitution, le [[Constitution del Republica de Korea]]. Le 22 de julio, via election indirecte in le Assemblea, [[Syngman Rhee]] esseva electe como prime presidente e [[Yi Si-yeong (1868)|Yi Si-yeong]] como prime vice-presidente. Le 15 de augusto, se proclamava le stabilimento del [[Governamento del Republica de Korea]]. {{Vicitexto|en:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 293|Resolution 293 del Assemblea General del Nationes Unite}} Le 12 de decembre, in le "[[Resolution del Assemblea General del ONU]] [[Resolution 195 (III) del Assemblea General del Nationes Unite|195(III) Problema del independentia de Korea]]", se declarava que le Republica de Korea esseva "le unic governamento de tal typo in le peninsula korean". Hic, "de tal typo" significa que le Republica de Korea esseva establite secundo le libere voluntate del majoritate del habitantes sub le observation del Commission Temporari, e que illo esseva un governamento legal con controlo e jurisdiction effective sur le area ubi le electiones esseva possibile. Ben que Korea del Nord habeva jam proclamate le [[Republica Popular Democratic de Korea]] le 9 de septembre 1948, le resolution de decembre recognosceva solmente Korea del Sud como le unic governamento legal in le peninsula. === Guerra de Korea === [[File:Korean War Korean civilians-ca1951.jpg|miniatura|210px|Un puella con su fratre minor sur le dorso durante le Guerra de Korea]] {{Articulo principal|Guerra de Korea}} Kim Il-sung de [[Korea del Nord]] se preparava pro realisar su ambition de communisar le peninsula via un invasion al sud. Post reciper le approbation del lider sovietic [[Iosif Stalin]], le 25 de junio 1950 a 4:00 AM, Korea del Nord invadeva le Republica de Korea con dozens de [[tank]]s sovietic. In ille tempore, Korea del Sud non habeva defensas contra tanks e esseva in inferioritate aclarante in [[artilleria]] e [[avion de chassa]]. Le [[Armea del Republica de Korea|armia sudkorean]], practicante sin equipamento adequate, esseva repulsate rapidemente. Seoul, le capital, esseva capturate per le [[Armea Popular de Korea]] in solmente tres dies. Le armia sudkorean se retirava usque al linea de defensa del [[Fluvio Nakdong]] como ultime recurso. In iste processo, numerose studentes (studentes-soldatos) moriva sin trainamento, causante multe victimas e perditas human. Tamen, con le supporto del fortias del ONU e le [[Invasion de Incheon]] dirigite per le commandante supreme [[Douglas MacArthur]] le 15 de septembre, le contra-attacco comenciava. Korea del Sud recuperava Seoul le 27 de septembre. Le 1 de ottobre, illes retornava al [[parallelo 38]]. Alora, un nove resolution del [[ONU]] cambiava le objectivo al conquesta complete de [[Korea del Nord]]. Le fortias sudkorean e del ONU selectionava le [[Fluvio Yalu]] le 26 de ottobre, sed le [[Republica Popular China]] interveniva con le tactica de "undas human" e le Union Sovietic forniva supporto militar, revertente le situation e prolongante le guerra. Post combattos stagnate circa le parallelo 38, un [[Armistitio de Korea|accordo de armistitio]] esseva signate le 27 de julio 1953 a 10:00 AM, cessante le hostilitates a 22:00 e formante le [[Linea de Demarcation Militar]], situation de [[tregua]] que continua usque hodie. Le [[Guerra de Korea]] lassava 200.000 [[vidua]]s, plus de 100.000 orphanos e plus de 10 milliones de [[familias dividite]]. Le destruction de 45% del infrastructura [[industrial]] in le peninsula causava un periodo de obscuritate economic e social. Super toto, le guerra fomentava un hostilitate extreme inter le Nord e le Sud, solidificante le [[division de Korea]] que dura jam circa 70 annos. === Prime e Secunde Republicas === [[File:4.19 혁명.jpg|210px|miniatura|right|Le [[Revolution del 19 de april]] in 1960]] {{Articulo principal|Prime Republica de Korea|Revolution del 19 de april|Secunde Republica de Korea}} Post le armistitio, le annos 1950 esseva un periodo de reconstruction post-guerra e stabilimento de un systema de adjuta economic supportate per le Statos Unite. Le alte functionarios del Prime Republica esseva corrupte, provocante le dissatisfaction popular. Syngman Rhee, previdente que su reelection esseva impossibile sub le [[systema parlamentari]], utilisava su alliados como [[Yi Beom-seok (1900)|Yi Beom-seok]] e [[Chang Taek-sang]], ultra gruppos de choc como le "Tigres de Pectore Blanc", pro causar le [[Tumulto Politic de Busan]] (1952) e le amendamento constitutional "Sasa-oip" (1954) pro prolongar su poter. Tamen, temente le crescentia de Yi Beom-seok e Chang Taek-sang, Rhee los eliminava e promoveva le faction de [[Yi Ki-bung]]. Iste faction utilisava gangsters politic como [[Yi Jeong-jae (1917)|Yi Jeong-jae]] pro reprimer le opposition, portante le fin del Prime Republica al chaos. Mesuras como le [[Attentato contra le Vice-presidente Chang Myon]] (1958) e le [[Incidente de Cho Bong-am]] (1959) esseva prendite, e le libertate de pressa esseva controlate. In 1959, protestos contra le dictatura comenciava, e in martio 1960, le fraude electoral in le election vice-presidential portava al [[Revolution del 19 de april]]. Le discoperta del corpore de [[Kim Ju-yul]] in le mar de Masan intensificava le protestos. Le 26 de april, Syngman Rhee annunciava su dimission, e le Prime Republica cadeva. [[File:5.16 군사정변 박정희.jpg|210px|left|miniatura|[[Park Chung-hee]] durante le [[Colpo de stato del 16 de maio]] in 1961]] Post un governamento provisori de [[Heo Jeong]], se stabiliva le [[Secunde Republica de Korea]] con [[Chang Myon]] como Prime Ministro. Le Secunde Republica adoptava un systema parlamentari e bicameral, e permitteva le libertate de pressa. Tamen, le divisiones interne in le Partito Democratic e le debile voluntate de reforma impediva le satisfaction del demandas de democratisation. In medio de protestos continue, le 16 de maio 1961, un [[Colpo de stato del 16 de maio|colpo de stato militar]] deponeva le governamento de Chang Myon post solmente un anno. [[Yun Bo-seon]] manteneva un governamento civil formal, sed dimitteva in protesto contra le restriction de activitates politic imposite per le militares. De martio 1962 a decembre 1963, le [[Consilio Supreme pro le Reconstruction National]] exercitava le poter total. === Tertie e Quarte Republicas === {{Articulo principal|Tertie Republica de Korea|Quarte Republica de Korea|Governamento de Choi Kyu-hah}} In decembre 1963, [[Park Chung-hee]] stabiliva le [[Tertie Republica de Korea]]. Ille ganiava le electiones contra [[Yun Bo-seon]] per margines multo stricte. In su prime annos, ille reprimeva le [[Lucta del 3 de junio|protestos]] pro fortiar su politicas. Inter 1961 e 1979, Korea suffreva plure crises de divisas e riscos de bancarrupta. Le governamento promoveva un [[dictatura de developpamento]] basate sur exportationes de industria legere, le [[Korea del Sud in le Guerra de Vietnam|participation in le Guerra de Vietnam]], e le invio de laboratores a Germania pro obtener divisas. In le annos 1970, se focalisava in le industria pesante e electronic, sed isto lassava problemas como le disparitate de revenios e basse salarios. Postea, le governamento de Park passava un amendamento pro un tertie mandato e succedeva in le [[Electiones presidential de Korea del Sud de 1971|electiones de 1971]]. Tamen, debite al fortia del opposition e le limites del crescentia economic causate per le prime [[crise del petroleo]], Park promulgava le [[Constitution Yushin]] in 1972, declarante le Quarte Republica. Iste systema extendeva le mandato presidential a 6 annos con reelectiones illimitate e dava al presidente le poter de nominar parlamentarios. Le opposition e le studentes protestava, sed le governamento respondeva con "mesuras de emergentia". Le tension diplomatic con le Statos Unite cresceva per le [[Koreagate]] e criticas al derectos human. Con le secunde crise del petroleo e protestos como le [[Tumulto de Busan e Masan]], le regime entrava in crisis. In 1979, Park esseva assassinate per [[Kim Jae-gyu]], director del Agentia Central de Intelligentia ([[Incidente del 26 de octobre]]), finiente 17 annos de poter. Post le incidente, [[Choi Kyu-hah]] assumeva le poter e essayava democratisar le pais. Tamen, [[Chun Doo-hwan]] e le nove faction militar prendeva le controlo via le [[Colpo de stato del 12 de decembre]] de 1979. In 1980, illes expandeva le lege martial le 17 de maio, claudente le Assemblea. Le governamento de Choi Kyu-hah finiva con su dimission in augusto 1980. === Quinte Republica === {{Articulo principal|Quinte Republica de Korea}} [[Chun Doo-hwan]] e le nove faction militar prendeva le controlo del armea e retardava le democratisation. Malgrado le protestos del [[Primavera de Seoul]], le militares expandeva le lege martial le 17 de maio ([[Colpo de stato del 17 de maio]]), prohibiente activitates politic e claudente le Assemblea. In iste processo, illes reprimeva violentemente le [[Levation de Gwangju]] con fortias special. In octobre 1980, se promulgava un nove constitution e in 1981 nasceva le [[Quinte Republica de Korea]]. Le Quinte Republica se focalisava in le stabilitate economic e organisava eventos como le [[Jocos Asiatic de 1986]] e le [[Jocos Olympic de Seoul 1988]]. Illo implementava mesuras de liberalisation como le abolition del wra-foco nocturne. Tamen, illo esseva characterisate per un dictatura autoritari, repression de democratia, tortura e corruption. In januario 1987, le [[Morte de Bak Jong-cheol|morte per tortura de Bak Jong-cheol]] provocava protestos massive. Le refusal del governamento a cambiar le constitution portava al [[Lucta de Junio]]. Finalmente, Chun Doo-hwan acceptava le demandas via le [[Declaration del 29 de junio]] de Roh Tae-woo. In le [[Electiones presidential de Korea del Sud de 1987|electiones de 1987]], [[Roh Tae-woo]] esseva electe, e in februario 1988, le Quinte Republica finiva. ===Le Sexte Republica=== {{AP|Sexte Republica de Corea del Sud}} [[File:Seoul Olympic torch.jpg|thumb|[[Jocos Olympic de Estivo 1988|Jocos Olympic de Seoul 1988]]]] ==== Governamento de Roh Tae-woo e Governamento Civil ==== {{AP|Governamento de Roh Tae-woo|Governamento Civil}} Immediatemente post le inauguration del governamento de Roh Tae-woo, le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 1988|13tie electiones general]] de maio 1988 resultava in le prime parlamento "minoritate governamental e majoritate de opposition" in le historia. Le partito in poter, le [[Partito de Justitia Democratic]], cercava un solution pro superar le opinion public unfavorable e promoveva le [[Fusion de tres partitos]] in 1990, creante le [[Partito Liberal Democratic]]. In plus, illo prendeva mesuras judicial contra le associatos de Chun Doo-hwan (auditiones parlamentari) e empleava amplemente civiles in le politica (ruptura con le passato). In diplomatia, le governamento de Roh Tae-woo promoveva le [[Nordpolitik]], concentrante se sur le melioration de relationes e le stabilimento de ligamines diplomatic con le ancian Union Sovietic e altere nationes del bloco communista. In septembre 1991, Corea del Sud deveniva membro del [[ONU]], e in decembre del mesme anno, adoptava le [[Accordo Basic Inter-Corean]]. In plus, in 1992, illo implementava le systema de autonomia local. Tamen, [[Roh Tae-woo]] habeva limitationes proque ille esseva un ancian militar como Chun Doo-hwan, e ille habeva jocate un rolo central in le colpo de stato del 12 de decembre e in le formation del Quinta Republica. Le governamento de Roh Tae-woo anque continuava le politicas fascista del Quinta Republica, incluse le collusion inter politica e economia, le creation de fundos secrete, le vigilantia de civiles e le tortura. Isto resultava in protestas pro le democratisation (1991). Roh nominava Park Chul-un, cognoscite como le "Prince Hereditari del Sexte Republica", como su successor, sed le discontento surgeva intra le partito in poter, e finalmente ille non habeva altere option que eliger Kim Young-sam como successor. Le governamento de Roh Tae-woo finiva con le inauguration del Governamento Civil in 1993. In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 1992|14te election presidential]] de 1992, le candidato [[Kim Young-sam]] del [[Partito Liberal Democratic]] esseva elegite e inaugurate in 1993, initiante officialmente le [[Governamento Civil]]. Isto marcava le retorno a un governamento civil post circa 30 annos desde le [[Governamento de Yun Bo-seon]]. Le Governamento Civil lassava complimentos como le purga del faction militar Hanahoe, le [[Systema de Nomine Real in Transactiones Financiari]], le permission del libertate de expression, le movimento pro "Rectificar le Historia", le restoration del electiones pro chefes de governamento local, e le adhesion al [[OCDE]]. Particularmente, illo purgava organisationes secrete intra le armea que representava un risco de colpo de stato, e puniva le militares politic involvite in le eventos del 12 de decembre e del 18 de maio. Tamen, le societate suffreva chaos a causa de grande accidentes como le [[Disastro del volo 801 de Korean Air]] in Guam, le collapso del Apartamentos Uam, del [[Ponte Seongsu]] e del [[Grande Magazin Sampoong]]. In plus, persequente un economia de mercato laissez-faire e le globalisation, illo fortiava un apertura a grande scala sin preparation, falliva in le gestion de divisas estranier e provocava le [[Crise financiari de 1997 (FMI)]]. Finalmente, sin poter satisfacer le crescente demandas del populo, illo habeva que transferer le poter al opposition. ==== Governamento del Populo e Governamento de Participation ==== {{AP|Governamento de Kim Dae-jung|Governamento de Roh Moo-hyun}} [[File:Seoul_Plaza_2002_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg|thumb|sinistra|270px|Le appoio de strata del [[Diabolos Rubie]] durante le [[Copa del Mundo de FIFA 2002]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 1997|15te election presidential]] de 1997, le candidato [[Kim Dae-jung]] del [[Congresso National pro Nove Politica]] esseva elegite, realisante le prime transition pacifice de poter in le historia constitutional. Con le advento del [[Governamento del Populo]], le task le plus urgente esseva superar le crise del FMI. Le Governamento del Populo, per le promotion de politicas economic "liberal" e le [[Movimento de Collection de Oro]], repagava le debitas externe anticipatemente e sortiva del systema de gestion del FMI in 2001, introducente un systema de restructuration autonome secundo standardes international pro meliorar le structura corporative. Tamen, le politicas [[neoliberal]] promovite durante iste processo ha essite criticate pro crear un structura social deformate de "le victor prende toto", e existe evalutationes negative sur le creation de unemploymento massive a causa de restructuration excessive e venditas de interprisas. Le Governamento del Populo contribueva al pace in le peninsula corean e al promotion del derectos human. Particularmente in relationes con le Nord, pro promover le [[Politica de Radiantia Solar]], Kim visitava [[Pyongyang]] pro le prime vice desde le division e teneva le [[Summit inter-corean de 2000]] con le presidente del Commission de Defensa National, [[Kim Jong-il]]. Tamen, postea on discoperiva allegationes de que 200 billiones de won in numerario esseva illegalmente transferite al regime del Nord pro le summit, lo que causava grande criticas. Ben que illo promoveva politicas de appaciamento, le provocationes continue del Nord, como le [[Battalia de Yeonpyeong]] e tests nuclear, levava dubitas sur le efficacia del Politica de Radiantia Solar. In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2002|16te election presidential]] de 2002, le candidato [[Roh Moo-hyun]] del [[Partito Democratic del Nove Millennio]] esseva elegite, e le [[Governamento de Participation]] esseva inaugurate. In 2004, illo faceva fronte a un crise con le [[Impeachment de Roh Moo-hyun]], sed isto finiva con le opposition del opinion public e le decision del Corte Constitutional de rejectar le impeachment. In le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2004|electiones general]] del mesme anno, le partito in poter, le [[Partito Uri]], vinceva le opposition (que suffreva le reaction negative al impeachment) e obteneva le majoritate del sedes, dante impulso al gestion del stato. Le Governamento de Participation stabiliva politicas reformista e progressive, como le elimination del autoritarismo e le developpamento equilibrate. Illo esseva evalutate positivamente pro clarificar le historia del passato per le creation del [[Commission de Veritate e Reconciliation]] e pro cercar le developpamento equilibrate per le promotion del [[Citate Special Autonome de Sejong]]. Tamen, le Governamento de Participation provocava le opposition de conservatores e moderatos a causa de reformas idealistic que non considerava le realitate del opposition conservative e le declarationes radical del presidente. Le rata de approbation cadeva in le medie del mandato a causa de varie problemas, incluse le corruption de personas proxime a [[Roh Gun-pyeong]], le fratre del presidente. Ben que ille esseva un presidente elegite per le campo progressive, ille es evalutate como un politico qui cercava un politica rational e pragmatic in loco de un governamento basate sur logica de faction, implementante politicas como le [[neoliberalismo]] e un diplomatia [[pro-american]]. ==== Governamento de Lee Myung-bak e Governamento de Park Geun-hye ==== {{AP|Governamento de Lee Myung-bak|Governamento de Park Geun-hye}} [[File:2010 G-20 Seoul summit.jpg|thumb|300x300pixel|[[Summit del G20 de Seoul 2010]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2007|17te election presidential]] de 2007, le candidato [[Lee Myung-bak]] del [[Partito Grand National]] esseva elegite presidente, realisante un transition de poter al campo conservative. Le governamento de Lee Myung-bak cercava le revitalisation economic con le "Prime Anno de Avantage" e le [[Promissa 747]], sed illo suffreva simultaneemente un crise economic debite al [[Crise financiari mundial de 2007-2008]] originate in le SUA, e un crise politic debite al [[Protestas de candelas de 2008]] contra le importation de carne de bove con "vacca folle" durante le processo de signatura del [[TLC Corea-SUA]]. Illo superava le crise financiari de forma stabile per un politica de alte rata de cambio e obteneva successos diplomatic representate per le organisation del [[Summit del G20 de Seoul]] in 2010, le obtention del [[Jocos Olympic de Hiberno de Pyeongchang]] in 2011, e le organisation del [[Summit de Securitate Nuclear]] in 2012. Tamen, illo generava multe criticas e controversias social durante su mandato, como le suspiciones de corruption in le [[Projecto del Quatro Grande Rivieras]] e le "diplomatia de ressource", le manipulation de opinion public per le NIS, le controversia sur le controlo del pressa debite al [[Revision del Leges de Media]], e le plano de modification pro le [[Citate de Sejong]]. In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2012|18te election presidential]] de 2012, le candidata [[Park Geun-hye]] del [[Partito Saenuri]] esseva elegite presidente. Desde su initio, le governamento esseva involvite in controversias sur le [[Intervention del NIS in le election]], e postea faceva fronte a difficultates in le gestion del stato debite a successive fallimentos in nominationes de personal. In plus, illo monstrava inexperientia in le mesuras contra disastros national como le [[Tragedia del Sewol]] in april 2014 e le [[Epidemia de MERS in Corea del Sud de 2015]], e suffreva criticas social e conflictos sur varie politicas como le [[Economia Creative]], le reforma del labor, e le [[Controversia del libros de texto de historia national]]. Post facer fronte a un parlamento de "minoritate governamental" in le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2016|20te electiones general]] de 2016, le governamento de Park Geun-hye entrava in un crise politic. Con le revelation del [[Escandalo Park Geun-hye e Choi Soon-sil]] in octobre 2016, le [[Movimento pro le resignation de Park Geun-hye]] comenciava. Le Parlamento approvava le [[Impeachment de Park Geun-hye]], suspendente su poteres e stabiliente le governamento provisori de [[Hwang Kyo-ahn]]. Le 10 de martio 2017, con le acceptation del impeachment per le [[Corte Constitutional de Corea del Sud]], Park Geun-hye deveniva le prime presidente in le historia constitutional a esser removite de su cargo. ==== Governamento de Moon Jae-in e Governamento de Yoon Suk-yeol ==== {{AP|Governamento de Moon Jae-in|Governamento de Yoon Suk-yeol}} [[File:2018 inter-Korean summit 01.jpg|sinistra|thumb|250x250pixel|[[Summit inter-corean de april 2018|Summit inter-corean de 2018]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2017|19te election presidential]], tenite anticipatemente in 2017 debite al remotion del presidente anterior, le candidato [[Moon Jae-in]] del [[Partito Democratic de Corea]] esseva elegite, realisante un transition de poter al campo progressive. Le [[Governamento de Moon Jae-in]] fruiva de un alte rata de approbation al initio de su mandato con politicas contra le autoritarismo e le linea de "elimination de mal usos accumulate", e cercava transformar le [[Relationes inter-corean]] que esseva tense in medio del [[Crise in le peninsula corean de 2017]] e le "Korea Passing". In le atmosphera de reconciliation que se developpava con le organisation successeful del [[Jocos Olympic de Hiberno de Pyeongchang 2018]], illo teneva le [[Summit de Panmunjom]] e le [[Summit de Pyongyang]], e laborava pro facilitar negotiationes de denuclearisation per le [[Summit inter le SUA e Corea del Nord de 2018]]. In plus, illo recipeva evalutationes positive pro su [[Gestion del pandemia de COVID-19 in Corea del Sud]] in 2020. Isto, juncto con le debilitation del opposition debite al escandalo de corruption anterior, resultava in victorias massive del partido in poter in le [[Electiones local de Corea del Sud de 2018]] e le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2020]], creante stabilitate politic. Le governamento de Moon Jae-in provocava debatto social per le promotion del [[Crescentia basate sur le receptas]], le [[Controversia sur le augmento del salario minime]], le abandono del energia nuclear e le regulation de [[cryptomonetas]]. Illo anque recipeva criticas del opinion public pro su fallimento in responder al augmento del precios del immobiles. In plus, controversias sur le moralitate del governamento e del partido in poter, como le [[Escandalo de manipulation de commentarios de 2017]], le implication de figuras del partido in le [[Movimento MeToo]] in 2018, e le [[Controversia sur le nomination de Cho Kuk]] como Ministro de Justitia in 2019, contribueva a evalutationes negative. Simultaneemente, le opposition del opinion public continuava sur le promotion del [[Equipa unite inter-corean]] in 2018, le [[Incidente del contrabando de carbon nord-corean]], e le tension in le relationes inter-corean causate per le destruction del [[Officio de Ligamine Inter-Corean]] in 2020. [[File:2024년 12월 국회 앞 윤석열 대통령 탄핵 시위.jpg|thumb|250x250pixel|[[Movimento pro le resignation de Yoon Suk-yeol]] contra le [[Lege martial de 2024 in Corea del Sud]]]] In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2022|20te election presidential]] de 2022, le candidato [[Yoon Suk-yeol]], qui habeva servite como [[Procurator General]] durante le controversia de Cho Kuk, esseva elegite per un margine stricte sub le slogan de "judicamento del governamento", realisante un transition de poter al campo conservative. Le [[Governamento de Yoon Suk-yeol]] se concentrava internemente sur le deregulation e politicas de austeritate secundo le principios del [[democratia liberal]], e externemente sur le [[Alliantia Corea-SUA]] e le melioration del [[Relationes Corea-Japon]]. Tamen, illo faceva fronte a un opinion public critic debite a errores al initio del mandato, incluse le [[Tragedia de Itaewon]], e suspiciones de implication del Seniora [[Kim Keon-hee]] in le [[Escandalo de manipulation de actiones de Deutsche Motors]]. Post le derrota massive del partido in poter, le [[Partito del Poter Popular]], in le [[Electiones legislative de Corea del Sud de 2024|22te electiones general]] de 2024, le presidente Yoon Suk-yeol, qui habeva suffrite conflictos continue con le majoritari [[Partito Democratic de Corea]], declarava subitemente le [[Lege martial de 2024 in Corea del Sud]] al fin de ille anno. Tamen, post le revocation immediate del lege martial per le Parlamento e le suspension de su functiones per le [[Impeachment de Yoon Suk-yeol]], ille esseva removite de su cargo per le acceptation del [[Corte Constitutional de Corea del Sud]]. ==== Governamento de Lee Jae-myung ==== {{AP|Governamento de Lee Jae-myung}} In le [[Election presidential de Corea del Sud de 2025|21me election presidential]], tenite anticipatemente in 2025 debite al impeachment del presidente anterior, le candidato [[Lee Jae-myung]] del [[Partito Democratic de Corea]] esseva elegite presidente, e le [[Governamento de Lee Jae-myung]] esseva inaugurate. == Vide etiam == * [[Lista de citates in Corea del Sud]] {{refer}} {{Paises de Asia}} {{elem|paises del mundo}} [[Categoria:Corea del Sud|*]] {{pecietta|politica}} srtr3oz7zq14lrgnhtr8f4puck4kxsy 0 18847 697093 632716 2026-06-09T07:26:07Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} Lumine '''infrarubie (IR)'''{{linfo}} es [[radiation electromagnetic]] de un [[longitude undic]] plus longe que isto de [[lumine vidibile]]; le spectro infrarubie comencia ab le bordo nominal de [[rubie]] vidibile a 0,7 [[micrometro (unitate)|micrometros]] (μm) e extende conventionalmente a 300 μm. Iste longitudes undic corresponde a un [[extension frequential]] de approximatemente 430 to 1 [[THz]], <ref>Dr. S. C. Liew, http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/em.htm</ref> e include le major parte del [[radiation thermal]] emittite per objectos a proxime temperatura ambiente. Microscopicamente, lumine IR es typicamente emittite o absorbite per moleculas quando illos altera lor [[spectroscopia infrarubie|rotational e vibrational]] movimentos. Lumine del sol al zenit provide un [[irradiantia]] de circa 1&nbsp;[[kilowatt]] per [[metro quadrate]] a nivello del mar. De iste energia, 527 watts es radiation infrarubie, 445 watts es [[lumine vidibile]], e 32 watts es radiation [[ultraviolette]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/spectra/am1.5/ |accessdate=2011-03-16 |archivedate=2019-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512190812/https://rredc.nrel.gov/solar//spectra/am1.5/ }}</ref> == Vide etiam == * [[color]] * [[lumine vidibile]] * [[radiation electromagnetic]] == Referentias == <references/> {{traducite|en|Infrared}} [[Categoria:Spectro electromagnetic]] pcelhxn8c7fvkxre8u7ky8gtexjuubj 102 29865 697096 696922 2026-06-09T10:32:17Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} Lista de homines con position [[Presidente del Statos Unite de America]]. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 } |wdq= |columns=label,P18,P569,P570,P1412 |sort=P569 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! label ! imagine ! data de nascentia ! data de morte ! linguas parlate o scribite |- | [[George Washington]] | [[File:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1732" | 1732-02-22<ref name="ref_9751df2336f68484d294f0436f80e92e3a551c6b30771e672bf73b636fc0b890">https://d-nb.info/gnd/11876439X/about/lds</ref><ref name="ref_649403f84288eef68c6180d9e3d62b855de86e7bfe4054fecaf86e0ede415718">http://www.anb.org/articles/02/02-00332.html</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref 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name="ref_468c043e481c34864bb51d577eda4fb49f2815ad64663b2235c7a4f106d97aea">''[[:d:Q24328034|ЭСБЕ / Адамс, Джон]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua francese|francese]]<br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]] |- | [[Thomas Jefferson]] | [[File:Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800)(cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1743" | 1743-04-02<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1826" | 1826-07-04<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_75f410066e7f65c92af7e5e0cb4798bd37f034883b838792a166eee2264e9e11">''[[:d:Q17299517|RKDartists]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb7e3691f7e193dcee107c8f43e696dbf8e7ab31ee607bd50e722e0bab724f03">''[[:d:Q523660|International Music Score Library Project]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0b6394c9b71b4096d2093e1c96ed71f61a31b392bc22d3542305c22bb29142a2">''[[:d:Q2877812|Babelio]]''</ref><ref name="ref_809bfc42b0331ca57d8bfb459567d8a5c7896619bfbd4d734e58da3bcfe648f9">''[[:d:Q21491701|KNAW Past Members]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b1be539a4dd280fc69294e971af2196dba0a74c48f48a27adc03b5af959a638">''[[:d:Q6023365|Internet Philosophy Ontology project]]''</ref><ref name="ref_39693e519a3b4bd531145c748da5e69c7198327e7f598d4477bf605c4c01d83f">https://brockhaus.de/ecs/julex/article/jefferson-thomas</ref><ref name="ref_931851ab1666964918600e8fa1634af8ac7a2b90a6cf86b2910b446e3d4af03f">''[[:d:Q103937665|Jefferson, Thomas]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_91def873cdbde77d744f48f86aa46016c6e6b9c226e31c32c3c11c543a173556">''[[:d:Q55740543|La France savante]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3af208141b863901feb8656072d4b709a0553a072437135dcee56bf291d3568c">''[[:d:Q126722605|Pedagogues and Psychologists of the World]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua francese|francese]]<br/>[[Lingua italian|italiano]]<br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Lingua grec|greco]] |- | [[James Madison]] | [[File:James Madison.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1751" | 1751-03-16<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1836" | 1836-06-28<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6708708099614cd1e16a3022275c2fd4947ff547315e02fadd7bd0a7da6c4b73">''[[:d:Q103868833|Madison, James (05 March 1751–28 June 1836), "the father of the Constitution" and fourth president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[James Monroe]] | [[File:James Monroe by Gilbert Stuart c1817.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1758" | 1758-04-28<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-07-04<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua francese|francese]] |- | [[John Quincy Adams]] | [[File:John Q. Adams-edit.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1767" | 1767-07-11<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1848" | 1848-02-23<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua francese|francese]]<br/>[[Lingua german|germano]]<br/>[[Lingua nederlandese|nederlandese]]<br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Greco ancian|lingua grec ancian]] |- | [[Andrew Jackson]] | [[File:Andrew jackson head.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1767" | 1767-03-15<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1845" | 1845-06-08<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[William Henry Harrison]] | [[File:William Henry Harrison by James Reid Lambdin, 1835.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1773" | 1773-02-09<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1841" | 1841-04-04<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_68e53db8135be6b8102e4ae06b4ebc4d36ee3704ac87bbf731541fa5b1e810e3">https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/certificate-the-death-president-harrison</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]] |- | [[Martin Van Buren]] | [[File:Martin Van Buren by Mathew Brady c1855-58 sepia original restored.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1782" | 1782-12-05<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_809bfc42b0331ca57d8bfb459567d8a5c7896619bfbd4d734e58da3bcfe648f9">''[[:d:Q21491701|KNAW Past Members]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-07-24<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_809bfc42b0331ca57d8bfb459567d8a5c7896619bfbd4d734e58da3bcfe648f9">''[[:d:Q21491701|KNAW Past Members]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fa78a8f8be188f0d2b92b8fc1aaef413054cfd2e21e679876824d8d69ffda69d">''[[:d:Q43444365|Asthma among the famous. Martin Van Buren (1792-1862), eighth president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua nederlandese|nederlandese]] |- | [[Zachary Taylor]] | [[File:Zachary Taylor 2.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1784" | 1784-11-24<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1850" | 1850-07-09<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a9f0627cb3d997348a193bdbf6cc5d89a38361ef730289686793d65b058206c6">https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/announcement-the-vice-president-the-death-president-taylor</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[John Tyler]] | [[File:WHOportTyler.jpg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_6b99b90066c0384bbaa48c1d781eb61e0a90a7836271e30b0f6abf1890d1d2cd">https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-tyler/</ref> | data-sort-value="1790" | 1790-03-29<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1862" | 1862-01-18<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Greco ancian|lingua grec ancian]] |- | [[James Buchanan]] | [[File:James Buchanan (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1791" | 1791-04-23<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1868" | 1868-06-01<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Lingua grec|greco]] |- | [[James K. Polk]] | [[File:JamesKnoxPolk.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1795" | 1795-11-02<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4206c52d58d3c1648a46c1eacfa0097fabf724f8328f2d6dd44548f08476539b">''[[:d:Q27230564|NCpedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1849" | 1849-06-15<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4206c52d58d3c1648a46c1eacfa0097fabf724f8328f2d6dd44548f08476539b">''[[:d:Q27230564|NCpedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Lingua grec|greco]] |- | [[Millard Fillmore]] | [[File:Millard Fillmore.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1800" | 1800-01-07<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref 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name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Franklin Pierce]] | [[File:Franklin Pierce.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1804" | 1804-11-23<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1869" | 1869-10-08<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Andrew Johnson]] | [[File:President Andrew Johnson.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1808" | 1808-12-29<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4206c52d58d3c1648a46c1eacfa0097fabf724f8328f2d6dd44548f08476539b">''[[:d:Q27230564|NCpedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1875" | 1875-07-31<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4206c52d58d3c1648a46c1eacfa0097fabf724f8328f2d6dd44548f08476539b">''[[:d:Q27230564|NCpedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Abraham Lincoln]] | [[File:Abraham Lincoln 1846 47 interpreted Gemini.png|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1809" | 1809-02-12<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c36c72f29db9cfaf1c92da48f13d42191614c34ede943eb9d82d9f258f6f0bf0">http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/abraham-lincoln-is-born</ref><ref name="ref_029f21bea95e05de06bc20a6e30cad0aebfbf5b86730f991764cde61b6e997a3">http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lincoln_abraham.shtml</ref><ref name="ref_9844bc45f4969868152bf8b43b8d6891f83f2f5144919b4f1f9689f004f02b8c">''[[:d:Q103867811|Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865), sixteenth president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e4f55b881529b241e268dd3ead5a85bdaaf727dc145fd2ebe9822babbc994382">https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-lincoln-and-darwin-shaped-the-modern-world-45447280/</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8281a8144a7f9896829b9934f7bdbb10157c1b2c1978fe441986b385b54a1b6b">''[[:d:Q2629164|ISFDB]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0b6394c9b71b4096d2093e1c96ed71f61a31b392bc22d3542305c22bb29142a2">''[[:d:Q2877812|Babelio]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-04-15<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0130cc8994787488a14a8912362e035c48227b0e5dae9e04e1d507013dccda8">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/april-15-1865-tragic-last-hours-abraham-lincoln</ref><ref name="ref_9844bc45f4969868152bf8b43b8d6891f83f2f5144919b4f1f9689f004f02b8c">''[[:d:Q103867811|Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865), sixteenth president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79cd06309a0a5ca5193379ba2ee2612f442f723572d072704d57fe785205731b">https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/visibleproofs/galleries/cases/lincoln.html</ref><ref name="ref_029f21bea95e05de06bc20a6e30cad0aebfbf5b86730f991764cde61b6e997a3">http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lincoln_abraham.shtml</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8281a8144a7f9896829b9934f7bdbb10157c1b2c1978fe441986b385b54a1b6b">''[[:d:Q2629164|ISFDB]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0b6394c9b71b4096d2093e1c96ed71f61a31b392bc22d3542305c22bb29142a2">''[[:d:Q2877812|Babelio]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[anglese american]] |- | [[Ulysses S. Grant]] | [[File:Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-04-27<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1885" | 1885-07-23<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] | [[File:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1822" | 1822-10-04<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1893" | 1893-01-17<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Lingua grec|greco]] |- | [[Chester A. Arthur]] | [[File:Chester A. Arthur by Abraham Bogardus.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1829" | 1829-10-05<ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1886" | 1886-11-18<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11871956|greco classic]]'' |- | [[James A. Garfield]] | [[File:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1831" | 1831-11-19<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_34e46dbfa37bac3c07eedb582f5b0c7a2996302c003e5f19915712beae24475a">''[[:d:Q10855166|The Fine Art Archive]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1881" | 1881-09-19<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_34e46dbfa37bac3c07eedb582f5b0c7a2996302c003e5f19915712beae24475a">''[[:d:Q10855166|The Fine Art Archive]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Lingua grec|greco]] |- | [[Benjamin Harrison]] | [[File:Benjamin Harrison, head and shoulders bw photo, 1896.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1833" | 1833-08-20<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1901" | 1901-03-13<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Grover Cleveland]] | [[File:Grover Cleveland - NARA - 518139 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1837" | 1837-03-18<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-06-24<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[William McKinley]] | [[File:William mckinley.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1843" | 1843-01-29<ref name="ref_dc94c0369b0c0704b1297c5e5d6c30196103b012e010ca8d43a5cc6a1cbde10b">''[[:d:Q37312|Internet Movie Database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref 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Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93525d597abfc11843208a057ab6a3214e596cb962c394ca2d936705dc4845c">''[[:d:Q3621644|Archivio Storico Ricordi]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Woodrow Wilson]] | [[File:Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1856" | 1856-12-28<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0cea21303047f48b5431165959194e6d99dc9b3afe17a9264a3a4f9612c9c52f">''[[:d:Q107212659|www.accademiadellescienze.it]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-02-03<ref 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name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0cea21303047f48b5431165959194e6d99dc9b3afe17a9264a3a4f9612c9c52f">''[[:d:Q107212659|www.accademiadellescienze.it]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua german|germano]] |- | [[William Howard Taft]] | [[File:Cabinet card of William Howard Taft by Pach Brothers - Cropped to image.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1857" | 1857-09-15<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-03-08<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref 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authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8281a8144a7f9896829b9934f7bdbb10157c1b2c1978fe441986b385b54a1b6b">''[[:d:Q2629164|ISFDB]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_91def873cdbde77d744f48f86aa46016c6e6b9c226e31c32c3c11c543a173556">''[[:d:Q55740543|La France savante]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07af80eea8b2217349d28e572c0868ba7e82fd43670ad720030deb7c8f6a7a7d">''[[:d:Q1201876|Open Library]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1919" | 1919-01-06<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ca4fc94fb0ac2743da55f8ece3ef96cd3ac76a7e28836b162749c62e2da5a96">''[[:d:Q17378135|Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8281a8144a7f9896829b9934f7bdbb10157c1b2c1978fe441986b385b54a1b6b">''[[:d:Q2629164|ISFDB]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_91def873cdbde77d744f48f86aa46016c6e6b9c226e31c32c3c11c543a173556">''[[:d:Q55740543|La France savante]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua francese|francese]]<br/>[[Lingua german|germano]]<br/>[[Lingua italian|italiano]] |- | [[Warren G. Harding]] | [[File:Warren G Harding portrait as senator June 1920.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1865" | 1865-11-02<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1923" | 1923-08-02<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Calvin Coolidge]] | [[File:President Calvin Coolidge, 1924 portrait photograph (3x4 cropped).jpeg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1872" | 1872-07-04<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1933" | 1933-01-05<ref name="ref_7ca4fc94fb0ac2743da55f8ece3ef96cd3ac76a7e28836b162749c62e2da5a96">''[[:d:Q17378135|Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Herbert Hoover]] | [[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1874" | 1874-08-10<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_210467c77a239161fa10efff111be48df9bfdd5aa580cf4187aa5dde9bba39f5">''[[:d:Q27798054|The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1964" | 1964-10-20<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_210467c77a239161fa10efff111be48df9bfdd5aa580cf4187aa5dde9bba39f5">''[[:d:Q27798054|The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua latin|latino]]<br/>[[Lingua chinese mandarin|mandarin]] |- | [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] | [[File:FDR 1944 Color Portrait.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1882" | 1882-01-30<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_310dbc1a4c1681a41f8299f8b3d2eb5bc87e17365b4ba798899aafe25393aa95">''[[:d:Q110279963|Oorlogsbronnen]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-04-12<ref name="ref_03d5f100c913b2e812387e3bf72642d55b4a39550d74a28e15b8411569c82e6a">''[[:d:Q15528672|The Cold War: A New History (1 ed.)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_310dbc1a4c1681a41f8299f8b3d2eb5bc87e17365b4ba798899aafe25393aa95">''[[:d:Q110279963|Oorlogsbronnen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua german|germano]]<br/>[[Lingua francese|francese]]<br/>[[anglese american]] |- | [[Harry S. Truman]] | [[File:TRUMAN 58-766-06 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1884" | 1884-05-08<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref 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name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_718a1e716e05ca366e03ddea6f8d8d0f957c456e123056f68f0c4529f5995bd0">''[[:d:Q18912790|Library of Congress Name Authority File]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8f065d647d301015731c42f71c45649e5c825c5480e6ae4ab72649bd9fff3413">''[[:d:Q1150348|Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]''</ref><ref name="ref_310dbc1a4c1681a41f8299f8b3d2eb5bc87e17365b4ba798899aafe25393aa95">''[[:d:Q110279963|Oorlogsbronnen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_718a1e716e05ca366e03ddea6f8d8d0f957c456e123056f68f0c4529f5995bd0">''[[:d:Q18912790|Library of Congress Name Authority File]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] | [[File:Dwight D. Eisenhower, official photo portrait, May 29, 1959.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1890" | 1890-10-14<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_dc94c0369b0c0704b1297c5e5d6c30196103b012e010ca8d43a5cc6a1cbde10b">''[[:d:Q37312|Internet Movie Database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_62a8a8a71dee1565c9753ce03c78ec5d0dbf417cde172be522aab061613bf709">''[[:d:Q103856466|Eisenhower, Dwight David (14 October 1890–28 March 1969), U.S. Army general and thirty-fourth president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_91def873cdbde77d744f48f86aa46016c6e6b9c226e31c32c3c11c543a173556">''[[:d:Q55740543|La France savante]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_310dbc1a4c1681a41f8299f8b3d2eb5bc87e17365b4ba798899aafe25393aa95">''[[:d:Q110279963|Oorlogsbronnen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6ad38bcf44918209bda88c11c1936b14329df9d4074ee4ef88e537714b50bb81">''[[:d:Q136324932|Anne Frank Knowledge Base]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-03-28<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_62a8a8a71dee1565c9753ce03c78ec5d0dbf417cde172be522aab061613bf709">''[[:d:Q103856466|Eisenhower, Dwight David (14 October 1890–28 March 1969), U.S. Army general and thirty-fourth president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_91def873cdbde77d744f48f86aa46016c6e6b9c226e31c32c3c11c543a173556">''[[:d:Q55740543|La France savante]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_310dbc1a4c1681a41f8299f8b3d2eb5bc87e17365b4ba798899aafe25393aa95">''[[:d:Q110279963|Oorlogsbronnen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6ad38bcf44918209bda88c11c1936b14329df9d4074ee4ef88e537714b50bb81">''[[:d:Q136324932|Anne Frank Knowledge Base]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] | [[File:Lyndon B. Johnson, photo portrait, leaning on chair, color cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1908" | 1908-08-27<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-22<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_70c3bb41c04c4e74e29f145065397a2885b8cb7fefd98c8d87964095ff3cbd94">''[[:d:Q13550863|Národní autority České republiky]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[Ronald Reagan]] | [[File:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1911" | 1911-02-06<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_91def873cdbde77d744f48f86aa46016c6e6b9c226e31c32c3c11c543a173556">''[[:d:Q55740543|La France savante]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004-06-05<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_91def873cdbde77d744f48f86aa46016c6e6b9c226e31c32c3c11c543a173556">''[[:d:Q55740543|La France savante]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | [[anglese american]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[Gerald Ford]] | [[File:Gerald Ford presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-07-14<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref 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name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref> |- | [[Richard Nixon]] | [[File:Richard Nixon presidential portrait.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1913" | 1913-01-09<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_9c9569741413fc2cd3934b23315b037c7c46c3a760c861b191c6a8a7d3cc246c">''[[:d:Q103873289|Nixon, Richard Milhous (09 January 1913–22 April 1994), thirty-seventh president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0b6394c9b71b4096d2093e1c96ed71f61a31b392bc22d3542305c22bb29142a2">''[[:d:Q2877812|Babelio]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref 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Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_9c9569741413fc2cd3934b23315b037c7c46c3a760c861b191c6a8a7d3cc246c">''[[:d:Q103873289|Nixon, Richard Milhous (09 January 1913–22 April 1994), thirty-seventh president of the United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0b6394c9b71b4096d2093e1c96ed71f61a31b392bc22d3542305c22bb29142a2">''[[:d:Q2877812|Babelio]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[John F. Kennedy]] | [[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1917" | 1917-05-29<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8aa285cbc79cce6633ec1022cd057bd3f4ef46687f42037874b9bf61958f13de">''[[:d:Q39845173|Frankfurter Personenlexikon]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d6422606bc2ee4732a2ddab13ce37f41a833155bca72c04426ba73f232724703">''[[:d:Q98839586|TracesOfWar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69468c245a16cd051f0941469dba192d0479ffa4f0f56cc9c298091c1ecbb5cf">''[[:d:Q101207543|AlKindi]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-11-22<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ca4fc94fb0ac2743da55f8ece3ef96cd3ac76a7e28836b162749c62e2da5a96">''[[:d:Q17378135|Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fded7aef1d55ee02519f9762a808b0bc88fa657da1816a59e0144c549e9a8ace">''[[:d:Q63056|Find a Grave]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cdef21979db91033a066302059358f4e4b21f930674db43f61ff78468b210334">''[[:d:Q15706812|filmportal.de]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8aa285cbc79cce6633ec1022cd057bd3f4ef46687f42037874b9bf61958f13de">''[[:d:Q39845173|Frankfurter Personenlexikon]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d6422606bc2ee4732a2ddab13ce37f41a833155bca72c04426ba73f232724703">''[[:d:Q98839586|TracesOfWar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69468c245a16cd051f0941469dba192d0479ffa4f0f56cc9c298091c1ecbb5cf">''[[:d:Q101207543|AlKindi]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[George H. W. Bush]] | [[File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-06-12<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec875aeb59436376ae3bca9b22aab5b87c90d11190c1703734a35406a107becf">''[[:d:Q1789619|Croatian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="2018" | 2018-11-30<ref name="ref_cb4d33fd1aa6be6094b17912c58092220fa336e6255c3ad69abe67882e8c39bc">https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/george-hw-bush-41st-president-of-the-united-states-dies-at-94/2018/11/30/42fa2ea2-61e2-11e8-99d2-0d678ec08c2f_story.html?noredirect=on</ref><ref name="ref_db6a8ee2bad51e274071952767109125c27acadc34d8a94de7b8082544b2f750">https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/bushgeorge-senior-nachruf-101.html</ref><ref name="ref_9d76824d3d1e388f56cb0b1348fd29ea97ecb810f7960b63f3731e489afc581e">https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/heute/ohne-george-bush-senior-keine-deutsche-einheit-100.html</ref><ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f91f239bf608caac333415f54e2c4a6a52535385b3ee0f511a3c8aad9f39105">''[[:d:Q107456632|abART]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_70c3bb41c04c4e74e29f145065397a2885b8cb7fefd98c8d87964095ff3cbd94">''[[:d:Q13550863|Národní autority České republiky]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[Jimmy Carter]] | [[File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1924" | 1924-10-01<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d5f26cb3b039f7981a169d6e224fa3929543e5e5ca5a60cbcdb33e2081cf18b4">''[[:d:Q504063|Discogs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0b6394c9b71b4096d2093e1c96ed71f61a31b392bc22d3542305c22bb29142a2">''[[:d:Q2877812|Babelio]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07af80eea8b2217349d28e572c0868ba7e82fd43670ad720030deb7c8f6a7a7d">''[[:d:Q1201876|Open Library]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="2024" | 2024-12-29<ref name="ref_af0c3149b6cf8293ebbef210ebb13b43b4c66000f3ce41e1cb0f17c6fa2733f6">https://www.reuters.com/world/us/former-us-president-jimmy-carter-dies-100-atlanta-journal-constitution-reports-2024-12-29/</ref><ref name="ref_cec36c255a49b1ff0027d6542eebd6876a1f313031992d16b41ecc416469f0fa">https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/12/29/jimmy-carter-president-dead/</ref><ref name="ref_e0f3031b092405e5a6ebb848868066dd9d3a7ecf5c07babdcfe8b7db3a7f9bde">https://www.ajc.com/news/former-us-president-jimmy-carter-100-dies/3ODQTR5NHVDTDF2SXOU34MKNZM/</ref> | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua espaniol|espaniol]] |- | [[Joe Biden]] | [[File:Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-11-20<ref name="ref_dc94c0369b0c0704b1297c5e5d6c30196103b012e010ca8d43a5cc6a1cbde10b">''[[:d:Q37312|Internet Movie Database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_70c3bb41c04c4e74e29f145065397a2885b8cb7fefd98c8d87964095ff3cbd94">''[[:d:Q13550863|Národní autority České republiky]]''</ref> |- | [[George W. Bush]] | [[File:George-W-Bush.jpeg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-07-06<ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_34e46dbfa37bac3c07eedb582f5b0c7a2996302c003e5f19915712beae24475a">''[[:d:Q10855166|The Fine Art Archive]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fb1f64d34c5132f5694317071ca178ed1972feacbb7953a7f9690398b08c1731">''[[:d:Q13219454|Library of Congress Authorities]]''</ref> | | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua espaniol|espaniol]]<ref name="ref_b0f52d9315495ac0a577104d00267d6082109d6e29f871f19245a0a89bbf47dd">https://www.youtube.com/shorts/7F_cIv26wkE</ref> |- | [[Bill Clinton]] | [[File:Bill Clinton.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-08-19<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_35b9c44b27059f41e1afd57e82f3d1a18bacbbcb9adc263e32918db6e938ca14">https://brockhaus.de/ecs/julex/article/bill-clinton</ref><ref name="ref_34e46dbfa37bac3c07eedb582f5b0c7a2996302c003e5f19915712beae24475a">''[[:d:Q10855166|The Fine Art Archive]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_db3d99a1e40222a7836ff836e6dfdb5b473e884559e7f11b491d3144e21f587b">''[[:d:Q3407324|Proleksis Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref> |- | [[Donald Trump]] | [[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025) (cropped)(2).jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-06-14<ref name="ref_dc94c0369b0c0704b1297c5e5d6c30196103b012e010ca8d43a5cc6a1cbde10b">''[[:d:Q37312|Internet Movie Database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5c7fb41ccb0937d85635d68c2ee5b32a1d33cc6ce6d726d3efdcf35983d3872e">http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/20110328125536753.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_d3141e79d33d42be119e8e11c3d5fbd5518b40ac0ec38b42a85581e254b9545f">http://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168</ref><ref name="ref_8b0a327cfc00f7c0d07d4d61a30e67b8df5171572af575b03421261860e5f2fa">''[[:d:Q29861311|SNAC]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f2c80df09e95b58628606a2c8a10b00cd8a6048c2ebdae04cf3f20d42f6c2393">''[[:d:Q31964|Internet Broadway Database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_01e68f4adba0edf05140c40a86fa5a109bcc7a7419480c1ae3c216831c758462">https://brockhaus.de/ecs/julex/article/trump-donald-john</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d93dab851f5a062783f73c103680ec63bc8865c6c5d40177ae8b6d19640a9a63">''[[:d:Q107343683|Munzinger Personen]]''</ref> | | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_70c3bb41c04c4e74e29f145065397a2885b8cb7fefd98c8d87964095ff3cbd94">''[[:d:Q13550863|Národní autority České republiky]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[anglese american]] |- | [[Barack Obama]] | [[File:President Barack Obama.jpg|center|48px]] | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-08-04<ref name="ref_ce4a8d367adcc3857b7eccded8854bd2b3c1b3bd2fc3444ee90b9838787b85e9">''[[:d:Q14527788|Barack Obama birth certificate]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><ref name="ref_dc94c0369b0c0704b1297c5e5d6c30196103b012e010ca8d43a5cc6a1cbde10b">''[[:d:Q37312|Internet Movie Database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4461cb82d0144c967ee80b0aa433d4075a10c70e928d7e315afb7ab452560934">http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/obama-facts.html</ref><ref name="ref_75f410066e7f65c92af7e5e0cb4798bd37f034883b838792a166eee2264e9e11">''[[:d:Q17299517|RKDartists]]''</ref><ref name="ref_47984cd472c330f9ded38c20ef895bdfa7fcf972d038158ec6f3777edbee4973">''[[:d:Q21401824|The Peerage]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0b6394c9b71b4096d2093e1c96ed71f61a31b392bc22d3542305c22bb29142a2">''[[:d:Q2877812|Babelio]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd05ff4b2e7c80737dcfea926f6951432d0720738c84d35ef2684788cb398210">''[[:d:Q98769076|GeneaStar]]''</ref><ref name="ref_beb08c37302db59faae18def7df503aa49faa56692d5237f49cc8cdcaf6046c9">''[[:d:Q83365652|Roglo]]''</ref> | | [[Lingua anglese|anglese]]<ref name="ref_8023c974aba1e9f2ff175b48ef1111017a582ed846e23b218cfdf99f7d99fe40">''[[:d:Q19938912|BnF authorities]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1b0f99fd57fe9cab119191937398ab42099888813675d6410e1093e487cb6d76">''[[:d:Q16744133|CONOR.SI]]''</ref><br/>[[Lingua indonesian|indonesiano]]<ref name="ref_d5ca1fe1e63563398946bff8331f556dc5dbdd7b70936a5520ccf6a2e6cf14aa">http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/01/24/obama-speaks-indonesian-wishes-return-menteng.html</ref> |} {{Wikidata list end}} [[Categoria:Presidentes del Statos Unite|~]] qalbu1g2ukov645auw361vmt6bdikyk 102 32803 697087 696919 2026-06-08T23:25:14Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P298 ?iso3 } |columns=item,P474,P298,P984,P41,P94,label,P242,P300,P30,P31,description |sort=P474 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! prefixo telephonic international ! ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 ! codigo de pais per IOC ! imagine del bandiera ! imagine del scuto ! label ! position geographic ! ISO 3166-2 ! continente ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q2895|Q2895]] | | BYS | | [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1981–1991).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2895|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]'' | [[File:Byelorussian SSR in the Soviet Union.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5689|Q5689]] | | ALA | | [[File:Flag of Åland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Åland 3.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5689|Åland]]'' | [[File:Ahvenanmaa sijainti Suomi.svg|center|48px]] | FI-01 | | ''[[:d:Q193512|region of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15180|Q15180]] | | SUN | URS | [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1923–1936).svg|center|48px]] | [[Union Sovietic]] | [[File:Soviet Union on the globe (Soviet Union centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<br/>[[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16645|Q16645]] | | UMI | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insulas minor peripheric del Statos Unite]] | [[File:United States Minor Outlying Island in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-UM | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q23408|Q23408]] | | BVT | | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Bouvet]] | [[File:PAT - Bouvet.gif|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25227|Q25227]] | | ANT<ref name="ref_bf25a9001b8462c071bbee32380ffaa44c643c8b3b5593348fbfcea6e912638a">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-6.pdf</ref> | AHO | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1986–2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles (1986-2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[Antillas Nederlandese]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (Caribbean special).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31063|Q31063]] | | CXR | | [[File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Natal]] | [[File:Christmas Island on globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]] | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q37024|Q37024]] | | SCG<ref name="ref_a998332fc626f8b32ec1bc2e0ca26894f577cc645a6f823d717ad80c0c92bc11">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-4.pdf</ref> | SCG | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q37024|Serbia and Montenegro]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q47863|Q47863]] | | MID | | | | ''[[:d:Q47863|Midway Atoll]]'' | [[File:Midway Atoll in United States.svg|center|48px]] | UM-71 | | ''[[:d:Q1550680|unorganized territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q83286|Q83286]] | | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yugoslavia (1963–1992).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q83286|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Yugoslavia 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129003|Q129003]] | | ATF | | [[File:Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Terres australes et antarctiques françaises.svg|center|48px]] | [[Terras Austral Francese]] | [[File:French Southern and Antarctic Lands in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-TF<ref name="ref_b358201b6f12d036d1d725230e7d6741d07c711fce3b940b1cb25462f96118c0">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR</ref> | [[Africa]]<br/>[[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129237|Q129237]] | | PCI | | [[File:Flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands seal.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q129237|Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands]]'' | [[File:TTPI-locatormap.png|center|48px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q985073|United Nations trust territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q131008|Q131008]] | | JTN | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q131008|Johnston Atoll]]'' | [[File:LocationJohnstonAtoll.png|center|48px]] | UM-67 | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>[[Atollo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139595919|reef island]]''<ref name="ref_ecbd17383f1f46dc7954797b33cfc4f55f90a08051dd0f28e2baa19799e70c36">''[[:d:Q57859044|Classifying Pacific islands]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q131198|Q131198]] | | HMD | | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Heard e Insulas de McDonald]] | [[File:Heard Island and McDonald Islands on the globe (Antarctica centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q38048753|natural cultural heritage site]]''<ref name="ref_61c66ae5b30ad6078e22b9f22c9b9b78d9794dff664cca19b7133532d8da93fd">http://data.gov.au/dataset/2016-soe-her-aus-national-heritage</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q165783|Q165783]] | | ATB | | [[File:Flag of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q165783|British Antarctic Territory]]'' | [[File:BritishAntarcticTerritory.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q189999|Q189999]] | | ATN | | [[File:Flag of Norway, state.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q189999|Queen Maud Land]]'' | [[File:Antarctica, Norway territorial claim.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q212429|Q212429]] | | FXX | | | | ''[[:d:Q212429|metropolitan France]]'' | | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q752431|Q752431]] | | NHB | | [[File:Flag of New Hebrides (1969).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Hebrides.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q752431|New Hebrides]]'' | [[File:LocationVanuatu.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q797422|Q797422]] | | HVO | VOL | [[File:Flag of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q797422|Republic of Upper Volta]]'' | [[File:LocationBurkinaFaso.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q798431|Q798431]] | | DHY | | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dahomey (1958–1964).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q798431|Republic of Dahomey]]'' | [[File:Benin in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q838261|Q838261]] | | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q838261|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q842829|Q842829]] | | SJM | | No/unknown value<br/>[[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q842829|Svalbard and Jan Mayen]]'' | [[File:Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world (W3).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1050859|Q1050859]] | | GEL | | [[File:Flag of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937–1976).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937-1979).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1050859|Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]'' | [[File:LocationGilbertandEllice.png|center|48px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1450765|Q1450765]] | | AFI | | | | ''[[:d:Q1450765|French Territory of the Afars and the Issas]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2618621|Q2618621]] | | CTE | | | | ''[[:d:Q2618621|Canton and Enderbury Islands]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3405693|Q3405693]] | | CRQ | | [[File:Flag of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3405693|Sark]]'' | [[File:Guernsey-Sark.png|center|48px]] | | | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q64953083|car-free place]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16|Q16]] | +1 | CAN | CAN | [[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Canada]] | [[File:CAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_e171e0277f9d5d9c526b1a4c0a95293daaba9cdf6db99b96253f3b627413064a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/canada</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q30|Q30]] | +1 | USA<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | USA | [[File:Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Unite de America]] | [[File:United States - Location Map (2013) - USA - UNOCHA.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_a2c50115ba8fd8fe7aad116280f4d98d9286995c98da34321d783b05ad96c032">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/united-states</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_fb44dbd8e36ba0b1337ed6b2078b4ca9e01a621aeb978bf3115574eb73965cec">https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q778|Q778]] | +1242 | BHS | BAH | [[File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahamas]] | [[File:Bahamas in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_dc208dc74ffeb5aca1f9f7fff7711206ab88f6c284cfe4b9e0550cb30d365fd6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/the-bahamas</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q244|Q244]] | +1246 | BRB | BAR | [[File:Flag of Barbados.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Barbados (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Barbados]] | [[File:BRB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_11799d3be9df75a40f35faf1d3391efa4d32ed26b946bbca02357974f9ed5627">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/barbados</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25228|Q25228]] | +1264 | AIA | | [[File:Flag of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25228|Anguilla]]'' | [[File:Anguilla on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q781|Q781]] | +1268 | ATG | ANT | [[File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda (1956–1962).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Antigua e Barbuda]] | [[File:ATG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_09f1d5ff44ff7736d3d1bae71b93da1c59b126ac12fc4617d1e90d69b88c6ddd">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/antigua-and-barbuda</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244203|monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25305|Q25305]] | +1284 | VGB | IVB | [[File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25305|British Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:British Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VG | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11703|Q11703]] | +1340 | VIR | ISV | [[File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q11703|United States Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:United States Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VI | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5785|Q5785]] | +1345 | CYM | CAY | [[File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Cayman Islands Coat of Arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5785|Cayman Islands]]'' | [[File:Cayman Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | KY | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q23635|Q23635]] | +1441 | BMU | BER | [[File:Flag of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bermuda]] | [[File:United Kingdom on the globe (Bermuda special) (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<ref name="ref_062d6a907457c2cd5018246f8dbe44927859fc0e258af56b43a0695d3e0dfd2d">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bermuda/</ref><br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q769|Q769]] | +1473 | GRD | GRN | [[File:Flag of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grenada]] | [[File:Grenada in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_3f0562f88c5f83143020992c291623aa07812993a62211117ad5a61498725aa7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/grenada</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18221|Q18221]] | +1649 | TCA | | [[File:Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q18221|Turks and Caicos Islands]]'' | [[File:Turks and Caicos Islands in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q13353|Q13353]] | +1664 | MSR | | [[File:Flag of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q13353|Montserrat]]'' | [[File:Montserrat in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>[[insula]] | |- | [[:d:Q16644|Q16644]] | +1670 | MNP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ab6934192ea8c6c60b949cb7f56be9c127a7421c2660ed39599b39c49ad0119c">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:code:3166:MP</ref> | | [[File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16644|Northern Mariana Islands]]'' | [[File:Northern Mariana Islands in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-MP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]''<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q16635|Q16635]] | +1671 | GUM | GUM | [[File:Flag of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guam]] | [[File:Guam on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-GU | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_d0f09ed15666b50e8d9a68ba9dbc619bb6d784d90a7618c64f8a2f648668f919">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gq.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16641|Q16641]] | +1684 | ASM | ASA | [[File:Flag of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16641|American Samoa]]'' | [[File:American Samoa on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-AS | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q26273|Q26273]] | +1721 | SXM | | [[File:Flag of Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Wapen van Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sint Maarten]] | [[File:Sint Maarten on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | NL-SX<br/>SX | [[America del Nord]] | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q760|Q760]] | +1758 | LCA | LCA | [[File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q760|Saint Lucia]]'' | [[File:Saint Lucia on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_fb441f96bc19e51bbad4888d2165c239dfe62ed0a81da8c4ed161778650c8b5f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/st-lucia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q784|Q784]] | +1767 | DMA | DMA | [[File:Flag of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Dominica (pais)|Dominica]] | [[File:Dominica on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_ce2ca7ee5a6aee5e4345061162899de6bc67957888919023f4aa0408e117652f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dominica</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q757|Q757]] | +1784 | VCT | VIN | [[File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Vincente e le Grenadinas]] | [[File:VCT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_e9f717b19c71c60963608cbbcd52fffbd7ee75971c650b5ac85d42c4ca5d17a4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/st-vincent-and-the-grenadines</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1183|Q1183]] | +1787<br/>+1939 | PRI | PUR | [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[Porto Rico]] | [[File:LocationPuertoRico.svg|center|48px]] | US-PR | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_dfc403209caf0578c8559357b9205638ab0e828262f336253dc24a8fdeb22bd0">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6444&context=faculty_scholarship</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7252696|Provincial deputation in Spanish America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q786|Q786]] | +1809<br/>+1829<br/>+1849 | DOM | DOM | [[File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Dominican]] | [[File:Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_2d3317b8f28cb2ab48a69a5b94320185ab9cd34a03d00ab68371545440bfbcaf">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dominican-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q754|Q754]] | +1868 | TTO | TTO | [[File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago (2025).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q754|Trinidad e Tobago]]'' | [[File:Trinidad and Tobago (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_6b24ef5766d6593f3bca14f6db720c265ecb22ed13e07a68c31c0bad40b21ebc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/trinidad-and-tobago</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q763|Q763]] | +1869 | KNA | SKN | [[File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Kitts e Nevis]] | [[File:KNA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_572a680bf2df81619d989b05b7e918f4e013ffc89fac4dcf74747630757dc0ad">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/st-kitts-and-nevis</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais insular caribe |- | [[:d:Q766|Q766]] | +1876 | JAM | JAM | [[File:Flag of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jamaica]] | [[File:Jamaica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_29e2b19937e6da0259be4f72a6eb2f505c9ce8dd4ebc4b84b148e0a76e890ec8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/jamaica</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]''<ref name="ref_7fd3330f2d80033c175da2dfd52ded267e02db5ca01cb0080f78f14d38bee1ac">''[[:d:Q87326082|МСЭ2/Ямайка]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q79|Q79]] | +20 | EGY | EGY | [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Egypto]] | [[File:EGY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ed424f60b984d0f7e4fbdf509c1407bc29f1273d084de2e07da8d3b59211bc0d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/egypt</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q958|Q958]] | +211<ref name="ref_75070a596399354e56de25935a4456671bf660c31ae1108e470be9e01babf2c6">http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Country+New+Number+Country+Code+211+Officially+Assigned+To+South+Sudan.aspx</ref> | SSD | SSD | [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthSudan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_3ad676ef4ff211fdab637b8c1fbeb62388cd3b4d7539610cca0866b5ec1d6a6f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/south-sudan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1028|Q1028]] | +212 | MAR | MAR | [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Marocco]] | [[File:Morocco WS-excluded (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7fe6c7628fb1d2077eccf0ed994887b11a993b407cd4bc92a569c96b51db30b6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/morocco</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q6250|Q6250]] | +212 | ESH | | | | [[Sahara Occidental]] | [[File:Location Western Sahara AU Africa.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q262|Q262]] | +213 | DZA | ALG | [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of Algeria (bronze effect).svg|center|48px]] | [[Algeria]] | [[File:Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ee95f4536e5a883aedf388ace8d9cdb0f5ce274fd904d98594462ed3604d1235">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/algeria</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_0d68ad2342f20c5aedf1007877b78f219bf3c78c3bafc42a9ec6a9bf41b84f47">''[[:d:Q111513095|Algérie, la tierce rive en Méditerranée]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q948|Q948]] | +216<ref name="ref_5e89d1a314dd29839cdb51eedeeac8edf77cced867af145d85275b4d4f93297a">http://www.lincmad.com/world.html</ref><ref name="ref_32afd4aaf77ac08422830adc1157b155457aa0b10f5598cc364ccd262778e3dc">https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164D-2016-PDF-E.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_7973cab252e7ab99b8674d2a939c3d0347e6d9452b837eccc968be606349fc51">http://www.wtng.info/wtng-216-tn.html</ref> | TUN | TUN | [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tunisia]] | [[File:Tunisia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ac576d7796fb72c4a756c7d4ca4266554dd3db3d387207612ab0c25aa0ed1eee">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tunisia</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1016|Q1016]] | +218 | LBY | LBA | [[File:Flag of Libya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg|center|48px]] | [[Libya]] | [[File:Libya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7e38f88226d0b9ae38c754fa7562839a0ea71de798c8df4f53e4272c480dc61d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/libya</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1005|Q1005]] | +220 | GMB | GAM | [[File:Flag of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gambia]] | [[File:Gambia (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_80edda68a00697376c3eea9450e37159a7541dc0fe4aeec63b7c53b3da7dfa30">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/the-gambia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1041|Q1041]] | +221 | SEN | SEN | [[File:Flag of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Senegal]] | [[File:LocationSenegal.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_3d3b7f537cc23372add2ccb60849cb34789a8b935fd6a7f97b7b055676874a90">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/senegal</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1025|Q1025]] | +222 | MRT | MTN | [[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Seal of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritania]] | [[File:LocationMauritania.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5e70311e8908f1020e1c20e67f022310cf140c2b943ba9ff4dfc7fc7cd2fbfb7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritania</ref> | [[Republica islamic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q912|Q912]] | +223 | MLI | MLI | [[File:Flag of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mali]] | [[File:Mali (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d57e8ee5b41d783aa6987e6fc110bb141ff779fe93cdd6eef507978d1039b307">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mali</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1006|Q1006]] | +224 | GIN | GUI | [[File:Flag of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea]] | [[File:Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_b37c6657d01d288c2c6f56657182225ef8b81d696802693da55a3391c1482a0e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guinea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1008|Q1008]] | +225 | CIV | CIV | [[File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ivory Coast (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa de Ebore]] | [[File:CIV orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_407653e0871137b25d1f805a69a6c73a331e192b4b29789fbbd06bc849013d31">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cote-d-ivoire</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_ca070e9a5eb15c3dccfde88694c68f2863907488ea9e5eec31ad0622694ece24">https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/cote-d-ivoire/presentation-de-la-cote-d-ivoire/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_0dad73dd85c33cae8349a2e2ca72f0917d0ffc3785f00eede7e40d57c79381da">https://www.presidence.ci/presentation-ci/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q965|Q965]] | +226 | BFA | BUR | [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg|center|48px]] | [[Burkina Faso]] | [[File:BFA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5964f81f18ecdaff0f7e224d8b8c637c58d73620022c3ef2b6317605d1f49963">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/burkina-faso</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1032|Q1032]] | +227 | NER | NIG | [[File:Flag of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[Niger]] | [[File:LocationNiger.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7bf28e07b81e655cb04dde3e6f298819601bdf0e3a33dfa8048ab006e00eb8a2">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/niger</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q945|Q945]] | +228 | TGO | TOG | [[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries du Togo.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_fffc7b435c279fc8e3b1f7f88e349523ca571e2226ff624cc2995bee274222ae">https://novissi.gouv.tg/en/home-new-en/</ref> | [[Togo]] | [[File:Togo on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_9b84245c581d4eb0c6d5286c3a008d0d2c41f9a57f4c5fe3987adaa802884588">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/togo</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q962|Q962]] | +229 | BEN | BEN | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Benin]] | [[File:Benin (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5f18767bd2d98da3806a4be03fc3e0914161790d0489a7458a73e6e4df7f3652">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/benin</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1027|Q1027]] | +230 | MUS | MRI | [[File:Flag of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritio]] | [[File:Mauritius (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_cd7c9c5c115de492113d029f3708fa8b03faa30e67fd271d607256934089be12">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritius</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_cd7c9c5c115de492113d029f3708fa8b03faa30e67fd271d607256934089be12">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritius</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1014|Q1014]] | +231 | LBR | LBR | [[File:Flag of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liberia]] | [[File:Liberia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_868cd0a7e8501049422594c75ef7c0e7c364d3647d871ef7998c0a37a4085157">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/liberia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1044|Q1044]] | +232 | SLE | SLE | [[File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sierra Leone]] | [[File:Sierra Leone (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_78eb41018084cad06dfc1204555bfb6bc9603332ae5be910a6b475bbcd95da36">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sierra-leone</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q117|Q117]] | +233 | GHA | GHA | [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ghana]] | [[File:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_764eb912fc07e35ce8a25c3b8b210b7412379c722d24082650b3de9744a90880">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ghana</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1033|Q1033]] | +234 | NGA | NGR | [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nigeria]] | [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_bf7ab02390aa28ad9c923dcdfdba88d815a2df540c887ede6da7c0db60a0dede">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/nigeria</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b8c50fa2d8e3156c148a83db2383a7989df01611ed6cdf3e2f2974120c846783">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_7c16b139c1c51716df89b9fa1b129d4c530567a8ed5b275075fd91aaa2b1a2f9">https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm</ref><ref name="ref_85f1e39a5788c1aa07c69ec708f789307f51c414537a388e555de05af05c6fc5">https://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Nigeria%20overview%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_76c1c3d9335871d3018c93daa405050159f0c30ae60630766a04d7d5a9c48396">https://www.forbes.com/places/nigeria/?sh=171606ed4b80</ref><ref name="ref_20e6f4914c5b7943b46d51c4f77d5302928b5e184ea5d6fa9bb5b6d4bc73b833">https://www.lonelyplanet.com/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_ac96336048c4cbe3228acfb72a8083a12fdf9afbfeb00ef881255ae3f37b5dd7">https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/nigeria/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q657|Q657]] | +235 | TCD | CHA | [[File:Flag of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tchad]] | [[File:TCD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_093e9b3617bf3a7edb26bce4dc4e4b1128e50c15e45160dfc6e401040f81d570">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/chad</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q929|Q929]] | +236 | CAF | CAF | [[File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Centroafrican]] | [[File:CAF orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_4b47c62a69dfeac290d5413d021f657bd6aa45f5c0c9471c4bce26618d61aa65">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/central-african-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q1009|Q1009]] | +237 | CMR | CMR | [[File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Camerun]] | [[File:CMR orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d20e0d837999104a09d98560c25da0c1abaee593df6f8d5cd402c7fc67be1237">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cameroon</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1011|Q1011]] | +238 | CPV | CPV | [[File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg|center|48px]] | [[Capo Verde]] | [[File:CPV orthographic NaturalEarth.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_3357aaa6b6e577600ac27a0eee2a61668a2659ecdfa4ad79e4969df1cf5f6171">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cabo-verde</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1039|Q1039]] | +239 | STP | STP | [[File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[São Tomé e Príncipe]] | [[File:Sao Tome and Principe on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_94f880423f8876888de93690d580a38559b71ebab1a3afb7fda0708c1741963b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sao-tome-and-principe</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4198907|parliamentary republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q158454|biosphere reserve]]''<ref name="ref_f15cce0aaf4bcc7168adeb395beefca9131e69ae44ffbb3ed154c895c8968bd8">https://www.rfi.fr/fr/environnement/20250927-l-unesco-d%C3%A9signe-26-nouvelles-r%C3%A9serves-de-biosph%C3%A8re-dont-l-%C3%AEle-de-s%C3%A3o-tom%C3%A9-et-principe</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q983|Q983]] | +240 | GNQ | GEQ | [[File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea Equatorial]] | [[File:GNQ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_b546b878db5c1e3df6a721f9a40187e57b40547f563f650b4b5dfd3f833cfd22">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/equatorial-guinea</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1000|Q1000]] | +241 | GAB | GAB | [[File:Flag of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gabon]] | [[File:Gabon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_0999b25be8bb5308dedff7663f3b7af24eea6a5ee116b573189107227ff29588">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/gabon</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q971|Q971]] | +242 | COG | CGO | [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica del Congo]] | [[File:LocationRepublicoftheCongo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_86686282cb84d15b07d8af7a9af14e9e25c3afdbee5412730461876f2a5e11ef">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/congo</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q974|Q974]] | +243 | COD | COD | [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (black spear).svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Democratic del Congo]] | [[File:COD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ed806c47cd810026be18b273086c4a0bce497d753577b6badca4efc5741bf580">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-rep-congo</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ed806c47cd810026be18b273086c4a0bce497d753577b6badca4efc5741bf580">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-rep-congo</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q916|Q916]] | +244 | AGO | ANG | [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[Angola]] | [[File:Angola (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_43e908f02d57f4e04d4c97ead4830eee0748c5289b4804757e33bc11ce7ee885">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/angola</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1007|Q1007]] | +245 | GNB | GBS | [[File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea-Bissau]] | [[File:Guinea-Bissau on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_f6e9d3d38179dc6428bb907333e2bbe8c43f333436d77a9671070f601fd72daf">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guinea-bissau</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q43448|Q43448]] | +246 | IOT | | [[File:Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q43448|British Indian Ocean Territory]]'' | [[File:British Indian Ocean Territory on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q192184|Q192184]] | +247<br/>+27<br/>+290 | SHN | | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q192184|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]'' | [[File:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31890709|Q31890709]] | +247 | ASC | | [[File:Flag of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q31890709|Ascension]]'' | | SH-AC<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<ref name="ref_28e067ba6d443e585cc6bae200ecabedea38d4555441bfa6e50598093c75548b">''[[:d:Q1194038|Geographic Names Server]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1042|Q1042]] | +248 | SYC | SEY | [[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[Seychelles]] | [[File:SYC orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_f9f1b404f98d745554d8407c28c693b61b03004cb428c553574d86973dcb54d3">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/seychelles</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1049|Q1049]] | +249 | SDN | SUD | [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan]] | [[File:Sudan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_8754a1422e0bab03629555e9b4197b99533e6965af8742fd10369e08dd5ae6f6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sudan</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1088391|rump state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1037|Q1037]] | +250 | RWA | RWA | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ruanda]] | [[File:LocationRwanda.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_30e70b61f5d9350df30630fecb2b58752cddae729d177d4989a865fcfe3cbd8b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/rwanda</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q115|Q115]] | +251 | ETH | ETH | [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ethiopia]] | [[File:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_edc2fab86e50cec4422ea17373796e8bf33c96df1568995feb78f6aff375f401">''[[:d:Q87326639|МСЭ2/Эфиопия]]''</ref><ref name="ref_827fd2f42dc61f872c0ef41b7b34f8cfa5795fdf443c0db470cc9144b7cb32df">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ethiopia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_edc2fab86e50cec4422ea17373796e8bf33c96df1568995feb78f6aff375f401">''[[:d:Q87326639|МСЭ2/Эфиопия]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1045|Q1045]] | +252 | SOM | SOM | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Somalia]] | [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)2.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_e00d7da220a8570d8c21f3e5ecb549474fb0d3ca5dfb3b5481417e5a9a7fc2d0">https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Somalia;4169147.html</ref><ref name="ref_ab54ba9bbaed152730dfaca4b87a26581fef0a018ab9d4440ad47a7148aee172">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/somalia</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q977|Q977]] | +253 | DJI | DJI | [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Djibuti]] | [[File:Djibouti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_edb9210d1f33512c9b2e4c283bd3111f992bec0fcf02dc288f7db18596b87b0e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/djibouti</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | pais de Africa |- | [[:d:Q114|Q114]] | +254 | KEN | KEN | [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kenya (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Kenya]] | [[File:Kenya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7fe23413cfa8cc8f594b7429792f91299730e0f35a44a5ff91dc250b2d7cefa0">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kenya</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q924|Q924]] | +255 | TZA | TAN | [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tanzania]] | [[File:Tanzania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_b832e4a1abfe6aeb0fa4b3bd6518bd955b8fdd2387b7e6b9ffe61a4413bcd83a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tanzania</ref> | [[republica]]<ref name="ref_66afe8a0af55b4c72538a606d569b267b8291b8e859cb3431b45dfa5e7e740d0">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1036|Q1036]] | +256 | UGA | UGA | [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uganda]] | [[File:Uganda (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ca313d9a5c34631458f5293cc2377562c8fcabf68f6f5c3aafbbafaec8ebf5d4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uganda</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_96c78443365f47d6b9190ab9c0a9f169f7cc2ed3f7942acfef00afdbabc34b44">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/what-uganda-has-gone-through-since-1962--4787868#story</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q967|Q967]] | +257 | BDI | BDI | [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Burundi]] | [[File:Burundi (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_da83a16073ca8fd5065adcb0e7e6c916123f70236d0dd5b67ae3499ab33a4765">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/burundi</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6cac7bdde4be279b526ef08604ad918b112e3faa287696c1b915fbb81f2f4f0b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1029|Q1029]] | +258 | MOZ | MOZ | [[File:Flag of Mozambique (1974–1975).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Mozambique.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mozambique]] | [[File:Mozambique (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_c00027422ebc98e9b9a93e17dde4b494de50fad77bdc2d30d007e9d18b7fea61">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mozambique</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q953|Q953]] | +260 | ZMB | ZAM | [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zambia]] | [[File:Zambia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_f33f7da773f54e96f1f031902c01c743d43e8c7b4bc2097744109b40bbe5bfdb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/zambia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1019|Q1019]] | +261 | MDG | MAD | [[File:Flag of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Madagascar]] | [[File:MDG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7f77aada61884fa2e07e488f8f9f265ddc7904291d07a68b8832730785fbc4cd">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/madagascar</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17063|Q17063]] | +262 | MYT | | [[File:Flag of Mayotte (Local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Mayotte.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q17063|Mayotte]]'' | [[File:Mayotte (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-976 | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q17070|Q17070]] | +262 | REU | | [[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Réunion.svg|center|48px]] | [[Reunion]] | [[File:Département 974 in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-974 | [[Africa]] | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q954|Q954]] | +263 | ZWE | ZIM | [[File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zimbabwe]] | [[File:LocationZimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d5722fe0537cb5a5e7c27c67a8f413daa932cd5a87b5817ece423b7e7cabc73a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/zimbabwe</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1030|Q1030]] | +264 | NAM | NAM | [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Namibia]] | [[File:LocationNamibia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d648354f17344fc616dbc2270eafa426f710d848c89f5d67dded07dfb8f13b23">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/namibia</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1020|Q1020]] | +265 | MWI | MAW | [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malawi]] | [[File:LocationMalawi.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ec0a43d9c70b905117bd8563e77de7f3ed50e42caddcfaf2ad01ab2205b2c573">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malawi</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1013|Q1013]] | +266 | LSO | LES | [[File:Flag of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lesotho]] | [[File:Lesotho (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_a29a68435169aae19610bac77ae706a93a8195152d416fc9764d782f0a3df451">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lesotho</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q963|Q963]] | +267 | BWA | BOT | [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Botswana]] | [[File:Botswana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_0daac7d680dd6eeb4c12f04e6a412000c70d57bdc03b315e279e490f62f63344">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/botswana</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1050|Q1050]] | +268 | SWZ | SWZ | [[File:Flag of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[Eswatini]] | [[File:Location Eswatini.png|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5d90bc90a2a32192880fa038f13ddcc43a369ed2aa94d56c667901da8408ced1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/eswatini</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais in Africa |- | [[:d:Q970|Q970]] | +269 | COM | COM | [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[Comores]] | [[File:Comoros (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_aa0206c562d2b4f753a32b37af1bf862bec7f35e26ef7e5a40e21f1388193cdb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/comoros</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q258|Q258]] | +27 | ZAF | RSA | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|center|48px]] | [[Africa del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthAfrica.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_6dd295942ca33418478ee7e92381e7b39e612a8688e8065c0efd5f6b104b0238">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/south-africa</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q986|Q986]] | +291 | ERI | ERI | [[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg|center|48px]] | [[Eritrea]] | [[File:Eritrea (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_55c0f57c296108bdac91dac571469eab5712aa66cc56e9853a861cc3e22e1d28">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/eritrea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q21203|Q21203]] | +297 | ABW | ARU | [[File:Flag of Aruba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Aruba wapen.svg|center|48px]] | [[Aruba]] | [[File:Aruba in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-AW | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q4628|Q4628]] | +298 | FRO | FRO | [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Feroe]] | [[File:Europe-Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | pais constitutive del Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q223|Q223]] | +299 | GRL | | [[File:Flag of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Groenlandia]] | [[File:Greenland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | DK-GL | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_e1a1438fffe26481dcce7a3a041a830eca669d0de2adf0aaaaa56bd581a8ce1d">http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/nth/og/pubs/prosp/c6_ba-eng.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]'' | Pais autonome intra le Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | +30 | GRC | GRE | [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grecia]] | [[File:Greece on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_fbcd7da80077a1bc2938b596c96446109645525fc27e4c3c5b470d37779a5e20">http://www.britannica.com/nations/Greece</ref><ref name="ref_919eb75a9d61674a213fc961a84ae3d02bc6358d230df24385ec1cfca9d01dfd">http://www.justgreece.org</ref><ref name="ref_bbccf96b5d48698decad5413c8b90dacd924a8ba54e80d8c7e2a8f52fe06c774">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html</ref><ref name="ref_c2d67b9e3a07d872ee28f66d2f0e22aa78db5c8eb2e9b18c4acd26b41f3eea1f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/greece</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_c2d67b9e3a07d872ee28f66d2f0e22aa78db5c8eb2e9b18c4acd26b41f3eea1f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/greece</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q29999|Q29999]] | +31<ref name="ref_fdf1ab678fe59093d6331cd3a6439e9bdb1149acefa85346c0263c5ac6f4e3cd">http://www.countrycallingcodes.com/country.php?country=Netherlands</ref> | NLD | | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno del Paises Basse]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (special marker).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | +32 | BEL | BEL | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belgica]] | [[File:EU-Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_595bd2d9063b0d63ab50f51fdaf3e73b9865533f726f11989b931e54cd295aa2">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/belgium</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | +33 | FRA | FRA | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_24586f4cbffe0665081df82c9c5e73f79348356487223b2dc34f514cfc958a02">https://www.europe1.fr/politique/info-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943</ref> | [[File:Arms of the French Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Francia]] | [[File:EU-France (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_a92d077c5f3818620affb2a5d7c48fa8255ac5b86d0bca5eb9961dbcf2aaf058">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/france</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_a92d077c5f3818620affb2a5d7c48fa8255ac5b86d0bca5eb9961dbcf2aaf058">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/france</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | +34 | ESP | ESP<br/>SPA<ref name="ref_441ce199c513a152aef7457e8d9baa34eaaafd6b369d45f9de3c14d47f6defc1">''[[:d:Q180672|list of IOC country codes]]''</ref> | [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de España (variant).svg|center|48px]] | [[Espania]] | [[File:Spain on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_816656db543d7f192ac0f5eedc1b0406efcaf2501630b58d76d99c4105e7ce6b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/spain</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_816656db543d7f192ac0f5eedc1b0406efcaf2501630b58d76d99c4105e7ce6b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/spain</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_f6e643aeb8317c43addd1338add17398b2150b82005b8eb7fe9f4a62db4f1a20">https://www.miteco.gob.es/content/dam/miteco/es/biodiversidad/temas/espacios-protegidos/pbl_rn_region_mediterranea_tcm30-197189.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179671|nation state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1410|Q1410]] | +350 | GIB | | [[File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[File:Gibraltar location in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q900119|United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]''<ref name="ref_48b69b1d187d696733b5fe4c026ed451633a131e2317cfa1a73d9d01cc933ea8">http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>[[citate]]<ref name="ref_90fc85d406f4fa37137ab499b9cce2bfdb857196e9342ab74d8f58415463d6c8">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62710553</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | +351 | PRT | POR | [[File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Portugal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Portugal]] | [[File:Portugal on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_7dd3b4f770cc92367bf28c3810ee5f21e0cc00e546274fe622cc301b1595ad35">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/portugal</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_7dd3b4f770cc92367bf28c3810ee5f21e0cc00e546274fe622cc301b1595ad35">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/portugal</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | +352 | LUX | LUX | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[Luxemburg]] | [[File:EU-Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_6f6b9cbeea5b73d80fca82c231fa303dace021cea2b19f981218c30adced2e96">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/luxembourg</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | +353 | IRL | IRL | [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica de Irlanda]] | [[File:EU-Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_0226aa9a6623e7b13b638119210b88dfc56094dcf1b162eba78e05b6cfb6b67b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html</ref><ref name="ref_3c60a482042fbb74b4f5bbbd1cbad0afee30c87787c812bc10f5b7a2791441f0">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ireland</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q189|Q189]] | +354 | ISL | ISL | [[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Islanda]] | [[File:Iceland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_2f30bc0710ff0e3662171c0fc9fd97ca39729aade81cead0ece7873b13f2d2a1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/iceland</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q222|Q222]] | +355 | ALB | ALB | [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Albania]] | [[File:Albania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_097291be158962d4fd9a39cf0bee371c5e32d0cc0583316874812456c0448b29">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/albania</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | +356 | MLT | MLT | [[File:Flag of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malta]] | [[File:EU-Malta.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_b7d4225b765f9a3f3a6ee09618f7d4756f4eeed6e4278db7bd84c056a17e386e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malta</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b7d4225b765f9a3f3a6ee09618f7d4756f4eeed6e4278db7bd84c056a17e386e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malta</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | +357 | CYP | CYP | [[File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cyprus (2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[Cypro]] | [[File:EU-Cyprus highlighted.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_1d71be780813515197a846a13da1d3e1bbdc5470c1e3a52b378998a62e8c7f47">https://books.google.com/books?id=_bF8n8DaQtoC</ref><ref name="ref_89890a7a7bc1588181d8bf35632c151e020ed8b05fc81718d88ba90b328f393d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cyprus</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | +358 | FIN | FIN | [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Finlandia]] | [[File:Finland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_b2fbbe130ed7a86b3cbf749b9ae5e393e0a863eed9fff73c9888f286f28a1c86">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/finland</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_318da0135bfb25d1f42d651688f070b4056ca932b27cf562763c8b665a912c1c">''[[:d:Q14334357|Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | +359 | BGR | BUL | [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[File:Bulgaria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_c15d54ddab3e72940b361236236fc06bc4dff3d83613ac2db29c9204711c91f4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bulgaria</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | +36 | HUN | HUN | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hungaria]] | [[File:EU-Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_953180b37fdb8af1a50baf297e99d796da7fca898ce1c64dc2b6b39273134fb7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/hungary</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_4483f66877946ec33f67c3904523e9d019870bd6fd337507938223bc808df79f">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q43|Q43]] | +36<ref name="ref_1469c45d8c5bc6b566b5bd5ef8a84d55c944ca058a1c8f2f7e8c9047f8037c2c">https://www.mistikalem.com/bilim/teknoloji/turkiyenin-uluslararasi-telefon-kodu-neden-36-iken-90-oldu-haberi-16868</ref><br/>+90<ref name="ref_1469c45d8c5bc6b566b5bd5ef8a84d55c944ca058a1c8f2f7e8c9047f8037c2c">https://www.mistikalem.com/bilim/teknoloji/turkiyenin-uluslararasi-telefon-kodu-neden-36-iken-90-oldu-haberi-16868</ref> | TUR | TUR | [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Turchia]] | [[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_9d123b803345e5f5fd93f6ed7b47471adbabd6d11e687cc8abae11a1010b52ab">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/turkey</ref><br/>[[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_9e59fb0cade2e24af05b8139af1c56c8541241a8b9a620ca0b1c15c7c4c3fc35">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q339834|regional power]]''<br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16957|Q16957]] | +37 | DDR | GDR | [[File:Flag of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State arms of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Democratic German]] | [[File:East Germany 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | +370 | LTU | LTU | [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lituania]] | [[File:Lithuania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_79a1fa5e385278944beec646bc8f107e57e651278d8346fc564118944b938877">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lithuania</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | +371 | LVA | LAT | [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lettonia]] | [[File:Latvia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_7479e1fb1e27d7411d1ffd3322266c5f8c8e1729f809fb7e5f9fe281e087b395">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/latvia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | republica in le nord de Europa |- | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | +372 | EST | EST | [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Estonia]] | [[File:EU-Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_89858635d1d4e1e5cf622dbd9ab76a49f5468813d004350e3380e228dd35b83d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/estonia</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_89858635d1d4e1e5cf622dbd9ab76a49f5468813d004350e3380e228dd35b83d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/estonia</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_54e342fdf5e3df1445603c89567af796e487dcfef339f4a0ae5ed1b3fe9ffe09">https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/521052015001/consolide/current</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q217|Q217]] | +373 | MDA | MDA | [[File:Flag of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[Moldavia]] | [[File:Location Moldova Europe.png|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_18ec1cec48f5ad51ce97a6876b0c6db3d720e58b0ad76e42e68bf5b1836a8230">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/moldova</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q399|Q399]] | +374 | ARM | ARM | [[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Armenia]] | [[File:Armenia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_5456e2b473ba6d1537df5b7e21d19f742275ee23ad78827658777b14690b939b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/armenia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais eurasian del Caucaso Sud |- | [[:d:Q184|Q184]] | +375 | BLR | BLR | [[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belarus (2020–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Bielorussia]] | [[File:Belarus on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_d249a9563d71da3c3f5d6459610dfca1efa9663c5a5ceff9f792ef86b4a59c48">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/belarus</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q228|Q228]] | +376 | AND | AND | [[File:Flag of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[Andorra]] | [[File:Andorra on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_332debc29b1bcc8f4b944ce17dc1c2f3f0cbad9f9e18c7814e5af20bc64c5faa">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/andorra</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q235|Q235]] | +377 | MCO | MON | [[File:Flag of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Monaco (principato)|Monaco]] | [[File:Monaco on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_235dc882e6b895d848f43fc4df01ad49b7ad2acd7a54e338bd4a5c0aff6708ae">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/monaco</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[Principato]]<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q238|Q238]] | +378 | SMR | SMR | [[File:Flag of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[San Marino]] | [[File:Location San Marino Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_f0a15b91b618e1b83cee389e1150eeeda64872ac241f3a1605e645b0d76f1254">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/san-marino</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q244381|microstate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q237|Q237]] | +379<ref name="ref_bc9e3e7286431ef16ca38929df8897e9bcd1dc5065fcdd2b34861b72b58ee370">https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164D-11-2011-PDF-E.pdf</ref> | VAT | | [[File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Citate Vatican]] | [[File:Location of the Vatican City in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570116|attraction touristic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q98116669|religious complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19691007|institutional complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7396640|sacerdotal state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q212|Q212]] | +380 | UKR | UKR | [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_5ed3251867e0b91b05961b69a825c79af31d20592aa1b6c6c02c084f36419866">''[[:d:Q127974|flag of Ukraine]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[Ukraina]] | [[File:Ukraine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_d7f3fbf911ccc5e0cabba1efbe3a7d2fe53e36a359a9eb710109378e62030924">''[[:d:Q4041526|Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d8fc93073faf2413a7418e9dcfa2147fe213392313ac54f77016b70c806e0b7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ukraine</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6ffc63bfb6be52fa62e52df154cb155bb3608a135ef80e4f6f72beb583682da2">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html</ref><ref name="ref_7f356e30362b34841f34d2d2aa38ba88bf15d98584825e43e49f099d271bd872">http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30096/Ukraine</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<ref name="ref_26acfc01b6c3b5a18a274ccd29ed3d723b814fc3cbec9643244ef3238ffb54cf">''[[:d:Q1048515|political world map]]''</ref> | pais de Europa oriental |- | [[:d:Q403|Q403]] | +381 | SRB | SRB | [[File:Flag of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Serbia]] | [[File:Europe-Serbia (2006–2008).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_56178fb2b3ba2afb7bf8122966b7655d29662167cb1f249ac845318eb480993e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/serbia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q236|Q236]] | +382 | MNE | MNE | [[File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[Montenegro]] | [[File:LocationMontenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_2cb60dd1db08471e0e95accfd5f62ff8f6c8b16268cef03b4e69cc8e935f7a98">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/montenegro</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1246|Q1246]] | +383 | XKS | KOS | [[File:Flag of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kosovo]] | [[File:Europe-Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | +385 | HRV | CRO | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Croatia]] | [[File:EU-Croatia (orthographic projection).png|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_3672a2a82782c55b216fc45d48687811ab5a0e821a47ce40e8a5b5579b5701eb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/croatia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | +386 | SVN | SLO | [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[File:EU-Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_3a191855b72e446ee66c8c377ac37367f78b5eace54eb970b2408cdfd3731602">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/slovenia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q22909549|unitary parliamentary republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q225|Q225]] | +387 | BIH | BIH | [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bosnia e Herzegovina]] | [[File:Bosnia and Herzegovina (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_d8d30cea60639f17b5f61e0794e2d456119e9b044d21fe6a6afc3122899e34a4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bosnia-and-herzegovina</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_b8423ba8340e8b33fb505561ed0125432eb23a2565c8790412ae86b19bd45f82">https://www.ustavnisud.ba/public/down/USTAV_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_engl.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q221|Q221]] | +389 | MKD | MKD | [[File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macedonia del Nord|Republica del Macedonia del Nord]] | [[File:North Macedonia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_36b85b5b3863115ec3948b3809826e138d217113d38e743f3554e586eeb08575">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/north-macedonia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | +39 | ITA | ITA | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[Italia]] | [[File:Italy on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_fe4898b5ac99c11de0a2928de4169b888882f4443640945f2f432a910b4853d6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/italy</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | Italia es un pais del sud de Europa, membro del Union Europee |- | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | +40 | ROU | ROU | [[File:Flag of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Romania]] | [[File:Romania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_3d755d4b97dd1829ec35094fc9d098713ef5e2284882ef097aad95113b338f4b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/romania</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q39|Q39]] | +41 | CHE | SUI | [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_ab7fc05533a6a1045f2ce8ad338b0792ed51296f1397b7e775499d19e43c8e57">https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20091656/index.html#app1ahref0</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Switza]] | [[File:Switzerland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_dd92ac4d34f2a75f0a50a741fe8e7d2946841a2df58853aef2804394d2df61a5">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/switzerland</ref> | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | republica federal in Europa occidental |- | [[:d:Q33946|Q33946]] | +42 | CSK | TCH | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1960–1990).svg|center|48px]] | [[Checoslovachia]] | [[File:Czechoslovakia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | +420<ref name="ref_df79ecfd6cebe09b4d21d14e878829878d442d477e525f5c08223b432e633c9c">https://www.itu.int/oth/T0202.aspx?parent=T0202</ref> | CZE | CZE | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Chec]] | [[File:EU-Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_8645e6affd6454487e5530ed31ed7a90de88f9b018af1bac5423f56ba4bfad7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/czech-republic</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_8645e6affd6454487e5530ed31ed7a90de88f9b018af1bac5423f56ba4bfad7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/czech-republic</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_3e5b9bab813465412853331eda013f076fbcdd7ad1a4220fc096b9ec9c3819bf">''[[:d:Q2948382|Constitution of the Czech Republic]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | +421 | SVK | SVK | [[File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovachia]] | [[File:EU-Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_1424c4194101285151107afadf98760d8d7016023fc10c482db8b7d6ec89b87f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/slovak-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q347|Q347]] | +423 | LIE | LIE | [[File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[File:Liechtenstein on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_0d937f1eaa0a8ce3c1dbab48fbc6a3a1758a45e720a52f371696280451670afc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/liechtenstein</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | +43 | AUT | AUT | [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Austria]] | [[File:EU-Austria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_e33536185a3a577767c4df8815505e3839cdb3ac340226ff3e9f0263fb53a77a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/austria</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_e33536185a3a577767c4df8815505e3839cdb3ac340226ff3e9f0263fb53a77a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/austria</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | +44 | GBR | GBR | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_2e1423dcb8b790e2e90a3897a27b6871f1f66485f3fef42b8884658e2a229779">https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/resources/union-flag-approved-designs</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, variant 2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno Unite]] | [[File:Europe-UK.svg|center|48px]] | GB-UKM | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_dfdffa9d57b2fb35a670d3ccd0f5108d106431f778afe76ae9340c6b22d4a968">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/united-kingdom</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_07aba9f4379b9bcc0a6454827692516fc6c733e43765fde9ef8e09c53c9b2bab">https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aip/Geo3/40/38</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q785|Q785]] | +44 | JEY<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca652d7e17bcaf3c9763053fbd648993f635d0474f5bfa63eea979be1687f653">''[[:d:Q1520117|Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names]]''</ref> | | [[File:Flag of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q785|Jersey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | GB-JSY | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q9676|Q9676]] | +44<ref name="ref_b714df18ef994aabad5b33575fae9a331bb1a7dc5b689b12caafedbcadefb338">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man/</ref> | IMN | | [[File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insula de Man]] | [[File:Europe-Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25230|Q25230]] | +44 | GGY | | [[File:Flag of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25230|Guernsey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | +45 | DNK | DEN | [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National coat of arms of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[Danmark]] | [[File:Denmark (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_2ab2d3efd2b6883b381ce9a652bd0a5322344d6df7b3edab85734fc96927cc79">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/denmark</ref> | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | +46 | SWE | SWE | [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[Svedia]] | [[File:Sweden on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_85068a0db46453daf483b5ba47c8fa4ab52bb44c01b35806a36e5e3a58b5717f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sweden</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q20|Q20]] | +47 | NOR | NOR | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norvegia|Norvega]] | [[File:Europe-Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_fc099a57536d047473ad7df4ff76be5a912448e57d6a1fbd89f6dff87c3affb7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/norway</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_238811c00bbde06ebcef712fe55f6c4e005d6573d58ef9fc61e20136bd11c169">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html</ref> | pais in Europa |- | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | +48 | POL | POL | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Herb Polski.svg|center|48px]] | [[Polonia]] | [[File:Poland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_1141d2922ee6e0af6cb7b1552630080174d486c3a0ec7527e3f165a83465e88e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/poland</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | +49 | DEU | GER<ref name="ref_7051b4fa8b9e1fd011a3751668a1a7d17dace442ab69f795ae7cd785f21ca7e6">https://www.laenderdaten.de/kuerzel/olympia.aspx</ref><ref name="ref_14f12b58ecf7e955915f42a62d53c127443a3805dc49bc5b11cfcbf6a89c6802">''[[:d:Q28796597|Olympic.org athletes database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79e4d44474c511272c7ee74bc50614da858523aec6ef10464aea6ef133b76b29">https://www.worlddata.info/countrycodes.php</ref> | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_11c58e234a71f0ec3d872899c95229d35f6a2ae223d651ae1922c4d9cc861118">''[[:d:Q836156|Federal Law Gazette]]''</ref> | [[Germania]] | [[File:Germany (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_8994a5d7462aefdbea449b87b3c75500724d67a43898039a18a6f10e06f8d2ce">https://tuerkei.diplo.de/tr-de/themen/08-kids-corner/-/1602334</ref><ref name="ref_28b4a876afe5bc29aa93ea5e1d077508e10499391b0dca5ba9a493d360bd35a8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/germany</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_0e8d288976e5fc82ece1969aac468ee1b37e61ce5becb93cfcc5ed975493294e">''[[:d:Q1206379|General Treaty]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0aaaa5a7a82b0a7c136905d5fdcea358424e8a04be48b9d47cb8e8cd8be10345">https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/chronologie/Deutschlandvertrag-Wie-die-Bundesrepublik-souveraen-wurde,deutschlandvertrag100.html</ref><ref name="ref_2ebe9814d2917c7003bf83a374e6ebc357663e1b2a5ad7faa6d40ad2e07afc3d">https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/579364/034b11190e6f59ada9686600ee020f37/wd-3-119-09-pdf-data.pdf</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q9648|Q9648]] | +500 | FLK | FLK | [[File:Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Falkland Islands (relief).svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Falkland]] | [[File:Location map of the Falklands – Alternative version 4.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_203f3398d59e1eab4d90d7772b9082a662f7d5689d7d159c89ce7bc067c1b4bb">https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/south-america-human-geography/print/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]'' | archipelago in le Atlantico meridional, e un territorio britannic de ultramar, disputate per Argentina |- | [[:d:Q35086|Q35086]] | +500 | SGS | | [[File:Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35086|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]'' | [[File:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q242|Q242]] | +501 | BLZ | BIZ | [[File:Flag of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belize]] | [[File:BLZ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_3c98eafb0d4c40878e965dfadc6441c2c87d66ccc85fd5c1f1a72495d062fb80">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/belize</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q774|Q774]] | +502 | GTM | GUA | [[File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guatemala]] | [[File:Guatemala on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_98679fcaebc52997a11177fc30555e916cfc69b530f2421ecb540aecf9db30e9">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guatemala</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171751|banana republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q792|Q792]] | +503 | SLV | ESA | [[File:Flag of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[El Salvador]] | [[File:Orthographic Map of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_70b20e416ca5a00772ef3965e3330e0d5b9bbce4968b133f3a416e50f7bda5ce">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/el-salvador</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q783|Q783]] | +504 | HND | HON | [[File:Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Honduras.svg|center|48px]] | [[Honduras]] | [[File:Honduras (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_0d1c3e1552324fe47da2fcbd9bd42258c5818c866757f0381d5aaeee643cab10">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/honduras</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q811|Q811]] | +505 | NIC | NCA | [[File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nicaragua]] | [[File:Nicaragua (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_a75c072cecb60eed6d2fdbf2f67c23b4730f13f79c6a5af8702cd2bb43554ec8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/nicaragua</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q800|Q800]] | +506 | CRI | CRC | [[File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa Rica]] | [[File:Costa Rica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_ddab406ed76bc355fe46531eaf50bcae55bbbe305380b0bc0306ebb912b36599">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/costa-rica</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ddab406ed76bc355fe46531eaf50bcae55bbbe305380b0bc0306ebb912b36599">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/costa-rica</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q804|Q804]] | +507 | PAN | PAN | [[File:Flag of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[Panama]] | [[File:PAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q34617|Q34617]] | +508 | SPM | | [[File:Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries SaintPierreetMiquelon.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34617|Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]'' | [[File:Saint Pierre and Miquelon in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-PM | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q790|Q790]] | +509 | HTI | HAI | [[File:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Haiti]] | [[File:Haiti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_905bef37a7c7392a2f0df8827fe0818ee03e71dcf51b29d39e3ca3f7d65c6bba">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/haiti</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q419|Q419]] | +51 | PER | PER | [[File:Flag of Peru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg|center|48px]] | [[Peru]] | [[File:Peru (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_1fd5d6cd2fb26be70c8c8fcd6dd3496cda984b2d1f36def17dca285aeeab3b64">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/peru</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q96|Q96]] | +52 | MEX<ref name="ref_48d0ce6be950795de8ca7fff8e44dbc620d6e5a7b241a75d037258726867406a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MX</ref> | MEX | [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | [[Mexico]] | [[File:MEX orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_ed55f80116d256bcda4e59c84019208f7437ab56659e14f04b1fc61d7bea6a61">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm</ref><ref name="ref_57a61da440053f5fb9c595807f0e40a5716a527552ffc7b6563d171d0c18dcc6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mexico</ref><ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q241|Q241]] | +53 | CUB | CUB | [[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cuba]] | [[File:Cuba (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_5c70ac92f86e31f55867c9d14bb707f54acdbbfff2caa8898681ac3b65c9a30d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cuba</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q414|Q414]] | +54 | ARG | ARG | [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[Argentina]] | [[File:ARG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_e616ef27e84dce01a65dcb178dbd75b7dbceb23fb4bff8a3c79f35707040b686">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/argentina</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]'' | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q155|Q155]] | +55 | BRA | BRA | [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brasil]] | [[File:BRA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_fddb9d0df98a18a5136998def2603820369b7f646426d22a09005e177fde7afc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/brazil</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q298|Q298]] | +56 | CHL | CHI | [[File:Flag of Chile.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chile (c).svg|center|48px]] | [[Chile]] | [[File:CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_e1310045a66773c61bd0e84b83324cf1e2fa4d46dfe527c44eb0b834a66ec172">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/chile</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]] | |- | [[:d:Q739|Q739]] | +57 | COL | COL | [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Colombia]] | [[File:COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_994d63c4bc3c8f9e8f60ac8f00f3f218cd213b0e0a0ed07075aeface0e40a86e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/colombia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q717|Q717]] | +58 | VEN | VEN | [[File:Flag of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[Venezuela]] | [[File:VEN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_34753d3ee3e55d18087148c8246f9edac384974ed010dee94db2716ef96bed2d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/venezuela</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q17012|Q17012]] | +590 | GLP | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guadeloupe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guadalupe|Guadeloupe]] | [[File:Guadeloupe in France 2016.svg|center|48px]] | FR-971 | [[America del Nord]] | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25362|Q25362]] | +590 | BLM | | [[File:Flag of Saint Barthélemy (local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Blason St Barthélémy TOM entire.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25362|Saint Barthélemy]]'' | [[File:Saint Barthelemy in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-BL | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]''<ref name="ref_acb678d6cb9dd51a3fd3981405e68362fe227c398b2f88f9205d3f195172710d">''[[:d:Q47486150|loi organique n° 2007-223 du 21 février 2007 portant dispositions statutaires et institutionnelles relatives à l'outre-mer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q126125|Q126125]] | +590 | MAF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:St Martin Coat.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q126125|Saint-Martin]]'' | [[File:Saint Martin in its region (zoom).svg|center|48px]] | FR-MF | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q750|Q750]] | +591 | BOL | BOL | [[File:Flag of Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bolivia]] | [[File:BOL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_2514490d267edd0ccf67aeebd5cdef6d1a6d46658d0144e8b169f7a5d0e7fcb4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bolivia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q734|Q734]] | +592 | GUY | GUY | [[File:Flag of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guyana]] | [[File:GUY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_67a868b6b67f9a228949dd4acfd83f0001226596d8ef5d369cd4e6cafa99769a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guyana</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q736|Q736]] | +593 | ECU | ECU | [[File:Flag of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ecuador]] | [[File:ECU orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_e295c77e6eef104bd08bdae6da90dff1b51e9bdd08fddcf3e2a516176409d6ac">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ecuador/</ref><ref name="ref_1549cd7b08d3efa66a50a207465ae84b898d1ee78b3472cd0f637050f3df5674">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ecuador</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q3769|Q3769]] | +594 | GUF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Guiana, according to the original displayed at the Museum Franconie, at Cayenne.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3769|French Guiana]]'' | [[File:French Guiana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-973 | [[America del Sud]] | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q733|Q733]] | +595 | PRY | PAR | [[File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Paraguay]] | [[File:PRY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_498e84adec1a718348a511c10a611145cd12143230bf83cba372af4ddc8f5ca8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/paraguay</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17054|Q17054]] | +596 | MTQ | | [[File:Flag-of-Martinique.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Martinica]] | [[File:Martinique-CIA WFB Map.png|center|48px]] | FR-972 | [[America del Nord]] | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q730|Q730]] | +597 | SUR | SUR | [[File:Flag of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[Suriname]] | [[File:SURINAME orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q116052725|national geopolitical entity]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q77|Q77]] | +598 | URY | URU | [[File:Flag of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uruguay]] | [[File:URY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_3fc46b9f24a8ea483e8de2a69e4e9850b7ca55f5a20994df6ed612892cc8a304">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uruguay</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27561|Q27561]] | +599 | BES<ref name="ref_b487e18951526d42430f1cf1c21ee328d29004b78388d2bd2e82fab9d7187199">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-1_newsletter_vi-8_split_of_the_dutch_antilles_final-en.pdf</ref> | | | | ''[[:d:Q27561|Caribbean Netherlands]]'' | [[File:BES islands location map.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25279|Q25279]] | +5999 | CUW | | [[File:Flag of Curaçao.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Curaçao wapen.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25279|Curaçao]]'' | [[File:Curacao in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-CW<ref name="ref_a79facb7c77a4d17adb234b1eb74d3b9373e6d448dc9064422a0639025f813d0">''[[:d:Q14005|MusicBrainz]]''</ref> | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q833|Q833]] | +60 | MYS<ref name="ref_91ced5a92c53470c76e4c318a3e14e7348c772d5741a91228cccdd5a43e6e26a">''[[:d:Q292649|AGROVOC]]''</ref> | MAS | [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malaysia]] | [[File:Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_4db31c2abbd25705c252d2a83966507548cf6104716341bf45b5502c200016d5">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malaysia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1951661|member states of ASEAN]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q408|Q408]] | +61<ref name="ref_3c8ec2e7664ec852051e6cd9f0b6b2fbb0da9322c5c9c9cf52343863015308a9">http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/telephone-country-and-area-codes</ref> | AUS<ref name="ref_63f5ca7a183963ae457d8f89197c39e30c3e1963bcf902fb3e780d1dbf4e9c8a">''[[:d:Q25275|ISO 3166-1]]''</ref> | AUS | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_81c89a07f6d8245f3f610a5338eb4d06b8867ad0833011281075a438da9ceee8">https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/flag.cfm</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Australia]] | [[File:AUS orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_55b989eb7cce48a09a35b5932d4bfe396cfa0c87723f34b78db550924ba8e125">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/australia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q36004|Q36004]] | +61891 | CCK | | [[File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Clunies-Ross family arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36004|Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]'' | [[File:Cocos (Keeling) Islands on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q252|Q252]] | +62 | IDN | INA | [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|center|48px]] | [[Indonesia]] | [[File:Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_970dd6a46d4f65845c7cbd5220c7d0d74219a48387ec0cabf1594edb82643050">https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/continent/</ref><ref name="ref_c55e382eccb9df0acee0cc1da5d37980fd422383f9c3ecf6120f084c3ec5f28d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/indonesia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q928|Q928]] | +63 | PHL | PHI | [[File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Philippinas]] | [[File:Philippines on the globe (Philippines centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_90ddd9118d68da7e61f33410d7080c6b560febc48a82e4ce29895642ab46bf64">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/philippines</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_81ccc0a78ceeb0d2999af5af7bc2806ac346781fcd398871eaf267afc8de71d0">http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q664|Q664]] | +64 | NZL | NZL | [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Zelanda]] | [[File:NZL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_43526c89d88275bc84852dc4b538fedc841dc0a120e0c438af7a537de4086408">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/new-zealand</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c6871316bdeb1556c2cb74d8cc18cbb2d6fdef879d68bebda378e8b70461e1f2">https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLLawRP07041/new-zealand-sovereignty-1857-1907-1947-or-1987</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q35672|Q35672]] | +64 | PCN | | [[File:Flag of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Pitcairn]] | [[File:Pitcairn Islands on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q46395|British overseas territory]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q334|Q334]] | +65 | SGP | SGP | [[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[Singapur]] | [[File:Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_591a47b973127214527a344ead22a6b9c5a29e61cecdefd3efe8549371974412">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/singapore</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q869|Q869]] | +66 | THA | THA | [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Thailanda]] | [[File:Thailand (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_1662d307f567064dc266b2cfac2a07109ffb99efbaf1b75321fe85a45954972d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/thailand</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q574|Q574]] | +670 | TLS | TLS | [[File:Flag of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[Timor Oriental]] | [[File:Timor Leste (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_8362efb05122fa36809795881d4668b18e17bdd60c854c2c5fab6a7f55182648">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/timor-leste</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q51|Q51]] | +672 | ATA | | | | [[Antarctica]] | [[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | | [[continente]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_683b2661c49be29f69007bda6012994faeb7dbcefb33fdba8ec0685c5503f9be">''[[:d:Q43400782|БСЭ1 / Антарктида]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2418896|part of the world]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]'' | continente |- | [[:d:Q10372207|Q10372207]] | +672 | ATA | | [[File:Flag of the Antarctic Treaty.svg|center|48px]] | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q10372207|Antarctic Treaty area]]'' | [[File:Mapa Polo Sur.png|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31057|Q31057]] | +6723 | NFK | | [[File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norfuk Ailen]] | [[File:Australia in its region (Norfolk Island special).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14192199|territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q921|Q921]] | +673 | BRN<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref> | BRU | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brunei]] | [[File:Brunei on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_4becd3be642e592e77e314fc7d958e6dad76a875a3179bc1ff6f9d1916367001">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/brunei</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Sultanato]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q697|Q697]] | +674<ref name="ref_f445a3c22990f1d62e6cc18fc0fe03673e9da07854dda7c809cfb12ee03b8b84">''[[:d:Q373|Wikivoyage]]''</ref> | NRU | NRU | [[File:Flag of Nauru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nauru.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nauru]] | [[File:Nauru on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q691|Q691]] | +675 | PNG | PNG | [[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Papua Nove Guinea]] | [[File:Papua New Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]] | |- | [[:d:Q678|Q678]] | +676 | TON | TGA | [[File:Flag of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tonga]] | [[File:Tonga on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q685|Q685]] | +677 | SLB | SOL | [[File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Salomon]] | [[File:Solomon Islands on the globe (Oceania centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_7f5ca980c7c2189a89782643533e6234e580f7f98aa6844d2d32279248a3e8ad">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/solomon-islands</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q686|Q686]] | +678 | VUT | VAN | [[File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vanuatu]] | [[File:Vanuatu on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q712|Q712]] | +679<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | FJI | FIJ | [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[Fiji]] | [[File:Fiji (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q695|Q695]] | +680 | PLW | PLW | [[File:Flag of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Palau]] | [[File:Palau on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_daf169b91264e60c8364612cb2060080f814d06ec09d7ebceeda0cfaba3360c4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/palau</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q35555|Q35555]] | +681 | WLF | | [[File:Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35555|Wallis and Futuna]]'' | [[File:Wallis and Futuna in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-WF | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q26988|Q26988]] | +682 | COK | COK | [[File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q26988|Cook Islands]]'' | [[File:Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q34020|Q34020]] | +683 | NIU | | [[File:Flag of Niue.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niue.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34020|Niue]]'' | [[File:Niue on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q683|Q683]] | +685 | WSM | SAM | [[File:Flag of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[Samoa]] | [[File:Samoa on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q710|Q710]] | +686 | KIR | KIR | [[File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kiribati]] | [[File:Kiribati on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_d7c103e6ebce9cca16cd4b40558d38bf1c32b659302b6caf56e1517ac3078a0b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kiribati</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q33788|Q33788]] | +687 | NCL | | [[File:Flag of FLNKS.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of New Caledonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Caledonia]] | [[File:New Caledonia in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-NC | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q672|Q672]] | +688 | TUV | TUV | [[File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tuvalu]] | [[File:Tuvalu in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_7cd05220d2aea3511b2677c79066753c92268a3a67a0a57bd82accd0e6458f8c">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tuvalu</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30971|Q30971]] | +689 | PYF | | [[File:Flag of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q30971|French Polynesia]]'' | [[File:French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | FR-PF | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q36823|Q36823]] | +690 | TKL | | [[File:Flag of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Badge of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36823|Tokelau]]'' | [[File:LocationTokelau.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q702|Q702]] | +691 | FSM | FSM | [[File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Federate de Micronesia|Micronesia]] | [[File:Micronesia on the globe (Micronesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_35ec7f61ba88d07db6051a9635d5a80b6346c204c801f053db14ed60df06a80f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/micronesia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q709|Q709]] | +692 | MHL | MHL | [[File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q709|Marshall Islands]]'' | [[File:Marshall Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q159|Q159]] | +7 | RUS | RUS | [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|center|48px]] | [[Russia]] | [[File:LocationRussia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_a3e468da529f6170ebe537841394006365958e82b1c66e74caf70fcb621997a4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/russia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_51cfe82ebe6b6b1410c83f0e5d300685a554345e61cbb37d2ecf3e5be2d6b1ad">''[[:d:Q11836865|Declaration of the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 142-N of 26 December 1991]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q232|Q232]] | +7<ref name="ref_869fc93f19bd3db0d26985eae23a7cdc35e3955bcc025f142ba7028febd1acc8">http://countrycode.org/kazakhstan</ref> | KAZ | KAZ | [[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qazaqstan|Kazakhstan]] | [[File:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_0c2352a80be92c3210ce7156d90b4c25cf17b2997c3c354578a49c50ae82e7e0">http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=9998</ref><br/>[[Asia]]<ref name="ref_00f4a00217006243f1f5d216b71903ba86d97ebca781de7880fb7d1ae44c389b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kazakhstan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>[[pais]] | stato euroasiatic |- | [[:d:Q17|Q17]] | +81 | JPN | JPN | [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Kamon of the Imperial House of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Japon]] | [[File:Japan on the globe (de-facto) (Japan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_18b47b49cacad6ae73f045f727a828dab6f9032777e094eaacf4f43697017d32">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/japan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref> | pais de Asia |- | [[:d:Q884|Q884]] | +82 | KOR | KOR | [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Sud]] | [[File:South Korea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_ed06a6210c3250c4513da4dbeeeef173390ab6ec6bc7e2ebb62135ead8e6dd31">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/korea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b56d7a5874cc979de67507be4b9d0ec0309a3055065d3b2c94872cb63e655bc8">https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Korea</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q881|Q881]] | +84 | VNM | VIE | [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vietnam]] | [[File:Vietnam on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_3cdd1c3c0f83a1f617d30538f8f473fd74f6c0ec9f6c4f795af39aa128e1f9cb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/vietnam</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q423|Q423]] | +850 | PRK | PRK | [[File:Flag of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Nord]] | [[File:LocationNorthKorea.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_5d92736853365d9e85e7b28bcbfce24d004923f1f10cf7563666126117dfd42d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-people-s-rep-korea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3303230|pariah state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q8646|Q8646]] | +852 | HKG | HKG | [[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hong Kong]] | [[File:Hong Kong in China (zoomed) (+all claims hatched).svg|center|48px]] | CN-HK | [[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q14773|Q14773]] | +853 | MAC | MAC | [[File:Flag of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macao]] | [[File:Macau locator map.svg|center|48px]] | CN-MO | [[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q424|Q424]] | +855 | KHM | CAM | [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal arms of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cambodja|Cambodgia]] | [[File:Cambodia on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_abe4358184070f9b6797681a5adb73e29bd1da4d11a88cd83ae1664ab59a73bd">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cambodia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q819|Q819]] | +856 | LAO | LAO | [[File:Flag of Laos.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Laos (1991-2025).svg|center|48px]] | [[Laos]] | [[File:Laos on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_39b1fd2e1c22a49137d4e9548d1988e3f3e9aa478b87789b44044b20140fc4b9">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lao-pdr</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia del sud-est |- | [[:d:Q148|Q148]] | +86 | CHN | CHN | [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|center|48px]] | [[China]] | [[File:CHN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a99460e35c29523fbc64f3e501526e4e548dc1a24bf60644edd14ee96b8d9f75">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/china</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q902|Q902]] | +880 | BGD | BAN | [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bangladesh]] | [[File:Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_ab9a52b2415e4258c2ccb5504794704ed5046ee1482b61e585b8669706229b8b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bangladesh</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q865|Q865]] | +886 | TWN | TPE<ref name="ref_57a0ad33f5b6f27f02f92a9efa64f01b99937ab26de151c23288f5b72c3c0fb2">https://olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-olympics-full-list-ioc-national-olympic-committee-codes</ref> | [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[Taiwan|Republica de China]] | [[File:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]] | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<ref name="ref_a9f70626dc74e5b985084e8b1f64ad3ff7e0f85a25e82df819ca2f9557c85049">''[[:d:Q213099|Constitution of the Republic of China]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c1a15e1a1d9b909b4bb07e4dc4f5be3a202d16916c872c87fb7d5f3047286520">''[[:d:Q10926890|Fundamentals of National Reconstruction]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<ref name="ref_c905fbbcd72d58c0d5b3cbabd51cf692c8b26048dc5f0e526c86e110f12e8bc0">https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/2758(XXVI)</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q668|Q668]] | +91 | IND | IND | [[File:Flag of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[India]] | [[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_7f529af02bea9f37111f5ff64a1ecb27e4148cfe3bfa74c586f9e3fcf2ca8574">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/india</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q843|Q843]] | +92 | PAK | PAK | [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Pakistan]] | [[File:Pakistan on the globe (de-facto and claimed hatched) (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_37b442a17714a61e024650736f93e269f286a7c916ba24fac9139775925b34e0">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/pakistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q889|Q889]] | +93 | AFG | AFG | [[File:Flag of the Taliban.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Afghanistan]] | [[File:Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_d1b2dd0c80f9f9d33adddf70d21067d1f1739a3646ccb2c797f0d93469c08730">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/afghanistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q854|Q854]] | +94 | LKA | SRI | [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sri Lanka]] | [[File:Sri Lanka (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a5b2f7f145888ef200ccfcec3e73bef97ccbd3157ddbbbb6160bd6803f7b51b2">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sri-lanka</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q836|Q836]] | +95 | MMR | MYA | [[File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State Seal of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Birmania]] | [[File:Myanmar on the globe (Myanmar centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a20b46494326aff210a40fb9b2eea5e738e9385f36f0c36a24f790b010ba6e27">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/myanmar</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q826|Q826]] | +960 | MDV | MDV | [[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[Maldivas]] | [[File:Maldives (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_ca38c12334a859eed2ac9814492e6f861112b0460ba2b09b781f89acd2373b49">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/maldives</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | pais archipelagic de Asia |- | [[:d:Q822|Q822]] | +961 | LBN | LBN | [[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Libano]] | [[File:Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_852f696db1749aeed11812ff08d49b6ee67c7dd78b8c7b135092052ed9cac018">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lebanon</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q810|Q810]] | +962 | JOR | JOR | [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jordania]] | [[File:Jordan on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_9f846bfa4bc40138822f26e7705b2f459bb74eee955fcfddfa745ba4c26b853a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/jordan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q858|Q858]] | +963 | SYR | SYR | [[File:Flag of Syria (2025-).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Syria (2025–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Syria]] | [[File:Syria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_412fa4b836a6613010597160bf80f588d683992c3a7c230e40132d4d1dd5909a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/syrian-arab-republic</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q796|Q796]] | +964 | IRQ | IRQ | [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[Irak]] | [[File:Iraq (orthographic-projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_8235b932b9266c6c4a026faf3ec34936d71d553e259e66933aff9d02b124a1ea">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/iraq</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q817|Q817]] | +965 | KWT | KUW | [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the State of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kuwait]] | [[File:KWT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_3ace251482c28923d1f51ac0d92f9a6660ecff6563b0ba65d49cf6d4240edd98">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kuwait</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q851|Q851]] | +966 | SAU | KSA | [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Arabia Saudita]] | [[File:Saudi Arabia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_26784e44a0327d74d0bef416db5c974641a0f4599932def46a46ff3cab16958e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/saudi-arabia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q805|Q805]] | +967 | YEM | YEM | [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yemen (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Yemen]] | [[File:Yemen (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a8ffbdbb020752731956fe0b761b6fb68d783b10c1a0bb0d7af2c800aef460f8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/yemen</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q842|Q842]] | +968 | OMN | OMA | [[File:Flag of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[Oman]] | [[File:Oman (better) (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_01586d2a30f5bcd896fe98d3b34625be88b8acaacdc447a62f9c38744cb89b8e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/oman</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Sultanato]] | |- | [[:d:Q219060|Q219060]] | +970 | PSE<ref name="ref_3f75e303bf4853c467c06725a05dba6eeb7112ce137fb140bdc7a80e567b6d9a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search</ref> | PLE | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[Stato de Palestina]] | [[File:State of Palestine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_2eb2aafc86ec576fb04cf58b8c5a6b5ccc975adff5e06377af3f6986e526b197">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/west-bank-and-gaza</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_61cb9542cfec0192ac28895ad39604419ece3afcc2d24629fa49d44e66ca8713">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-statehood-idUSBRE8AR0EG20121129</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<ref name="ref_1aa0d02a4d329d277dd84e6b641dfc97d3cea6ca9ee7087854a9c8096d827e5d">https://www.visualcapitalist.com/recognition-of-israel-and-palestine-map/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | stato partialmente recognoscite in Asia |- | [[:d:Q407199|Q407199]] | +970 | PSE | | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q407199|Occupied Palestinian territories]]'' | [[File:Palestinian territories (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q878|Q878]] | +971 | ARE | UAE | [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[Emiratos Arabe Unite]] | [[File:United Arab Emirates (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_59a1d652766a06f92458495e7cef738309868b7ba5a287d913c5709c1714791e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/united-arab-emirates</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q801|Q801]] | +972 | ISR | ISR | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[Israel]] | [[File:Israel (orthographic projection) with disputed territories.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_333461128a2048d57dd11c82262c851de1f5550ad2f5f6ffcd74b818b46835a7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/israel</ref> | ''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q398|Q398]] | +973 | BHR | BRN | [[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of The Kingdom of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahrain]] | [[File:Map of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_2dc5aa10c6e6e1dca2838777318ef05bd87fb4d13951325b8aebc61573ab766d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bahrain</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[archipelago]] | |- | [[:d:Q846|Q846]] | +974 | QAT | QAT | [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Qatar-2022.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qatar]] | [[File:QAT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_524121d7265c4d0c8f3f7af1dc2f6c1b7e2c6f762b4df1d0540d05fec95dbf91">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/qatar</ref> | ''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q917|Q917]] | +975 | BTN | BHU | [[File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bhutan]] | [[File:Bhutan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_8006f2781cb69049dfa601b23976a7cca3397823cd5645fa63a657e7aba6ada8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bhutan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q711|Q711]] | +976<ref name="ref_7d1c754bbb9c79f4e261ec07b06c3412be495db3ef2a3f0b65778cafa7f09ce7">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/</ref> | MNG | MGL | [[File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mongolia]] | [[File:Mongolia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_b08be61c8e97998a5328bd0e6b1c3a8fd62dade52c1805737707718aca51b1d1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mongolia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q837|Q837]] | +977 | NPL | NEP | [[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nepal]] | [[File:Nepal (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_b578e9b2d5b6f56d16b4b36cbb6fe645ba081b193d8db1718aa578c3ced4e709">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/nepal</ref> | ''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q842112|staato socialista]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q794|Q794]] | +98 | IRN | IRI | [[File:Flag of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[Iran]] | [[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_706c979762a1bfe0bb4d75a7fa59245b9273be5b15e78cd69c3f108939e0d350">''[[:d:Q3462918|Mo'in Encyclopedic Dictionary]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5a63f22cd00dda7cb42010c027da62f2730910950ae460faa8e9903ff6b486c1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/iran</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_706c979762a1bfe0bb4d75a7fa59245b9273be5b15e78cd69c3f108939e0d350">''[[:d:Q3462918|Mo'in Encyclopedic Dictionary]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q863|Q863]] | +992 | TJK | TJK | [[File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tajikistan]] | [[File:Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_4393707e56515aadf68c912d8642d7702233b42c189aaed34d5f97897b12aa9f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tajikistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q874|Q874]] | +993 | TKM | TKM | [[File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Turkmenistan (1992–2000).svg|center|48px]] | [[Turkmenistan]] | [[File:Turkmenistan on the globe (Turkmenistan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_1efe86a44bb88263ac1c1ec613c2b2610305f571ffcc443c0ceacd65ddfaa25e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/turkmenistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q227|Q227]] | +994 | AZE | AZE | [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Azerbaijan]] | [[File:Azerbaijan orthographic projection.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_c64cca2d5d5e7de7d1c417b5b3491c2239c382f1b3289d13f432b1df36ca5d11">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/azerbaijan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q230|Q230]] | +995 | GEO | GEO | [[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Georgia (pais)|Georgia]] | [[File:Europe-Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q236036|republic of the Soviet Union]]''<ref name="ref_5c230e70bc98bbb5feb57eebe6a26f1f466f19895c08275dad9169e8102d4f75">https://iverieli.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/274221/1/Komunisti_1921_N1.pdf</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q813|Q813]] | +996 | KGZ | KGZ | [[File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kirghizistan]] | [[File:Kyrgyzstan on the globe (Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_6de0896fad4919ad7aff39f603c5366c3771f0a85c09be612a9ba5642f156cfc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kyrgyz-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia central |- | [[:d:Q265|Q265]] | +998 | UZB | UZB | [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uzbekistan]] | [[File:UZB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_d4949d4e544e92e3c5cdacf99f8862cb8fa6d1da83b12f3804a9bb8ca0b650c3">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uzbekistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136361597|doubly landlocked country]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} e2prgu09z29bhlauqd1jtoazsdcd84k 102 38952 697086 697011 2026-06-08T22:21:44Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q38348 } |wdq= |columns=item,label,P225,P171,P18,description |thumb=32 |links=red |references=all |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! label ! nomine del taxon ! taxon superior immediate ! imagine ! description |- | [[:d:Q1360|Q1360]] | [[arthropodo]] | Arthropoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Asian forest scorpion in Khao Yai National Park.JPG|center|32px]] | phylo de animales |- | [[:d:Q5182|Q5182]] | [[Kinorhyncha]] | Kinorhyncha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b2443bdb8eb065e0d3e88ce0d3b6b6fc0fba0b6a252f6528d420213f2db3c710">''[[:d:Q19317420|Phylum Kinorhyncha]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Echinoderes hwiizaa.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5183|Q5183]] | [[Loricifera]] | Loricifera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Pliciloricus enigmatus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5184|Q5184]] | [[Priapulida]] | Priapulida<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Priapulus caudatus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5185|Q5185]] | [[Nematoda]] | Nematoda<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Soybean cyst nematode and egg SEM.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5186|Q5186]] | [[Nematomorpha]] | Nematomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Paragordius tricuspidatus.jpeg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5189|Q5189]] | [[Lobopodia]] | Lobopodia | [[Panarthropoda]] | [[File:20210000 Lobopodia lobopodians lobopods.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5191|Q5191]] | [[Onychophora]] | Onychophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e06a7e3c469f277c9344b5a5e835660a166c141af045136b523115727e6294ed">''[[:d:Q19329296|Phylum Onychophora Grube, 1853]]''</ref><ref name="ref_663c79fc9d0f4631a1ea8eaf1b8cddf2861b4797951760a3d62ca7c951bdb680">''[[:d:Q19329389|A world checklist of Onychophora (velvet worms), with notes on nomenclature and status of names]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Onycophora.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5194|Q5194]] | [[Tardigrada]] | Tardigrada<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Hypsibiusdujardini.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q10915|Q10915]] | [[chordato]] | Chordata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Deuterostomia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_de89d1d7a3b9861aa896c2763db458e8269d1d9fb76891ffc54e0793ca104151">''[[:d:Q34008832|The mitochondrial DNA of Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis]]''</ref> | [[File:Chordata.png|center|32px]] | phylo de animales |- | [[:d:Q18960|Q18960]] | [[Porifera]] | Porifera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[animal]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Vaasspons2.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25326|Q25326]] | [[Molluscos|Mollusca]] | Mollusca<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Lophotrochozoa]] | [[File:Mollusca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25441|Q25441]] | [[Cnidari]] | Cnidaria<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Eumetazoa]] | [[File:Schleiden-meduse-2.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25522|Q25522]] | [[Annelida]] | Annelida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Nereis pelagica.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q41579|Q41579]] | [[acidobacterio]] | Acidobacteria<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Acidobacterium.jpg|center|32px]] | phylo de bacterios |- | [[:d:Q44631|Q44631]] | [[Echinodermata]] | Echinodermata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref> | [[Deuterostomia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Ambulacraria]] | [[File:Ophionereis reticulata 1.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q93315|Q93315]] | [[Cyanobacteria]] | Cyanobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_53a0f2b03daa7019b2710ec8dd21755784650fbdc972046fa802842c113a1dae">''[[:d:Q693148|International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:201208 Cyanobacteria.png|center|32px]]<ref name="ref_fc1deb0c6e0726d35b5ca72104428b2a8286c0c11e4a9316bd654855cbfc0a80">http://togotv.dbcls.jp/ja/togopic.2012.18.html</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q102778|Q102778]] | [[Ctenophora|Ctenophoro]] | Ctenophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Eumetazoa]] | [[File:Ctenophore.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q106345|Q106345]] | [[Ciliophora]] | Ciliophora<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7329662afc81d018cfa327740fedc871a21a94ccd87455d4b66bb43e6687bdf">''[[:d:Q51379118|Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger nach biologischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref> | [[File:Haeckel Ciliata.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q107027|Q107027]] | [[Foraminifera]] | Foraminifera | [[Rhizaria]] | [[File:Ammonia tepida.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q107920|Q107920]] | [[Radiolaria]] | Radiolaria | [[Rhizaria]] | [[File:Haeckel Stephoidea.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q120490|Q120490]] | [[Dinoflagellata]] | Dinoflagellata | [[Dinozoa]] | [[File:Ceratium furca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q124900|Q124900]] | [[Plathelminthes|Platyhelminthes]] | Platyhelminthes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Haeckel Platodes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q130914|Q130914]] | [[Actinobacteria]] | Actinobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Actinomyces israelii.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q130999|Q130999]] | [[Proteobacteria]] | Proteobacteria<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q131032|Q131032]] | [[Orthonectida]] | Orthonectida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[protostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Orthonetida dict flat and cylinder.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q131040|Q131040]] | [[Placozoa]] | Placozoa<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_40ddf737f368df45185f884350efa239024ce874f019eac59549d5ac5b0dd455">''[[:d:Q45817173|Ultrastructural analyses support different morphological lineages in the phylum Placozoa Grell, 1971]]''</ref> | [[animal]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Trichoplax mic.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q133219|Q133219]] | [[Charophyta]] | Charophyta | [[Viridiplantae]] | [[File:Chara braunii 1.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q134869|Q134869]] | [[Rhombozoa]] | Rhombozoa<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[protostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Dicyema macrocephalum.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q134886|Q134886]] | [[Deinococcus-Thermus]] | Deinococcus-Thermus<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Deinococcus radiodurans.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q137449|Q137449]] | [[Haplosporidia]] | Haplosporidia<ref name="ref_3e058715a18b00e3a22f9b5eb0650695fe4514068aaa169d060a0a28df4e00d5">''[[:d:Q108908969|Sur le genere Aplosporidium (nov.) et l'ordre nouveau des Aplosporidies]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c980fa20222306284d97e6128fcd535cd1bce8c8adf8489d2e8e896c8b6dfc99">''[[:d:Q108913858|Ergebnisse der neueren Sporozoenforschung]]''</ref> | [[Ascetosporea]] | | |- | [[:d:Q148134|Q148134]] | [[Bryozoa]] | Bryozoa<ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Haeckel Bryozoa.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q149075|Q149075]] | [[Firmicutes]] | Firmicutes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q162907|Q162907]] | [[Phoronida]] | Phoronida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Nur03506.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q174301|Q174301]] | [[Hemichordata]] | Hemichordata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Deuterostomia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Eichelwurm.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q174698|Q174698]] | [[Basidiomycota]] | Basidiomycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Dikarya]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Haeckel Basimycetes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q174726|Q174726]] | [[Ascomycota]] | Ascomycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ddbcc7e85480f79a67652de9848eb190a612c56b4a88fde67c8d1ff4a91a1692">''[[:d:Q22065662|A revised six-kingdom system of life]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Dikarya]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Xylaria polymorpha a1.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q178235|Q178235]] | [[Acanthocephalo|Acanthocephala]] | Acanthocephala<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:C wegeneri.JPG|center|32px]] | phylo de vermes parasitic |- | [[:d:Q178272|Q178272]] | [[Brachiopoda]] | Brachiopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:LingulaanatinaAA.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q180148|Q180148]] | [[Rotifera]] | Rotifera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Habrotrocha rosa 1.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q185631|Q185631]] | [[Nemertea]] | Nemertea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Micrura verrilli.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q189808|Q189808]] | [[Marchantiophyta]] | Marchantiophyta<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_15301d99d1ade1e5ecd1e0a19335fb2228f21fc8dc86f538b4814f324f2aa7e5">''[[:d:Q55952715|A Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of North America]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e792f138d9d7ef71de54888c5770402ead4c342a7bfb3038ff616d954ddf4174">''[[:d:Q42319604|Correct author citations for some upper rank names of liverworts (Marchantiophyta)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_976bddadb39e933a9d91d0266ee5437aa9f02c00d56726e49f8588f6c7dbd601">''[[:d:Q75186175|Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref> | [[Embryophyta]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Assortment of Hepaticae from Kunstformen der Natur (1904), plate 82.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q190115|Q190115]] | [[Gastrotricha]] | Gastrotricha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Gastrotrich.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q192416|Q192416]] | [[Chaetognatha]] | Chaetognatha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Gnathifera]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Chaetoblack.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q193030|Q193030]] | [[Apicomplexa]] | Apicomplexa<ref name="ref_a98611b933e05d46231f4bb4ff0ddb9ad643f023b1ca6561ce02d731ab2f2fc2">''[[:d:Q105882484|Taxonomy of the sporozoa]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]]<br/>[[Protisto|Protista]] | [[File:Malaria.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q204219|Q204219]] | [[Euryarchaeota]] | Euryarchaeota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Halobacteria.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q208580|Q208580]] | [[Entoprocta]] | Entoprocta<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Barentsa discreta suzukokemusi02.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q264543|Q264543]] | [[Chlorophyta]] | Chlorophyta<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Viridiplantae]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Ulvophyceae composite.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q459276|Q459276]] | [[Gnathostomulida]] | Gnathostomulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Gnathostomula paradoxa Sylt.tif|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q473747|Q473747]] | [[Chytridiomycota]] | Chytridiomycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Eumycota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Chytridiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Spizellomycete.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q473809|Q473809]] | [[Amoebozoa]] | Amoebozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ab4245d171ca4bc134853c75bbd29156738ecf599972dfd7a09b5d32fc4166fc">''[[:d:Q110094490|Handbuch der Morphologie der wirbellosen Tiere. Vol. 1]]''</ref> | [[Amorphea]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref><br/>[[Sarcomastigota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Amoebozoa.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q499078|Q499078]] | [[Crenarchaeota]] | Crenarchaeota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:RT8-4.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q499091|Q499091]] | [[Metamonada]] | Metamonada<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Excavata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Giardia lamblia.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q500497|Q500497]] | [[Cercozoa]] | Cercozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Rhizaria]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Cabozoa]]<ref name="ref_eb8f4182b34c0bc6aa9cf61e20312bb1c51fa4ad39fc1e8a71abf212f4f4c12b">''[[:d:Q28261633|Principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis: euglenoid, dinoflagellate, and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree]]''</ref> | [[File:Cercomonas sp.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q500531|Q500531]] | [[Haptophyta]] | Haptophyta<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_802acaa704182f044c5fde26b8cc8b7b63c1c9c3d15f61f10a60433407ac57fa">''[[:d:Q110221064|Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and available morphological data]]''</ref> | [[Haptista]]<ref name="ref_c9efd199c533dacedb4c96fcb7c6c45d8a130638058ce8c9b4536dd171de77e0">''[[:d:Q127708157|The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris]]''</ref> | [[File:Coccolithus pelagicus 07.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q502012|Q502012]] | [[Cycliophora]] | Cycliophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Symbion pandora wikipedia.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q504947|Q504947]] | [[Korarchaeota]] | Korarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Korarchaeota.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q548074|Q548074]] | [[Nanoarchaeota]] | Nanoarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Urzwerg.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q597831|Q597831]] | [[Aquificae]] | Aquificae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Venenivibrio.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q623375|Q623375]] | [[Chlorobacteria]] | Chlorobacteria | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Phylum-Chloroflexi-isolate-Anaerolineae-bacterium-HOT-439-is-dependent-on-a-helper-strain.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q645245|Q645245]] | [[Apusozoa]] | Apusozoa | [[Bikonta]] | [[File:Apusomonas.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q753723|Q753723]] | [[Glomeromycota]] | Glomeromycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3294b4563ef87fe76b2d4f35ae5f36e88603ea86ee1f9f7ffbe5c63d420f6d6b">''[[:d:Q21972835|A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution]]''</ref> | [[Eomycota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Mucoromyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Gigaspora margarita.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q851406|Q851406]] | [[Aschelminthes]] | Aschelminthes | [[protostome]] | [[File:Ascaris lumbricoides.jpeg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q875679|Q875679]] | [[Chlamydiae]] | Chlamydiae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:ChlamydiaTrachomatisEinschlusskörperchen.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q908484|Q908484]] | [[Tenericutes]] | Tenericutes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Spiro.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q921087|Q921087]] | [[Hyolitha]] | Hyolitha | [[Lophophorata]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref> | [[File:Hyoliths01.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1041942|Q1041942]] | [[Retaria]] | Retaria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Rhizaria]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Ammonia tepida.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1048772|Q1048772]] | [[Ochrophyta]] | Ochrophyta | [[Heterokonta]] | [[File:RedAlgaeStamp.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1061265|Q1061265]] | [[Bacteroidetes]] | Bacteroidetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacteroides biacutis 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1096964|Q1096964]] | [[Myzozoa]] | Myzozoa | [[Protozoa]] | [[File:Haeckel Peridinea.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1137677|Q1137677]] | [[Fusobacteria]] | Fusobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Fusobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Fusobacterium novum 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1140791|Q1140791]] | [[Blastocladiomycota]] | Blastocladiomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<br/>[[Blastocladiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Rozella allomycis2.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1146853|Q1146853]] | [[Thermotogae]] | Thermotogae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Thermotoga sketch.svg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1147292|Q1147292]] | [[Gemmatimonadetes]] | Gemmatimonadetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1186957|Q1186957]] | [[Thaumarchaeota]] | Thaumarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q1197160|Q1197160]] | [[Cephalorhyncha]] | Cephalorhyncha | [[Ecdysozoa]] | [[File:Pliciloricus enigmatus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1200941|Q1200941]] | [[Fibrobacteres]] | Fibrobacteres<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q1261437|Q1261437]] | [[Vetulicolia]] | Vetulicolia | [[Deuterostomia]] | [[File:Vetucolia.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1289758|Q1289758]] | [[Chloroflexi]] | Chloroflexi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Phylum-Chloroflexi-isolate-Anaerolineae-bacterium-HOT-439-is-dependent-on-a-helper-strain.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1318124|Q1318124]] | [[Synergistetes]] | Synergistetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Synergistetes.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1349731|Q1349731]] | [[Chrysiogenetes]] | Chrysiogenetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q1437858|Q1437858]] | [[Fornicata]] | Fornicata | [[Metamonada]] | [[File:DysnectesBrevis.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1782621|Q1782621]] | [[Telonemia]] | Telonemia<ref name="ref_3a6d30a20d30e94a37d36018cc8eecf43380d007805fcf21ed2359bc9642a9c4">''[[:d:Q23379060|Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ba96fb62023284fe1730c23752a29651d8fdd25e0b3f2d15de16bde335da90d">''[[:d:Q23380247|Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, telonemia and centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates]]''</ref> | [[Tsar]] | [[File:Telonema rivulare (contrast micrography).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2294279|Q2294279]] | [[Sarcomastigophora]] | Sarcomastigophora<ref name="ref_77dc7c512b6e5462385cf5b7c49ae88daf74152e08857d54d9948f20bc38a850">''[[:d:Q54493498|A Revised Classification of the Phylum Protozoa*]]''</ref> | [[Protozoa]]<br/>[[Protisto|Protista]] | [[File:Gbulloides.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2334797|Q2334797]] | [[Trilobozoa]] | Trilobozoa | [[Eumetazoa]]<br/>[[animal]] | [[File:Tribrachiidae.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2512784|Q2512784]] | [[Vendozoa]] | Vendobionta<ref name="ref_fe61fc438eba64bbeb2f5b429d77af9885216792315cff23c26e3a2ec3734728">''[[:d:Q55895557|Vendobionta and Psammocorallia: lost constructions of Precambrian evolution]]''</ref> | [[animal]] | [[File:DickinsoniaCostata.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2566978|Q2566978]] | [[Proarticulata]] | Proarticulata | [[Bilateria]] | [[File:Dickinsonia Archaeaspinus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2823622|Q2823622]] | [[Actinopoda]] | Actinopoda<ref name="ref_3d36609571cf0428a374b752f5c308e8434d1421a68d06061b54862fc9652ea9">''[[:d:Q29452358|A short biography of Hubert Ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph Die Seewalzen (1889–1892)]]''</ref> | [[eucaryote]] | [[File:Actinophrys sol.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3347027|Q3347027]] | [[Nemathelminthes]] | Nemathelminthes | [[animal]] | [[File:Roundworm.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3376321|Q3376321]] | [[Petalonamae]] | Petalonamae | [[animal]] | [[File:Charnia.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3508193|Q3508193]] | [[Syndermata]] | Syndermata | [[Platyzoa]] | [[File:Bdelloid.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3555432|Q3555432]] | [[Vendozoa]] | Vendozoa<ref name="ref_7a692d549cfcd9ca82e792db888888ffae536fdaa97b630b7e62602bd301ad7e">''[[:d:Q56001354|Vendozoa: Organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere]]''</ref> | [[animal]] | [[File:DickinsoniaCostata.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3570860|Q3570860]] | [[Xenacoelomorpha]] | Xenacoelomorpha<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Deuterostomia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Bilateria]]<ref name="ref_32b050f9596d0885e951362d83811c4173a265bfe5c3607fb865c64500abb104">''[[:d:Q29305163|Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa]]''</ref><br/>[[Xenambulacraria]] | [[File:Proporus sp.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q4033604|Q4033604]] | [[Aigarchaeota]] | Aigarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q4792907|Q4792907]] | [[Armatimonadetes]] | Armatimonadetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_02ef276519854a01f66486d26a78484b187383278872729a929c119896f92f7f">''[[:d:Q33630155|Armatimonas rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., of a novel bacterial phylum, Armatimonadetes phyl. nov., formally called the candidate phylum OP10.]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q4907045|Q4907045]] | [[Bigyra]] | Bigyra | [[Heterokonta]] | [[File:Aplanosem.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5031741|Q5031741]] | [[Saccharibacteria]] | Saccharibacteria | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q5113799|Q5113799]] | [[Chromerida]] | Chromerida | [[Alveolata]] | | |- | [[:d:Q5114906|Q5114906]] | [[Chrysophyta]] | Chrysophyta | [[Stramenopiles]]<br/>[[Protisto|Protista]]<br/>[[Chromista]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref> | [[File:Alger, Botydium granulatum, Nordisk familjebok.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5365047|Q5365047]] | [[Pseudofungi]] | Pseudofungi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Stramenopiles]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Water mold Mizukabi colony.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5367954|Q5367954]] | [[Elusimicrobia]] | Elusimicrobia<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q5376372|Q5376372]] | [[Endomyxa]] | Endomyxa | [[Rhizaria]]<ref name="ref_d6ddbab10ac7ee97f02e92018dda7d2b18e4bf25576f2edb4e27e7c9b4ff16e4">''[[:d:Q125775961|On the phenology of protists: recurrent patterns reveal seasonal variation of protistan (Rhizaria: Cercozoa and Endomyxa) communities in tree canopies]]''</ref> | [[File:Collection Penard MHNG Specimen 427-1-1 Gromia brunneri.tif|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q7576782|Q7576782]] | [[Sphingobacteria]] | Sphingobacteria | [[bacterio]] | [[File:Bacteroides biacutis 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q9358965|Q9358965]] | [[Pyrrophyta]] | Pyrrophyta | [[eucaryote]] | | |- | [[:d:Q9642991|Q9642991]] | [[Bacillariophyta]] | Bacillariophyta | [[Chromista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q9810870|Q9810870]] | [[Bacteroidota]] | Bacteroidota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacteroides biacutis 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q9850230|Q9850230]] | [[Conjugatophyta]] | Conjugatophyta | [[Chlorobionts]] | | |- | [[:d:Q10278368|Q10278368]] | [[Euthallophyta]] | Euthallophyta | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q10286677|Q10286677]] | [[Elusimicrobiota]] | Elusimicrobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q10317255|Q10317255]] | [[Lentisphaerota]] | Lentisphaerota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q10334205|Q10334205]] | [[Myxomycota]] | Myxomycota | [[Protisto|Protista]] | [[File:Tubifera ferruginosa 52288.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q10640455|Q10640455]] | [[Picozoa]] | Picozoa<ref name="ref_6f84893f17d7dac5f1f35e78e801676446c737f5807c18239365a578d6349f8b">''[[:d:Q21089798|Picomonas judraskeda Gen. Et Sp. Nov.: The First Identified Member of the Picozoa Phylum Nov., a Widespread Group of Picoeukaryotes, Formerly Known as ‘Picobiliphytes’]]''</ref> | [[Archaeplastida]] | [[File:Picomonas judraskeda.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q11299399|Q11299399]] | [[Cryptista]] | Cryptista<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pancryptista]]<ref name="ref_c9efd199c533dacedb4c96fcb7c6c45d8a130638058ce8c9b4536dd171de77e0">''[[:d:Q127708157|The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris]]''</ref><br/>[[Hacrobia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 6743 SEM Cryptophyte.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12063165|Q12063165]] | [[Fibrobacterota]] | Fibrobacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | phylo de bacterios |- | [[:d:Q12217510|Q12217510]] | [[Armatimonadota]] | Armatimonadota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q12651951|Q12651951]] | [[Chlorobi]] | Chlorobi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Green d winogradsky.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12652693|Q12652693]] | [[Deferribacteres]] | Deferribacteres<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q12673555|Q12673555]] | [[Spirochaete]] | Spirochaetae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:20100905 211652 Spirochetes.jpg|center|32px]] | phylo e classe de bacterios |- | [[:d:Q12673556|Q12673556]] | [[Spirochaete|Spirochaetes]] | Spirochaetes<br/>Spirochaetota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref><br/>[[Spirochaete]] | [[File:20100905 211652 Spirochetes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12746761|Q12746761]] | [[Preaxostyla]] | Preaxostyla | [[Excavata]] | | |- | [[:d:Q12772144|Q12772144]] | [[Myxosporidia]] | Myxosporidia | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q12962137|Q12962137]] | [[Pseudomonadota]] | Pseudomonadota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12962791|Q12962791]] | [[Chlorobiota]] | Chlorobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Green d winogradsky.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12963338|Q12963338]] | [[Dictyoglomi]] | Dictyoglomi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Negibacteria]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q12963847|Q12963847]] | [[Methanobacteriota]] | Methanobacteriota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Halobacteria.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12968254|Q12968254]] | [[Mycoplasmatota]] | Mycoplasmatota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Spiro.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12971472|Q12971472]] | [[Synergistota]] | Synergistota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Synergistetes.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q13012345|Q13012345]] | [[Cyanophyta]] | Cyanophyta | [[Negibacteria]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q13014476|Q13014476]] | [[Schizomycophyta]] | Schizomycophyta | [[Prokaryota]] | | |- | [[:d:Q13392618|Q13392618]] | [[Entomophthoromycota]] | Entomophthoromycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref> | [[File:Entomophthora muscae on Scathophaga stercoraria (lateral view).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q14562931|Q14562931]] | [[Magnoliophyta]] | Magnoliophyta<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref> | [[Spermatophyta]]<br/>[[Cycadophytanae]] | [[File:Magnoliafraseri rt1.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q15156941|Q15156941]] | [[Perkinsozoa]] | Perkinsozoa<ref name="ref_77dfd8970bd2bf14090bf4300c1d002007cc78a4a2b6e598d9de32feee6f3950">''[[:d:Q56038565|Parvilucifera infectans norén et moestrup gen. et sp. nov. (perkinsozoa phylum nov.): a parasitic flagellate capable of killing toxic microalgae]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]] | | taxon |- | [[:d:Q15283231|Q15283231]] | [[Loukozoa]] | Loukozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Excavata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Malawimonasms.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q16118567|Q16118567]] | [[Nitrososphaerota]] | Nitrososphaerota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:ThaspiviridaeFig1rv2.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q17504643|Q17504643]] | [[Aphelida]] | Aphelida<ref name="ref_185afa0acd75b325098430683495cb0acd61ad3f71735cb5b4e6cd28db4cd38c">''[[:d:Q21131107|Morphology, phylogeny, and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia]]''</ref> | [[Opisthosporidia]] | [[File:Amoeboaphelidium.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18636217|Q18636217]] | [[Micrognathozoa]] | Micrognathozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Limnognathia maerski.PNG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18647867|Q18647867]] | [[Lentisphaerae]] | Lentisphaerae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q18667425|Q18667425]] | [[Verrucomicrobia]] | Verrucomicrobia<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14a405d37222afc2a5fd122a43b7ba0323ff94c1ffc61672c369b6afa236fe03">''[[:d:Q36882454|Verrucomicrobia div. nov., a new division of the bacteria containing three new species of Prosthecobacter]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f60752922dfd8784bc96d8c8f468baf4600cf2b4a9fb2b90ed69204c6e6cde49">''[[:d:Q33637195|Cerasicoccus maritimus sp. nov. and Cerasicoccus frondis sp. nov., two peptidoglycan-less marine verrucomicrobial species, and description of Verrucomicrobia phyl. nov., nom. rev.]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:TEM - Epixenosomes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18674593|Q18674593]] | [[Planctomycetota]] | Planctomycetota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Figure-2-Scanning-electron-micrograph-of-P.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18674594|Q18674594]] | [[Planctomycetes]] | Planctomycetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Santarella plosbio 2010 gemmata obscuriglobus fig3.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q19683970|Q19683970]] | [[Deferribacterota]] | Deferribacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q19868361|Q19868361]] | [[Lokiarchaeota]] | Lokiarchaeota<ref name="ref_4adb43d2d2facce52a651d6074856d685756fa9a52691580162aadfb614c76d2">''[[:d:Q22809057|Complex archaea that bridge the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes]]''</ref> | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20388896|Q20388896]] | [[Chlamydiota]] | Chlamydiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:ChlamydiaTrachomatisEinschlusskörperchen.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q20641774|Q20641774]] | [[Mastigomycota]] | Mastigomycota | [[Eumycota]] | | |- | [[:d:Q20643853|Q20643853]] | [[Thermodesulfobacteria]] | Thermodesulfobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20721206|Q20721206]] | [[Melainabacteria]] | Melainabacteria | [[Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20751938|Q20751938]] | [[Nitrospirae]] | Nitrospirae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20804840|Q20804840]] | [[Caldiserica]] | Caldiserica<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2f1338e18d27781ad188f99c4efb0138bd47ca4011fafa0455d096c8b78ff992">''[[:d:Q33486346|Caldisericum exile gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic, filamentous bacterium of a novel bacterial phylum, Caldiserica phyl. nov., originally called the candidate phylum OP5, and description of Caldisericaceae fam. nov., Caldisericales o]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q21092088|Q21092088]] | [[Sulcozoa]] | Sulcozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Sarcomastigota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Apusomonas.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21286613|Q21286613]] | [[Heterokontophyta]] | Heterokontophyta | [[Heterokonta]] | [[File:Giantkelp2 300.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21293795|Q21293795]] | [[Monoblastozoa]] | Monoblastozoa<ref name="ref_1564da301e83b5d97bf5a357b80f94ddc4320ba1509c91b52cbd38a11c2bcb66">''[[:d:Q51456687|Classification of the animal kingdom]]''</ref> | [[animal]] | [[File:Salinella salve Frenzel.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21397920|Q21397920]] | [[Clostridium tetani E88]] | Clostridium tetani E88 | [[Clostridium tetani]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21439067|Q21439067]] | [[Aquificota]] | Aquificota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Venenivibrio.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21439314|Q21439314]] | [[Chrysiogenota]] | Chrysiogenota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q21441825|Q21441825]] | [[Fusobacteriota]] | Fusobacteriota | [[Fusobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Fusobacterium novum 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21442539|Q21442539]] | [[Chloroflexota]] | Chloroflexota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Phylum-Chloroflexi-isolate-Anaerolineae-bacterium-HOT-439-is-dependent-on-a-helper-strain.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21445621|Q21445621]] | [[Neomonada]] | Neomonada | [[Opimoda|Neozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21445839|Q21445839]] | [[Opalozoa]] | Opalozoa | [[Bigyra]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446030|Q21446030]] | [[Granuloreticulosa]] | Granuloreticulosa | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446061|Q21446061]] | [[Ascetospora]] | Ascetospora<ref name="ref_05b76844e293ed05b5e8d83c431f65580cf714a96e7fafa867717d1a6ed1c182">''[[:d:Q108899521|Classification of the Haplosporidia]]''</ref> | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446189|Q21446189]] | [[Haptomonada]] | Haptomonada | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446445|Q21446445]] | [[Plasmodiophoromycota]] | Plasmodiophoromycota | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446765|Q21446765]] | [[Protomonada]] | Protomonada | [[Flagelloopalinida]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446795|Q21446795]] | [[Prymnesiophyta]] | Prymnesiophyta | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446800|Q21446800]] | [[Karyoblastea]] | Karyoblastea | [[Rhizopoda]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446920|Q21446920]] | [[Pyrrhophyta]] | Pyrrhophyta | [[Pyrrophyta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446977|Q21446977]] | [[Chrysomonada]] | Chrysomonada | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447010|Q21447010]] | [[Raphidophyta]] | Raphidophyta | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447146|Q21447146]] | [[Dicyemida]] | Dicyemida | [[protostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Dicyema macrocephalum.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447237|Q21447237]] | [[Thermoproteota]] | Thermoproteota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:RT8-4.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447509|Q21447509]] | [[Dinophyta]] | Dinophyta | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447667|Q21447667]] | [[Miozoa]] | Miozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Oxyrrhis marina.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447813|Q21447813]] | [[Tetramastigota]] | Tetramastigota | [[eucaryote]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447826|Q21447826]] | [[Thermodesulfobacteriota]] | Thermodesulfobacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447831|Q21447831]] | [[Thraustochytriacea]] | Thraustochytriacea | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21448006|Q21448006]] | [[Xanthophyta]] | Xanthophyta | [[Chromista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21448056|Q21448056]] | [[Zoomastigina]] | Zoomastigina | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21573733|Q21573733]] | [[Rappemonada]] | Rappemonada | [[Hacrobia]] | | |- | [[:d:Q22094454|Q22094454]] | [[Percolozoa]] | Percolozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Discoba]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref> | [[File:Naegleria (formes).png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q22113496|Q22113496]] | [[Dictyoglomota]] | Dictyoglomota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q22159986|Q22159986]] | [[Hepatophyta]] | Hepatophyta | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q23044259|Q23044259]] | [[Sphenophyta]] | Sphenophyta | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q23419047|Q23419047]] | [[Problematica]] | Problematica | [[animal]] | [[File:Problematica Silurica (Plate 2) (7629246330).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q24088016|Q24088016]] | [[Discomitochondria]] | Discomitochondria | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q24150684|Q24150684]] | [[Agmata]] | Agmata | [[animal]] | [[File:StadtmuseumBerlin GeologischeSammlung SM-2012-1604.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q24975421|Q24975421]] | [[Poribacteria]] | Poribacteria | [[bacterio]] | [[File:Poribacteria localisation using correlative microscopy.gif|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25228461|Q25228461]] | [[Verrucomicrobiota]] | Verrucomicrobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:TEM - Epixenosomes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25508584|Q25508584]] | [[Parvarchaeota]] | Parvarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:25K15pA9Def4sec Arman 4 Box1.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25508587|Q25508587]] | [[Diapherotrites]] | Diapherotrites | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q25508591|Q25508591]] | [[Aenigmarchaeota]] | Aenigmarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q25519942|Q25519942]] | [[Bacillota]] | Bacillota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25539559|Q25539559]] | [[Psilophyta]] | Psilophyta | [[planta]] | [[File:Psilotum.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25577567|Q25577567]] | [[Cyanobacteriota]] | Cyanobacteriota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:201208 Cyanobacteria.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25834462|Q25834462]] | [[Euglenozoa]] | Euglenozoa<ref name="ref_f9911c01cb81196762d2c6675b2d790f9a923331f602282f796e7af4ea25d82d">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536202</ref><ref name="ref_e42897ef28ca1fbc09977e9a4a2b32bbcf01800c47a324caca5014b17fe73964">''[[:d:Q22919249|Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?]]''</ref> | [[Euglenozoa]]<ref name="ref_f9911c01cb81196762d2c6675b2d790f9a923331f602282f796e7af4ea25d82d">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536202</ref><ref name="ref_772a9b96f11299bb1ce0d28c2a3a6e4244c6b6d8b24ff822acd47644eb07410d">http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=117576</ref><br/>[[Discicristata]]<ref name="ref_614fb8f075f79819a8e5dacfa2ef160947f7237cfd6bac90b82407d11bdf8b00">''[[:d:Q30885386|The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa]]''</ref> | [[File:Euglena sp..jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q26209713|Q26209713]] | [[Rhodothermaeota]] | Rhodothermaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26220359|Q26220359]] | [[Ignavibacteriota]] | Ignavibacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26714852|Q26714852]] | [[Nitrospinae]] | Nitrospinae | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827889|Q26827889]] | [[Acetothermia]] | Acetothermia | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827898|Q26827898]] | [[Aerophobetes]] | Aerophobetes | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827901|Q26827901]] | [[Aminicenantes]] | Aminicenantes | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827906|Q26827906]] | [[Hydrogenedentes]] | Hydrogenedentes | [[Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827909|Q26827909]] | [[Micrarchaeota]] | Micrarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827910|Q26827910]] | [[Woesearchaeota]] | Woesearchaeota | [[DPANN]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827912|Q26827912]] | [[Pacearchaeota]] | Pacearchaeota | [[DPANN]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827914|Q26827914]] | [[Bathyarchaeota]] | Bathyarchaeota | [[TACK]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827915|Q26827915]] | [[Geoarchaeota]] | Geoarchaeota | [[archeo]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26869732|Q26869732]] | [[Ignavibacteriae]] | Ignavibacteriae<ref name="ref_51ce1d7c1b510fc1cc914c148b06054cf3f25e3e422923184555cad17f3922c6">''[[:d:Q45327616|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26920574|Q26920574]] | [[Calescibacteriota]] | Calescamantes | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26920948|Q26920948]] | [[Pyropristinus]] | Pyropristinus | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26921036|Q26921036]] | [[Latescibacteriota]] | Latescibacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26959588|Q26959588]] | [[Cloacimonetes]] | Cloacimonetes | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26962485|Q26962485]] | [[Fervidibacteria]] | Fervidibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26967716|Q26967716]] | [[Gracilibacteria]] | Gracilibacteria | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26970560|Q26970560]] | [[Marinimicrobia]] | "Candidatus Marinimicrobia" | [[Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26997057|Q26997057]] | [[Parcubacteria]] | Parcubacteria | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q27001824|Q27001824]] | [[Omnitrophica]] | Omnitrophica | [[Planctobacteria]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27067426|Q27067426]] | [[Modulibacteria]] | Modulibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27067589|Q27067589]] | [[Berkelbacteria]] | Berkelbacteria | [[CPR group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27075862|Q27075862]] | [[Absconditabacteria]] | Absconditabacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27076080|Q27076080]] | [[Katanobacteria]] | Katanobacteria | [[CPR group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27077239|Q27077239]] | [[Zixibacteria]] | Zixibacteria | [[Sphingobacteria]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27101797|Q27101797]] | [[Kryptonia]] | Kryptonia | [[Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27102094|Q27102094]] | [[Rokubacteria]] | Rokubacteria | [[Gracilicutes]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27102375|Q27102375]] | [[Peregrinibacteria]] | Peregrinibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27114078|Q27114078]] | [[Wirthbacteria]] | Wirthbacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27116672|Q27116672]] | [[Beckwithbacteria]] | Beckwithbacteria | [[Microgenomates]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27116707|Q27116707]] | [[Collierbacteria]] | Collierbacteria | [[Microgenomates]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27146460|Q27146460]] | [[Adlerbacteria]] | Adlerbacteria | [[CPR group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27668676|Q27668676]] | [[Thorarchaeota]] | Thorarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27928169|Q27928169]] | [[Mucoromycota]] | Mucoromycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]] | [[File:Mucoromycota.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q28052236|Q28052236]] | [[Entorrhizomycota]] | Entorrhizomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Dikarya]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q28777755|Q28777755]] | [[Balneolaeota]] | Balneolaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q29166402|Q29166402]] | [[Haplospora]] | Haplospora | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q43032442|Q43032442]] | [[Corbihelia]] | Corbihelia | [[Cryptista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q45909159|Q45909159]] | [[Entamoebia]] | Entamoebia<ref name="ref_6a3224ed9e9612f3b161f90deafb215ffecae36153e66735b907fd7bacda7748">''[[:d:Q24634634|Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla]]''</ref> | [[Opimoda|Neozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q48846920|Q48846920]] | [[Myxococcota]] | Myxococcota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q49408504|Q49408504]] | [[Gemmatimonadota]] | Gemmatimonadota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q53818217|Q53818217]] | [[Aphelidiomycota]] | Aphelidiomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | [[Aphelidiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Amoeboaphelidium.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q53818226|Q53818226]] | [[Basidiobolomycota]] | Basidiobolomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Basidiobolomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q54281951|Q54281951]] | [[Kickxellomycota]] | Kickxellomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q54463178|Q54463178]] | [[Monoblepharomycota]] | Monoblepharomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | [[Chytridiomycota]]<br/>[[Chytridiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Monoblephs 002.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q54463182|Q54463182]] | [[Mortierellomycota]] | Mortierellomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q54653006|Q54653006]] | [[Olpidiomycota]] | Olpidiomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Olpidiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56354566|Q56354566]] | [[Rhodothermota]] | Rhodothermota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56354595|Q56354595]] | [[Calditrichaeota]] | Calditrichaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56354628|Q56354628]] | [[Balneolota]] | Balneolota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56702807|Q56702807]] | [[Heimdallarchaeota]] | Heimdallarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q56704336|Q56704336]] | [[Calditrichota]] | Calditrichota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56706714|Q56706714]] | [[Odinarchaeota]] | Odinarchaeota | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q57737752|Q57737752]] | [[Negarnaviricota]] | Negarnaviricota<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[File:Negarnaviricota montage.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q57899030|Q57899030]] | [[Coprothermobacterota]] | Coprothermobacterota<ref name="ref_5adebfffdd6e1a7375f0d21bc4d1d54f640873304318658c72f86dbab967138f">''[[:d:Q51143933|Proposal for a new classification of a deep branching bacterial phylogenetic lineage: transfer of Coprothermobacter proteolyticus and Coprothermobacter platensis to Coprothermobacteraceae fam. nov., within Coprothermobacterales ord. nov., Coprotherm]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q58687931|Q58687931]] | [[Hemimastigophora]] | Hemimastigophora<ref name="ref_58dfc1d83951e35703b2a2a1aba78948c7015d0ae4a435375316002039078fa3">''[[:d:Q85570914|The hemimastigophora (Hemimastix amphikineta nov. gen., nov. spec.), a new protistan phylum from gondwanian soils]]''</ref> | [[eucaryote]] | [[File:Hemimastix amphikineta.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q60572600|Q60572600]] | [[Nitrospirota]] | Nitrospirota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q61057246|Q61057246]] | [[Abditibacteriota]] | Abditibacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q62066295|Q62066295]] | [[Kiritimatiellaeota]] | Kiritimatiellaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q62573436|Q62573436]] | [[Actinomycetota]] | Actinomycetota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Actinomyces israelii.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q65598611|Q65598611]] | [[Helarchaeota]] | Helarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q73346622|Q73346622]] | [[Acidobacteraeota]] | Acidobacteraeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q73346628|Q73346628]] | [[Acidobacterium group]] | Acidobacterium group | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q73346630|Q73346630]] | [[Acidobacterio|Acidobacteriota]] | Acidobacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Acidobacterium.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q79918695|Q79918695]] | [[Verstraetearchaeota]] | Verstraetearchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q79969204|Q79969204]] | [[Altiarchaeota]] | Altiarchaeota | [[DPANN]] | | |- | [[:d:Q81642167|Q81642167]] | [[Rozellomycota]] | Rozellomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref> | [[Rozellomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q87745169|Q87745169]] | [[Hydrothermarchaeota]] | Hydrothermarchaeota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q87991691|Q87991691]] | [[Marsarchaeota]] | Marsarchaeota | [[TACK]] | | |- | [[:d:Q88926185|Q88926185]] | [[Deinococcota]] | Deinococcota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Deinococcus radiodurans.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q92194055|Q92194055]] | [[Peploviricota]] | Peploviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Heunggongvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194132|Q92194132]] | [[Uroviricota]] | Uroviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Heunggongvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194209|Q92194209]] | [[Hofneiviricota]] | Hofneiviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Loebvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194276|Q92194276]] | [[Phixviricota]] | Phixviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Sangervirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194353|Q92194353]] | [[Cossaviricota]] | Cossaviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Shotokuvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194437|Q92194437]] | [[Cressdnaviricota]] | Cressdnaviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Shotokuvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194516|Q92194516]] | [[Saleviricota]] | Saleviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Trapavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194594|Q92194594]] | [[Duplornaviricota]] | Duplornaviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194673|Q92194673]] | [[Kitrinoviricota]] | Kitrinoviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194739|Q92194739]] | [[Lenarviricota]] | Lenarviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194811|Q92194811]] | [[Pisuviricota]] | Pisuviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194888|Q92194888]] | [[Artverviricota]] | Artverviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Pararnavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[File:Retrovirus.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q92194946|Q92194946]] | [[Nucleocytoviricota]] | Nucleocytoviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Bamfordvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[File:Megavirus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q92195021|Q92195021]] | [[Preplasmiviricota]] | Preplasmiviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Bamfordvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92195085|Q92195085]] | [[Dividoviricota]] | Dividoviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Helvetiavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q93682123|Q93682123]] | [[Margulisbacteria]] | Margulisbacteria | [[Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q96376180|Q96376180]] | [[Delphibacteria]] | Delphibacteria | [[Sphingobacteria]] | | |- | [[:d:Q96377874|Q96377874]] | [[Fermentibacteria]] | Fermentibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q96379822|Q96379822]] | [[Altimarinota]] | Altimarinota | [[CPR group]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q96394625|Q96394625]] | [[NC10 phylum]] | NC10 | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q96406155|Q96406155]] | [[Psilophytophyta]] | Psilophytophyta | [[Embryophyta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q97066136|Q97066136]] | [[Candidatus Cryosericota]] | Cryosericota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q97381227|Q97381227]] | [[Thermotogota]] | Thermotogota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Thermotoga sketch.svg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q98163206|Q98163206]] | [[Prasinodermatophyta]] | Prasinodermatophyta<ref name="ref_5631ca20a38193263affb5106e125eff9a45b825d04393ee636b119cdad1bec1">''[[:d:Q96641117|The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants]]''</ref> | [[Chloroplastida]] | [[File:Palmophyllum crassum as Palmophyllum flabellatum.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q98569717|Q98569717]] | [[Dormibacteraeota]] | Dormibacteraeota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q98608871|Q98608871]] | [[Kiritimatiellota]] | Kiritimatiellota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q99238832|Q99238832]] | [[Nomurabacteria]] | Nomurabacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q100742333|Q100742333]] | [[Eumycophyta]] | Eumycophyta | [[fungo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q100742412|Q100742412]] | [[Myxomycophyta]] | Myxomycophyta | [[fungo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q100787227|Q100787227]] | [[Eremiobacteraeota]] | Eremiobacteraeota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q105320684|Q105320684]] | [[Nitrospinota]] | Nitrospinota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q106691990|Q106691990]] | [[Sifarchaeota]] | Sifarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q106938144|Q106938144]] | [[Taleaviricota]] | Taleaviricota<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Zilligvirae]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q108072710|Q108072710]] | [[Caulochytriomycota]] | Caulochytriomycota | [[Chytridiomyceta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q108389880|Q108389880]] | [[Sanchytriomycota]] | Sanchytriomycota | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | [[File:Sanchytrid cells Fig1.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q109377432|Q109377432]] | [[Huberarchaeota]] | Huberarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q110712107|Q110712107]] | [[Thermomicrobia]] | Thermomicrobia | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q110746365|Q110746365]] | [[Atribacterota]] | Atribacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:41467 2020 20149 Fig1f.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q110917266|Q110917266]] | [[Nanohaloarchaeota]] | Nanohaloarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q111169035|Q111169035]] | [[Bdellovibrionota]] | Bdellovibrionota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Slice from electron cryotomogram of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cell.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q111686092|Q111686092]] | [[Undinarchaeota]] | Undinarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q113867475|Q113867475]] | [[Njordarchaeota]] | Njordarchaeota | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q113882847|Q113882847]] | [[sporae dispersae]] | sporae dispersae | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q117089091|Q117089091]] | [[Moresnetiophyta]] | Moresnetiophyta | [[Cycadophytanae]] | | |- | [[:d:Q117323675|Q117323675]] | [[Actinobacteriota]] | Actinobacteriota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119526751|Q119526751]] | [[Caldisericota]] | Caldisericota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119788827|Q119788827]] | [[Annelida]] | Annelida | [[Lophozoa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119788836|Q119788836]] | [[Ctenophora]] | Ctenophora | | | |- | [[:d:Q119788837|Q119788837]] | [[Cnidaria]] | Cnidaria | [[Radiata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119822695|Q119822695]] | [[Saccharimonadota]] | Saccharimonadota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119841401|Q119841401]] | [[Spironematellophyta]] | Spironematellophyta | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q121290984|Q121290984]] | [[Candidatus Auribacterota]] | Auribacterota<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q121887854|Q121887854]] | [[Priapula]] | Priapula | | | |- | [[:d:Q121887868|Q121887868]] | [[Acanthocephala (cins)]] | Acanthocephala | | | |- | [[:d:Q122973879|Q122973879]] | [[Nanobdellota]] | Nanobdellota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Urzwerg.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q123461054|Q123461054]] | [[Methylomirabilota]] | Methylomirabilota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q123631188|Q123631188]] | [[Thermomicrobiota]] | Thermomicrobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q124140374|Q124140374]] | [[Langiophytophyta]] | Langiophytophyta | [[Bryobiotina]] | [[File:Aglaophyton major reconstruccion en.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q124318339|Q124318339]] | [[Microcaldota]] | Microcaldota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q124653641|Q124653641]] | [[Brockarchaeota]] | Brockarchaeota | [[archeo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q124736019|Q124736019]] | [[Aminicenantota]] | Aminicenantota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q125044953|Q125044953]] | [[Saccorhytida]] | Saccorhytida | [[Ecdysozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q127598725|Q127598725]] | [[Candidatus Babelota]] | Candidatus Babelota<ref name="ref_a2a626b36040c9cc7c50aecc55770281ec611775daf45f37c012f15102a0c642">''[[:d:Q36647264|Comparative Genomics of Candidate Phylum TM6 Suggests That Parasitism Is Widespread and Ancestral in This Lineage.]]''</ref> | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q127686997|Q127686997]] | [[Nebulidia]] | Nebulidia | [[Provora]] | | |- | [[:d:Q127687643|Q127687643]] | [[Halobacteriota]] | Halobacteriota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128247205|Q128247205]] | [[Cloacimonadota]] | Cloacimonadota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128247315|Q128247315]] | [[Muiribacteriota]] | Muiribacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q128247694|Q128247694]] | [[Elulimicrobiota]] | Elulimicrobiota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q128504387|Q128504387]] | [[Hadarchaeota]] | Hadarchaeota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128598620|Q128598620]] | [[Desulfobacterota]] | Desulfobacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128598652|Q128598652]] | [[Bipolaricaulota]] | Bipolaricaulota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128635785|Q128635785]] | [[Asgardarchaeota]] | Asgardarchaeota | [[archeo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q128788757|Q128788757]] | [[Promethearchaeota]] | Promethearchaeota | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q130259571|Q130259571]] | [[Thermoplasmatota]] | Thermoplasmatota<ref name="ref_4c90cde234f10f42a4d5ba252a0894f21547c3717d68972f14682f2b81766ad7">''[[:d:Q123289567|Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes]]''</ref> | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q130427981|Q130427981]] | [[Nibbleridia]] | Nibbleridia | [[Provora]] | [[File:Outline drawing of Ubysseya fretuma.svg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q131299205|Q131299205]] | [[Campylobacterota]] | Campylobacterota<ref name="ref_ab8cedfdaeb57dda04aad9965d1c480c5f2185b2fae158f356311076ef6983f1">''[[:d:Q124791084|Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131585232|Q131585232]] | [[Sysuimicrobiota]] | Sysuimicrobiota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q131585276|Q131585276]] | [[Eremiobacterota]] | Eremiobacterota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131822313|Q131822313]] | [[Iainarchaeota]] | Iainarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131987420|Q131987420]] | [[Nanohalarchaeota]] | Nanohalarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131988525|Q131988525]] | [[Poseidoniota]] | Poseidoniota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q132852528|Q132852528]] | [[Minisyncoccota]] | Minisyncoccota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q133292922|Q133292922]] | [[Patescibacteriota]] | Patescibacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q134283829|Q134283829]] | [[Fidelibacterota]] | Fidelibacterota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q134389434|Q134389434]] | [[Vulcanimicrobiota]] | Vulcanimicrobiota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135012866|Q135012866]] | [[Freyrarchaeota]] | Freyrarchaeota | [[archeo]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135031819|Q135031819]] | [[Hodarchaeota]] | Hodarchaeota | [[archeo]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135038427|Q135038427]] | [[Nezhaarchaeota]] | Nezhaarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135489975|Q135489975]] | [[Hydrothermota]] | Hydrothermota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q135494149|Q135494149]] | [[Augarchaeota]] | Augarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135494257|Q135494257]] | [[Aenigmatarchaeota]] | Aenigmatarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135657034|Q135657034]] | [[Dormibacterota]] | Candidatus Dormibacterota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q135686940|Q135686940]] | [[Muellerivitota]] | Muellerivitota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q135686941|Q135686941]] | [[Oederibacteriota]] | Oederibacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q136768066|Q136768066]] | [[Acidulidesulfobacteriota]] | Acidulidesulfobacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q136773909|Q136773909]] | [[Desulfotomaculota]] | Desulfotomaculota | | | |- | [[:d:Q136912989|Q136912989]] | [[Caelestes]] | Caelestes | [[Membrifera]] | | |- | [[:d:Q136956224|Q136956224]] | [[Ryujiniota]] | Ryujiniota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q138425208|Q138425208]] | [[Dictyoglomerota]] | Dictyoglomerota<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |} ---- &sum; 365 items. {{Wikidata list end}} 9jjli3x4af2ua2vbh180pbbmtysms65 102 39529 697083 697010 2026-06-08T13:20:09Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q509686 } |wdq= |columns=item,P41,P94,label,P242,P300,P36,description |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! imagine del bandiera ! imagine del scuto ! label ! position geographic ! ISO 3166-2 ! capital ! description |- | [[:d:Q166706|Q166706]] | | | ''[[:d:Q166706|San Pablo Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province San Pablo in Cajamarca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1134076|San Pablo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q188098|Q188098]] | [[File:Bandera de la provincia de Lauricocha.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q188098|Lauricocha Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Lauricocha.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q125646|Jesús]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q268277|Q268277]] | [[File:Bandera de Luya.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q268277|Luya Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Luya.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2475775|Lámud]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q384980|Q384980]] | | | ''[[:d:Q384980|Morropón Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Morropón in Piura.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1089449|Chulucanas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q514494|Q514494]] | | | ''[[:d:Q514494|La Mar Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2726675|San Miguel, La Mar Province]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q537708|Q537708]] | | | ''[[:d:Q537708|Vilcas Huamán Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2475760|Vilcashuamán]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q546559|Q546559]] | | | ''[[:d:Q546559|Chiclayo province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q260911|Chiclayo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q548556|Q548556]] | | | ''[[:d:Q548556|Padre Abad Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2723604|Aguaytía]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q549969|Q549969]] | | [[File:Escudo de Parinacochas - Coracora.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q549969|Parinacochas Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q763662|Coracora]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q578912|Q578912]] | | | ''[[:d:Q578912|Chincheros Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q878820|Chincheros]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q579240|Q579240]] | [[File:Flag of Lima.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lima.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q579240|Lima]]'' | [[File:Location of Lima Province in Peru.svg|center|48px]] | PE-LMA | [[Lima]] | |- | [[:d:Q579906|Q579906]] | [[File:Bandera de Pucallpa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Pucallpa.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q579906|Coronel Portillo Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Atalaya in Ucayali.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q217071|Pucallpa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q583300|Q583300]] | | | ''[[:d:Q583300|Otuzco Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3056421|Otuzco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q584864|Q584864]] | | | ''[[:d:Q584864|Chumbivilcas Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Chumbivilcas in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1974445|Santo Tomás]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q588491|Q588491]] | | | ''[[:d:Q588491|San Martín Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q927933|Tarapoto]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q589047|Q589047]] | | | ''[[:d:Q589047|Jorge Basadre Province]]'' | [[File:Location of Tacna region.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2989650|Locumba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q590394|Q590394]] | | | ''[[:d:Q590394|Picota Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344087|Picota]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q601118|Q601118]] | [[File:Flag of Arequipa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Armas de Arequipa.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q601118|Arequipa Province]]'' | | | [[Arequipa]] | |- | [[:d:Q612923|Q612923]] | [[File:Bandera de Sullana 2010.PNG|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q612923|Sullana Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q510413|Sullana]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q614628|Q614628]] | | [[File:Escudo Municipalidad de Castilla.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q614628|Castilla Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Castilla in Arequipa.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2423691|Aplao]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q615891|Q615891]] | [[File:Bandera de Aija.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Aija.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q615891|Aija Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Aija.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3317408|Aija]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q629428|Q629428]] | | | ''[[:d:Q629428|San Marcos Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3348299|San Marcos]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q629736|Q629736]] | | | ''[[:d:Q629736|Huaytará Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344099|Huaytará]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q632826|Q632826]] | [[File:..Lambayeque Flag(PERU).png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q632826|Lambayeque Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q768086|Lambayeque]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q633478|Q633478]] | [[File:Bandera Fitzcarrald.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Fitzcarrald.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q633478|Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de San Luis.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3322620|San Luis]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q639598|Q639598]] | | | ''[[:d:Q639598|Churcampa Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3348281|Churcampa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q644721|Q644721]] | | [[File:Escudo regional Junín.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q644721|Junín Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Junín.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2640092|Junín]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q672921|Q672921]] | | | ''[[:d:Q672921|Purús Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344870|Esperanza]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q676572|Q676572]] | [[File:Bandera de Piura.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo ciudad de Piura.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q676572|Piura Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Piura in Piura.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q223966|Piura]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q683949|Q683949]] | [[File:Bandera de Jaen (Peru).png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Provincial de Jaén en Perú.jpg|center|48px]] | [[Provincia Jaen (Peru)|Provincia Jaen]] | [[File:Location of the province Jaén in Cajamarca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1229885|Jaén]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q731515|Q731515]] | [[File:Bandera de Saposoa.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Saposoa.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q731515|Huallaga Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344065|Saposoa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q746434|Q746434]] | [[File:Bandera paucartambo.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q746434|Paucartambo Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Paucartambo in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2989631|Paucartambo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q747503|Q747503]] | [[File:Bandera de Casma.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Casma.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q747503|Casma Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Casma.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3236687|Casma]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q751373|Q751373]] | [[File:Bandera de Cajabamba.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Cajabamba.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q751373|Cajabamba Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344351|Cajabamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q764487|Q764487]] | | | ''[[:d:Q764487|Marañón Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Marañón.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344853|Huacrachuco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q765311|Q765311]] | [[File:Flag of Chanchamayo.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q765311|Chanchamayo Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Chanchamayo.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1014543|La Merced]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q783136|Q783136]] | | | ''[[:d:Q783136|Palpa Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Palpa in Ica.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2640020|Palpa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q922867|Q922867]] | | [[File:Escudo de Jauja.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q922867|Jauja Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q917434|Jauja]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q927324|Q927324]] | [[File:Bandera ascope.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo ascope.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q927324|Ascope Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344017|Ascope]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q930214|Q930214]] | [[File:Banderahuanta.jpg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Huanta.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q930214|Huanta Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2158344|Huanta]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q938322|Q938322]] | | | ''[[:d:Q938322|Nasca Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Nasca in Ica.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1711521|Nazca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q941183|Q941183]] | [[File:Flag of Utcubamba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Utcubamba.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q941183|Utcubamba Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Utcubamba.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q793765|Bagua Grande]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q945636|Q945636]] | | | ''[[:d:Q945636|Tahuamanu Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1899785|Iñapari]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q946269|Q946269]] | [[File:Bandera tarma.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo De Tarma.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q946269|Tarma Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Tarma.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1759366|Tarma]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q951287|Q951287]] | [[File:Bandera Canchis.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q951287|Canchis Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Canchis in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q4419079|Sicuani]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q951816|Q951816]] | | | ''[[:d:Q951816|Bolívar Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344072|Bolívar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q960169|Q960169]] | [[File:Flag of Oxapampa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Oxapampa.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q960169|Oxapampa Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Oxapampa in Pasco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1014523|Oxapampa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q976034|Q976034]] | [[File:Bandera de Cerro de Pasco.JPG|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo regional Pasco.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q976034|Pasco Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Pasco in Pasco.PNG|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q674320|Cerro de Pasco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q980098|Q980098]] | | | ''[[:d:Q980098|Ambo Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3317423|Ambo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q997406|Q997406]] | [[File:Flag of Chachapoyas.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Chachapoyas.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q997406|Chachapoyas Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Chachapoyas.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q757133|Chachapoyas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1132101|Q1132101]] | [[File:Flag of Cusco (2021).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Cusco Emblem.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1132101|Cusco Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Cusco in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q5582862|Cusco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1140995|Q1140995]] | [[File:Bandera de Huaraz.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Huaraz.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1140995|Huaraz province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Huaraz.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q793809|Huaraz]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1166113|Q1166113]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1166113|Bolognesi Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Bolognesi.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1074644|Chiquián]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1166116|Q1166116]] | | [[File:Chacas-escudo.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1166116|Asunción Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Asunción.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2423013|Chacas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1166121|Q1166121]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1166121|Antonio Raymondi Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Antonio Raimondi.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3317415|Llamellín]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1166124|Q1166124]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1166124|Corongo Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Corongo.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3318939|Corongo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1166126|Q1166126]] | [[File:Bandera de Carhuaz.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Carhuaz.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1166126|Carhuaz Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Carhuaz.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1036082|Carhuaz]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1288434|Q1288434]] | [[File:Flag of Condorcanqui.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Nieva.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1288434|Condorcanqui Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3347407|Santa María de Nieva]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1325771|Q1325771]] | [[File:Bandera de Chincha alta.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Chincha alta.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1325771|Chincha Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Chincha in Ica.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q990685|Chincha Alta]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1335384|Q1335384]] | | [[File:Satipo.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1335384|Satipo Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Satipo.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3057885|Satipo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1342814|Q1342814]] | [[File:BanderaBongará.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1342814|Bongará Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Bongará.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344197|Jumbilla]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1342828|Q1342828]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1342828|Yauli Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Yauli.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1759360|La Oroya]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1343276|Q1343276]] | [[File:Bandera La Convención-Quillabamba.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1343276|La Convención Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province La Convención in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2534936|Quillabamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1355960|Q1355960]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1355960|Tacna]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Tacna in Tacna.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q272795|Tacna]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1366038|Q1366038]] | [[File:Bandera de Rodríguez de Mendoza.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1366038|Rodríguez de Mendoza Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Rodríguez de Mendoza.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3305659|Mendoza]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1366050|Q1366050]] | [[File:Bandera de Pisco.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Pisco.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1366050|Pisco Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Pisco in Ica.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q290504|Pisco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1366082|Q1366082]] | [[File:Bandera Provincial de Bagua.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Provincial de Bagua.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1366082|Bagua Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Bagua.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q800155|Bagua]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1367672|Q1367672]] | [[File:Flag of Ayabaca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1367672|Ayabaca Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Ayabaca in Piura.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q792713|Ayabaca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1367991|Q1367991]] | | [[File:Escudo de Provincia Huarochirí.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1367991|Huarochirí Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Huarochirí in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q580017|Matucana]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1410654|Q1410654]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1410654|Tarata]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Tarata in Tacna.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2588449|Tarata]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422587|Q1422587]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1422587|Cajatambo Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Cajatambo in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2638247|Cajatambo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422590|Q1422590]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1422590|Contralmirante Villar Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Contralmirante Villar in Tumbes.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3317432|Zorritos]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422596|Q1422596]] | [[File:Bandera de Barranca.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Barranca.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1422596|Barranca Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Barranca in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2582671|Barranca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422601|Q1422601]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1422601|Yauyos Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Yauyos in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1812040|Yauyos]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422606|Q1422606]] | [[File:Bandera Huaral.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Huaral.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1422606|Huaral Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Huaral in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q723677|Huaral]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422611|Q1422611]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1422611|Canta Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Canta in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3322638|Canta]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422619|Q1422619]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1422619|Huancabamba Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Huancabamba in Piura.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2307821|Huancabamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1422624|Q1422624]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1422624|Oyón province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Oyón in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344010|Oyón]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1431135|Q1431135]] | [[File:Bandera de Cajamarca.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Cajamarca.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1431135|Cajamarca Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Cajamarca in Cajamarca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q205119|Cajamarca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1431140|Q1431140]] | | [[File:Escudo de chota.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1431140|Chota Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Chota in Cajamarca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2964558|Chota]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1431153|Q1431153]] | [[File:Bandera de Celendín.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Celendín.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1431153|Celendín Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Celendín in Cajamarca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344002|Celendín]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1431156|Q1431156]] | [[File:Bandera de San vicente.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de San vicente.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1431156|Cañete Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Cañete in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1853969|San Vicente de Cañete]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1433001|Q1433001]] | [[File:Bandera de Huacho.jpg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Huacho.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1433001|Huaura province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Huaura in Lima.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1002052|Huacho]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1468138|Q1468138]] | [[File:Bandera de tingo maria.jpg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Tingo María.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1468138|Leoncio Prado Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Leoncio Prado.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1974467|Tingo María]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1477797|Q1477797]] | [[File:Bandera de Zarumilla.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1477797|Zarumilla Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Zarumilla in Tumbes.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2877763|Zarumilla]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1479348|Q1479348]] | [[File:Bandera de Tumbes.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Tumbes.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1479348|Tumbes]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Tumbes in Tumbes.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q827640|Tumbes]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1771870|Q1771870]] | | [[File:Escudo de Abancay.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1771870|Abancay Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q215238|Abancay]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1771879|Q1771879]] | [[File:Bandera urubamba.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1771879|Urubamba Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Urubamba in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2304483|Urubamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1777621|Q1777621]] | [[File:Flag of Huancayo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Pe ehuan.gif|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1777621|Huancayo Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Huancayo.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q468782|Huancayo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1777631|Q1777631]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1777631|Chupaca Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Chupaca.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344173|Chupaca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779624|Q1779624]] | [[File:Bandera de Huarmey.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Huarmey Perú.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1779624|Huarmey Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Huarmey.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q430862|Huarmey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779635|Q1779635]] | [[File:Bandera de Ocros.jpg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Ocros.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1779635|Ocros Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Ocros.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3317427|Ocros]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779643|Q1779643]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1779643|Pomabamba Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Pomabamba.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3322611|Pomabamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779654|Q1779654]] | [[File:Bandera de Cabana (Ancash).png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1779654|Pallasca Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Pallasca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3305646|Cabana]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779663|Q1779663]] | [[File:Bandera de Mariscal Luzuriaga.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Logo de la Municipalidad Provincial de Mariscal Luzuriaga.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1779663|Mariscal Luzuriaga Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Mariscal Luzuriaga.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3319310|Piscobamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779670|Q1779670]] | [[File:Flag of Caraz.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Caras escudo.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1779670|Huaylas Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Huaylas.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1035471|Caraz]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779677|Q1779677]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1779677|Maynas Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Maynas in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q193289|Iquitos]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779688|Q1779688]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1779688|Islay Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Islay.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2351948|Mollendo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779698|Q1779698]] | [[File:Bandera La Union.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1779698|La Unión Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province La Unión in Arequipa.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2638258|Cotahuasi]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779705|Q1779705]] | [[File:Bandera de Huari.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Huari.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1779705|Huari Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Huari.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3322143|Huari]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779714|Q1779714]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1779714|Sihuas Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Sihuas.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3055947|Sihuas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779720|Q1779720]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1779720|Recuay Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Recuay.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1701738|Recuay]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779727|Q1779727]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1779727|Caravelí Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Caravelí in Arequipa.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q968765|Caravelí]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1779734|Q1779734]] | [[File:Bandera de Chimbote.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chimbote.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1779734|Santa Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Santa.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q518431|Chimbote]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1784851|Q1784851]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1784851|Camaná Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Camaná in Arequipa.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1028011|Camaná]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1784857|Q1784857]] | [[File:Flag of Ayacucho.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Ayacucho.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1784857|Huamanga Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q504215|Ayacucho]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1798739|Q1798739]] | [[File:Bandera de Yungay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Yungay.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1798739|Yungay Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Ancash - Provincia de Yungay.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q919678|Yungay]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1798747|Q1798747]] | [[File:Bandera Andahuaylas.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Andahuaylas.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1798747|Andahuaylas Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q489660|Andahuaylas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1806435|Q1806435]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1806435|Caylloma Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2351933|Chivay]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1806437|Q1806437]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1806437|Paucar del Sara Sara Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2726628|Pausa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1808513|Q1808513]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1808513|Huanca Sancos Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344909|Sancos]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814172|Q1814172]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1814172|Grau Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Grau in Apurímac.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q879071|Chuquibambilla]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814180|Q1814180]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1814180|Sucre Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2918849|Querobamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814190|Q1814190]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1814190|Cangallo Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344124|Cangallo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814197|Q1814197]] | [[File:Flag of San Ignacio.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1814197|San Ignacio Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q11011907|San Ignacio de la Frontera]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814203|Q1814203]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1814203|Lucanas Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2726653|Puquio]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814228|Q1814228]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1814228|Antabamba Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q879057|Antabamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814234|Q1814234]] | [[File:Bandera Aymaraes-Chalhuanca.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1814234|Aymaraes Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q879065|Chalhuanca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814244|Q1814244]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1814244|Cotabambas Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q879051|Tambobamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1814253|Q1814253]] | [[File:Bandera de Condesuyos - Chuquibamba.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Condesuyos - Chuquibamba.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1814253|Condesuyos Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Condesuyos in Arequipa.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3305671|Chuquibamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1819840|Q1819840]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1819840|Huamalíes Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Huamalíes.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344864|Llata]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920482|Q1920482]] | [[File:Bandera anta.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1920482|Anta Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Anta in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3348268|Anta]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920491|Q1920491]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1920491|Julcán Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344059|Julcán]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920500|Q1920500]] | [[File:Bandera canas.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1920500|Canas Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Canas in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2989624|Yanaoca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920509|Q1920509]] | | [[File:Escudo Atalaya.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1920509|Atalaya Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Atalaya in Ucayali.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3322627|Atalaya]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920520|Q1920520]] | [[File:Bandera quispicanchi.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1920520|Quispicanchi Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Quispicanchi in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2989619|Urcos]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920564|Q1920564]] | | [[File:Escudo de Cascas.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1920564|Gran Chimú Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344040|Cascas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920572|Q1920572]] | [[File:Bandera de Yurimaguas-Alto Amazonas.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1920572|Alto Amazonas Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Alto Amazonas in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q117625|Yurimaguas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920599|Q1920599]] | [[File:Banderachepen.jpg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Chepen.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1920599|Chepén Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Chepén in La Libertad.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2962698|Chepén]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920602|Q1920602]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1920602|Acomayo Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Acomayo in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2582682|Acomayo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920613|Q1920613]] | [[File:Bandera paruro.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1920613|Paruro Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Paruro in Cusco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2989645|Paruro]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1920922|Q1920922]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1920922|Mariscal Ramón Castilla Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Mariscal Ramón Castilla in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3317724|Caballococha]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1935565|Q1935565]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1935565|San Antonio de Putina Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province San Antonio de Putina in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344150|Putina]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944216|Q1944216]] | [[File:Bandera de Macusani.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Macusani.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1944216|Carabaya Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Carabaya in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3348229|Macusani]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944227|Q1944227]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944227|Huancané Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Huancane in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2638267|Huancané]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944238|Q1944238]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944238|Santiago de Chuco Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344084|Santiago de Chuco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944245|Q1944245]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944245|Sánchez Carrión Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1632770|Huamachuco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944257|Q1944257]] | [[File:Bandera de Ilo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the province of Ilo, Peru.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1944257|Ilo Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1000341|Ilo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944266|Q1944266]] | [[File:Bandera de San Pedro de Lloc.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Guadalupe Pacasmayo.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1944266|Pacasmayo Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1014474|San Pedro de Lloc]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944276|Q1944276]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944276|Puerto Inca Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Puerto Inca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3348305|Puerto Inca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944288|Q1944288]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944288|Daniel Alcides Carrión Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344095|Yanahuanca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944299|Q1944299]] | [[File:BanderaCandarave.png|center|48px]] | [[File:EscudoCandarave.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1944299|Candarave Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Candarave in Tacna.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344236|Candarave]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944312|Q1944312]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944312|Castrovirreyna Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Castrovirreyna in Huancavelica.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3348254|Castrovirreyna]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944325|Q1944325]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944325|Requena Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Requena in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344103|Requena]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944337|Q1944337]] | [[File:Bandera de San Román.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1944337|San Román Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province San Román in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q696074|Juliaca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944347|Q1944347]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944347|Lampa Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Lampa in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2638295|Lampa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944356|Q1944356]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1944356|Melgar Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Melgar in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344141|Ayaviri]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1944431|Q1944431]] | [[File:Bandera de Moquegua.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Moquegua Perú.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1944431|Mariscal Nieto Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1000346|Moquegua]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1947116|Q1947116]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1947116|Víctor Fajardo Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q950080|Huancapi]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1947893|Q1947893]] | [[File:Bandera de Omate.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1947893|General Sánchez Cerro Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3322634|Omate]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1947910|Q1947910]] | [[File:Cutervo flag.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1947910|Cutervo Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3348263|Cutervo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1947926|Q1947926]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1947926|Hualgayoc Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3348274|Bambamarca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1947944|Q1947944]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1947944|Mariscal Cáceres Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Mariscal Caceres in San Martín.PNG|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2671983|Juanjuí]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1947960|Q1947960]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1947960|San Miguel Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q11002429|San Miguel de Pallaques]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1947973|Q1947973]] | [[File:Bandera espinar.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1947973|Espinar Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3345555|Yauri]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948003|Q1948003]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1948003|Contumazá Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344032|Contumazá]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948019|Q1948019]] | [[File:Bandera calca.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1948019|Calca Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344215|Calca]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948039|Q1948039]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1948039|Acobamba Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Acobamba in Huancavelica.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344877|Acobamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948051|Q1948051]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1948051|Virú Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344843|Virú]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948067|Q1948067]] | | [[File:ESCUDO FERREÑAFE.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1948067|Ferreñafe Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2143690|Ferreñafe]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948135|Q1948135]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1948135|Sandia Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Sandia in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344209|Sandia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948150|Q1948150]] | | [[File:Escudo de la ciudad de Moyobamba.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1948150|Moyobamba Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Moyobamba in San Martín.PNG|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q285672|Moyobamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948180|Q1948180]] | [[File:Bandera de Pataz.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Pataz.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1948180|Pataz Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Pataz in La Libertad.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344090|Tayabamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1948195|Q1948195]] | [[File:Bandera Tayacaja.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Tayacaja.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1948195|Tayacaja Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Tayacaja in Huancavelica.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2725364|Pampas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1991124|Q1991124]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1991124|Concepción Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Concepción.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q43418|Concepción]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1995145|Q1995145]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1995145|Loreto Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Loreto in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3309417|Nauta]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1999122|Q1999122]] | | | ''[[:d:Q1999122|Tambopata Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q541435|Puerto Maldonado]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2013418|Q2013418]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2013418|Ucayali Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Ucayali in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3317773|Contamana]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2013427|Q2013427]] | [[File:Flag of Trujillo (Peru).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Trujillo (Perú).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2013427|Trujillo province]]'' | | | [[Trujillo (Peru)|Trujillo]] | |- | [[:d:Q2017690|Q2017690]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2017690|Datem del Marañón Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Datem del Marañón in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3317765|San Lorenzo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084618|Q2084618]] | [[File:Flag of Paita.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Paita.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2084618|Paita Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1026270|Paita]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084630|Q2084630]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2084630|Santa Cruz Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q11043230|Santa Cruz de Succhubamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084641|Q2084641]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2084641|Pachitea Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Pachitea.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344024|Panao]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084648|Q2084648]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2084648|Rioja Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344069|Rioja]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084659|Q2084659]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2084659|Tocache Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344048|Tocache]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084668|Q2084668]] | [[File:Bandera huacaybamba.jpg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2084668|Huacaybamba Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Huacaybamba.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344109|Huacaybamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084675|Q2084675]] | | [[File:Escudo-dorado.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2084675|El Dorado Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q11034041|San José de Sisa]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084681|Q2084681]] | [[File:Flag of Puno.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Puno.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2084681|Puno Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Puno in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q232842|Puno]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084689|Q2084689]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2084689|Bellavista Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344055|Bellavista]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084696|Q2084696]] | [[File:Flag of Ica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ica.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2084696|Ica Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q840712|Ica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2084862|Q2084862]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2084862|Angaraes Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3344061|Lircay]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2088810|Q2088810]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2088810|Dos de Mayo Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Dos de Mayo.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q595441|La Unión]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2088824|Q2088824]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2088824|Azángaro Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Azángaro in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2638284|Azángaro]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2088833|Q2088833]] | [[File:Bandera El Collao-Ilave.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de El Collao-Ilave.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2088833|El Collao Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3348236|Ilave]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2088849|Q2088849]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2088849|Yarowilca Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Yarowilca.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3344081|Chavinillo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2088859|Q2088859]] | [[File:Bandera de Huancavelica.png|center|48px]] | [[File:08hvescudo.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2088859|Huancavelica Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1000333|Huancavelica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2088871|Q2088871]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2088871|Chucuito Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Chucuito in Puno.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2588438|Juli]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2088882|Q2088882]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2088882|Yunguyo Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2306609|Yunguyo]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2089123|Q2089123]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2089123|Moho Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q934450|Moho]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2100624|Q2100624]] | [[File:Flag of Huánuco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo De Huanuco.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2100624|Huánuco Province]]'' | [[File:Dep. Huánuco - Provincia de Huánuco.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q504394|Huánuco]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2281473|Q2281473]] | [[File:Bandera de Lamas.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Lamas.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2281473|Lamas Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3139869|Lamas]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2287233|Q2287233]] | [[File:Flag of Sechura.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo Sechura.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2287233|Sechura Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3236446|Sechura]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2287241|Q2287241]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2287241|Talara Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q723584|Talara]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2320717|Q2320717]] | | | ''[[:d:Q2320717|Manú Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3348291|Villa Salvación]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2634400|Q2634400]] | [[File:Bandera del Callao.png|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo del Callao.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2634400|Constitutional Province of Callao]]'' | [[File:Peru - Callao, Constitutional Province of (locator map).svg|center|48px]] | PE-CAL | ''[[:d:Q105037|Callao]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4790285|Q4790285]] | | [[File:Coat of Arms of Arica.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q4790285|Arica]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q2203|Arica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5240570|Q5240570]] | | | ''[[:d:Q5240570|Tarapacá]]'' | [[File:Mapa comercial del Peru - por Gabriel Cueto, 1874 - btv1b84411262.jpg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q14440|Iquique]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6088838|Q6088838]] | | | ''[[:d:Q6088838|Moquegua Province]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q1000346|Moquegua]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7685484|Q7685484]] | | | ''[[:d:Q7685484|Tarapacá]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q3471546|San Lorenzo de Tarapacá]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q9063356|Q9063356]] | | | ''[[:d:Q9063356|Conchucos Province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de Conchucos (1820-1839).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3319310|Piscobamba]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q9063361|Q9063361]] | | | ''[[:d:Q9063361|Iquique]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q23011145|Iquique]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16622605|Q16622605]] | | | ''[[:d:Q16622605|Chancay Province]]'' | | | | |- | [[:d:Q16942171|Q16942171]] | | | ''[[:d:Q16942171|Putumayo Province]]'' | [[File:Location of the province Putumayo in Loreto.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q19799162|San Antonio del Estrecho]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q84575363|Q84575363]] | | | ''[[:d:Q84575363|Tinta province]]'' | [[File:Provincia de tinta.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2435935|Tinta]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116693755|Q116693755]] | | | ''[[:d:Q116693755|Callao]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q105037|Callao]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 7na4x87t2xgy7i0jgitu4r3o9de7jbd 0 40568 697088 696905 2026-06-09T01:11:19Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-02-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q161033|Q161033]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-25 | ''[[:d:Q161033|Demyansk Pocket]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1569578|encirclement]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q261776|Q261776]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-03-21 | ''[[:d:Q261776|Battles of Rzhev]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q305133|Q305133]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-05 | ''[[:d:Q305133|Kholm Pocket]]'' | [[Battalia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q478315|Q478315]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30 | ''[[:d:Q478315|Battle of Lyuban]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q558137|Q558137]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q558137|Operation Southeast Croatia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q569454|Q569454]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q569454|Second Happy Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q610048|Q610048]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q610048|Battle of Balikpapan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q651977|Q651977]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q651977|1941–42 Primeira Divisão]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q703482|Q703482]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09 | ''[[:d:Q703482|Battle of Bataan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q907163|Q907163]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | ''[[:d:Q907163|1942 South American Championship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1572785|Q1572785]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1572785|Battle of Rabaul]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1759161|Q1759161]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1759161|Solomon Islands Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2034438|Q2034438]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20 | ''[[:d:Q2034438|Rzhev-Vyazma offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2165376|Q2165376]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2165376|Battle of Tarakan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2276692|Q2276692]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08 | ''[[:d:Q2276692|New Guinea campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2369529|Q2369529]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-03 | ''[[:d:Q2369529|Jewish Labour Camp]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q2392991|Q2392991]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-03<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2392991|Battle of Ambon]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2398940|Q2398940]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | ''[[:d:Q2398940|Technician Fifth Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2587905|Q2587905]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2587905|Battle of Manado]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2889419|Q2889419]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | ''[[:d:Q2889419|Battle of Muar]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4287557|Q4287557]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | ''[[:d:Q4287557|Медвежьегорская наступательная операция]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4870916|Q4870916]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | ''[[:d:Q4870916|Battle of Dražgoše]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4872395|Q4872395]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q4872395|Battle of Slim River]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4873065|Q4873065]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27 | ''[[:d:Q4873065|Battle off Endau]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5656259|Q5656259]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | ''[[:d:Q5656259|Lake Ilmen action]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q6018281|Q6018281]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref><br/>1942-01-17 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-07<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q6018281|1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4146861|Hijri year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7692371|Q7692371]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | ''[[:d:Q7692371|Technician Fourth Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7692374|Q7692374]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | ''[[:d:Q7692374|Technician Third Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q9367361|Q9367361]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q9367361|Ust-Usa uprising]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2920604|prison riot]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124734|rebellion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15805395|Q15805395]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q15805395|Deutsche Dreiband-Meisterschaft 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15805414|German three-cushion championship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17017712|Q17017712]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q17017712|Convoy SC 67]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18332219|Q18332219]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-30 | ''[[:d:Q18332219|Riksdagen 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q85680242|Riksdag]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q21636225|Q21636225]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12 | ''[[:d:Q21636225|Боевые действия на Керченском полуострове]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65241261|Q65241261]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942 |accessdate=2020-11-15 |archivedate=2021-10-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019094925/http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942 }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-17<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3"/> | ''[[:d:Q65241261|1942 Pacific typhoon season]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27491613|Pacific typhoon season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356407|Q76356407]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356407|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 09.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356410|Q76356410]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356410|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 11.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356414|Q76356414]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-16<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356414|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 13.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356419|Q76356419]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356419|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 15.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356422|Q76356422]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356422|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 19.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356429|Q76356429]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356429|Transport from Berlin to the Riga Ghetto on January 25, 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356432|Q76356432]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-31<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356432|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 26.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478844|Q79478844]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478844|Chicago Council of Camera Clubs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478845|Q79478845]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478845|History of the Modern Poster]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478849|Q79478849]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478849|The Artist Uses His Skill in War: Posters Designed by a Group of Bay Region Artists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478851|Q79478851]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478851|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Models: Art in Camouflage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478854|Q79478854]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478854|William Gropper]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478858|Q79478858]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478858|Oils by William Gerstle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478861|Q79478861]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478861|Exhibitions for Art Understanding]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478864|Q79478864]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478864|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Art of the Argentine Republic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478867|Q79478867]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478867|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Prints of Latin America, Section I]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478872|Q79478872]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478872|Photographs of Mexico by Maude Martin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478877|Q79478877]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478877|Emmy Lou Packard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478882|Q79478882]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478882|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Posters from U.S.S.R.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478884|Q79478884]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478884|Oils by Werner Philipp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q87406449|Q87406449]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-02 | ''[[:d:Q87406449|Jonge Sierkunstenaars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99885166|Q99885166]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99885166|transport from Pilsen to Ghetto Theresienstadt on January 18th 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889221|Q99889221]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | ''[[:d:Q99889221|Transport von Leipzig in das Ghetto Riga am 21.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q99889236|Q99889236]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99889236|Transport von Pilsen nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 22.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889257|Q99889257]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99889257|Transport von Pilsen in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889382|Q99889382]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q99889382|Transport von Gelsenkirchen in das Ghetto Riga am 27.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q100526795|Q100526795]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100526795|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 28.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100526955|Q100526955]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q100526955|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 30.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106104733|Q106104733]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-27 | ''[[:d:Q106104733|Japanische Invasion von Celebes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106450243|Q106450243]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q106450243|Deportations from Brunswick]]'' | ''[[:d:Q379693|deportation]]''<ref name="ref_a21cd404e6d137d131e449ddf463b6aca031da9062ba1f72fc70eb4f1ab790f3">http://www.vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106619215|Q106619215]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29 | ''[[:d:Q106619215|Japanese invasion of West Borneo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890677|Q110890677]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q110890677|New Acquisitions: Latin-American Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890678|Q110890678]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q110890678|New Acquisitions: Photographs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890679|Q110890679]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09 | ''[[:d:Q110890679|Dancers in Movement: Photographs by Gjon Mili]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890681|Q110890681]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q110890681|Americans 1942: 18 Artists from 9 States]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890682|Q110890682]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-02 | ''[[:d:Q110890682|The Artists' New York]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113573421|Q113573421]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | ''[[:d:Q113573421|Deutsche Cadre-45/2-Meisterschaft 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046678|Q126046678]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<br/>1942-01-17 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-17<br/>1942-02-16 | ''[[:d:Q126046678|Muharram 1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129076438|Q129076438]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-10 | ''[[:d:Q129076438|Republic of Foča]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11192275|Liberated territories of Yugoslavia in World War II]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138747844|Q138747844]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17 | ''[[:d:Q138747844|Campionat de Catalunya d'hoquei sobre patins 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} awcgpjlnwh46tbs6qx83zz3ghvcx8y4 102 41382 697095 697013 2026-06-09T10:02:31Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 697095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?sl { ?item wdt:P171* wd:Q7377 . OPTIONAL {?item wikibase:sitelinks ?sl } . FILTER (?sl >= 50) } ORDER BY DESC(?sl) |section= |sort= |columns=number:#,item,label:Article,P225,?sl,description,P18,P31,P279,P171,P361 |thumb=48 |min_section= |links=red_only |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! item ! Article ! nomine del taxon ! ?sl ! description ! imagine ! instantia de ! subclasse de ! taxon superior immediate ! parte de |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[:d:Q58697|Q58697]] | [[Sus scrofa]] | Sus scrofa | 162 | | [[File:202310 Wild boar.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Sus]] | [[Sus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[:d:Q9482|Q9482]] | [[Sciuridae]] | Sciuridae | 158 | | [[File:Sciurus carolinensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciuromorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[:d:Q10850|Q10850]] | [[Rodentia]] | Rodentia | 154 | | [[File:Tamias striatus CT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[fur-bearing animal]] | [[Glires]]<br/>[[Simplicidentata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[:d:Q34718|Q34718]] | [[Rhinocerotidae]] | Rhinocerotidae | 154 | | [[File:Waterberg Nashorn1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[perissodactylos]]<br/>[[Rhinocerotoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[:d:Q33602|Q33602]] | [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]] | Ailuropoda melanoleuca | 146 | | [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuropoda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[:d:Q34505|Q34505]] | [[Hippopotamus amphibius]] | Hippopotamus amphibius | 146 | | [[File:Portrait Hippopotamus in the water.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippopotamus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[:d:Q42046|Q42046]] | [[Hyaenidae]] | Hyaenidae | 142 | | [[File:Crocuta-hejda.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestoidea]]<br/>[[Aeluroidea]]<br/>[[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[:d:Q46076|Q46076]] | [[Lepus]] | Lepus | 141 | | [[File:Hare Hare (20300967221).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leporidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[:d:Q15083|Q15083]] | [[Giraffa camelopardalis]] | Giraffa camelopardalis | 139 | | [[File:Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) - Murchison Falls National Park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Giraffa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[:d:Q36341|Q36341]] | [[Ursus arctos]] | Ursus arctos | 137 | | [[File:202309 Ezo brown bear.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[bear]] | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[:d:Q30197|Q30197]] | [[Panthera uncia]] | Panthera uncia | 132 | | [[File:Uncia uncia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[apex predator]]<br/>[[flagship species]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[:d:Q36101|Q36101]] | [[Phascolarctos cinereus]] | Phascolarctos cinereus | 129 | | [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phascolarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[:d:Q35517|Q35517]] | [[Alces alces]] | Alces alces | 129 | | [[File:A male moose takes a rest in a field during a light rainshower.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Alces]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[:d:Q27066|Q27066]] | [[Meles meles]] | Meles meles | 123 | | [[File:European badger (Meles meles taxus) Drenthe.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[:d:Q25311|Q25311]] | [[Mustela nivalis]] | Mustela nivalis | 122 | | [[File:Mustela nivalis -British Wildlife Centre-4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[:d:Q29995|Q29995]] | [[Lutra lutra]] | Lutra lutra | 121 | | [[File:Otter.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[:d:Q39624|Q39624]] | [[Rangifer tarandus]] | Rangifer tarandus | 121 | | [[File:Caribou.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cervides|Cervidae]] | [[Rangifer]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[:d:Q83310|Q83310]] | [[Mus musculus]] | Mus musculus | 120 | | [[File:202101 Mouse.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[:d:Q26843|Q26843]] | [[Orcinus orca]] | Orcinus orca | 115 | | [[File:202402 Killer whale.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Odontoceti]] | [[Orcinus]] | [[Blackfish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[:d:Q41960|Q41960]] | [[Ailurus fulgens]] | Ailurus fulgens | 112 | | [[File:RedPanda SingalilaNationalPark DFrame.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[:d:Q80479|Q80479]] | [[Herpestidae]] | Herpestidae | 111 | | [[File:Dwarf mongoose Korkeasaari zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]]<br/>[[Herpestoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[:d:Q42196|Q42196]] | [[Balaenoptera musculus]] | Balaenoptera musculus | 111 | | [[File:202501 Blue whale.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cetacea]]<br/>[[Balaenoptera physalus]] | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[:d:Q4388|Q4388]] | [[Sciurus vulgaris]] | Sciurus vulgaris | 109 | | [[File:Squirrel posing.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[:d:Q79794|Q79794]] | [[Cervus elaphus]] | Cervus elaphus | 109 | | [[File:Cervus elaphus Luc Viatour 6.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[:d:Q41692|Q41692]] | [[mule]] | Equus asinus × Equus caballus | 109 | | [[File:Juancito.jpg|center|48px]] | [[hybrid taxon]] | [[packhorse]]<br/>[[horse–donkey hybrid]] | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[:d:Q25345|Q25345]] | [[Mustela erminea]] | Mustela erminea | 108 | | [[File:Røyskatt (Mustela erminea erminea), Lista, Norway.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[:d:Q30847|Q30847]] | [[Caracal caracal]] | Caracal caracal | 108 | | [[File:Caracal Caracal-001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[big cat]] | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[:d:Q79803|Q79803]] | [[Cavia porcellus]] | Cavia porcellus | 108 | | [[File:Conill porquí gàbia.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]] | | [[Cavia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[:d:Q30263|Q30263]] | [[Pinnipedia]] | Pinnipedia | 107 | | [[File:Common seal (Phoca vitulina) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos|Mammalia]] | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[:d:Q122069|Q122069]] | [[Capreolus capreolus]] | Capreolus capreolus | 107 | | [[File:Capreolus (js)11.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capreolus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[:d:Q46212|Q46212]] | [[Orycteropus afer]] | Orycteropus afer | 106 | | [[File:Orycteropus afer stuffed.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[insectivore]]<br/>[[Mammiferos|Mammalia]] | [[Orycteropus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[:d:Q14334|Q14334]] | [[glutton]] | Gulo gulo | 106 | mammifero carnivore | [[File:Gulo gulo 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Gulo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[:d:Q82738|Q82738]] | [[Vulpes lagopus]] | Vulpes lagopus | 105 | | [[File:Vulpes lagopus in Iceland (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[:d:Q41631|Q41631]] | [[Soricidae]] | Soricidae | 104 | | [[File:Southern short-tailed shrew.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eulipotyphla]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[:d:Q159429|Q159429]] | [[Papio]] | Papio | 103 | | [[File:Olive baboon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cercopithecinae]]<br/>[[Papionini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[:d:Q25437|Q25437]] | [[Mustelidae]] | Mustelidae | 101 | | [[File:Marten with Flowers.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Musteloidea]]<br/>[[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[:d:Q128098|Q128098]] | [[Canis aureus]] | Canis aureus | 101 | | [[File:Golden jackal (Canis aureus indicus) male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[:d:Q25851|Q25851]] | [[Oryctolagus cuniculus]] | Oryctolagus cuniculus | 101 | | [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[conilio]] | [[Oryctolagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[:d:Q200184|Q200184]] | [[Lutrinae]] | Lutrinae | 100 | | [[File:LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[:d:Q125525|Q125525]] | [[jackal]] | | 100 | | [[File:Golden jackal (Canis aureus indicus) male head.jpg|center|48px]] | [[organisms known by a particular common name]] | [[Canina]] | [[Canina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[:d:Q122783|Q122783]] | [[Ursus americanus]] | Ursus americanus | 99 | | [[File:American black bear (19647087094).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Ursidae]] | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[:d:Q19537|Q19537]] | [[bonobo]] | Pan paniscus | 99 | specie de primate | [[File:Bonobo at Nsele Valley Park, Kinshasa, DR Congo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chimpanze]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[:d:Q82037|Q82037]] | [[Okapia johnstoni]] | Okapia johnstoni | 98 | | [[File:Okapi and son.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Okapia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[:d:Q862089|Q862089]] | [[Giraffa]] | Giraffa | 98 | | [[File:Giraffe Mikumi National Park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Giraffina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[:d:Q25374|Q25374]] | [[perissodactylos]] | Perissodactyla | 97 | | [[File:00296 zebra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos|Mammalia]] | [[Perissodactylamorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[:d:Q10798|Q10798]] | [[Sus]] | Sus | 97 | | [[File:Zwijntje.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[animal]] | [[Suini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[:d:Q81214|Q81214]] | [[Physeter macrocephalus]] | Physeter macrocephalus | 97 | | [[File:Mother and baby sperm whale.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[whale]] | [[Physeter]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[:d:Q123102|Q123102]] | [[Thylacinus cynocephalus]] | Thylacinus cynocephalus | 96 | | [[File:Thylacines.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Thylacinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[:d:Q26046|Q26046]] | [[Martes martes]] | Martes martes | 96 | | [[File:Pine Marten (48173751702).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[:d:Q2274076|Q2274076]] | [[Folivora]] | Folivora | 95 | | [[File:Bradypus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pilosa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[:d:Q42797|Q42797]] | [[Trichechus]] | Trichechus | 95 | | [[File:Endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) (7636816484).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Trichechidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[:d:Q185939|Q185939]] | [[Hylobatidae]] | Hylobatidae | 95 | | [[File:Hylobates lar pair of white and black 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hominoide]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[:d:Q25401|Q25401]] | [[Lagomorpha]] | Lagomorpha | 94 | | [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Glires]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[:d:Q133006|Q133006]] | [[Elephas maximus]] | Elephas maximus | 94 | | [[File:Asian elephant - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[elephante]] | [[Elephas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[:d:Q6120|Q6120]] | [[Erinaceinae]] | Erinaceinae | 93 | | [[File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Erinaceidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[:d:Q134015|Q134015]] | [[Suricata suricatta]] | Suricata suricatta | 92 | | [[File:Meerkat (Suricata suricatta).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suricata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[:d:Q6573|Q6573]] | [[Cricetinae]] | Cricetinae | 92 | | [[File:A pet hamster named Peach.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cricetidae]] | [[Cricetidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[:d:Q80952|Q80952]] | [[Panthera tigris tigris]] | Panthera tigris tigris | 91 | | [[File:Bengal tiger in Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 05.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[tigre]] | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[:d:Q173128|Q173128]] | [[Mellivora capensis]] | Mellivora capensis | 90 | | [[File:Honey badger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[:d:Q124410|Q124410]] | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | Ursus thibetanus | 90 | | [[File:Ursus thibetanus 3 (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]]<br/>[[Selenarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[:d:Q104825|Q104825]] | [[Talpidae]] | Talpidae | 90 | | [[File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eulipotyphla]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[:d:Q177601|Q177601]] | [[Macaca]] | Macaca | 90 | | [[File:Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) Photograph By Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cercopithecinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[:d:Q36557|Q36557]] | [[Loxodonta africana]] | Loxodonta africana | 90 | | [[File:178 Male African bush elephant in Etosha National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Loxodonta]] | [[Loxodonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[:d:Q173651|Q173651]] | [[Lycaon pictus]] | Lycaon pictus | 89 | | [[File:Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[:d:Q166794|Q166794]] | [[Otocolobus manul]] | Otocolobus manul | 89 | | [[File:Otocolobus manul -Zurich Zoo-8a.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocolobus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[:d:Q47867|Q47867]] | [[Dasypodidae]] | Dasypodidae | 89 | | [[File:Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cingulata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[:d:Q166898|Q166898]] | [[Suidae]] | Suidae | 89 | | [[File:Lightmatter unidentified pig-like animal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suina]]<br/>[[Suoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[:d:Q25431|Q25431]] | [[Sirenia]] | Sirenia | 88 | | [[File:FL fig04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Placentarios|Placentalia]]<br/>[[Mammiferos|Mammalia]]<br/>[[Tethytheria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[:d:Q28521|Q28521]] | [[Mustela]] | Mustela | 88 | | [[File:Mustela nivalis -British Wildlife Centre-4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[:d:Q38584|Q38584]] | [[Canis lupus dingo]] | Canis familiaris dingo | 88 | | [[File:Dingo Side.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[racia can]]<br/>[[organisms known by a particular common name]] | [[feral dog]] | [[Canis familiaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[:d:Q26838|Q26838]] | [[Lepus europaeus]] | Lepus europaeus | 88 | | [[File:European Brown Hare (50341079472).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eulagos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[:d:Q172923|Q172923]] | [[Capra]] | Capra | 88 | | [[File:Bouquetin01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caprini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[:d:Q132585|Q132585]] | [[Cuon alpinus]] | Cuon alpinus | 87 | | [[File:Dhole (Asiatic wild dog) cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cuon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[:d:Q103237|Q103237]] | [[Australopithecus]] | Australopithecus | 87 | | [[File:Australopithecus Afarensis - Transparent Background.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Australopithecinae]]<br/>[[Australopithecine]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[:d:Q26533|Q26533]] | [[Martes]] | Martes | 86 | | [[File:Martes martes crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[:d:Q26423|Q26423]] | [[Martes zibellina]] | Martes zibellina | 86 | | [[File:Sobol bur.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[:d:Q131564|Q131564]] | [[Vulpes zerda]] | Vulpes zerda | 86 | | [[File:Fennec Fox (9163009503).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[:d:Q128001|Q128001]] | [[Tapirus]] | Tapirus | 86 | | [[File:Malayan Tapir.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapiridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[:d:Q159918|Q159918]] | [[Ceratotherium simum]] | Ceratotherium simum | 86 | | [[File:White rhinoceros africa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ceratotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[:d:Q132905|Q132905]] | [[Megaptera novaeangliae]] | Megaptera novaeangliae | 86 | | [[File:202312 Humpback whale.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Megaptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[:d:Q185194|Q185194]] | [[Vulpes]] | Vulpes | 85 | | [[File:Genus vulpes.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpini]]<br/>[[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[:d:Q159857|Q159857]] | [[Dama dama]] | Dama dama | 85 | | [[File:Fallow deer in field.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[deer]] | [[Dama]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[:d:Q26283|Q26283]] | [[Ondatra zibethicus]] | Ondatra zibethicus | 85 | | [[File:Ondatra zibethicus FWS.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ondatra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[:d:Q95036|Q95036]] | [[Diceros bicornis]] | Diceros bicornis | 85 | | [[File:2012 Black Rhinoceros Gemsbokvlakte.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Diceros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[:d:Q21834|Q21834]] | [[Didelphidae]] | Didelphidae | 84 | | [[File:AwesomePossum-AmericanOpossum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Didelphimorphia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[:d:Q26582|Q26582]] | [[Mustela putorius]] | Mustela putorius | 84 | | [[File:Ilder.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[:d:Q69581|Q69581]] | [[Panthera tigris altaica]] | Panthera tigris altaica | 84 | | [[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[:d:Q5452918|Q5452918]] | [[Simiiformes]] | Simiiformes | 84 | | [[File:Simiiformes.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Haplorrhini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[:d:Q184004|Q184004]] | [[Ovibos moschatus]] | Ovibos moschatus | 84 | | [[File:Ovibos moschatus qtl3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ovibos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[:d:Q132072|Q132072]] | [[Delphinapterus leucas]] | Delphinapterus leucas | 84 | | [[File:Beluga oceanografic.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Delphinapterus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[:d:Q23175|Q23175]] | [[Vombatidae]] | Vombatidae | 83 | | [[File:Vombatus ursinus (Wombat in snow).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vombatiformes]]<br/>[[Vombatoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[:d:Q6145|Q6145]] | [[Erinaceus europaeus]] | Erinaceus europaeus | 83 | | [[File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Erinaceus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[:d:Q42627|Q42627]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis | 83 | | [[File:Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[:d:Q131340|Q131340]] | [[Rupicapra rupicapra]] | Rupicapra rupicapra | 83 | | [[File:064 Wild Chamois Parc régional Chasseral Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rupicapra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[:d:Q21824|Q21824]] | [[Tachyglossidae]] | Tachyglossidae | 82 | | [[File:Tachyglossus aculeatus side on.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monotremas|Monotremata]]<br/>[[Ornithorhynchoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[:d:Q27366|Q27366]] | [[Martes foina]] | Martes foina | 82 | | [[File:Beech Marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[:d:Q36135|Q36135]] | [[Neofelis nebulosa]] | Neofelis nebulosa | 82 | | [[File:Clouded Leopard (205918213).jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[:d:Q133189|Q133189]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides | 82 | | [[File:Енотовидная собака Гродно (cropped 2).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[:d:Q129727|Q129727]] | [[Lynx pardinus]] | Lynx pardinus | 81 | | [[File:Lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus), Almuradiel, Ciudad Real, España, 2021-12-19, DD 07.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[:d:Q144923|Q144923]] | [[Helarctos malayanus]] | Helarctos malayanus | 81 | | [[File:Sitting sun bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Helarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[:d:Q184224|Q184224]] | [[Rattus norvegicus]] | Rattus norvegicus | 81 | | [[File:A river rat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]] | | [[Ratto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[:d:Q46889|Q46889]] | [[Bos primigenius indicus]] | Bos primigenius indicus | 81 | | [[File:A well-fed bull in Kuno WS AJTJ P1070807.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[milk yielding animal]] | [[Bos taurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[:d:Q129544|Q129544]] | [[Dugong dugon]] | Dugong dugon | 80 | | [[File:Dugong Marsa Alam.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Dugong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[:d:Q182347|Q182347]] | [[leon asiatic]] | Panthera leo persica | 80 | | [[File:Asiatic Lioness in Gir Forest.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[:d:Q180404|Q180404]] | [[Cervus canadensis]] | Cervus canadensis | 80 | | [[File:Jasper.Wapiti-Hirsch.P1033401.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[:d:Q147114|Q147114]] | [[Procyonidae]] | Procyonidae | 79 | | [[File:Procyonidae-01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Musteloidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[:d:Q41407|Q41407]] | [[Enhydra lutris]] | Enhydra lutris | 79 | | [[File:Otter in Seward, Alaska, April 2017.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Enhydra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[:d:Q971343|Q971343]] | [[Microchiroptera]] | Microchiroptera | 78 | | [[File:Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[:d:Q126683|Q126683]] | [[Saiga tatarica]] | Saiga tatarica | 78 | | [[File:Saiga antelope at the Stepnoi Sanctuary.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Saiga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[:d:Q10867|Q10867]] | [[Phocoenidae]] | Phocoenidae | 78 | | [[File:Porpoise 042.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Delphinoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[:d:Q185864|Q185864]] | [[Viverridae]] | Viverridae | 77 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[:d:Q171004|Q171004]] | [[Ursus arctos horribilis]] | Ursus arctos horribilis | 77 | | [[File:Grizzly Denali edit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[:d:Q209067|Q209067]] | [[Talpa europaea]] | Talpa europaea | 77 | | [[File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Talpa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[:d:Q47910|Q47910]] | [[Rhinoceros unicornis]] | Rhinoceros unicornis | 77 | | [[File:Greater one-horned rhinoceros at Chitwan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos|Mammalia]] | [[Rhinoceros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[:d:Q174296|Q174296]] | [[Gauro]] | Bos gaurus | 77 | | [[File:Gaur Indian Bison.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[:d:Q178089|Q178089]] | [[Crocuta crocuta]] | Crocuta crocuta | 76 | | [[File:Hiena manchada (Crocuta crocuta), parque nacional Kruger, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-26, DD 22.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Crocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[:d:Q185231|Q185231]] | [[Mirounga]] | Mirounga | 76 | | [[File:Mirounga leonina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[:d:Q42602|Q42602]] | [[felinos]] | Felinae | 76 | | [[File:Felinae diversity 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[:d:Q187704|Q187704]] | [[Myocastor coypus]] | Myocastor coypus | 76 | | [[File:202401 Myocastor coypus.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Myocastor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[:d:Q185038|Q185038]] | [[Loxodonta]] | Loxodonta | 76 | | [[File:African Bush Elephant.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[elephante]] | [[Elephante|Elephantidae]]<br/>[[Loxodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[:d:Q156606|Q156606]] | [[Macaca mulatta]] | Macaca mulatta | 76 | | [[File:112 Baby rhesus macaque in Jim Corbett National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[:d:Q190858|Q190858]] | [[Gazella]] | Gazella | 76 | | [[File:Chinkara - Shreeram M V - Bikaner.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antilopini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[:d:Q190674|Q190674]] | [[Prionailurus viverrinus]] | Prionailurus viverrinus | 75 | | [[File:Prionailurus viverrinus 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[:d:Q146457|Q146457]] | [[Lynx canadensis]] | Lynx canadensis | 75 | | [[File:Canada lynx by Michael Zahra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[:d:Q192231|Q192231]] | [[Caracal aurata]] | Profelis aurata | 75 | | [[File:FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[:d:Q183339|Q183339]] | [[Antilope cervicapra]] | Antilope cervicapra | 75 | | [[File:BlackBuck.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antilope]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[:d:Q213084|Q213084]] | [[Antidorcas marsupialis]] | Antidorcas marsupialis | 75 | | [[File:174 Male Springbok in Etosha National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antidorcas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[:d:Q23193|Q23193]] | [[Macropodidae]] | Macropodidae | 74 | | [[File:Kangaroo.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macropodiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[:d:Q182968|Q182968]] | [[Cercopithecidae]] | Cercopithecidae | 74 | | [[File:Olive baboon Ngorongoro.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cercopithecoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[:d:Q26559|Q26559]] | [[Mustela lutreola]] | Mustela lutreola | 73 | | [[File:Europäischer Nerz.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[:d:Q188657|Q188657]] | [[Hyaena hyaena]] | Hyaena hyaena | 73 | | [[File:Museo della Specola (Florence) - Hyaena hyaena.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[:d:Q27179|Q27179]] | [[Neovison vison]] | Neogale vison | 73 | | [[File:American Mink.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison]]<br/>[[Neogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[:d:Q182304|Q182304]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | Puma yagouaroundi | 73 | | [[File:Puma yagouaroundi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[:d:Q108235|Q108235]] | [[Gliridae]] | Gliridae | 73 | | [[File:Graphiurus spec -murinus-1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciuromorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[:d:Q180035|Q180035]] | [[Lepus timidus]] | Lepus timidus | 73 | | [[File:Lepus timidus in Volgograd Oblast.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lepus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[:d:Q26547|Q26547]] | [[Yak salvage]] | Bos mutus | 73 | | [[File:Wild Yak Stuffed.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[taxon synonyme]] | | [[Bos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[:d:Q174199|Q174199]] | [[Tursiops truncatus]] | Tursiops truncatus | 73 | | [[File:Tursiops truncatus 01-cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tursiops]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[:d:Q231550|Q231550]] | [[Scandentia]] | Scandentia | 72 | | [[File:Tupaia belangeri -Kaeng Krachan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Euarchonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[:d:Q185385|Q185385]] | [[Lemur catta]] | Lemur catta | 72 | | [[File:Lemur catta 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lemur]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[:d:Q29220|Q29220]] | [[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis]] | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | 72 | | [[File:Sumatran Rhino 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Dicerorhinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[:d:Q190516|Q190516]] | [[Cervus nippon]] | Cervus nippon | 72 | | [[File:202308 Japanese deer.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[:d:Q145016|Q145016]] | [[Melursus ursinus]] | Melursus ursinus | 71 | | [[File:SlothBear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[:d:Q186778|Q186778]] | [[Daubentonia madagascariensis]] | Daubentonia madagascariensis | 71 | | [[File:Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), Tsimbazaza Zoo, Madagascar (3897947810).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Daubentonia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[:d:Q189514|Q189514]] | [[Loxodonta cyclotis]] | Loxodonta cyclotis | 71 | | [[File:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Loxodonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[:d:Q216815|Q216815]] | [[Taurotragus oryx]] | Taurotragus oryx | 71 | | [[File:Taurotragus oryx - young bull - Etosha 2015.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Taurotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[:d:Q168327|Q168327]] | [[Capra ibex]] | Capra ibex | 71 | | [[File:094 Wild female Alpine Ibex at Creux du Van (crop) Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[:d:Q180960|Q180960]] | [[Equus hemionus]] | Equus hemionus | 71 | | [[File:Kulan (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[:d:Q26913|Q26913]] | [[Phoca vitulina]] | Phoca vitulina | 70 | | [[File:Common Seal Phoca vitulina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca (genere)|Phoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[:d:Q185295|Q185295]] | [[Proteles cristata]] | Proteles cristata | 70 | | [[File:Proteles cristatus1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Proteles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[:d:Q179020|Q179020]] | [[Balaenoptera physalus]] | Balaenoptera physalus | 70 | | [[File:Finhval.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Balaenidae]] | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[:d:Q230177|Q230177]] | [[Pantherinae]] | Pantherinae | 69 | | [[File:Jaguar head shot.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[:d:Q183330|Q183330]] | [[Cryptoprocta ferox]] | Cryptoprocta ferox | 69 | | [[File:Cryptoprocta Ferox.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cryptoprocta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[:d:Q188717|Q188717]] | [[Smilodon]] | Smilodon | 69 | | [[File:Smilodon californicus mount.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Smilodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[:d:Q243359|Q243359]] | [[Ursus]] | Ursus | 69 | | [[File:Black bear large.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[:d:Q192930|Q192930]] | [[Chinchilla]] | Chinchilla | 69 | | [[File:Chinchilla lanigera (Wroclaw zoo)-2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Rodentia]] | [[Chinchillidae]]<br/>[[Chinchillinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[:d:Q147128|Q147128]] | [[Glis glis]] | Glis glis | 69 | | [[File:Glis glis 4058.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Glis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[:d:Q186267|Q186267]] | [[Ovis ammon]] | Ovis ammon | 69 | | [[File:Ovis ammon (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ovis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[:d:Q26332|Q26332]] | [[Diprotodontia]] | Diprotodontia | 68 | | [[File:Macropus agilis - 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mammiferos|Mammalia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[:d:Q185230|Q185230]] | [[Pteropodidae]] | Pteropodidae | 68 | | [[File:Pteropus conspicillatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[:d:Q18764|Q18764]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | 68 | | [[File:Paradox hermaph 060924 ltn.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[:d:Q213141|Q213141]] | [[Arctictis binturong]] | Arctictis binturong | 68 | | [[File:Binturong in Overloon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[:d:Q187024|Q187024]] | [[Vulpes corsac]] | Vulpes corsac | 68 | | [[File:Vulpes corsac.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[:d:Q214835|Q214835]] | [[Vulpes bengalensis]] | Vulpes bengalensis | 68 | | [[File:Bengal Fox - Shreeram M V - Rajasthan, India.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[:d:Q182573|Q182573]] | [[liger]] | Panthera leo × Panthera tigris | 68 | | [[File:Liger couple.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[:d:Q185239|Q185239]] | [[Galagidae]] | Galagidae | 68 | | [[File:Greater Bush Baby.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lorisiformes]]<br/>[[Lorisoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[:d:Q106133|Q106133]] | [[Rattus rattus]] | Rattus rattus | 68 | | [[File:20191212 Szczury w Świątyni Karni Maty w Deśnok 1038 8111 DxO.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ratto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[:d:Q200444|Q200444]] | [[Boselaphus tragocamelus]] | Boselaphus tragocamelus | 68 | | [[File:Female neelgai 1 gir 2006 karthick.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Boselaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[:d:Q130942|Q130942]] | [[Theria]] | Theria | 67 | | [[File:Theria.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Boreosphenida]]<br/>[[Holotheria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[:d:Q82261|Q82261]] | [[Haplorrhini]] | Haplorhini | 67 | | [[File:Totenkopfaeffchen.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[primate]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[:d:Q82265|Q82265]] | [[Strepsirrhini]] | Strepsirrhini | 67 | | [[File:Propithecus verreauxi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[primate]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[:d:Q199251|Q199251]] | [[Spermophilus]] | Spermophilus | 67 | | [[File:Europäischer Ziesel in Hockstellung.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Marmotini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[:d:Q199962|Q199962]] | [[Macaca sylvanus]] | Macaca sylvanus | 67 | | [[File:Portrait of a father.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[:d:Q13408062|Q13408062]] | [[Yak domestic]] | Bos grunniens | 67 | | [[File:Bos grunniens at Letdar on Annapurna Circuit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[:d:Q192029|Q192029]] | [[Nasalis larvatus]] | Nasalis larvatus | 67 | | [[File:Proboscis Monkey in Borneo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Nasalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[:d:Q187927|Q187927]] | [[Capra falconeri]] | Capra falconeri | 67 | | [[File:Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[:d:Q186154|Q186154]] | [[Giraffidae]] | Giraffidae | 67 | | [[File:Okapi.bristol.600pix.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Giraffoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[:d:Q174652|Q174652]] | [[Balaena mysticetus]] | Balaena mysticetus | 67 | | [[File:Bowheads42.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[:d:Q178973|Q178973]] | [[Mustela putorius furo]] | Mustela furo | 66 | | [[File:202305 Mustela putorius furo.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[:d:Q726151|Q726151]] | [[Setonix brachyurus]] | Setonix brachyurus | 66 | | [[File:Rottnest Quokka 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Setonix]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[:d:Q53462|Q53462]] | [[Macropus rufus]] | Macropus rufus | 66 | | [[File:Red kangaroo - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Osphranter]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[:d:Q80191|Q80191]] | [[catto marmorate]] | Pardofelis marmorata | 66 | | [[File:Marbled cat borneo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pardofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[:d:Q184067|Q184067]] | [[Ochotona]] | Ochotona | 66 | | [[File:American pika (ochotona princeps) with a mouthful of flowers.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ochotonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[:d:Q193061|Q193061]] | [[Cricetidae]] | Cricetidae | 66 | | [[File:Hamster.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Rodentia]] | [[Muroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[:d:Q189868|Q189868]] | [[Mandrillus sphinx]] | Mandrillus sphinx | 66 | | [[File:Mandrill (4531340530).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mandrillus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[:d:Q190154|Q190154]] | [[Addax nasomaculatus]] | Addax nasomaculatus | 66 | | [[File:Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) adult male and juvenile.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Addax]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[:d:Q1231177|Q1231177]] | [[Ungulata]] | Ungulata | 65 | | [[File:Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Tetrapoda]] | [[Placentarios|Placentalia]]<br/>[[Epitheria]]<br/>[[Fereuungulata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[:d:Q186462|Q186462]] | [[Lemuridae]] | Lemuridae | 65 | | [[File:Eulemur coronatus Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lemuroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[:d:Q22110899|Q22110899]] | [[Choeropsis liberiensis]] | Choeropsis liberiensis | 65 | | [[File:Pygmy hippopotamus pair.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Choeropsis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[:d:Q229337|Q229337]] | [[Rusa unicolor]] | Rusa unicolor | 65 | | [[File:A Sambal Deer at Peace.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[:d:Q232054|Q232054]] | [[Axis axis]] | Axis axis | 65 | | [[File:Chital in Sundarbans National Park July 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Axis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[:d:Q105777|Q105777]] | [[Homo ergaster]] | Homo ergaster | 65 | | [[File:Homo ergaster.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[:d:Q210872|Q210872]] | [[Platanista gangetica]] | Platanista gangetica | 65 | | [[File:Ganges River Dolphin cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Platanista]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[:d:Q188130|Q188130]] | [[Lipotes vexillifer]] | Lipotes vexillifer | 65 | | [[File:Baiji 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lipotes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[:d:Q186663|Q186663]] | [[Hydrurga leptonyx]] | Hydrurga leptonyx | 64 | | [[File:Hydrurga leptonyx edit1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hydrurga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[:d:Q191129|Q191129]] | [[Panthera tigris sumatrae]] | Panthera tigris sumatrae | 64 | | [[File:Sumatran Tiger Berlin Tierpark.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[:d:Q232866|Q232866]] | [[Tayassuidae]] | Tayassuidae | 64 | | [[File:Collared peccary02 - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suina]]<br/>[[artiodactylos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[:d:Q9490|Q9490]] | [[Pteromyini]] | Pteromyini | 64 | | [[File:Glaucomys sabrinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[:d:Q231625|Q231625]] | [[Lepus arcticus]] | Lepus arcticus | 64 | | [[File:Arctic Hare 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lepus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[:d:Q188949|Q188949]] | [[Coelodonta antiquitatis]] | Coelodonta antiquitatis | 64 | | [[File:Coelodonta antiquitatis .jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Coelodonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[:d:Q234121|Q234121]] | [[Muntiacus]] | Muntiacus | 64 | | [[File:Muntiacus reevesi, Cologne Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Muntiacini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[:d:Q45969|Q45969]] | [[Equus quagga quagga]] | Equus quagga quagga | 64 | | [[File:Berlin Quagga.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Equus quagga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[:d:Q187943|Q187943]] | [[Antilocapra americana]] | Antilocapra americana | 64 | | [[File:Antilocapra americana female (Wyoming, 2012).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antilocapra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[:d:Q27370|Q27370]] | [[Halichoerus grypus]] | Halichoerus grypus | 63 | | [[File:Halichoerus grypus male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Halichoerus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[:d:Q241256|Q241256]] | [[Civettictis civetta]] | Civettictis civetta | 63 | | [[File:African civet.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[:d:Q184389|Q184389]] | [[Chrysocyon brachyurus]] | Chrysocyon brachyurus | 63 | | [[File:Chrysocyon brachyurus no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra por Celso Ferrarezi Jr (07).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chrysocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[:d:Q8535351|Q8535351]] | [[Tragulidae]] | Tragulidae | 63 | | [[File:Mouse-deer Singapore Zoo 2012.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tragulina]]<br/>[[artiodactylos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[:d:Q189484|Q189484]] | [[Papio hamadryas]] | Papio hamadryas | 63 | | [[File:Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) female.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Papio]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[:d:Q193469|Q193469]] | [[Budorcas taxicolor]] | Budorcas taxicolor | 63 | | [[File:Budorcas taxicolor01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Budorcas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[:d:Q219565|Q219565]] | [[Equus grevyi]] | Equus grevyi | 63 | | [[File:Equus grevyi in Samburu.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[:d:Q207114|Q207114]] | [[Delphinus delphis]] | Delphinus delphis | 63 | | [[File:Delphinus delphis 326708883.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Delphinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[:d:Q203033|Q203033]] | [[Myrmecophaga tridactyla]] | Myrmecophaga tridactyla | 62 | | [[File:Giant anteater at MAV-USP.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Myrmecophaga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[:d:Q204322|Q204322]] | [[Felis bieti]] | Felis bieti | 62 | | [[File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[:d:Q200400|Q200400]] | [[Otocyon megalotis]] | Otocyon megalotis | 62 | | [[File:187 Bat-eared fox in Otjozondjupa Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[:d:Q302006|Q302006]] | [[Hystricidae]] | Hystricidae | 62 | | [[File:Porcupine Berlin Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[porcupine]] | [[Hystricognathi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[:d:Q273071|Q273071]] | [[Dipodidae]] | Dipodidae | 62 | | [[File:Jaculus orientalis Plzen zoo 02.2011.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Dipodoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[:d:Q192993|Q192993]] | [[Homo erectus erectus]] | Homo erectus erectus | 62 | | [[File:Javamensch Replik Rosensteinmuseum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo erectus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[:d:Q232829|Q232829]] | [[Balaenopteridae]] | Balaenopteridae | 62 | | [[File:Humpback Whale underwater shot.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenopteroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[:d:Q179154|Q179154]] | [[Eschrichtius robustus]] | Eschrichtius robustus | 62 | | [[File:Gray whale.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eschrichtius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[:d:Q3887135|Q3887135]] | [[Otariinae]] | Otariinae | 61 | | [[File:California sea lion in La Jolla (70568).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Otariidae]] | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[:d:Q208549|Q208549]] | [[Monachus monachus]] | Monachus monachus | 61 | | [[File:Billy monk seal 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[:d:Q192742|Q192742]] | [[Panthera tigris corbetti]] | Panthera tigris corbetti | 61 | | [[File:Indochinese Tiger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[:d:Q207148|Q207148]] | [[Muscardinus avellanarius]] | Muscardinus avellanarius | 61 | | [[File:Haselmaus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Muscardinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[:d:Q191781|Q191781]] | [[Macaca fuscata]] | Macaca fuscata | 61 | | [[File:202308 Japanese macaque.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[:d:Q139487|Q139487]] | [[Tragelaphus strepsiceros]] | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 61 | | [[File:Greater kudu skeleton at MAV-USP.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Kudu]] | [[Tragelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[:d:Q243213|Q243213]] | [[Equus zebra]] | Equus zebra | 61 | | [[File:Equus zebra - Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, Orlando, Florida, USA - 20100119.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[:d:Q3699044|Q3699044]] | [[Woolly Mammoth]] | Mammuthus primigenius | 61 | | [[File:202003 Woolly mammoth.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mammuthus|Mammut]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[:d:Q45931|Q45931]] | [[Peking Man]] | Homo erectus pekinensis | 61 | | [[File:Sinathropus pekinensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo erectus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[:d:Q185097|Q185097]] | [[Balaenoptera borealis]] | Balaenoptera borealis | 61 | | [[File:Balaenoptera borealis 3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[:d:Q972452|Q972452]] | [[Vermilingua]] | Vermilingua | 60 | | [[File:DirkvdM tamandua.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pilosa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[:d:Q190691|Q190691]] | [[Desmodontinae]] | Desmodontinae | 60 | | [[File:Desmo-boden.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phyllostomidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[:d:Q147267|Q147267]] | [[Didelphis virginiana]] | Didelphis virginiana | 60 | | [[File:Opossum 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Didelphis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[:d:Q149405|Q149405]] | [[Erignathus barbatus]] | Erignathus barbatus | 60 | | [[File:Bartrobbe 3-2002.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Pinnipedia]] | [[Erignathus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[:d:Q254630|Q254630]] | [[Potos flavus]] | Potos flavus | 60 | | [[File:Potos flavus (8973438737).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Potos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[:d:Q185401|Q185401]] | [[Panthera tigris balica]] | Panthera tigris balica | 60 | | [[File:BaronOscarVojnich3Nov1911Ti.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[:d:Q622880|Q622880]] | [[Alcelaphus buselaphus]] | Alcelaphus buselaphus | 60 | | [[File:Coke's Hartebeest, running.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Alcelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[:d:Q623434|Q623434]] | [[Kobus ellipsiprymnus]] | Kobus ellipsiprymnus | 60 | | [[File:Antílope acuático (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), parque nacional de Chobe, Botsuana, 2018-07-28, DD 49.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Kobus]] | [[Wasserbock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[:d:Q207043|Q207043]] | [[Oryx gazella]] | Oryx gazella | 60 | | [[File:Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) female ... (50917402268).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[:d:Q213889|Q213889]] | [[Symphalangus syndactylus]] | Symphalangus syndactylus | 60 | | [[File:Siamang 2014.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Symphalangus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[:d:Q644255|Q644255]] | [[Cervus]] | Cervus | 60 | | [[File:Cervus elaphus Luc Viatour 6.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[:d:Q215887|Q215887]] | [[Odocoileus virginianus]] | Odocoileus virginianus | 60 | | [[File:White tailed doe odocoileus virginianus standing alertly in low brush and looking.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Odocoileus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[:d:Q208112|Q208112]] | [[Litocranius walleri]] | Litocranius walleri | 60 | | [[File:Giraffe gazelle africa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Litocranius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[:d:Q201808|Q201808]] | [[Balaenoptera acutorostrata]] | Balaenoptera acutorostrata | 60 | | [[File:Balaenoptera-acutorostrata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[:d:Q27027|Q27027]] | [[Phocoena phocoena]] | Phocoena phocoena | 60 | | [[File:Daan Close Up.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocoena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[:d:Q213333|Q213333]] | [[Dasyuromorphia]] | Dasyuromorphia | 59 | | [[File:Dasyurus maculatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Australidelphia]]<br/>[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<br/>[[Mammiferos|Mammalia]]<br/>[[Agreodontia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[:d:Q43221|Q43221]] | [[Genetta]] | Genetta | 59 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[:d:Q28157482|Q28157482]] | [[Parahyaena brunnea]] | Parahyaena brunnea | 59 | | [[File:Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) (6472940707).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Parahyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[:d:Q191737|Q191737]] | [[Speothos venaticus]] | Speothos venaticus | 59 | | [[File:Bush dog.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Speothos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[:d:Q192967|Q192967]] | [[Panthera pardus orientalis]] | Panthera pardus orientalis | 59 | | [[File:Amur Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis Facing Forward 1761px.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[:d:Q237260|Q237260]] | [[Ursus arctos middendorffi]] | Ursus arctos middendorffi | 59 | | [[File:2010-kodiak-bear-1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[:d:Q188957|Q188957]] | [[Canis simensis]] | Canis simensis | 59 | | [[File:Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis citernii) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[:d:Q30359|Q30359]] | [[Cynomys]] | Cynomys | 59 | | [[File:Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Eating.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Marmotini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[:d:Q243339|Q243339]] | [[Pteromys volans]] | Pteromys volans | 59 | | [[File:Lendorava pabulad.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteromys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[:d:Q192272|Q192272]] | [[Mammut]] | Mammut | 59 | | [[File:American mastodon with calf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mammutidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[:d:Q208561|Q208561]] | [[Papio anubis]] | Papio anubis | 59 | | [[File:Male Olive Baboon 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Papio]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[:d:Q212185|Q212185]] | [[Apodemus sylvaticus]] | Apodemus sylvaticus | 59 | | [[File:Apodemus sylvaticus (Sardinia).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Apodemus]]<br/>[[Sylvaemus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[:d:Q242602|Q242602]] | [[Oreamnos americanus]] | Oreamnos americanus | 59 | | [[File:Mountain Goat Mount Massive.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oreamnos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[:d:Q205329|Q205329]] | [[Inia geoffrensis]] | Inia geoffrensis | 59 | | [[File:Amazonas Flussdelfin Apure Orinoco Duisburg 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Inia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[:d:Q203208|Q203208]] | [[Phoca hispida]] | Pusa hispida | 58 | | [[File:Phoca hispida.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[:d:Q271459|Q271459]] | [[Mustela sibirica]] | Mustela sibirica | 58 | | [[File:Mustela sibirica 203783677.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[:d:Q70529|Q70529]] | [[Vormela peregusna]] | Vormela peregusna | 58 | | [[File:Marbled Polecat, Suzakskiy, Kazakhstan 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[:d:Q215250|Q215250]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | 58 | | [[File:Gray fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[:d:Q14592562|Q14592562]] | [[Bassaricyon neblina]] | Bassaricyon neblina | 58 | | [[File:Olinguito ZooKeys 324, solo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[:d:Q188535|Q188535]] | [[Panthera tigris virgata]] | Panthera tigris virgata | 58 | | [[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[:d:Q237157|Q237157]] | [[Platyrrhini]] | Platyrrhini | 58 | | [[File:BrownSpiderMonkey (edit2).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Simiiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[:d:Q258244|Q258244]] | [[Ateles]] | Ateles | 58 | | [[File:Ateles fusciceps Colombia.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Atelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[:d:Q27016|Q27016]] | [[Arvicola amphibius]] | Arvicola amphibius | 58 | | [[File:Water.vole.arp.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[homotypic synonym]] | | [[Arvicola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[:d:Q658179|Q658179]] | [[Oryx]] | Oryx | 58 | | [[File:Oryx gazella (Chudop).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippotraginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[:d:Q208140|Q208140]] | [[Equus africanus]] | Equus africanus | 58 | | [[File:African wild Ass.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[:d:Q187484|Q187484]] | [[Hydrodamalis gigas]] | Hydrodamalis gigas | 57 | | [[File:Hydrodamalis gigas skeleton - Finnish Museum of Natural History - DSC04529.JPG|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Hydrodamalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[:d:Q83774|Q83774]] | [[Pteronura brasiliensis]] | Pteronura brasiliensis | 57 | | [[File:Giantotter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteronura]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[:d:Q309274|Q309274]] | [[Prionailurus rubiginosus]] | Prionailurus rubiginosus | 57 | | [[File:Rostkatze.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[:d:Q200848|Q200848]] | [[Panthera tigris amoyensis]] | Panthera tigris amoyensis | 57 | | [[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[:d:Q208077|Q208077]] | [[Cricetus cricetus]] | Cricetus cricetus | 57 | | [[File:Hamster.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cricetus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[:d:Q328809|Q328809]] | [[gnu blau]] | Connochaetes taurinus | 57 | | [[File:Blue Wildebeest, Ngorongoro.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[gnu]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[:d:Q193400|Q193400]] | [[Tragelaphus eurycerus]] | Tragelaphus eurycerus | 57 | | [[File:Bongo Burger Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tragelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[:d:Q194080|Q194080]] | [[Theropithecus gelada]] | Theropithecus gelada | 57 | | [[File:Southern gelada (Theropithecus gelada obscura) female with baby.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Theropithecus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[:d:Q460977|Q460977]] | [[Gazella subgutturosa]] | Gazella subgutturosa | 57 | | [[File:Female goitered gazelle, Shirvan National Park, Azerbaijan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Gazella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[:d:Q506308|Q506308]] | [[Rucervus duvaucelii]] | Rucervus duvaucelii | 57 | | [[File:Barasingha females.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rucervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[:d:Q275615|Q275615]] | [[Ourebia ourebi]] | Ourebia ourebi | 57 | | [[File:Sudan Oribi (Ourebia montana) female (18199933351).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ourebia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[:d:Q599672|Q599672]] | [[Pongo pygmaeus]] | Pongo pygmaeus | 57 | | [[File:Nanga with male baby.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[endemic species]] | | [[Pongo (taxon)|Pongo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[:d:Q311212|Q311212]] | [[Paraceratherium]] | Paraceratherium | 57 | | [[File:Indricotherium skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]]<br/>[[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Paraceratheriidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[:d:Q273331|Q273331]] | [[Orcaella brevirostris]] | Orcaella brevirostris | 57 | | [[File:Irrawaddy Dolphin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Orcaella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[:d:Q203897|Q203897]] | [[Grampus griseus]] | Grampus griseus | 57 | | [[File:Rundkopfdelfin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Grampus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[:d:Q1241332|Q1241332]] | [[Pteropus]] | Pteropus | 56 | | [[File:Bristol.zoo.livfruitbat.arp.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteropodidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[:d:Q242419|Q242419]] | [[numbat]] | Myrmecobius fasciatus | 56 | | [[File:Numbat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Myrmecobius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[:d:Q193182|Q193182]] | [[Tachyglossus aculeatus]] | Tachyglossus aculeatus | 56 | | [[File:Wild shortbeak echidna.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tachyglossus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[:d:Q232129|Q232129]] | [[Taxidea taxus]] | Taxidea taxus | 56 | | [[File:AmericanBadger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | [[:d:Q319070|Q319070]] | [[Vulpes ferrilata]] | Vulpes ferrilata | 56 | | [[File:Vulpes ferrilata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[:d:Q200442|Q200442]] | [[Canis lupus rufus]] | Canis lupus rufus | 56 | | [[File:07-03-23RedWolfAlbanyGAChehaw.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[:d:Q685772|Q685772]] | [[Caviidae]] | Caviidae | 56 | | [[File:Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hystricognathi]]<br/>[[Cavioidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[:d:Q203868|Q203868]] | [[Indri indri]] | Indri indri | 56 | | [[File:Indri indri 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Indri]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[:d:Q192710|Q192710]] | [[Tapirus indicus]] | Tapirus indicus | 56 | | [[File:Malayan Tapir.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapirus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[:d:Q301676|Q301676]] | [[Macaca fascicularis]] | Macaca fascicularis | 56 | | [[File:Macaca fascicularis, Ubud Monkey Forest, Bali, 20220822 1053 0059.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[:d:Q210358|Q210358]] | [[Vespertilionidae]] | Vespertilionidae | 55 | | [[File:Abendsegler-drawing.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Microchiroptera]]<br/>[[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]]<br/>[[Vespertilionoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[:d:Q4535|Q4535]] | [[Pusa sibirica]] | Pusa sibirica | 55 | | [[File:Из жизни байкальской нерпы близ Ушканьих островов 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[:d:Q244277|Q244277]] | [[Aonyx cinerea]] | Aonyx cinerea | 55 | | [[File:Small-clawed otter from Western Ghats.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[:d:Q373558|Q373558]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | Lycalopex culpaeus | 55 | | [[File:Culpeo MC.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[:d:Q272933|Q272933]] | [[Vulpes chama]] | Vulpes chama | 55 | | [[File:Vulpes chama (Etosha).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | [[:d:Q200381|Q200381]] | [[Panthera tigris sondaica]] | Panthera tigris sondaica | 55 | | [[File:Panthera tigris sondaica 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[:d:Q206930|Q206930]] | [[Catarrhini]] | Catarrhini | 55 | | [[File:Petit-cercopithecus-hamlyni.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Simiiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[:d:Q60205|Q60205]] | [[Tarsius]] | Tarsius | 55 | | [[File:Tarsius spectrumgurskyae 339769929.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tarsiidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[:d:Q81063|Q81063]] | [[Lepus americanus]] | Lepus americanus | 55 | | [[File:Lepus americanus 5459 cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilolagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[:d:Q216580|Q216580]] | [[bank vole]] | Myodes glareolus | 55 | | [[File:BankVole.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[red-backed vole]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[:d:Q272293|Q272293]] | [[Pantholops hodgsonii]] | Pantholops hodgsonii | 55 | | [[File:Atilope du Tibet.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pantholops]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[:d:Q234597|Q234597]] | [[Tragelaphus spekii]] | Tragelaphus spekii | 55 | | [[File:Sitatunga (1).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tragelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[:d:Q239381|Q239381]] | [[Hippotragus niger]] | Hippotragus niger | 55 | | [[File:Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) adult male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[:d:Q471785|Q471785]] | [[Hippotragus equinus]] | Hippotragus equinus | 55 | | [[File:Hippotragus equinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[:d:Q216263|Q216263]] | [[Madoqua]] | Madoqua | 55 | | [[File:Dik-dik (male) -Tarangire National Park -Tanzania.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neotragini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[:d:Q322141|Q322141]] | [[Ammotragus lervia]] | Ammotragus lervia | 55 | | [[File:Two Barbary sheep.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ammotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[:d:Q218792|Q218792]] | [[Pseudoryx nghetinhensis]] | Pseudoryx nghetinhensis | 55 | | [[File:Pseudoryx nghetinhensis.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Pseudoryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[:d:Q107685|Q107685]] | [[Australopithecus afarensis]] | Australopithecus afarensis | 55 | | [[File:Lucy Mexico.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | [[early human migrations]] | [[Australopithecus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[:d:Q533451|Q533451]] | [[Muntiacus muntjak]] | Muntiacus muntjak | 55 | | [[File:Muntiacus muntjak 34068208 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Muntiacus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | [[:d:Q9324400|Q9324400]] | [[Macroscelididae]] | Macroscelididae | 54 | | [[File:Macroscelides. proboscideus.6869.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macroscelidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | [[:d:Q649306|Q649306]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | Herpestes ichneumon | 54 | | [[File:Herpestes ichneumon Египетский мангуст, или фараонова крыса, или ихневмо́н.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | [[:d:Q215343|Q215343]] | [[Mirounga leonina]] | Mirounga leonina | 54 | | [[File:0046 Tiere der Antarktis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mirounga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | [[:d:Q217291|Q217291]] | [[Vulpes cana]] | Vulpes cana | 54 | | [[File:Blandford's fox 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | [[:d:Q269871|Q269871]] | [[Neofelis]] | Neofelis | 54 | | [[File:Neofelis nebulosa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | [[:d:Q205935|Q205935]] | [[Dusicyon australis]] | Dusicyon australis | 54 | | [[File:Falkland Island wolf, Dusicyon australis OMNZVT2369 !1pub (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Dusicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | [[:d:Q321376|Q321376]] | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | Cerdocyon thous | 54 | | [[File:Cerdocyon thous MG 9503.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | [[:d:Q274177|Q274177]] | [[Prionailurus planiceps]] | Prionailurus planiceps | 54 | | [[File:Flat-headed cat 1 Jim Sanderson 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | [[:d:Q215836|Q215836]] | [[Panthera tigris jacksoni]] | Panthera tigris jacksoni | 54 | | [[File:MalayanTiger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]]<br/>[[Mainland Asian tiger]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | [[:d:Q496689|Q496689]] | [[Aenocyon dirus]] | Aeonocyon dirus | 54 | | [[File:Canis dirus Skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | [[:d:Q369889|Q369889]] | [[Suncus etruscus]] | Suncus etruscus | 54 | | [[File:Suncus etruscus crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suncus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | [[:d:Q323847|Q323847]] | [[Procavia capensis]] | Procavia capensis | 54 | | [[File:Cape Dassie.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procavia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | [[:d:Q244770|Q244770]] | [[Gerbillinae]] | Gerbillinae | 54 | | [[File:Chibita gerbil 2002 10 04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Murides|Muridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | [[:d:Q209516|Q209516]] | [[Micromys minutus]] | Micromys minutus | 54 | | [[File:Micromys minutus - British Wildlife Centre.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[animal]] | | [[Micromys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | [[:d:Q237267|Q237267]] | [[Kobus kob]] | Kobus kob | 54 | | [[File:Ugandan kob (Kobus kob thomasi) male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Kobus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | [[:d:Q237286|Q237286]] | [[Oryx leucoryx]] | Oryx leucoryx | 54 | | [[File:Oryx.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | [[:d:Q243727|Q243727]] | [[Microtus arvalis]] | Microtus arvalis | 54 | | [[File:Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Microtus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | [[:d:Q192573|Q192573]] | [[Hydropotes inermis]] | Hydropotes inermis | 54 | | [[File:Shammy.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hydropotes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | [[:d:Q273580|Q273580]] | [[Tetracerus quadricornis]] | Tetracerus quadricornis | 54 | | [[File:Four-horned Antelope.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tetracerus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | [[:d:Q310846|Q310846]] | [[Homo antecessor]] | Homo antecessor | 54 | | [[File:Homo antecessor.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | [[Hominini]] | [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]]<br/>[[Homo erectus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | [[:d:Q20962857|Q20962857]] | [[Homo naledi]] | Homo naledi | 54 | | [[File:Homo naledi skeletal specimens.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | [[:d:Q782603|Q782603]] | [[Balaenidae]] | Balaenidae | 54 | | [[File:Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cetacea]] | [[Balaenoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | [[:d:Q190508|Q190508]] | [[Moschus moschiferus]] | Moschus moschiferus | 54 | | [[File:Moschus moschiferus in Plzen zoo (12.02.2011).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Moschus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | [[:d:Q40261|Q40261]] | [[Trichechus manatus]] | Trichechus manatus | 53 | | [[File:Manatee with calf.PD - colour corrected.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Trichechus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | [[:d:Q209324|Q209324]] | [[Pagophilus groenlandicus]] | Pagophilus groenlandicus | 53 | | [[File:Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), Greenland Sea IMG 5006.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pagophilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | [[:d:Q584064|Q584064]] | [[Martes pennanti]] | Martes pennanti | 53 | | [[File:Fisher (animal).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | [[:d:Q295994|Q295994]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | Vulpes rueppellii | 53 | | [[File:Rüppell's fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | [[:d:Q176901|Q176901]] | [[Pipistrellus pipistrellus]] | Pipistrellus pipistrellus | 53 | | [[File:Pipistrellus pipistrellus lateral.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pipistrellus (Pipistrellus)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | [[:d:Q23340|Q23340]] | [[Tenrecidae]] | Tenrecidae | 53 | | [[File:Gewone tenrek 5.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tenrecomorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | [[:d:Q37212|Q37212]] | [[Lemuriformes]] | Lemuriformes | 53 | | [[File:Indri Indri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Strepsirrhini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | [[:d:Q748185|Q748185]] | [[Lepus capensis]] | Lepus capensis | 53 | | [[File:Cape Hare, near Prince Albert, Western Cape, South Africa - panoramio.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lepus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | [[:d:Q286088|Q286088]] | [[Cavia]] | Cavia | 53 | | [[File:Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caviinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | [[:d:Q204175|Q204175]] | [[Mesocricetus auratus]] | Mesocricetus auratus | 53 | | [[File:Golden hamster front 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cricetinae]] | [[Mesocricetus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | [[:d:Q329187|Q329187]] | [[Tamias sibiricus]] | Tamias sibiricus | 53 | | [[File:Streifenhoernchen.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[invasive species]] | | [[Eutamias]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | [[:d:Q751636|Q751636]] | [[Papio cynocephalus]] | Papio cynocephalus | 53 | | [[File:Amboseli National Park, Kenya (53470637505).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Papio]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | [[:d:Q221434|Q221434]] | [[Mandrillus leucophaeus]] | Mandrillus leucophaeus | 53 | | [[File:Drill Lincolnparkzoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mandrillus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | [[:d:Q207906|Q207906]] | [[Elaphurus davidianus]] | Elaphurus davidianus | 53 | | [[File:Elaphurus davidianus - 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Elaphurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | [[:d:Q233608|Q233608]] | [[Equus ferus ferus]] | Equus ferus ferus | 53 | | [[File:Kherson tarpan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Equus ferus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | [[:d:Q221056|Q221056]] | [[Balaenoptera brydei]] | Balaenoptera brydei | 53 | | [[File:Balaenoptera brydei.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | [[:d:Q215332|Q215332]] | [[Stenella coeruleoalba]] | Stenella coeruleoalba | 53 | | [[File:Stenella coeruleoalba.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Stenella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | [[:d:Q193683|Q193683]] | [[Eubalaena glacialis]] | Eubalaena glacialis | 53 | | [[File:Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eubalaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | [[:d:Q206538|Q206538]] | [[Myrmecophagidae]] | Myrmecophagidae | 52 | | [[File:Myresluger2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vermilingua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | [[:d:Q446882|Q446882]] | [[Lutra]] | Lutra | 52 | | [[File:Fischotter Lutra lutra1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | [[:d:Q210708|Q210708]] | [[Plecotus auritus]] | Plecotus auritus | 52 | | [[File:Plecotus auritus 2013-2 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Plecotus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | [[:d:Q737413|Q737413]] | [[Rhinolophus ferrumequinum]] | Rhinolophus ferrumequinum | 52 | | [[File:Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) Hrdovicka.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rhinolophus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | [[:d:Q513081|Q513081]] | [[civetta de palma african]] | Nandinia binotata | 52 | specie de mammifero carnivore | [[File:Nandinia binotata, Manchester Museum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nandinia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | [[:d:Q220248|Q220248]] | [[Martes flavigula]] | Martes flavigula | 52 | | [[File:Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]]<br/>[[Charronia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | [[:d:Q626023|Q626023]] | [[Mirounga angustirostris]] | Mirounga angustirostris | 52 | | [[File:Elephant seals fighting.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mirounga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | [[:d:Q42592|Q42592]] | [[Prionailurus]] | Prionailurus | 52 | | [[File:Bengalkatze.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | [[:d:Q270748|Q270748]] | [[Puma]] | Puma | 52 | | [[File:Puma - 49044464307.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | [[:d:Q1383362|Q1383362]] | [[tigon]] | Panthera tigris × Panthera leo | 52 | | [[File:Tigon4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | [[:d:Q275163|Q275163]] | [[Neofelis diardi]] | Neofelis diardi | 52 | | [[File:Borneo clouded leopard.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | [[:d:Q221094|Q221094]] | [[leon berbere]] | Panthera leo leo | 52 | | [[File:Barbary lion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[population]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | [[:d:Q1114471|Q1114471]] | [[Tarsiidae]] | Tarsiidae | 52 | | [[File:Tarsier Hugs Mossy Branch.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tarsiiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | [[:d:Q271785|Q271785]] | [[Cheirogaleidae]] | Cheirogaleidae | 52 | | [[File:Microcebus myoxinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cheirogaleoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | [[:d:Q752467|Q752467]] | [[Manis crassicaudata]] | Manis crassicaudata | 52 | | [[File:IndianPangolin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Manis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | [[:d:Q269728|Q269728]] | [[Manis javanica]] | Manis javanica | 52 | | [[File:Pangolin borneo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paramanis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | [[:d:Q273565|Q273565]] | [[Kobus leche]] | Kobus leche | 52 | | [[File:Leaping Lechwe.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Kobus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | [[:d:Q216871|Q216871]] | [[Apodemus flavicollis]] | Apodemus flavicollis | 52 | | [[File:Apodemus.flavicollis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Apodemus]]<br/>[[Sylvaemus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | [[:d:Q494436|Q494436]] | [[Naemorhedus goral]] | Naemorhedus goral | 52 | | [[File:The Himalayan Ghoral.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Naemorhedus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | [[:d:Q271705|Q271705]] | [[Eudorcas thomsonii]] | Eudorcas thomsonii | 52 | | [[File:Eudorcas thomsonii 313407401 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eudorcas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | [[:d:Q372169|Q372169]] | [[Axis porcinus]] | Axis porcinus | 52 | | [[File:Axis porcinus - Flickr - Lip Kee (1).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | [[:d:Q232558|Q232558]] | [[Babyrousa]] | Babyrousa | 52 | | [[File:Hirscheber1a.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Babyrousini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | [[:d:Q543424|Q543424]] | [[Pongo abelii]] | Pongo abelii | 52 | | [[File:Orangutan 103.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[endemic species]] | | [[Pongo (taxon)|Pongo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | [[:d:Q208132|Q208132]] | [[Pseudorca crassidens]] | Pseudorca crassidens | 52 | | [[File:False killer whale 890002.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pseudorca]] | [[Blackfish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | [[:d:Q244410|Q244410]] | [[Eubalaena australis]] | Eubalaena australis | 52 | | [[File:Southern right whale6.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eubalaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | [[:d:Q244587|Q244587]] | [[Peramelemorphia]] | Peramelemorphia | 51 | | [[File:Taxidermied Bandicoot.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Australidelphia]]<br/>[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<br/>[[Mammiferos|Mammalia]]<br/>[[Agreodontia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | [[:d:Q613760|Q613760]] | [[Herpestes edwardsi]] | Herpestes edwardsi | 51 | | [[File:Herpestes edwardsii at Hyderaba.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | [[:d:Q322145|Q322145]] | [[Martes americana]] | Martes americana | 51 | | [[File:Marten bounding through the snow (512488bd-68e6-4b67-8e14-95657c022029).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | [[:d:Q734351|Q734351]] | [[Viverricula indica]] | Viverricula indica | 51 | | [[File:Small Indian Civet (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | [[:d:Q216441|Q216441]] | [[Canis lupus arctos]] | Canis lupus arctos | 51 | | [[File:Arctic Wolf in Aulavik National Park 04 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | [[:d:Q23351|Q23351]] | [[Chrysochloridae]] | Chrysochloridae | 51 | | [[File:NHM Chrysospalax trevelyani (cropped).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chrysochloridea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | [[:d:Q58949|Q58949]] | [[Muroidea]] | Muroidea | 51 | | [[File:Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Rodentia]] | [[Myomorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | [[:d:Q368623|Q368623]] | [[Lorisidae]] | Lorisidae | 51 | | [[File:Loris tardigradus tardigradus 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lorisiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | [[:d:Q244372|Q244372]] | [[Sorex minutus]] | Sorex minutus | 51 | | [[File:Sorex minutus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sorex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | [[:d:Q842283|Q842283]] | [[Manis pentadactyla]] | Manis pentadactyla | 51 | | [[File:Manis pentadactyla (29054818144).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Manis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | [[:d:Q339418|Q339418]] | [[Rattus exulans]] | Rattus exulans | 51 | | [[File:Pacific rat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ratto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | [[:d:Q220271|Q220271]] | [[Tapirus terrestris]] | Tapirus terrestris | 51 | | [[File:Brazilian tapir zoo.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapirus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | [[:d:Q369817|Q369817]] | [[Oryx dammah]] | Oryx dammah | 51 | | [[File:Oryx Dammah.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | [[:d:Q208043|Q208043]] | [[Hylobates lar]] | Hylobates lar | 51 | | [[File:Hylobates lar - Kaeng Krachan WB.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hylobates]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | [[:d:Q465019|Q465019]] | [[Pseudois nayaur]] | Pseudois nayaur | 51 | | [[File:Bharal - Shreeram M V - Kibber, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pseudois]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | [[:d:Q111463|Q111463]] | [[Paranthropus]] | Paranthropus | 51 | | [[File:Paranthropus-boisei-Nairobi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Australopithecinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | [[:d:Q189466|Q189466]] | [[Ovis canadensis]] | Ovis canadensis | 51 | | [[File:Big Horn Sheep.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ovis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | [[:d:Q239272|Q239272]] | [[Australopithecus africanus]] | Australopithecus africanus | 51 | | [[File:Mrs Ples Face.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Australopithecus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | [[:d:Q501491|Q501491]] | [[Capreolus pygargus]] | Capreolus pygargus | 51 | | [[File:Siberian roe deer.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capreolus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | [[:d:Q312054|Q312054]] | [[Megaloceros giganteus]] | Megaloceros giganteus | 51 | | [[File:Megaloceros 1856.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Megaloceros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | [[:d:Q3645260|Q3645260]] | [[Phacochoerus]] | Phacochoerus | 51 | | [[File:Desert Warthog, Samburu, Kenya 04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phacochoerini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | [[:d:Q498993|Q498993]] | [[Erinaceus]] | Erinaceus | 50 | | [[File:Erinaceus europeaus (DarkAn9el).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Erinaceinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | [[:d:Q214287|Q214287]] | [[Cystophora cristata]] | Cystophora cristata | 50 | | [[File:2016-klappmützemuseumkoenig.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cystophora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | [[:d:Q434197|Q434197]] | [[Mustela altaica]] | Mustela altaica | 50 | | [[File:Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | [[:d:Q757265|Q757265]] | [[Viverra zibetha]] | Viverra zibetha | 50 | | [[File:Large Indian Civet, Viverra zibetha in Kaeng Krachan national park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | [[:d:Q214869|Q214869]] | [[Eptesicus serotinus]] | Eptesicus serotinus | 50 | | [[File:Eptesicus serotinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eptesicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | [[:d:Q626049|Q626049]] | [[Paguma larvata]] | Paguma larvata | 50 | | [[File:202309 Masked palm civet.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | [[:d:Q148462|Q148462]] | [[Nasua nasua]] | Nasua nasua | 50 | | [[File:Coati roux Amiens 4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | [[:d:Q832036|Q832036]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus | 50 | specie de mammal | [[File:Leão baio.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | [[:d:Q270098|Q270098]] | [[Macropus giganteus]] | Macropus giganteus | 50 | | [[File:Eastern grey kangaroo dec07 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macropus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | [[:d:Q745751|Q745751]] | [[Vulpes macrotis]] | Vulpes macrotis | 50 | | [[File:San Joaquin kit fox male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | [[:d:Q465986|Q465986]] | [[Neomys fodiens]] | Neomys fodiens | 50 | | [[File:Neomys fodiens TF 090829.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neomys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | [[:d:Q465786|Q465786]] | [[Eliomys quercinus]] | Eliomys quercinus | 50 | | [[File:Eliomys quercinus01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eliomys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | [[:d:Q504247|Q504247]] | [[Alouatta]] | Alouatta | 50 | | [[File:Mantled howler monkey and baby (81337)2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Alouattinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | [[:d:Q244361|Q244361]] | [[Callithrix pygmaea]] | Callithrix pygmaea | 50 | | [[File:Dværgsilkeabe Callithrix pygmaea.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Callithrix]]<br/>[[Cebuella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | [[:d:Q276290|Q276290]] | [[Heterocephalus glaber]] | Heterocephalus glaber | 50 | | [[File:Nacktmull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Heterocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | [[:d:Q223960|Q223960]] | [[Tapirus pinchaque]] | Tapirus pinchaque | 50 | | [[File:Mountain Tapir.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapirus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | [[:d:Q506518|Q506518]] | [[Macaca silenus]] | Macaca silenus | 50 | | [[File:Lion Tailed Macaque aggression.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | [[:d:Q106565|Q106565]] | [[Ardipithecus]] | Ardipithecus | 50 | | [[File:Ardi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Preanthropinae]]<br/>[[Australopithecine]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | [[:d:Q328516|Q328516]] | [[Capra nubiana]] | Capra nubiana | 50 | | [[File:Israel. Nubian ibex (15625972648).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | [[:d:Q754947|Q754947]] | [[Capra sibirica]] | Capra sibirica | 50 | | [[File:Siberian Ibex.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | [[:d:Q221380|Q221380]] | [[Equus kiang]] | Equus kiang | 50 | | [[File:Equus kiang holdereri02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | [[:d:Q591305|Q591305]] | [[Elephas maximus indicus]] | Elephas maximus indicus | 50 | | [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Elephas maximus]] | [[Elephas maximus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | [[:d:Q623173|Q623173]] | [[Ziphius cavirostris]] | Ziphius cavirostris | 50 | | [[File:Ziphius carvirostris.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ziphius]] | |} ---- &sum; 422 items. {{Wikidata list end}} ed4sg4ptck05lhpz0spg7gw1nexrauh 0 54534 697092 692675 2026-06-09T06:56:28Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697092 wikitext text/x-wiki Le historia del terras que postea devenira le Statos Unite comenciava con le arrivata de su prime habitantes in America circa 15,000 a.C. Numerose culturas indigene se formava, e multes se transformava in le dece-sexte seculo ab modos de vita plus densemente populate verso collectivitates reorganisate in le natura. == Prehistoria == [[File:Peopling of America through Beringia.png|thumb|Location approximate del corridor libere de glacie e specific sitos Paleoindian ([[Teoria Clovis]]).]] === Paleo-Indios === [[File: North American cultural areas.png|thumb|right|The [[cultural area]]s of [[pre-Columbian North America]], according to [[Alfred Kroeber]]]] === Constructores de monticulos e pueblos === {{Main|Mound Builders|Ancestral Puebloans}} [[File:Grave Creek Mound.jpg|thumb|[[Grave Creek Mound]], located in [[Moundsville, West Virginia]], is one of the largest conical mounds in the United States. It was built by the [[Adena culture]].]] [[File:Monks Mound in July.JPG|thumb|[[Monks Mound]] of [[Cahokia]] ([[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]) in summer]] [[File:Cliff Palace.JPG|thumb|Cliff Palace, [[Mesa Verde National Park]], a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]]] === Nord-west e nord-est === [[File:Tlingit K'alyaan Totem Pole August 2005.jpg|thumb|right|The ''K'alyaan'' [[Totem pole]] of the [[Tlingit]] Kiks.ádi Clan, erected at [[Sitka National Historical Park]] to commemorate the lives lost in the 1804 [[Battle of Sitka]]]] === Hawaiianos native === === Puerto Rico === === Exploration viking === [[File:Christian-krohg-leiv-eriksson.jpg|thumb|''[[Leiv Eirikson Discovering America]]'' by [[Christian Krohg]], 1893]] == Colonisation europee == [[File:Non-Native American Nations Control over N America 1750.png|thumb|European territorial claims in North America, c. 1750]] Post un periodo de exploration patrocinato per le principal statos europee, le prime colonia anglese succedite in 1607. Le europeos portava cavallos, boves e porcos al America e, reciprocamente, prendeva mais, tacchinos, pomodores, patatas, tabacco, fabas e cucurbitas al Europa. Multe exploratores e colonos primogenie moriva post esser exposte a nove maladias al America. Tuttavia, le effectos del nove maladias eurasian portate per le colonistas, particularmente le variola e le morbillo, esseva multo plus grave pro le indianos native, proque illes non habeva immunisation contra illes. Illes suffreva epidemicas e moriva in quantitates multo grande, usualmente ante le initio del colonisation europee a grande scala. Lor societates esseva disrupte e vacuate per le scalas del mortes. === First settlements === ==== Contacto espaniol ==== [[File:The Letter of Christopher Columbus on the Discovery of America - Read by Availle for LibriVox's Short Nonfiction Collection Vol. 015 (2010).ogg|thumb|Le Lettera de [[Christophoro Columbo]] super le [[Voyages de Christophoro Columbo|discoperta del America]] al [[Ferdinand II de Aragon|Rege Ferdinand]] e [[Isabella I de Castilia|Regina Isabella]] de Espania.]] Le exploratores espaniol esseva le prime europeos a arrivar al present-day Statos Unite, post le expeditiones de Christophoro Columbo (comenciate in 1492) que stabiliva possessiones in le Caribe, includente le modern territories american de Puerto Rico e alcunes partes del Insulas Virgin American.[26] Juan Ponce de León debarcava in Florida in 1513.[26] Expeditiones espaniol arrivava rapidemente al Montes Appalachian, le fluvio Mississippi, le Grand Canyon[27] e le Grandes Planitias.[28] In 1539, Hernando de Soto explorava extensiveemente le Sudeste,[28] e un anno postea Francisco Coronado explorava de Arizona al Kansas central in recerca de oro.[28] Cavallos fugite del gruppo de Coronado se propagava sur le Grandes Planitias e le Indios del Planitias apprendeva a montar cavallos in pauc generationes.[5] Parve colonias espaniol eventualmente cresceva pro devenir importantes urbes, tal como San Antonio, Albuquerque, Tucson, Los Angeles e San Francisco.[29] ==== Dutch mid-Atlantic ==== ==== Colonisation svede ==== ==== Conflicto francese e espaniol ==== === Colonias britannic === [[File:MayflowerHarbor.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Mayflower]]'', which transported [[Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)|Pilgrims]] to the New World. During the first winter at Plymouth, about half of the Pilgrims died.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mintz |first=Steven |title=Death in Early America |url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/usdeath.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230203658/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/usdeath.cfm |archive-date=December 30, 2010 |access-date=February 15, 2011 |website=Digital History |accessdate=April 4, 2023 |archivedate=December 30, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230203658/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/usdeath.cfm }}</ref>]] ==== Prime colonia in Jamestown ==== [[File:Squantoteaching.png|thumb|upright|[[Squanto]], known for having been an early liaison between the native populations in Southern New England and the ''Mayflower'' settlers]] ==== Nove Anglaterra ==== [[File:Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg|thumb|left|''The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth'', 1914, [[Pilgrim Hall Museum]], [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]]]] ==== Middle colonies ==== [[File:Indians at a Hudson Bay Company trading post.jpg|thumb|right|Indians trade packs of furs at a Hudson's Bay Company trading post in the 19th century.]] ==== Southern colonies ==== [[File:Matthäus Merian dÆ, Således blev også denne fred brudt på grund af bedrag, KKSgb10894-5, Statens Museum for Kunst.jpg|thumb|The [[Indian massacre of 1622|Indian massacre of Jamestown settlers]] in 1622. Soon the colonists in the South feared all natives as enemies.]] ==== Religion ==== [[File:Baptism of Pocahontas.jpg|thumb|[[John Gadsby Chapman]], [[United States Capitol rotunda#Baptism of Pocahontas|Baptism of Pocahontas]] (1840), on display in the [[United States Capitol rotunda|Rotunda]] of the [[United States Capitol|U.S. Capitol]]]] ==== Government ==== ==== Servitude and slavery ==== == Cammino verso le independentia == [[File:Nouvelle-France map-en.svg|thumb|Carta del colonisation [[britannic]] de le Americos, [[Nova Francia|francese]] e [[Nova Hispania|espaniol]] in Nord America in 1750, ante le [[Guerra Francese e Indian]].]] Un classe superiore emergeva in Carolina del Sud e Virginia, con richessa basate in grande plantationes operative per labore de sclavos. Un sistema de classe unici operava in la region del nord de New York, ubi agricultores con contratos de locative olandese arrendava terra de proprietarios olandese multo ricc, como le familia [[Van Rensselaer]]. Le altere colonias esseva plus egalitarian, con Pennsylvania essente representativa. A medie del seculo 18, Pennsylvania esseva basicamente una colonia de classe media con un respecto limitate pro su classe superiore. Un scriptor in le ''Pennsylvania Journal'' in 1756 scribeva: :''Le gente de iste provincia es generalmente del classe medio e presentemente quasi del mesme livello. Illos es principalmente agricultores laboriose, artifices o homines in commercio; illos gaudie in e ama le libertate, e le plus basse inter illos pensa que il ha un dero al cortesia del plus grande.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rossiter |first=Clinton |title=Seedtime of the Republic: the origin of the American tradition of political liberty |url=https://archive.org/details/seedtimeofrepubl0000ross |date=1953 |page=[https://archive.org/details/seedtimeofrepubl0000ross/page/106 106] |author-link=Clinton Rossiter}}</ref> === Political integration and autonomy === [[File:Benjamin Franklin - Join or Die.jpg|thumb|''[[Join, or Die]]'': This 1756 political cartoon by [[Benjamin Franklin]] urged the colonies to join during the French and Indian War.]] === Taxation sin representation === [[File:Boston Tea Party Currier colored.jpg|thumb|An 1846 painting of the 1773 [[Boston Tea Party]]]] [[File:Population Density in the American Colonies 1775.gif|thumb|The population density in the [[Thirteen Colonies|American Colonies]] in 1775]] == Revolution e independentia == === George Washington === === Leales e Britannia === === Declaration de Independentia === == Early years of the republic == === Confederation and constitution === === President George Washington === ==== Two-party system ==== ==== Desafios al governamento federal ==== === Increasing demand for slave labor === === Louisiana and Jeffersonian republicanism === === War of 1812 === === Second Great Awakening === === Era of Good Feelings === == Westward expansion == === Indian removal === === Second party system === === Westward expansion and Manifest Destiny === == Sectional conflict and Civil War == === Divisions between North and South === === Compromise of 1850 and popular sovereignty === === Plantation economy === ==== Slave rebellions and Abolitionism ==== === President Abraham Lincoln and secession === === Civil War === === Emancipation === === Reconstruction === ==== Radical Reconstruction ==== ==== KKK and the rise of Jim Crow laws ==== == Growth and industrialization == === Frontier and the railroad === ==== Indian wars ==== === Gilded Age === ==== Unions and strikes ==== === Imperialism === == Discontento e reforma == === Era Progressive === === Suffragio feminin === == Guerra, prosperitate e depression == === Prima Guerra Mundial === === Annos Viginti del seculo XX === === Grande Depression e Nuovo Accordo === === Secunda Guerra Mundial === == Cold War, counterculture, and civil rights == === Cold War === === Great Society === === Civil rights movement === === Women's liberation === === Counterculture and Cold War détente === === Rise of conservatism and the end of the Cold War === == Seculo 21 == === 9/11 and the war on terror === [[File:Nasdaq Composite dot-com bubble.svg|thumb|left|The [[Nasdaq Composite]] index swelled with the [[dot-com bubble]] in the optimistic "[[New economy]]". The bubble burst in 2000.]] [[File:WTC smoking on 9-11.jpeg|thumb|The former [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] during [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001]] [[File:George W. Bush's Oval Office Address of September 11, 2001.oga|alt=9/11 Address|thumb|[[George W. Bush|President Bush's]] address in reaction to the [[September 11 attacks|9/11 attacks]]]] [[File:Bush 2002 UNGA.jpg|thumb|left|[[George W. Bush]] addressed the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly of the United Nations]] on September 12, 2002, to outline the complaints of the United States government against the Iraqi government.]] [[File:US military in the world 2007 (alternative).svg|thumb|300px|U.S. military presence in the world in 2007]] === Great Recession === [[File:Barack Obama inauguration speech 2009.ogg|thumb|Barack Obama inauguration speech 2009]] [[File:TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG|thumb|left|Tea Party protesters walk towards the [[United States Capitol]] during the Taxpayer March on Washington, September 12, 2009.]] [[File:Barack Obama addresses joint session of Congress 2009-02-24.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama]] was the first African-American president of the United States.]] == Recent events in 2010s === [[File:A man stands on a burned out car on Thursday morning as fires burn behind him in the Lake St area of Minneapolis, Minnesota (49945886467).jpg|thumb|left|A man stands on a burned out car following protests over the [[murder of George Floyd]].]] === COVID-19 pandemic and other events in 2020s === [[File:Lt. Cmdr. Michael Heimes checks on a patient connected to a ventilator at Baton Rouge General Mid City campus.jpg|thumb|A naval officer checks on a patient connected to a ventilator in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]].]] == Vide etiam == == Notas == == Referentias == == Fontes == rfqdimg6qa9nsp71fln5ewvlgn4qmqc 0 59487 697091 694460 2026-06-09T06:54:15Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Historia de Portugal}} Le '''historia de Portugal''' como nation europee remonta al [[Basse Medievo]], quando le [[comtato Portucalense]] deveniva autonome del regno de [[Leon (regno)|Leon]]. Totevia, le historia del presentia human in le territorio correspondente a [[Portugal]] initiava multo antea. Le [[Prehistoria in le Peninsula Iberic|prehistoria]] registra le prime [[Hominide|hominidos]] circa 500 milles annos retro. Le territorio esseva visitate per diverse populos: le [[phenicios]], qui fundava [[factorias]] e plus tarde esseva substituite per le [[cartaginenses]]. Populos [[celtic]] se establiva e se misceva con le nativos. In le [[seculo III a.C.]], diverse populos habitava le region quando occurreva le [[Conquesta roman del Peninsula Iberic|invasion roman del Peninsula Iberic]]. Le [[romanisation]] lassa marcas durabile in le [[lingua]], le [[lege]] e le [[religion]]. Con le declino del [[Imperio Roman]], le territorio esseva occupate per populos [[germanic]] e plus tarde per [[musulmanos]] ([[mouros]] e alcun [[arabes]]), durante que le [[Christianismo|christianos]] se retirava al nord, in [[Asturias]]. In [[1139]], durante le [[Reconquesta]] christiana, le [[Regno de Portugal]] esseva fundate a partir del [[comtato Portucalense]], nascite inter le fluvios [[Minho (fluvio)|Minho]] e [[Douro]]. Le stabilisation de su [[frontieras]] in [[1297]] faceva de [[Portugal]] le pais [[Europa|europee]] con le plus ancian frontieras fixate. Como pioneiro del [[exploration maritime]] durante le [[Era del Discopertas]], le [[Regno de Portugal]] expandeva su territorios inter le seculos [[seculo XV|XV]] e [[seculo XVI|XVI]], establiente le prime [[imperio global]] del historia, con [[possessiones]] in [[Africa]], [[America del Sud]], [[Asia]] e [[Oceania]]. In [[1580]], un [[crise de succession]] resultava in le [[Union Iberic]] con [[Espania]]. Sin autonomia pro defender su [[possessiones ultramarin]] contra le offensive [[hollandese]], le regno perdeva multe de su [[ricchessa]] e [[statuto]]. In [[1640]], le [[independentia de Portugal]] esseva restaurate sub le nove [[dynastia de Bragança]]. Le [[terramoto de 1755 in Lisboa]] destrueva grande parte del [[citate]]. Su [[reconstruction]] durava plure annos, e le nove [[architectura]] pote ancora esser vidite in le [[Terreiro do Paço]]. Le [[invasiones]] [[espaniol]] e [[francese]] causava [[instabilitate politic]] e [[economic]]. In [[1820]], un [[revolta]] portava al approbation del prime [[constitution portugese]], initiando le [[monarchia constitutional]], que affrontava le [[perdita]] de su plus grande [[colonia]], [[Brasil]]. Al fin del [[seculo XIX]], [[Portugal]] perdeva su statuto in le [[division colonial de Africa]]. Un [[revolution]] in [[1910]] deponeva le [[monarchia]], ma le [[prime republica portugese]] non succedeva a resolver le problemas de un pais immergite in [[conflicto social]], [[corruption]] e [[confrontationes]] con le [[Ecclesia]]. Un [[colpo de stato]] in [[1926]] duceva a un [[dictatura]]. A partir de [[1961]], iste governo manteneva un [[guerra colonial]] que se prolongava usque [[1974]], quando un [[revolta militar]] abatteva le [[governamento]]. In le anno sequente, [[Portugal]] declarava le [[independentia]] de tote su [[possessiones]] in [[Africa]]. Post un periodo [[revolutionari]] agitate, le pais se dirigiva verso un [[democratia pluralista]]. Le [[constitution de 1976]] defini [[Portugal]] como un [[republica semipresidentialista]]. A partir de [[1986]], [[Portugal]] reforciava su [[modernisation]] e su [[integration]] in le [[sphera europee]] con su [[adhesion]] al [[Communitate Economic Europee]] ([[CEE]]). == Prehistoria e Protohistoria == {{AP|Prehistoria del Peninsula Iberic|Populos iberic preroman}} [[Imagine:Iberia 300BC-pt.svg|thumb|Mappa Ethnico-Linguistic del Peninsula Iberic circa {{AC|300|x}}]] Le plus antique [[fossile|fossiles]] cognoscite de [[hominide|hominides]] in Europa, datate de 1,1 a 1,2 milliones de annos, esseva trovate in le nord del [[Peninsula Iberic]], in le [[Serra de Atapuerca]].{{sfn|Cavendish|2009|p=598}} In Portugal, le vestigios human le plus antique data de circa {{nowrap|500-300 mille}} annos,{{sfn|Disney|2009|p=5}} quando le region esseva habitate per [[Homine de Neanderthal|neanderthales]].{{sfn|JN|2007-09-03}} Le vestigios le plus antique cognoscite de ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' es de homines de [[Cro-Magnon]] con "tratos" de neanderthal, con {{Fmtn|24500}} annos. Le fossile de [[menino do Lapedo|un infante]] trovate in le [[Valle do Lapedo]]{{sfn|Cavendish|2009|p=598}} es interpretate como indicator de populationes [[Hybrido (biologia)|hybride]] resultante del cruciamento del duo [[specie|species]]. Illos es etiam le vestigios de esseres con characteristicas neanderthal le plus recente que on cognosce, possibilemente le ultime de lor specie.{{sfn|Duarte|1998}} Istes esseva societates [[Paleolithic|paleolithic]] de subsistentia, de [[Chassator-collector|chassatores-collectores]] que lassava vestigios como le [[Sítios de arte rupestre do Vale do Coa|arte rupestre del Valle del Coa]] al nord{{sfn|IGESPAR|loc="[http://www.igespar.pt/pt/patrimonio/mundial/portugal/117 Sítios Pré-históricos de Arte Rupestre do Vale do Rio Côa e de Siega Verde]"}} e le [[gruta do Escoural]], al sud.{{sfn|IGESPAR|loc="[http://www.igespar.pt/pt/patrimonio/itinerarios/alentejo/03/ Conjunto Arqueológico do Escoural]"}} Post le fin del ultime [[glaciation|etate de gelo]], circa 12 a 11 mille annos retro, le alterationes climactic permitteva initiar le domestication de animales de pastura, alcun culturas de cereales e le pisca.{{sfn|Cavendish|2009|p=598}} Le [[Neolithic|neolithic]] es testimoniate in le sud de Portugal per utensiles de petra e per le [[Cultura megalithic de Europa|cultura megalithic]], con [[dolmen|dolmenes]] como le [[anta Grande do Zambujeiro]],{{sfn|Cavendish|2009|p=599}} [[menhir|menhires]] como in le [[cromeleque dos Almendres]], ben como [[Arte schematic in le Peninsula Iberic|arte schematic]] como in le [[anta pintada de Antelas]] e in idolo-plattas.{{sfn|Tavares da Silva|1983|pp=83-90}} Le [[etate del bronzo]] del Peninsula, con le disveloppamento del poteria e altere metallos como auro e argento, initiava se circa {{AC|4000|x}} al sud, in locos como [[El Argar]], de ubi illo se diffundeva.{{sfn|Cavendish|2009|p=599}} In le {{AC|III millennio|x}}, varie undas de [[populos indoeuropee]] [[celte|celtes]] venite de [[Europa Central]] invadeva le territorio. Miscente se con le populationes local, illos formava differente gruppos ethnic, con numerose [[tribo|tribos]].{{sfn|Cavendish|2009|p=599}} Le principal de iste tribos esseva le [[gallaicos]], que stabiliva le [[cultura castrese]] al nord, le [[lusitanos]] in le centro, le [[celticos]] in Alentejo, e le [[conios]] in le extreme sud de Portugal (regiones del [[Algarve]] e [[Alentejo]]). Illic se disveloppava le [[scriptura del sud-west]], un del [[scripturas paleo-hispanic]]. Al sud, al mesme epocha, se stabiliva etiam alcun postos commercial coster semipermanente de [[phenicios]]{{sfn|Cavendish|2009|p=599}} e a partir del {{-séc|V}} de [[carthagineses]].{{sfn|Ferreira da Silva|1983|p=124}} == Romanisation == {{AP|Conquesta roman del Peninsula Iberic|Lusitania|Gallecia}} [[Imagine:Portugalliaingallaeciaetlusitania.png|thumb|left|Le provincias roman [[Lusitania]] e [[Gallecia]], reorganidation del [[Hispania]] de [[Diocletiano]], 298]] Le [[Roma Antique|Romanos]] initiava le invasion del Peninsula Iberic (que illes appellava "[[Hispania]]") in {{AC|218|x}}, durante le [[Secunde Guerra Punic]] contra [[Carthago]]. Illic illes annexava initialmente duo regiones como [[provincia roman|provincias]], le [[Hispania Citerior]] (nord-est) e le [[Hispania Ulterior]] (sud-west){{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$romanizacao-da-peninsula-iberica Romanização da Península Ibérica]}} Le [[mineria]] esseva le prime factor de interesse in le region: un del objectivos strategic de Roma esseva blocar le connexion de Carthago con le minas hispanic de cupro, stanno, auro e argento.{{sfn|MNA|1980-2012|}} Al fin del {{-séc|I}}, esseva create le provincia de [[Lusitania]], que correspondeva a grande parte del actual Portugal al sud del [[Rio Douro]] e al [[Estremadura espaniol]], con capital in [[Emerita Augusta]] (Mérida).{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$romanizacao-da-peninsula-iberica Romanização da Península Ibérica]}} Le Romanos explorava con intensitate minas como [[Aljustrel]] ([[Vipasca]]) e [[Mina de São Domingos|São Domingos]], in le [[Fasce Pyritose Iberic]] que se extende usque a [[Sevilla]].{{sfn|Portugal Romano.com|loc="[http://www.portugalromano.com/category/tema-exploracao-mineira/ Exploração mineira e metalurgia]"}} Durante que le sud esseva occupate con relative facilitate, le annexation del nord occurreva solmente multo postea, in parte a causa del resistentia del populos native. Populos [[Populos iberic preroman|celte]], como le [[Lusitanos]] ducite per [[Viriato]], un supponite pastor in le [[Montes Herminios]] (Serra da Estrela), succedeva a contener le expansion roman durante annos.{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$romanizacao-da-peninsula-iberica Romanizacao da Península Ibérica]}} Perito in tacticas de [[guerrilla]], Viriato luctava [[Guerra lusitan|un guerra incassabile]] contra le invasores, defaitante successivemente varie generales roman, usque ille esseva assassinate per tradition in {{AC|139|x}}. Le conquesta total del Peninsula Iberic occurreva duo seculos post le arrivata, quando le Romanos vinceva le [[guerras cantabric]], in le tempore del imperator [[Augusto]] ({{AC|19|x}}).{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$romanizacao-da-peninsula-iberica Romanização da Península Ibérica]}} In 74 [[Vespasiano]] concedeva le "[[Derecto latin]]" (equiparação al municipalitates de Italia) a grande parte del municipalitates de Lusitania. In 212 le [[Constitution Antonin]] attribueva le [[citatano roman]] a tote le subjectos (libere) del Imperio e, al fin del seculo, le imperator [[Diocletiano]] fundava le [[Gallecia]], que integrava le nord del actual Portugal, le [[Galicia]] e le [[Asturias]], ultime territorios conquirite.{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$romanizacao-da-peninsula-iberica Romanização da Península Ibérica]}} [[Imagine:Ponte romana Chaves 01.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Trajano]] super le [[Rio Tâmega]], Chaves (Portugal)]] Le [[Economia de Hispania|economia del Hispania]] habeva un enorme expansion. Ultra le [[mineria]], le Romanos disveloppava le [[agricultura]] in illos que esseva alicun del melior terras agrari del Imperio. In le actual Alentejo illes cultivava vigna e cereales, e in le litoral illes disveloppava le industria piscari pro le fabrication de ''[[garum]]'' in le litoral de Algarve, in Lisbona,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fundação Millennium bcp - Núcleo Arqueológico |url=http://ind.millenniumbcp.pt/pt/Institucional/fundacao/Pages/fundacao_NARC.aspx |accessdate=2025-11-13 |archivedate=2019-04-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406194343/https://ind.millenniumbcp.pt/pt/Institucional/fundacao/Pages/fundacao_NARC.aspx }}</ref> in [[Póvoa de Varzim]], in [[Matosinhos]] e in [[Troia (Grândola)|Troia]]{{sfn|Portugal Romano.com|loc="[http://www.portugalromano.com Ruínas romanas de Troia]"}} que illes exportava per le rutas commercial roman pro tote le imperio. Le transactiones commercial esseva facilitate per le [[Moneta del Roma Antique|cunniage de moneta]] e per le construction de un extense [[Strata roman|rete viari]], [[aqueductos]] e pontes, como illo de [[Ponte de Trajano|Trajano]] in [[Aquas Flavias]] (actual [[Chaves (Portugal)|Chaves]]).{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$romanizacao-da-peninsula-iberica Romanização da Península Ibérica]}} Le Romanos fundava [[Toponymos roman in Portugal|numerose citates]] como: [[Olisipo]] (Lisbona), [[Bracara Augusta]] (Braga), [[Eminio]] (Coimbra), [[Pax Julia]] (Beja){{sfn|Portugal Romano.com|loc="[http://www.portugalromano.com/category/cidades-romanas-em-portugal/ Cidades romanas em Portugal]"}} e lassava un importante legato cultural in lo que es hodie [[Portugal]]: le [[Latino vulgar]] deveniva le idioma dominante del region,{{sfn|Clark|1900|pp=1-3}} [[Historia del lingua portugese|base del lingua portugese]]. A partir del {{séc|III}}, le [[Historia del Christianismo#Christianismo in le Antiquitate tardive (313-476)|Christianismo]] se diffundeva in tote le Hispania.{{sfn|Barbosa|1983|pp=379-380}} In le secunde medietate del seculo IV, in le nord de Portugal e in le [[Galicia]], surgeva un movimento religiose de tendentia ascetic. Illo habeva como mentor [[Prisciliano]]. Iste movimento se appella [[Priscillianismo]].{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=39-42}}{{sfn|Mattoso|1992|pp=287-289}} Episcopos de altere dioceses moveva se contra le movimento, considerate heretic.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=39-42}}{{sfn|Mattoso|1992|pp=287-289}} In le anno 385, Prisciliano es judicate e condemnate al morte. Le movimento continuava a exister durante alicun seculos e esseva semper condemnate per le ecclesia.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=39-42}}{{sfn|Mattoso|1992|pp=287-289}} == Invasion Barbaric == {{AP|Invasiones barbaric del Peninsula Iberic|Regno Sueve|Regno Visigothic}} [[Imagine:Suevosevisigodosemportugal.png|thumb|left|Peninsula Iberic c. 560: [[Regno Sueve|Territorio sueve]] con capital in [[Braga]] (blau); [[Regno Visigothic|territorio visigothic]] con capital in [[Toledo]] (ochra)]] In 409, con le [[Declino del Imperio Roman|declino del Imperio Roman]], le Peninsula Iberic esseva [[Invasiones barbaric del Peninsula Iberic|occupate per populos de origine germanic]], que le Romanos appellava [[barbaros]].{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=21}} In 411, in un contracto de [[foederati (Roma Antique)|federation]] con le imperator [[Flavio Honorio|Honorio]], plure de iste populos se installava in [[Hispania]]: [[suevos]] e [[vandalos]] [[Asdingos]] in [[Gallecia]], [[alanos]], de origine [[Persas|perse]], in [[Lusitania]] e [[Carthaginense]].{{sfn|Koller|1998|p=xxi}} De iste populos, [[suevos]] e [[visigodos]] esseva illos que habeva un presentia plus durabile in le territorio correspondente a Portugal. Como in tote le [[Europa occidental]], [[Toponymos roman in Portugal|le citates]] suffreva un accentuate decadentia, e tanto in le vita urban como in le [[Economia de Hispania|economia]] se verificava un ruralisation.{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=2}} Le suevos fundava le [[Regno Sueve]] con capital in [[Braga]], arrivante a dominar usque a [[Eminio]] (Coimbra).{{sfn|Koller|1998|p=75}} Con le invasiones le institutiones roman dispareva, ma le organisation ecclesiastic se manteneva, que le suevos adoptava jam in le {{séc|V}}, sequite per le visigodos, e que esseva un importante instrumento de stabilitate. Nonobstante que initialmente illes esseva adherentes del [[Arianismo]] e del [[Priscillianismo]],{{sfn|Koller|1998|p=45}} illes adoptava le [[Catholicismo]] del populationes local hispano-roman in le anno 449, evangelisate per influentia de [[Martin de Dume|S. Martin de Braga]].{{sfn|Koller|1998|pp=37-52,66}} Le governamento sueve se basava in le [[parochia|parochias]], describite in le ''[[Parochiale suevorum]]'' de c.569. {{sfn|Koller|1998|p=45}} e le regno sueve deveniva le [[Tabula chronologic del regnos del Peninsula Iberic|prime regno christian]] de Europa, essente etiam le prime a cuniar moneta proprie.{{sfn|Koller|1998|p=65}} In 415, le [[visigodos]], initialmente installate in [[Gallia Aquitania|Gallia]], avanzava verso le sud como alliatos del [[Imperio Roman]] pro expeller [[alanos]] e [[vandalos]],{{sfn|Koller|1998|p=64}} e fundava un [[Regno Visigothic de Toledo|regno con capital in Toledo]]. A partir de 470, le conflictos inter le regno sueve e le vicin regno visigothic cresceva. In 585, le [[Lista de reges visigothic|rege visigothic]] [[Leovigildo]] conquireva Braga e annexava [[Gallecia]].{{sfn|Koller|1998|p=38}} A partir de hic, tote le Peninsula Iberic remaneva unificate sub le regno visigothic (excepte alicun zonas del litoral sud e levantin, controlate per le [[Imperio Byzantin]] e al nord per le vascones). Le stabilitate interne del regno esseva semper difficile, proque le visigodos esseva un minoritate e professava le [[Arianismo]], durante que le population local esseva [[Catholicismo|catholic]]. Lor strategia initial esseva mantener se como minoritate dirigente strictemente separate del majoritate autochthone. Nonobstante, le consolidation de lor regnos occurreva precisamente a causa del integration con le population local, adoptante le [[lingua latin]], [[Derecto visigothic|adaptante le lege roman]] e convertente se con Reccaredo I al [[Catholicismo]],{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=2}} ma in 710 un crise dynastic inter partisanos del reges [[Rodrigo]] e Agila II conduceva al [[Invasion musulman del Peninsula Iberic|invasion musulman]] que resultava in le collapse del regno.{{sfn|Koller|1998|p=118}} == Occupation arabe == {{AP|Conquesta islamic del Peninsula Iberic|Al-Andalus|Gharb al-Andalus}} [[Imagine:Itin mertola.jpg|thumb|Antique [[mesquita]] de [[Mértola]], in le sud de Portugal, hodie [[Ecclesia de Nostre Seniora del Annunciation (Mértola)|Ecclesia de Nostre Seniora del Annunciation]]]] In 711, un armea [[Caliphato Omayyade|omayyade]] de [[berberos]] e [[arabes]] recentemente convertite al [[Islam]] ducite per [[Tárique]],{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|p=6}} disimbarcava in [[Gibraltar]] post haber conquirite le nord de Africa.{{sfn|El País|2008}} Profitante se del luctas interne que divideva le visigodos o essente appellate como alliatos del faction de Agila II, illes vinceva le [[Battalia de Guadalete]] contra le fortias del rege visigothic [[Rodrigo]]. Rapidemente illes avanzava usque a [[Zaragoza]], beneficiante del repopulation disperse pro [[Invasion musulman del Peninsula Iberic|conquirer quasi tote le Peninsula]].{{sfn|Kennedy|1996|pp=1-14}} Al territorio occupate como provincia del Caliphato Omayyade illes appellava Al-Andalus. Le west del Peninsula, correspondente a Portugal, illes appellava le Al-Gharb al-Andalus o simplemente Al-Gharb (le occidente).{{sfn|Mattoso|1992|pp=363-365}} Le populationes local poteva remaner in lor terras mediante pagamento. Lor habitos, christian e judee, esseva tolerate.{{sfn|Fletcher|2006|p=35}} Ben que arabisate, le [[Mozarabes]] manteneva un continuo de [[lingua romanic|dialectos romanic]] — le [[lingua mozarabe]] — e [[Rito mozarabe|rituales christian]]. Le nove occupantes disveloppava le agricultura, meliorante le systemas de irrigation roman, introducente le cultura de [[ris]] e de [[citrinos]], [[Damasceno|alperges]] e [[persicos]].{{sfn|Disney|2009|p=60}} Le nove technicas de irrigation permitteva le existentia del parve proprietate, como le hortos.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|p=50}} In le lingua portugese remaneva alicun parolas de origine arabe, ligate al agricultura: ''azeite'', ''azeitona'', ''açafrão'', ''cenoura''; in le systemas de irrigation: ''albufeira'', ''chafariz'', ''nora''; in le commercio remaneva: ''armazém'', ''calibre'', ''quintal''.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|p=50}} In 756, Abderraman I, resistente al [[Caliphato Abbaside|domination abbaside]], fundava in Al-Andalus un [[Emirato de Cordoba|emirato]] independente que deveniva le floride [[Caliphato de Cordoba]].{{sfn|Almacari|1964|pp=58-94}} Su economia se basava in le commercio, in le agricultura e in le industria artisanal multo disveloppate. Le cunniage de moneta esseva fundamental e un del plus importante al epocha. Le capital, [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]], esseva durante le {{séc|X}} un del plus grande citates del mundo e un centro financiari, cultural, artistic e commercial con bibliothecas, universitate, un schola de medicina e de traductores de [[Lingua grec|grec]] e [[Lingua hebraic|hebraic]] al [[Lingua arabe|arabe]].{{sfn|Araújo|1983|pp=269-272}} In 1009, un colpo de stato initiava un periodo de guerra civil in Al-Andalus, le ''fitna'', que conduceva al fragmentation del caliphato in regnos rival, le [[Taifas]].{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=28}} Le territorio al sud del Douro esseva dividite inter le taifas [[Regno de Badajoz|de Badajoz]], de Sevilla e [[Taifa de Silves|de Silves]]. Libere de un poter central, citates como [[Alcácer do Sal]], [[Lisbona]] e [[Silves (Portugal)|Silves]] se disveloppava a base de commercio. A partir de 1090, le [[Almoravides]], que predicava le complimento orthodoxe del [[Islam]], esseva appellate per [[Al-Mutamid]], le rege poeta del taifa de Sevilla, pro adjutar in le defensa in fronte al avante de Alfonso VI de Leon e Castilia e reunificava Al-Andalus pro alicun tempore usque que illo se desintegrava de novo, originante nove taifas. Inter 1144-1151, existeva tres taifas in lo que es hodie Portugal: le [[Taifa de Mértola]], le [[Taifa de Silves]] e le Taifa de Tavira, postea integrate in le [[Caliphato Almohade]] venite de Marocco, discontento con le insuccesso in revigorar le statos musulman e detener le reconquesta christian. Le occupation arabe del Peninsula durava quasi octo seculos, (del VIII al XV), durante le quales, partiente del [[Asturias]], le unic region que resisteva al invasion arabe, se disveloppava un movimento de [[Reconquesta]] del Peninsula.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=23}} == Formation del Regno de Portugal (1139-1385) == {{AP|Reconquesta|Contato Portucalense|Portugal in le Reconquesta|Independentia de Portugal|Regno de Portugal|Dynastia de Burgundia}} [[Imagine:Pt-Reconquista2.jpg|thumb|left|Evolution del frontieras del territorios in le [[Peninsula Iberic]] inter 914 e 1250]] Desde 718, refugiate del subite invasion musulman del Peninsula Iberic, un gruppo de christianos visigothic resisteva cantonante se al nord, in le region montaniose del [[Asturias]]. Illic, ducite per [[Pelagio de Asturias|Pelagio]], illes fundava le [[Regno de Asturias]] e initiava le reconquesta de territorios.{{sfn|Britannica|loc="[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/557573/Spain/70360/The-Christian-states-711-1035 Spain: the christian states 711-1035]"}} Iste processo gradual originava le [[Tabula chronologic del regnos del Peninsula Iberic|nascentia de parve regnos]], que se ampliava a mesura que le conquestas habeva successo. Sic nasceva le [[Regno de Leon]], de [[Regno de Navarra|Navarra]], de [[Regno de Aragon|Aragon]], de [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] e del [[Regno de Galicia|Galicia]].{{sfn|Cruz|1983|pp=301-303}} In 1096, le rege Alfonso VI dava le governamento del [[Contato Portucalense]], formate, in 868, inter le [[Rio Minho|Minho]] e le [[Rio Douro|Douro]],{{sfn|Barreira|2003|pp=116-127}} a [[Henrique de Burgundia, Conte de Portucale|Henrique de Burgundia]] per le maritage con su filia [[Teresa de Leon]]. Post le morte de D. Henrique, D. Teresa tentava allargar su dominios e obtener le autonomia alliate al [[Pedro Froilaz de Trava|alte nobilitate gallec]] contra su medie-soror [[Urraca I de Leon e Castilia|Urraca de Leon e Castilia]]. Ma, in 1121, illa debeva recular e negociar un [[Tractato de Lanhoso|tractato]], remanente le [[Contato]] un vassallo del regno de Leon.{{sfn|name=Mat467|Mattoso|1983|pp=454-467}} Teresa habeva exercite le [[regentia (systema de governamento)|regentia]] durante le minoritate de su filio, [[Alfonso Henriques]]. Ma, in 1122, le interesses de ambe collideva, quando iste se opponeva a un [[Regno de Galicia|union gallec-portugese]]. Le position de favor de D. Teresa re le nobiles gallec e le indifferentia re le fidalgos e ecclesiasticos portucalense originava le revolta que ille duceva. D. Alfonso Henriques [[Ordination de un Cavallero|armava se cavallero]] e comenciava a viver in [[Coimbra]].{{sfn|Arqnet.pt|loc="[http://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/afonso1.html Afonso I]"}} In 1128, ille vinceva le [[Battalia de São Mamede]] contra le fortias de su matre e [[Fernão Peres de Trava]]. Ille assumeva tunc le governamento del contato e concentrava effortios in negotiationes con le Sancte Sede pro attinger le autonomia. Simultaneemente ille cercava allargar su dominios, conquirente territorio al [[musulmanos]], durante que ille luctava contra le fortias de su cosino [[Alfonso VII de Leon e Castilia]].<ref name=Mat467 /> In 1139, post un importante victoria contra un contingente mauro in le [[Battalia de Ourique]], D. Alfonso Henriques comenciava a intitular se [[Lista de reges de Portugal|rege del portugeses]] in 1140 con le supporto de su sequitores. Sic nasceva le [[Regno de Portugal]], con capital in [[Coimbra]] e initiava se le [[Dynastia de Burgundia|prime dynastia]]. Le [[Independentia de Portugal|independentia portugese]] esseva recognoscite per Leon e Castilia in 1143 per le [[Tractato de Zamora]] e accordate per bulla pontifical [[Manifestis Probatum]] de 1179. In 1147, con le supporto de [[Crusadas|cruciatos]] nord-europee,{{sfn|Arqnet.pt|loc="[http://www.arqnet.pt/portal/pessoais/cruzado_lisboa.html Da carta do cruzado sobre a conquista de Lisboa]"}} Alfonso I de Portugal [[Asedio de Lisbona (1147)|conquireva Lisbona]]. Con le pacification interne, ille prosequeva le conquestas al [[mauros]], impulsante le frontieras verso le sud, desde [[Leiria]] al [[Alentejo]]. On considera que esseva in 1211, regno de D. [[Alfonso II de Portugal]], le prime vice que esseva reunite [[Cortes de Coimbra de 1211|Cortes in Coimbra]], in le prime anno de su governamento,<ref>{{citar web |título= O Portal da História - D. Afonso II | url = http://www.arqnet.pt/portal/portugal/temashistoria/afonso2.html |acessodata= 2016-03-01 }}</ref><ref>{{citar livro|título=Las Cortes Medievales|nome=José Luís|sobrenome=Martim|p=21-25}}</ref> con representantes del clero e nobilitate.<ref>Assim afirma Damião Peres, lembrando que D. Sancho I morrera em Coimbra, a 26 de março de 1211, e na corte estavam, portanto, todos estes altos dignitários. Depois de julho D. Afonso II já andava por terras da Beira. PERES, Damião. As cortes de 1211. Separata da Revista Portuguesa de História, Coimbra, t. IV. 1949, p. 3.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Representatividade e Poder nas Cortes Portuguesas nos séculos XIII e XIVː A Presença dos Povos, Miriam Lourdes Impellizieri Luna Ferreira da Silva |url=https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/synthesis/article/view/7359 |accessdate=2025-11-13 |archivedate=2025-09-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917213715/https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/synthesis/article/view/7359 }}</ref> Importante leges esseva publicate pro proteger le benes del Corona,<ref>Leia-se sobre esta assembleia: PERES, Damião. As cortes de 1211. Separata da Revista Portuguesa de História, p. 1-8. AZEVEDO, Maria Antonieta Soares de. Coimbra, Cortes de (1211). In: SERRÃO, Joel (dir.). Dicionário de História de Portugal. Porto: Livraria Figueirinhas, 1971. v. I, p. 608-609.</ref> garantir le libertates e prohibir le abusos del officiales regal. D. Alfonso II, con iste Curia, intendeva demonstrar que ille voleva governar con le supporto del nobilitate e del clero, ma defendente un programma politic de affirmation del poter regal.<ref>Uma análise desta leis, além do confronto com as decisões da reunião de Afonso IX em 1188, publicadas por Julio Gonzalez, se colhe em Hermínia Vasconcelos Vilar. GONZALEZ, Julio. Alfonso IX. Madrid: Instituto Jeronimo Zurita, 1944. v. I, p. 23-26, VILAR, Hermínia Vasconcelos. D. Afonso II, p. 80-85. Já anteriormente Damião Peres, aceitando todas as 27 leis como saídas da cúria de 1211, as estudara quanto ao seu conteúdo, ver: PERES, Damião. As cortes de 1211. Separata da Revista Portuguesa de História, p. 5-8.</ref> In 1249, le [[Algarve]] maure esseva includite in le regno christian de Portugal, concludente le [[Reconquesta]] portugese.<ref name=henriques>António Castro Henriques: ''Conquista do Algarve - 1189-1249 - O Segundo Reino'', Tribuna da História, 2003, pp. 57-83.</ref> Isto occurreva in le regno de D. [[Alfonso III de Portugal]], qui addeva al su intitulation ''"[[Regno de Algarve|Rege de Portugal e de Algarve]]"''. In 1254, Cortes esseva realisate in [[Leiria]], ubi esseva pro le prime vice representantes del villas e citates. In 1297, [[Dinis I de Portugal|D. Dinis]] sigillava le pace con le regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e de [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] e fixava le limites frontieral per le [[Tractato de Alcanizes]]. Annos ante, in 1290, ille adoptava como [[lingua official]] del regno de Portugal, in loco del latino, le "lingua vulgar" ([[Gallego-portugese]]), que ille appellava [[Historia del lingua portugese|lingua portugese]]. In le mesme anno, le prime Universitate in Portugal esseva fundate.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|p=118}} [[File:Afonso IV pt.jpg|thumb|191x191px|Le rege [[Alfonso IV de Portugal|Alfonso IV]]]] In 1336, essente rege [[Alfonso IV de Portugal|Alfonso IV]], un expedition al [[Insulas Canari]] esseva realisate. Le resultatos non esseva le expectate. Le archipelago esseva disputate per le rege de [[Castilia e Leon|Castilia]], [[Alfonso XI de Castilia|Alfonso XI]] qui succedeva a obtener del papa le possession de ille insulas.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|p=569}} In le mesme regno de Alfonso IV, in 1348, le pais esseva affligite per le [[Peste nigre]] de septembre a decembre.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=110-111}} Isto victimava multe gente e le manco de fortia de travalio comenciava a esser sentite. Leges esseva create pro impedir le vagabondage e illes qui travaliava in le previe officios debeva retornar a laborar in illos.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=110-111}} Un altere mesura del rege anterior esseva le creation del appellate [[Judice de foras|''judices de foras'']]. Le judices esseva ora nominate per le rege e non plus eligite per le consilios. Isto esseva un importante mesura de centralisation regal.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=100-101}} Le ultime rege del prime dynastia esseva [[Fernando I de Portugal|D. Fernando]], filio del rege [[Pedro I de Portugal|D. Pedro I]] e nepote de Alfonso IV. Iste regno esseva marcate per le guerras contra le vicin castiliano.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=121-123}} Istos esseva appellate [[Guerras fernandin|guerras fernandin]], comenciante le prime in 1369, duo annos post esser rege e terminante le ultime in 1382. In ille anno le [[Tractato de Salvaterra de Magos]] esseva signate. Il esseva etiam un tempore de confusion religiose causate per le [[Grande Scisma de Occidente|grande scisma de occidente]]. Portugal cambiava ora pro le papa de [[Roma]], ora pro le papa de [[Avignon]], secundo le alliantias. Quando in guerra illo esseva pro Roma. In tempore de pace con Avignon. Il esseva in iste regno que le [[Lege del Sesmarias|lege del sesmarias]] esseva create.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=121-123}} Le muralia de [[Lisbona]] esseva ampliate e meliorate, proque le citate habeva crescite immensmente desde le seculo XIII e esseva un importante centro de commercio.{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=121-123}} == Consolidation e expansion (1385-1580) == === Crisi de 1383-1385 e dynastia de Avis === {{AP|Crisi dynastic de 1383–1385|Battalia del Atoleiros|Battalia de Aljubarrota|Battalia de Valverde|Dynastia de Avis|Alliantia Luso-Britannic}} [[Imagine:Batalha de Aljubarrota 02.jpg|thumb|Le [[Battalia de Aljubarrota]] que assecurava le independentia re [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]], le nove [[Dynastia de Avis]] e le [[Alliantia Luso-Britannic]]. Pictura del {{séc|XV}} de Jean d'Wavrin, [[British Library]]|249x249px]] Desde 1369, al initio de su regno, Fernando I de Portugal luctava le [[Guerras fernandin|guerras fernandin]] contra fortias castilian, reclamante se herede del throno de Castilia. Plus tarde, in le contexto del [[Guerra de Cento Annos]] que divideva Europa, ille supportava le pretension de [[Johannes de Gaunt]], [[Ducato de Lancaster|duce de Lancaster]], al mesme throno.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|pp=35-37}} Totevia, poco ante morir, ille videva su impopular sposa [[Leonor Teles de Menezes]] negociar le maritage del filia [[Beatriz de Portugal]] con Johannes I de Castilia, planante de dar le throno de Portugal a ille.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|pp=35-37}} Post le morte de Fernando I, sin heredes mascule, le regentia de Leonor Teles lanceava le regno in un periodo de guerra civil e [[anarchia]], con un parte significative del population revoltate in fronte al possibilitate del perdita de independentia.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=131,135}} Durante le crisi de 1383-1385, le regina partiva le governamento con le nobile gallec [[Conte Andeiro|João Fernandes Andeiro]]. Le faction pro le independentia que se opponeva a illa esseva ducite per le medie-fratre de D. Fernando, [[João, Maestro de Avis|D. João]], [[Maestro de Avis]]. In decembre 1383, D. João duceva un revolta contra le regina assassinante Andeiro. Post le morte del conte, le populo de Lisbona aclamava le ''Regitor e Defensor del Regno''. Immediate le fortias de João I de Castilia entrava in Portugal e [[Asedio de Lisbona (1384)|assediva Lisbona]]. In april 1384, [[Nuno Álvares Pereira]], nominate frontier del Alentejo, vince un fortia castilian de numero superior al su, in le [[Battalia del Atoleiros]]. In 1385, le castilianos avanzava pro prender le throno de Portugal.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=136}} Tunc le [[Cortes de Coimbra de 1385]] esseva convocate. Illic, un gruppo de nobiles como [[Nuno Álvares Pereira]] (São Nuno de Santa Maria) e burgeses como [[Álvaro Pais]],{{sfn|Saraiva|1993|pp=124-127}} se opponeva al [[Partito Legitimista-Nationalista|Partito Legitimista]] leal a Leonor. Cercante assecurar le independentia del regno, illes nominava tunc como rege de Portugal [[João, Maestro de Avis|D. João]], filio illegitimate de Pedro I de Portugal.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=136-141}} Sic terminava le [[Dynastia de Burgundia]] e initiava se un secunde dynastia portugese, le [[Dynastia de Avis]]. Con alliatos anglese, João I de Portugal duceva un victoria determinante in le [[Battalia de Aljubarrota]], que annihilava definitivemente le armea castilian e assecurava le independentia del regno. Le armeas portugese esseva commandate per Nuno Álvares Pereira, nominate [[Condestable del Regno]]. Menses postea, le Condestable invadeva Castilia e infligeva un nove defaite in le [[Battalia de Valverde]]. Le maritage de João I con [[Philippa de Lancaster]], [[Regno de Anglaterra|princessa anglese]] filia de Johannes de Gaunt, e le signatura del [[Tractato de Windsor (1386)]] sigillava le [[Alliantia Luso-Britannic]]. Le filios del nove rege con su sposa es appellate le [[inclite generation]]. Le nove dynastia marcava un periodo de grande cambio in le societate, substituente le antique aristocratia per un nove que essera responsabile de un nove era in le historia de Portugal. === Discopertas e formation del imperio portugese === {{AP|Discopertas portugese|Imperio Portugese}} [[Imagine:Descobrimentos e explorações portuguesesV2.png|thumb|left|Discopertas portugese de 1415-1543, principal rutas in le [[Oceano Indian]] (blau), territorios portugese in le regno de João III de Portugal (verde)]] In 1415, le fortias de João I de Portugal [[Conquesta de Ceuta|conquireva le citate de Ceuta]], in le nord de [[Africa]], movite per le spirito de continuation del [[Reconquesta]] e per le interesse commercial. Il esseva le initio del [[expansionismo]] portugese.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=846}} A mesura que le musulmanos retaliava e disviava le rutas commercial, il esseva decidite de investir in le exploration per mar al longo del costa african. Pro diriger le exploration le [[Infante D. Henrique]] esseva nominate.{{sfn|Diffie|1977|pp=55-65}} A partir de 1419, con le incentivo del infante, [[navigation|navigatores]] experte e le plus avantiate disveloppamentos [[Scientia Nautic Portugese|nautic]] e [[cartographia|cartographic]] del epocha, explorava le costa occidental de [[Africa]] systematicamente, cata vice plus al sud. In 1418/19 illes arrivava al [[Region Autonome de Madeira|archipelago de Madeira]] e in 1427 al [[Azores]] ubi illes stabiliva [[Capitania-general|capitanias]] que prosperava del agricultura e de un floride industria de [[sucre]].{{sfn|Diffie|1977|pp=57-60, 306-310}} [[File:Henry the Navigator (Cronicas).jpg|alt=Le infante Henrique|left|thumb|212x212px|Le infante [[Henrique, Duce de Viseu|Henrique]], principal impulsator del [[Discopertas portugese|discopertas]].]] [[Gil Eanes]] transponeva le difficile [[Cap Bojador]] in 1434.{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=466}} Post perfectionar le [[caravella]] in le medietate del seculo, in 1479 illes passava le [[Equator]]. In 1471 in le [[Golfo de Guinea]] le [[factoria]] de [[São Jorge da Mina]] esseva stabilite pro supportar un floride commercio de [[auro]] de [[alluvion]]. Partiente de Mina [[Diogo Cão]] faceva le prime contacto con le [[Regno del Congo]].{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=155}} Illes intensificava tunc le cerca de un [[Cammino maritim al India|cammino maritim]] pro le "[[Indias]]", alternative al [[Mar Mediterranee|Mediterranee]] dominate per le [[Republicas maritim|republicas maritim]] italian, per le [[Ottomanos]], per le mauros e per [[pirata|piratas]] in le lucrative commercio de [[specieria|specierias]]. Post [[Chronologia del discopertas portugese|successive viages]] exploratori, in 1488 [[Bartolomeu Dias]] circumduceva le [[Cap de Bon Sperantia]], entrante pro le prime vice in le [[Oceano Indian]] a partir del [[Atlantic]].{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=471}} Le arrivata de [[Christophoro Columbo]] al [[America]] in 1492 precipitava un negotiation inter D. João II de Portugal e le [[Reges Catholic]] de [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] e [[Regno de Aragon|Aragon]]. Como resultato le [[Tractato de Tordesilhas]] esseva signate in 1494, dividente le mundo in duo areas de exploration demarcarte per un [[meridiano (geographia)|meridiano]] situate inter le insulas de [[Cap-Verde]] (a 370 [[liga|ligas]] al west de iste archipelago) e le recentemente discoperite [[Caribe|Caraibes]]: le terras "discoperite e a discoperir" situate al [[est]] de iste meridiano pertineva a Portugal, e le terras al [[west]] de ille linea a Espania.{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=174}} In 1498, [[Vasco da Gama]] arrivava al [[Subcontinente Indian|India]], stabiliente le prime contacto directe de Europa con Asia e inaugurante le importante [[ruta del Capo]].{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=176-186}} In 1500, in le secunde viage pro le India, [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] deviava del costa African e apportava in [[Brasil]].{{sfn|Diffie|1977|pp=187-192}} In [[Lisbona]] le [[Casa da Índia]] esseva alora stabilite pro administrar tote le aspectos del commercio e del navigation ultramar e le prime [[Lista de governatores del India Portugese|vice-rege del India]] con base in [[Cochim]] esseva nominate.{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=317, 323}} In 1492, post le [[Expulsion del judeos de Espania]], multe cercava refugio in Portugal, que permitteva lor entrata mediante un alte resgate, con le condition que illes lassarea le pais usque april 1493. In 1495, le rege Manuel I decideva [[Expulsion del judeos de Portugal|expeller le judeos]] como parte del negotiationes de su maritage con [[Isabel de Aragon, Regina de Portugal|Isabel de Aragon]].<ref name=":0">{{Citar periódico |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-judaism/iberian-peninsula/D4BEF2FAC43F82A59F4606185FAD6925 |título=The Iberian Peninsula |data=2018 |acessodata=2025-10-29 |publicado=Cambridge University Press |ultimo=Tov Assis |primeiro=Yom |ultimo2=Meyerson |primeiro2=Mark |editor-sobrenome=Chazan |editor-nome=Robert |series=The Cambridge History of Judaism |local=Cambridge |paginas=181–184 |isbn=978-0-521-51724-9}}</ref> Ben que ille prefereva que le judeos remaneva in le pais a causa de lor ricchessa e habilitates, ille finiva per optar pro le conversion coercite post que le majoritate seligeva le exilio.<ref name=":0" /> In martio 1497, ille ordinava le apprehension del infantes judee de minus de 14 annos pro esser educate per familias christian. Usque octobre 1497, le majoritate del judeos adulte esseva coercite a baptisar se in Lisbona. Alicun judeos seligeva le suicidio, durante que alteres fugiva al [[Nord de Africa|Nord de Africa]], con illes foras de Lisbona essente etiam baptisate coercite in altere citates.<ref name=":0" /> Ben que ille sapeva que le conversiones non esseva genuine, Manuel sperava que, con le tempore, le judeos devenirea christianos genuine. Nonobstante, multe judeos continuava a practicar le judaismo secretemente, currente le risco de persecution per le [[Inquisition Portugese|Inquisition Portugese]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1506, 3 000 [[Christiano-novo|christian-novos]] esseva [[Massacre de Lisbona de 1506|massacrate in Lisbona]].<ref name=":0" /> [[File:16th century Portuguese Spanish trade routes.png|thumb|Rutas commercial portugese de [[Lisbona]] a [[Nagasaki]] inter 1580-1640 (blau); rutas rival espaniol (blanc) con le appellate [[galleon de Manila]] stabilite in 1565]] Le victoria in le [[Battalia de Diu]] removeva [[Mamelucos]] e arabes, facilitante le dominio portugese del Indiano. In 1510, sub le governamento de [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] le [[Stato Portugese del India]] esseva constituite con capital in [[Goa]], prime conquesta territorial. Albuquerque conquireva [[Malaca]] in 1511, attingente le ambitionate "insulas del specierias" ([[Insulas Moluccas]]) in 1512, e apportante in China un anno plus tarde. Intertanto altere navigatores explorava le [[Oceano Pacific]] al servicio del [[Imperio Espaniol]], como [[Fernando de Magalhães]]. In consequentia de su viage de [[circumnavigation]], quando le explorationes portugese e espaniol convergeva in le [[Insulas Moluccas]] le [[Tractato de Zaragoza (1529)]] esseva firmate in 1529 que demarcava le explorationes in le oriente: le Moluccas esseva attribuite a Portugal e le [[Philippinas]] a Espania.{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=283-284}} De 1415 usque 1534, quando le colonisation del interior in le [[Capitanias de Brasil]] per D. João III de Portugal initiava, le [[Imperio Portugese]] esseva un [[thalassocratia]],{{sfn|Page|2006|p=17}} includente le oceanos [[Atlantic]] e [[Indian]]. Un catena de [[Fortification (architectura militar)|fortificationes]] coster protegeva un rete de [[factoria|factorias]], con le commercio reforciate per licentias de navigation, le [[Cartaz (licentia)|cartazes]], con le supporto de numerose relationes de alliantias diplomatic con le [[Regno de Ayutthaya|Regno de Siam]], [[Imperio Safavide]] de [[Persia]], [[Regno de Vijayanagara|Vijayanagara]], [[Imperio Ethiope|Ethiopia]], inter alteres. Illo esseva completate per le action de [[missionario|missionarios]] sub le [[Padroado portugese]], un accordo del corona portugese con le [[Sancte Sede]]. In 1542 o 1543, commerciantes portugese apportava in [[Japon]],{{sfn|Diffie|1977|p=473}} ubi plus tarde illes adjutava a fundar [[Nagasaki]]. In 1557, le autoritates chinese autorisava le portugeses a establir se in [[Macau]], que deveniva le base de un prospere [[commercio triangular]] inter China, Japon e Europa, via Malaca e Goa.{{sfn|Diffie|1977|pp=387-391}} In 1571, un catena de postos ligava [[Lisbona]] a [[Nagasaki]]: le prime [[Imperio global|imperio global]] del historia habeva nascite,{{sfn|Boxer|1969|p=95}} apportante enorme ricchessas a Portugal. In 1572, [[Luís Vaz de Camões]] publicava "[[Os Lusíadas]]", tres annos post retornar del Oriente, cuje action central es le [[discoperta del cammino maritim al India]] per Vasco da Gama.<ref name="WDL">{{citar web|url = http://www.wdl.org/pt/item/11198/ |título= Os Lusíadas |website = [[World Digital Library]] |data= 1800–1882 |acessodata= 2013-09-01 }}</ref> == Union Iberic (1580-1640) == === Dynastia Philippin === {{AP|Guerra del Succession Portugese|Union Iberic|Dynastia Philippin|Guerra Luso-Nederlandese}} [[Imagine:PDW.png|thumb|300px|Imperio portugese (verde) con le [[Guerra Luso-Nederlandese|zonas disputate inter 1588-1654]] per le nederlandeses del companias del [[Republica del Septe Provincias Unite]] (orange)]] Le rege [[Sebastião de Portugal|D. Sebastião]] partiva pro le [[Battalia de Alcácer-Quibir]], con 24 annos, e moriva in illo le 4 de augusto 1578. Como ille non habeva descendentes, un problema de succession esseva originate.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=265}} Le [[Henrique I de Portugal|Cardinal D. Henrique]], fratre de [[João III de Portugal|D. João III]], qui ja assumeva le functiones de regente desde 23 de decembre 1562, finiva per remaner con le throno, post le morte de D. Sebastião. Le 31 de januario 1580, ille finiva per morir, e a causa de su etate avantiate, ille non poteva lassar descendentes al throno. Portugal affrontava, assi, un grave [[Crisi de succession de 1580|crisi dynastic]] in 1580. Consequentemente, tres nepotes de Manuel I de Portugal surgeva pro reclamar le throno: [[Catarina, infanta de Portugal, duchessa de Bragança|Catarina, duchessa de Bragança]], [[António, Prior del Crato]] e Philippo II de Espania.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=268}} Le 9 de junio, [[António de Portugal, Prior del Crato|D. António]], esseva acclamate rege per le populo de [[Santarém (Portugal)|Santarém]], ma Philippo&nbsp;II, supportate per le [[Consilio de Governatores del Regno de Portugal|Consilio de Governatores]] e per parte del aristocratia portugese, entrava in le pais e lo vinceva in le [[Battalia de Alcântara]].{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=269}} In 1581, Philippo&nbsp;II convocava le [[Cortes de Tomar]]. Illic, post compromitter se a mantener le lingua, leges e cargas in le manos de portugeses, ille esseva coronate [[rege de Portugal]] sub le forma de monarchia dual — duo regnos, un rege — initiante le Union Iberic sub le dynastia Philippin, malgrado le opposition del partisanos de D. António in le Azores.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|pp=271-277}} Le [[Guerra del Succession Portugese]] se prolongava per duo annos usque al [[Disimbarcamento del Bahia das Mós]]. Le governamento iberic — del duo regnos e lor immense imperios — esseva assecurate per Consilios (''Consejos'') con sede in [[Madrid]].{{sfn|Knutsen|1999|p=138}} In Lisbona, un [[Vice-rege de Portugal|vice-rege]] nominate per le rege dirigeva le governamento. Durante le union le [[Imperio Portugese]] suffreva grande revesos, essente involvite in le conflictos del [[Habsburgos]] con [[Regno de Anglaterra|Anglaterra]], [[Regno de Francia|Francia]] e [[Pais Basse|Nederlandia]]. Inter 1595 e 1663 le [[Guerra Luso-Nederlandese]] esseva luctate con le Companias [[Compania Nederlandese del Indias Occidental|Nederlandese del Indias Occidental]] e [[Compania Nederlandese del Indias Occidental|Oriental]], que tentava prender le retes de commercio portugese de specierias asiatic, sclavos del Africa occidental e sucre del Brasil.{{sfn|Boxer|1969|pp=45-48}} Le nederlandeses se appropriava successivemente de [[Ternate (Indonesia)|Ternate]] e [[Amboina]] in Indonesia, del [[Nove Hollanda|Capitania de Pernambuco]] in Brasil, de [[São Jorge da Mina]], [[Arguim]], [[Forte de Santo António de Axim|Axim]], prendente le loco del portugeses in [[Dejima|Japon]] in 1639 e assediante [[Macau]]. Durante que le angleses prendeva [[Ormuz]], in 1622. == Restauration e Invasiones (1640-1820) == === Restauration === {{AP|Restauration del Independentia|Guerra del Restauration|Dynastia de Bragança|Historia de Portugal (1640–1777)}} [[File:Joao IV proclaimed king-modificated.jpg|thumb|left|Acclamation de D. João IV de Portugal como [[Rege de Portugal]], pingite per [[Veloso Salgado]], Museo Militar de Lisbona]] In le regno de [[Philippo IV de Espania|Philippo III (IV de Espania)]] (1621-1640) plure problemas minava le supporto portugese al union: le augmento de impostos super commerciantes portugese, le perdita de importantia del nobilitate in le cortes espaniol, le cargas de governamento occupate per le espanioles e le pression pro divider le carga financiari e militar del guerras de Espania. Le portugeses esseva poco inclinate a adjutar, un vice que Espania non habeva succedite a evitar le occupation nederlandese de lor possessiones colonial. Isto malgrado le facto que tanto portugeses como nederlandeses esseva nominalmente sub su corona.{{sfn|Elliot|2002|pp=337-338}} Le situation culminava in un revolution facite per le nobilitate e [[Burgessia|alte burgessia]] in [[Restauration del Independentia|1 de decembre 1640]]. Le revolution, ben que previsibile, esseva discatenate quando [[João IV de Portugal|João, 8tie Duce de Bragança]] esseva convocate pro organisar truppas e luctar contra revoltosos in Catalonia. Le complot esseva planate per le appellate "[[Quaranta Conjuratos]]", qui profiteva del facto que le truppas castilian esseva occupate in le altere latere del Peninsula. Le supporto del populo esseva immediate, e tosto le duce de Bragança esseva acclamate rege de Portugal in tote le pais, initiante le dynastia de Bragança como João IV de Portugal. In le subsequente [[Guerra del Restauration]] contra Philippo IV le portugeses vinceva plure battalias. In 1641, pro proteger le territorios ultramar, un [[Tractato del Hague (1641)|tregua]] esseva celebrate con le nederlandeses. Sin effecto, proque istes occupava [[São Tomé (São Tomé e Príncipe)|São Tomé]], [[Luanda]], [[Ceylon Portugese|Ceylon]] e [[Malaca]]. Inter 1645 e 1654, recifenses commandate per [[Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides (Militar)|Salvador Correia de Sá]] recuperava [[Recife]] e succedeva a [[Reconquesta de Angola|reconquirer Angola]] e São Tomé. In 1661 le secunde [[Tractato del Hague (1661)|Pace del Hague]] esseva sigillate. Portugal acceptava le perditas in Asia e le nederlandeses le soveranitate portugese del [[Region Nordeste de Brasil|Nordeste brasilian]], mediante le pagamento equivalente a 63 tonnas de auro.{{sfn|Veja|loc="[http://veja.abril.com.br/111198/p_118.html A compra do Nordeste]"}} In ille anno, pro obtener un alliantia con le angleses, D. João IV negotiava le maritage de su filia [[Catarina de Bragança]] con Carolo II de Anglaterra, cedente como dote [[Tanger]] e [[Bombay]]. Le pace definitive con le nederlandeses esseva attingite post que istes prendeva [[Cochin]] e le [[Costa de Malabar]]. Le pace con Espania esseva attingite finalmente in 1668, post le victoria portugese in le [[Battalia de Montes Claros]], e un vice morte le renitente Philippo IV de Espania. Illo esseva sigillate per le [[Tractato de Lisbona (1668)]] inter Alfonso VI de Portugal e Carolo II de Espania, ponente fin a quasi 30 annos de guerra. Espania recognosceva le independentia de Portugal e le prisionieros e conquestas esseva retornate, excepte le citate de [[Ceuta]], que remaneva in le possession de Espania. === Era Pombalin e Absolutismo === [[File:Louis-Michel van Loo 003.jpg|thumb|[[Marques de Pombal]] e le reconstruction de Lisbona post le [[Seismo de Lisbona de 1755]]]] {{AP|Portugal in le Guerra del Succession Espaniol|Seismo de Lisbona de 1755|Periodo pombalin}} Le prime medietate del {{séc|XVIII}} esseva marcate per le florescer del [[Miniera in Brasil|mineria in Brasil]], post le discoperta de auro e de petras preciose. Le rege João V de Portugal deveniva tunc un del plus ric monarchas de Europa.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|pp=353-356}} Le 1 de novembre 1755, in le regno de su successor D. José I de Portugal, occurreva le [[Seismo de Lisbona de 1755|grande seismo de Lisbona]] que destrueva quasi tote le citate e que esseva un colpo in le corde del imperio.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=363}} Le prime ministro [[Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo]], [[Marques de Pombal]], dirigeva un rapide reconstruction.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=365}} In le [[Baixa de Lisbona]] ille applicava le conceptos urban e esthetic del [[Illuminismo]] e initiava un periodo de modernisation e europeisation, con reformas profunde in le administration, economia e education, in direction a un [[monarchia absolute]]{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$marques-de-pombal Marquês de Pombal]}} imponente le [[despotismo illustrate]] al nobilitate.{{sfn|Azevedo|1922|p=29}} Le [[Lista de Cortes in Portugal|Cortes]] nunquam se reuniva. In 1757, le [[jesuitas]], esserea expellite del palatio e, postea, [[Expulsion del jesuitas|de Portugal]] con le acquiescentia del Vaticano, con impacto in tote Europa.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|pp=368}} Un anno postea, le tentativa de assassinato del rege esseva profitate per le Marques de Pombal pro initiar un campania de punition del familias reticente in le [[Processo del Távora|processo del Távora]]. Relative al [[Colonia de Brasil|Brasil]], le Marques lo considerava un colonia strictemente dependente de Lisbona e al servicio del ricchimento del Regno de Portugal. Le 19 de septembre 1761, per le mano de Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, alora [[Conte de Oeiras]] e signate per D. José, un patente con fortia de lege esseva emittite liberante tote le sclavos nigre proveniente de [[America]], [[Africa]] o [[Asia]] tosto que illes arrivava al metropole post disimbarcamento.<ref>{{citar web|título= Alvará com força de lei determinando que os escravos pretos que forem trazidos da América, África e Ásia, passado o tempo que menciona, sejam considerados livres logo que cheguem aos portos deste reino, sem outra formalidade mais que passarem-lhes nas respectivas alfândegas, a competente certidão de terem nelas entrado|url=https://digitarq.arquivos.pt/viewer?id=4662332|acessodata=2020-05-07|publicado=Arquivo da Torre do Tombo|data=1761-09-19}}</ref> Iste lege, expandite posteriormente in nove patentes, faceva de Portugal le prime pais a abolir le traffico de sclavos in le metropole.<ref>{{Citar web|titulo=Abolição do tráfico de escravos|url=http://antt.dglab.gov.pt/exposicoes-virtuais-2/abolicao-do-trafico-de-escravos/|data=2015-12-04|publicado=Arquivo da Torre do Tombo}}</ref> Le rege José moriva in 1777, ascendente al throno D. [[Maria I de Portugal]] e con le supporto de su sposo D. [[Pedro III de Portugal]], illes derocava le Marques de Pombal e lo fortiava a refugiar se foras del capital. Iste scenario esseva cognoscite como ''[[viradeira]]''. Le imperio decadeva e le declino se accentuava con le [[Guerras napoleonic]]. === Invasiones francese === {{AP|Guerra Peninsular}} [[File:Príncipe Regente de Portugal e toda a Família Real embarcando para Brasil no cais de Belém.jpg|thumb|left|Disimbarcamento pro [[Brasil]] de João VI de Portugal e de tote le familia regal, in Belém, le 27 de novembre 1807. [[Gravure]] de [[Francisco Bartolozzi]]]] In 1807, Portugal refusava participar in le [[Blocade Continental]] decretate per [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], respectante le traditional [[Alliantia Luso-Britannic]]. Le [[Prime Imperio Francese|Francia Imperial]] exigeva que tote le statos europee adhereva, como parte del strategia pro eliminar Grande Britannia como principal potentia del epocha e assecurar le hegemonia in Europa.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=127}} In 1801, Napoleon habeva signate un tractato con Espania, per le qual iste declararea guerra a Portugal si le regno manteneva le supporto al britannicos, lo que discatenate le [[Guerra del Oranges]], un campania de dece-octo dies in que le armea espaniol prendeva un dozen de populationes frontieral in le [[Alto Alentejo (provincia)|alto Alentejo]].{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=126}} Le resistentia esseva minime e le pace esseva signate poco postea, retornante le conquestas, excepte [[Olivenza]] e Vilareal, antique disputas frontieral. In octobre 1807, Napoleon sigillava le [[Tractato de Fontainebleau (1807)]] con Espania, previdente le conquesta e partita de Portugal. Al mesme tempore ille planava appropriar se del Brasil e del colonias espaniol. Le [[Prime invasion francese de Portugal|invasion de Portugal]] esseva initiate ancora in ille anno, per le truppas del general [[Jean-Andoche Junot|Junot]], reinforce per tres corpos del armea espaniol. Traversante le [[Beira Baixa]], illos prendeva Lisbona le 1 de decembre 1807. Totevia, le planos de Napoleon falleva: ante le arrivata a Lisbona, tote le [[Transferimento del corte portugese al Brasil|corte portugese habeva partite pro Brasil]], in un total de circa 15 mille personas, sub le protection de un [[Convention Secrete super le Transferimento del Monarchia Portugese al Brasil|convention secrete]] con Anglaterra.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=439}} Illes lassava le territorio europee de Portugal in le manos de un regentia, con instructiones pro non "resister" al invasores. Le decreto de Napoleon banniente le [[Casa de Bragança]] del throno de Portugal remaneva vacue de contento. A partir del [[Rio de Janeiro (stato)|Rio de Janeiro]] le corte prosequeva le politica international portugese e João VI de Portugal mandava [[Invasion del Guyana Francese|invader le Guyana Francese]]{{sfn|MJAN|loc="[http://www.historiacolonial.arquivonacional.gov.br/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?infoid=248&sid=48&tpl Colónia de Caiena]"}} e le [[Prime campania cisplatin|Cisplatina]] (Uruguay), como retaliation. Con le rebellion popular espaniol, le truppas espaniol abandonava Portugal, lassante marigine pro un revolta in Porto le 7 de junio 1808 e pro le constitution del Junta Provisional. Al mesme tempore, in tote le territorio se diffundeva un [[Revoltas popular contra le occupation francese|movimento de resistentia popular]] que ni le ferose repression del fortias francese, in que se destacava le general Loison (le famigerate «maneta»), succedeva a debellar. Le disimbarcamento de un fortia britannic commandate per [[Arthur Wellesley, 1me Duce de Wellington|Arthur Wellesley, Duce de Wellington]] presso Figueira da Foz le prime de augusto destruiva le planos de occupation de Portugal. Vencite in Roliça e in le [[Battalia de Vimeiro|Vimeiro]], Junot signava un armistitio, le [[Convention de Sintra]], que, in augusto 1808, le permitteva abandonar Portugal in naves britannic, con le truppas e le sacco.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=127}} Le guerra se extendeva a tote le Peninsula, fininte per compromitter le politica imperial de Francia. Le adjuta britannic esseva crucial pro expeller le invasores. In le duo invasiones subsequente, [[Secunde invasion francese de Portugal|illo de Soult]] (1809) e [[Tertie invasion francese de Portugal|illo de Massena (1810)]], le resistentia luso-britannic, que culminava in le [[Battalia del Buçaco]] in 1810 e del [[Lineas de Torres Vedras]],{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=128}} frangeva le alas del politica imperial super le Peninsula Iberic. == Monarchia Constitutional (1820-1910) == === Revolution Liberal de 1820 === {{AP|Revolution liberal de Porto|Independentia de Brasil|Monarchia constitutional (Portugal)}} [[Imagine:Oscar Pereira da Silva - Sessão das Cortes De Lisboa, Acervo do Museu Paulista da USP 2.jpg|thumb|upright| Le [[Cortes Constituente de 1820|Cortes Constituente de 1822]] que approbava le prime [[Constitution]], per [[Oscar Pereira da Silva]]]] Al initio del {{séc|XIX}} Portugal viveva un crisi motivate per le consequentias destructive del invasiones napoleonic, per le absentia del familia regal in Brasil, per le fin del [[pacto colonial]] e [[Decreto de Apertura del Portos al Nationes Amic|apertura del Brasil al commercio mundial]], que habeva causate un ruptura de 75% del commercio externe e le ruina de multe commerciantes.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=457}} Le condition ''sui generis'' de esser governate per le regentia militar britannic de [[William Carr Beresford|Beresford]], durante que D. João VI de Portugal regnava desde 1816 como rege del [[Regno Unite de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves]] in le [[Rio de Janeiro (stato)|Rio de Janeiro]], que habeva devenite le capital del regno desde 1808, disaccordava ancora plus le portugeses. Al mesme tempore, le [[liberalismo|ideologia liberal]] se implantava in parve gruppos del [[burgessia]]. Le die 24 de augusto 1820, un [[Revolution liberal de Porto|revolution]] explodeva in Porto cuje objectivo immediate esseva convocar [[Cortes (politica)|cortes]] que dotarea Portugal de un [[constitution]]. Iste revolution non incontrava opposition. Habente le citate de Lisbona adherite al movimento, un [[Junta Provisional del Governamento Supreme del Regno|Junta Provisori]] esseva formate cuje objectivo esseva organisar le electiones pro eliger le cortes. Le deputatos eligite, proveniente de tote le territorios controlate per Portugal ([[Brasil]], [[Madeira]], [[Azores]], [[Imperio Portugese|dependentias de Africa e Asia]]) formava le [[Cortes Constituente de 1820|Cortes Constituente]].{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=458}} D. João VI esseva intimate per le cortes constituente a retornar a Portugal. Ante retornar, ille nominava su filio [[Pedro IV de Portugal|D. Pedro]] como regente del regno de Brasil, lo que displaciava le Cortes que intendeva que le soveranitate poteva solmente residir in Portugal continental. Post le retorno del rege, le 26 de april 1821, Lisbona recuperava su statuto de capital e un intense agitation politic initiava in le senso de restringer le privilegios de Brasil.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=460}} Le cortes ordinava alora que D. Pedro lassava Brasil pro esser educate in [[Europa]]. Iste attitude generava le discontentamento del 65 deputatos brasilian presente, qui retornava a Brasil.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=460}} D. Pedro non acceptava le determinationes facite per le Cortes que exigeva su retorno a Portugal e, le die 7 de septembre 1822, le prince D. Pedro recipeva un nove message de Lisbona, que ille lacerava ante su companiones, exclamante "[[Grito de Ipiranga|Independentia o morte!]]", dante initio al [[Independentia de Brasil|independentia de Brasil]].{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=470}}{{sfn|Cavendish|1965|p=207-209}} Con le recognition per Portugal del [[declaration de independentia]] de Brasil, in 1825, le nove nation independente negotiava con Grande Britannia e acceptava pagar indemnisationes de 2 milliones de libras sterline a Portugal in un accordo cognoscite como [[Tractato de Amicitia e Alliantia firmate inter Brasil e Portugal]]. In ille anno le Cortes approbava le [[Constitution portugese de 1822]], que le rege acceptava, initiante le [[monarchia constitutional]].{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=465}} Inspirate in le [[Constitution francese de 1791]] e in le [[Constitution Espaniol de 1812]], illo consagrava le division tripartito del poteres ([[Potere legislative|legislative]], [[Potere executive|executive]] e [[potere judiciari|judiciari]]), limitava le rolo del rege a un simple function symbolic, ponente le poter in le governamento e in un parlamento unicameral eligite per [[suffragio directe]]. Isto monstrava le forte influentia [[Illuminismo|illuminista]]. === Guerra Civil Portugese (1828-1834) === {{AP|Guerra Civil Portugese (1832-1834)|Miguelista|Historia de Portugal (1777–1834)}} [[Imagine:Liberal Wars.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Caricatura representante Pedro IV de Portugal e Miguel I de Portugal disputante le [[Lista de reges de Portugal|corona portugese]], per [[Honoré Daumier]], 1833]] Le morte del rege D. João VI de Portugal in 1826 discatenate un disputa super le succession regal inter [[Monarchia constitutional|constitutionalistas]] e [[Monarchia traditional|traditionalistas]]. Le herede immediate esseva [[Pedro I de Brasil|D. Pedro]], alora [[Imperator de Brasil]] e constitutionalista convicte.<ref name="LIMA 1989, p.72">LIMA, Manuel de Oliveira. O Império [[Brasil]]eiro. São Paulo: USP, 1989, p.72 (originalmente públicado em 1927 disponível pela [https://digital.bbm.usp.br/handle/bbm/2991 biblioteca brasiliana] na versão de 1927)</ref> Ille esseva sequite per Miguel I de Portugal, un traditionalista que habeva essite expellite del regno post haber tentate duo colpos traditionalista - le [[Vilafrancada]] e le [[Abrilada]]. Appellate per le regentia, D. Pedro esseva pro tres menses [[Lista de reges de Portugal|rege de Portugal]] como Pedro IV de Portugal. Ma, pressionate per le refusal del brasilianos al union del duo regnos e per le [[Miguelistas]], ille abdicava poco postea a favor de su filia [[Maria II de Portugal|Maria da Glória]] alora con septe annos. Como parte del accordo de succession, in april 1826 D. Pedro creava un [[Carta Constitutional portugese de 1826|Carta Constitutional]] que revideva le [[Constitution portugese de 1822|Constitution de 1822]] pro conciliar traditionalistas e liberales, permittente que ambe factiones obteneva postos in le governamento. Ille retornava a Brasil, lassante le throno a D. Maria da Glória e le regentia a su fratre D. Miguel usque que illa attingeva le etate necessari pro maritar se.<ref name=abdicacion>A "Gazeta de Lisboa" publicou a 12 junho de 1826 a abdicação de D. Pedro IV, que estaria condicionada à aceitação da [[Carta Constitucional portuguesa de 1826]] e do casamento de sua filha com seu irmão({{citar livro|título= Gazeta de Lisboa, Números 152-307| url= http://books.google.es/books?id=qOsvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA645| editor= Imprensa Nacional| ano= 1826| página= 645}}).</ref> D. Miguel regressava a Portugal pro jurar le Carta Constitutional de 1826 e exercitar le regentia. Ma, un mense postea, ille convocava [[Cortes (politica)|cortes]] traditional, con nobilitate, clero e homines libere. Illic ille esseva coronate como rege D. Miguel I de Portugal, annullante le Constitution e deponente le [[Monarchia constitutional (Portugal)|monarchia constitutional]] de D. Maria. Sex annos de guerra civil sequeva con interventiones militar estranier. Prendente le partito del liberales, Pedro IV abdicava del throno brasilian pro su filio Pedro II de Brasil e sigillava un [[Qu quadruple Alliantia (1834)|alliantia international]] pro vincer su fratre in Portugal. Le defaitas successive de Miguel lo fortiava a renunciar al lucta in le [[Convention de Évora Monte]], e permitter le restauration del monarchia constitutional e del throno de Maria II de Portugal. === Liberalismo === {{AP|Historia de Portugal (1834–1910)}} [[File:Sceptre of the Carta Constituicional.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sceptro]] del regina D. Maria II de Portugal con le [[Carta Constitutional de 1826]]]] Post le defaite del [[Miguelista|miguelistas]], le politica portugese del {{séc|XIX}} esseva marcate per ideas [[liberalismo|liberal]]. Inter 1834 e 1836 le appellate [[devorismo]] esseva in vigor,<ref>[http://www.arqnet.pt/portal/portugal/liberalismo/lib1834.html Arqnet - liberalismo]</ref><ref>{{Citar web |url=http://www.iscsp.utl.pt/~cepp/governos_portugueses/devorismo/loureiro_1835.htm |titulo=Devorismo na página do ISCSP |acessodata=2012-07-14 |arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609035739/http://www.iscsp.utl.pt/~cepp/governos_portugueses/devorismo/loureiro_1835.htm |arquivodata=2013-06-09 |urlmorta=yes }}</ref> de influentia [[massoneria|massonic]]. Sub le [[Carta Constitutional portugese de 1826]] le benes national esseva vendite in licitation public, facilitante le accesso al chefes liberal. Ma illo non attingeva le pace desirate. Le liberales esseva un gruppo heterogenee que se habeva unite pro luctar contra le traditionalistas, ma illes habeva multe discrepantias inter illes. Pro iste ration, illes se divideva ab le initio in moderate e progressistas. Le prime puncto de discordia esseva le [[Constitution]]. Durante que le moderate, appellate [[cartistas]], voleva imponer le Carta Constitutional, le progressistas, appellate [[setembristas]], defendeva le soveranitate popular, luctante activemente pro un constitution approbate per un congresso democraticamente eligite per le populo. Le [[Revolution de Septembre]] de 1836 conduceva al promulgation del [[Constitution Portugese de 1838]]. Totevia, su duration esseva ephemere. Le regina D. Maria II, que esseva favorabile al cartistas, dava le poter a [[António da Costa Cabral, Marques de Tomar]], nominante le ministro del justitia. Costa Cabral procede a un colpo de stato e restaura le Carta Constitutional. De 1842 a 1846, ille governava le pais como un dictator, causante discontentamento inter le population. Le [[cabralismo]] terminava con le [[Revolution de Maria da Fonte]] e un nove periodo de guerra civil sequeva. Le [[Guerra del Patuleia]] inter Cartistas e Setembristas terminava con un clar victoria cartista ma le regina debeva retirar Costa Cabral del governamento e appellar le governamento del [[Partito Progressista (Portugal)|Partito Progressista]]. [[File:Inauguração do caminho de ferro.jpg|thumb|left|Inauguration, le 28 de octobre 1856, del prime linea de [[Chronologia del camino de ferro in Portugal|camino de ferro in Portugal]], aquarella de [[Alfredo Roque Gameiro]]]] Alora un phase de stabilitate initiava, le [[Regeneration (historia)|Regeneration]], initialmente presidite per le [[Marshal Saldanha]], in que [[Fontes Pereira de Melo]] se destacava.{{sfn|Mattoso|1965|p=218-224}} Con le morte de D. Maria II in 1853 le [[Casa de Bragança-Saxe-Coburgo e Gota]] comenciava a regnar in Portugal. Le successor esseva su filio [[Pedro V de Portugal|D. Pedro V]], cuje regno initiava un longe periodo in que Portugal esseva un modello de [[monarchia constitutional]], in que le derectos individual esseva respectate e habeva un ample libertate de pressa. Le partidos liberal habeva arrivate a un consenso super le avantages del promotion del disveloppamento material, includente del [[Chronologia del camino de ferro in Portugal|ferrovias]], del commercio e del industria, lassante de latere le divergentias constitutional de 1830 e 1840. Nonobstante, malgrado le pace social, le industrialisation e modernisation del agricultura e del literacitate del population, esseva plus lente in Portugal que in ulle altere pais in Europa Occidental. Le [[rotativismo]] comenciava a esser in vigor, in que le duo principal partidos politic, le [[Partito Regenerator]] (conservative) e [[Partito Historic]] (progressista) alternava in le poter. In le decennio de 1880 il habeva un extension del derecto de voto a tote le capites de familia, approximante se multo al [[suffragio universal]]. Nonobstante, le majoritate del population, rural e analphabeto, viveva foras del politica permittente al chefes politic controlar le systema politic. Durante le appellate "[[Partita de Africa]]", Portugal entrava in collision con le principal potentias europee al reclamar vaste areas a base del "derecto historic". In consequentia del [[Conferentia de Berlin]], in 1890 il habeva un crisi colonial in Africa,{{sfn|Mattoso|1965|p=279-284}} sequite per un serie de [[Campanias de Conquesta e Pacification|campanias militar pro le occupation effective del territorio]] que Portugal reclamava como [[colonia|colonias]]. Iste campanias creava un corpore de officiales [[Studios de Africa|africanista]] e anti-liberal que esserea multo importante in le historia portugese. Intertanto, le movimentos republican ganiava adherentes. === Le regicidio e le fin del Monarchia === {{AP|Regicidio de 1908}} [[File:L'attentat de Lisbonne (2).jpg|thumb|upright|Representation del [[Regicidio de 1908]] in le [[Praça do Comércio|Terreiro do Paço]] in [[Lisbona]]]] Le regicidio del 1 de februario 1908, occurrite in le [[Praça do Comércio|Terreiro do Paço]], in [[Lisbona]], marcava profundemente le Historia de Portugal, un vice que de illo resultava le morte del rege Carolo I de Portugal e de su filio e principal herede, le [[Luís Filipe, Prince Regal de Portugal|Prince Regal D. Luís Filipe de Bragança]], marcante le fin del ultime tentativa seriose de reforma del [[Monarchia constitutional (Portugal)|Monarchia Constitutional]] e, consequentemente, originante un nove escalation de violentia in le vita public del Pais. Post le morte del rege e del [[Prince Regal de Portugal|Prince Regal]], le filio mascule supervivente, D. Manuel de Bragança, ascendeva del grado de infante al de rege prendente le nomine de Manuel II de Portugal. Totevia, a causa del [[Implantation del Republica Portugese|implantation del Republica]] le 5 de octobre 1910, le tempore de su regno effective esseva curte e le nove monarcha se videva obligate a partir pro le exilio, assi como tote le altere membros del [[familia regal portugese]] del [[dynastia de Bragança]]. Pro le effecto, le Republica Portugese decretava le [[Lege del Proscription]]. In le exilio, le rege D. Manuel II maritava se con [[Augusta Vitória de Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen|D. Augusta Vitória]], princessa de [[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], sin lassar filiation. Durante su vita in le exilio ille arrivava a incontrar se in Fulwell Park, [[London]], con su allegate medie-soror D. [[Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança]], le qual manteneva, posteriormente, un accentuate disputa dynastic contra su cosinos distante del branca [[Miguelista]]. == Republica (1910-1926) == === Implantation del Republica === {{AP|Implantation del Republica Portugese|Governamento Provisori del Republica Portugese}} [[File:Estremoz13.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Illustration allusive al ''Proclamation del Republica Portugese'' le 5 de octobre 1910]] Le subjugation del pais post le [[Ultimato britannic de 1890|ultimato britannic]]{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$implantacao-da-republica Implantação da República]}} e le sever crisi financiari occurrite inter 1890-1891, le expensas del [[Familia regal portugese|familia regal]],<ref>{{citar web|url=http://avenidadaliberdade.org/index.php?content=1175&co_template=10|titulo=A Ditadura de João Franco e a autoria moral e política de D. Carlos|publicado=avenidadaliberdade.org|acessodata=30 de agosto de 2010|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119071242/http://avenidadaliberdade.org/index.php?content=1175&co_template=10|arquivodata=2012-01-19|urlmorta=yes}}</ref> le poter del [[Ecclesia Catholic|ecclesia]], le instabilitate politic e social, le [[rotativismo]] de duo partidos in le poter ([[Partito Progressista (Portugal)|progressistas]] e [[Partito Regenerator|regeneratores]]), le dictatura de [[João Franco]],<ref>{{citar web|url=http://www.vidaslusofonas.pt/joaofranco.htm|titulo=João Franco|publicado=Vidas Lusófonas|acessodata=30 de agosto de 2010|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515101356/http://www.vidaslusofonas.pt/joaofranco.htm|arquivodata=2011-05-15|urlmorta=yes}}</ref> le apparente incapacitate de accompaniar le evolution del tempores — toto contribueva al erosion del [[monarchia]]<ref>{{citar web|url=http://www.cm-palmela.pt/NR/rdonlyres/2699A4EF-465D-4C5E-B8D7-C4544B81B2B0/39794/Escolas1Republica.pdf|titulo=1ª Republica - Dossier temático dirigido às Escolas|publicado=Rede Municipal de Bibliotecas Públicas do concelho de Palmela|acessodata=30 de agosto de 2010|arquivourl=https://www.webcitation.org/643itnlZr?url=http://www.cm-palmela.pt/NR/rdonlyres/2699A4EF-465D-4C5E-B8D7-C4544B81B2B0/39794/Escolas1Republica.pdf|arquivodata=2011-12-19|urlmorta=yes}}</ref> portugese. Le defensores del [[republica]], particularmente le [[Partito Republican Portugese]], sapeva profitar le melior, <ref>{{citar web|url=http://in-devir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=176&Itemid=37|titulo=5 de outubro de 1910: a trajectória do republicanismo|publicado=In-Devir|acessodata=30 de agosto de 2010|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622212517/http://in-devir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=176&Itemid=37|arquivodata=2011-06-22|urlmorta=yes}}</ref> appoiate indirecte e directemente in organisationes secrete como le [[massoneria]] e le [[Carbonaria Portugese|carbonaria]]. Le republicanismo se accentuava de tal maniera que in 1908 le rege D. Carolo I de Portugal e le prince herede D. Luís Filipe esseva occidite a tiras in le Praça do Comércio in Lisbona per membros del carbonaria. Manuel II de Portugal culpava del [[Regicidio de 1908|regicidio]] le prime ministro de su patre, João Franco qui habeva governate como un dictator in le ultime annos. João Franco esseva demittite, ma le nove rege non succedeva a meliorar le imagine del monarchia ni detiner le pression del movimento republican. In octobre 1910, un [[Revolution del 5 de Octobre 1910|revolta]] erumpeva. Le reluctantia del armea a combatter le circa duo mille soldatos e marinieros revoltose provocarea le deposition de D. Manuel II de Portugal e le proclamation del Republica Portugese, partiente le rege pro le exilio in Grande Britannia. Le Republica esseva proclamate le die 5 de octobre 1910, del balcon del [[Paços do Concelho de Lisboa]].<ref>{{citar web|url=http://www.leme.pt/biografias/portugal/presidentes/castro.html|titulo=Primeira República - Biografia de João de Canto e Castro|publicado=www.leme.pt|acessodata=30 de agosto de 2010}}</ref> Un [[Governamento Provisori del Republica Portugese|governamento provisori]] ducite per [[Teófilo Braga]] dirigeva le destinationes del pais usque al approbation del [[Constitution portugese de 1911|Constitution de 1911]] que dava initio al [[Prime Republica Portugese|Prime Republica]].{{sfn|Infopédia|loc=[http://www.infopedia.pt/$constituicao-de-1911 Constituição de 1911]}} Inter altere cambios, con le implantation del republica, le [[symbolos national]] esseva substituite: le [[A Portuguesa|hymno national]] e le [[Bandiera de Portugal|bandiera]]<ref name="rep2010Símbolos">{{citar web|url=http://www.republica2010.com/instituicoes/instituicoes_simbolos.php|titulo=Símbolos da República|publicado=Almanaque da República|acessodata=27 de agosto de 2010|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002115430/http://www.republica2010.com/instituicoes/instituicoes_simbolos.php|arquivodata=2010-10-02|urlmorta=yes}}</ref> assi como le moneta, con le [[Scuto portugese|scuto]] reimplaciante le [[Real (moneta portugese)|real]]. === Prime Republica === {{AP|Prime Republica Portugese}} [[File:Embarque tropas para angola 2.jpg|thumb|Disimbarcamento de truppas pro Angola durante le [[Portugal in le Prime Guerra Mundial|Prime Guerra Mundial]]]] Post le revolution in Lisbona, le monarchia esseva succedite per un [[republica parlamentarista]], que durava de 1910 a 1926. Le republican esseva un minoritate urban in un pais rural, e le [[Suffragio restrigite|derecto de voto esseva restrigite]] al homines alphabetisate. Il esseva un periodo de grande instabilitate politic: in le dece-sex annos de duration illo habeva nove presidentes e 45 governamentos. Le parlamento esseva le centro del systema politic e eligeva le [[Presidente del Republica Portugese|presidente del republica]], qui habeva pauc poter de arbitrar inter le differente factiones. Le systema de partidos esseva fragmentate e governamentos sin sufficiente majoritate parlamentari se succedeva. Un faction del [[Partito Republican Portugese]], le "democrates" de [[Afonso Costa]], deveniva le centro del systema politic e controlava le administration e, per medio de ''[[caciquismo]]'', le electiones.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=591-593}} Le resto del factiones republican e monarchic recurreva al insurrection pro prender le poter. Il habeva numerose conspirationes e [[colpo de stato|colpos de stato]]. Le regime esseva debile e le politicas [[Secularismo|secularista]] e de controlo del Ecclesia Catholic confrontava iste e le population rural.{{sfn|Ramos|2009|p=586-587}} [[Portugal in le Prime Guerra Mundial|Portugal participava in le Prime Guerra Mundial (1914-1918)]] e le mobilisation militar e le collapso del commercio maritim causava multe problemas social, tal como [[inflation]] e penuria. Le movimento obrer, in que le organisation del [[Anarchismo in Portugal|anarcho-syndicalistas]] prevaleva, etiam non se sentiva representate per le Republica e esseva multo combative, con multe [[greve|greves]] contra le carestia in que illo usava le violentia politic. Le colpo de stato in 1917 de [[Sidónio Pais]] tentava crear un [[republica presidentialista]] e integrar in le regime monarchistas e catholicos, ma post su assassinato un anno plus tarde e un parve guerra civil inter januario-februario 1919 inter Monarchia e Republica, le [[Constitution portugese de 1911|Constitution de 1911]] esseva restaurate. Le systema superviveva ancora octo annos, ma illo affrontava innumerabile problemas social, colpos e insurrectiones, usque que le [[Revolution del 28 de Maio 1926|colpo militar de 1926]] imponeva un [[dictatura]]. == Dictatura (1926-1974) == === Dictatura (1926-1933) === {{AP|Dictatura militar portugese|Dictatura National}} Le [[Colpo del 28 de Maio 1926|colpo militar de 1926]] poneva fin al Prime Republica, initiante un dictatura militar ducite per le general [[Óscar Carmona|Carmona]]. In 1928 le situation financiari del pais deveniva le principal preoccupation del governamento e Carmona nominava ministro del Financias [[António de Oliveira Salazar]], un prestigiose professor de financias del [[Universitate de Coimbra]].{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=190}} Le regime, progressivemente plus autoritari, promulgava in 1930 un [[Acto Colonial]]<ref>[http://dre.pt/pdfgratis/1930/07/15600.pdf Texto do ''Acto Colonial'' no ''Diário do Governo''].</ref> centralisator, que restringeva le autonomia financiari e administrative del colonias in lo que illo appellava [[Imperio Colonial Portugese]]. Le ancian partidos politic portugese dispareva, excepte le [[Partito Communista Portugese]], cuje dirigentes esseva durmente persequite per le [[Politia politic|politia politic]] ([[PVDE]] e postea, [[PIDE]]). Le [[Censura in Portugal|censura]], restablite in 1926, esseva consolidate e le [[greve|greves]] prohibite.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=5}} === Stato Nove (1933-1974) === {{AP|Estado Novo (Portugal)}} [[File:Foto 3 Visita Salazar obras Ponte Coimbra015.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[António de Oliveira Salazar]] (tertio ab le sinistra), fundator del Stato Nove visita obras del Ponte de Santa Clara in Coimbra]] Salazar ganiava peso in le governamento e in 1932 deveniva [[Presidente del Consilio de Ministros]] con poteres dictatorial.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=190}} Profundemente [[conservative]] e [[nationalista]], ille rejectava le [[communismo]] e le [[liberalismo]]: su modello esseva le medio rural, que ille considerava ideal. In 1933, ille promulgava un nove [[Constitution portugese de 1933|constitution]] inspirate in le [[corporativismo]], in le [[Doctrina social del Ecclesia|doctrina social del Ecclesia]] e in le [[nationalismo]]. Le base del nove regime politic, le [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Stato Nove]], esseva jectate. De character presidentialista e anti-parlamentarista, in practica le presidente del Republica esseva un figura pallide e le poter se concentrava in Salazar. Un [[Partito unic|partito unic]] ([[Union National]]), supportator del regime, dominava le [[Assemblea National (Portugal)|Assemblea National]] e le economia esseva regulate per un [[Camera Corporative]] componite per elementos connectite al professiones.{{sfn|Mattoso|1965|p=304-305}} In 1936 le regime creava le [[Juventute Portugese (Mocidade Portuguesa)]], pro doctrinar le juventute. Le qualification del regime de Salazar como [[fascista]] non es unanime in le historiographia, usante se frequentemente le termino [[regime autoritari]] o [[fascismo clerical]], ma le similaritate es clar con le Italia de [[Mussolini]] e le dictatura espaniol de [[Miguel Primo de Rivera|Primo de Rivera]] e [[Francisco Franco|Franco]], que ille supportava in le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol|Guerra Civil Espaniol (1936-1939)]]. [[File:Pessoas Custilhão.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Agricultores ''[[Beira Alta|beirões]]'' (c.1950)]] In 1939, Portugal declarava officialmente le neutralitate in le [[Portugal in le Secunde Guerra Mundial|Secunde Guerra Mundial]]. In ille anno ille signava un [[Tractato de Amicitia e Non-Aggression Luso-Espaniol|pacto de non-aggression]] con Espania ma refusava adherer al [[Pacto Anti-Komintern]]. Simultaneemente, ille accordava le cooperation con Grande Britannia e in 1943 ille arrivava a conceder le [[Base Aeree de Lajes]] in le Azores. Salazar intendeva que Portugal habeva pauc a vider con le politica europee, essente su vocation ultramar, cercante a distantia se del conflicto.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=148}} Portugal exportava productos pro le paises in conflicto, como sucre, tabaco e [[wolframium]], usate in material bellic. Al fin del guerra, le governamento decretava luto official de tres dies pro le morte de Hitler. In 1949, Portugal entrava in le [[Organisation del Tractato del Atlantico del Nord]] (OTAN) e, in 1955, in le [[Organisation del Nationes Unite]]. De 1949 a 1958, [[Opposition al dictatura portugese|oppositores al dictatura]] como [[José Norton de Matos|Norton de Matos]] e [[Humberto Delgado]] defendeva le democratisation. Humberto Delgado duceva le principal tentativa de derocamento del dictatura per electiones, al reunir tote le opposition democratic e grande supporto popular. Ben que ille perdeva [[Electiones presidential portugese de 1958|le electiones de 1958]] in un processo electoral fraudulente,<ref>Cf. DELGADO, Iva; PACHECO, Carlos; FARIA, Telmo (coordenação). ROSAS, Fernando (prefácio). ''Humberto Delgado e as eleições de 58''. Lisboa, Vega, 1998. {{ISBN|972-699-637-6}}.</ref> ille incertava le poter del Stato Nove e dava sperantia al opposition. === Guerra del Ultramar === {{AP|Guerra Colonial Portugese}} [[File:MatasdorioOnzo.jpg|thumb|left|Soldatos portugese in le mattas del [[Rio Onzo]], in Angola]] Le [[decolonisation]] massive europee post le Secunde Guerra Mundial faceva crescer le condemnation del [[colonialismo]] e le resistentia al domination portugese. Post le [[proclamation del Independentia de India]] in opposition al [[India Britannic|britannicos]] in 1947, Portugal refusava le petition de [[India]] pro rescinder le possession del [[Stato Portugese de India]]. Iste attitude esseva condemnate per le [[Tribunal International]] e per le [[Assemblea del Nationes Unite]]. Pro detiner le pressiones politic international, in le sperantia de preservar un Portugal intercontinental, le Stato Nove formulava un nove [[Politica Ultramarin Portugese|politica Ultramarin]] in 1951: ille revocava le [[Acto Colonial]] de 1930 e creava le appellate "[[Solution Portugese]]", que passava a designar le colonias como [[provincia ultramarin|provincias ultramarin]], considerante que istes esseva parte integrante e inseparabile de Portugal, como "Nation Multiracial e Pluricontinental". In 1954, post protestos pacific e le refusal del governamento portugese a negociar, le [[Union Indian]] annexava [[Dadrá e Nagar Haveli]]. Al initio del decennio de 1960, in le colonias portugese african varie gruppos formava partidos de lucta pro le [[autodetermination]]. In Angola surgeva le [[MPLA]] e le [[Union del Populos de Angola|UPA]], in Guinea le [[PAIGC]] e in Mozambico le [[FRELIMO]], inspirate in chefes como [[Agostinho Neto]], [[Eduardo Mondlane]] e [[Amílcar Cabral]]. Le [[Guerra Frigide]] inter le [[Statos Unite]] e le [[Union Sovietic]] alimentava, ideologicamente e materialmente iste partidos. Le 15 de martio 1961, le UPA attaccava fermas in le nord de Angola initiante un serie de confrontationes. Le 19 de decembre de ille anno, un fortia de 40 000 soldatos indian [[Invasion de Goa|occupava Goa]], annexante le [[Stato Portugese de India]] e ponente fin a 451 annos de dominio portugese. Salazar refusava recognoscer le soveranitate indian, mantenente iste territorios representate in le [[Assemblea National (Portugal)|Assemblea National]]. Prime in [[Angola]], postea in [[Guinea Portugese]] e [[Capo Verde]], e in 1964 in [[Mozambico]], operationes de [[guerrilla]] surgeva in tres frontes, initiante le appellate [[Guerra del Ultramar]]. Malgrado le grande numero de truppas portugese, que arrivava a attinger 200 mille homines,{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=152}} in parte recrutate in le colonias, le guerrilla non esseva contenite. Le guerra se prolongava causante circa 63 mille mortos. Le costos con le defensa augmentava, arrivante a 46% del total del expensa public portugese in 1969,{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=152}} contribuente al empoverimento del [[economia]]. Cercante a fugir del poveritate e del servicio militar, quasi 10% del population portugese [[Emigration|emigrava]] durante le decennio de 60, habente como destinationes principal [[Francia]] e [[Germania Occidental]], ma etiam le Statos Unite, Venezuela e Africa del Sud.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=155}} <ref>[http://www.dn.pt/especiais/interior.aspx?content_id=1210686&especial=A%20revolu%E7%E3o%20de%20Abril&seccao=POL%CDTICA Legiões de camponeses deixaram, nos anos 60, o mundo rural e emigraram para as cidades ou para o estrangeiro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225508/http://www.dn.pt/especiais/interior.aspx?content_id=1210686&especial=A%20revolu%E7%E3o%20de%20Abril&seccao=POL%CDTICA |date=2015-09-23 }} – Gouveia de Albuquerque no Diário de Notícias de 01 Maio 2004</ref> In 1968, Salazar esseva removite del poter per maladia, succedente le [[Marcello Caetano]]. Inter 1968 e 1970, le nove governamento faceva un modernisation economic e liberalisation politic moderate, le appellate [[Primavera Marcelista]],<ref>Marcello Caetano, ''Renovação na Continuidade'', Verbo, Lisboa, 1971.</ref> que creava le expectation de un ver reforma del regime, lo que non arrivava a occurrer. Le contexto international esseva sempre plus disfavorabile al regime, ma le intransigentia del governamento e de multe colonos bloccava le decolonisation: al initio del decennio de septanta le ideario salazarista de luctar le guerra «[[orgulhosamente sós]]» ('orgoliosemente sol') se manteneva vivente.<ref>[http://www.ipri.pt/investigadores/artigo.php?idi=8&ida=140 "Orgulhosamente Sós"? Portugal e os Estados Unidos no início da década de 1960] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220230552/http://www.ipri.pt/investigadores/artigo.php?idi=8&ida=140 |date=2007-12-20 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.ipri.pt/investigadores/artigo.php?idi=8&ida=140 |date=20071220230552 }} em [http://www.ipri.pt/ Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais]</ref> Le insustenibilitate de un guerra de tres frontes, (excepte [[Timor Portugese]], cuje distantia rendeva inviabile le intervention), le forte pression international, super toto del [[ONU]] e del [[Statos Unite]] contra [[colonialismo]], causava le allargamento del [[opposition al Stato Nove]]. == Democratia (1974-presente) == === Revolution del Carnationes === [[File:25 Abril 1983 Porto by Henrique Matos 01.jpg|thumb|Manifestation del 25 de April 1983 in le citate de [[Porto]]]] {{AP|Revolution del 25 de April 1974|Processo Revolutionari in Curso}} In le decennio de 70, le discontentamento del societate portugese in facie al [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|regime]] cresceva, propellite per le difficultates economic resultante de 13 annos de [[Guerra del Ultramar]] e per le [[Crisi del petroleo de 1973]]. Le refusal de [[Marcello Caetano]] a acceptar un solution politic pro le guerra revoltava le [[Fortias Armate de Portugal|fortias armate]], que concludeva que le fin del conflicto passava per le derocamento del dictatura. Officieros intermediari del armea, principalmente [[Capitano (militar)|capitanos]] con le supporto de lor superiores, se organisava in augusto 1973 in [[Bissau]] in un movimento clandestine. Le [[Movimento del Fortias Armate|Movimento del Fortias Armate (MFA)]] nasceva con le lemma "Democratisar, Decolonisar e Disveloppar".{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=160}} In februario 1974, le general [[António de Spínola]], ex-governator de Guinea-Bissau, publicava le libro ''[[Portugal e le Futuro (Portugal e o Futuro)]]''. Pro le prime vice un alte dignitate militar advocava publicamente le necessitate de un solution politic pro le revoltas separatista in le colonias. Le die 14 de martio le generales Spínola e [[Costa Gomes]] esseva demittite del cargos de Vice-Chef e Chef de Stato Major General del Fortias Armate. Le die 25 de april 1974, in Lisbona, le MFA succedeva in un [[Colpo de stato|colpo de stato]] que deveniva cognoscite como Revolution del Carnationes. Le population adhereva e le poter esseva initialmente assumite per un [[Junta de Salvation National]] de militares, plus tarde substituite per le [[Consilio del Revolution]] {{nwrap||1975|1982}}.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=164}} António de Spínola esseva designate [[Lista de presidentes de Portugal|Presidente del Republica]], e le prime de un serie de [[Governamento Provisori del Republica Portugese|governamentos provisori]] entrava in function. Le [[Censura in Portugal|censura]] finiva, le prisionieros politic esseva liberate e le major institutiones del Stato Nove esseva extincte. Le processo pro conceder le independentia al [[Imperio Portugese|colonias ultramar]] esseva initiate. Initialmente habeva un division inter militares [[conservative]] circum Spínola, e de inclination [[socialista]], includente membros destacate del MFA circum le prime ministro [[Vasco Gonçalves]]. Le die 11 de martio 1975, le pais viveva le menacia de un colpo de stato ducite per Spínola. Le colpo falleva e Spínola esseva fortiate al exilio in Brasil.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=170}} Le mesme die le II Governamento Provisori de Portugal prendeva mesuras [[Economia socialista de mercato|socialista in le economia]], decretante le [[nationalisation]] del bancas e del assecurantias. Illos esseva sequite per le principal industrias, le medios de communication, e le [[reforma agrari]], con le expropriation e occupation de terras, specialmente in le [[Alentejo]]. Circa 900 000 hectares de terras agricole esseva occupate inter april 1974 e decembre 1975. Le prime duo annos post-Revolution esseva de instabilitate e possibilitate de guerra civil. Le periodo desde le revolution usque al promulgation de un nove constitution, que deveniva cognoscite como PREC (Processo Revolutionari In Curso), esseva characterisate per disputas inter fortias de [[Sinistra politic|sinistra]] e de [[Dextera politic|dextera]], particularmente durante le appellate [[Estate Calide de 1975 (Verão Quente de 1975)]]. --- === Tertie Republica === {{AP|Tertie Republica Portugese}} [[File:Portugal-demography.png|thumb|left|Population portugese inter 1961-2003, in milles, (2005 Datos del [[FAO]]) con le emigration sequite del [[retornados]],<ref name="Flight from Angola">[http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12079340 Flight from Angola], [[The Economist]] (16 August 1975).</ref><ref name="Dismantling the Portuguese Empire">[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913229-1,00.html Dismantling the Portuguese Empire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723130930/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,913229-1,00.html |date=2013-07-23 }}, [[Time Magazine]] (Monday, 7 July 1975).</ref> inter 500.000 a 1 million post le revolution del carnationes]] Passate un anno post le revolution, le die 25 de april 1975, le prime [[Electiones legislative portugese de 1975|electiones libere]] con [[suffragio universal]] occurreva in Portugal, con un affluencia historic de 91% del citatanos recenseate, pro formar un [[Assemblea Constituente (Portugal)|Assemblea Constituente]] que elaborarea un nove [[constitution]].<ref name="AR">{{citar web |autor=Assembleia da República |url=http://www.parlamento.pt/Parlamento/Paginas/OEstadoDemocratico.aspx |título=O Estado Democrático: A Assembleia Constituinte de 1975-76 |acessodata=6 de agosto de 2012 |ano=2012 |local=Lisboa |editor=AR |publicado=AR |arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620130845/http://www.parlamento.pt/Parlamento/Paginas/OEstadoDemocratico.aspx |arquivodata=2012-06-20 |urlmorta=yes }}</ref> Ancora in 1975, le independentia esseva concedite a tote le [[Imperio Portugese|colonias ultramar]].{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=168-170}} Le retiration esseva inconditionate e immediate, rendente statos independente tote le territorios portugese african. Iste processo causava un exodo in massa a Portugal, principalmente de [[Angola]] e de [[Mozambico]]. Plus de un million de refugiatos sin medios, le "[[retornados]]", fugiva del antique colonias portugese.<ref name="Flight from Angola"/><ref name="Dismantling the Portuguese Empire"/> In april 1976, le [[Constitution portugese de 1976|nove constitution]] esseva promulgate.<ref name="AR"/> In illa se determinava le transition al [[socialismo]] como destination del stato portugese. Dies postea, in le [[electiones legislative portugese de 1976|electiones legislative]] le [[Partito Socialista Portugese]] (PS) vinceva e [[Mário Soares]], su chef, deveniva prime ministro del [[I Governamento Constitutional de Portugal]]. In le prime electiones democratic pro le [[Presidente del Republica Portugese|presidentia del Republica]] [[Ramalho Eanes]] vinceva, qui se imponeva clarmente ante [[Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho|Otelo]], candidato del sinistra plus radical. In novembre del mesme anno le prime [[electiones municipal]] esseva realisate. Le institutiones democratic comenciava a functionar como base pro crear un modello de stato [[Democratia representative|democratic]] [[Parlamentarismo|parlamentarista]] al stilo de Europa Occidental. Eanes e Mário Soares approximava le pais al [[Communitate Europee]]. Portugal entrava in le [[Consilio de Europa]], initiante le processo de apertura del pais que duceva al adhesion al [[CEE]]. In 1979, pro le prime vice post le revolution, un gruppo politic del [[Centro-dextera|centro-dextera]], le governamento de [[Francisco Sá Carneiro]] e [[Francisco Pinto Balsemão]], ganiava le electiones parlamentari.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=XXII}} [[VI Governamento Constitutional de Portugal|Iste governamento]] arrivava a un accordo con le opposition socialista pro realisar un revision constitutional. Le [[Constitution portugese de 1976|Constitution que entrava in vigor in 1982]] eliminava alicun institutiones que emergeva post le revolution, includente le [[Consilio del Revolution]], e creava un [[Tribunal Constitutional]] al stilo del paises democratic.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=178}} [[File:Lisboa - Expo98 - Vista Geral.jpg|thumb|Vista del [[Parque das Nações]], create pro reciper le [[Exposition Mundial de 1998]] in Lisbona, vidite con le [[Pavilion Atlantic]], le [[Turre Vasco da Gama|turre]] e le [[Ponte Vasco da Gama]]]] In 1985, [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] deveniva prime ministro per le [[Partito Social Democratic (Portugal)|Partito Social-Democratic]], de character conservative. Duo annos postea ille conquireva le majoritate absolute. Ille remaneva in le poter usque 1995, promovente un [[politica economic]] [[neoliberal|liberal]] e privatistante le interprisas que habeva essite nationalisate post le revolution.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=179}} In 1986, Portugal adhereva al [[Communitate Economic Europee]] (CEE). In le annos sequente, le economia portugese progrediva como resultato del fundos structural e de cohesion del CEE/UE e del accesso plus facile del interprisas portugese al mercatos estranier. In 1991 le [[A1 (Autostrata)|autostrata Lisbona-Porto]] esseva terminate, le prime de [[Lista de autostratas de Portugal|48 autostratas]] inter numerose [[obras public]] realisate in le annos sequente. In martio 1995 Portugal comenciava a applicar le regulas del [[Spatio Schengen]], aperiente le [[frontiera|frontieras]] a altere membros.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=181}} De 1995 a 2001, le governamento esseva ducite per le socialista [[António Guterres]]. Pro celebrar le 500 annos del Discopertas, Portugal organisava le [[Exposition Mundial de 1998]] in Lisbona.{{sfn|Anderson|2000|p=181}} Le anno sequente ille adhereva al [[Zona Euro]],<ref name="BCE">{{citar web |url=http://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html |titulo=Banco Central Europeu |acessodata=18 de outubro de 2008}}</ref> adoptante le [[euro]] como moneta. In ille anno, Portugal esseva seligite pro organisar le [[Championato Europee de Football de 2004]], pro le qual ille initiava le construction de [[Euro 2004#Est.C3.A1dios|10 stadiums de football]].<ref name="SOL">{{citar web|autor=SOL|titulo=Estádios do Euro'2004 custaram mais de 600 milhões de euros|data=23-08-2007|publicado=SOL |acessodata=28-10-2010|url=http://sol.sapo.pt/inicio/Desporto/Interior.aspx?content_id=3221}}</ref> Le 20 de decembre 1999, le soveranitate de [[Macau]] passava al [[Declaration Conjuncte Sino-Portugese super le Question de Macau|Republica Popular de China]] que como ultime territorio ultramar administrate ''de facto'' per Portugal, marcava le fin del imperio portugese.<ref>Duraria desde a conquista de [[Ceuta]] em 1415 até à cessação da administração de [[Macau]], em 1999. Ver para uma análise numa perspectiva global Russel-Wood, A. J. R. The Portuguese Empire, 1415–1808: A World on the Move. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.</ref> In decembre 2001, António Guterres abandonava le governamento affirmante non haber conditiones pro continuar. In le [[Electiones legislative portugese de 2002|electiones anticipate]], le dextera tornava a obtener le majoritate, con le PSD ducite per [[José Manuel Durão Barroso]] coalisate con le [[Partito Popular (Portugal)|Partito Popular]]. In un breve periodo ille se destacava per le politica de contension del [[expensa public]] e per le supporto al [[Guerra de Irak]], quando in 2003 Barroso esseva hospite del Summita del Lajes, que culminava 4 dies postea con su initio.<ref name="DN">{{citar web |url=http://www.dnoticias.pt/actualidade/mundo/180991-cimeira-das-lajes-anunciou-guerra-do-iraque-ha-cinco-anos |titulo=Cimeira das Lajes anunciou guerra do Iraque há cinco anos |acessodata=27 de julho de 2012}}</ref> In 2004 Barroso abandonava le cargo al esser nominate [[Presidente del Commission Europee]] e esseva reimplaciate per [[Pedro Santana Lopes]]. In novembre le [[Assemblea del Republica]] esseva dissolvite pro eliger un nove governamento. Le [[Partito Socialista (Portugal)|Partito Socialista]] succedeva tunc pro le prime vice un majoritate absolute e [[José Sócrates]] deveniva prime ministro. Ille initia alora le modernisation del administration public introducente le [[carta de citatano]] e un "plan technologic", con le objectivo de stimular le debile performance del [[economia portugese]], que registrava le minor [[PIB per capita]] de [[Europa Occidental]].<ref>{{citar web|url=http://economia.publico.pt/Noticia/portugueses-perderam-poder-de-compra-entre-2005-e-2007-e-estao-na-cauda-da-zona-euro_1352732|titulo=Portugueses perderam poder de compra entre 2005 e 2007 e estão na cauda da Zona Euro |publicado=Público|data=11 de dezembro de 2008|acessodata=10 de outubro de 2010}}</ref> Totevia, le plan habeva pauc effecto. In 2007, Portugal presideva le signatura del [[Tractato de Lisbona (2007)|Tractato de Lisbona]]<ref name="pue">{{citar web |url=http://www.eu2007.pt/UE/vPT/Presidencia_Conselho/A_Presidencia/default_.htm |titulo=A presidência portuguesa da União Europeia |acessodata=18 de outubro de 2008 |arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522100415/http://www.eu2007.pt/UE/vPT/Presidencia_Conselho/A_Presidencia/default_.htm |arquivodata=2011-05-22 |urlmorta=yes }}</ref> que reformava le functionamento in le UE post le tentativa fallite de approbar un [[Constitution Europee]]. == Referentias == {{Reflist|2}} ==Bibliographia== ;Libros * {{cite book|last1 =Anderson|first1 =James Maxwell |title= The History of Portugal, Greenwood histories of the modern nations|year=2000|location=Westport|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0313311064|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=UoryGn9o4x0C&lpg=PP1&ots|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Almacari|first1 =Amade Maomé|title= The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain; extracted from the Nafhu-T-Tib Min Ghosni-L-Andalusi-R-Rattib Wa Tarikh Lisanu-D-Din Ibni-L-Khattib- VOL. II.|year=1964|location=New York|publisher=Johnson Reprint Corporation|isbn=0313311064|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=Ie7TAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PR3|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Araújo |first=Luís Manuel de |chapter=Os Muçulmanos no Ocidente Peninsular |title=História de Portugal |editor=José Hermano Saraiva |publisher=Alfa |year=1983 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Azevedo|first1 =J. Lúcio d'|title= O marquês de Pombal e a sua época |year=1922|location=Open Library|publisher= Annuario do Brasil, Seara Nova|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/omarqusdepomba00azevuoft#page/28/mode/2up|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Barbosa |first=Pedro Gomes |chapter=Arte e cultura do Império Romano à fundação da nacionalidade |title=História de Portugal |publisher=Alfa |editor=José Hermano Saraiva |year=1983 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Barreira|first1 =Aníbal|last2 =Moreira|first2 =Mendes|title= Rumos da História|year=2003|location=Porto|publisher=Edições ASA|isbn=972-41-2899-7|url=|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Boxer|first1 =Charles Ralph |title=Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey|year=1969|location=Berkeley|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0520014197|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=4NLCRBNXBUYC&lpg=PP1&ots=janRhy8hh5&dq=BOXER%2C%20Charles%20Ralph%20%22Four%20centuries%20of%20Portuguese%20expansion%2C%201415-1825%3A%20a%20succinct%20survey%22%2C&pg=PP1#v|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Cavendish|first1 =Marshall|title=World and Its Peoples: Portugal and Spain|year=2009|location=New York|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|isbn=0761478922|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=KetpijSSLv8C&lpg=PA598&ots=Vu0Agrk7t9&dq=Portugal%20pre-history%20first%20hominids&hl=pt-PT&pg=PA598|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Cruz |first=António |chapter=Do início da Reconquista à fundação do Condado Portucalense |title=História de Portugal |editor=José Hermano Saraiva |publisher=Alfa |year=1983 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Diffie|first1 =Bailey Wallys|last2 =Winius|first2 =George Davison|title=Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580|year=1977|location=Minneapolis|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|isbn=0816607826|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=hBTqPX4G9Y4C&lpg=PP1&ots=FPcUt5k7dv&dq=Diffie%20portuguese%20empire&pg=PP1#v|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Disney|first1 =A. R. |title= A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire: From Beginnings to 1807-Volume1|year=2009|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521843189|url=|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Elliot|first1 =J.H. |title= Imperial Spain: 1469-1716|year=2002|location=UK|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=0-14-100703-6|url=|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Ferreira da Silva |first=Armando Coelho |chapter=A Idade dos Metais em Portugal |title=História de Portugal |year=1983 |editor=José Hermano Saraiva |publisher=Alfa |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Fletcher|first1 =Richard |title= Moorish Spain|year=2006|location=Los Angeles|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0520248406|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=wrMG-LfuU7oC&lpg=PP1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Jenkins|first1 =Brian|title=Nation and identity in contemporary Europe|year=1996|location=Oxon|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415123127|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LNRyNG9NNkcC&lpg=1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Mattoso|first1 =António|last2 =Henriques|first2 =Antonino|title=História Geral e Pátria, II volume: Idade Moderna e Contemporânea|year=1965|location=Lisbon|publisher=Bertrand, Lda.|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Mattoso|first1 =José|title=História de Portugal, Primeiro Volume: Antes de Portugal|year=1992|location=|publisher=[[Círculo de Leitores]]|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Mattoso |first=José |chapter=O Condado Portucalense |title=História de Portugal |editor=José Hermano Saraiva |year=1983 |volume=1 |publisher=Alfa |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Kennedy|first1 =Hugh N.|title=Muslim Spain and Portugal: A political history of al-Andalus|year=1996|location=Essex|publisher=Longman|isbn=0582299683|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Knutsen|first1 =Torbjørn L |title= The rise and fall of world orders|year=1999|location=Manchester|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=0719040582|url=http://books.google.es/books?id=ZYn_f1jxNDoC&lpg=PA138&dq|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Koller|first1 =Erwin|last2 =Laitenberger|first2 =Hugo|title=Suevos-Volume 426 of Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik|year=1998|location=Universidade do Minho|publisher=Gunter Narr Verlag|isbn=3823350919|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=aGc2GwyvuEgC&lpg=PR1&ots=Hn6mORCYlc&dq=KOLLER%2C%20Erwin%2C%20Hugo%20Laitenberger&pg=PR1#v|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Page |first1 =Martin |title=The First Global Village: How Portugal Changed the World|year=2006|location=Lisbon|publisher=Casa das Letras|isbn=9724613135|url=http://books.google.pt/books?id=-IIEhFx0OfwC&lpg=PP1&ots|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Poettering |first1 =Jorun |title=Handel, Nation und Religion. Kaufleute zwischen Hamburg und Portugal im 17. Jahrhundert|year=2013|location=Göttingen|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|isbn=978-3-525-31022-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Ramos|first=Rui|author2=Sousa, Bernardo Vasconcelos e|author3=Monteiro, Nuno Gonçalo |title=História de Portugal |year=2009|location=Lisbon|publisher=A Esfera dos Livros|isbn=978-989-626-139-9|url=|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Tavares da Silva |first=Carlos |chapter=O megalitismo e os primeiros metalurgistas |title=História de Portugal |editor=José Hermano Saraiva |year=1983 |volume=1 |publisher=Alfa |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last1 =Clark|first1 =Victor Selden|title=Studies in the Latin of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance|year=1900|location=Lancaster|publisher=The New Era Printing Company|url=|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last =Saraiva|first =José|title=História de Portugal|year=1993|location=Lisbon|publisher=Publicações Europa-América|ref=harv}} ;Jurnales * {{cite journal|last =Duarte |first = C, Maurício J, Pettitt PB, Souto P, Trinkaus E, van der Plicht H, Zilhão J|year= 1999|title=The early Upper Paleolithic human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) and modern human emergence in Iberia|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |issue=96-13 |publisher= |location= |issn= 0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.96.13.7604 |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/96/13/7604.long |access-date=22 August 2012 |ref=harv}} ;Fontes online * {{cite news|title=Sinais de presença humana de há 300 mil anos descobertos em Portugal |first = |last = |url=http://www.jn.pt/paginainicial/interior.aspx?content_id=711586 |work=JN - [[Jornal de Notícias]] |publisher=JN |location=Porto |date=2007-09-03 |access-date=22 August 2012 |ref=harv}} * {{cite web|title=Portugal Romano |url=http://www.portugalromano.com/|work=Arqueologia romana em Portugal|publisher=Portugal Romano.com|location=Portugal |year=2011 |access-date=22 August 2012 |ref={{harvid|Portugal Romano.com|2011}}}} * {{cite web|title=IGESPAR|url=http://www.igespar.pt/pt/ |work=Património|publisher=IGESPAR - Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico |location=Portugal |year= |access-date=22 August 2012 |ref={{harvid|IGESPAR|}}}} * {{cite web|title=Infopédia |url=http://www.infopedia.pt/ |work=Enciclopédia multimédia online |publisher=[[Porto Editora]]|location=Porto |year=2003–2012 |access-date=23 August 2012 |ref={{harvid|Infopédia|}}}} * {{cite web |title=Tesouros da Arqueologia Portuguesa |url=http://www.mnarqueologia-ipmuseus.pt/?a=2&x=3&i=31 |work=Exposição permanente |publisher=[[Museu Nacional de Arqueologia]] |location=Lisboa |year=1980–2012 |access-date=23 August 2012 |ref=harv |accessdate=13 November 2025 |archivedate=22 February 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222211958/http://www.mnarqueologia-ipmuseus.pt/?a=2&x=3&i=31 }} * {{cite web|title=Sefardíes y moriscos siguen aquí |url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Sefardies/moriscos/siguen/elpepisoc/20081205elpepisoc_7/Tes |work=Archivo |publisher=El País |location=Spain |date=2008-12-05 |access-date=22 August 2012 |ref={{harvid|El País|2008}}}} * {{cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/ |work=Britannica Online Encyclopaedia  |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|location=UK |year=2012 |access-date=23 August 2012 |ref={{harvid|Britannica|}}}} * {{cite web|title=Portal História |url=http://www.arqnet.pt/ |publisher=Manuel Amaral |location= |year=2000–2012 |access-date=23 August 2012 |ref={{harvid|Portal História|}}}} * {{cite web|title=A compra do Nordeste|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/111198/p_118.html|work=Paulo Moreira Leite. |publisher=[[Veja]]|location=Brazil|date=11 November 1998|access-date=23 August 2012|ref={{harvid|Veja|}}|accessdate=13 November 2025|archivedate=7 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207153818/http://veja.abril.com.br/111198/p_118.html}} * {{cite web|title=Colônia de Caiena|url=http://www.historiacolonial.arquivonacional.gov.br/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?infoid=248&sid=48&tpl|work=Império luso-brasileiro|publisher=Ministério da Justiça-Arquivo Nacional|location=Rio de Janeiro|year=2012|access-date=23 August 2012|ref={{harvid|MJAN|}}|accessdate=13 November 2025|archivedate=3 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603073238/http://www.historiacolonial.arquivonacional.gov.br/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?infoid=248&sid=48&tpl}} {{Historia de Europa per pais}} [[Categoria:Historia de Portugal]] k4u0t4irqk0wnv3009a2hb7g1wr9qms 0 60882 697097 696135 2026-06-09T11:58:38Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Pegasus''' es un [[spyware]] disveloppate per le compania de [[Cyber-arms industry|armas cybernetic]] israelian [[NSO Group]] que es designate pro esser installate de forma celate e remote sur [[mobile phone|telephonos mobile]] que executa [[iOS]] e [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref name="WP-20210719">{{cite news |last1=Timberg |first1=Craig |last2=Albergotti |first2=Reed |last3=Guéguen |first3=Elodie |title=Despite the hype, iPhone security no match for NSO spyware – International investigation finds 23 Apple devices that were successfully hacked |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/07/19/apple-iphone-nso/ |date=19 July 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719121837/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/07/19/apple-iphone-nso/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ben que NSO Group commercialisa Pegasus como un producto pro combatter le crimine e le terrorismo, governamentos circa le mundo ha usate routinarimente le spyware pro surveiller jornalistas, advocatos, dissidentes politic, e activistas de derectos human.<ref name="haaretz_9093465">{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-with-israel-s-encouragement-nso-sold-spyware-to-uae-and-other-gulf-states-1.9093465|title=With Israel's Encouragement, NSO Sold Spyware to UAE and Other Gulf States|access-date=August 23, 2020|website=Haaretz|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823090408/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-with-israel-s-encouragement-nso-sold-spyware-to-uae-and-other-gulf-states-1.9093465|url-status=live}}</ref> Le vendita de licentias de Pegasus a governamentos estranier debe esser approbate per le [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Ministerio de Defensa de Israel]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |last2=Perlroth |first2=Nicole |last3=Swanson |first3=Ana |last4=Bergman |first4=Ronen |date=2021-11-03 |title=U.S. Blacklists Israeli Firm NSO Group Over Spyware |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/03/business/nso-group-spyware-blacklist.html |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |archive-date=December 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206032505/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/03/business/nso-group-spyware-blacklist.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A partir de septembre 2023, le operatores de Pegasus esseva capace de installar remotemente le spyware sur versiones de iOS usque a [[IOS 16#Release history|16.6]] usante un exploita de [[Exploit (computer security)#Zero-click|zero clic]].<ref name="blastpass">{{Cite journal|title=BLASTPASS: NSO Group iPhone Zero-Click, Zero-Day Exploit Captured in the Wild|url=https://citizenlab.ca/2023/09/blastpass-nso-group-iphone-zero-click-zero-day-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/|access-date=2025-05-14|website=citizenlab.ca|date=September 7, 2023|language=en}}</ref> Ben que le capabilitates de Pegasus pote variar con le tempore debite a actualisationes de software, Pegasus es generalmente capace de [[Phone surveillance|leger messages de texto]], [[Call-tracking software|interceptar appellos]], [[Keystroke logging|colliger contrasignos]], [[Mobile phone tracking|traciar le loctisante]], acceder al microphono e camera del dispositivo target, e recoller information de applicationes.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cox|first=Joseph|date=12 May 2020|title=NSO Group Pitched Phone Hacking Tech to American Police|work=Vice|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/nso-group-pitched-phone-hacking-tech-american-police/|access-date=January 30, 2022|archive-date=January 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130025302/https://www.vice.com/en/article/8899nz/nso-group-pitched-phone-hacking-tech-american-police|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":17"/> Le spyware es nominate secundo [[Pegasus]], le cavallo wingate del [[Greek mythology|mythologia grec]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=May I have a word about… Pegasus spyware |last=Bouquet |first=Jonathan |newspaper=The Guardian |date=19 May 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2019/may/19/may-i-have-a-word-about-pegasus-spyware |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126091608/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2019/may/19/may-i-have-a-word-about-pegasus-spyware |url-status=live }}</ref> Le observatorio cybernetic [[Citizen Lab]] e Lookout Security publicava le prime analyses technic public de Pegasus in augusto 2016 post que illes capturava le spyware in un tentativa fallite de spiar le [[iPhone]] de un [[human rights activist|activista de derectos human]].<ref name="citizen-lab-reoport" /><ref name="lookout-report" /> Investigationes subsequente sur Pegasus per [[Amnesty International]], Citizen Lab, e alteres ha attrahite attention mediatic significante, includente in julio 2021 con le lustration del investigation del [[Pegasus Project (investigation)|Projecto Pegasus]], que se centrava sur un lista filtrate de 50.000 numeros de telephono reportatemente seligite pro esser targetas per le clientes de Pegasus.<ref name="pegasusproject" /><ref name="amnesty-pegasus-project">{{Cite news |title=Pegasus Project: Apple iPhones compromised by NSO spyware|date=19 Jul 2021|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/07/pegasus-project-apple-iphones-compromised-by-nso-spyware/|access-date=July 15, 2023|archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719143933/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/07/pegasus-project-apple-iphones-compromised-by-nso-spyware/ |url-status=live|website=Amnesty International }}</ref> == Antecedentes == NSO Group disveloppava su prime iteration del spyware Pegasus in 2011.<ref name=":17">{{cite news |last1=Bergman |first1=Ronen |last2=Mazzetti |first2=Mark |title=The Battle for the World's Most Powerful Cyberweapon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/magazine/nso-group-israel-spyware.html |work=The New York Times |date=28 January 2022 |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130025302/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/magazine/nso-group-israel-spyware.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Le compania declara que illo forni a "governamentos autorisate le technologia que los adjuta a combatter le terror e le crimine."<ref name="VICE">{{cite web | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/government-hackers-iphone-hacking-jailbreak-nso-group/ | title=Government Hackers Caught Using Unprecedented iPhone Spy Tool | work=[[Motherboard (website)|Motherboard]] | publisher=[[Vice Media]] | date=August 26, 2016 | access-date=May 15, 2019 | author=Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo | archive-date=September 3, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903100656/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/3da5qj/government-hackers-iphone-hacking-jailbreak-nso-group | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=What is Pegasus spyware and how does it hack phones?|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/what-is-pegasus-spyware-and-how-does-it-hack-phones|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719225916/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/what-is-pegasus-spyware-and-how-does-it-hack-phones|url-status=live}}</ref> NSO Group ha publicate sectiones de contractos que require que le clientes usa su productos solmente pro investigationes criminal e de securitate national, e ha declarate que illo ha un approche de liderage in le industria relative al derectos human.<ref name="project">{{Cite news |title=Revealed: leak uncovers global abuse of cyber-surveillance weapon |last1=Kirchgaessner |first1=Stephanie |last2=Lewis |first2=Paul |last3=Pegg |first3=David |last4=Cutler |first4=Sam |newspaper=The Observer |date=July 18, 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/18/revealed-leak-uncovers-global-abuse-of-cyber-surveillance-weapon-nso-group-pegasus |access-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719172826/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/18/revealed-leak-uncovers-global-abuse-of-cyber-surveillance-weapon-nso-group-pegasus |url-status=live }}</ref> === Discoperita === Le exploitation de iOS per Pegasus esseva identificate in augusto 2016. Le defensor de derectos human [[United Arab Emirates|emirati]] [[Ahmed Mansoor]] recipeva un message de texto que promitteva "secretos" sur tortura occurrente in prisiones in le Emiratos Arabe Unite si ille sequeva un ligamine. Mansoor inviava le ligamine a [[Citizen Lab]] del [[University of Toronto]], que investigava, con le collaboration de Lookout, trovante que si Mansoor habeva sequite le ligamine, illo habeva facite un jailbreak de su telephono e implantate le spyware in illo, in un forma de [[Social engineering (security)|ingenieria social]].<ref name="bbc_37192670">{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Dave|date=August 26, 2016|title=Who are the hackers who cracked the iPhone?|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37192670|archive-date=July 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719183220/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37192670|url-status=live}}</ref> Citizen Lab e Lookout discoperiva que le ligamine discargava software pro exploitar tres vulnerabilitates de [[Zero-day (computing)|die zero]] previemente incognite e non corrigite in [[iOS]].<ref name="citizen-lab-reoport">{{cite journal|last1=Marczak|first1=Bill|last2=Scott-Railton|first2=John|date=August 24, 2016|title=The Million Dollar Dissident: NSO Group's iPhone Zero-Days used against a UAE Human Rights Defender|url=https://citizenlab.org/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/|access-date=2017-03-25|website=[[Citizen Lab]]|archive-date=December 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217014412/https://citizenlab.org/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="lookout-report">{{cite tech report|url=https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/lookout-pegasus-technical-analysis.pdf|title=Technical Analysis of Pegasus Spyware|publisher=[[Lookout (IT security)|Lookout]]|date=August 25, 2016|access-date=2016-08-25|archive-date=February 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219070611/https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/lookout-pegasus-technical-analysis.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Secundo lor analyse, le software pote facer un [[Jailbreak (iOS)|jailbreak]] de un [[iPhone]] quando un [[URL]] malitiose es aperte. Le software se installa e collige tote le communicationes e locationes del iPhones targetate. Le software pote etiam colliger contrasignos de [[Wi-Fi]].<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|last1=Fox-Brewster|first1=Thomas|date=August 25, 2016|title=Everything We Know About NSO Group: The Professional Spies Who Hacked iPhones With A Single Text|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2016/08/25/everything-we-know-about-nso-group-the-professional-spies-who-hacked-iphones-with-a-single-text|access-date=2016-08-25|website=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826205421/http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2016/08/25/everything-we-know-about-nso-group-the-professional-spies-who-hacked-iphones-with-a-single-text/|url-status=live}}</ref> Le investigatores notava que le codice del software faceva referentia a un producto de NSO Group nominate "Pegasus" in materiales de marketing filtrate.<ref name="bbc_37192670"/> Pegasus habeva previemente venite a lumine in un lustration de registros de [[Hacking Team]], que indicava que le software habeva essite fornite al governamento de Panama in 2015.<ref name="laprensa">{{cite news|last1=Rodriguez|first1=Rolando B.|last2=Diaz|first2=Juan Manuel|date=August 7, 2015|title=Abren sumario en caso Hacking Team|work=[[La Prensa (Panama City)]]|url=http://www.prensa.com/locales/Espiar-obsesion-Martinelli_0_4271572998.html|access-date=2016-08-25|archive-date=March 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328231023/https://www.prensa.com/locales/Espiar-obsesion-Martinelli_0_4271572998.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Citizen Lab e Lookout notificava le equipa de securitate de [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], que corrigeva le fallas in dece dies e publicava un actualisation pro iOS.<ref name="apple">{{cite web|date=August 25, 2016|title=About the security content of iOS 9.3.5|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207107|access-date=2016-08-25|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|archive-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925094410/https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207107|url-status=live}}</ref> Un correction pro [[macOS]] esseva publicate sex dies plus tarde.<ref name="apple2">{{cite web|date=September 1, 2016|title=About the security content of Security Update 2016-001 El Capitan and Security Update 2016-005 Yosemite|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207130|access-date=2016-09-01|publisher=[[Apple Inc.]]|archive-date=September 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925094417/https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207130|url-status=live}}</ref> In relation a quanto extendite esseva le problema, Lookout explicava in un entrata de blog: "Nos crede que iste spyware ha essite active durante un amonta significante de tempore basate sur alicun del indicatores intra le codice" e signalava que le codice monstra signos de un "tabula de mappage del kernel que ha valores que remonta usque a [[iOS 7]]" (publicate in 2013).<ref name="Lookout blog post">{{cite web|date=August 25, 2016|title=Sophisticated, persistent mobile attack against high-value targets on iOS|url=https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2016/08/25/trident-pegasus/|access-date=December 21, 2016|publisher=Lookout|archive-date=December 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217041121/https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2016/08/25/trident-pegasus/|url-status=live|accessdate=March 12, 2026|archivedate=December 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217041121/https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2016/08/25/trident-pegasus/}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' e ''[[The Times of Israel]]'' reportava ambe que il pareva que le [[United Arab Emirates|Emiratos Arabe Unite]] usava iste spyware ja in 2013.<ref name="20180831NYT">{{cite news|last1=Kirkpatrick|first1=David D.|author-link=David D. Kirkpatrick|last2=Ahmed|first2=Azam|date=August 31, 2018|title=Hacking a Prince, an Emir and a Journalist to Impress a Client|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/middleeast/hacking-united-arab-emirates-nso-group.html|access-date=August 31, 2018|archive-date=May 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524152209/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/middleeast/hacking-united-arab-emirates-nso-group.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20160902NYT">{{cite news|last1=Perlroth|first1=Nicole|date=September 2, 2016|title=How Spy Tech Firms Let Governments See Everything on a Smartphone|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/03/technology/nso-group-how-spy-tech-firms-let-governments-see-everything-on-a-smartphone.html|access-date=August 31, 2018|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514140743/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/03/technology/nso-group-how-spy-tech-firms-let-governments-see-everything-on-a-smartphone.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20180831TOI">{{cite news|date=August 31, 2018|title=Lawsuits claim Israeli spyware firm helped UAE regime hack opponents' phones|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/lawsuits-claim-israeli-spyware-firm-helped-uae-hack-opponents-phones/|access-date=August 31, 2018|archive-date=May 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525045542/https://www.timesofisrael.com/lawsuits-claim-israeli-spyware-firm-helped-uae-hack-opponents-phones/|url-status=live}}</ref> Illo esseva usate in Panama per le ancian presidente [[Ricardo Martinelli]] de 2012 a 2014, qui stabiliva le ''Consejo de Seguridad Pública y Defensa Nacional'' (Consilio de Securitate Public e Defensa National) pro su uso.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prensa.com/impresa/panorama/controversial-pasado-Pegasus-Panama_0_5430956930.html|title=El controversial pasado de Pegasus en Panamá &#124; la Prensa Panamá|date=October 31, 2019|access-date=July 24, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724095855/https://www.prensa.com/impresa/panorama/controversial-pasado-Pegasus-Panama_0_5430956930.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.laestrella.com.pa/nacional/191107/sistema-pegasus|title=¿Qué es el sistema Pegasus?|access-date=July 24, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724095857/https://www.laestrella.com.pa/nacional/191107/sistema-pegasus|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvn-2.com/mundo/escandalo-internacional-Pegasus-judiciales-expresidente_0_5901909799.html|title=NSO Group y su Pegasus, el software que metió en problemas judiciales a un expresidente panameño|date=July 19, 2021|access-date=July 24, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724100712/https://www.tvn-2.com/mundo/escandalo-internacional-Pegasus-judiciales-expresidente_0_5901909799.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prensa.com/impresa/panorama/Martinelli-pidio-disco-duro-Pegasus_0_5322967655.html|title='Martinelli pidió disco duro de Pegasus' &#124; la Prensa Panamá|date=June 8, 2019|access-date=July 24, 2021|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724100711/https://www.prensa.com/impresa/panorama/Martinelli-pidio-disco-duro-Pegasus_0_5322967655.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Chronologia === Plure litiges pendente in 2018 pretendeva que NSO Group adjutava clientes a operar le software e, per consequente, participava in numerose violationes de derectos human initiate per su clientes.<ref name="20180831TOI" /> Duo menses post le homicidio e dismembramento del jornalista de ''[[The Washington Post]]'' [[Jamal Khashoggi]], un activista de derectos human saudi, in le Consulato de Arabia Saudi in [[Istanbul, Turchia]], le dissidente saudi [[Omar Abdulaziz (vlogger)|Omar Abdulaziz]], un residente canadian, presentava un demanda in Israel contra NSO Group, accusante le firma de fornir al governamento saudi le software de vigilantia pro spiar le e su amicos, includente Khashoggi.<ref name="Boot5Dec">{{cite news|last=Boot|first=Max|date=December 5, 2018|title=An Israeli tech firm is selling spy software to dictators, betraying the country's ideals|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2018/12/05/israel-is-selling-spy-software-dictators-betraying-its-own-ideals/|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419191309/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2018/12/05/israel-is-selling-spy-software-dictators-betraying-its-own-ideals/|url-status=live}}</ref> In februario 2024, un corte del SUA ordinava a NSO Group de livrar le codice de Pegasus a [[WhatsApp]] como parte de un litige in curso presentate per le application de communication proprietate de [[Meta Platforms]] in relation al allegate uso de Pegasus contra usatores de WhatsApp.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirchgaessner |first=Stephanie |date=2024-02-29 |title=Court orders maker of Pegasus spyware to hand over code to WhatsApp |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/29/pegasus-surveillance-code-whatsapp-meta-lawsuit-nso-group |access-date=2024-04-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB }}</ref> In septembre 2024, Apple annunciava su intention de abandonar su appello judicial contra NSO. Le compania argumentava que le archivos plus critic sur le instrumento de spyware poterea nunquam esser revelate, dum le proprie revelationes de Apple poterea adjutar NSO e companias simile. Un altere ration citate esseva un prohibition del SUA de facer negotios con NSO, e un perceptite impulso al technologias de detection de menacias de Apple in le tres annos post que le demanda esseva presentate pro le prime vice.<ref>{{cite news| last=Menn | first=Joseph | title=Apple seeks to drop its lawsuit against Israeli spyware pioneer NSO |newspaper=Washington Post | date=13 September 2024 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/09/13/apple-lawsuit-nso-pegasus-spyware/}}</ref> In decembre 2024, un corte del SUA judicava que NSO Group esseva responsabile de hachar le dispositivos de 1.400 usatores de WhatsApp per medio de Pegasus. Le judice determinava que NSO Group violava le [[Computer Fraud and Abuse Act]], le [[California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act]], e le terminos de servicio de WhatsApp.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Judge rules NSO Group is liable for spyware hacks targeting 1,400 WhatsApp user devices |url=https://therecord.media/judge-rules-nso-group-liable-for-hack-of-1400-whatsapp-users |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=therecord.media |language=en |archive-date=December 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221054959/https://therecord.media/judge-rules-nso-group-liable-for-hack-of-1400-whatsapp-users |url-status=live }}</ref> == Detalios technic == Le spyware pote esser installate sur dispositivos que executa certe versiones de [[iOS]]—le systema operative mobile de Apple—assi como sur alicun dispositivos Android.<ref name="amnesty" /> In loco de esser un exploita specific, Pegasus es un suite de exploitas que usa multe vulnerabilitates in le systema. Le vectores de infection include clicar sur ligamines, le application [[Photos (Apple)|Photos]], le application [[Music (app)|Apple Music]], e [[iMessage]]. Alicun del exploitas que Pegasus usa es de [[zero-click]] — es dicer, illos pote executar se sin necun interaction del victima. Un vice installate, Pegasus ha essite reportate como capace de executar codice arbitrari, extraher contactos, registros de appellos, messages, photos, chronologia de navigation web, configurationes,<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news |first=Nicole |last=Perlroth |title=IPhone Users Urged to Update Software After Security Flaws Are Found |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/technology/apple-software-vulnerability-ios-patch.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 25, 2016 |access-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529100124/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/technology/apple-software-vulnerability-ios-patch.html |url-status=live }}</ref> assi como colliger information de applicationes includente, ma non limitate a, applicationes de communication como [[iMessage]], [[Gmail]], [[Viber]], [[Facebook]], [[WhatsApp]], [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]], e [[Skype]].<ref name="forbes_20160825_everything">{{cite magazine |first=Thomas |last=Fox-Brewster |title=Everything We Know About NSO Group: The Professional Spies Who Hacked iPhones With A Single Text |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2016/08/25/everything-we-know-about-nso-group-the-professional-spies-who-hacked-iphones-with-a-single-text/ |magazine=[[Forbes]] |date=August 25, 2016 |access-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529000237/https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2016/08/25/everything-we-know-about-nso-group-the-professional-spies-who-hacked-iphones-with-a-single-text/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In april 2017, post un reporto de Lookout, investigatores de Google discoperiva malware de [[Android (operating system)|Android]] "que on crede create per NSO Group Technologies" e lo nominava [[Chrysaor]] (le fratre de Pegasus in le [[Greek mythology|mythologia grec]]). Secundo Google, "on crede que Chrysaor es ligate al spyware Pegasus".<ref>{{cite web|first1=Rich|last1=Cannings|first2=Jason|last2=Woloz|first3=Neel|last3=Mehta|first4=Ken|last4=Bodzak|first5=Wentao|last5=Chang|first6=Megan|last6=Ruthven|title=An investigation of Chrysaor Malware on Android|url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/04/an-investigation-of-chrysaor-malware-on.html|website=Android Developers Blog|language=en|access-date=January 30, 2022|archive-date=January 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130095623/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/04/an-investigation-of-chrysaor-malware-on.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In le [[Security Analyst Summit]] de 2017 organisate per [[Kaspersky Lab]], le investigatores revelava que Pegasus esseva disponibile pro Android in addition a iOS. Su functionalitate es simile al version de iOS, ma le modo de attacco es differente. Le version de Android tenta obtener [[Rooting (Android)|accesso root]] (simile al jailbreaking in iOS); si illo fali, illo demanda al usator permissiones que le permitte recoller al minus alicun datos. In ille momento, Google diceva que solmente pauc dispositivos Android habeva essite infectate.<ref name=KasperskyOnPagasusOnAndroid>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/pegasus-spyware/14604/|title=Pegasus: The ultimate spyware for iOS and Android|first=John|last=Snow|website=Kaspersky Daily|date=17 August 2017|access-date=December 4, 2019|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204173115/https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/pegasus-spyware/14604/|url-status=live}}</ref> Pegasus se cela tanto quanto possibile e se autodestrue in un tentativa de eliminar evidentias si illo es incapace de communicar con su servitor de commando e controlo durante plus de 60 dies, o si illo se trova in le dispositivo errate. Pegasus pote etiam autodestruer se per commando.<ref name=KasperskyOnPagasusOnAndroid/> Si il non es possibile compromitter un dispositivo target per medios plus simple, Pegasus pote esser installate per medio de un ricivitor-transmissor sin filo proxime al dispositivo target, o per obtener accesso physic al dispositivo.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=What is Pegasus spyware and how does it hack phones?|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/what-is-pegasus-spyware-and-how-does-it-hack-phones|access-date=2022-02-01|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719225916/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/what-is-pegasus-spyware-and-how-does-it-hack-phones|url-status=live}}</ref> === Disveloppamento de capabilitates === Le version plus antique de Pegasus – que esseva identificate in 2016 – se basava sur un attacco de [[spear-phishing]] que requireva que le targeta clicava sur un ligamine malitiose in un message de texto o e-mail.<ref name=":8"/> A partir de augusto 2016 – secundo un ancian empleato de NSO – le version de Pegasus del SUA habeva capabilitates de 1-clic pro tote le telephonos, excepte le ancian modellos de Blackberry que poteva esser infiltrate con un attacco de 0-clic.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=NSO Group Pitched Phone Hacking Tech to American Police|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/nso-group-pitched-phone-hacking-tech-american-police/|access-date=2022-02-01|website=Vice.com|date=May 12, 2020 |language=en|archive-date=January 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130025302/https://www.vice.com/en/article/8899nz/nso-group-pitched-phone-hacking-tech-american-police|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, WhatsApp revelava que Pegasus habeva empleate un vulnerabilitate in su application pro lansar attaccos de zero clic (le spyware se installava in le telephono de un targeta per medio de un appello al telephono target; le spyware se installava mesmo si le appello non esseva respondite).<ref name=":8"/> Desde 2019, Pegasus ha comenciate a basar se sur vulnerabilitates de iMessage de iPhone pro deploia le spyware.<ref name=":8"/> Verso 2020, Pegasus se moveva verso [[Zero-click attack|exploitas de zero clic]] e attaccos basate sur le rete. Iste methodos permitteva al clientes penetrar in telephonos target sin requirer interaction del usator.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5"/> === Vulnerabilitates === Lookout forniva detalios del tres vulnerabilitates de iOS:<ref name="Lookout blog post" /> * CVE-2016-4655: Fuga de information in le kernel – Un vulnerabilitate de mappage del base del kernel que fuga information al attaccante, permittente le calcular le location del kernel in le memoria. * CVE-2016-4656: Corruption de memoria del kernel que duce al jailbreak – Vulnerabilitates al nivello del kernel de iOS de 32 e 64 bits que permitte al attaccante facer secretemente un jailbreak del dispositivo e installar software de vigilantia – detalios in le referentia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Esser|first=Stefan|date=September 5, 2016|title=PEGASUS iOS Kernel Vulnerability Explained – Part 2|url=https://www.sektioneins.de/en/blog/16-09-05-pegasus-ios-kernel-vulnerability-explained-part-2.html|access-date=August 31, 2019|website=SektionEins GmbH|language=en|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831073755/https://www.sektioneins.de/en/blog/16-09-05-pegasus-ios-kernel-vulnerability-explained-part-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * CVE-2016-4657: Corruption de memoria in le webkit – Un vulnerabilitate in le Safari WebKit que permitte al attaccante compromitter le dispositivo quando le usator clica sur un ligamine. [[Project Zero|Project Zero de Google]] documentava un altere exploita, nominate [[FORCEDENTRY]], in decembre 2021. Secundo le investigatores de Google, Pegasus inviava un [[iMessage]] a su targetas que contineva lo que pareva esser imagines [[GIF]], ma que in facto contineva un imagine [[JBIG2]]. Un vulnerabilitate in le implementation [[Xpdf]] de JBIG2, re-usate in le software operative de telephono iOS de Apple, permitteva a Pegasus construer un [[computer architecture|architectura de computator]] emulate intra le fluxo JBIG2, que esseva tunc usate pro implementar le attacco de zero clic. Apple corrigeva le vulnerabilitate in iOS 14.8 in septembre 2021 como CVE-2021-30860.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Beer|first1=Ian|last2=Groß|first2=Samuel|date=2021-12-15|title=Project Zero: A deep dive into an NSO zero-click iMessage exploit: Remote Code Execution|url=https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html|access-date=2021-12-16|website=[[Google Project Zero]]|archive-date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216121726/https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A partir de julio 2021, Pegasus probabilemente usa multe exploitas, alicun non listate in le [[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|CVEs]] mentionate supra.<ref name="amnesty" /> === Pegasus Anonymizing Transmission Network === Le gruppo de derectos human Amnesty International reportava in le [[Pegasus Project (investigation)|investigation]] de 2021 que Pegasus emplea un sophisticate infrastructura de [[Command and control (malware)|commando e controlo]] (C&C) pro livrar cargos utile de exploitation e inviar commandos a objectivos de Pegasus. Il ha al minus quatro cognite iterationes del infrastructura C&C, nominate le ''Pegasus Anonymizing Transmission Network'' (PATN) per le gruppo NSO, cata un includente usque a 500 [[domain name|nomines de dominio]], [[Domain Name System|servitores DNS]], e altere infrastructura de rete. Le PATN supoditemente utilisa technicas tal como le registration de alte [[Port (computer networking)|numeros de porto]] pro lor infrastructura in linea pro evitar le [[Port scanner|scandir de internet]] conventional. PATN anque usa usque a tres [[subdomain|subdominios]] aleatorisate unic per tentativa de exploitation assi como camminos [[URL]] aleatorisate.<ref name=amnesty>{{Cite web|title=Forensic Methodology Report: How to catch NSO Group's Pegasus|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/07/forensic-methodology-report-how-to-catch-nso-groups-pegasus/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=www.amnesty.org|date=July 18, 2021|language=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719211831/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/07/forensic-methodology-report-how-to-catch-nso-groups-pegasus/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Deteger Pegasus === Debite al natura oculte de su installation, Pegasus previemente solmente poteva esser detegite via forense digital. Le 16 de januario 2024, Kaspersky Labs annunciava in un communicato de pressa un nove methodo de deteger le programmatura spia pro apparatos iOS que involveva le inspection del file shutdown.log, le qual registra eventos de reinitiation, pro indicatores de compromisso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-16 |title=Kaspersky reveals new method to detect Pegasus spyware |url=https://www.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2024_kaspersky-reveals-new-method-to-detect-pegasus-spyware |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.kaspersky.com |language=es |archive-date=August 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812101138/https://www.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2024_kaspersky-reveals-new-method-to-detect-pegasus-spyware |url-status=live }}</ref> Kaspersky developpava un instrumento que extrahe, analysa, e interpreta le file shutdown.log pro facilitar le processo de localisar le signatura malitiose. Iste methodo es solmente effective si le apparato es reinitiate le mesme die que illo es infectate con Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=iShutdown scripts can help detect iOS spyware on your iPhone |url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ishutdown-scripts-can-help-detect-ios-spyware-on-your-iphone/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=BleepingComputer |language=en-us |archive-date=September 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919135503/https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ishutdown-scripts-can-help-detect-ios-spyware-on-your-iphone/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amnesty International publicava un utilitate de codice aperte appellate Mobile Verification Toolkit que es designate pro deteger tracias de Pegasus. Le software functiona sur un computator personal e analysa datos includente files de reserva exportate ab un iPhone o un telephono Android.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pegasus Spyware and Citizen Surveillance: Here's What You Should Know |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/pegasus-spyware-and-citizen-surveillance-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=CNET |language=en |archive-date=December 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227195947/https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/pegasus-spyware-and-citizen-surveillance-what-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=mvt-project/mvt |date=2024-04-29 |url=https://github.com/mvt-project/mvt |access-date=2024-04-29 |publisher=MVT |archive-date=December 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229065702/https://github.com/mvt-project/mvt |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Per pais ==== {{See also|Pegasus Project (investigation)}} Ben que on declara que Pegasus es destinate a esser usate contra criminales e terroristas,<ref name=project/> illo anque ha essite usate per governamentos tanto [[Authoritarianism|autoritari]] como democratic pro spiar criticos e opponentes.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The NSO File: A Complete (Updating) List of Individuals Targeted With Pegasus Spyware|language=en|work=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/MAGAZINE-nso-pegasus-spyware-file-complete-list-of-individuals-targeted-1.10549510|access-date=2022-01-31|archive-date=January 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131043221/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/MAGAZINE-nso-pegasus-spyware-file-complete-list-of-individuals-targeted-1.10549510|url-status=live|accessdate=2026-03-12|archivedate=2022-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131043221/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tech-news/MAGAZINE-nso-pegasus-spyware-file-complete-list-of-individuals-targeted-1.10549510}}</ref> Un reportator special del ONU sur le libertate de opinion trovava que le uso del programmatura spia per governamentos abusive poterea "facilitar executiones e occisiones extrajudicial, summari o arbitrari, o le disparition fortiate de personas."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Rights groups urge EU to ban NSO over clients' use of Pegasus spyware|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/dec/03/rights-groups-urge-eu-to-ban-nso-over-clients-use-of-pegasus-spyware|access-date=2022-01-30|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=January 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130144156/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/dec/03/rights-groups-urge-eu-to-ban-nso-over-clients-use-of-pegasus-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> === Armenia === Circa vinti citatanos armenie esseva spiate via le programmatura spia Pegasus. Le experto de media Arthur Papyan diceva que illo mirava le figuras clave del opposition e del governamento – empleatos governamental actual e passate qui cognosceva secrete de stato de valor e ha influentia politic, includente le ancian director del Servicio de Securitate National e le actual presidente del Partito del Patria de centro-dereita. Le expertos local suspectava que illes esseva mirate o per le governamento de Armenia o per le de Azerbaijan, o forsan per ambes. Papyan diceva que le gruppo NSO sembla facer jailbreaking de un telephono e forni un interfacie pro vider le datos obtenite. Le ministro del industria de alte technologia [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] anque recipeva un littera de advertimento de Apple; ille rejectava le theoria que le parte spiante poterea esser le actual governamento armenie.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Հայաստանյան ընդդիմության ու իշխանության առանցքային դեմքեր լրտեսական ծրագրի թիրախում են հայտնվել|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31578699.html|access-date=2021-11-25|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|date=November 25, 2021 |language=hy|archive-date=November 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125234919/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31578699.html|url-status=live|last1=Խուլյան |first1=Արտակ }}</ref> === Azerbaijan === Le lista de citatanos spiate includeva dozena de jornalistas e activistas de Azerbaijan. On allegava que lor telephonos mobile esseva interceptate.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Apple NSO Group-u məhkəməyə verir|url=https://www.azadliq.org/a/apple-nso-group-mehkeme/31576406.html|access-date=2021-11-25|website=Azadlıq Radiosu|date=November 24, 2021 |language=az|archive-date=November 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125234920/https://www.azadliq.org/a/apple-nso-group-mehkeme/31576406.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Le chef del servicio azerbaijani de [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe (Azadliq)]] Jamie Fly exprimeva su colera quando on revelava que le telephonos de su cinque empleatos actual e passate esseva interceptate con Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite news|title="Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն" ռ/կ նախագահը դատապարտում է ադրբեջանական ծառայության լրագրողների լրտեսումը Pegasus ծրագրով|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31368091.html|access-date=2021-11-25|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|date=July 20, 2021 |language=hy|archive-date=November 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125234920/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31368091.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Bangladesh === Reportos e investigationes indica que Bangladesh es inter le 45 paises ubi infectiones del programmatura spia Pegasus esseva detegite inter 2016 e 2018, secundo le recerca de securitate cibernetic de Citizen Lab.<ref name="DailyStar1">{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/pegasus-spyware-bangladesh-among-infected-locations-2134181 |title=Pegasus Spyware: Bangladesh among infected locations |date=20 July 2021 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref><ref name="TBS">{{cite web |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/tech/bangladesh-still-infected-israeli-spyware-pegasus-277495 |title=Is Bangladesh still infected by Israeli spyware Pegasus? |date=21 July 2021 |work=The Business Standard}}</ref> Le programmatura spia, developpate per le Gruppo NSO de Israel, permitte le accesso non detegite al messages, cameras, e microphonos de smartphones.<ref name="DailyStar2">{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/news/pegasus-controversy-and-cyber-security-bangladesh-2143751 |title=Pegasus controversy and cyber security in Bangladesh |date=3 August 2021 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> Citizen Lab identificava un operator con le nomine de codice **GANGES** usante dominios de thema politic pro mirar apparatos in Bangladesh, India, e Pakistan.<ref name="TBS"/> Durante le electiones de 2018, figuras del opposition reportava intrusiones telephonic consistente con infectiones de Pegasus, ben que nulle ligamine directe con le governamento esseva provate.<ref name="FinancialExpress">{{cite web |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/pegasus-spyware-in-bangladeshs-political-domain |title=Pegasus spyware in Bangladesh's political domain |date=24 January 2025 |work=The Financial Express}}</ref> Le governamento nega le emption o le uso de Pegasus, nominante le allegationes "sin fomento".<ref name="DailyStar1"/> Bangladesh manca de leges comprehensive de securitate cibernetic, dependente del Acto ICT (2006) e del Acto de Securitate Digital (2018), le quales prohibi le vigilantia non autorisate sed remane inadequate contra programmatura spia avantiate.<ref name="BusinessHR">{{cite web |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/bangladesh-pegasus-and-cyber-security-in-the-country/ |title=Pegasus revelations highlight cyber security concerns in Bangladesh |date=3 August 2021 |work=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre}}</ref> Le Articulo Constitutional 43(B) e le Section 63 del Acto ICT protege le privacitate del communicationes, sed lacunas de execution persiste.<ref name="BusinessHR"/> Equipamento de vigilantia israeli arrivava al autoritates de Bangladesh via intermediarios malgrado le absentia de ligamines diplomatic formal.<ref name="JPost">{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/tech-and-start-ups/article-728100 |title=Israeli spyware sold to Bangladesh - report |date=10 January 2023 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera">{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/2/bangladesh-bought-surveillance-equipment-from-israeli-company |title=Bangladesh bought mass spying equipment from Israeli company |date=2 February 2021 |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Ben que Pegasus specificamente remane non confirmate in iste transactiones, le ventas sublinea le accesso de Bangladesh a instrumentos de monitorisation avantiate.<ref name="JPost"/> === Bahrain === Citizen Lab revelava que le governamento de Bahrain usava le Pegasus del [[NSO Group]] pro hachar activistas, bloggueros, membros de Waad (un societate politic bahraini secular), un membro de [[Al Wefaq]] (un societate politic bahraini shiita), e membros del [[Bahrain Center for Human Rights]]. Bahrain supoditemente acquireva accesso al programmatura spia in 2017. Secundo le reporto, le telephonos mobile de un total de novem activistas de derectos esseva "hachate con successo" inter junio 2020 e februario 2021. Illes hachate includeva tres membros de Waad, tres del BCHR, un de Al Wefaq, e duo del dissidentes exiliate qui reside in London. Le Citizen Lab attribueva "con alte confidentia" que un operator de Pegasus, LULU, esseva usate per le governamento bahraini pro violar le telephonos de al minus quatro del novem activistas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://citizenlab.ca/2021/08/bahrain-hacks-activists-with-nso-group-zero-click-iphone-exploits/|title=From Pearl to Pegasus: Bahraini Government Hacks Activists with NSO Group Zero-Click iPhone Exploits|access-date=24 August 2021|website=The Citizen Lab|date=August 24, 2021|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://citizenlab.ca/2021/08/bahrain-hacks-activists-with-nso-group-zero-click-iphone-exploits/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/24/phones-of-nine-bahraini-activists-found-to-have-been-hacked-with-nso-spyware|title=Phones of nine Bahraini activists found to have been hacked with NSO spyware|access-date=24 August 2021|website=The Guardian|date=August 24, 2021|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/24/phones-of-nine-bahraini-activists-found-to-have-been-hacked-with-nso-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> In januario 2022, Bahrain esseva accusate de usar le programmatura spia Pegasus pro hachar un defensor de derectos human, [[Ebtisam al Saegh|Ebtisam al-Saegh]]. Le telephono del prominente activista esseva hachate al minus octo vices inter augusto e novembre 2019. Secundo le Citizen Lab, post le tentativa de hachage, al-Saegh faceva fronte a incidentes ubi illa esseva harrassate per le autoritates de Bahrain. Isto includeva esser citate a un station de policia, interrogation, menacias de stupro, e assalto physic e sexual. Le attacco lassava le defensor de derectos in un stato de "timor e terror quotidian".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jan/17/two-female-activists-in-bahrain-and-jordan-hacked-with-nso-spyware|title=Two female activists in Bahrain and Jordan hacked with NSO spyware|access-date=17 January 2022|website=The Guardian|date=January 17, 2022|archive-date=January 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124075133/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jan/17/two-female-activists-in-bahrain-and-jordan-hacked-with-nso-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> In februario 2022, un investigation per [[Citizen Lab]] e [[Amnesty International]] revelava que le programmatura spia Pegasus esseva usate pro infectar le apparatos de un advocato, un jornalista in linea, e un conseliero de sanitate mental in Bahrain. Tote le tres activistas esseva critic del autoritates bahraini e esseva mirate con Pegasus inter junio e septembre 2021. Un del tres activistas remaneva anonyme, durante que le altere duo esseva [[Mohammed al-Tajer]] e Sharifa Swar (conseliero de sanitate mental).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/bahrain-devices-of-three-activists-hacked-with-pegasus-spyware/|title=Bahrain: Devices of three activists hacked with Pegasus spyware|access-date=18 February 2022|website=Amnesty International|date=February 18, 2022|archive-date=February 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220132650/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/bahrain-devices-of-three-activists-hacked-with-pegasus-spyware/|url-status=live}}</ref> In decembre 2022, un activista bahraini exiliate, Yusuf al-Jamri, presentava un demanda judicial contra le governamento de Bahrain e le Gruppo NSO, allegante que su telephono esseva hachate usante le programmatura spia Pegasus in augusto 2019. Le hachage esseva confirmate per le recercatores de Citizen Lab, qui affirmava que le servitores que mirava al-Jamri esseva connectite con Bahrain.<ref name=Guardian-06-12-2022>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/06/no-safe-haven-the-bahraini-dissident-still-menaced-after-gaining-uk-asylum|title=No safe haven? The Bahraini dissident still menaced after gaining UK asylum|access-date=6 December 2022|website=The Guardian|date=December 6, 2022|last1=Kirchgaessner|first1=Stephanie|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/06/no-safe-haven-the-bahraini-dissident-still-menaced-after-gaining-uk-asylum|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://citizenlab.ca/2021/08/bahrain-hacks-activists-with-nso-group-zero-click-iphone-exploits/ |title=From Pearl to Pegasus: Bahraini Government Hacks Activists with NSO Group Zero-Click iPhone Exploits |access-date=24 August 2021 |website=The Citizen Lab |date=August 24, 2021 |last1=Marczak |first1=Bill |last2=Abdulemam |first2=Ali |last3=Al-Jizawi |first3=Noura |last4=Anstis |first4=Siena |last5=Berdan |first5=Kristin |last6=Scott-Railton |first6=John |last7=Deibert |first7=Ron |archive-date=January 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://citizenlab.ca/2021/08/bahrain-hacks-activists-with-nso-group-zero-click-iphone-exploits/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Yusuf al-Jamri fugeva al R.U. con su familia in 2017, post facer fronte a multiple detentiones, e episodios de interrogation, tortura, assalto sexual, e menacias de stupro. Expertos affirmava que ille esseva hachate dies post publicar tweets sur Moosa Mohammed, le activista bahraini qui protestava le executiones in Bahrain e ascendeva al tecto del ambassada del pais in London.<ref name=Guardian-06-12-2022 /> === Djibouti === In 2018, le [[Central Intelligence Agency]] del S.U.A. emeva Pegasus pro le governamento de Djibouti pro ducer operationes contra le terrorismo (malgrado le mal record de derectos human de Djibouti).<ref name="Mazzetti & Bergman 10-Jul-2022 NYT">{{cite news |last1=Mazzetti |first1=Mark |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |title=Defense Firm Said U.S. Spies Backed Its Bid for Pegasus Spyware Maker |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/10/us/politics/defense-firm-said-us-spies-backed-its-bid-for-pegasus-spyware-maker.html |work=The New York Times |date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907213536/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/10/us/politics/defense-firm-said-us-spies-backed-its-bid-for-pegasus-spyware-maker.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Republica Dominican === In 2023, un investigation per [[Amnesty International]] e [[Citizen Lab]] trovava que [[Nuria Piera]], un jornalista del Republica Dominican cognoscite pro su investigationes sur le corruption in le pais, esseva mirate per un actor incognite usante le programmatura spia Pegasus al minus tres vices inter 2020 e 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pegasus discovered on journalist's phone in Dominican Republic |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/dominican-republic-pegasus-spyware-journalists-phone/ |access-date=9 May 2023 |work=Amnesty International |date=2 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=September 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927160207/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/dominican-republic-pegasus-spyware-journalists-phone/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Egypto === Le PM egyptie [[Mostafa Madbouly]] esseva seligite pro un possibile mira per Pegasus – apparentemente per Arabia Saudita.<ref name=":14"/> === El Salvador === In januario 2022, [[El Faro (digital newspaper)|El Faro]], un prominente medio de novas salvadorian, revelava que un majoritate de su personal habeva lor telephonos infiltrate usante Pegasus. Le mira esseva discoperite in un investigation ducite per Citizen Lab e Access Now; le investigation revelava que le jornalistas de altere 13 organisationes de novas salvadorian esseva mirate anque. Inter julio 2020 e novembre 2021, Pegasus esseva deployate sur le telephonos de 22 empleatos de El Faro, includente reporteros, editores, e altere personal. Al momento del mira, El Faro investigava scandalos de corruption governamental, e le tractos clandestine del governamento con le bandas del pais. Le governamento salvadorian negava le responsabilitate pro le espionage, e le Gruppo NSO refusava revelar si le governamento salvadorian esseva un cliente.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abi-Habib |first1=Maria |title=Journalists in El Salvador Targeted With Spyware Intended for Criminals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/12/world/americas/el-salvador-journalists-spyware.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 January 2022 |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314023433/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/12/world/americas/el-salvador-journalists-spyware.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Estonia === Estonia entrava in negotiationes pro procurar Pegasus in 2018, e habeva facite un pagamento initial de $30 milliones pro le instrumento. Estonia sperava usar le instrumento contra telephonos russe (presumibilemente pro colliger intelligentia). Israel initialmente approbava le exportation de Pegasus a Estonia, sed post que un alte official de defensa russe contactava le agentias de defensa israeli e revelava que Russia habeva apprendite del intentiones de Estonia de obtener Pegasus, Israel decideva de non permitter a Estonia usar Pegasus contra omne numero de telephono russe (post un debaite acalorate inter officiales israeli) pro evitar damma al relationes israeli con Russia.<ref name="Bergman & Mazzetti 23-Mar-2022 NYT">{{cite news |last1=Bergman |first1=Ronen |last2=Mazzetti |first2=Mark |title=Israel, Fearing Russian Reaction, Blocked Spyware for Ukraine and Estonia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/23/us/politics/pegasus-israel-ukraine-russia.html |work=The New York Times |date=23 March 2022 |archive-date=April 13, 2022 |access-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413212856/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/23/us/politics/pegasus-israel-ukraine-russia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Estonia ganiava accesso al programmatura spia Pegasus in 2019. Citizen Lab ha discoperite que Estonia ha deployate Pegasus extra su frontieras, contra objectivos in "multe" paises del UE.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=The million-dollar reporter How attackers hijacked the phone of Meduza co-founder Galina Timchenko, making her the first Russian journalist to be infected with Pegasus spyware |url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/09/13/the-million-dollar-reporter |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Meduza |language=en |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914044348/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/09/13/the-million-dollar-reporter |url-status=live }}</ref> === Finlandia === In januario 2022 le [[Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)|Ministerio de Affaires Estrangere de Finlandia]] reportava que plure telephonos de diplomatas finnese habeva essite infectate con le programmatura spia Pegasus.<ref>[https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/28/finnish-diplomats-were-targeted-by-pegasus-spyware-says-foreign-ministry Finnish diplomats were targeted by Pegasus spyware, says foreign ministry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128233356/https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/28/finnish-diplomats-were-targeted-by-pegasus-spyware-says-foreign-ministry |date=January 28, 2022 }}, 28/01/2022, euronews.com</ref> Antti Pelttari, le Director del [[Finnish Security and Intelligence Service|Servicio de Securitate e Intelligentia de Finlandia (Supo)]], declarava que un governamento estranjere esseva multo probabilemente detra le infection.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-30 |title=Finnish diplomats' phones hacked |url=https://yle.fi/a/3-12293846 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=News |language=en |archive-date=December 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214032023/https://yle.fi/a/3-12293846 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Francia === In julio 2021, ''[[Le Monde]]'' reportava que le Presidente de Francia Emmanuel Macron e 14 ministros francese esseva marcate como potential objectivos de Pegasus pro espionage per Marocco; le autoritates maroccan negava le uso de Pegasus e nominava le allegation como "sin fomento e false"<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-23 |title=Pegasus spyware: French President Macron changes phone after hack reports |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57937867 |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=December 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228042722/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57937867 |url-status=live }}</ref> lo que un consortio de jornalistas e Amnesty International ha demonstrate que il ha "elementos technic que proba le escuta".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-18 |title=Pegasus case: complaints filed in France dismissed, Morocco appeals |language=fr-FR |work=RFI |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230218-affaire-pegasus-d%C3%A9bout%C3%A9-des-plaintes-d%C3%A9pos%C3%A9es-en-france-le-maroc-fait-appel |access-date=2023-07-23 |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408223707/https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230218-affaire-pegasus-d%C3%A9bout%C3%A9-des-plaintes-d%C3%A9pos%C3%A9es-en-france-le-maroc-fait-appel |url-status=live }}</ref> === Germania === Pegasus es in uso per le Officio Federal de Policia Criminal de Germania (BKA). BKA acquireva Pegasus in 2019 con "maxime secreto", malgrado le hesitationes de su consilio legal. Le uso de Pegasus per BKA esseva plus tarde revelate per le medios german.<ref>{{cite news |title=German police secretly bought Pegasus spyware |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-police-secretly-bought-nso-pegasus-spyware/a-59113197 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=7 September 2021 |archive-date=January 29, 2022 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129235142/https://www.dw.com/en/german-police-secretly-bought-nso-pegasus-spyware/a-59113197 |url-status=live }}</ref> Fontes del servicios de securitate de Germania ha dicite a jornalistas que le iteration german del programmatura spia Pegasus include salveguardas incorporate pro prevenir le abuso e complir con le leges de privacitate del UE. Tamen, le officiales non ha confirmate o elaborate publicamente sur isto.<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Even in Europe, we are not safe A statement from Meduza editor-in-chief Ivan Kolpakov |url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/09/13/even-in-europe-we-are-not-safe |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Meduza |language=en |archive-date=December 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227095239/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/09/13/even-in-europe-we-are-not-safe |url-status=live }}</ref> In februario 2023, le jornalista russe independente e critico de Putin [[Galina Timchenko]] habeva su iPhone infectate con Pegasus durante que illa se trovava in Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hacking Meduza: Pegasus spyware used to target Putin's critic |url=https://www.accessnow.org/publication/hacking-meduza-pegasus-spyware-used-to-target-putins-critic/ |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Access Now |language=en-US |archive-date=September 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913163300/https://www.accessnow.org/publication/hacking-meduza-pegasus-spyware-used-to-target-putins-critic/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://citizenlab.ca/2023/09/pegasus-infection-of-galina-timchenko-exiled-russian-journalist-and-publisher/ |title=Pegasus Infection of Galina Timchenko, exiled Russian Journalist and Publisher |date=2023-09-13 |publisher=Citizen Lab, University of Toronto |archive-date=September 21, 2023 |access-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921085646/https://citizenlab.ca/2023/09/pegasus-infection-of-galina-timchenko-exiled-russian-journalist-and-publisher/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":15"/> === Hungaria === Le governamento de [[Viktor Orbán]] autorisava le uso de Pegasus per le servicios de intelligentia e de application del lege hungare pro mirar le opponentes politic del governamento.<ref name="Bergman & Mazzetti 23-Mar-2022 NYT"/> Le governamento de Orbán ha essite accusate de usar lo pro spiar membros del medios assi como le opposition hungare.<ref name=":6">{{cite news |title=Hungary admits to using Pegasus spyware – DW – 11/04/2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/hungary-admits-to-using-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware/a-59726217 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=11 April 2021 |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130175228/https://www.dw.com/en/hungary-admits-to-using-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware/a-59726217 |url-status=live }}</ref> Secundo le constatationes publicate in julio 2021, jornalistas e gerentes de holdings de medios sembla haber essite spiate per le governamento hungare con Pegasus.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.compromat.ru/page_44602.htm |title=Европрослушка: Как власти стран ЕС шпионят за оппозицией, прессой, бизнесом и коллегами из других государств |trans-title=Eurowiretapping: How the authorities of the EU countries spy on the opposition, the press, business and colleagues from other states |language=ru |work=Компромат.Ru |date=4 September 2023 |access-date=14 September 2023 |archive-date=14 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914202557/https://www.compromat.ru/page_44602.htm |accessdate=12 March 2026 |archivedate=14 September 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914202557/https://www.compromat.ru/page_44602.htm }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Viktor Orbán accused of using Pegasus to spy on journalists and critics|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/viktor-orban-using-nso-spyware-in-assault-on-media-data-suggests|access-date=2021-07-18|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129110913/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/viktor-orban-using-nso-spyware-in-assault-on-media-data-suggests|url-status=live}}</ref> Numeros de telephono de al minus 10 advocatos, al minus 5 jornalistas, e un politico del opposition esseva includite in un lista filtrate de potential objectivos de vigilantia de Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Viktor Orbán accused of using Pegasus to spy on journalists and critics|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/viktor-orban-using-nso-spyware-in-assault-on-media-data-suggests|access-date=2022-01-30|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=January 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129110913/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/viktor-orban-using-nso-spyware-in-assault-on-media-data-suggests|url-status=live}}</ref> In novembre 2021, [[Lajos Kósa]], chef de un committee parlamentari de defensa e de application del lege, esseva le prime alte official hungare qui recognosceva que le Ministerio del Interior del pais emeva e usava Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-europe-hungary-malware-spyware-ccacf6da9406d38f29f0472ba44800e0 |title=Hungarian official: Government bought, used Pegasus spyware |website=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 4, 2021 |access-date=2021-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108041314/https://apnews.com/article/technology-europe-hungary-malware-spyware-ccacf6da9406d38f29f0472ba44800e0 |archive-date=2021-11-08 }}</ref> Kósa admitteva que Hungaria habeva de facto emite e usate Pegasus, declarante "io non vide nihil de objectionabile in illo [...] grande companias technologic realisa un monitorage multo plus ample de citatanos que le stato hungare face."<ref name=":6"/> ===India=== {{AP|Revelationes del Projecto Pegasus in India|Scandalo de spionage de WhatsApp}} Al fin de 2019, Facebook [[Scandalo de spionage de WhatsApp|initiava un processo]] contra NSO, affirmante que Pegasus habeva essite usate pro intercepter le communicationes de WhatsApp de un numero de activistas, jornalistas, e bureaucratas in India, conducente a accusationes que le governamento indian esseva implicate.<ref name=qz_1739097>{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Ananya|title=What is Pegasus and how did it target Indians on WhatsApp?|url=https://qz.com/india/1739097/what-is-pegasus-and-how-did-it-target-indians-on-whatsapp/|access-date=March 10, 2021|website=Quartz|date=October 31, 2019 |language=en|archive-date=June 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628194309/https://qz.com/india/1739097/what-is-pegasus-and-how-did-it-target-indians-on-whatsapp/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=November 19, 2019|title=Did Indian Govt Buy Pegasus Spyware? Home Ministry's Answer Is Worrying|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/did-indian-govt-buy-pegasus-spyware-home-ministry-answer-is-worrying_in_5dd3bbb1e4b082dae813a058|access-date=March 10, 2021|website=HuffPost|language=en|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015538/https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/did-indian-govt-buy-pegasus-spyware-home-ministry-answer-is-worrying_in_5dd3bbb1e4b082dae813a058|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Activists, Lawyers Were 'Targeted' Using Israeli Spyware Pegasus|url=https://thewire.in/tech/pegasus-spyware-bhima-koregaon-activists-warning-whatsapp|access-date=March 10, 2021|website=The Wire|archive-date=May 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527055057/https://thewire.in/tech/pegasus-spyware-bhima-koregaon-activists-warning-whatsapp|url-status=live}}</ref> 17 individuos includente activistas de derectos human, eruditos, e jornalistas confirmava a un publication indian que illes habeva essite targetate.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-01|title=WhatsApp 'hack' is serious rights violation, say alleged victims|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/nov/01/whatsapp-hack-is-serious-rights-violation-say-alleged-victims|access-date=2022-01-30|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=December 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222212038/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/nov/01/whatsapp-hack-is-serious-rights-violation-say-alleged-victims|url-status=live}}</ref> Numeros de telephono de ministros indian, lideres de opposition, ex-commissarios electoral e jornalistas esseva allegatemente trovate in un base de datos de targetas de piratage de NSO per le Projecto Pegasus in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phones Of Indian Politicians, Journalists Hacked Using Pegasus: 10 Facts On Report|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/40-indian-journalists-targeted-by-pegasus-spyware-their-phones-hacked-report-2489415|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[NDTV]]|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719051833/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/40-indian-journalists-targeted-by-pegasus-spyware-their-phones-hacked-report-2489415|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Pegasus spyware used to 'snoop' on Indian journalists, activists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pegasus-spyware-used-to-snoop-on-indian-journalists-activists/article61439568.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 July 2021 |language=en-IN |archive-date=September 12, 2024 |access-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912173710/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pegasus-spyware-used-to-snoop-on-indian-journalists-activists/article61439568.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-19|title=Phones of 2 Ministers, 3 Opp leaders among many targeted for surveillance: report|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/project-pegasus-phones-of-2-ministers-3-opp-leaders-among-many-targeted-for-surveillance-report-7411027/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719051833/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/project-pegasus-phones-of-2-ministers-3-opp-leaders-among-many-targeted-for-surveillance-report-7411027/|url-status=live}}</ref> Numeros de telephono de activistas de [[Koregaon Bhima]] qui habeva datos compromittente implantate in lor computatores via un piratage esseva trovate in un lista de numeros de telephono de vigilantia de Pegasus.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/20/indian-activists-surveillance/ Indian activists jailed on terrorism charges were on list with surveillance targets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206003350/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/20/indian-activists-surveillance/ |date=December 6, 2021 }}, ''The Washington Post'', Joanna Slater and Niha Masih, July 20, 2021. Recuperate le 20 de julio 2021.</ref> Analyse forense digital independente conducite sur 10 telephonos indian cuje numeros esseva presente in le datos monstrava signos de o un tentativa o un piratage succedite de Pegasus. Le resultatos del analyse forense revelava correlationes sequential inter le hora e le data in que un numero de telephono es introducite in le lista e le initio del vigilantia. Le intervallo generalmente varia inter alicun minutas e un par de horas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Snoop List Has 40 Indian Journalists, Forensic Tests Confirm Presence of Pegasus Spyware on Some|url=https://thewire.in/media/pegasus-project-spyware-indian-journalists|access-date=2021-07-21|website=thewire.in|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721102652/https://thewire.in/media/pegasus-project-spyware-indian-journalists|url-status=live}}</ref> Dece-un numeros de telephono associate con un empleata del [[Corte Supreme de India]] e su familia immediate, qui accusava le ancian Chef de Justitia de India, [[Ranjan Gogoi]], de harrassamento sexual, esseva anque allegatemente trovate in un base de datos indicante le possibilitate que lor telephonos habeva essite spionate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-20|title=Eleven phones targeted: Of woman who accused ex-CJI of harassment, kin|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/pegasus-project-eleven-phones-targeted-of-woman-who-accused-ex-cji-of-harassment-kin-7412678/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721093715/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/pegasus-project-eleven-phones-targeted-of-woman-who-accused-ex-cji-of-harassment-kin-7412678/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Days After Accusing CJI Gogoi of Sexual Harassment, Staffer Put on List of Potential Snoop Targets|url=https://thewire.in/rights/ranjan-gogoi-sexual-harassment-pegasus-spyware|access-date=2021-07-21|website=thewire.in|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721093715/https://thewire.in/rights/ranjan-gogoi-sexual-harassment-pegasus-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> Registros anque indica que numeros de telephono de alicun del principal actores politic in [[Karnataka]] sembla haber essite seligite circa le tempore quando un intense lucta de poter occurreva inter le Partito Bharatiya Janata e le governamento del stato ducite per le coalition Janata Dal (Secular)-Congresso in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leaked Snoop List Suggests Surveillance May Have Played Role in Toppling of Karnataka Govt in 2019|url=https://thewire.in/politics/karnataka-government-toppling-pegasus-spyware-surveillance|access-date=2021-07-21|website=thewire.in|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721100155/https://thewire.in/politics/karnataka-government-toppling-pegasus-spyware-surveillance|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Key Cong-JDS leaders were 'possible targets' of Pegasus spyware during 2019 crisis: report |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/key-cong-jds-leaders-were-possible-targets-of-pegasus-spyware-during-2019-crisis-report/article61439595.ece |work=The Hindu |date=20 July 2021 |language=en-IN |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |access-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124120033/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/key-cong-jds-leaders-were-possible-targets-of-pegasus-spyware-during-2019-crisis-report/article61439595.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> In octobre 2023, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] advertisava jornalistas indian e politicos de opposition que illes poterea haber essite targetas de attaccos patrocinate per le stato usante le software spion Pegasus. Un investigation de [[The Washington Post|Washington Post]] discoperiva que officiales del governamento indian pressava Apple pro revocar le advertimentos. Apple, in su loco, inviava e-mails dicente que le advertimentos poterea haber essite un falsa alarma e demandava al medios de communication mentionar le mesme in lor articulos, durante que officiales del governamento diceva al medios que illo poterea haber essite un "malfunction algorithmic". Le [[Ministerio de Commercio e Industria (India)|Ministro de Commercio]] [[Piyush Goyal]] diceva que le advertimentos esseva un "farsa" per Apple. Un consiliero del governamento, [[Sanjeev Sanyal]], allegava que le advertimentos esseva parte de un conspiration implicante [[Access Now]], [[George Soros]], Apple e politicos de opposition pro accusar falsemente le governamento de piratage.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-28 |title=India targets Apple over its phone hacking notifications |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/27/india-apple-iphone-hacking/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en |archive-date=January 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105154231/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/27/india-apple-iphone-hacking/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Iraq === Le telephono del Presidente iraqi [[Barham Salih]] esseva trovate in un lista de targetas potential de vigilantia de Pegasus (tamen, le targetage real – tentate o succedite – non poteva esser determinate).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-20 |title=Iraqi president on list for potential Pegasus surveillance – Washington Post |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraqi-president-list-potential-pegasus-surveillance-washington-post-2021-07-20/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=July 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731064529/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraqi-president-list-potential-pegasus-surveillance-washington-post-2021-07-20/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Le targetage de Salih semblava haber essite ligate a Arabia Saudita e le Emiratos Arabe Unite.<ref name=":14"/> ===Israel=== '''Uso per le policia israeli''' In januario 2022, on reportava que Pegasus esseva usate illegalmente per le [[Policia de Israel|Policia Israeli]] pro monitorar citatanos assi como de nationes estranier qui esseva accidentalmente o intentionalmente infectate per le software.<ref name="ctech">{{cite web|url=https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3927410,00.html|title=Israel police uses NSO's Pegasus to spy on citizens|website=CalcalistTech|date=January 18, 2022|access-date=January 19, 2022|archive-date=January 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119185100/https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3927410,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Le vigilantia esseva ordinate per officieros de policia de alte rango, e esseva realisate sin mandatos o supervision judicial.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Ganon|first=Tomer|date=2022-01-18|title=Israel police uses NSO's Pegasus to spy on citizens|url=https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3927410,00.html|access-date=2022-02-01|website=CTECH - www.calcalistech.com|archive-date=January 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119185100/https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3927410,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Le base legal pro le uso de software spion contra citatanos es disputate.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cahane|first=Amir|date=January 27, 2022|title=Israeli Police: From Warrantless Cellphone Searches to Controversial Misuse of Spyware|url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/israeli-police-warrantless-cellphone-searches-controversial-misuse-spyware|website=Lawfare|access-date=February 3, 2022|archive-date=July 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731064533/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/israeli-police-warrantless-cellphone-searches-controversial-misuse-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> Le policia habeva allegatemente targetate civiles non suspecte de necun crimine, includente organisatores de protestos contra le governamento, burgomaistros, activistas contra paradas LGBT, empleatos de companias de proprietate governamental, un socio de un politico de alte rango,<ref name=":11" /> e ancian empleatos del governamento.<ref name=":10"/> In un caso, on allegava que le policia targetava un activista qui non esseva suspecte de un crimine, allegatemente pro colliger information sur le affaires extramatrimonial del activista e usate lo como pression.<ref name=":11">[https://www.timesofisrael.com/police-targeted-activist-with-nso-software-saved-info-on-his-sex-life-report/ "Police targeted activist with NSO software, saved info on his sex life — report."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128173849/https://www.timesofisrael.com/police-targeted-activist-with-nso-software-saved-info-on-his-sex-life-report/ |date=January 28, 2022 }} ''[[The Times of Israel]]'', 20 de januario 2022.</ref> In alicun casos, Pegasus esseva usate pro obtener information non ligate a un investigation in curso pro esser usate plus tarde pro pressar le subjecto de un investigation. In alicun casos, le policia usava Pegasus pro obtener information incriminante de apparatos de suspectos, e postea celava le fonte del information incriminante affirmante que illo exponerea activos de intelligentia.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bachner|first=Michael|title=Israel Police accused of using NSO spyware on civilians for years without oversight|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-police-accused-of-using-nso-spyware-on-civilians-for-years-without-oversight/|access-date=2022-02-01|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201035621/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-police-accused-of-using-nso-spyware-on-civilians-for-years-without-oversight/|url-status=live }}</ref> Ben que le Policia Israeli negava formalmente le allegationes in le reporto, alicun alte officiales de policia ha insinuat que le pretensiones esseva ver.<ref>[https://www.calcalist.co.il/calcalistech/article/b1ou00kitf "What does the Israeli Police really say when it denies the Calcalist investigation?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128045507/https://www.calcalist.co.il/calcalistech/article/b1ou00kitf |date=January 28, 2022 }} (Hebreo). ''[[Calcalist]]'', 20 de januario 2022.</ref> Le reporto duceeva al annuncio de un numero de investigationes parallel sur le conducta del policia,<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/tech-and-start-ups/article-693943 "Gideon Sa'ar: Reports about NSO, police must be checked."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120122043/https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/tech-and-start-ups/article-693943 |date=January 20, 2022 }} ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', 19 de januario 2022.</ref> con alicun officiales demandante un [[Inquesta public|Commission de inquesta]].<ref name="ynet.co.il">[https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/b122whotf "'To form a Commission of inquiry to review the police and NSO affair. An internal probe will not be enough'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121222815/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/b122whotf |date=January 21, 2022 }} (Hebreo). ''[[Ynet]]'', 21 de januario 2022.</ref> Ben que le [[Procurator General de Israel|Procurator General]] lanceava un investigation interne sur le allegationes,<ref>{{cite web | title=Attorney general opens investigation into police use of NSO spyware against Israelis | website=The Times of Israel | date=2022-01-20 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/attorney-general-opens-investigation-into-police-use-of-nso-spyware-against-israelis/ | access-date=February 3, 2022 | archive-date=February 3, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203045632/https://www.timesofisrael.com/attorney-general-opens-investigation-into-police-use-of-nso-spyware-against-israelis/ | url-status=live }}</ref> le Consilio de Protection de Privacia (que consilia le Ministro de Justitia),<ref>[https://www.gov.il/he/departments/units/privacy_protection_council]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128094355/https://www.gov.il/he/departments/units/privacy_protection_council|date=January 28, 2022}} — entrata in le sito web del Ministerio de Justitia (Hebreo).</ref> demandava que un commission de inquesta de stato sia create.<ref name="ynet.co.il"/> Le 1 de februario, le policia admitteva que habeva, de facto, un mal uso del software.<ref>[https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/sjxiisirf "The police zig-zags on the NSO affair: 'evidence was discovered that changes things'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201154519/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/sjxiisirf |date=February 1, 2022 }} (Hebreo). ''[[Ynet]]''. 1 de februario 2022.</ref> Le 7 de februario, le ampletude del vigilantia sin mandato esseva ulteriormente revelate includente politicos e officiales del governamento, capites de corporationes, jornalistas, activistas, e mesmo Avner Netanyahu, le filio del tunc Prime Ministro, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]. Isto ha ducite a nove appellos pro un inquesta public, includente del proprie commissario de policia actual [[Kobi Shabtai]] (nominate in januario 2021), assi como del [[Ministerio del Interior (Israel)|Ministra del Interior]], [[Ayelet Shaked]] e alteres.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministry-heads-netanyahu-associates-activists-said-targeted-by-police-with-spyware/ "Ministry heads, Netanyahu associates, activists said targeted by police with spyware."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207091654/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministry-heads-netanyahu-associates-activists-said-targeted-by-police-with-spyware/ |date=February 7, 2022 }} ''[[The Times of Israel]]'', 7 de februario 2022.</ref> Plus tarde in le die, le [[Ministerio de Securitate Public (Israel)|Ministro de Securitate Public]] (le ministro responsabile pro le policia), [[Omer Bar-Lev]], annunciava que ille formarea un commission de inquesta, que essera presidite per un judice retirate. Bar-Lev sublineava que iste commission recipera essentialmente tote le poteres de un commission de stato (cujus formation require le appoio total del cabinete), includente le autoritate de citar testes, "sin importar le rango," cuje testimonio pote esser usate in futur prosecutiones.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/police-minister-establishes-commission-to-probe-explosive-nso-spying-claims/ "Police minister establishes commission to probe explosive NSO spying claims."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207120757/https://www.timesofisrael.com/police-minister-establishes-commission-to-probe-explosive-nso-spying-claims/ |date=February 7, 2022 }} ''[[The Times of Israel]]'', 7 de februario 2022.</ref> Malgrado isto, le appellos pro un commission de stato persisteva de parte de plure ex-chefes de ministerio qui esseva targetate. Le die sequente, le [[Controlator del Stato de Israel|Controlator del Stato]] [[Matanyahu Englman]], nominante le crise un "calpestamento del valores de democratia e privacia," diceva que le investigation lanceate per su officio essera anque extense, addente que illo non solmente includera le policia, sed anque le [[Ministerio de Justitia (Israel)|Ministerio de Justitia]] e le [[Procuratura del Stato (Israel)|Officio del Procurator del Stato]].<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/ex-ministry-chiefs-demand-state-commission-to-probe-police-wiretap-allegations/ "Ex-ministry chiefs demand state commission to probe police wiretap claims."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208130035/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ex-ministry-chiefs-demand-state-commission-to-probe-police-wiretap-allegations/ |date=February 8, 2022 }} ''[[The Times of Israel]]'', 8 de februario 2022.</ref> In septembre 2023, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] emitteva un reparo de software de emergentia post que illo esseva avertite que le Gruppo NSO de Israel habeva injectate su software spion Pegasus remotemente e furtivemente in iPhones e iPads.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Mehul |date=2023-09-08 |title=Apple issues emergency patch after Pegasus spyware breach |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a0e75b32-8f95-4869-af94-e5f44f0f7961 |access-date=2023-09-08 |archive-date=November 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107062611/https://www.ft.com/content/a0e75b32-8f95-4869-af94-e5f44f0f7961 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Jordania === Inter augusto 2019 e decembre 2021, telephonos Apple de quatro activistas de derectos human, advocatos e jornalistas jordanian esseva piratate per un cliente governamental de NSO (apparentemente agentias del governamento jordanian). Le governamento jordanian negava su implication.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-05 |title=Victim's iPhone hacked by Pegasus spyware weeks after Apple sued NSO |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/05/apple-iphone-pegasus-spyware-nso-group-israel-jordan |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208045711/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/05/apple-iphone-pegasus-spyware-nso-group-israel-jordan |url-status=live }}</ref> In januario 2022, on revelava que le telephono del advocata e activista jordanian Hala Ahed Deeb esseva targetate con Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-17 |title=Two female activists in Bahrain and Jordan hacked with NSO spyware |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jan/17/two-female-activists-in-bahrain-and-jordan-hacked-with-nso-spyware |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124075133/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jan/17/two-female-activists-in-bahrain-and-jordan-hacked-with-nso-spyware |url-status=live }}</ref> In februario 2024, un reporto publicate per le gruppo de derectos digital Access Now revelava que le telephonos de plus de 30 personas in Jordania, includente jornalistas, advocatos e activistas, habeva lor telephonos infectate con Pegasus inter 2020 e 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Pegasus spyware crushes civic space in Jordan |url=https://www.accessnow.org/publication/between-a-hack-and-a-hard-place-how-pegasus-spyware-crushes-civic-space-in-jordan/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Access Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Journalists, activists targeted in Jordan with Israeli-made Pegasus spyware |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/1/journalists-activists-targeted-in-jordan-with-israeli-made-pegasus-spyware |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=September 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908114641/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/1/journalists-activists-targeted-in-jordan-with-israeli-made-pegasus-spyware |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Kazakhstan=== Activistas in [[Kazakhstan]] esseva targetate,<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57881364 Pegasus: Spyware sold to governments 'targets activists'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57881364 |date=January 2, 2020 }}, 19 de julio 2021, [[BBC]]</ref> in addition a officiales de prime nivello, como [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]], [[Askar Mamin]] e [[Bakytzhan Sagintayev]]. Inter le 2000 numeros kazakh targetate esseva le critica del governamento Bakhytzhan Toregozhina, assi como le jornalistas Serikzhan Mauletbay e Bigeldy Gabdullin.<ref>[https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-activists-tracked-by-pegasus-angered-but-not-surprised Kazakhstan: Activists tracked by Pegasus angered but not surprised] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121232724/https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-activists-tracked-by-pegasus-angered-but-not-surprised |date=January 21, 2022 }}, Almaz Kumenov 21 de julio 2021 [[eurasianet.org]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdn.occrp.org/projects/project-p|title=Who's on the List? – The Pegasus Project|website=OCCRP|access-date=January 21, 2022|archive-date=January 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108105206/https://cdn.occrp.org/projects/project-p/|url-status=live}}</ref> Le majoritate de iste victimas esseva implicate in un movimento juvenil civic [[Oyan, Qazaqstan]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-09|title=Kazakhstan: Four activists' mobile devices infected with Pegasus Spyware|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/12/kazakhstan-four-activists-mobile-devices-infected-with-pegasus-spyware/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Amnesty International|language=en|archive-date=January 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127114524/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/12/kazakhstan-four-activists-mobile-devices-infected-with-pegasus-spyware/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Lettonia === Citizen Lab notava prime le uso de Pegasus in Lettonia in 2018; Citizen Lab crede que Pegasus es ancora usate per Lettonia a partir de 2023.<ref name=":15"/> In februario 2023, le iPhone de [[Galina Timchenko]], jornalista russe e co-fundatrice del publication de novas russe basate in Lettonia ''[[Meduza]]'', esseva infectate con Pegasus. Timchenko recipeva un notification sur un attacco patrocinate per le stato contra su apparato de parte de Apple, con expertos de Citizen Lab e Access Now confirmante posteriormente que le apparato habeva de facto essite compromittite con Pegasus, con le attaccante habente obtenite accesso total al apparato. Le attacco occurreva le die ante un conferentia de medios russe independente exiliate in Berlin al qual Timchenko assisteva; su telephono poterea haber essite usate pro ascultar le conversationes del jornalistas durante le conferentia. Iste attacco es le prime instantia confirmate de Pegasus essente usate contra un jornalista russe. Il non es clar qual stato realisava le attacco: un agentia de intelligentia europee poterea anque haber cercate surveillar prominente expatriatos russe, e ben que le Gruppo NSO non exporta Pegasus a Russia, un tertie pais poterea anque haber realisate le attacco a petition de Russia. Timchenko esseva in Germania durante le attacco sed habeva un telephono con un carta SIM letton.<ref name=":15"/> ''[[The Guardian]]'' posteriormente constatava que tres altere jornalistas expatriate russe con numeros de telephono letton anque recipeva notificationes sur attaccos patrocinate per le stato contra lor apparatos de parte de Apple (assi como un additional jornalista russe con un numero de telephono non letton).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirchgaessner |first=Stephanie |date=2023-09-25 |title=Russian news outlet in Latvia believes European state behind phone hack |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/25/latvia-russia-meduza-phone-hack-galina-timchenko |access-date=2023-09-25 }}</ref> === Mexico === Secundo le ''New York Times'', Mexico ha essite "le prime e le plus prolific usator de Pegasus".<ref name=":16">{{Cite news |last1=Kitroeff |first1=Natalie |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |date=2023-04-18 |title=How Mexico Became the Biggest User of the World's Most Notorious Spy Tool |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/world/americas/pegasus-spyware-mexico.html |access-date=2023-09-14 |archive-date=December 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227234039/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/world/americas/pegasus-spyware-mexico.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mexico in 2011 deveniva le prime pais a emer Pegasus,<ref name=":7">{{cite news |title=Pegasus spyware: Mexico one of the biggest targets – DW – 07/22/2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/pegasus-spyware-mexico-one-of-the-biggest-targets/a-58597847 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=22 July 2021 |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130150840/https://www.dw.com/en/pegasus-spyware-mexico-one-of-the-biggest-targets/a-58597847 |url-status=live }}</ref> vidente lo como un nove instrumento in le lucta del pais contra le carteles de droga. Le autoritates mexican anque cercava cultivar capacitates de intelligentia autonome, habente essite usque tunc multo dependente del Statos Unite pro le capacitates de collection de intelligentia.<ref name=":16" /> Versiones antique de Pegasus esseva usate pro surveliar le telephono de Joaquín Guzmán, cognoscite como [[El Chapo]]. In 2011, le presidente mexican [[Felipe Calderón]] haberea appellate NSO pro merciar le compania pro su rolo in le captura de Guzmán.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bergman, Ronen|author-link=Bergman, Ronen|date=January 10, 2019|title=Exclusive: How Mexican drug baron El Chapo was brought down by technology made in Israel|language=en|website=[[Ynetnews]]|publisher=[[Ynet]]|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5444330,00.html|access-date=May 15, 2019|archive-date=July 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725160412/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5444330,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Bergman, Ronen|date=January 11, 2019|title=Weaving a cyber web|language=en|website=Ynetnews|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5444998,00.html|access-date=May 15, 2019|archive-date=July 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727003214/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5444998,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In pauc annos, le autoritates comenciava a usar Pegasus pro visar le societate civil (incluse defensores de derectos human, activistas contra le corruption, e jornalistas).<ref name=":16" /> Quando un lista de 50.000 numeros de telephono de potential objectivos de surveliantia de Pegasus (seligite per governamentos clientes individual) esseva filtrate in 2021, un tertio de illos esseva mexican.<ref name=":7" /> Le presidente [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] (qui prendeva possession in 2018) habeva promittite de cessar le uso del software spia per le autoritates mexican; nonobstante, reportos de uso e abuso de Pegasus ha continuate durante su presidentia (incluse un politico del opposition). Post reformas del policia federal e del agentia de intelligentia per le governamento de Obrador, le armea mexican deveniva le unic usator de Pegasus in 2019. Le fortias armate mexican ha essite un usator prolific de Pegasus.<ref name=":16" /> Le fortias armate mexican ha assumite un rolo cata vice plus prominente durante le presidentia de Obrador, e pote haber devenite un centro de poter independente capace de spiar autonomemente detractores e criticos civil, con le governamento impotente pro reprimer su abusos.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Spying by Mexico's Armed Forces Brings Fears of a 'Military State' |work=The New York Times |date=March 7, 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/07/world/americas/mexico-military-surveillance.html |last1=Kitroeff |first1=Natalie |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |archive-date=June 6, 2023 |access-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606165726/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/07/world/americas/mexico-military-surveillance.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":18" /> Le armea arrivava usque a visar [[Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez|Alejandro Encinas]], le subsecretario del pais pro derectos human (e un alliato proxime del presidente Obrador), un critico prominente del armea qui investigava abusos de derectos human committite per le armea mexican al momento del attacco, assi como altere officiales del governamento implicate in iste enqueta.<ref name=":18">{{Cite news |title=He Was Investigating Mexico's Military. Then the Spying Began. |work=The New York Times |date=May 22, 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/22/world/americas/mexico-spying-pegasus-israel.html |last1=Kitroeff |first1=Natalie |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |access-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605130552/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/22/world/americas/mexico-spying-pegasus-israel.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, le gasto de Mexico in Pegasus habeva totalisate plus de 60 milliones de dollares.<ref name=":16" /> '''Visar scientistas e campaniatores de sanitate''' In 2017, cercatores de Citizen Lab revelava que ligamines de exploit de NSO pote haber essite inviate a scientistas e campaniatores de sanitate publica mexican.<ref name="bitter-sweet">{{cite journal|last1=Scott-Railton|first1=John|last2=Marczak|first2=Bill|last3=Guarnieri|first3=Claudio|last4=Crete-Nishihata|first4=Masashi|date=February 11, 2017|title=Bitter Sweet: Supporters of Mexico's Soda Tax Targeted With NSO Exploit Links|url=https://citizenlab.org/2017/02/bittersweet-nso-mexico-spyware/|access-date=2017-03-25|website=[[Citizen Lab]]|archive-date=May 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531191658/https://citizenlab.org/2017/02/bittersweet-nso-mexico-spyware/|url-status=live}}</ref> Le objectivos supportava mesuras pro reducer le obesitate infantil, incluse le "Taxa sur Soda" de Mexico.<ref name="bitter-sweet"/> '''Sequestro de massa in Iguala in 2014''' In julio 2017, le equipa international assemblate pro investigar le [[Sequestro de massa in Iguala in 2014]] se plangeva publicamente que illes pensava que illes esseva surveliate per le governamento mexican.<ref name="Ahmed 10-Jul-2017 NYT">{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Azam |title=Spyware in Mexico Targeted Investigators Seeking Students |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/10/world/americas/mexico-missing-students-pegasus-spyware.html |work=The New York Times |date=10 July 2017 |archive-date=August 15, 2019 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815020941/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/10/world/americas/mexico-missing-students-pegasus-spyware.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Illes declarava que le governamento mexican usava Pegasus pro inviar les messages re casas funebre que contineva ligamines que, quando on cliccava sur illos, kpermitteva al governamento ascultar surreptiemente le investigadores.<ref name="Ahmed 10-Jul-2017 NYT"/> Le governamento mexican ha negante repetidamente omne haccage non autorisate.<ref name="Ahmed 10-Jul-2017 NYT"/> In 2023, on revelava que le intelligentia del Armea Mexican usava Pegasus pro monitorar membros del cartel [[Guerreros Unidos]] e officiales de policia in le area al momento del sequestro, capturante un chef de cartel e le commandante de policia discutente ubi portar le studentes ille nocte. Le Armea habeva soldatos in le stratas e un battallon local habeva un informator infiltrate con le studentes. Communicationes interceptate dies a post revelava duo suspectos parlante re liberar studentes, indicante que illes poterea ancora esser vive. Malgrado isto, le militares nunquam compartiva iste information con le officiales qui cercava le studentes, e il non ha evidentia que suggere que illes tentava un rascate.<ref name="NYTimesIgualaStudents">{{cite news |title=Why Did a Drug Gang Kill 43 Students? Text Messages Hold Clues. |work=The New York Times |date=September 2, 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/02/world/americas/mexico-iguala-students-kidnapping.html |access-date=2 September 2023 |last1=Kitroeff |first1=Natalie |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |archive-date=September 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911135630/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/02/world/americas/mexico-iguala-students-kidnapping.html |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Assassinato del jornalista Cecilio Pineda Birto''' Cecilio Pineda Birto, un jornalista freelance mexican, esseva assassinate per sicarios durante que ille reposava in un hamaca juxta un lavatorio de autos. Birto habeva reportate sur le ligamines inter politicos local e organisationes criminal, e habeva recipite menacias de morte anonyme durante le septimanas precedente le assassinato; approximatemente al mesme tempore, su numero de telephono esseva seligite como un potential objectivo pro surveliantia de Pegasus per un cliente mexican de Pegasus. Le software spia Pegasus pote haber essite usate pro determinar le location de Birto pro exequer le attacco per geolocalisar su telephono; le disployamento de Pegasus in su telephono, totevia, non poteva esser confirmate proque su telephono dispariva del scena del crimine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-18|title=Revealed: murdered journalist's number selected by Mexican NSO client|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/revealed-murdered-journalist-number-selected-mexico-nso-client-cecilio-pineda-birto|access-date=2022-01-30|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719112007/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/18/revealed-murdered-journalist-number-selected-mexico-nso-client-cecilio-pineda-birto|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Visar le candidato presidential Obrador''' In le periodo previe al election presidential mexican de 2018, dozena de socios proxime del candidato presidential Andrés Manuel López Obrador (qui esseva posteriormente elegite) esseva seligite como potential objectivos. Le objectivos potential includeva membros proxime de su familia, su cardiologo, e membros de su circulo intime personal e politic. Registrationes del conversationes de Obrador con su familia e collegas de partito esseva posteriormente filtrate al publico in un tentativa de disturbar su campania electoral.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web| last1=Jones | first1=Pete | last2=Abramov | first2=Vyacheslav | last3=Patrucic | first3=Miranda|title=World Leaders on Pegasus List Include France's President Macron, Morocco's King Mohammed, Kazakhstan's President |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/the-pegasus-project/world-leaders-on-pegasus-list-include-frances-president-macron-moroccos-king-mohammed-kazakhstans-president-tokayev |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=OCCRP |language=en |archive-date=July 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715233148/https://www.occrp.org/en/the-pegasus-project/world-leaders-on-pegasus-list-include-frances-president-macron-moroccos-king-mohammed-kazakhstans-president-tokayev |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Uso per carteles de droga mexican''' Pegasus ha essite usate per carteles de droga e actores governamental ligate a carteles pro visar e intimidar jornalistas mexican.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title='It's a free-for-all': how hi-tech spyware ends up in the hands of Mexico's cartels|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/07/mexico-cartels-drugs-spying-corruption|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|access-date=January 30, 2022|archive-date=February 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224014534/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/07/mexico-cartels-drugs-spying-corruption|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Altere''' Le vidua de un famose jornalista mexican assassinate esseva le objectivo de un tentativa de attacco de Pegasus 10 dies post que su sposo esseva assassinate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-20|title=Report: Slain Mexican journalist's widow targeted by spyware|url=https://apnews.com/article/96ac1993609b4e9d9bbfd3cae60e5153|access-date=2022-01-30|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=January 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130150840/https://apnews.com/article/96ac1993609b4e9d9bbfd3cae60e5153|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Marocco=== In 2019, duo campaniatores pro-democratic moroccan esseva notificate per WhatsApp que lor telephonos habeva essite compromittite con Pegasus.<ref name=":1"/> In junio 2020, un investigation per [[Amnestia International]] allegava que le jornalista moroccan [[Omar Radi]] esseva visate per le governamento moroccan usante le software spia israelian Pegasus. Le gruppo de derectos human affirmava que le jornalista esseva visate tres vices e spiate post que su dispositivo esseva infectate con un instrumento de NSO. Intertanto, Amnestia etiam affirmava que le attacco occurreva post que le gruppo NSO actualisava su politica in septembre 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|date=21 June 2020|title=Israeli spyware used to target Moroccan journalist, Amnesty claims|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jun/21/journalist-says-he-was-targeted-by-spyware-from-firm-despite-its-human-rights-policy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730195225/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jun/21/journalist-says-he-was-targeted-by-spyware-from-firm-despite-its-human-rights-policy|archive-date=30 July 2020|access-date=21 June 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> In julio 2021, on revelava que le Prime Ministro moroccan Saad Eddine el-Othamani e le Rege moroccan Mohammed VI esseva seligite pro esser visate – apparentemente per actores del stato moroccan mesme.<ref name=":14"/> Secundo revelationes de julio 2021, Marocco habeva visate plus de 6.000 telephonos algerian, incluse illos de politicos e officiales militar de alte rango, con le software spia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cheref|first=Abdelkader|date=2021-07-29|title=Is Morocco's cyber espionage the last straw for Algeria?|work=The New Arab |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/analysis/moroccos-cyber-espionage-last-straw-algeria|access-date=2021-09-18|language=en|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001195011/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/analysis/moroccos-cyber-espionage-last-straw-algeria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pegasus: From its own king to Algeria, the infinite reach of Morocco's intelligence services|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/pegasus-morocco-king-macron-targeted-intelligence-reach|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Middle East Eye|language=en|archive-date=September 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918150858/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/pegasus-morocco-king-macron-targeted-intelligence-reach|url-status=live}}</ref> Le governamento algerian posteriormente rumpeva relationes diplomatic con Marocco in augusto 2021, citante le allegate disployamento moroccan de Pegasus contra officiales algerian como un del "actiones hostile" que motivava le decision.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Hamid Ould |date=2021-08-25 |title=Algeria cuts diplomatic relations with Morocco |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/algeria-says-cutting-diplomatic-ties-with-morocco-2021-08-24/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=September 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907051009/https://www.reuters.com/world/algeria-says-cutting-diplomatic-ties-with-morocco-2021-08-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Pais Basse=== Le Pais Basse es un usator suspecte de Pegasus.<ref name=":15" /> Le software spia Pegasus esseva usate pro spiar [[Ridouan Taghi]], un criminal de alto profilo. Post le [[Assassinato de Derk Wiersum|assassinato del advocato Derk Wiersum]], on demandava al [[Servicio General de Intelligentia e Securitate|Servicio General de Intelligentia e Securitate (AIVD)]] nederlandese adjutar con le processo de capturar Ridouan Taghi.<ref>{{cite news |title=AIVD gebruikt omstreden Israëlische hacksoftware, ook voor hacken Ridouan Taghi |trans-title=AIVD uses controversial Israeli hacking software, also for hacking Ridouan Taghi |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2431129-aivd-gebruikt-omstreden-israelische-hacksoftware-ook-voor-hacken-ridouan-taghi |work=NOS Nieuws |date=2 June 2022 |language=nl |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |access-date=June 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621105513/https://nos.nl/artikel/2431129-aivd-gebruikt-omstreden-israelische-hacksoftware-ook-voor-hacken-ridouan-taghi |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Panama=== Le presidente de Panama [[Ricardo Martinelli]] cercava personalmente obtener instrumentos de ciberespionage post su election in 2009. Post un refusa per le SUA in 2009, Martinelli obteneva con successo tal instrumentos de venditores israelian, exprimente un interesse in acquirer un instrumento capace de haccar telephonos mobile in un reunion private in 2010 con le Prime Ministro israelian Netanyahu. In 2012, systemas de NSO esseva installate in le Citate de Panama. Le equipamento esseva posteriormente usate amplemente pro spionage domestic e estranier illicite, incluse le spionage de opponentes politic, magistratos, bchefes de syndicatos, e competitores commercial, con Martinelli allegatemente arrivante usque a ordinar le surveliantia de su amante usante Pegasus.<ref name=":17"/> ===Palestina=== Le telephonos mobile de sex activistas palestinian esseva haccate usante Pegasus, con alcunos del attaccos occurrente ja in julio 2020, secundo un reporto de [[Front Line Defenders]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kirchgaessner |first1=Stephanie |last2=Safi |first2=Michael |date=November 8, 2021 |title=Palestinian activists' mobile phones hacked using NSO spyware, says report |language=en-UK |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/08/palestinian-activists-mobile-phones-hacked-by-nso-says-report |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108103551/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/08/palestinian-activists-mobile-phones-hacked-by-nso-says-report |url-status=live }}</ref> Salah Hammouri, un defensor de derectos human franco-palestinian e un del sex victimas del attacco de Pegasus, ha presentate un demanda contra NSO in Francia, accusante le compania de un violation del derectos de privacitate.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> ===Polonia=== Licentias de Pegasus esseva concordate inter [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] e [[Beata Szydło]] in julio 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bartkiewicz|first=Artur|date=2022-01-03|title="Gazeta Wyborcza": Jak kupowano Pegasusa dla CBA|trans-title="Gazeta Wyborcza": How Pegasus Was Bought for the CBA|url=https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19250101-gazeta-wyborcza-jak-kupowano-pegasusa-dla-cba|access-date=2022-01-06|website=Rzeczpospolita|language=pl|archive-date=January 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107180407/https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19250101-gazeta-wyborcza-jak-kupowano-pegasusa-dla-cba|url-status=live}}</ref> Citizen Lab revelava que plure membros de gruppos de opposition politic in [[Polonia]] esseva haccate per le software spia Pegasus, levante questiones alarmante sur le uso del software per le governamento polonese. Un advocato representante gruppos de opposition polonese e un procurator implicate in un caso contra le partito de governamento Lege e Justitia etiam esseva compromittite.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poland admits purchase of Israeli NSO spyware|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-israel-nso-spyware-pegasus-b1988603.html|website=Independent|date=January 7, 2022|access-date=8 January 2022|archive-date=January 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110074212/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-israel-nso-spyware-pegasus-b1988603.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Un investigation posterior per le officio del procurator general revelava que Pegasus esseva usate contra 578 personas de 2017 a 2022, per tres agentias governamental separate: le Officio Central Anticorruption, le Servicio de Contraintelligentia Militar e le Agentia de Securitate Interne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=Poland's prosecutor general says previous government used spyware against hundreds of people |url=https://apnews.com/article/poland-spyware-pegasus-nso-group-israel-413bb3cb27daac011d52b524c6d16160 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=November 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124021924/https://apnews.com/article/poland-spyware-pegasus-nso-group-israel-413bb3cb27daac011d52b524c6d16160 |url-status=live }}</ref> In decembre 2021, Citizen Lab annunciava que Pegasus esseva usate contra le advocato [[Roman Giertych]] e le procurator Ewa Wrzosek, ambes critic del governamento de [[Lege e Justitia (Polonia)|Lege e Justitia]] (PiS), con le telephono de Giertych suffrente 18 intrusiones.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-20|title=AP Exclusive: Polish opposition duo hacked with NSO spyware|url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-poland-hacking-warsaw-8b52e16d1af60f9c324cf9f5099b687e|access-date=2022-01-06|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106230921/https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-poland-hacking-warsaw-8b52e16d1af60f9c324cf9f5099b687e|url-status=live}}</ref> On discoperiva 33 haccages al telephono de [[Krzysztof Brejza]], un [[Senato de Polonia|senator]] del opposition [[Plataforma Civic]] (PO),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brejza inwigilowany Pegasusem. "PiS posłużył się podłymi metodami"|url=https://www.rmf24.pl/polityka/news-brejza-inwigilowany-pegasusem-pis-posluzyl-sie-podlymi-metod,nId,5728185|access-date=2022-01-06|website=RMF FM|language=pl|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106215510/https://www.rmf24.pl/polityka/news-brejza-inwigilowany-pegasusem-pis-posluzyl-sie-podlymi-metod,nId,5728185|url-status=live}}</ref> lo que esseva confirmate per [[Amnestia International]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2022-01-06|title=Rights group verifies Polish senator was hacked with spyware|url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-canada-elections-europe-908b0dea290ca6be1894b89f784eac60|access-date=2022-01-06|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106215507/https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-canada-elections-europe-908b0dea290ca6be1894b89f784eac60|url-status=live}}</ref> In le periodo previe al electiones del [[Electiones al Parlamento Europee de 2019|Parlamento Europee de 2019]] e [[Electiones parlamentari polonese de 2019|parlamentari polonese]], le messages de texto de Brejza esseva furate durante que ille dirigeva le campania del partitos de opposition. Le textos esseva manipulate per medios de communication controlate per le stato, notabilmente [[Telewizja Polska|TVP]], e usate in un [[campania de diffamation]] contra le opposition.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-23|title=AP Exclusive: Polish opposition senator hacked with spyware|url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-middle-east-elections-europe-c16b2b811e482db8fbc0bbc37c00c5ab|access-date=2022-01-06|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=January 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107143919/https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-middle-east-elections-europe-c16b2b811e482db8fbc0bbc37c00c5ab|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-05|title='Polish Watergate': Warsaw accused of using Pegasus to spy on rivals|url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/05/polish-watergate-tensions-grow-as-polish-government-pushed-to-investigate-spyware-claims|access-date=2022-01-06|website=euronews|language=en|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106215509/https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/05/polish-watergate-tensions-grow-as-polish-government-pushed-to-investigate-spyware-claims|url-status=live}}</ref> Isto motivava le Senato polonese a comenciar un enqueta sur le disployamento del software spia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senacka komisja ds. Pegasusa rozpoczęła prace. Pierwszymi świadkami będą eksperci z Citizen Lab |work=[[Polsat News]] |date=January 13, 2022 |url=https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2022-01-13/senacka-komisja-ds-pegasusa-rozpoczela-prace-pierwszymi-swiadkami-beda-eksperci-z-citizen-lab/|access-date=2022-01-25|language=pl|archive-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125222441/https://www.polsatnews.pl/wiadomosc/2022-01-13/senacka-komisja-ds-pegasusa-rozpoczela-prace-pierwszymi-swiadkami-beda-eksperci-z-citizen-lab/|url-status=live}}</ref> Le 25 de januario 2022, plus victimas esseva confirmate per Citizen Lab, incluse [[Michał Kołodziejczak]] del movimento agrari [[AGROunia|Agrounia]], e Tomasz Szwejgiert, un jornalista e allegate ancian socio del CBA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Lab: Kolejnych dwóch Polaków szpiegowanych Pegasusem|url=https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19323941-citizen-lab-kolejnych-dwoch-polakow-szpiegowanych-pegasusem|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Rzeczpospolita|language=pl|archive-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125222438/https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art19323941-citizen-lab-kolejnych-dwoch-polakow-szpiegowanych-pegasusem|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Citizen Lab: Dwie kolejne osoby inwigilowane Pegasusem|url=https://www.rmf24.pl/polityka/news-citizen-lab-dwie-kolejne-osoby-inwigilowane-pegasusem,nId,5791760|access-date=2022-01-25|website=www.rmf24.pl|language=pl|archive-date=January 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125222441/https://www.rmf24.pl/polityka/news-citizen-lab-dwie-kolejne-osoby-inwigilowane-pegasusem,nId,5791760|url-status=live}}</ref> Secundo le [[Officio Supreme de Controlo (Polonia)|Officio Supreme de Controlo]] (NIK), 544 dispositivos de su empleatos esseva sub surveliantia plus de 7.300 vices; alcunos poterea esser infectate con Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Wroński|first1=Paweł|last2=Tynkowski|first2=Marcin|date=2022-02-07|title=Cyberatak na Najwyższą Izbę Kontroli. "Mamy podejrzenie włamania Pegasusem na three telefony"|trans-title=Cyber attack on the Supreme Audit Office. "We have a suspicion of a Pegasus hacking on three phones"|url=https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,28081346,cyberatak-na-najwyzsza-izbe-kontroli-dzis-poznamy-szczegoly.html?disableRedirects=true|access-date=2022-02-08|website=Gazeta Wyborcza|language=pl|archive-date=February 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208191906/https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,28081346,cyberatak-na-najwyzsza-izbe-kontroli-dzis-poznamy-szczegoly.html?disableRedirects=true|url-status=live}}</ref> In januario 2024, le [[Sejm]] de Polonia, le camera basse de su parlamento, establiva un commission special pro investigar le uso de Pegasus per le PiS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Lower house sets up investigative commission on Pegasus spyware |url=https://www.pap.pl/en/news/lower house-sets-investigative-commission-pegasus-spyware |access-date= |website=[[Polish Press Agency]] |archive-date=September 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910084733/https://www.pap.pl/en/news/lower-house-sets-investigative-commission-pegasus-spyware |url-status=live }}</ref> Comparente ante le commission in martio 2024, le ancian prime ministro [[Jarosław Kaczyński]] testimoniava que "le uso de Pegasus esseva conforme al lege, il non habeva mancos, e in 99% del casos illo esseva usate contra criminales."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scislowska |first=Monika |date=14 March 2024 |title=Former prime minister Kaczyński says Poland needed spyware but he wasn't interested in the details |url=https://apnews.com/article/poland-pegasus-spyware-hacking-investigation-kaczynski-0a2c15954ba2d844d01955386b3d34a0 |access-date= |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en |archive-date=May 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521034905/https://apnews.com/article/poland-pegasus-spyware-hacking-investigation-kaczynski-0a2c15954ba2d844d01955386b3d34a0 |url-status=live }}</ref> Le 31 de januario 2025, le ancian ministro de justitia [[Zbigniew Ziobro]] esseva arrestate sub allegationes de mal uso del software spia Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2025 |title=Polish police arrest ex justice minister over Pegasus spyware allegations |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/polish-police-arrest-ex-justice-minister-over-pegasus-spyware-allegations/3467850 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Minder |first1=Raphael |last2=Sawka |first2=Natalia |date=2025-01-31 |title=Poland arrests former justice minister in deepening political row |url=https://www.ft.com/content/1e37a26b-11ea-4328-becb-5cf533cd2b97 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250131142821/https://www.ft.com/content/1e37a26b-11ea-4328-becb-5cf533cd2b97 |archive-date=2025-01-31 |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> ===Ruanda=== Activistas politic in [[Ruanda]] ha essite visate con Pegasus,<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/aug/03/senior-clergymen-among-activists-targeted-by-spyware|title=WhatsApp spyware attack: senior clergymen in Togo among activists targeted|date=August 3, 2020|website=the Guardian|access-date=April 18, 2022|archive-date=April 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406195432/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/aug/03/senior-clergymen-among-activists-targeted-by-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> incluse le filia<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirchgaessner |first=Stephanie |date=2021-07-19 |title=Hotel Rwanda activist's daughter placed under Pegasus surveillance |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/19/hotel-rwanda-activist-daughter-pegasus-surveillance |access-date=2023-03-20 }}</ref> e le nepote<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kirchgaessner |first1=Stephanie |last2=Taylor |first2=Diane |date=2022-07-18 |title=Nephew of jailed Hotel Rwanda dissident hacked by NSO spyware |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/18/nephew-of-jailed-hotel-rwanda-dissident-hacked-by-nso-spyware |access-date=2023-03-20 }}</ref> de [[Paul Rusesabagina]]. ===Arabia Saudita=== In decembre 2020, on reportava que [[Arabia Saudita]] e le [[Emiratos Arabe Unite]] disployava un exploit de Pegasus de "zero-clic" in iMessage contra duo reporteros basate in [[London]] e 36 jornalistas del rete de television ''[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'' in [[Qatar]].<ref name=":4">{{cite news|title=Report accuses Saudi Arabia, UAE of probably hacking phones of over three dozen journalists in London, Qatar|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/12/20/saudi-arabia-uae-behind-phone-hacks-more-than-three-dozen-journalists-london-qatar-report-finds/|access-date=20 December 2020|archive-date=December 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218000249/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/12/20/saudi-arabia-uae-behind-phone-hacks-more-than-three-dozen-journalists-london-qatar-report-finds/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite journal|date=December 20, 2020|title=The Great iPwn: Journalists Hacked with Suspected NSO Group iMessage 'Zero-Click' Exploit|url=https://citizenlab.ca/2020/12/the-great-ipwn-journalists-hacked-with-suspected-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit/|access-date=20 December 2020|website=The Citizen Lab|archive-date=January 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130095636/https://citizenlab.ca/2020/12/the-great-ipwn-journalists-hacked-with-suspected-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit/|url-status=live|last1=Marczak |first1=Bill |last2=Scott-Railton |first2=John |last3=Al-Jizawi |first3=Noura |last4=Anstis |first4=Siena |last5=Deibert |first5=Ron }}</ref> '''Jamal Khashoggi''' Pegasus esseva usate per Arabia Saudita pro spiar [[Jamal Khashoggi|Jamal Khashoggi]],<ref name="nytimes_20181202_world">{{cite news |last1=Benner |first1=Katie |last2=Mazzetti |first2=Mark |last3=Hubbard |first3=Ben |last4=Isaac |first4=Mike |title=Saudis' Image Makers: A Troll Army and a Twitter Insider |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |work=The New York Times |date=20 October 2018 |archive-date=November 15, 2019 |access-date=January 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115201738/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/us/politics/saudi-image-campaign-twitter.html |url-status=live }}</ref> qui esseva postea [[Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi|assassinate in Turcia]]. In octobre 2018, Citizen Lab reportava super le uso de software de NSO pro spiar le circulo intime de [[Jamal Khashoggi]] justo ante su homicidio. Le reporto de octobre de Citizen Lab<ref>{{Cite news|date=October 1, 2018|title=The Kingdom Came to Canada – How Saudi-Linked Digital Espionage Reached Canadian Soil|work=The Citizen Lab|location=Toronto|url=https://citizenlab.ca/2018/10/the-kingdom-came-to-canada-how-saudi-linked-digital-espionage-reached-canadian-soil/|access-date=November 8, 2019|archive-date=November 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025746/https://citizenlab.ca/2018/10/the-kingdom-came-to-canada-how-saudi-linked-digital-espionage-reached-canadian-soil/|url-status=live}}</ref> declarava con alte confidentia que le Pegasus de NSO habeva essite installate in le iPhone del dissidente saudita Omar Abdulaziz, un del confidentes de Khashoggi, menses antea. Abdulaziz declarava que le software revelava le "criticas private de Khashoggi al familia regal saudita", lo que secundo Abdulaziz "jocava un rolo major" in le morte de Khashoggi.<ref name="seattletimes_Satter_20190124">{{Cite news|last=Satter|first=Raphael|date=January 25, 2019|title=APNewsBreak: Undercover agents target cybersecurity watchdog|work=[[The Seattle Times]] via [[AP News]]|location=New York|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/apnewsbreak-undercover-agents-target-cybersecurity-watchdog-2/|access-date=January 26, 2019|archive-date=January 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126093140/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/apnewsbreak-undercover-agents-target-cybersecurity-watchdog-2/|url-status=live}} Updated January 26</ref> In decembre 2018, un investigation del ''[[New York Times]]'' concludeva que le software Pegasus jocava un rolo in le homicidio de Khashoggi, con un amico de Khashoggi declarante in un demanda judicial que le autoritates saudita habeva usate le software de fabrication israelian pro spiar le dissidente.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Israeli Software Helped Saudis Spy on Khashoggi, Lawsuit Says|newspaper=The New York Times |date=December 2, 2018 |language=en|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/middleeast/saudi-khashoggi-spyware-israel.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage|access-date=2018-12-03|archive-date=December 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203152403/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/middleeast/saudi-khashoggi-spyware-israel.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage|url-status=live|last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=David D. }}</ref> Le CEO de NSO, Shalev Hulio, declarava que le compania non habeva essite implicate in le "terribile homicidio", sed declinava commentar super reportos que ille habeva viagiate personalmente al capital saudita [[Riyadh]] pro un vendita de Pegasus de 55 milliones de dollares.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Falconer|first=Rebecca|date=2019-03-24|title=Israeli firm won't say if it sold Saudis spyware linked to Khashoggi killing|url=https://www.axios.com/hacking-firm-nso-saudi-sale-no-comment-khashoggi-b0d4f4d1-9218-4614-b1f1-03495f8be67f.html|access-date=2019-11-09|website=Axios|language=en|archive-date=March 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325063830/https://www.axios.com/hacking-firm-nso-saudi-sale-no-comment-khashoggi-b0d4f4d1-9218-4614-b1f1-03495f8be67f.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, allegationes surgeva que le software poterea etiam haber essite usate pro spiar membros del familia de [[Jamal Khashoggi|Khashoggi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/18/nso-spyware-used-to-target-family-of-jamal-khashoggi-leaked-data-shows-saudis-pegasus|title = Saudis behind NSO spyware attack on Jamal Khashoggi's family, leak suggests|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = July 18, 2021|access-date = March 21, 2022|archive-date = March 21, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220321043335/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/18/nso-spyware-used-to-target-family-of-jamal-khashoggi-leaked-data-shows-saudis-pegasus|url-status = live}}</ref> Le sposa de Jamal Khashoggi, Hanan Elatr, intendeva demandar le Gruppo NSO, allegante que illa esseva visate per le spyware Pegasus. Illa etiam preparava un demanda judicial in le SUA contra le governamentos de Arabia Saudita e le Emiratos Arabe Unite pro lor implication in le tentativas de installar le software in su telephono mobile. Elatr esseva arrestate in [[Dubai]] in april 2018. Le activitate in le telephono confiscate de Elatr, durante que illa esseva sub custodia del servicios de intelligentia del EAU, suggereva ulteriormente que un tentativa esseva facite pro installar le software in ille momento.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/22/jamal-khashoggis-wife-to-sue-nso-group-over-pegasus-spyware|title=Jamal Khashoggi's wife to sue NSO Group over Pegasus spyware|access-date=22 September 2022|website=The Guardian|date=September 22, 2022 }}</ref> '''Targetage de Jeff Bezos''' {{main|Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident}} Pegasus esseva etiam usate pro spiar [[Jeff Bezos]] post que [[Mohammed bin Salman]], le principe hereditari de Arabia Saudita, excambiava messages con ille que exploitava vulnerabilitates [[Zero-day (computing)|tunc incognite]] in WhatsApp.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=If Saudi Arabia did hack Jeff Bezos, this is probably how it went down |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/jeff-bezos-phone-hack-mbs-saudi-arabia |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720134138/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/jeff-bezos-phone-hack-mbs-saudi-arabia |archive-date=20 July 2021 |date=23 Jan 2020 |magazine=Wired UK |last=Burgess |first=Matt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Forensic report reveals Israeli spyware Pegasus behind Jeff Bezos's phone hack |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/un-report-reveals-israeli-spyware-pegasus-behind-jeff-bezoss-phone-hack/articleshow/73540927.cms |date=23 Jan 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210720134147/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/un-report-reveals-israeli-spyware-pegasus-behind-jeff-bezoss-phone-hack/articleshow/73540927.cms |archive-date=20 July 2021 |last=Sarkar |first=Debashis |work=Times of India }}</ref> '''Targetage del jornalista Ben Hubbard''' Ben Hubbard, un correspondente in le [[Oriente Proxime]] pro le ''New York Times'', revelava in octobre 2021 que Arabia Saudita usava le software Pegasus del Gruppo NSO pro hachar su telephono. Hubbard esseva visate repetitemente durante un periodo de tres annos inter junio 2018 e junio 2021 durante que ille reportava super [[Arabia Saudita]], e scribeva un libro super le Principe Hereditari saudita [[Mohammad Bin Salman Al Saud|Mohammed bin Salman]]. Hubbard esseva possibilemente visate pro scriber le libro super le Principe Hereditari, e pro su implication in revelar le tentativa de hachage e vigilantia del Projecto Raven per le EAU. Le sauditas tentava examinar le informationes personal de Hubbard duo vices in 2018, un via un message de texto suspicose e le altere via un message de [[WhatsApp]] in arabe invitante le a un protesta in un ambassada saudita in Washington. Duo altere attaccos esseva lantiate contra ille in 2020 e 2021 usante le capacitates de hachage "zero-click". Finalmente, le 13 de junio 2021, un iPhone appertenente a Hubbard esseva hachate con successo usante le exploit FORCEDENTRY. Citizen Lab diceva con "alte confidentia" que le quatro attaccos esseva tentate usante Pegasus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://citizenlab.ca/2021/10/breaking-news-new-york-times-journalist-ben-hubbard-pegasus/|title=New York Times Journalist Ben Hubbard Hacked with Pegasus after Reporting on Previous Hacking Attempts|access-date=24 October 2021|website=The Citizen Lab|date=October 24, 2021|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://citizenlab.ca/2021/10/breaking-news-new-york-times-journalist-ben-hubbard-pegasus/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/24/insider/hacking-nso-surveillance.html|title=I Was Hacked. The Spyware Used Against Me Makes Us All Vulnerable.|access-date=24 October 2021|website=The New York Times|date=October 24, 2021|last1=Hubbard|first1=Ben|archive-date=October 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031175134/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/24/insider/hacking-nso-surveillance.html|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Altere targetos''' Un altere exiliato saudita, [[Omar Abdulaziz (vlogger)|Omar Abdulaziz]] in Canada, esseva identificate per [[McKinsey & Company#Role in Saudi clampdown on dissidents|McKinsey & Company]] como un dissidente influente, e per consequente habeva duo fratres imprisionate per le autoritates saudita, e su telephono cellular hachate per Pegasus.<ref name="nytimes_20181202_world" /><ref>[https://citizenlab.ca/2018/10/the-kingdom-came-to-canada-how-saudi-linked-digital-espionage-reached-canadian-soil/ The Kingdom Came to Canada; How Saudi-Linked Digital Espionage Reached Canadian Soil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025746/https://citizenlab.ca/2018/10/the-kingdom-came-to-canada-how-saudi-linked-digital-espionage-reached-canadian-soil/ |date=November 8, 2018 }}, By Bill Marczak, John Scott-Railton, Adam Senft, Bahr Abdul Razzak, and Ron Deibert October 1, 2018</ref> In junio 2018, un satirista saudita, [[Ghanem al-Dosari|Ghanem Almasarir]], esseva visate per Arabia Saudita con le software Pegasus. Le targetage e hachage del telephono de Almasarir per un rete ligate a Arabia Saudita esseva confirmate per recercatores al [[Citizen Lab]]. Le 28 de maio 2019, le littera de reclamation esseva livrate al [[Embassy of Saudi Arabia, London|ambassada saudita in London]] in nomine de Ghanem Almasarir. In augusto 2022, un judice britannic regulava que le dissidente prominente in [[London]] pote demandar Arabia Saudita pro le hachage con Pegasus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/19/british-judge-rules-dissident-ghanem-almasarir-can-sue-saudi-arabia-for-pegasus-hacking|title=British judge rules dissident can sue Saudi Arabia for Pegasus hacking|access-date=19 August 2022|website=The Guardian|date=August 19, 2022|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/19/british-judge-rules-dissident-ghanem-almasarir-can-sue-saudi-arabia-for-pegasus-hacking|url-status=live}}</ref> === Slovachia === Le Servicio de Information Slovac (SIS) ha acquirite le software Pegasus sub le quarte governamento del Prime Ministro [[Robert Fico]]. Quatro fontes anonyme del SIS ha revelate al diario Denník N que Pegasus ha passate del phase de test al operation plen in septembre 2024. Le presentia de "Nove systemas que permitte hachar telephonos" ha etiam essite confirmate per le politico del opposition e ancian presidente del Commission del Assemblea National pro Defesa e Securitate Juraj Krúpa (partito SaS) qui advertiva que le SIS habeva su poteres expandite e pote ora spiar le citatanos sin le necessitate de approbation judicial. Le SIS ha refusate tanto confirmar como negar iste accusationes, citante secreto de stato.<ref>{{Cite web| date=4 September 2024| title=Tajná služba za Fica zrejme získala možnosť totálne ovládnuť mobil, môže ísť o nástroj Pegasus| website=[[Denník N]]| url=https://dennikn.sk/4176198/tajna-sluzba-za-fica-zrejme-ziskala-moznost-totalne-ovladnut-mobil-moze-ist-o-nastroj-pegasus/| access-date=September 4, 2024| archive-date=September 4, 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904142645/https://dennikn.sk/4176198/tajna-sluzba-za-fica-zrejme-ziskala-moznost-totalne-ovladnut-mobil-moze-ist-o-nastroj-pegasus/| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| date=4 September 2024| title=Slovak intelligence services now equipped to monitor phones, Denník N writes| website=[[The Slovak Spectator]]| url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/23378854/slovak-intelligence-services-now-equipped-to-monitor-phones-dennik-n-writes.html| access-date=September 4, 2024| archive-date=September 4, 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904165342/https://spectator.sme.sk/c/23378854/slovak-intelligence-services-now-equipped-to-monitor-phones-dennik-n-writes.html| url-status=live}}</ref> Le membros del governamento negava le information de Denník N. Le Ministro del Interior Matúš Šutaj Eštok ([[Voice – Social Democracy]]) diceva in le conferentia de pressa de hodie que ille non habeva information super le emption del systema Pegasus e questionava le veritate del articulo de Denník N.<ref>{{Cite web | date=4 September 2024 | title=Získala SIS špionážny systém Pegasus? Trojica ministrov to spochybnila, opozícia hovorí o ohrození demokracie.| website= [[Pravda.sk]] | url=https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/722700-pegasus-moze-podla-progresivcov-ohrozit-sukromie-obcanov-a-demokraciu-sis-to-nekomentovala/}}</ref> === Africa del Sud === Le presidente sud-african [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] esseva revelate como un targeto potential del vigilantia de Pegasus, possibilemente per le stato rwandese.<ref name=":14" /> === Espania === ====Uso contra officiales e proponente del independentia catalan e vasco==== {{See also|CatalanGate}} Secundo un investigation per ''The Guardian'' e ''El País'', le software Pegasus esseva usate per le governamento de [[Espania]] pro compromitter le telephonos de plure politicos active in le [[Catalan independence movement|movimento de independentia catalan]], includente le [[List of presidents of the Parliament of Catalonia|Presidente del Parlamento de Catalonia]] [[Roger Torrent]], e le ancian membro del [[Parliament of Catalonia|Parlamento de Catalonia]] [[Anna Gabriel i Sabaté]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kirchgaessner|first1=Stephanie|last2=Jones|first2=Sam|date=July 13, 2020|title=Phone of top Catalan politician 'targeted by government-grade spyware'|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/13/phone-of-top-catalan-politician-targeted-by-government-grade-spyware|access-date=January 30, 2022|archive-date=February 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218164804/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/13/phone-of-top-catalan-politician-targeted-by-government-grade-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> [[CatalanGate|Le scandalo]] resurgeva in april 2022 post le publication de un reporto de un investigation de CitizenLab que revelava un uso extense de Pegasus contra politicos e citatanos catalan, assi como le politico vasco [[Arnaldo Otegi]] e le deputato [[Jon Iñarritu]].<ref name=":12"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aduriz |first=Iñigo |date=2022-04-19 |title=Unidas Podemos pide a Robles e Marlaska que investiguen el espionaje a dirigentes independentistas: "Tienen que rodar cabezas" |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/unidas-pide-robles-marlaska-investiguen-espionaje-dirigentes-independentistas-rodar-cabezas_1_8923753.html |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=ElDiario.es |language=es |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016062349/https://www.eldiario.es/politica/unidas-pide-robles-marlaska-investiguen-espionaje-dirigentes-independentistas-rodar-cabezas_1_8923753.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Un total de 63 victimas esseva identificate,<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |date=2022-04-18 |title=CatalanGate: Extensive Mercenary Spyware Operation against Catalans Using Pegasus and Candiru |url=https://citizenlab.ca/2022/04/catalangate-extensive-mercenary-spyware-operation-against-catalans-using-pegasus-candiru/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=The Citizen Lab |language=en-US |last1=Scott-Railton |first1=John |last2=Campo |first2=Elies |last3=Marczak |first3=Bill |last4=Razzak |first4=Bahr Abdul |last5=Anstis |first5=Siena |last6=Böcü |first6=Gözde |last7=Solimano |first7=Salvatore |last8=Deibert |first8=Ron |archive-date=June 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614043009/https://citizenlab.ca/2022/04/catalangate-extensive-mercenary-spyware-operation-against-catalans-using-pegasus-candiru/ |url-status=live }}</ref> con targetos includente officiales electe (includente alcunos de alte rango) e membros del societate civile (includente activistas, jornalistas, advocatos, e informaticos).<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-19 |title=Hauek dira Pegasus eta Candiru programekin ustez espiatu dituzten independentistak |url=https://www.eitb.eus/eu/albisteak/politika/osoa/8796449/hauek-dira-pegasus-eta-candiru-programekin-ustez-espiatu-dituzten-independentistak/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=EITB |language=eu |archive-date=July 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714034511/https://www.eitb.eus/eu/albisteak/politika/osoa/8796449/hauek-dira-pegasus-eta-candiru-programekin-ustez-espiatu-dituzten-independentistak/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Le extension real del targetage esseva potentialmente multo plus grande proque le apparatos Android es multo plus commun in Espania durante que le instrumentos de CitizenLab es specialisate pro discoperir infiltrationes in apparatos Apple. Citizen Lab non attribueva le responsabilitate del attaccos a necun perpetrator, sed notava que le evidentia circumstantial suggere fortemente que le attaccos esseva perpetrate per le Governamento Espaniol.<ref name=":13" /> Le 5 de maio 2022, le Ministro de Defesa espaniol admitteva le vigilantia de 20 personas implicate in le movimento de independentia catalan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://theworld.org/media/2022-05-05/pegasus-spyware-strikes-again-europe |title=Pegasus spyware strikes again in Europe |date=5 May 2022 |first=Orla |last=Barry |publisher=[[The World (radio program)|The World]] |archive-date=July 31, 2023 |access-date=May 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731064532/https://theworld.org/media/2022-05-05/pegasus-spyware-strikes-again-europe |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Uso contra officiales del governamento espaniol==== In maio 2022, le Governamento Espaniol revelava que le smartphonos del Prime Ministro [[Pedro Sánchez]] e del Ministra de Defesa [[Margarita Robles]] habeva essite visate per Pegasus in maio 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2022 |title=Spanish prime minister's mobile phone infected by Pegasus spyware, government says |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spanish-prime-ministers-telephone-infected-by-pegasus-spyware-2022-05-02/ |access-date=May 6, 2022 |archive-date=July 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731064533/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spanish-prime-ministers-telephone-infected-by-pegasus-spyware-2022-05-02/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Le apparato del Prime Ministro Sanchez esseva infectate duo vices, e le apparato de Robles esseva infectate un vice. Un total de plus de 2.7GB de datos esseva exfiltrate del apparato del PM, durante que solmente 9MB de datos esseva extrahite del apparato del Ministra de Defesa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2022 |title=El Gobierno asegura que los móviles de Sánchez y Robles fueron espiados con Pegasus |url=https://www.vozpopuli.com/espana/sanchez-robles-espiados-pegasus.html |access-date=2 May 2022 |website=Vozpopuli |language=es |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225032330/https://www.vozpopuli.com/espana/sanchez-robles-espiados-pegasus.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Le espionage es, usque hodie, negate ma attribuite a entitates [[Morocco|maroccan]], date le tensiones diplomatic inter le duo paises al momento del targetage. === Thailandia === Secundo un reporto per Citizen Lab e Digital Reach, al minus 30 activistas politic e criticos del governamento de Thailandia esseva affectate per le spyware. Un portavoce del [[Ministry of Digital Economy and Society]] declarava que su ministerio non esseva conscie de necun uso de Pegasus per le governamento. Un recercator de Citizen Lab ha dicite que ben que 30 targetos esseva confirmate definitivemente, illes expecta que le numero real sia multo plus alte.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pegasus phone spyware used to target 30 Thai activists, cyber watchdogs say |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/pegasus-phone-spyware-used-target-30-thai-activists-cyber-watchdogs-say-2022-07-18/ |work=Reuters |date=18 July 2022 |archive-date=October 1, 2023 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001115305/https://www.reuters.com/technology/pegasus-phone-spyware-used-target-30-thai-activists-cyber-watchdogs-say-2022-07-18/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Tibet === Consilieros senior del [[Dalai Lama]] (qui non porta un telephono personal ille mesme), le presidente in exilio de Tibet, le personal de un prominente lider spiritual buddhista tibetan [[Gyalwang Karmapa]], assi como plure altere activistas e clericos tibetan – omnes vivente in exilio in India – esseva seligite pro un targetage potential per Pegasus, probabilemente per le [[Modi government|governamento indian]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Safi |first=Michael |date=2021-07-22 |title=Dalai Lama's inner circle listed in Pegasus project data |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/22/dalai-lama-inner-circle-listed-pegasus-project-data |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-date=September 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904190127/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/jul/22/dalai-lama-inner-circle-listed-pegasus-project-data |url-status=live }}</ref> === Togo === Un investigation juncte per ''The Guardian'' e ''Le Monde'' allegava que le software Pegasus esseva usate pro spiar sex criticos del governamento in [[Togo]].<ref name="theguardian.com"/> === Uganda === Il ha essite reportate que [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] negotiava un accordo pro usar Pegasus in Uganda, pagante inter $10 e $20 milliones in 2019. Le software esseva postea usate pro hachar le telephonos de 11 diplomatas statounitese e empleatos del ambassada del SUA in Uganda in algun momento durante 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/features/2021/12/the-secret-uganda-deal-that-has-brought-nso-to-the-brink-of-collapse/ |last=Srivastava |first=Mmehul |title=The secret Uganda deal that has brought NSO to the brink of collapse |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=ArsTechnica |date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228001545/https://arstechnica.com/features/2021/12/the-secret-uganda-deal-that-has-brought-nso-to-the-brink-of-collapse/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ukraina === Al minus depost 2019, Ukraina habeva cercate obtener Pegasus in su effortio pro contrariar lo que illo videva como un menacia crescente de aggression e espionage russe. Tamen, Israel habeva imponite un prohibition quasi total al vendita de armas a Ukraina (lo que etiam includeva instrumentos de cyberespionage), temente vender Pegasus a statos que usarea le instrumento contra Russia pro non dominar le relationes con Russia. In augusto 2021, in un momento quando truppas russe se accumulava al frontiera ukrainian, Israel refusava novemente un requesta de un delegation ukrainian que peteva obtener Pegasus; secundo un official ukrainian familiar con le caso, Pegasus haberea potite fornir un supporto critic in le effortio de Ukraina pro monitorar le activitate militar russe. In le sequela del [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion russe de Ukraina in 2022]], officiales ukrainian reprochava le supporto tepide de Israel a Ukraina e le effortios israeli pro mantener relationes amical con Russia.<ref name="Bergman & Mazzetti 23-Mar-2022 NYT"/> === Emiratos Arabe Unite === In decembre 2020, il esseva reportate que [[Arabia Saudita]] e le [[United Arab Emirates|Emiratos Arabe Unite]] disployava un exploit Pegasus de iMessage "zero-click" contra duo reporteros basate in [[London]] e 36 jornalistas al rete de television ''[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'' in [[Qatar]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Qatar haberea tentate contractar le firma de cybersecuritate basate in Israel Sdema Group pro un "contracto de plure dozena milliones de euros pro fornir servicios de securitate physic e cybernetic al facilitates del Cuppa del Mundo de Qatar.".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intelligenceonline.com/government-intelligence/2020/08/26/doha-like-abu-dhabi-also-hooked-on-israeli-technology,109602026-evg|title=Doha, like Abu Dhabi, also hooked on Israeli technology|date=August 26, 2020|access-date=26 August 2020|publisher=Intelligence Online|archive-date=August 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804050643/https://www.intelligenceonline.com/government-intelligence/2020/08/26/doha-like-abu-dhabi-also-hooked-on-israeli-technology,109602026-evg|url-status=live}}</ref> Le Emiratos Arabe Unite usava Pegasus pro spiar le membros del governamento yemenita supportate per le sauditas secundo un investigation publicate in julio 2021. Le EAU usava le spyware pro monitorar e spiar le ministros del governamento internationalmente recognoscite del Presidente [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]], includente le presidente yemenita e le membros de su familia, le ancian Prime Ministro [[Ahmed Obaid Bin Dagher]], le ancian Ministro de Exteriores [[Abdulmalik Al-Mekhlafi]], e le actual Ministro de Juventute e Sportes, [[Nayef al-Bakri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/mid-east/uae-targeted-yemen-officials-with-israeli-pegasus-spyware-report|title=UAE targeted Yemen officials with Israeli Pegasus spyware: report|date=August 4, 2021|access-date=4 August 2021|publisher=Daily Sabah|archive-date=August 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806071212/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/mid-east/uae-targeted-yemen-officials-with-israeli-pegasus-spyware-report|url-status=live}}</ref> In augusto 2021, Amnesty International confirmava que [[David Haigh]], un prominente advocato britannic de derectos human e fundador del ONG de derectos human Detained International, esseva le prime persona britannic a haber evidentia in su telephono mobile que illo habeva essite hachate per le spyware de NSO.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/08/appendix-e-pegasus-forensic-traces-per-target-identified-in-the-aftermath-of-the-revelations-of-pegasus-project/ |title=Appendix e – Pegasus Forensic Traces per Target Identified in the Aftermath of the Pegasus Project Revelations |date=August 6, 2021 |archive-date=September 27, 2024 |access-date=October 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927104926/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/08/appendix-e-pegasus-forensic-traces-per-target-identified-in-the-aftermath-of-the-revelations-of-pegasus-project/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On crede que le hachage illegal esseva realisate in augusto 2020 per le governamento de [[Dubai]]. Al momento del infection, [[David Haigh]] esseva le advocato representante le Princessa de Dubai [[Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum (born 1985)|Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum]] qui esseva tenite como hostage, e ille assisteva etiam le [[Princess Haya bint Hussein|Princessa Haya bint Hussein]] e su equipa legal.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/02/princess-latifa-campaigner-david-haigh-phone-compromised-pegasus-spyware?ref=freebits.app| title=Princess Latifa campaigner had 'phone compromised by Pegasus spyware' | date=August 2, 2021 }}</ref> Haigh habeva excambiate videos e messages de texto in secreto durante plus de un anno e medie con le Princessa Latifa via un telephono que habeva essite introducite clandestinamente in le villa de Dubai ubi illa esseva detenite. Illa cessava responder le 21 de julio 2020, secundo un captura de ecran del messages que Haigh compartiva. Le analyse monstra que le telephono de Haigh esseva hachate duo septimanas postea.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/08/02/activist-dubai-princess-pegasus-surveillance/|title=THE PEGASUS PROJECT {{!}} A GLOBAL INVESTIGATION {{!}} Human rights acitivist and close ally of detained Dubai princess had phone hacked by NSO spyware, forensic test finds|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=August 2, 2021|access-date=October 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802170739/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/08/02/activist-dubai-princess-pegasus-surveillance/|url-status=live}}</ref> Le 24 de septembre 2021, ''[[The Guardian]]'' reportava que le telephono de [[Alaa al-Siddiq]], directora executive de [[ALQST]], qui moriva in un accidente de carrosa in [[London]] le 20 de junio 2021, esseva infectate con le spyware Pegasus durante 5 annos usque 2020. Citizen Lab confirmava que le activista emirati esseva hachate per un cliente governamental del Gruppo NSO de Israel. Le caso representava un tendentia preoccupante pro activistas e dissidentes, qui escappava del EAU pro viver in securitate relative, sed nunquam esseva foras del alcance de Pegasus.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/24/new-evidence-suggests-spyware-used-to-surveil-emirati-activist-alaa-al-siddiq|title=New evidence suggests spyware used to surveil Emirati activist Alaa Al-Siddiq|access-date=24 September 2021|website=The Guardian|date=September 24, 2021|archive-date=September 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927033519/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/24/new-evidence-suggests-spyware-used-to-surveil-emirati-activist-alaa-al-siddiq|url-status=live}}</ref> In octobre 2021, le [[Alta Corte de Justitia]] britannic regulava que agentes de [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]] usava Pegasus pro [[Phone hacking|hachar]] le telephonos de su (ex-)sposa, le [[Princessa Haya bint Hussein]], su advocatos (includente le baronessa [[Fiona Shackleton]]), un assistente personal e duo membros de su equipa de securitate in le estate de 2020. Le corte regulava que le agentes actuava "con le autoritate expresse o implicite" del sheikh; ille negava cognoscentia del hachage. Le judicamento se refereva al hachage como "violationes serial del lege penal domestic (del RU)", "in violation de derectos fundamental del common law e del [[European Convention on Human Rights|KEDH]]", "interferentia con le processo de iste corte e le accesso del matre al justitia" e "abuso de poter" per un capite de stato. NSO habeva contactate un intermediario in augusto 2020 pro informar le Princessa Haya del hachage. Le 7 de octobre 2021, le [[NSO Group]] declarava que illo habeva terminate su contracto con le Emiratos Arabe Unite (EAU) pro usar su instrumento de spionage Pegasus post le decision del Alte Corte del [[Regno Unite]] que le governante de [[Dubai]] misuseva le software Pegasus del firma pro spionar su ex-uxor e su consilieros legal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pegasus spyware maker ends contract with UAE after UK high court's hacking ruling|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/07/middleeast/pegasus-uae-hacking-intl/index.html|website=CNN|date=7 October 2021|access-date=7 October 2021|archive-date=October 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013092904/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/07/middleeast/pegasus-uae-hacking-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, fontes revelava que un unitate de [[Mubadala Investment Company]] de Abu Dhabi, Mubadala Capital, esseva un del plus grande investitores in le [[fundo de capital de investimento]] Novalpina Capital de 1 milliardo de euros, le qual emeva le NSO Group in 2019. Depost alora, Mubadala ha essite un investitor in le firma con su compromisso de 50 milliones de euros, acquirente un sede in le comité del plus grande investitores del fundo de capital. Jornalistas, defendores del derectos human e le [[Princessa Haya bint Hussein|feminas del familia regal de Dubai]] esseva traciate como haccate usante le spyware Pegasus durante le mesme periodo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/09a289f1-1670-4b18-9ee2-5d9081e1773d|title=Abu Dhabi state funds were used to buy Israeli spyware group NSO|access-date=1 April 2022|website=The Financial Times|date=April 2022|last1=Wiggins|first1=Kaye|archive-date=April 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405022231/https://www.ft.com/content/09a289f1-1670-4b18-9ee2-5d9081e1773d|url-status=live}}</ref> Un reporto per le [[Citizen Lab]] revelava que le spyware Pegasus ligate a un agente emirati esseva usate pro haccar le phonos in [[Downing Street]] e le Ministerio de Affaires Estrangere. Un del attaccos de spyware contra le numero 10 occurreva le 7 de julio 2020, le qual on asseverava haber infectate le phono del Prime Ministro britannic [[Boris Johnson]]. In plus, al minus cinque attaccos esseva identificate sur phonos del Ministerio de Affaires Estrangere per alliatos del Regno Unite, incluse le EAU, inter julio 2020 e junio 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/04/18/uae-linked-downing-street-spyware-attack-may-have-compromised/|title=UAE linked to Downing Street spyware attack that may have compromised Boris Johnson's phone|access-date=18 April 2022|website=The Telegraph|date=April 18, 2022|last1=Boycott-Owen|first1=Mason|archive-date=December 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209031235/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/04/18/uae-linked-downing-street-spyware-attack-may-have-compromised/|url-status=live}}</ref> Le EAU esseva anque accusate de emplear un firma pro "monitorar" [[Jeremy Corbyn]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2022/04/23/uae-tried-influence-tory-ministers-mislead-public-sacked-embassy/|title=UAE tried to 'influence' Tory ministers to 'mislead' the public, sacked embassy guard says in court papers|access-date=23 April 2022|website=The Telegraph|date=April 23, 2022|last1=Bird|first1=Steve|archive-date=March 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301230607/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2022/04/23/uae-tried-influence-tory-ministers-mislead-public-sacked-embassy/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Regno Unite (UK)=== In april 2022, [[Citizen Lab]] publicava un reporto declarante que le personal de [[10 Downing Street]] habeva essite targettate per Pegasus, e que on suspectava que le [[Emiratos Arabe Unite]] originava le attaccos in 2020 e 2021.<ref name=guardian-20220418>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/apr/18/no-10-suspected-of-being-target-of-nso-spyware-attack-boris-johnson |title=No 10 suspected of being target of NSO spyware attack, Boris Johnson 'told' |last=Kirchgaessner |first=Stephanie |newspaper=The Guardian |date=18 April 2022 |access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref> ===Statos Unite (US)=== NSO Group presentava su spyware al [[Drug Enforcement Administration|Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)]], le qual refusava de emer lo a causa de su alte costo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The DEA Didn't Buy Malware From Israel's Controversial NSO Group Because It Was Too Expensive|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/dea-didnt-buy-malware-nso-group-too-expensive/|access-date=2022-02-01|website=Vice.com|date=September 11, 2019 |language=en|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201025518/https://www.vice.com/en/article/3kxk9j/dea-didnt-buy-malware-nso-group-too-expensive|url-status=live}}</ref> In augusto 2016, NSO Group (per su subsidiari statounitese Westbridge) presentava su version statounitese de Pegasus al [[Departimento de Policia de San Diego]] (SDPD). In le material de marketing, Westbridge emphaseva que le compania es basate in le Statos Unite e proprietate majoritari de un compania matre statounitese. Un sergento del SDPD respondeva al presentation de vendita dicente que illo "sona incredibile". Le SDPD refusava de emer le spyware proque illo esseva troppo car.<ref name=":9"/> In julio 2021, on revelava que le numeros de telephono de circa un dozena de citatanos statounitese – incluse diplomatas, jornalistas, travaliatores de adjuta, e expatriatos dissidente – esseva in un lista de targettas prospective pro infiltration per Pegasus, sed on non sapeva si un attacco esseva unquam tentate o completate contra alcuno de lor apparatos. Inter le numeros de telephono discoperite in le lista esseva illos del principal negotiator del administration Obama del [[Plano de Action Conjuncte e Comprehensive]] assi como illos de plure diplomatas del Nationes Unite residente in le Statos Unite. NSO Group ha dicite que Pegasus non es deployate contra necun apparato locate intra le territorio del Statos Unite, sed on ha suggerite que citatanos statounitese pote devenir targettas quando illes es al estraniero.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Key question for Americans overseas: Can their phones be hacked? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/07/19/us-phone-numbers-nso/ |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131155417/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/07/19/us-phone-numbers-nso/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In novembre 2021, le [[Joe Biden|administration Biden]] poneva NSO Group sur un lista nigre del [[Departimento de Commercio]] pro contractos governamental, post determinar que le action de NSO Group esseva "contrari al politica estraniere e al interesses de securitate national del Statos Unite."<ref name="NSO_group_2021_11_03_guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/03/nso-group-pegasus-spyware-us-blacklist "Israeli spyware company NSO Group placed on US blacklist,"], November 3, 2021, ''[[The Guardian]],'' retrieved October 28, 2025</ref><ref name="ice_2025_09_02_guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/sep/02/trump-immigration-ice-israeli-spyware "Ice obtains access to Israeli-made spyware that can hack phones and encrypted apps,"], September 2, 2025, ''[[The Guardian]],'' retrieved October 28, 2025</ref> In decembre 2021, on reportava que le spyware Pegasus esseva trovate in le menses precedente sur le [[iPhones]] de al minus novem empleatos del [[Departimento de Stato del Statos Unite]], omnes del quales esseva o stationate in Uganda o travaliava sur questiones ligate a Uganda.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bing |first1=Christopher |last2=Menn |first2=Joseph |title=U.S. State Department phones hacked with Israeli company spyware – sources |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-us-state-department-phones-hacked-with-israeli-company-spyware-sources-2021-12-03/ |access-date=4 December 2021 |work=Reuters |date=3 December 2021 |language=en |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204035937/https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-us-state-department-phones-hacked-with-israeli-company-spyware-sources-2021-12-03/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Later le same month, AP reported that a total of 11 U.S. State Department employees stationed in Uganda had their iPhones hacked with Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-03 |title=AP Source: NSO Group spyware used to hack State employees |url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-middle-east-israel-hacking-290f990cc1b6aa8fd870ecd540e12664 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201033915/https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-middle-east-israel-hacking-290f990cc1b6aa8fd870ecd540e12664 |archive-date=February 1, 2022 |access-date=2022-02-01 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Le governamento del Statos Unite listava NSO Group in le lista nigre pro stoppar lo que illo appellava "[[repression transnational]]".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Toosi |first1=Nahal |title=Biden's balancing act in the Middle East has a problem: Israel |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/19/biden-middle-east-israel-523053 |website=POLITICO |access-date=5 December 2021 |language=en |date=19 November 2021 |archive-date=December 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205142629/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/19/biden-middle-east-israel-523053 |url-status=live }}</ref> In januario 2022, on reportava que le [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) habeva secretemente emite le spyware Pegasus in 2019 e habeva vidite un demonstration de Phantom, un instrumento plus nove capace de targettar numeros de telephono american. Le FBI procedeva a testar ambe instrumentos, e considerava lor uso pro vigilantia domestic in le Statos Unite, lo que supostemente duceva a discussiones inter le FBI e le [[Departimento de Justitia del Statos Unite]]; ultimemente le FBI decideva contra le uso del spyware de NSO. Tamen, malgrado le decision de 2021 que rejectava le uso del software de NSO, le equipamiento de Pegasus es ancora in possession del FBI in un installation in New Jersey.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Levenson |first1=Michael |title=F.B.I. Secretly Bought Israeli Spyware and Explored Hacking U.S. Phones |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/world/middleeast/israel-pegasus-spyware.html |work=The New York Times |date=28 January 2022 |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000234/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/world/middleeast/israel-pegasus-spyware.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The FBI Reportedly Considered Buying Spyware That Could Hack Any Phone in the U.S.|url=https://gizmodo.com/fbi-nso-phantom-spyware-hack-americans-phones-1848440576|access-date=2022-01-31|website=Gizmodo|date=January 28, 2022 |language=en-us|archive-date=January 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000234/https://gizmodo.com/fbi-nso-phantom-spyware-hack-americans-phones-1848440576|url-status=live}}</ref> Respondente al reportos, officiales del FBI minimisava le aspecto de vigilantia domestic del test de Pegasus, stressante in su loco le [[Contraspionage]] como lor pretense scopo principal. Un documento obtenite postea per ''[[The New York Times]]'' monstrava clarmente que le agentia considerava usar Pegasus e Phantom in casos domestic de application del lege.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mazzetti |first1=Mark |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |title=F.B.I. Told Israel It Wanted Pegasus Hacking Tool for Investigations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/us/politics/fbi-pegasus-spyware-israel.html |work=The New York Times |date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505232920/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/12/us/politics/fbi-pegasus-spyware-israel.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mazzetti |first1=Mark |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |title=Internal Documents Show How Close the F.B.I. Came to Deploying Spyware |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/12/us/politics/fbi-pegasus-spyware-phones-nso.html |work=The New York Times |date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=December 10, 2024 |access-date=November 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210032704/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/12/us/politics/fbi-pegasus-spyware-phones-nso.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[L3Harris]], un contractante de defensa statounitese, esseva in negotiationes pro acquirer NSO Group, le fabricante de Pegasus. L3Harris supostemente habeva le appoio del intelligentia statounitese in le negotiationes de acquisition. Post menses de negotiationes, le discussiones esseva cancellate post que illos esseva facite public per le medios de communication in junio 2022, con le governamento del Statos Unite reprobante publicamente le tentativa de acquisition.<ref name="Mazzetti & Bergman 10-Jul-2022 NYT"/> In martio 2023, le Presidente [[Joe Biden]] signava un [[ordine executive]] que prohibiva le "uso operational per le Governamento del Statos Unite de spyware commercial que pone riscos al securitate national o ha essite misuse per actores estraniere pro permitter abusos de derectos human in tote le mundo."<ref>{{Cite web |last=House |first=The White |date=2023-03-27 |title=FACT SHEET: President Biden Signs Executive Order to Prohibit U.S. Government Use of Commercial Spyware that Poses Risks to National Security |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/03/27/fact-sheet-president-biden-signs-executive-order-to-prohibit-u-s-government-use-of-commercial-spyware-that-poses-risks-to-national-security/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=The White House |language=en-US |archive-date=January 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121191602/https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/03/27/fact-sheet-president-biden-signs-executive-order-to-prohibit-u-s-government-use-of-commercial-spyware-that-poses-risks-to-national-security/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="exec_order_14093_fed_reg">[https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/03/30/2023-06730/prohibition-on-use-by-the-united-states-government-of-commercial-spyware-that-poses-risks-to "Executive Order 14093,"] March 27, 2023, posted March 30, 2023, ''[[Federal Register]]'' retrieved October 28, 2025</ref> Isto adjutava a provocar un suspension de un contracto del [[Departimento de Securitate National]] con le competitor de NSO, [[Paragon Solutions]], a finales de 2024,<ref name="ice_2025_09_02_guardian" /> sed le proxime [[Secunde Presidentia de Donald Trump|Administration Trump]] restabliva le contracto un anno a post.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wrobel |first=Sharon |date=2025-09-03 |title=Trump administration reinstates contract with Israeli-founded spyware maker Paragon |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-administration-reinstates-contract-with-israeli-founded-spyware-maker-paragon/ |access-date=2026-02-02 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> Con le transition del administration Biden al administration Trump in januario 2025, NSO Group comenciava a investir pesantemente in effortios de [[Lobbying in le Statos Unite|lobbying]] pro reverter le prohibition del Departimento de Commercio sur lor productos. NSO empleava lobbystas del Vogel Group con stricte ligamines al administration Trump, e spendeva plus de $1,8 milliones in campanias politic del [[Partito Republican (Statos Unite)|Partito Republican]] in le [[electiones del Statos Unite de 2024]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Panagiotopoulos |first=Vas |title=Spyware Maker NSO Group Is Paving a Path Back Into Trump’s America |url=https://www.wired.com/story/nso-group-the-vogel-group-lobbying-trump-administration/ |access-date=2026-02-02 |work=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> In maio 2025, NSO Group esseva ordinate per un [[Corte de districto del Statos Unite]] a pagar $167 milliones in damnos a [[WhatsApp]] pro exploitar lor systemas de messageria pro injectiones del spyware Pegasus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-07 |title=Global: Ruling against NSO Group in Whatsapp case a “momentous win in fight against spyware abuse” Ruling against NSO Group in Whatsapp case a “momentous win in fight against spyware abuse” |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/05/ruling-against-nso-group-in-whatsapp-case-a-momentous-win/ |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=isolomons |date=2025-05-06 |title=Winning the Fight Against Spyware Merchant NSO |url=https://about.fb.com/news/2025/05/winning the-fight-against-spyware-merchant-nso/ |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=Meta Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> === Yemen === Le analyse forense del telephono mobile del investigator independente del [[ONU]], [[Kamel Jendoubi]], revelava le 20 de decembre 2021 que ille esseva targettate per spyware durante que ille investigava crimines de guerra in [[Yemen]]. Le numero mobile de Jendoubi esseva anque trovate in le base de datos fugite del Projecto Pegasus. Secundo le datos, Jendoubi esseva un del targettas potential de un del clientes de longe data de NSO Group, Arabia Saudita. Un portavoce de NSO negava que Kamel Jendoubi esseva un del targettas de su clientes.<ref>{{cite web|title=UN-backed investigator into possible Yemen war crimes targeted by spyware|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/20/un-backed-investigator-into-possible-yemen-war-crimes-targeted-by-spyware|website=The Guardian|date=December 20, 2021|access-date=20 December 2021|archive-date=January 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130042924/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/20/un-backed-investigator-into-possible-yemen-war-crimes-targeted-by-spyware|url-status=live}}</ref> === Organisationes international === ==== Union Europee ==== In april 2022, secundo duo officiales del UE e documentation obtenite per Reuters, le [[Commissario Europee de Justitia]] [[Didier Reynders]] e altere officiales del [[Commission Europee]] habeva essite targettate per le software de NSO. Le commission apprendeva isto post que Apple notificava milles de usatores de iPhone in novembre 2021 que illes esseva targettate per haccatores appoiate per le stato. Secundo le mesme duo fontes, expertos in IT examinava alcunos del smartphones, sed le resultatos esseva inconcludente.<ref name="reuters-20220411">{{cite news |last1=Satter |first1=Raphael |last2=Bing |first2=Christopher |date=11 April 2022 |title=Senior EU officials were targeted with Israeli spyware |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-senior-eu-officials-were-targeted-with-israeli-spyware-sources-2022-04-11/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 April 2022 |archive-date=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413202014/https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-senior-eu-officials-were-targeted-with-israeli-spyware-sources-2022-04-11/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Projecto Pegasus == {{main|Pegasus Project (investigation)}} Un fuga de un lista de plus de 50.000 numeros de telephono que on crede haber essite identificate como illos de personas de interesse per clientes de NSO depost 2016 deveniva disponibile al organisation de medios sin fin de lucro basate in Paris [[Forbidden Stories]] e a [[Amnesty International]]. Illes compartiva le information con dece-septe organisationes de medios de communication in lo que on ha appellate le ''Projecto Pegasus'', e un investigation de menses esseva realisate, le qual reportava a partir de medie julio 2021. Le Projecto Pegasus involveva 80 jornalistas del socios de medios incluse ''[[The Guardian]]'' (UK), [[Radio France]] e ''[[Le Monde]]'' (Francia), ''[[Die Zeit]]'' e ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'' (Germania), ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (Statos Unite), ''[[Haaretz]]'' (Israel), ''Aristegui Noticias'', [[Proceso (revista)|''Proceso'']] (Mexico), le [[Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]], [[Knack (revista)|''Knack'']], ''[[Le Soir]]'', [[The Wire (India)|''The Wire'']],<ref>{{Cite web|title=BJP Fields State Leaders to Tackle Pegasus Allegations, Uses 'International Conspiracy' Bogey|url=https://thewire.in/politics/pegasus-spyware-india-bjp-defence|access-date=2021-07-21|website=The Wire|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721093804/https://thewire.in/politics/pegasus-spyware-india-bjp-defence|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Daraj'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Helped Over Ten Countries Tap Over 50,000 Phones |author= |website=Daraj |date=18 July 2021 |url=https://daraj.com/en/76189/ |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719120830/https://daraj.com/en/76189/ |url-status=live |accessdate=March 12, 2026 |archivedate=July 19, 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719120830/https://daraj.com/en/76189/ }}</ref> Direkt36 (Hungaria),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Direkt36 |author= |date= |access-date=19 July 2021 |url=https://www.direkt36.hu/en/ |language=hu |archive-date=July 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718211853/https://www.direkt36.hu/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> e [[PBS Frontline|''Frontline'']].<ref name="PBS/Pegasus"> *{{cite web |title=Global Spyware Scandal: Exposing Pegasus Part One (full documentary) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZVj1_SE4Mo |website=[[Frontline (American TV program)|FRONTLINE]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=29 October 2025 |date=3 January 2023}} *{{cite web |title=Global Spyware Scandal: Exposing Pegasus Part Two (full documentary) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYMWTXIkANM |website=[[Frontline (American TV program)|FRONTLINE]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=29 October 2025 |date=10 January 2023}} </ref><ref name="pegasusproject">{{Cite web|title=About The Pegasus Project|url=https://forbiddenstories.org/about-the-pegasus-project/|access-date=2021-07-19|website=Forbidden Stories|date=July 18, 2021 |language=en|archive-date=July 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719130033/https://forbiddenstories.org/about-the-pegasus-project/|url-status=live}}</ref> Evidence was found that many phones with numbers in the list had been targets of Pegasus spyware.<ref name=project/><ref>{{Cite web|title=THE PEGASUS PROJECT Live Blog: Major Stories from Partners|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/the-pegasus-project-live-blog-major-stories-from-partners/|access-date=2021-07-21|website=FRONTLINE|language=en-US|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721094001/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/the-pegasus-project-live-blog-major-stories-from-partners/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tamen, le CEO de NSO Group negava categoricamente que le lista in question es ligate a illes, e que le fonte del allegationes non pote esser verificate como un fonte fidel. "Isto es un tentativa de construer qualcosa sur un manco folle de information... Il ha qualcosa fundamentalmente errate in iste investigation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSO CEO exclusively responds to allegations: &quot;The list of 50,000 phone numbers has nothing to do with us&quot; {{!}} Ctech|url=https://m.calcalistech.com/Article.aspx?guid=3912882|access-date=2021-07-21|website=m.calcalistech.com|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720223235/https://m.calcalistech.com/Article.aspx?guid=3912882|url-status=live}}</ref> Le intelligentia francese ([[ANSSI]]) confirmava que le spyware Pegasus habeva essite trovate sur le phonos de tres jornalistas, incluse un jornalista de [[France 24]], in lo que esseva le prime vice que un autoritate independente e official corroborava le constatationes del investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pegasus spyware found on journalists' phones, French intelligence confirms |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/aug/02/pegasus-spyware-found-on-journalists-phones-french-intelligence-confirms |work=the Guardian |date=2 August 2021 |language=en |access-date=August 2, 2021 |archive-date=August 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802160522/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/aug/02/pegasus-spyware-found-on-journalists-phones-french-intelligence-confirms |url-status=live }}</ref> Le 26 de januario 2022, le reportos revelava que le telephonos mobile de Lama Fakih, un citatana statounitese-libanese e directora de crises e conflictos in [[Human Rights Watch]], esseva repetitemente haccate per un cliente de NSO Group in un momento quando illa investigava le [[explosion de Beirut de 2020]] que occideva plus de 200 personas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jan/26/human-rights-watch-investigator-allegedly-hacked-with-pegasus-spyware-|title=Top Human Rights Watch investigator allegedly hacked with Pegasus spyware|access-date=26 January 2022|website=The Guardian|date=January 26, 2022|archive-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126075305/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/jan/26/human-rights-watch-investigator-allegedly-hacked-with-pegasus-spyware-|url-status=live}}</ref> In julio 2021, un investigation conjuncte conducite per dece-septe organisationes de medios revelava que le spyware Pegasus esseva usate pro targettar e spionar chefes de stato, activistas, jornalistas, e dissidentes, permittente "violationes de derectos human in tote le mundo a un scala massive". Le investigation esseva lanceate post un fuga de 50.000 numeros de telephono de targettas potential de vigilantia. [[Amnesty International]] realisava analyses [[Informatica forense|forense]] de telephonos mobile de targettas potential. Le investigation identificava 11 paises como clientes de NSO: Azerbaidjan, Bahrain, Hungaria, India, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Marocco, Ruanda, Arabia Saudita, Togo, e le Emiratos Arabe Unite. Le investigation anque revelava que jornalistas de multiple organisationes de medios incluse ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', [[CNN]], le ''[[Financial Times]]'', le [[Associated Press]], ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', ''[[Bloomberg News]]'' e ''[[Le Monde]]'' esseva targettate, e identificava al minus 180 jornalistas de 20 paises qui esseva seligite pro esser targettate con le spyware de NSO inter 2016 e junio 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 18, 2021|title=Massive data leak reveals Israeli NSO Group's spyware used to target activists, journalists, and political leaders globally|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/07/the-pegasus-project/|website=Amnesty International|access-date=July 18, 2021|archive-date=July 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718182723/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/07/the-pegasus-project/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Priest|first1=Dana|last2=Timberg|first2=Craig|last3=Mekhennet|first3=Souad|title=Private Israeli spyware used to hack cellphones of journalists, activists worldwide|language=en|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2021/nso-spyware-pegasus-cellphones/|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2021/nso-spyware-pegasus-cellphones/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Reactiones == === Responsa de NSO Group === Respondente al reportos de augusto 2016 sur le targettamento de un activista arabe, NSO Group declarava que illes provide a "governamentos autorisate technologia que los adjuta a combatter le terror e le crimine", ben que le Gruppo diceva que illes non habeva cognoscentia de necun incidente.<ref name=theguardian_20160825_apple>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Tynan |title=Apple issues global iOS update after attempt to use spyware on activist's iPhone |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/25/apple-ios-update-arab-activists-iphone-spyware |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 25, 2016 |access-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418094039/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/25/apple-ios-update-arab-activists-iphone-spyware |url-status=live }}</ref> In decembre 2024, un corte statounitese declarava [[NSO Group]] responsabile pro attaccos contra approximatemente 1.400 usatores de [[WhatsApp]], incluse activistas e jornalistas. Le corte decideva que NSO violava le [[Computer Fraud and Abuse Act]] e le [[California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act]], rejectante le defensa del compania que illo non esseva responsabile proque Pegasus esseva operate per lor clientes.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jay |last=Peters |title=Pegasus spyware maker NSO Group is liable for attacks on 1,400 WhatsApp users |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/20/24326342/meta-whatsapp-nso-group-pegasus-spyware-hack-liable |newspaper=[[The Verge]] |date=December 21, 2024 |access-date=February 23, 2025 |archive-date=December 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223103759/https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/20/24326342/meta-whatsapp-nso-group-pegasus-spyware-hack-liable |url-status=live }}</ref> === Scepticismo super le programma de recompensas pro vulnerabilitates === In le sequela del novas, criticos assereva que le programma de [[Bug bounty program|recompensas pro vulnerabilitates]] (bug-bounty) de Apple, le qual recompensa personas pro trovar defectos in su software, poterea non haber offerite recompensas sufficiente pro impedir que exploits sia vendite in le [[mercato nigre]], in loco de esser reportate a Apple. Russell Brandom de ''[[The Verge]]'' commentava que le recompensa offerite in le programma de recompensas pro vulnerabilitates de Apple attinge un maximo de $200.000, "justo un fraction del milliones que es regularmente expendite pro exploits de iOS in le mercato nigre". Ille continua demandante proque Apple non "expende su via foras del vulnerabilitates de securitate?", sed etiam scribe que "a pena que le vulnerabilitates [de Pegasus] esseva reportate, Apple los reparava—sed il ha multe altere defectos restante. Dum companias de spyware vide un emption de exploit como un pagamento unic pro annos de accesso, le recompensa de Apple debe esser pagate cata vice que un nove vulnerabilitate appare." Brandom scribeva etiam: "Le mesme cercatores participante in le recompensa pro vulnerabilitates de Apple poterea ganiar plus moneta vendente le mesme discoperitas a un intermediario de exploits." Ille concludeva le articulo scribente: "Il es difficile dicer quante damno poterea haber essite causate si Mansoor habeva cliccate sur le ligamine de spyware... Le spero es que, quando le proxime cercator trova le proxime defecto, ille pensamento importa plus que le moneta."<ref name="theverge_12660800">{{cite web |first=Russell |last=Brandom |title=Why can't Apple spend its way out of security vulnerabilities? |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/26/12660800/apple-ios-security-bug-bounty-payouts |website=[[The Verge]] |date=August 26, 2016 |access-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221151523/http://www.theverge.com/2016/8/26/12660800/apple-ios-security-bug-bounty-payouts |url-status=live }}</ref> Depost iste disveloppamentos, in 2019, Apple augmentava le pagamento de su programma de recompensas pro vulnerabilitates a $1m,<ref>{{cite web | last=Hern | first=Alex | title='Bug bounty': Apple to pay hackers more than $1m to find security flaws | website=the Guardian | date=2019-08-12 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/aug/12/apple-hackers-black-hat-conference }}</ref> e mantene que illo es le programma de recompensas pro vulnerabilitates con le crescentia le plus rapide in le mundo.<ref>{{cite web | title=Apple Security Bounty. Upgraded. | website=Apple Security Research | date=2022-10-27 | url=https://security.apple.com/blog/apple-security-bounty-upgraded/ }}</ref> ==Querelas== ===WhatsApp=== Le 20 de octobre 2019, WhatsApp de [[Meta Platforms]] Inc. presentava un demanda judicial contra NSO Group de Israel pro exploitar un error in su application de messageria WhatsApp pro installar software spia (Pegasus) que permitteva le vigilantia de 1400 personas in 20 paises, incluse jornalistas, activistas de derectos human, dissidentes politic e diplomatas.<ref>{{cite web |title=WhatsApp sues Israeli firm over phone hacking claims |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50230431#:~:text=Facebook%2Downed%20WhatsApp%20has%20filed,for%20the%20purposes%20of%20surveillance. |website=BBC |date=30 October 2019 |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-date=September 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920071104/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50230431#:~:text=Facebook%2Downed%20WhatsApp%20has%20filed,for%20the%20purposes%20of%20surveillance. |url-status=live }}</ref> WhatsApp diceva que illo cercava un injunction permanente pro blocar NSO de usar su servicio, e demandava al legislatores pro interdicer le uso de [[cyberarma]]s como illos que NSO Group ha vendite a governamentos. Le 9 de januario 2023, le [[Corte Supreme del Statos Unite]] negava le appello de NSO contra le decision del corte inferior de continuar le demanda e permitteva a WhatsApp persequer su demanda judicial contra NSO Group de Israel.<ref>{{cite web |title=US supreme court lets WhatsApp pursue Pegasus spyware lawsuit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/09/us-supreme-court-lets-whatsapp-pursue-pegasus-spyware-lawsuit |website=The Guardian |date=9 January 2023}}</ref> Le 7 de maio 2025, [[Meta Platforms]] Inc. annunciava que illes ganiava un demanda judicial contra NSO Group, recipente $167,3 milliones in damnos punitive e $444.719 in damnos compensatori.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Satter |first=Raphael |date= |title=Court clash between Meta and NSO ends in $168 million defeat for spyware firm |url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/court-clash-between-meta-nso-ends-168-million-defeat-spyware-firm-2025-05-06/ |work=Reuters}}</ref> ===Apple=== Le 23 de novembre 2021, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] annunciava que illo ha presentate un demanda judicial contra le compania de cybersecuritate israelian NSO Group e su compania matre OSY Technologies pro allegatemente vigilar e visar usatores de iPhone con su software spia Pegasus. Apple declarava que contrari al pretension de NSO de visar terroristas e criminales, iste software spia ha anque essite usate contra activistas, politicos e jornalistas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mehrotra and Scigliuzzo and Turton |first1=Kartikay and Davide and William |title=Apple fixes flaw exploited by Israeli firm's Pegasus spyware |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/9/13/apple-fixes-flaw-exploited-by-israeli-firms-pegasus-spyware |website=Al Jazeera |date=13 September 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-date=December 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208205925/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/9/13/apple-fixes-flaw-exploited-by-israeli-firms-pegasus-spyware |url-status=live }}</ref> Le declaration de Apple diceva que le compania cerca un injunction permanente pro prohibir a NSO Group le uso de software, servicios o apparatos de Apple pro prevenir ulterior abuso e damno al usatores.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nellis |first1=Stephen |title=Apple files lawsuit against NSO Group, saying U.S. citizens were targets |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/apple-files-lawsuit-against-nso-group-2021-11-23/ |website=Reuters |date=24 November 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-date=November 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103005859/https://www.reuters.com/technology/apple-files-lawsuit-against-nso-group-2021-11-23/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Corte Federal del S.U.=== Un corte federal del S.U. (Judice [[Phyllis J. Hamilton|Phyllis Hamilton]], Corte de Districto del S.U.) emitteva un injunction permanente prohibiente a NSO Group visar WhatsApp e su usatores. Le corte trovava provas que NSO habeva exploitate le infrastructura de WhatsApp (servidores, contos, etc.), facite ingenieria inverse del application, e usate technicas "zero-click" o similarmente furtive pro installar su [[software spia]] (p.ex. Pegasus) sur le apparatos del usatores. In le mesme decision, ben que previemente un jurata habeva adjudicate circa 167 milliones de USD in damnos punitive al matre de WhatsApp (Meta Platforms), le judice reduceva le damnos punitive a circa 4 milliones de USD, citante limites sur le rationes inter damnos punitive e compensatori.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=2025-05-06 |title=Meta awarded $167.25 million over Pegasus spyware attack |url=https://www.theverge.com/news/662242/meta-nso-group-pegasus-whatsapp-hack-damages |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |first=News |title=US court bars Israeli spyware firm from targeting WhatsApp users |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/18/us-court-bars-israeli-spyware-firm-from-targeting-whatsapp-users |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=US court orders spyware company NSO to stop targeting WhatsApp, reduces damages | work=Reuters | url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/us-court-orders-spyware-company-nso-stop-targeting-whatsapp-reduces-damages-2025-10-18/ }}</ref> == Reusos == In augusto 2024, expertos de securitate revelava que codigo simile a NSO Pegasus esseva reutilisate per agentias ligate a Russia. Illes signalava le proliferation incontrallate de instrumentos de vigilantia a actores autoritari.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lemonde.fr |date=2024-08-30 |title=Des espions russes ont utilisé des outils de piratage conçus par les entreprises NSO Group et Intellexa |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2024/08/30/des-espions-russes-ont-utilise-des-outils-de-piratage-concus-par-les-entreprises-nso-group-et-intellexa_6299481_4408996.html |quote=Nous ne savons pas comment APT29 [le groupe de pirates liés au SVR] a pu acquérir ces vulnérabilités, écrit Google, mais notre enquête montre à quel point des outils initialement conçus par des entreprises privées de cybersurveillance peuvent facilement se propager à des acteurs dangereux. » |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |access-date=October 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913063801/https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2024/08/30/des-espions-russes-ont-utilise-des-outils-de-piratage-concus-par-les-entreprises-nso-group-et-intellexa_6299481_4408996.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{Ref}} [[Categoria:Hacking in le annos 2010]] [[Categoria:Instrumentarios de malware]] [[Categoria:Malware de Android (systema operative)]] [[Categoria:Malware de iOS]] [[Categoria:Escandalos e incidentes de espionage]] [[Categoria:Spyware]] [[Categoria:Spyware usate per governamentos]] [[Categoria:Inventiones israelian]] [[Categoria:Productos introducite in 2016]] jsp3jq1jjvb4g6kuxjfpsihjbup9pj3 0 61008 697094 696968 2026-06-09T07:55:29Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Jeungsanismo''' (증산교, ''Jeungsangyo'') es un parola con duo differente usos:<ref name="Flaherty">{{cite journal |last=Flaherty |first=Robert Pearson |date=March 2004 |title=JeungSanDo and the Great Opening of the Later Heaven: Millenarianism, Syncretism, and the Religion of Gang Il-sun |url=https://nr.ucpress.edu/content/7/3/26 |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=26–44 |doi=10.1525/nr.2004.7.3.26 |access-date=March 27, 2020 |archive-date=March 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327163248/https://nr.ucpress.edu/content/7/3/26 |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327163248/https://nr.ucpress.edu/content/7/3/26 |date=March 27, 2020 }}</ref> como synonymo de [[Jeung San Do]] (증산도), un [[nove movimento religiose]] corean,<ref>See e.g. Lee Chi-ran,[https://web.archive.org/web/20140413124433/http://manak.org.in/wp-content/uploads/pdf-manak/The%20Emergence%20of%20National%20Religions%20in%20Korea.pdf "The Emergence of National Religions in Korea"], 21.</ref> o pro designar un familia de plus de 100 nove movimentos religiose corean que recognosce Kang Jeungsan ([[Gang Il-Sun]]) como le incarnation del Deo Supreme del Universo, [[Sangje]].<ref name="Handbook">{{cite book |last=Jorgensen |first=John |editor-last1=Pokorny |editor-first1=Lukas |editor-last2=Winter |editor-first2=Franz|title=Handbook of East Asian New Religious Movements |publisher=Brill |date=2018 |pages=360–381|chapter=Chapter 20: Taesunjillihoe |isbn=978-90-04-36205-5}}</ref> ==Origines e divisiones== Kang Jeungsan, recognoscite per su discipulos como le Deo Supreme incarnate, moriva le 24 de junio 1909 in le Clinica Donggok que ille habeva establite in 1908.<ref>Key Ray Chong, “Kang Jeungsan: Trials and Triumphs of a Visionary Pacifist/Nationalist, 1894-1909," in The Daesoon Academy of Sciences (ed.), ''Daesoonjinrihoe: A New Religion Emerging from Traditional East Asian Philosophy'', Yeoju: Daesoon Jinrihoe Press, 2016, 17-58.</ref> Kang non habeva designate clarmente un successor, e tanto su discipulos principal como alcunes de su parentes establiva brancas separate, que a su vice se separava in altere organisationes rival, generante plus de 100 ordines religiose intra le familia general del jeungsanismo.<ref name="Handbook"/> Totes recognosce Kang como [[Sangje]], le Deo Supreme del Universo, e crede que ille reordinava le universo integre per su mission e rituales, sed illes differe super qui deberea haber essite le successores de Kang. Alcunes de illos ha divinisate e adora como deitates lor proprie fundatores, o altere lideres del jeungsanismo, in addition a Kang.<ref name="Lee">{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Kang-o|date=1967 |title=Chungsan-gyo: Its History, Doctrine and Ritual|journal=Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch |volume=43 |pages=28–66}}</ref> Un certe numero de brancas tracea lor origines a Goh Pan-Lye (Subu, litteralmente «Dama Principal», 1880-1935, ben que in le circulo de Kang existeva duo differente «Subus»), un discipula de Kang Jeungsan. Verso septembre 1911, Goh reuniva circa se un numero de sequitores de Kang. Finalmente, le cosino de Goh, Cha Gyeong-Seok (1880-1936), un discipulo principal de Kang, deveniva le lider del branca de Goh. Discontente de iste situation, Goh se separava de Cha in 1919 e univa fortias con Lee Sangho (1888–1967), qui, insimul con su fratre Lee Jeongnip (1895–1968), establiva varie organisationes e finalmente le Quartier General de Jeungsangyo. Le fratres Lee esseva respectivemente le prime e le secunde patriarchas del Quartier General de Jeungsangyo.<ref>See Lee, “Chungsan-gyo: Its History, Doctrine and Ritual,” cit.</ref><ref name="Hong">{{cite book |last=Hong |first=Beom-Cho |title=범증산교사 (History of Global Jeungsanism)|publisher=Institute of Global Jeungsanism |location=Seoul |date=1988 |isbn=978-8989752011}}</ref> In le annos 1920, le branca de Cha, cognoscite como [[Bocheon-gyo]], deveniva le plus grande nove movimento religiose corean e possibilemente le plus grande [[religion in Korea|religion in Corea]], con circa sex milliones de sequitores.<ref>Robert Pearson Flaherty, “Korean Millennial Movements,” in ''The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism'', edited by [[Catherine Wessinger]], Oxford: Oxford University Press 2016,{{ISBN|978-01-953010-5-2}}, 326-347 (335).</ref> Illo declinava rapidemente post le morte de Cha in 1936, e se fragmentava in varie gruppos rival, como anque faceva le organisation de Goh. Le plus grande del brancas que reclama un lineage originari de Goh es [[Jeung San Do]], fundate per Ahn Un-san (1922–2012), un ancian discipulo del fratres Lee,<ref name="Hong"/> qui establiva su prime organisation religiose in 1945. Post altere divisiones, Ahn fundava le actual Jeung San Do in 1974 insimul con su filio, Ahn Gyeong-jeon (n. 1954).<ref name="Hong"/> Jeung San Do crede que, como Kang esseva Deo le Patre, Goh, venerate con le titulo de Tae-mo-nim, esseva Deo le Matre e inter 1926 e 1935 realisava su proprie reordination del universo.<ref name="Flaherty"/> Jeung San Do es le movimento intra le jeungsanismo con le presentia le plus visibile al exterior, ben que illo non es le branca le plus grande in Corea.<ref name="Handbook"/> Un altere discipulo principal de Kang Jeungsan esseva Kim Hyeong-Ryeol (1862–1932). Ille originalmente acceptava le liderato de Cha. Tamen, in 1914 ille partiva e establiva un ordine religiose independente con le vidua de Kang Jeungsan, Jeong (1874–1928). Dum le jeungsanismo in general crede que Sangje remaneva durante trenta annos in le gigante statua de Buddha Maitreya in le templo [[Geumsansa]] ante de incarnar se como Kang Jeungsan, le branca de Kim inseniava que, post su morte, Kang retornava a resider in le statua. Kim ganiava un certe appoio pro iste credentia inter le monachos buddhista in Geumsansa, sed in 1922 ille esseva expellite del monasterio per le abbate, un incidente que duceva al declino de su branca.<ref name="Lee"/> Un altere branca importante emergeva in le annos 1920 circa Jo Cheol-Je, cognoscite per su discipulos como Jo Jeongsan (1895–1958). Jo nunquam habeva incontrate personalmente a Kang, sed pretendeva haber recipite un revelation de ille in 1917. Finalmente, ille esseva recognoscite como le mysteriose successor que Kang habeva annunciate in su prophetias per le soror (Seondol, {{circa|1881}} – 1942), le matre (Kwon, 1850–1926) e le filia (Sun-Im, 1904–1959) del defuncte Kang, ben que le filia finalmente comenciava su proprie branca separate con su sposo Kim Byeong-cheol (1905–1970).<ref name="Hong"/> Le branca de Sun-Im, cognoscite como Jeung San Beob Jong Gyo, ha su quartier general in le provincia corean de [[North Jeolla|Jeolla del Nord]], e post un litigio prolongate con altere brancas obteneva le restos mortal de Kang, que se trova actualmente in su quartier general.<ref name="Lee"/> Jo organisava su movimento como Mugeukdo in 1925, sed debeva dissolver lo in 1941 a causa del [[Korea under Japanese rule|occupation japonese de Corea]] e del hostilitate de Japon verso le nove religiones. Ille lo reorganisava in 1948, e in 1950 cambiava su nomine a Taegeukdo, con quartier general in [[Busan]].<ref name="Lee"/> Jo moriva in 1958. Su discipulos continuava como un sol ordine religiose usque a 1968, recognoscente como successor de Jo a Park Wudang (1918–1996, o 1917–1995 secundo le [[calendario lunar]] normalmente usate per le movimento). Tamen, in 1968, le autoritate de Park esseva contestate per un numero de executivos senior e per un del filios de Jo, Jo Yongnae, qui se opponeva al reformas que Park habeva introducite. Le gruppo opponite a Park manteneva le quartier general prope Busan e le nomine Taegeukdo, dum Park se moveva a Seoul e reorganisava su branca in 1969 como [[Daesun Jinrihoe|Daesoon Jinrihoe]].<ref name="Park">{{cite journal |last=Park |first=In-gyu|date=April 2019 |title=대순진리회 조직체계의 변화와 그 특성 (A Study on the Changes and Characteristics in the Organizational Structure of Daesoon-jinrihoe)|journal=New Religious Studies |volume=40|pages=63–95}}</ref> Ben que le statisticas es un materia de disputa, Daesoon Jinrihoe pare esser le plus grande nove religion in le familia del jeungsanismo, e possibilemente le plus grande nove religion corean in general.<ref>See Don Baker, "The Religious Revolution in Modern Korean History: From ethics to theology and from ritual hegemony to religious freedom," ''The Review of Korean Studies'', 3 (September 2006), 249–275 (255).</ref> Al morte de Park in 1996, controversias erumpeva intra Daesoon Jinrihoe inter illes qui defendeva e illes qui negava le deification de Park como un tertie figura divin, insimul con Kang e Jo. Le branca que rejectava le deification manteneva le controlo del quartier general in [[Yeoju]] e esseva sequite per un grande majoritate del membros, dum altere quatro brancas (e possibilemente plus) recognosce Park como o un deo o le Buddha Maitreya e se separava del organisation principal, con le qual duo de illos mantene, totevia, un dialogo.<ref name="Park"/> ==Vide etiam== * [[Gang Il-Sun]] * [[Daesun Jinrihoe]] * [[Jeung San Do]] * [[Bocheonismo]] {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Nove religiones corean]] [[Categoria:Organisationes religiose con sede in Corea del Sud]] [[Categoria:Religiones de Asia Oriental]] [[Categoria:Religion in Corea sub le dominio japonese]] ggs0m3kvfnsk8tpgqchzpenlztut9pw 0 61012 697090 696982 2026-06-09T06:48:42Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Herman Husband''' (3 de decembre 1724 – 19 de junio 1795) esseva un fermero, pamphletista, autor, e predicator american melio cognoscite como un leader del [[Movimento del Regulatores]], un rebellion populista in le [[Provincia de Carolina del Nord]] in le annos precedente le [[Guerra de Independentia del Statos Unite]]. Husband esseva duo vices elegite al assemblea de [[Carolina del Nord]] sed esseva expellite durante su secunde mandato. ==Prime annos de vita== Husband nasceva le 3 de decembre 1724, in le [[Contato de Cecil, Maryland]], de William Husband e Mary Kinkey/Kankey.<ref name=cecil>''Annual Report of the [[American Historical Association]] For The Year 1894, [[Washington, D.C.]]'', [[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]], 1895, pp. 155 - 157.</ref> Ille esseva probabilemente nominate secundo su granpatre maternal, Herman Kankey. Herman esseva elevate como un [[anglicano]]. Le familia de su granpatre paternal William Husband veniva de Anglaterra, e esseva originalmente servitores contractate, qui plus tarde deveniva proprietarios de terra e de sclavos.<ref>{{cite book |title=Herman Husband |author=Mary Elinor Lazenby |publisher=University of California |year=1940 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BM-AAAAIAAJ&dq=herman+husband+william+husband+england&pg=PA4}} </ref> Le latere de su matre (le Kankeys) veniva de [[Hamburg]] in Germania, e su granpatre maternal Herman Kankey esseva un tavernero religiose qui esseva anque un critico del sclavitude.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newrivernotes.com/herman-husband/ |title=Herman Husband |author=James A. Quinn |website=New River Notes |access-date=August 31, 2024}} </ref> Un del multes qui esseva inspirate al [[Prime Grande Esvigilamento|Grande Esvigilamento]] post audir predicar [[George Whitefield]], ille deveniva un [[presbyteriano]] "Nove Lumine" e postea un [[quakero]]. ==Affiliation con Benjamin Franklin== Displacente se a [[Loves Creek, Carolina del Nord|Loves Creek]] in lo que es ora [[Siler City, Carolina del Nord]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandy Creek Baptist Association|url=http://www.sandycreekba.com/352391|accessdate=27 October 2013|archive-date=26 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126052402/http://sandycreekba.com/352391|url-status=dead|archivedate=26 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126052402/http://sandycreekba.com/352391}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=North Carolina Historical Marker Program, Herman Husband|url=http://ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=K-62|accessdate=May 9, 2019|archive-date=October 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009171826/http://ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=K-62|url-status=dead|archivedate=October 9, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009171826/http://ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=K-62}}</ref> Carolina del Nord<ref name=cecil/><ref>{{cite web|title=Husband's Mill Randolph County|url=http://randolphhistory.wordpress.com/tag/sandy-creek/|accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref> e plus tarde a Sandy Creek<ref>{{cite web|title=Sandy Creek Husband's Mill|url=http://randolphhistory.wordpress.com/tag/sandy-creek/|accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref> in lo que es ora le Contato de Randolph in le annos 1750, Husband se stabiliva como un fermero e leader religiose. On le demandava plus tarde de quitar le Reunion del Quakeros e ille lo faceva sed continuava a sequer multe de lor dogmas, includente un pacifismo stricte. Philosophicamente ille esseva attrahite al sapientia de [[Ben Franklin]]. Husband e Franklin manteneva un correspondentia via John Willcox,<ref>George Willcox 1988. ''John Willcox 1728-1793 of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, North Carolina, and Chatham County, North Carolina''. Historical Research Company. page 27. </ref> un mercante de Cross Creek, ora [[Fayetteville, Carolina del Nord]], qui viagiava a [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], duo vices per anno pro acquirer benes. John Willcox esseva le filio de Thomas Willcox, cuje molino de papiro in [[Municipio de Concord, Contato de Delaware, Pennsylvania|Municipio de Concord, Contato de Delaware]], fabricava papiro usate per Benjamin Franklin pro su publicationes.<ref>George Willcox 1988. ''John Willcox 1728-1793 of Chester County, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, North Carolina, and Chatham County, North Carolina''. Historical Research Company. pages 1-2. </ref> Husband recipeva assi pamphletos politic de natura patriotic que ille reimprimeva e circulava inter su concitadanos.<ref name=cecil/> ==Rebellion del Regulatores== In le annos 1760, ille esseva implicate in le resistentia contra le practicas corrupte de officiales governamental predatori—principalmente le advocatos e judices. Ille esseva elegite al assemblea del colonia e parlava contra le abusos governamental. Su historia recorda lo de [[John Wilkes]]. Ille esseva prisionate pro parlar e postea liberate quando un [[turba furiose]] de fermeros armate del interior veniva pro liberar le. Le resistentes se organisava e comenciava a appellar se "Regulatores" proque illes voleva regular le governamento, id est—fortiar lo a obedir le leges. Assi le movimento es cognoscite como le [[Guerra del Regulation|Rebellion del Regulatores]]. Actiones de turba esseva interprendite pro prevenir le pejor abusos del cortes. Husband negava sempre que ille esseva un Regulator, e de facto, como pacifista, ille non participava in violentia o menacias de violentia. Sed ille esseva un portavoce e un symbolo pro le resistentia. Ille faceva imprimer plure tractatos, le plus cognoscite essente "Shew Yourselves to be Freemen" (1769), "An Impartial Relation of the First and Causes of the Recent Differences in Public Affairs" (1770), e "A Fan For Fanning And A Touchstone For Tryon" (1771). In 1770, Husband esseva [http://projects.newsobserver.com/under_the_dome/faq/who_has_been_expelled_from_the_legislature expellite] del legislatura del stato, ostensibilemente pro [http://projects.newsobserver.com/under_the_dome/herman_husbands_libel_charge libello] sed multo probabilemente debite a su affiliation con le Regulatores. Quando le officiales del [[Contato de Rowan, Carolina del Nord]], consentiva a decider le disputa inter se e le Regulatores per un committe de arbitratio, Husband esseva seligite pro servir in le committe.<ref name=cecil/> Husband accompaniava le Regulatores le matino del [[Battalia de Alamance]] (16 de maio 1771) e cercava de effectuar un adjustamento. Vidente que isto esseva impossibile, ille montava su cavallo e se ne ibat, su principios quakero dictante que ille evitava le participation in un combatto. Un parve corno de pulvere usate per le cosino de Husband, Harmon Cox, in le Battalia de Alamance e plus tarde portate per Husband quando ille fugiva al Contato de Somerset, Pennsylvania, esseva donate al Sito Historic del Stato de Carolina del Nord del Campo de Battalia de Alamance per un descendente, Nick Sheedy, in 2008. Post que le "rebellion" esseva vincite in le Battalia de Alamance, Husband fugiva a [[Maryland]] sub le nomine "Tuscape Death" e plus tarde se appellava "Old Quaker". Ille reclamava su proprie nomine aperte solmente post le [[Revolution American]]. Husband continuava su viages tanto physic como metaphysic, stabiliente se finalmente in un area cognoscite como "The Glades" in lo que esseva tunc le [[Contato de Bedford, Pennsylvania]] e plus tarde deveniva parte del [[Contato de Somerset, Pennsylvania]] in [[Pennsylvania Occidental]] e deveniente un predicator millenarista assi como un reformator politic. Ille appellava pro un [[taxation progressive]], papiro-moneta, e, como proponente de un major participation del gente commun in le governamento assi como in le religion, plus democratia. In 1782 ille publicava un pamphleto titulate "Proposals to Amend and Perfect the Policy of the Government of the United States of America" ubi ille argumentava in favor de districtos legislative plus parve e legislaturas pro cata contato pro maximisar le influentia del votantes. Pro le prime electiones federal in 1788 Husband argumentava in favor de eliger congressistas in districtos in loco del methodo de tote le stato que esseva usate. ==Rebellion del Whiskey== Su natura franc e su reputation de radicalismo le traheva in le [[Rebellion del Whiskey]] (1794), ubi ille serviva como delegato al reuniones de Parkinson’s Ferry e [[Brownsville, Pennsylvania|Redstone]] tentante moderar le resistentia violente al imposto de consumo super le whiskey defendite per le Secretario del Tresor [[Alexander Hamilton]]. Ille es anque associate con le erection de un [[polo de libertate]] in Brunerstown (hodie [[Somerset, Pennsylvania]]) in le [[placia del citate]], adornate con un [[insignia]] proclamante, "Libertate e Necun Imposto de Consumo". Quando le truppas federal marchava ultra le [[Montes Allegheny]], ostensibilemente pro supprimer le revolta, illes trovava necun revoltante sed un manco de provisiones lo que los duceva a furar de fermeros local, de lo que illes acquireva le nomine ignominiose de "Armea de Melones de Aqua" (Watermelon Army). Le fortias federal arrestava suspectos, includente Husband, qui esseva specificamente cercate. Le detenutos esseva tenite in conditiones miserabile e postea marchate retro al est pro judicio. Ille esseva judicate pro traition, sed acquitite. Amicos intercedeva pro assecurar le liberation de Husband.<ref name=cecil/> ==Morte== Post passar circa sex menses in prision, al etate de 70 annos, Herman Husband moriva circa le 19 de junio 1795, in un taverna extra Philadelphia, durante su viage a domo.<ref name="Jones">{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Mark H. |title=Herman Husband |website=NCPedia|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/husband-or-husbands|year=1988|accessdate=May 9, 2019}}</ref> Su sanitate se habeva deteriorate durante su tempore in prision. Le loco de su sepultura es incognite.<ref name="Jones"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://archives.post-gazette.com/clip/63100337/toscape-death/ | title=Toscape Death | newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press | date=6 November 1966 | page=202 }}</ref> Su descendente esseva le Admiral del Marina del SUA [[Husband E. Kimmel]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=York Co. grandson battles to clear admiral's name |url=https://www.heraldonline.com/latest-news/article12279821.html}}</ref> ==Referentias== {{reflist}} ==Fontes== * {{cite web|url=http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/55/entry|publisher=North Carolina History Project|title=Herman Husband|author=Carney, Richard|accessdate=May 9, 2019|archive-date=March 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313201658/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/55/entry/|url-status=dead|archivedate=March 13, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313201658/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/55/entry/}} * {{cite web|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6233/|publisher=History Matters|title=Shew Yourselves to be Freemen": Herman Husband and the North Carolina Regulators, 1769|accessdate=May 9, 2019}} * Hogeland, William. ''The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the Frontier Rebels Who Challenged America's Newfound Sovereignty''. New York: Scribner, 2006. {{ISBN|0-7432-5490-2}}. {{DEFAULTSORT:Husband, Herman}} [[Category:Nascentias in 1724]] [[Category:Mortes in 1795]] [[Category:Resistentes de impostos american]] [[Category:Prisioneros e detenutos american]] [[Category:Gente del Carolina del Nord colonial]] [[Category:Gente repudiate per le quakeros]] [[Category:Membros expellite del Assemblea General de Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Gente del Contato de Cecil, Maryland]] [[Category:Gente del Rebellion del Whiskey]] [[Category:Gente del Contato de Randolph, Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Activistas de Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Gente de Siler City, Carolina del Nord]] [[Category:Politicos american del seculo 18]] [[Category:Prisioneros e detenutos del governamento federal del Statos Unite del seculo 18]] [[Category:Prisioneros e detenutos del armea del Statos Unite]] [[Category:Gente acquitite de traition]] [[Category:Fermeros de Carolina del Nord]] elukm13b4tckuw8btnt4bwrevt5w7sv 0 61019 697089 697027 2026-06-09T04:42:59Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 697089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Déflation au Japon.png|thumb|Inflation de [[Japon]] desde le annos 1990 usque a 2013. Sub le zero se observa le [[Economia de Japon#Annos recente|epochas deflationari]].]] Le '''deflation''' o '''inflation negative''', in [[economia]], es le diminution generalisate e sustenite del [[precio|precios]] de [[Ben economic|benes]] e [[Servicio (economia)|servicios]]. Le [[Fondo Monetari International]] (FMI) considera que existe deflation quando iste cadita se prolonga al minus durante duo semestres consecutive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/spa/2002/12/pdf/basics.pdf|title=Deflation: periculo imminente|website=Fondo Monetari International|date=12 de decembre 2002|access-date=28 de septembre 2025}}</ref> Generalmente, le deflation es associate a un debilitate in le [[demanda aggregate]] e a un excesso de [[capacitate installate]] in le [[offerta]].<ref name="Moulier">{{cite book|last=Moulier Boutang|first=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|year=2010|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}}</ref> == Effectos del deflation == === Periculos del deflation === Le disavantages del deflation es basicamente le reduction del activitate economic, le augmento del [[disoccupation]], le augmento de incertitude economic, le augmento del [[taxa de interesse nominal|taxas de interesse real]] per le cadita de precios, e le cadita del demanda.<ref name="Hussman2010">{{cite web | last1 = Krugman , Ph.D. | first1 =Paul , R. | author-link1 = | title = Why Is Deflation Bad? | year = 2010 | url = http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/02/why-is-deflation-bad/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=1 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=peligro_deflación>[http://economistasfrentealacrisis.com/el-peligro-de-la-deflacion/ Le periculo del deflation], Julio Rodríguez López, Economistas Frente a la Crisis, 23 de april 2014</ref> Le periculositate de iste situation proveni de lo difficile que es exir de illo, ja que se crea un [[circulo viciose]] per le qual, al cader le demanda, le interprisas vide reducite lor margines de ganio al trovar se in le necessitate de reducer le precios pro obtener ventas; como consequentia de illo, illos debe reducer costes, lo que implica un reduction in le numero de empleos. A su vice, si il ha gente qui resta [[disoccupation|sin travalio]], le demanda continuara a diminuer, ja que istes tamben cessara de comprar.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le deflation suppone le descenso de precios que incide in le diminution del [[Demanda aggregate|dispensa aggregate]], le qual affecta negativemente le activitate e le empleo. Iste "balla" quasi imparabile provoca un [[crise economic]] con effectos negativos super le ricchezza, su [[distribution del ricchezza|distribution]] e le [[disequalitate social]], ja que illo beneficia le creditores in prejudicio del debitores. Como le precios cade, se produce un augmento del [[taxa de interesse]] real (mesmo quando le interesse nominal mantene o mesmo abassa su valor), producente un cadita del demanda e del activitate economic general.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> === Avantages del deflation === Malgrado le periculos del deflation, alicun economistas del [[schola austriac]] defende le deflation como alique positive,<ref name="#1">{{cite web|last1=PHILIPP|title=BAGUS|url=https://mises.org/library/deflation-when-austrians-become-interventionists|website=DEFLATION: WHEN AUSTRIANS BECOME INTERVENTIONISTS|language=anglese}}</ref> argumentante que al abassar le precios, le [[potere acquisitive|potere de compra]] del individuo augmentarea; nonobstante, illes tamben assume que iste deflation ha problemas in le economia a curte termino.<ref name="#1"/> == Mesuras contra le deflation == Le instrumento pro luctar contra le deflation es le [[politica monetari]] e le controlo del [[offerta de moneta]]. Se considera que le election de Roosevelt al presidentia del Statos Unite in 1932 e le forte augmento que le nove governamento provocava in le quantitate de moneta ha jocate un rolo importante in le recuperation.<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Le politicas que le Administration pote applicar pro ager contra le deflation essera orientate a potentiar le demanda pro colmar le discrepantia con le offerta. Le consenso inter le economistas super le melior option se limita al emphase in ager ''a priori'' (prevenir le deflation) plus que ''a posteriori'' (combatter le deflation). Ben que se considera necessari stimular le demanda, tamben es importante compatibilisar dicte demanda (normalmente augmentante le [[offerta de moneta]] e recurrente a vices al [[expansion quantitative]]) con un controlo del nivellos de debita private e public.<ref name="estancamiento_europa">{{cite journal|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|date=2015|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|pages=38|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016|last1=Costas}}</ref> A partir de ibi, le opiniones se agrupa circa duo propostas. Le prime, [[monetarismo|monetarista]], suggere abassar le taxas de interesse e apportar fondos al entitates financiari pro fover le credito a familias e interprisas. Le secunde, de character [[keynesianismo|keynesian]], propone incrementar le dispensa public pro dinamisar le economia. Normalmente, le option le plus adequate dependera de cata situation e consistera in un combination de ambe propostas. == Deflation e disinflation == Es necessario distinguer deflation de [[disinflation]]. Le disinflation se defini como un disacceleration del precios, es dicer, illos continua a crescer sed a un rithmo menor, dum que le deflation implicarea taxas de variation negative del IPC. == Causas del deflation == Le deflation se produce quando le [[offerta]] de [[benes e servicios]] in un economia es superior al [[Demanda (economia)|demanda]]: le sector empresarial se vide obligate a reducer le precios pro poter vender le production e non vider se obligate a accumular depositos. Iste disequilibrio inter offerta e demanda pote venir de duo motivos fundamental. === Insufficientia del demanda === Durante le [[Grande Depression]] occurrite principalmente in le Statos Unite, a fin del annos 1920, le collapso del mercatos bursatil e le collapso del systema financiari reduceva drasticamente le capacitate de dispensa del familias e del interprisas. Al clauder (o reducer lor dimension) le interprisas (debite al collapsos bursatil e financiari), le disoccupation augmentava de forma drastic e le consumo se affundava. Iste affundamento del consumo se tradeceva in un menor production, lo que conduceva a salarios plus basse o a plus de licentiamentos, lo que conduce a nove diminutiones de precios. Inter augusto 1929 e martio 1933, le [[Indice de precios al consumator|IPC]] se reduceva de 24%, entrante assi in un spiral deflationari. Post le election de [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], se initiava un serie de mesuras economic ([[New Deal|new deal]]) que incentivava le demanda e stimulava le [[consumo]], liberante le Statos Unite del deflation. === Excesso del offerta === Le melior exemplo es le [[Grande Recession]] que se initiava in 2008. In le ultime annos del forte cyclo expansive del ultime decennio del 20e seculo, le interprisas interprendeva numerose projectos de investimento, seducite per le opportunitates del "nove economia". Le non-cristallisation de iste expectationes lassava le sector productive (super toto in le SUA) con un forte excesso de capacitate que non esseva purgate ni compensate per le demanda. In le Statos Unite, le uso del capacitate productive esseva (in april 2003) de 74%, septe punctos sub le media de 1972-2002. Le impacto de iste disequilibrio super le precios pote vider se accentuate per cambios structural in le economia mundial que implica un incremento del productivitate o del competentia inter le interprisas, como occurre in le ultime annos con le progressive disparition del barrieras al commercio mundial e le liberalisation de sectores basic (telephonia, transporto, energia) in multe paises. == Casos de deflation == In le prime annos del historia economic del Statos Unite, le cyclos de inflation e deflation se correlacionava con le fluxos de capital inter regiones, prestante se moneta desde le centro financiari del nord-est al regiones productores de materias prime del (medio)-west e del sud. De maniera [[procyclic]], le precios del materias prime ascendeva quando entrava capital, es dicer, quando le bancos esseva disposte a prestar, e descendeva in le annos de depression de 1818 e 1839 quando le bancos revocava le prestitos.<ref name="North1966"> {{cite book |title = El crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos 1790-1860 |last = North |first = Douglas C. |year = 1966 |publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |location = Nueva York, Londres |isbn = 978-0-393-00346-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/economicgrowthof00doug }} </ref> In plus, in aquella epocha il non habeva papel-moneta national e le monetas metallic escasseava. Le major parte del moneta circulava in forma de bilyetes de banco, que normalmente se vendeva con disconto in function del distantia al banco emissor e del solides financiari percipite del banco. Quando le bancos bankruptcyava, lor bilyetes se excambiava pro reservas bancari, lo que frequentemente non se tradeceva in un pagamento al [[valor nominal]], e a vices le bilyetes perdeva tote lor valor. Durante le Grande Depression, le personas qui debeva moneta a un banco de qual le depositos habeva essite congelate a vices emeva libretas de sparnio (depositos de altere personas in le banco) con disconto e las utilisava pro saldar lor debita al valor nominal.<ref>Benjamin Roth, ed., James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''The Bank of the United States'' (La Gran Depresión, 1951). James Ledbetter y Daniel B. Roth, ''La Gran Depresión: Un diario''. Perseus Books, 2009, p. 36. "En lugares como Youngstown también surgió un mercado de compra de 'libretas de ahorro' bancarias. Si en 1931 estabas lo bastante desesperado por conseguir dinero para comprar artículos de primera necesidad, podías conseguir entre 60 y 70 centavos por dólar por el valor de tus cartillas. Los periódicos locales incluso publicaban las tarifas semanales de compra y venta de estas cartillas, ya que se habían convertido en una mercancía; Roth pegó una de esas tablas de tarifas en su diario"</ref> Le deflation se produceva periodicamente in le Statos Unite durante le {{seculo|XIX||s}} (le exception le plus importante esseva durante le Guerra Civil). Iste deflation esseva causate a vices per le progresso technologic que creava un [[crescentia economic]] significative, sed in altere occasiones illo esseva desencadenate per [[Crise financiari#seculo XIX|crises crises]] - notabilmente le [[Panico de 1837]] que causava deflation usque a 1844, e le [[Panico de 1873]] que desencadenava le [[Longe Depression]] que durava usque a 1879. <ref name="North1966"/> Iste periodos deflationari precedeva le creation del [[Systema del Reserva Federal]] statounitese e su gestion active del affares monetari. Le episodios de deflation ha essite rar e breve desde le creation del Reserva Federal (un exception notabile esseva le [[Grande Depression]]), dum que le progresso economic del Statos Unite non ha habite precedentes. Le deflation ha essite un phenomeno multo pauc frequente in le {{seculo|XX||s}}, ubi solmente se ha registrate duo casos relevante. Le prime, ja citate, esseva le [[Grande Depression]] nord-american. Le presidente [[FDR|Roosevelt]], quando ille attingeva le presidentia in 1932, realisava un [[New Deal|forte augmento]] del [[offerta monetari|quantitate de moneta]] que jocava un rolo importante in le [[Historia del Statos Unite (1945-64)|recuperation economic statounitese]].<ref name=peligro_deflación/> Un crise financiari in Anglaterra in 1818 faceva que le bancos revocava le prestitos e restringeva le nove prestitos, drenante le moneta del SUA. {{citation needed|date=February 2021}}. Le Banco del Statos Unite tamben reduceva su prestitos. Le precios del coton e del tabaco cadeva. Le precio del productos agricole tamben se videva pressionate per le retorno del recoltas normal post 1816, le ''[[anno sin estate]]'', que provocava fame a grande scala e elevate precios agricole.<ref>{{Harvnb|Taylor|1951|pp=336}}</ref> Il habeva varie causas del deflation del grave depression de 1839-1843, que includeva un excesso de offerta de productos agricole (super toto coton), ja que le nove terras de cultivo entrava in production post le grande ventas de terras federal un pauc de annos ante, le bancos exigeva le pagamento in auro o argento, le bankruptia de varie bancos, le non-pagamento de varie statos de lor obligationes e le bancos britannic reduceva le fluxo de species al SUA.<ref name="North1966"/><ref>{{cite web | last1 = Wallis | first1 = Hohn Joseph | last2 = Oficina Nacional de Investigación Económica | title = La Depresión de 1839 a 1843 | url = http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf | accessdate = 2026-06-06 | archivedate = 2012-03-07 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120307144159/http://www.startabank.com/history/200809_TheDepression/depression1839.pdf }}</ref> Iste cyclo se ha delineate a grande scala durante le [[Grande Depression]]. In parte debite al excesso de capacitate e al saturation del mercato, e in parte como resultato del [[Lege tariffari Smoot-Hawley]], le commercio international se contraheva drasticamente, lo que reduceva drasticamente le demanda de benes, eliminante assi un grande quantitate de capacitate e desencadenante un serie de bankruptias bancari. Un situation simile in Japon, que comenciava con le collapso del mercato bursatil e immobiliari al initio del decennio de 1990, esseva frenate per le governamento japonese, que impediva le collapso del majoritate del bancos e assumeva le controlo directe de varie de illos in le pejor conditiones. Altere casos de deflation es le de [[Japon]] e [[Svedia]] (-20% in precios). In Japon desde le medie del annos 1990 usque al actualitate (-25% de cadita del precios), e in Svedia illo obligava le [[Banco de Svedia]] a operar con [[taxas de interesse]] de deposito negative (-0,25%). Le [[Grande Recession]] provocava le [[Crise del Euro]] in [[Union Europea|Europa]], lo que ha implicate periodos de recession in alicun paises [[Recession in Espania|como Espania]] e un forte [[Depression grec|deflation in Grecia]]. Le exemplo historic le plus profunde de deflation esseva registrate per le economia japonese durante le stagnation economic que Japon viveva desde le fin de 1991 como consequentia del explosion del bulla financiari e immobiliari gestate desde le medie del decennio de 1980 inter 1991 e 2001, retornante a experimentar deflation mesmo in le decennio de 2011 a 2021. Durante 30 annos, le deflation se presentava in 23 del 30 annos analysate.<ref>{{Cita noticia|apellidos=Tabuchi|nombre=Hiroko|título=When Consumers Cut Back: An Object Lesson From Japan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/22/business/worldbusiness/22japan.html?fta=y|fecha=22 de febrero de 2009|fechaacceso=15 de septiembre de 2021|periódico=New York Times}}</ref>Argentina experimentava deflation durante le governamento de [[Carlos Menem|Carlos Saúl Menem]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_vQJXkcM9A|título=Reporte de Telefe de Noviembre, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1999/99-04/99-04-07/pag17.htm|título=Deflación en el final del gobierno de Carlos Menem}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.fcen.uba.ar/prensa/micro/1992/ms89.htm|título=Archivo histórico sobre la deflación en la Argentina durante el gobierno de Menem, 1992}}</ref> e [[Fernando de la Rúa]]<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-01/00-01-05/pag04.htm|título=Deflación durante el gobierno de De La Rúa (Nota de 1999)}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-59494504|título=Nota de la BBC que menciona la deflación del año 2001 durante el gobierno de De La Rúa}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|título=Reportaje que menciona la deflación en el gobierno de De La Rúa|fechaacceso=20 de agosto de 2022|fechaarchivo=10 de mayo de 2022|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf|deadurl=yes|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-06-06|archivedate=2022-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510184243/https://www.cac.com.ar/data/documentos/10_Historia%20de%20la%20inflaci%C3%B3n%20en%20Argentina.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.mariorapoport.com.ar/uploadsarchivos/la_inflacio__n_en_pdf.pdf|título=Una revisión histórica de la inflación argentina y de sus causas Mario Rapoport}}</ref>, alique que non occurreva in iste pais desde le decennios de 1920 e 1930<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.clarin.com/economia/inflacion-deflacion_0_SJoMjA3xCYl.html#|título=Nota de Clarín sobre la deflación en las décadas de 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3794/379463801010/html/|título=Deflación en las décadas 1920 y 1930}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/65788/CONICET_Digital_Nro.9e98e9b3-490b-4437-a2c4-6b81aefa9070_A.pdf|título="Circulando en el laberinto: la economía argentina entre la depresión y la guerra 1929-1939"}}</ref> In menor mesura, [[Venezuela]] tamben esseva un altere del paises que entrava in deflation, durante le governamento de [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]. In 1953 e 1955 se registrava un deflation de 1,7% e 1,1% respectivemente. Isto esseva le producto del excesso de offerta in le economia venezuelan, sed le effectos negativos esseva corrigite in su majoritate per le exportationes.<ref name="Economía1952-57">{{cita web|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|autor=Francisco Pérez Alviárez|título=Así se movió la economía en el Gobierno de Pérez Jiménez (+gráficos)|fecha=23 de enero de 2013|página=|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903062206/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/economia/banca/asi-se-movio-la-economia-en-el-gobierno-de-perez-j.aspx|fechaarchivo=3 de septiembre de 2014}}</ref> == Vide tamben == * [[Inflation]] * [[Stagflation]] * [[Disinflation]] * [[Indice de precios al consumator]] * [[Recession]] * [[Crise economic]] * [[Crise financiari]] * [[Grande Depression]] * [[Grande Recession]] * [[Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19#Causas e impactos economic|Impacto socioeconomic del pandemia de COVID-19]] {{Referentias}} == Bibliographia == *{{cite journal|last1=Costas|first1=Antón|last2=Arias|first2=Xosé Carlos|title=Economía europea: ¿hacia el estancamiento secular?|journal=Instituto Universitario de Análisis Económico y Social ISSN: 2172 - 7856|date=2015|pages=38|url=http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=9 de decembre 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141438/http://dspace.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/10017/21519/economia_costas_IAESDT_2015_N06.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=20 de decembre 2016}} * [[Fondo Monetari International]], [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/def/2003/eng/043003.pdf Deflation: Determinants, Risks, and Policy Options - Findings of an Independent Task Force], Washington D.C., 30 de april 2003 * Fondo Monetari International, [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/esl/index.htm Perspectivas de la economía mundial: Globalización e inflación], Washington D.C., april 2006. * {{cite book|last1=Moulier Boutang|first1=Yann|title=La abeja y el economista|date=2010|publisher=Traficantes de sueños|isbn=978-84-96453-69-2|page=66|url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/F8941.pdf|access-date=9 de decembre 2016}} [[Categoria:Terminologia economic]] [[Categoria:Inflation]] [[Categoria:Conceptos basic de financas]] [[Categoria:Macroeconomia e economia monetari]] nsl0gd0phx5r54p6wq7mnvk0hux7hff