Pedophilophobia

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    <title>Pedophilophobia</title>
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Le '''pedophilophobia''' (phobia, del [[greco ancian]] Φόϐος, 'panico') es le hostilitate, explicite o implicite, verso individuos cuje preferentias amorose o sexual concerne le infantes o, in un senso ample, le adolescentes. Iste hostilitate se originarea del pavor, del odio, del aversion o ancora del disapprobation intellectual intolerante verso le [[pedophilia]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.falsiabusi.it/documenti/Neologismi_ped.pdf Neologismi ?” Pedofilofobia”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928105851/http://www.falsiabusi.it/documenti/Neologismi_ped.pdf |date=2013-09-28 }} (in italiano). ''Il Mattino'', 2009-12-22.&lt;/ref&gt; 
== Origines e causas ==
[[File:Graffiti Poznan Pedofilia.jpg|170px|thumb|left|Graffiti in [[Polonia]] incitante al assassinato de pedophilos.]]

Le psychiatro austriac [[Wilhelm Reich]], alumno de [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]], qui essayava compatibilisar le [[psychoanalyse]] con le analyse [[Marxismo|marxista]], attribueva le repression del sexualitate infantil e le consequente repression del sexualitate adulte a un imposition moral millennari que se manifestarea in le systema capitalista a transverso le familia burgese e patriarcal, le qual agerea como representante e reproductor del repression politic del stato. Utilisante le religion como dispositivo, le familia conservator realisarea le function de preservar le modello familiar existente mediante le perpetuation de institutiones como le matrimonio indissolubile e de principios moral como le fidelitate conjugal.&lt;ref&gt;Reich, Wilhelm. ''Der Einbruch der sexuellen Zwangsmoral'' (in germano). Colonia: Kiepenheuer und Witsch, 1995. {{ISBN|978-3-462-02471-5}}.&lt;/ref&gt; In obras como ''Massenpsychologie des Faschismus''&lt;ref&gt;Reich, Wilhelm. ''Massenpsychologie des Faschismus'' (in germano). Colonia: Anaconda Verlag, 2011. {{ISBN|3866476663}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

In su essayo ''[[L'Enfant au masculin]]'' (1980), le scriptor francese [[Tony Duvert]] analysa e denuncia lo que considera le perpetuation de un domination super homosexuales, pedophilos e infantes, non de classe ni sexual, ma moral e de &quot;cultura sexual&quot;: le &quot;heterocratia&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;Sebhan, Gilles. ''Tony Duvert, l'enfant silencieux'' (in francese). Paris: Denoël, 2010, p. 105-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

El investigador italiano Tuziak Bogdan de la Universidad de L'Aquila creó la Escala de Pedophilophobia, que nos permite evaluar el grado de miedo y agresión hacia los pedófilos y la pedofilia, como un fenómeno &lt;ref&gt;Tuziak Bogdan. Development and Validation of the Pedophilophobia Scale. [https://www.ijip.in/index.php/component/content/article/81-v414/1680-development-and-validation-of-the-pedophilophobia-scale-.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191139/http://www.ijip.in/index.php/component/content/article/81-v414/1680-development-and-validation-of-the-pedophilophobia-scale-.html |date=2017-10-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referentias ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Vide etiam ==
* [[Activismo pedophile]]
* [[Differentia inter pedophilia e pederastia]]
[[Categoria:Pedophilia]]</text>
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| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3333989|Q3333989]]
| ''[[:d:Q3333989|minor local entity of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3360771|Q3360771]]
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3373237|Q3373237]]
| ''[[:d:Q3373237|payam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3434769|Q3434769]]
| ''[[:d:Q3434769|macroregion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3455524|Q3455524]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18810687|political institution]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3477348|Q3477348]]
| ''[[:d:Q3477348|urban area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3491994|Q3491994]]
| ''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3518810|Q3518810]]
| ''[[:d:Q3518810|unorganized area of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q269528|unincorporated area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3532042|Q3532042]]
| ''[[:d:Q3532042|block]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3642453|Q3642453]]
| ''[[:d:Q3642453|Borgate officielles de Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3677901|Q3677901]]
| ''[[:d:Q3677901|circunscripción]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21286738|Wikimedia permanent duplicate item]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3689003|Q3689003]]
| ''[[:d:Q3689003|contrada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3772949|Q3772949]]
| ''[[:d:Q3772949|subah]]''
| [[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3818638|Q3818638]]
| ''[[:d:Q3818638|mudiriyah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3826458|Q3826458]]
| ''[[:d:Q3826458|lamidat]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4008486|Q4008486]]
| ''[[:d:Q4008486|Borgo Vanchiglia]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4024737|Q4024737]]
| ''[[:d:Q4024737|pastoral zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4129217|Q4129217]]
| ''[[:d:Q4129217|vyselok]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4165160|Q4165160]]
| ''[[:d:Q4165160|ドーリャ]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4208486|Q4208486]]
| ''[[:d:Q4208486|qadiyat]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4313916|Q4313916]]
| ''[[:d:Q4313916|Nasleg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1192440|history of the administrative division of Russia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1376945|Administrative divisions of the Sakha Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4315043|Q4315043]]
| ''[[:d:Q4315043|district national]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4332636|Q4332636]]
| ''[[:d:Q4332636|Кас]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4377540|Q4377540]]
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4388751|Q4388751]]
| ''[[:d:Q4388751|razryad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4393587|Q4393587]]
| ''[[:d:Q4393587|republic]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4425709|Q4425709]]
| ''[[:d:Q4425709|sō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4456179|Q4456179]]
| ''[[:d:Q4456179|territorial unit with special status of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4535144|Q4535144]]
| ''[[:d:Q4535144|yurt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4691989|Q4691989]]
| ''[[:d:Q4691989|agency]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4856913|Q4856913]]
| ''[[:d:Q4856913|banner]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4897108|Q4897108]]
| ''[[:d:Q4897108|partida]]''
| ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4899885|Q4899885]]
| ''[[:d:Q4899885|beylerbeylik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4976993|Q4976993]]
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5121385|Q5121385]]
| ''[[:d:Q5121385|circle]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5144960|Q5144960]]
| ''[[:d:Q5144960|microregion]]''
| [[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5148433|Q5148433]]
| ''[[:d:Q5148433|Mexico City colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5154611|Q5154611]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154611|community]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5195043|Q5195043]]
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5284423|Q5284423]]
| ''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5284624|Q5284624]]
| ''[[:d:Q5284624|division of West Bengal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5434436|Q5434436]]
| ''[[:d:Q5434436|fanzhen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10922837|administrative territorial entity of the Tang dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1197588|military government]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5473816|Q5473816]]
| ''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5571369|Q5571369]]
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5084|Q5084]]
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1497375|architectural ensemble]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4632675|dwelling place]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6256|Q6256]]
| [[pais]]
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7275|Q7275]]
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1896989|subject of international law]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q96196009|former or current state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211606|social structure]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| organisation politic e juridic de un territorio delimitate
|-
| [[:d:Q7688|Q7688]]
| ''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12829|Q12829]]
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_fb1f64d34c5132f5694317071ca178ed1972feacbb7953a7f9690398b08c1731&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q13219454|Library of Congress Authorities]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15284|Q15284]]
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| division administrative
|-
| [[:d:Q19576|Q19576]]
| ''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q23058|Q23058]]
| [[cantones de Switza]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[canton]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| entitates administrative constituente de Switza
|-
| [[:d:Q24764|Q24764]]
| ''[[:d:Q24764|municipality of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27002|Q27002]]
| ''[[:d:Q27002|selsoviet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211201|Soviet]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q31749783|selsoviet]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q28575|Q28575]]
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;[[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q30059|Q30059]]
| ''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q34876|Q34876]]
| [[provincia]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q42132|Q42132]]
| ''[[:d:Q42132|eup]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q44753|Q44753]]
| ''[[:d:Q44753|province of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q46169|Q46169]]
| [[parco national]]
| [[parco]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_420055a4825d3d507a1b1bab63ea8356b7d9c4b38be8887d8bcf27ff32cf86f6&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q52441805|Thesaurus for Graphic Materials]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_fb1f64d34c5132f5694317071ca178ed1972feacbb7953a7f9690398b08c1731&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q13219454|Library of Congress Authorities]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_fb1f64d34c5132f5694317071ca178ed1972feacbb7953a7f9690398b08c1731&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q13219454|Library of Congress Authorities]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q62059246|public reserve]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q57318|Q57318]]
| ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''
| [[citate]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Citate-stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q61878|Q61878]]
| [[barangay]]
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q86622|Q86622]]
| ''[[:d:Q86622|governorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q102496|Q102496]]
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q112099|Q112099]]
| [[stato insular]]
| [[stato]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pais]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111018943|habited island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q127448|Q127448]]
| ''[[:d:Q127448|communa svedese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_5b5ad8eccbd23d32f8151624d3a14f5e5e47154a2fa1fe282807b0648f6c1a3e&quot;&gt;https://www.skatteverket.se/foretag/drivaforetag/startaochregistrera/organisationsnummer.4.361dc8c15312eff6fd235d1.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| municipalitate in Svedia
|-
| [[:d:Q131401|Q131401]]
| ''[[:d:Q131401|califato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q148837|Q148837]]
| ''[[:d:Q148837|polis]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q149621|Q149621]]
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q154547|Q154547]]
| [[ducato]]
| [[stato]]&lt;br/&gt;[[monarchia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q161243|Q161243]]
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q618123|geographical feature]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q165116|Q165116]]
| ''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q171308|Q171308]]
| [[oblast]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q182547|Q182547]]
| [[provincia del Imperio Roman]]
| ''[[:d:Q100205512|administrative territorial entity of ancient Rome]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q183366|Q183366]]
| [[Territorio]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;[[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q191093|Q191093]]
| ''[[:d:Q191093|province of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683555|administrative territorial entity of South Africa]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[provincia]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q196068|Q196068]]
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19944802|government structure]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q208500|Q208500]]
| [[Principato]]
| [[stato]]&lt;br/&gt;[[monarchia]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q223573|Q223573]]
| ''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q264441|Q264441]]
| ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q285181|Q285181]]
| ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q313354|Q313354]]
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q353344|Q353344]]
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q373074|Q373074]]
| ''[[:d:Q373074|suffragan diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q374614|Q374614]]
| ''[[:d:Q374614|urban district of Great Britain and Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q398141|Q398141]]
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6663997|local education agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q399445|Q399445]]
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q451019|Q451019]]
| ''[[:d:Q451019|gutsbezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q475050|Q475050]]
| [[Districto federal]]
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5214867|federal territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q482810|Q482810]]
| ''[[:d:Q482810|Special City of Korea]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q483515|Q483515]]
| ''[[:d:Q483515|myeon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q483519|Q483519]]
| ''[[:d:Q483519|ri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[village]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q485258|Q485258]]
| ''[[:d:Q485258|Statos de Brasil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| entitates federative de Brasil
|-
| [[:d:Q490933|Q490933]]
| ''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q177634|community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137018865|type of place]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q499073|Q499073]]
| ''[[:d:Q499073|direct-controlled municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15092400|independent city]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q515483|Q515483]]
| ''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q515716|Q515716]]
| ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q517267|Q517267]]
| ''[[:d:Q517267|commandery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q562061|Q562061]]
| ''[[:d:Q562061|market municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18511725|urbe de mercato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q562644|Q562644]]
| ''[[:d:Q562644|Deidesheim (Verbandsgemeinde)]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23006|Verbandsgemeinde]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q609042|Q609042]]
| ''[[:d:Q609042|shtetl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3374262|miasteczko]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[village]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q620225|Q620225]]
| ''[[:d:Q620225|apostolic vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q625160|Q625160]]
| ''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q643589|Q643589]]
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q687121|Q687121]]
| ''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q688385|Q688385]]
| ''[[:d:Q688385|Talschaft]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q718570|Q718570]]
| ''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q770948|Q770948]]
| ''[[:d:Q770948|okres]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q771444|Q771444]]
| ''[[:d:Q771444|aul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136678713|fortified village]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q782614|Q782614]]
| ''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q788176|Q788176]]
| ''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q817477|Q817477]]
| ''[[:d:Q817477|tehsil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q839328|Q839328]]
| ''[[:d:Q839328|fu]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q905280|Q905280]]
| ''[[:d:Q905280|pyatina]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q914262|Q914262]]
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q923805|Q923805]]
| ''[[:d:Q923805|trittys]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q935921|Q935921]]
| ''[[:d:Q935921|kaza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1070912|Q1070912]]
| ''[[:d:Q1070912|zhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1087624|Q1087624]]
| ''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1093829|Q1093829]]
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[citate]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5951278|urban area of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1122846|Q1122846]]
| ''[[:d:Q1122846|district of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q517267|commandery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1138414|Q1138414]]
| ''[[:d:Q1138414|isolated settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4632675|dwelling place]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2887356|farmyard]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1497364|building complex]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1141653|Q1141653]]
| ''[[:d:Q1141653|prowincja]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1205915|Q1205915]]
| ''[[:d:Q1205915|German Reich within the borders of 31 December 1937]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17524420|aspect of history]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1209783|Q1209783]]
| ''[[:d:Q1209783|shukuba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q786014|rest area]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q63987304|stage station]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q120922181|postal station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1210300|Q1210300]]
| ''[[:d:Q1210300|Mkhare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q244339|administrative territorial entity of Georgia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1273945|Q1273945]]
| ''[[:d:Q1273945|pashalik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1288520|Q1288520]]
| ''[[:d:Q1288520|local council in Israel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2762194|local government in Israel]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1336152|Q1336152]]
| ''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1345234|Q1345234]]
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1350181|Q1350181]]
| ''[[:d:Q1350181|shire of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q67376938|historic county of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1364324|Q1364324]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364324|uezd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1367821|Q1367821]]
| ''[[:d:Q1367821|subprefecture]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1427085|Q1427085]]
| ''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1462047|Q1462047]]
| ''[[:d:Q1462047|vilayet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_91c7c23bff8c4dcbdbe5d51fa021788763682add9ec85294b192cf219b99e5bb&quot;&gt;https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/vilayet&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1503467|Q1503467]]
| ''[[:d:Q1503467|Unrechtsstaat]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1506541|Q1506541]]
| ''[[:d:Q1506541|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[region]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1541735|Q1541735]]
| ''[[:d:Q1541735|former province of Hokkaidō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1564271|Q1564271]]
| ''[[:d:Q1564271|nahiye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1584957|Q1584957]]
| ''[[:d:Q1584957|district of Palermo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976662|subdivision of Palermo]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1631226|Q1631226]]
| ''[[:d:Q1631226|settlement council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q948571|organ of state]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211201|Soviet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1633408|Q1633408]]
| ''[[:d:Q1633408|concelho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1683373|Q1683373]]
| ''[[:d:Q1683373|Edo-period village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1761072|Q1761072]]
| ''[[:d:Q1761072|state park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[parco]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_420055a4825d3d507a1b1bab63ea8356b7d9c4b38be8887d8bcf27ff32cf86f6&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q52441805|Thesaurus for Graphic Materials]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5639312|Q5639312]]
| [[voivodato]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5811429|Q5811429]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811429|districto de Managua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_c5c18d02d2456633a865aa182f508540bb9b7fd9b79faec5410bcc187a564713&quot;&gt;https://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/3133c0d121ea3897062568a1005e0f89/3eeff3b3d65b7dca062570a100578775?OpenDocument=&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_2140b8da7d48a7bcf9ae7ac2fa244fac2a7e7090ffd0d9dc0eae783758b76f89&quot;&gt;https://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/%28%24All%29/CB601E7A823CA0F2062576C600548A12?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_c1ecf794bf294dbadc7b7cd4a918fce24e3a2a7c515bb0f5aa4e78d3265d6202&quot;&gt;https://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/b34f77cd9d23625e06257265005d21fa/09721a4025c41318062570a1005830de&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_c5c18d02d2456633a865aa182f508540bb9b7fd9b79faec5410bcc187a564713&quot;&gt;https://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/3133c0d121ea3897062568a1005e0f89/3eeff3b3d65b7dca062570a100578775?OpenDocument=&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_c1ecf794bf294dbadc7b7cd4a918fce24e3a2a7c515bb0f5aa4e78d3265d6202&quot;&gt;https://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/b34f77cd9d23625e06257265005d21fa/09721a4025c41318062570a1005830de&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_2140b8da7d48a7bcf9ae7ac2fa244fac2a7e7090ffd0d9dc0eae783758b76f89&quot;&gt;https://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/Normaweb.nsf/%28%24All%29/CB601E7A823CA0F2062576C600548A12?OpenDocument&lt;/ref&gt;
| typo de unitate territorial de Managua, Nicaragua; septe districtos create per Decreto Executive 421 (1989), reducite a cinque post Lege 329 e le creation de Ciudad Sandino e El Crucero (1999), e reorganisate in septe per Ordination Municipal 03-2009
|-
| [[:d:Q5942455|Q5942455]]
| ''[[:d:Q5942455|keverang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6014817|Q6014817]]
| ''[[:d:Q6014817|karye]]''
| 
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6024226|Q6024226]]
| ''[[:d:Q6024226|metropolitan municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6026936|Q6026936]]
| ''[[:d:Q6026936|liva]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6063891|Q6063891]]
| ''[[:d:Q6063891|partido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6100739|Q6100739]]
| ''[[:d:Q6100739|administrative territorial entity of Istanbul]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6104039|Q6104039]]
| ''[[:d:Q6104039|región socioeconómica de Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6106059|Q6106059]]
| ''[[:d:Q6106059|Indian republics]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6972919|Q6972919]]
| ''[[:d:Q6972919|National Government Park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22746|urban park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7194321|Q7194321]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194321|has]]''
| ''[[:d:Q975783|estate in land]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_268b7068665b16c80a5ae4117de3e05654b47632163243a2af084b0f27b515d0&quot;&gt;https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/has--arazi&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_268b7068665b16c80a5ae4117de3e05654b47632163243a2af084b0f27b515d0&quot;&gt;https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/has--arazi&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7251287|Q7251287]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251287|protected area of Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251293|protected area of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7251291|Q7251291]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251291|protected area of the Northern Territory]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q7375078|Q7375078]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375078|royal manor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7380054|Q7380054]]
| ''[[:d:Q7380054|Luak Tanah Mengandung]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118594136|luak]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7425963|Q7425963]]
| ''[[:d:Q7425963|Satavado]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7432341|Q7432341]]
| ''[[:d:Q7432341|school division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7444705|Q7444705]]
| ''[[:d:Q7444705|sector]]''
| ''[[:d:Q219858|zone]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7495728|Q7495728]]
| ''[[:d:Q7495728|shiyakha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7551933|Q7551933]]
| ''[[:d:Q7551933|mahalla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7631923|Q7631923]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631923|subregion]]''
| [[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7703797|Q7703797]]
| ''[[:d:Q7703797|territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7886462|Q7886462]]
| ''[[:d:Q7886462|moshav shitufi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917146|moshav]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q161387|kibbutz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7888177|Q7888177]]
| ''[[:d:Q7888177|United Kingdom military aircraft registration mark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q838849|aircraft registration]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q216916|military aircraft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q140396411|military aircraft registration mark]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q8071905|Q8071905]]
| ''[[:d:Q8071905|Zillah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q8242634|Q8242634]]
| ''[[:d:Q8242634|Baronía de Cárcer]]''
| 
| [[Territorio]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q8501237|Q8501237]]
| ''[[:d:Q8501237|large city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q9367715|Q9367715]]
| ''[[:d:Q9367715|ulus]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10139375|Q10139375]]
| ''[[:d:Q10139375|Eastern Catholic ecclesiastical province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q427961|metropolis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10296503|Q10296503]]
| ''[[:d:Q10296503|župa]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10433151|Q10433151]]
| ''[[:d:Q10433151|civic municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10466601|Q10466601]]
| ''[[:d:Q10466601|Danske grevskaber og baronier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10545864|Q10545864]]
| ''[[:d:Q10545864|kism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10551473|Q10551473]]
| ''[[:d:Q10551473|parish union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10666776|Q10666776]]
| ''[[:d:Q10666776|setting]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10861243|Q10861243]]
| ''[[:d:Q10861243|stamp territory]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q10910840|Q10910840]]
| ''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11183787|Q11183787]]
| ''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11385643|Q11385643]]
| ''[[:d:Q11385643|ho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q29428403|pentad]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11396088|Q11396088]]
| ''[[:d:Q11396088|bunkoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11414697|Q11414697]]
| ''[[:d:Q11414697|myō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11424278|Q11424278]]
| ''[[:d:Q11424278|autonomous ward (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11479488|Q11479488]]
| ''[[:d:Q11479488|Industrial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662024|industrial district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11479490|Q11479490]]
| ''[[:d:Q11479490|Exclusive Industrial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11480694|Q11480694]]
| ''[[:d:Q11480694|urbanization promotion area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11480695|Q11480695]]
| ''[[:d:Q11480695|urbanization control area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11488831|Q11488831]]
| ''[[:d:Q11488831|mikuriya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11564383|Q11564383]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564383|Quasi-residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11564397|Q11564397]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564397|Quasi-industrial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11564414|Q11564414]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564414|quasi-city planning area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28692710|state territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11564415|Q11564415]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564415|Quasi-fire Prevention District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11570788|Q11570788]]
| ''[[:d:Q11570788|special use district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11570918|Q11570918]]
| ''[[:d:Q11570918|Specified Block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11602099|Q11602099]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602099|Category 1 Medium-to-high-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11602100|Q11602100]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602100|Category 1 Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11602101|Q11602101]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602101|Category 1 Low-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11602320|Q11602320]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602320|Category 2 Medium-to-high-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11602321|Q11602321]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602321|Category 2 Low-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11602322|Q11602322]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602322|Category 2 Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11602738|Q11602738]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602738|suji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11607807|Q11607807]]
| ''[[:d:Q11607807|Ryokuchi hozen chiiki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11631303|Q11631303]]
| ''[[:d:Q11631303|hyō]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11639125|Q11639125]]
| ''[[:d:Q11639125|Neighborhood Commercial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11643597|Q11643597]]
| ''[[:d:Q11643597|Special Districts for Urban Renaissance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11643682|Q11643682]]
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28692710|state territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11649786|Q11649786]]
| ''[[:d:Q11649786|railway zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1192403|concession]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11657023|Q11657023]]
| ''[[:d:Q11657023|Fire Prevention District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11664885|Q11664885]]
| ''[[:d:Q11664885|ryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11665558|Q11665558]]
| ''[[:d:Q11665558|Scenic districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q858308|Cultural Property of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11668267|Q11668267]]
| ''[[:d:Q11668267|駐車場整備地区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11669892|Q11669892]]
| ''[[:d:Q11669892|High-level Use District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11669894|Q11669894]]
| ''[[:d:Q11669894|Height Control District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11916810|Q11916810]]
| ''[[:d:Q11916810|Deli en Serdang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11970574|Q11970574]]
| ''[[:d:Q11970574|Country (Norwegian history)]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12033861|Q12033861]]
| ''[[:d:Q12033861|Lokalie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12039398|Q12039398]]
| ''[[:d:Q12039398|městská část]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12132320|Q12132320]]
| ''[[:d:Q12132320|Енпуç ен]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12409827|Q12409827]]
| ''[[:d:Q12409827|Territory of the Tribe of Manasseh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q104442652|territory of a tribe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12479773|Q12479773]]
| ''[[:d:Q12479773|first-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12479774|Q12479774]]
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12724246|Q12724246]]
| ''[[:d:Q12724246|cnezat]]''
| [[Principato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12778511|Q12778511]]
| ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12910663|Q12910663]]
| ''[[:d:Q12910663|srez]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q12978349|Q12978349]]
| ''[[:d:Q12978349|Special Grade Municipalities]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q13058507|Q13058507]]
| ''[[:d:Q13058507|subdivision of West Bengal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q13358528|Q13358528]]
| ''[[:d:Q13358528|fiscal district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10947702|administrative territorial entity of Song dynasty]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16077826|administrative territorial entity of Jin dynasty]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11387891|administrative territorial entity of the Yuan Empire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q13526752|Q13526752]]
| ''[[:d:Q13526752|lugar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q13646349|Q13646349]]
| ''[[:d:Q13646349|Government (Dutch East Indies)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q14777355|Q14777355]]
| ''[[:d:Q14777355|mahalla of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7551933|mahalla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q14916058|Q14916058]]
| ''[[:d:Q14916058|territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15253706|Q15253706]]
| ''[[:d:Q15253706|city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15630906|Q15630906]]
| ''[[:d:Q15630906|rural district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15637757|Q15637757]]
| ''[[:d:Q15637757|mahakuma]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15649504|Q15649504]]
| ''[[:d:Q15649504|satrapy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15725677|Q15725677]]
| ''[[:d:Q15725677|pedanía]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15727673|Q15727673]]
| ''[[:d:Q15727673|city district of Hanover]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15728204|Q15728204]]
| ''[[:d:Q15728204|province of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15894786|Q15894786]]
| ''[[:d:Q15894786|United States administrative division type]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15901936|Q15901936]]
| ''[[:d:Q15901936|district of South Korea  (autonomous)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15903862|Q15903862]]
| ''[[:d:Q15903862|縣轄區]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16118675|Q16118675]]
| ''[[:d:Q16118675|حي شعبي]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16142566|Q16142566]]
| ''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16181672|Q16181672]]
| ''[[:d:Q16181672|special autonomous city in South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16638537|Q16638537]]
| ''[[:d:Q16638537|мястэчка]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16646034|Q16646034]]
| ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16652878|Q16652878]]
| ''[[:d:Q16652878|zaimka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16915726|Q16915726]]
| ''[[:d:Q16915726|mesoregion]]''
| [[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17051044|Q17051044]]
| ''[[:d:Q17051044|mahalle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17130641|Q17130641]]
| ''[[:d:Q17130641|syssel]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17143723|Q17143723]]
| ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_077f98c9b6834479313df83a5999c3486ebb74fd613105ca4b4d0d994ab4f2d8&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q7005198|New Advent]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_077f98c9b6834479313df83a5999c3486ebb74fd613105ca4b4d0d994ab4f2d8&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q7005198|New Advent]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17147958|Q17147958]]
| ''[[:d:Q17147958|intendency]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17208868|Q17208868]]
| ''[[:d:Q17208868|都市再生緊急整備地域]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17217734|Q17217734]]
| ''[[:d:Q17217734|tenaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17299748|Q17299748]]
| ''[[:d:Q17299748|Vulka]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17319258|Q17319258]]
| ''[[:d:Q17319258|presidency of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2385925|presidencies and provinces in British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3558349|presidency]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17361443|Q17361443]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17990737|Q17990737]]
| ''[[:d:Q17990737|Landscape Districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q18199255|Q18199255]]
| ''[[:d:Q18199255|Amtskommune]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q18658990|Q18658990]]
| ''[[:d:Q18658990|Ke-tsng-siā-hiunn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18652293|Pó-lí-hiong-ò]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18658211|administrative territorial entity of Taiwan under Qing rule]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q18729324|Q18729324]]
| ''[[:d:Q18729324|razyezd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19563262|Q19563262]]
| ''[[:d:Q19563262|county of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q64606162|administrative territorial entity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26654367|former county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19610511|Q19610511]]
| ''[[:d:Q19610511|township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141104744|geopolitical region]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19703730|Q19703730]]
| ''[[:d:Q19703730|district-notary office]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19832689|Q19832689]]
| ''[[:d:Q19832689|îlot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19868905|Q19868905]]
| ''[[:d:Q19868905|administrative territorial entity of Minas Gerais]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19905455|Q19905455]]
| ''[[:d:Q19905455|borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19939940|Q19939940]]
| ''[[:d:Q19939940|ban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q19941361|Q19941361]]
| ''[[:d:Q19941361|tong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q20113851|Q20113851]]
| ''[[:d:Q20113851|gun]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q20180964|Q20180964]]
| ''[[:d:Q20180964|franciscan custody]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q20203616|Q20203616]]
| ''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q57237926|reservation]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q20541692|Q20541692]]
| ''[[:d:Q20541692|settlement in Galicia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[village]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1fbd72c043ce0480eaea53a397388f5226d3cd78ac056c09e7b89586971eb320&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q3306957|Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1fbd72c043ce0480eaea53a397388f5226d3cd78ac056c09e7b89586971eb320&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q3306957|Galician Statute of Autonomy of 1981]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q20826981|Q20826981]]
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q20986707|Q20986707]]
| ''[[:d:Q20986707|cantred]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q21039427|Q21039427]]
| ''[[:d:Q21039427|boma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q21619677|Q21619677]]
| ''[[:d:Q21619677|amanate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q21824758|Q21824758]]
| ''[[:d:Q21824758|ga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q21824871|Q21824871]]
| ''[[:d:Q21824871|ro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q22085013|Q22085013]]
| ''[[:d:Q22085013|eparchy]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q22693483|Q22693483]]
| ''[[:d:Q22693483|Pflegamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q23827464|Q23827464]]
| ''[[:d:Q23827464|centre of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q24024848|Q24024848]]
| ''[[:d:Q24024848|eup of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42132|eup]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q24026248|Q24026248]]
| ''[[:d:Q24026248|участок]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q24859699|Q24859699]]
| ''[[:d:Q24859699|総合区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q24949989|Q24949989]]
| ''[[:d:Q24949989|Zonal Council]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q24953176|Q24953176]]
| ''[[:d:Q24953176|special administrative region]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q25377531|Q25377531]]
| ''[[:d:Q25377531|Territorial Authority]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q25532202|Q25532202]]
| ''[[:d:Q25532202|amlak]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q25537045|Q25537045]]
| ''[[:d:Q25537045|khaganate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17362920|Wikimedia duplicated page]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q26262476|Q26262476]]
| ''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q26912005|Q26912005]]
| ''[[:d:Q26912005|regio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27254663|Q27254663]]
| ''[[:d:Q27254663|Station village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27254666|Q27254666]]
| ''[[:d:Q27254666|urban-type settlement by the railway station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27295972|Q27295972]]
| ''[[:d:Q27295972|посёлок железнодорожной платформы]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27517998|Q27517998]]
| ''[[:d:Q27517998|маяк]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27518087|Q27518087]]
| ''[[:d:Q27518087|казарма]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27518260|Q27518260]]
| ''[[:d:Q27518260|монтёрский пункт]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27518266|Q27518266]]
| ''[[:d:Q27518266|метеостанция]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27518282|Q27518282]]
| ''[[:d:Q27518282|гидрологический пост]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27518287|Q27518287]]
| ''[[:d:Q27518287|контрольный пункт связи]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27518793|Q27518793]]
| ''[[:d:Q27518793|железнодорожный блокпост]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27526294|Q27526294]]
| ''[[:d:Q27526294|железнодорожный пост]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27526303|Q27526303]]
| ''[[:d:Q27526303|лесной посёлок]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27531730|Q27531730]]
| ''[[:d:Q27531730|kordon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27532791|Q27532791]]
| ''[[:d:Q27532791|railway booth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27532818|Q27532818]]
| ''[[:d:Q27532818|railway barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27537456|Q27537456]]
| ''[[:d:Q27537456|железнодорожный дом]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27537502|Q27537502]]
| ''[[:d:Q27537502|посёлок лесоучастка]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27566198|Q27566198]]
| ''[[:d:Q27566198|остановочная платформа]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27577201|Q27577201]]
| ''[[:d:Q27577201|железнодорожная платформа]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27587207|Q27587207]]
| ''[[:d:Q27587207|city municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27587491|Q27587491]]
| ''[[:d:Q27587491|urban-type settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15078955|urban-type settlement in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27588300|Q27588300]]
| ''[[:d:Q27588300|железнодорожная площадка]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q27588331|Q27588331]]
| ''[[:d:Q27588331|state farm settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q28081313|Q28081313]]
| ''[[:d:Q28081313|municipality section]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q28517354|Q28517354]]
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q28683636|Q28683636]]
| ''[[:d:Q28683636|High-rise residential Attraction District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q28754498|Q28754498]]
| ''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q29925520|Q29925520]]
| ''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q29946056|Q29946056]]
| ''[[:d:Q29946056|highly urbanized city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q30674761|Q30674761]]
| ''[[:d:Q30674761|Australian marine park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2616170|marine reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q30749622|Q30749622]]
| ''[[:d:Q30749622|archpriesthood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q30928563|Q30928563]]
| ''[[:d:Q30928563|邑]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7884789|toponym]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q30943418|Q30943418]]
| ''[[:d:Q30943418|城]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q31835971|Q31835971]]
| ''[[:d:Q31835971|Munizipalität]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q31883575|Q31883575]]
| ''[[:d:Q31883575|amt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q33146843|Q33146843]]
| ''[[:d:Q33146843|municipality of Catalonia]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q42692874|Q42692874]]
| ''[[:d:Q42692874|Verwaltungsbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q47795905|Q47795905]]
| ''[[:d:Q47795905|Piarist province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q109612062|territorial demarcation of the Pious Schools]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q48760287|Q48760287]]
| ''[[:d:Q48760287|Countryside Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q48784221|Q48784221]]
| ''[[:d:Q48784221|collación]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q48816145|Q48816145]]
| ''[[:d:Q48816145|sector of Islamabad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7444705|sector]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q51041800|Q51041800]]
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q52063214|Q52063214]]
| ''[[:d:Q52063214|provincial park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[parco]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q728904|nature park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q52226526|Q52226526]]
| ''[[:d:Q52226526|Roede van Harelbeke]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[canton]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q55237813|Q55237813]]
| ''[[:d:Q55237813|village of New York]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q55998242|Q55998242]]
| ''[[:d:Q55998242|administrative region of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q56205755|Q56205755]]
| ''[[:d:Q56205755|district of Rotuma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q56271507|Q56271507]]
| ''[[:d:Q56271507|鎮]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q58446572|Q58446572]]
| ''[[:d:Q58446572|electoral division of County Galway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q58872171|Q58872171]]
| ''[[:d:Q58872171|baronía]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9008644|Ancient Regime of Spain]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61478101|administrative territorial entity of the Crown of Castile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q60843390|Q60843390]]
| ''[[:d:Q60843390|subdivision of Odisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q61089180|Q61089180]]
| ''[[:d:Q61089180|municipal part of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q115252541|part of a municipality in Czech Republic and Slovakia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q61763780|Q61763780]]
| ''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q63645004|Q63645004]]
| ''[[:d:Q63645004|territorial autonomy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q65251207|Q65251207]]
| ''[[:d:Q65251207|Territory of the Tribe of Benjamin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q104442652|territory of a tribe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q65281628|Q65281628]]
| ''[[:d:Q65281628|行政区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137773|ward of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q65522058|Q65522058]]
| ''[[:d:Q65522058|府藩県]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q66661665|Q66661665]]
| ''[[:d:Q66661665|governorate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_80b3aaf6e6432e022cda75644619f938b777b2cf758fa0e768d75257f71be855&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q105518758|Law of Provinces]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q66980180|Q66980180]]
| ''[[:d:Q66980180|macrohood]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q66980952|Q66980952]]
| ''[[:d:Q66980952|microhood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q69935452|Q69935452]]
| ''[[:d:Q69935452|town of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69936911|county of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q69935538|Q69935538]]
| ''[[:d:Q69935538|village of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69936911|county of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q85882297|Q85882297]]
| ''[[:d:Q85882297|Exceptional Floor Area Ratio District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q86725643|Q86725643]]
| ''[[:d:Q86725643|fumoto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q86726256|Q86726256]]
| ''[[:d:Q86726256|province cartusienne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q90511324|Q90511324]]
| ''[[:d:Q90511324|Franciscan province (O.F.M.)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q92157630|Q92157630]]
| ''[[:d:Q92157630|school sector]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q93389881|Q93389881]]
| ''[[:d:Q93389881|región sanitaria de Cataluña]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q96196009|Q96196009]]
| ''[[:d:Q96196009|former or current state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1063239|polity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q97344267|Q97344267]]
| ''[[:d:Q97344267|Поселение]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q102104752|Q102104752]]
| ''[[:d:Q102104752|city of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q102131920|Q102131920]]
| ''[[:d:Q102131920|thikana]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q104442652|Q104442652]]
| ''[[:d:Q104442652|territory of a tribe]]''
| [[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q104530683|Q104530683]]
| ''[[:d:Q104530683|Pusta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q104711456|Q104711456]]
| ''[[:d:Q104711456|Трудовая коммуна (РСФСР)]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q105063846|Q105063846]]
| ''[[:d:Q105063846|part of the municipality part]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q105985227|Q105985227]]
| ''[[:d:Q105985227|省]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106078286|Q106078286]]
| ''[[:d:Q106078286|component city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106079704|Q106079704]]
| ''[[:d:Q106079704|independent component city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106458883|Q106458883]]
| ''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106458918|Q106458918]]
| ''[[:d:Q106458918|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106531650|Q106531650]]
| ''[[:d:Q106531650|province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106532582|Q106532582]]
| ''[[:d:Q106532582|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106533981|Q106533981]]
| ''[[:d:Q106533981|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106534046|Q106534046]]
| ''[[:d:Q106534046|dependency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106592151|Q106592151]]
| ''[[:d:Q106592151|national nature park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106698210|Q106698210]]
| ''[[:d:Q106698210|arrondissement of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106889447|Q106889447]]
| ''[[:d:Q106889447|ardiaconate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q107484850|Q107484850]]
| ''[[:d:Q107484850|alcaldía mayor]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q107759421|Q107759421]]
| ''[[:d:Q107759421|mountain hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q107918234|Q107918234]]
| ''[[:d:Q107918234|městský obvod]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q108000498|Q108000498]]
| ''[[:d:Q108000498|part of municipality in Czechoslovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q108379543|Q108379543]]
| ''[[:d:Q108379543|Fauna and Flora Sanctuary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1790016|protected area of Colombia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q108494671|Q108494671]]
| ''[[:d:Q108494671|Greek catholic parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q163740|nonprofit organization]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q109562558|Q109562558]]
| ''[[:d:Q109562558|salesian province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q109586943|Q109586943]]
| ''[[:d:Q109586943|Capuchin province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q109587150|Q109587150]]
| ''[[:d:Q109587150|Conventual Franciscan province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q109593182|Q109593182]]
| ''[[:d:Q109593182|province of the Order of Preachers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_11f0eddf37fa068d6459534293196ef29db5f4ec33a8062b36139827c576f973&quot;&gt;https://www.op.org/provincias/?lang=es#1559123084713-8a1110dd-2fca&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q109612062|Q109612062]]
| ''[[:d:Q109612062|territorial demarcation of the Pious Schools]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q109612325|Q109612325]]
| ''[[:d:Q109612325|vice-province]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110158634|Q110158634]]
| ''[[:d:Q110158634|Сєлѥниѥ градьска тѷпа]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110256042|Q110256042]]
| ''[[:d:Q110256042|police-administered area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q114839325|police administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110256333|Q110256333]]
| ''[[:d:Q110256333|new city of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1074523|planned community]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110390579|Q110390579]]
| ''[[:d:Q110390579|city of United Kingdom]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110946229|Q110946229]]
| ''[[:d:Q110946229|dong]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q111081341|Q111081341]]
| ''[[:d:Q111081341|waterfront district (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q111264878|Q111264878]]
| ''[[:d:Q111264878|demarcación paisajística]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q111737478|Q111737478]]
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q112245920|Q112245920]]
| ''[[:d:Q112245920|полицейская часть]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q112945489|Q112945489]]
| ''[[:d:Q112945489|circaria]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113386230|Q113386230]]
| ''[[:d:Q113386230|independent subprovince]]''
| ''[[:d:Q330425|sanjak]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113388921|Q113388921]]
| ''[[:d:Q113388921|privileged Ottoman province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113389351|Q113389351]]
| ''[[:d:Q113389351|mutasarrifate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113389576|Q113389576]]
| ''[[:d:Q113389576|nahiye seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113390156|Q113390156]]
| ''[[:d:Q113390156|kaza seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113390205|Q113390205]]
| ''[[:d:Q113390205|sanjak seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_8f744e3de8e53df3722302465cf1f48e542fd72eabe15b2c2796f7dfba6618c6&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q61720929|Encyclopaedia of Islam, 3rd edition]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113390253|Q113390253]]
| ''[[:d:Q113390253|vilayet seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113660981|Q113660981]]
| ''[[:d:Q113660981|Otok (administrative unit)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q946868|Tumen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q115252541|Q115252541]]
| ''[[:d:Q115252541|part of a municipality in Czech Republic and Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q115916908|Q115916908]]
| ''[[:d:Q115916908|electoral area of British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q115943990|Q115943990]]
| ''[[:d:Q115943990|Colonias of Cuautitlan Izcalli]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q116007761|Q116007761]]
| ''[[:d:Q116007761|land district of British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q116215373|Q116215373]]
| ''[[:d:Q116215373|imperial city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q116215378|Q116215378]]
| ''[[:d:Q116215378|free city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13218276|free city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q116691874|Q116691874]]
| ''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q117209621|Q117209621]]
| ''[[:d:Q117209621|commune of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q117350247|Q117350247]]
| ''[[:d:Q117350247|Commercial District in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5152545|commercial area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1133961|commercial district]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q117351014|Q117351014]]
| ''[[:d:Q117351014|災害危険区域]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q117351402|Q117351402]]
| ''[[:d:Q117351402|歴史的風土特別保存地区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q117351444|Q117351444]]
| ''[[:d:Q117351444|第一種歴史的風土保存地区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q118593746|Q118593746]]
| ''[[:d:Q118593746|Luak Berundang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q118594136|Q118594136]]
| ''[[:d:Q118594136|luak]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q118601355|Q118601355]]
| ''[[:d:Q118601355|Luak Beradat]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q119146498|Q119146498]]
| ''[[:d:Q119146498|Colonias of State of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q120410026|Q120410026]]
| ''[[:d:Q120410026|Local Educational Management Unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6663997|local education agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q122146132|Q122146132]]
| ''[[:d:Q122146132|special green space conservation districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q23790|natural monument]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q122911647|Q122911647]]
| ''[[:d:Q122911647|territorial episcopal vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q122955538|Q122955538]]
| ''[[:d:Q122955538|treding]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q122956696|Q122956696]]
| ''[[:d:Q122956696|subdivision of Sikkim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q122987727|Q122987727]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987727|subdivision of Lakshadweep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q122987729|Q122987729]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987729|subdivision of Manipur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q123009250|Q123009250]]
| ''[[:d:Q123009250|community development block of Tamil Nadu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q123340192|Q123340192]]
| ''[[:d:Q123340192|pobláu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q123553915|Q123553915]]
| ''[[:d:Q123553915|part of National Government Park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6972919|National Government Park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q124022543|Q124022543]]
| ''[[:d:Q124022543|Kotar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q124098638|Q124098638]]
| ''[[:d:Q124098638|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q124466626|Q124466626]]
| ''[[:d:Q124466626|Gokusho Urban Landscape Formation District]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q676050|old town]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q124474738|Q124474738]]
| ''[[:d:Q124474738|Jōtenji-dōri Urban Landscape Formation District]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q124669069|Q124669069]]
| ''[[:d:Q124669069|division of Madhya Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125352368|Q125352368]]
| ''[[:d:Q125352368|村镇]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125626392|Q125626392]]
| ''[[:d:Q125626392|revenue division in Tamil Nadu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125626445|Q125626445]]
| ''[[:d:Q125626445|revenue division in Andhra Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125626476|Q125626476]]
| ''[[:d:Q125626476|revenue division in Telangana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125627541|Q125627541]]
| ''[[:d:Q125627541|revenue division in Kerala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125631936|Q125631936]]
| ''[[:d:Q125631936|subdivision of Bihar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125631953|Q125631953]]
| ''[[:d:Q125631953|subdivision of Uttar Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907346|Q125907346]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907346|division of Uttar Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907347|Q125907347]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907347|division of Jharkhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907349|Q125907349]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907349|division of Chhattisgarh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907350|Q125907350]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907350|division of Rajasthan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907351|Q125907351]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907351|division of Haryana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907352|Q125907352]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907352|division of Jammu And Kashmir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907353|Q125907353]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907353|division of Bihar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907354|Q125907354]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907354|division of Assam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907355|Q125907355]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907355|division of Odisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907356|Q125907356]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907356|division of Delhi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907357|Q125907357]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907357|division of Maharashtra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907359|Q125907359]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907359|division of Himachal Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907360|Q125907360]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907360|division of Karnataka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907362|Q125907362]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907362|division of Meghalaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907363|Q125907363]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907363|division of Arunachal Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907364|Q125907364]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907364|division of Ladakh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907365|Q125907365]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907365|division of Punjab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907368|Q125907368]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907368|division of Uttarakhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125907369|Q125907369]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907369|division of Nagaland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125918906|Q125918906]]
| ''[[:d:Q125918906|subdivision of Maharashtra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125919325|Q125919325]]
| ''[[:d:Q125919325|subdivision of Uttarakhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125919353|Q125919353]]
| ''[[:d:Q125919353|subdivision of Jharkhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q125923559|Q125923559]]
| ''[[:d:Q125923559|subdivsion of Gujarat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q126896673|Q126896673]]
| ''[[:d:Q126896673|district of South Korea (non-autonomous)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q127229284|Q127229284]]
| ''[[:d:Q127229284|Ammany of Brussels]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q127378230|Q127378230]]
| ''[[:d:Q127378230|isolated dwelling in Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q109779065|human settlement in Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q128477938|Q128477938]]
| ''[[:d:Q128477938|haengjeongmyeon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q483515|myeon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q128807925|Q128807925]]
| ''[[:d:Q128807925|арбан]]''
| [[village]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q130241638|Q130241638]]
| ''[[:d:Q130241638|каймаканство]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q130376174|Q130376174]]
| ''[[:d:Q130376174|ri (administrative)]]''
| [[village]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q130458414|Q130458414]]
| ''[[:d:Q130458414|郷]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q130616842|Q130616842]]
| ''[[:d:Q130616842|circoscrizione di Ravenna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_dd65dee6a537ba0e05d1f1ed5316bd12d7968992a988c0fc93b55df5d013f4e0&quot;&gt;https://www.comune.ra.it/il-comune/decentramento/&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q132730984|Q132730984]]
| ''[[:d:Q132730984|commune of Burundi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q132732881|Q132732881]]
| ''[[:d:Q132732881|administrative territorial entity of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q133800978|Q133800978]]
| ''[[:d:Q133800978|praefectura]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q134552029|Q134552029]]
| ''[[:d:Q134552029|Pana (Meitei culture)]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135009855|Q135009855]]
| ''[[:d:Q135009855|sub-tehsil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135111350|Q135111350]]
| ''[[:d:Q135111350|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135112192|Q135112192]]
| ''[[:d:Q135112192|parish annex]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135299026|Q135299026]]
| ''[[:d:Q135299026|territorial unit (uban) of a Tbilisi district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_71c6998a0c78646412338731cf5df74a1762d1601988206b4d7e04c6c89b3f5f&quot;&gt;https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2602734&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_71c6998a0c78646412338731cf5df74a1762d1601988206b4d7e04c6c89b3f5f&quot;&gt;https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2602734&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135415335|Q135415335]]
| ''[[:d:Q135415335|Hêm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135437929|Q135437929]]
| ''[[:d:Q135437929|hetmanate]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135447139|Q135447139]]
| ''[[:d:Q135447139|Verbrecherstaat]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135451523|Q135451523]]
| ''[[:d:Q135451523|mezraa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135455595|Q135455595]]
| ''[[:d:Q135455595|kasaba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q135512166|Q135512166]]
| ''[[:d:Q135512166|gospodarlık]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136098733|Q136098733]]
| ''[[:d:Q136098733|paşa livası]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136431832|Q136431832]]
| ''[[:d:Q136431832|Ortschaft (Niedersachsen)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136442176|Q136442176]]
| ''[[:d:Q136442176|Zone police]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136442212|Q136442212]]
| ''[[:d:Q136442212|Zone gendarmerie]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136534136|Q136534136]]
| ''[[:d:Q136534136|поссовет в СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1631226|settlement council]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211201|Soviet]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136534923|Q136534923]]
| ''[[:d:Q136534923|горсовет в СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211201|Soviet]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136935588|Q136935588]]
| ''[[:d:Q136935588|Guinean neighborhood]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q137211599|Q137211599]]
| ''[[:d:Q137211599|aksakal]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q137211677|Q137211677]]
| ''[[:d:Q137211677|tuman (Bukhara Emirate)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q137211923|Q137211923]]
| ''[[:d:Q137211923|qūrğancha]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q137260405|Q137260405]]
| ''[[:d:Q137260405|SS-Abschnitt XXXIX]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18332808|SS-Abschnitt]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q207320|paramilitary organization]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q153936|militia]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q138388710|Q138388710]]
| ''[[:d:Q138388710|consiglio di zona of Livorno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q138823494|Q138823494]]
| ''[[:d:Q138823494|federated region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q138823699|Q138823699]]
| ''[[:d:Q138823699|federated community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138823755|administrative community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q138823755|Q138823755]]
| ''[[:d:Q138823755|administrative community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177634|community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q140039150|Q140039150]]
| ''[[:d:Q140039150|presbytery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q140835258|Q140835258]]
| ''[[:d:Q140835258|arrondissement municipal du Gabon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q140835651|Q140835651]]
| ''[[:d:Q140835651|commune gabonaise]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q141164518|Q141164518]]
| ''[[:d:Q141164518|fifth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q141164534|Q141164534]]
| ''[[:d:Q141164534|sixth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22927291|sixth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q141164550|Q141164550]]
| ''[[:d:Q141164550|seventh-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>30evjwgx4yfqtgn55ht7ussoe2efsiz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1941-08</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40563</id>
    <revision>
      <id>699426</id>
      <parentid>698593</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-01T01:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>24326</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>699426</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15571" sha1="0auci7lzgluwyc40zilg2kranrem0mi" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox}}
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE {
 ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart .
 ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend .
  FILTER (?dtstart &lt; &quot;1941-09-01T00:00:00Z&quot;^^xsd:dateTime)
  FILTER (?dtstart &gt; &quot;1941-08-01T00:00:00Z&quot;^^xsd:dateTime)
}
|wdq=
|columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description
|sort=P580
|thumb=48
|links=
|references=all
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! item
! data de initio
! data de fin
! label
! instantia de
! description
|-
| [[:d:Q162284|Q162284]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-26
| ''[[:d:Q162284|Battle of Kiev]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q499839|Q499839]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-06-22
| ''[[:d:Q499839|1941–42 Nationalliga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q520930|Q520930]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-06
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-01-04
| ''[[:d:Q520930|Star-Spangled Comics]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14406742|comic book series]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q541369|Q541369]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-25
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-17
| ''[[:d:Q541369|Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q682409|Q682409]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-10-16
| ''[[:d:Q682409|Siege of Odesa 1941]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q714211|Q714211]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-08
| ''[[:d:Q714211|Yelnya Offensive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1269440|Q1269440]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-31&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_40d9d1b5bd64d80b6b97ddbc039a34b052d288e84dcd239d7fcc42ac056246a5&quot;&gt;https://prensacr.info/data/5d83561d0ddacf4070844fc3&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_c6401b25e20eeb2dcf4d2573ec427f07da0415b9f483bc2edae321d6e675dd39&quot;&gt;https://prensacr.info/data/5da9d88a0ddacf73098bebd1&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-11-30&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_60b6052f430c6ac0faf427862f0ce378a26d14f065876987ad1658429002e144&quot;&gt;https://prensacr.info/data/5da9f9270ddacf73098befe5&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_e8a5f178199051bbf28ad499d7e8f83b8c85ac246b83a1610744f8ce47db3264&quot;&gt;https://prensacr.info/data/611f34da445c2c6addcd0355&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_896b284a6f57035d45fbcd96c40248a170308f63543958a68e3213e6f6857e3e&quot;&gt;https://www.sinabi.go.cr/biblioteca%20digital/periodicos/Novedades/Novedades%201941/la-1%20de%20diciembre.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q1269440|Primera División de Costa Rica 1941]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1324220|Q1324220]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-25&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-03&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q1324220|Operation Gauntlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1406017|Q1406017]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-05
| ''[[:d:Q1406017|Soviet air strikes on Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17524420|aspect of history]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4688003|aerial bombing of a city]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2409886|Q2409886]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-02
| ''[[:d:Q2409886|1941 U.S. National Championships]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123577|US Open]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47345468|tennis tournament edition]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2992881|Q2992881]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q2992881|Conférence de l'Atlantique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18564543|international conference]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3091179|Q3091179]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-29
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q3091179|executed at Mont Valérien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12139612|list]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15747939|execution by shooting]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3636413|Q3636413]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-06
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-11-21
| ''[[:d:Q3636413|Battle of Culqualber]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q3996094|Q3996094]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-23
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-24
| ''[[:d:Q3996094|1941 Tour de Suisse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q83261|Tour de Suisse]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4231751|Q4231751]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-12
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-15
| ''[[:d:Q4231751|Staraya Russa counter-offensive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4450513|Q4450513]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-05
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-28
| ''[[:d:Q4450513|Tallinn Defensive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5841688|Q5841688]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-29
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-31
| ''[[:d:Q5841688|Segundo Congreso Nacional Campesino]]''
| 
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11543646|Q11543646]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946
| ''[[:d:Q11543646|Saka Medical College]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11510984|medical specialized school in Japan]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q11897194|Q11897194]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;1958&quot; | 1958
| ''[[:d:Q11897194|The Great Gildersleeve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q13475356|Q13475356]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q13475356|Conference of Placentia Bay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2761147|meeting]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16681155|Q16681155]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-21
| ''[[:d:Q16681155|Novgorod-Chudovskaya  Defensive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q16934384|Q16934384]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-25
| ''[[:d:Q16934384|Convoy OG 71]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q30889810|Q30889810]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-11
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-10-14
| ''[[:d:Q30889810|Special purpose company of the Baltic Fleet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q43080121|Q43080121]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-12
| ''[[:d:Q43080121|Roslavl–Novozybkov Offensive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q65303359|Q65303359]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-16
| ''[[:d:Q65303359|massacre dans le district de Srebrenica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478665|Q79478665]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-05&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-17&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478665|Stanley Wood Watercolors]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478669|Q79478669]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-05&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-03&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478669|They Taught Themselves]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478672|Q79478672]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-06&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-10-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478672|Drawings by Henri Gaudier-Brzeska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478677|Q79478677]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-07&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-24&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478677|Students of the California School of Fine Arts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478681|Q79478681]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-09&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-24&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478681|Paintings by Arshile Gorky]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478684|Q79478684]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-11&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-24&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478684|Paintings by Mine Okubo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478689|Q79478689]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-12&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-07&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478689|Paintings by Fernand Leger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478692|Q79478692]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-19&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478692|Sculpture by Jan Sabre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478696|Q79478696]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-25&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-07&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478696|Drawings by Dorr Bothwell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478699|Q79478699]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-28&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-09&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478699|Recent Museum Acquisitions: Gifts of William L. Gerstle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890651|Q110890651]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-04
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-10-15
| ''[[:d:Q110890651|Techniques of Painting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890652|Q110890652]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-04
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-08
| ''[[:d:Q110890652|Stockholm Builds]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890654|Q110890654]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-12
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-25
| ''[[:d:Q110890654|American Watercolors; Lettering and Arrangements in Poster Design]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890655|Q110890655]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-26
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q110890655|Ancestral Sources of Modern Painting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q126046669|Q126046669]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-23
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-21&lt;br/&gt;1941-09-22
| ''[[:d:Q126046669|Sha'ban 1360 AH]]''
| ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q136313346|Q136313346]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-08-09
| ''[[:d:Q136313346|Operation Kosmaj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q180684|conflict]]''
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>0auci7lzgluwyc40zilg2kranrem0mi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>1942-01</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>40568</id>
    <revision>
      <id>699429</id>
      <parentid>698779</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-01T04:09:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>24326</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>699429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32117" sha1="faijobhnk22xls4763khjobifjk70b3" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox}}
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE {
 ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart .
 ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend .
  FILTER (?dtstart &lt; &quot;1942-02-01T00:00:00Z&quot;^^xsd:dateTime)
  FILTER (?dtstart &gt; &quot;1942-01-01T00:00:00Z&quot;^^xsd:dateTime)
}
|wdq=
|columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description
|sort=P580
|thumb=48
|links=
|references=all
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! item
! data de initio
! data de fin
! label
! instantia de
! description
|-
| [[:d:Q161033|Q161033]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-05-25
| ''[[:d:Q161033|Demyansk Pocket]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1569578|encirclement]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q261776|Q261776]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-05
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943-03-21
| ''[[:d:Q261776|Battles of Rzhev]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q305133|Q305133]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-23
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-05-05
| ''[[:d:Q305133|Kholm Pocket]]''
| [[Battalia]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q478315|Q478315]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-04-30
| ''[[:d:Q478315|Battle of Lyuban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q558137|Q558137]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-15&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-23&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q558137|Operation Southeast Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q569454|Q569454]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-14
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-08-31
| ''[[:d:Q569454|Second Happy Time]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q610048|Q610048]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-23&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-24&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q610048|Battle of Balikpapan]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q651977|Q651977]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-06-14
| ''[[:d:Q651977|1941–42 Primeira Divisão]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q703482|Q703482]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-04-09
| ''[[:d:Q703482|Battle of Bataan]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q907163|Q907163]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942
| ''[[:d:Q907163|1942 South American Championship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1572785|Q1572785]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-23&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q1572785|Battle of Rabaul]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q1759161|Q1759161]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-21&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-08-21&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q1759161|Solomon Islands Campaign]]''
| ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2034438|Q2034438]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-04-20
| ''[[:d:Q2034438|Rzhev-Vyazma offensive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2165376|Q2165376]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-11&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-12&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q2165376|Battle of Tarakan]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2276692|Q2276692]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-23
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-08
| ''[[:d:Q2276692|New Guinea campaign]]''
| ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2369529|Q2369529]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-10-03
| ''[[:d:Q2369529|Jewish Labour Camp]]''
| 
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2392991|Q2392991]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-30&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-03&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q2392991|Battle of Ambon]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2398940|Q2398940]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0&quot;&gt;https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&amp;grp=2&amp;menu=Uniformed%20Services&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-08-01&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0&quot;&gt;https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&amp;grp=2&amp;menu=Uniformed%20Services&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q2398940|Technician Fifth Grade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2587905|Q2587905]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-11&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-12&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q2587905|Battle of Manado]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q2889419|Q2889419]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-14
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-22
| ''[[:d:Q2889419|Battle of Muar]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4287557|Q4287557]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-03
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-10
| ''[[:d:Q4287557|Медвежьегорская наступательная операция]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4870916|Q4870916]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-11
| ''[[:d:Q4870916|Battle of Dražgoše]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4872395|Q4872395]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-06
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-08
| ''[[:d:Q4872395|Battle of Slim River]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q4873065|Q4873065]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-26
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-27
| ''[[:d:Q4873065|Battle off Endau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q5656259|Q5656259]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q5656259|Lake Ilmen action]]''
| [[Battalia]]
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q6018281|Q6018281]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;1942-01-17
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943-01-07&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b&quot;&gt;''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q6018281|1361 AH]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4146861|Hijri year]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7692371|Q7692371]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0&quot;&gt;https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&amp;grp=2&amp;menu=Uniformed%20Services&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-08-01&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0&quot;&gt;https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&amp;grp=2&amp;menu=Uniformed%20Services&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q7692371|Technician Fourth Grade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q7692374|Q7692374]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0&quot;&gt;https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&amp;grp=2&amp;menu=Uniformed%20Services&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-08-01&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0&quot;&gt;https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&amp;grp=2&amp;menu=Uniformed%20Services&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q7692374|Technician Third Grade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q9367361|Q9367361]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-24
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-03-06
| ''[[:d:Q9367361|Ust-Usa uprising]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2920604|prison riot]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q124734|rebellion]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q15805395|Q15805395]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-29
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q15805395|Deutsche Dreiband-Meisterschaft 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15805414|German three-cushion championship]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q17017712|Q17017712]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-15
| ''[[:d:Q17017712|Convoy SC 67]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q18332219|Q18332219]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-12-30
| ''[[:d:Q18332219|Riksdagen 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q85680242|Riksdag]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q21636225|Q21636225]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-14
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-04-12
| ''[[:d:Q21636225|Боевые действия на Керченском полуострове]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q65241261|Q65241261]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-25&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3&quot;&gt;http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-12-17&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3&quot;&gt;http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q65241261|1942 Pacific typhoon season]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27491613|Pacific typhoon season]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q76356407|Q76356407]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-09&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c&quot;&gt;https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-12&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q76356407|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 09.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q76356410|Q76356410]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-11&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-15&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q76356410|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 11.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q76356414|Q76356414]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-13&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-16&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q76356414|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 13.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q76356419|Q76356419]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-15&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c&quot;&gt;https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-19&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q76356419|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 15.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q76356422|Q76356422]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-19&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-23&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q76356422|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 19.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q76356429|Q76356429]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-25&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-30&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q76356429|Transport from Berlin to the Riga Ghetto on January 25, 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q76356432|Q76356432]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-26&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-31&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q76356432|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 26.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478844|Q79478844]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-02&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478844|Chicago Council of Camera Clubs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478845|Q79478845]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-05&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478845|History of the Modern Poster]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478849|Q79478849]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-06&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478849|The Artist Uses His Skill in War: Posters Designed by a Group of Bay Region Artists]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478851|Q79478851]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478851|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Models: Art in Camouflage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478854|Q79478854]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-09&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-25&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478854|William Gropper]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478858|Q79478858]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-12&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-25&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478858|Oils by William Gerstle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478861|Q79478861]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-13&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-05&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478861|Exhibitions for Art Understanding]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478864|Q79478864]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-14&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478864|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Art of the Argentine Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478867|Q79478867]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-14&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-01&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478867|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Prints of Latin America, Section I]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478872|Q79478872]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-19&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-01&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478872|Photographs of Mexico by Maude Martin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478877|Q79478877]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-20&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478877|Emmy Lou Packard]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478882|Q79478882]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-21&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-01&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478882|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Posters from U.S.S.R.]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q79478884|Q79478884]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-26&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-08&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q79478884|Oils by Werner Philipp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267&quot;&gt;https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q87406449|Q87406449]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-25
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-09-02
| ''[[:d:Q87406449|Jonge Sierkunstenaars]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q99885166|Q99885166]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d&quot;&gt;https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q99885166|transport from Pilsen to Ghetto Theresienstadt on January 18th 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q99889221|Q99889221]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q99889221|Transport von Leipzig in das Ghetto Riga am 21.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q99889236|Q99889236]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-22&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d&quot;&gt;https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q99889236|Transport von Pilsen nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 22.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q99889257|Q99889257]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-26
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-26&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d&quot;&gt;https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q99889257|Transport von Pilsen in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q99889382|Q99889382]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-27
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q99889382|Transport von Gelsenkirchen in das Ghetto Riga am 27.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16&quot;&gt;https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1&lt;/ref&gt;
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q100526795|Q100526795]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-28&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d&quot;&gt;https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q100526795|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 28.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q100526955|Q100526955]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-30&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d&quot;&gt;https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''[[:d:Q100526955|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 30.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106104733|Q106104733]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-11
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-03-27
| ''[[:d:Q106104733|Japanische Invasion von Celebes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106450243|Q106450243]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q106450243|Deportations from Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q379693|deportation]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;ref_a21cd404e6d137d131e449ddf463b6aca031da9062ba1f72fc70eb4f1ab790f3&quot;&gt;http://www.vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q106619215|Q106619215]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-24
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-29
| ''[[:d:Q106619215|Japanese invasion of West Borneo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890677|Q110890677]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-15
| ''[[:d:Q110890677|New Acquisitions: Latin-American Art]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890678|Q110890678]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q110890678|New Acquisitions: Photographs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890679|Q110890679]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-04-09
| ''[[:d:Q110890679|Dancers in Movement: Photographs by Gjon Mili]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890681|Q110890681]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-03-08
| ''[[:d:Q110890681|Americans 1942: 18 Artists from 9 States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q110890682|Q110890682]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-03-02
| ''[[:d:Q110890682|The Artists' New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q113573421|Q113573421]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-25
| ''[[:d:Q113573421|1942 German Balkline-45/2 Championship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q126046678|Q126046678]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18&lt;br/&gt;1942-01-17
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-02-17&lt;br/&gt;1942-02-16
| ''[[:d:Q126046678|Muharram 1361 AH]]''
| ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q129076438|Q129076438]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-20
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-05-10
| ''[[:d:Q129076438|Republic of Foča]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11192275|Liberated territories of Yugoslavia in World War II]]''
| 
|-
| [[:d:Q138747844|Q138747844]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-01-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-04-17
| ''[[:d:Q138747844|Campionat de Catalunya d'hoquei sobre patins 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>faijobhnk22xls4763khjobifjk70b3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Appendice:Lista de taxones del classe Mammalia</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>41382</id>
    <revision>
      <id>699418</id>
      <parentid>699107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-31T16:26:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>24326</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>699418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86950" sha1="hl7xsxoyw5pdze5cbr02p9mudl8u38t" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox}}
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?sl { ?item wdt:P171* wd:Q7377  . OPTIONAL {?item wikibase:sitelinks ?sl } . 
                     FILTER (?sl &gt;= 50)
                     } ORDER BY DESC(?sl)
|section=
|sort=
|columns=number:#,item,label:Article,P225,?sl,description,P18,P31,P279,P171,P361
|thumb=48
|min_section=
|links=red_only
|summary=itemnumber
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! #
! item
! Article
! nomine del taxon
! ?sl
! description
! imagine
! instantia de
! subclasse de
! taxon superior immediate
! parte de
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[:d:Q58697|Q58697]]
| [[Sus scrofa]]
| Sus scrofa
| 163
| 
| [[File:Wildschwein, Nähe Pulverstampftor.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Sus]]
| [[Sus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[:d:Q9482|Q9482]]
| [[Sciuridae]]
| Sciuridae
| 158
| 
| [[File:Sciurus carolinensis.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Sciuromorpha]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[:d:Q10850|Q10850]]
| [[Rodentia]]
| Rodentia
| 155
| 
| [[File:Tamias striatus CT.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[fur-bearing animal]]
| [[Glires]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Simplicidentata]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[:d:Q34718|Q34718]]
| [[Rhinocerotidae]]
| Rhinocerotidae
| 155
| 
| [[File:Waterberg Nashorn1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[perissodactylos]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Rhinocerotoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[:d:Q34505|Q34505]]
| [[Hippopotamus amphibius]]
| Hippopotamus amphibius
| 147
| 
| [[File:Portrait Hippopotamus in the water.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hippopotamus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[:d:Q33602|Q33602]]
| [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]]
| Ailuropoda melanoleuca
| 146
| 
| [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ailuropoda]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[:d:Q42046|Q42046]]
| [[Hyaenidae]]
| Hyaenidae
| 142
| 
| [[File:Crocuta-hejda.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Herpestoidea]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Aeluroidea]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Feliformia|feliformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| [[:d:Q46076|Q46076]]
| [[Lepus]]
| Lepus
| 141
| 
| [[File:Hare Hare (20300967221).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Leporidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| [[:d:Q15083|Q15083]]
| [[Giraffa camelopardalis]]
| Giraffa camelopardalis
| 139
| 
| [[File:Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) - Murchison Falls National Park.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Giraffa]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| [[:d:Q36341|Q36341]]
| [[Ursus arctos]]
| Ursus arctos
| 138
| 
| [[File:202309 Ezo brown bear.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[bear]]
| [[Ursus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| [[:d:Q30197|Q30197]]
| [[Panthera uncia]]
| Panthera uncia
| 132
| 
| [[File:Uncia uncia.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[apex predator]]&lt;br/&gt;[[flagship species]]
| 
| [[Panthera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 12
| [[:d:Q36101|Q36101]]
| [[Phascolarctos cinereus]]
| Phascolarctos cinereus
| 129
| 
| [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Phascolarctos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 13
| [[:d:Q35517|Q35517]]
| [[Alces alces]]
| Alces alces
| 129
| 
| [[File:A male moose takes a rest in a field during a light rainshower.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Alces]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 14
| [[:d:Q27066|Q27066]]
| [[Meles meles]]
| Meles meles
| 123
| 
| [[File:European badger (Meles meles taxus) Drenthe.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Meles]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 15
| [[:d:Q25311|Q25311]]
| [[Mustela nivalis]]
| Mustela nivalis
| 122
| 
| [[File:Mustela nivalis -British Wildlife Centre-4.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 16
| [[:d:Q29995|Q29995]]
| [[Lutra lutra]]
| Lutra lutra
| 121
| 
| [[File:Otter.png|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lutra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 17
| [[:d:Q39624|Q39624]]
| [[Rangifer tarandus]]
| Rangifer tarandus
| 121
| 
| [[File:Caribou.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Cervides|Cervidae]]
| [[Rangifer]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 18
| [[:d:Q83310|Q83310]]
| [[Mus musculus]]
| Mus musculus
| 120
| 
| [[File:202101 Mouse.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 19
| [[:d:Q26843|Q26843]]
| [[Orcinus orca]]
| Orcinus orca
| 115
| 
| [[File:202402 Killer whale.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Odontoceti]]
| [[Orcinus]]
| [[Blackfish]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 20
| [[:d:Q41960|Q41960]]
| [[Ailurus fulgens]]
| Ailurus fulgens
| 112
| 
| [[File:RedPanda SingalilaNationalPark DFrame.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ailurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 21
| [[:d:Q80479|Q80479]]
| [[Herpestidae]]
| Herpestidae
| 111
| 
| [[File:Dwarf mongoose Korkeasaari zoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Feliformia|feliformes]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Herpestoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 22
| [[:d:Q41692|Q41692]]
| [[mule]]
| Equus asinus × Equus caballus
| 111
| 
| [[File:Juancito.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[hybrid taxon]]
| [[packhorse]]&lt;br/&gt;[[horse–donkey hybrid]]
| [[Equus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 23
| [[:d:Q42196|Q42196]]
| [[Balaenoptera musculus]]
| Balaenoptera musculus
| 111
| 
| [[File:202501 Blue whale.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Cetacea]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Balaenoptera physalus]]
| [[Balaenoptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 24
| [[:d:Q4388|Q4388]]
| [[Sciurus vulgaris]]
| Sciurus vulgaris
| 110
| 
| [[File:Squirrel posing.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Sciurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 25
| [[:d:Q25345|Q25345]]
| [[Mustela erminea]]
| Mustela erminea
| 109
| 
| [[File:Røyskatt (Mustela erminea erminea), Lista, Norway.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 26
| [[:d:Q30847|Q30847]]
| [[Caracal caracal]]
| Caracal caracal
| 109
| 
| [[File:Caracal Caracal-001.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[big cat]]
| [[Caracal]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 27
| [[:d:Q79794|Q79794]]
| [[Cervus elaphus]]
| Cervus elaphus
| 109
| 
| [[File:Cervus elaphus Luc Viatour 6.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cervus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 28
| [[:d:Q79803|Q79803]]
| [[Cavia porcellus]]
| Cavia porcellus
| 108
| 
| [[File:Conill porquí gàbia.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[organismo modelo]]
| 
| [[Cavia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 29
| [[:d:Q122069|Q122069]]
| [[Capreolus capreolus]]
| Capreolus capreolus
| 108
| 
| [[File:Capreolus (js)11.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Capreolus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 30
| [[:d:Q30263|Q30263]]
| [[Pinnipedia]]
| Pinnipedia
| 107
| 
| [[File:Common seal (Phoca vitulina) 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[Caniformia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 31
| [[:d:Q46212|Q46212]]
| [[Orycteropus afer]]
| Orycteropus afer
| 106
| 
| [[File:Orycteropus afer stuffed.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[insectivore]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mammiferos]]
| [[Orycteropus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 32
| [[:d:Q14334|Q14334]]
| [[glutton]]
| Gulo gulo
| 106
| mammifero carnivore
| [[File:Gulo gulo 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Gulo]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 33
| [[:d:Q82738|Q82738]]
| [[Vulpes lagopus]]
| Vulpes lagopus
| 105
| 
| [[File:Vulpes lagopus in Iceland (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 34
| [[:d:Q41631|Q41631]]
| [[Soricidae]]
| Soricidae
| 104
| 
| [[File:Southern short-tailed shrew.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eulipotyphla]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 35
| [[:d:Q159429|Q159429]]
| [[Papio]]
| Papio
| 103
| 
| [[File:Olive baboon.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cercopithecinae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Papionini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 36
| [[:d:Q25437|Q25437]]
| [[Mustelidae]]
| Mustelidae
| 101
| 
| [[File:Marten with Flowers.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Musteloidea]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Caniformia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 37
| [[:d:Q200184|Q200184]]
| [[Lutrinae]]
| Lutrinae
| 101
| 
| [[File:LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustelidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 38
| [[:d:Q128098|Q128098]]
| [[Canis aureus]]
| Canis aureus
| 101
| 
| [[File:033 Golden jackal in Keoladeo National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 39
| [[:d:Q125525|Q125525]]
| [[jackal]]
| 
| 100
| 
| [[File:Golden jackal (Canis aureus indicus) male head.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[organisms known by a particular common name]]
| [[Canina]]
| [[Canina]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 40
| [[:d:Q25851|Q25851]]
| [[Oryctolagus cuniculus]]
| Oryctolagus cuniculus
| 100
| 
| [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[conilio]]
| [[Oryctolagus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 41
| [[:d:Q122783|Q122783]]
| [[Ursus americanus]]
| Ursus americanus
| 99
| 
| [[File:American black bear (19647087094).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Ursidae]]
| [[Ursus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 42
| [[:d:Q19537|Q19537]]
| [[bonobo]]
| Pan paniscus
| 99
| specie de primate
| [[File:Bonobo at Nsele Valley Park, Kinshasa, DR Congo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Chimpanze]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 43
| [[:d:Q862089|Q862089]]
| [[Giraffa]]
| Giraffa
| 99
| 
| [[File:Giraffe Mikumi National Park.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Giraffina]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 44
| [[:d:Q82037|Q82037]]
| [[Okapia johnstoni]]
| Okapia johnstoni
| 98
| 
| [[File:Okapi and son.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Okapia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 45
| [[:d:Q25374|Q25374]]
| [[perissodactylos]]
| Perissodactyla
| 97
| 
| [[File:00296 zebra.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[Perissodactylamorpha]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 46
| [[:d:Q10798|Q10798]]
| [[Sus]]
| Sus
| 97
| 
| [[File:Zwijntje.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[animal]]
| [[Suini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 47
| [[:d:Q81214|Q81214]]
| [[Physeter macrocephalus]]
| Physeter macrocephalus
| 97
| 
| [[File:Mother and baby sperm whale.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[whale]]
| [[Physeter]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 48
| [[:d:Q123102|Q123102]]
| [[Thylacinus cynocephalus]]
| Thylacinus cynocephalus
| 96
| 
| [[File:Thylacines.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[extinct taxon]]
| 
| [[Thylacinus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 49
| [[:d:Q26046|Q26046]]
| [[Martes martes]]
| Martes martes
| 96
| 
| [[File:Pine Marten (48173751702).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Martes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 50
| [[:d:Q2274076|Q2274076]]
| [[Folivora]]
| Folivora
| 95
| 
| [[File:Bradypus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pilosa]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 51
| [[:d:Q42797|Q42797]]
| [[Trichechus]]
| Trichechus
| 95
| 
| [[File:Endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) (7636816484).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Trichechidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 52
| [[:d:Q185939|Q185939]]
| [[Hylobatidae]]
| Hylobatidae
| 95
| 
| [[File:Hylobates lar pair of white and black 01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hominoide]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 53
| [[:d:Q133006|Q133006]]
| [[Elephas maximus]]
| Elephas maximus
| 95
| 
| [[File:Asian elephant - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[elephante]]
| [[Elephas]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 54
| [[:d:Q25401|Q25401]]
| [[Lagomorpha]]
| Lagomorpha
| 94
| 
| [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Glires]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 55
| [[:d:Q6120|Q6120]]
| [[Erinaceinae]]
| Erinaceinae
| 93
| 
| [[File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Erinaceidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 56
| [[:d:Q80952|Q80952]]
| [[Panthera tigris tigris]]
| Panthera tigris tigris
| 93
| 
| [[File:Bengal tiger in Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 05.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[tigre]]
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 57
| [[:d:Q6573|Q6573]]
| [[Cricetinae]]
| Cricetinae
| 93
| 
| [[File:A pet hamster named Peach.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Cricetidae]]
| [[Cricetidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 58
| [[:d:Q134015|Q134015]]
| [[Suricata suricatta]]
| Suricata suricatta
| 92
| 
| [[File:Meerkat (Suricata suricatta).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Suricata]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 59
| [[:d:Q173128|Q173128]]
| [[Mellivora capensis]]
| Mellivora capensis
| 91
| 
| [[File:Honey badger.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mellivora]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 60
| [[:d:Q173651|Q173651]]
| [[Lycaon pictus]]
| Lycaon pictus
| 91
| 
| [[File:Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lycaon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 61
| [[:d:Q166794|Q166794]]
| [[Otocolobus manul]]
| Otocolobus manul
| 90
| 
| [[File:Otocolobus manul -Zurich Zoo-8a.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Otocolobus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 62
| [[:d:Q124410|Q124410]]
| [[Ursus thibetanus]]
| Ursus thibetanus
| 90
| 
| [[File:Ursus thibetanus 3 (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ursus]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Selenarctos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 63
| [[:d:Q47867|Q47867]]
| [[Dasypodidae]]
| Dasypodidae
| 90
| 
| [[File:Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cingulata]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 64
| [[:d:Q104825|Q104825]]
| [[Talpidae]]
| Talpidae
| 90
| 
| [[File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eulipotyphla]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 65
| [[:d:Q177601|Q177601]]
| [[Macaca]]
| Macaca
| 90
| 
| [[File:Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) Photograph By Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cercopithecinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 66
| [[:d:Q36557|Q36557]]
| [[Loxodonta africana]]
| Loxodonta africana
| 90
| 
| [[File:178 Male African bush elephant in Etosha National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Loxodonta]]
| [[Loxodonta]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 67
| [[:d:Q26838|Q26838]]
| [[Lepus europaeus]]
| Lepus europaeus
| 89
| 
| [[File:European Brown Hare (50341079472).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eulagos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 68
| [[:d:Q166898|Q166898]]
| [[Suidae]]
| Suidae
| 89
| 
| [[File:Lightmatter unidentified pig-like animal.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Suina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Suoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 69
| [[:d:Q172923|Q172923]]
| [[Capra]]
| Capra
| 89
| 
| [[File:Bouquetin01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Caprini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 70
| [[:d:Q25431|Q25431]]
| [[Sirenia]]
| Sirenia
| 88
| 
| [[File:FL fig04.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Placentarios]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mammiferos]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Tethytheria]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 71
| [[:d:Q28521|Q28521]]
| [[Mustela]]
| Mustela
| 88
| 
| [[File:Mustela species mosaic.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustelinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 72
| [[:d:Q38584|Q38584]]
| [[Canis lupus dingo]]
| Canis familiaris dingo
| 88
| 
| [[File:Dingo Side.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[racia can]]&lt;br/&gt;[[organisms known by a particular common name]]
| [[feral dog]]
| [[Canis familiaris]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 73
| [[:d:Q132585|Q132585]]
| [[Cuon alpinus]]
| Cuon alpinus
| 87
| 
| [[File:Dhole (Asiatic wild dog) cropped.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cuon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 74
| [[:d:Q103237|Q103237]]
| [[Australopithecus]]
| Australopithecus
| 87
| 
| [[File:Australopithecus Afarensis - Transparent Background.png|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Australopithecinae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Australopithecine]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 75
| [[:d:Q26533|Q26533]]
| [[Martes]]
| Martes
| 86
| 
| [[File:Martes martes crop.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Guloninae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 76
| [[:d:Q185194|Q185194]]
| [[Vulpes]]
| Vulpes
| 86
| 
| [[File:Genus vulpes.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpini]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Canides|Canidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 77
| [[:d:Q26423|Q26423]]
| [[Martes zibellina]]
| Martes zibellina
| 86
| 
| [[File:Sobol bur.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Martes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 78
| [[:d:Q131564|Q131564]]
| [[Vulpes zerda]]
| Vulpes zerda
| 86
| 
| [[File:Fennec Fox (9163009503).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 79
| [[:d:Q128001|Q128001]]
| [[Tapirus]]
| Tapirus
| 86
| 
| [[File:Malayan Tapir.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tapiridae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 80
| [[:d:Q26283|Q26283]]
| [[Ondatra zibethicus]]
| Ondatra zibethicus
| 86
| 
| [[File:Ondatra zibethicus FWS.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ondatra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 81
| [[:d:Q159918|Q159918]]
| [[Ceratotherium simum]]
| Ceratotherium simum
| 86
| 
| [[File:White rhinoceros africa.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ceratotherium]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 82
| [[:d:Q132905|Q132905]]
| [[Megaptera novaeangliae]]
| Megaptera novaeangliae
| 86
| 
| [[File:202312 Humpback whale.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Megaptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 83
| [[:d:Q21834|Q21834]]
| [[Didelphidae]]
| Didelphidae
| 85
| 
| [[File:AwesomePossum-AmericanOpossum.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Didelphimorphia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 84
| [[:d:Q26582|Q26582]]
| [[Mustela putorius]]
| Mustela putorius
| 85
| 
| [[File:Ilder.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 85
| [[:d:Q95036|Q95036]]
| [[Diceros bicornis]]
| Diceros bicornis
| 85
| 
| [[File:2012 Black Rhinoceros Gemsbokvlakte.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Diceros]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 86
| [[:d:Q184004|Q184004]]
| [[Ovibos moschatus]]
| Ovibos moschatus
| 85
| 
| [[File:Ovibos moschatus qtl3.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ovibos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 87
| [[:d:Q159857|Q159857]]
| [[Dama dama]]
| Dama dama
| 85
| 
| [[File:Fallow deer in field.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[deer]]
| [[Dama]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 88
| [[:d:Q132072|Q132072]]
| [[Delphinapterus leucas]]
| Delphinapterus leucas
| 85
| 
| [[File:Beluga oceanografic.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Delphinapterus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 89
| [[:d:Q23175|Q23175]]
| [[Vombatidae]]
| Vombatidae
| 84
| 
| [[File:Vombatus ursinus (Wombat in snow).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vombatiformes]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vombatoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 90
| [[:d:Q69581|Q69581]]
| [[Panthera tigris altaica]]
| Panthera tigris altaica
| 84
| 
| [[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 91
| [[:d:Q5452918|Q5452918]]
| [[Simiiformes]]
| Simiiformes
| 84
| 
| [[File:Simiiformes.png|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Haplorrhini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 92
| [[:d:Q131340|Q131340]]
| [[Rupicapra rupicapra]]
| Rupicapra rupicapra
| 84
| 
| [[File:064 Wild Chamois Parc régional Chasseral Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Rupicapra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 93
| [[:d:Q6145|Q6145]]
| [[Erinaceus europaeus]]
| Erinaceus europaeus
| 83
| 
| [[File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Erinaceus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 94
| [[:d:Q42627|Q42627]]
| [[Prionailurus bengalensis]]
| Prionailurus bengalensis
| 83
| 
| [[File:Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Prionailurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 95
| [[:d:Q36135|Q36135]]
| [[Neofelis nebulosa]]
| Neofelis nebulosa
| 83
| 
| [[File:Clouded Leopard (205918213).jpeg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Neofelis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 96
| [[:d:Q21824|Q21824]]
| [[echidna]]
| Tachyglossidae
| 82
| 
| [[File:Tachyglossus aculeatus side on.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Monotremas|Monotremata]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ornithorhynchoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 97
| [[:d:Q27366|Q27366]]
| [[Martes foina]]
| Martes foina
| 82
| 
| [[File:Beech Marten.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Martes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 98
| [[:d:Q133189|Q133189]]
| [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]]
| Nyctereutes procyonoides
| 82
| 
| [[File:Енотовидная собака Гродно (cropped 2).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Nyctereutes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 99
| [[:d:Q129544|Q129544]]
| [[Dugong dugon]]
| Dugong dugon
| 81
| 
| [[File:Dugong Marsa Alam.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Dugong]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 100
| [[:d:Q129727|Q129727]]
| [[Lynx pardinus]]
| Lynx pardinus
| 81
| 
| [[File:Lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus), Almuradiel, Ciudad Real, España, 2021-12-19, DD 07.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lynx (taxon)]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 101
| [[:d:Q144923|Q144923]]
| [[Helarctos malayanus]]
| Helarctos malayanus
| 81
| 
| [[File:Sitting sun bear.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Helarctos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 102
| [[:d:Q184224|Q184224]]
| [[Rattus norvegicus]]
| Rattus norvegicus
| 81
| 
| [[File:A river rat.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[organismo modelo]]
| 
| [[Ratto]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 103
| [[:d:Q180404|Q180404]]
| [[Cervus canadensis]]
| Cervus canadensis
| 81
| 
| [[File:Jasper.Wapiti-Hirsch.P1033401.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cervus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 104
| [[:d:Q46889|Q46889]]
| [[Bos primigenius indicus]]
| Bos primigenius indicus
| 81
| 
| [[File:A well-fed bull in Kuno WS AJTJ P1070807.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[milk yielding animal]]
| [[Bos taurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 105
| [[:d:Q182347|Q182347]]
| [[leon asiatic]]
| Panthera leo persica
| 80
| 
| [[File:Asiatic Lioness in Gir Forest.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[leon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 106
| [[:d:Q971343|Q971343]]
| [[Microchiroptera]]
| Microchiroptera
| 79
| 
| [[File:Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 107
| [[:d:Q147114|Q147114]]
| [[Procyonidae]]
| Procyonidae
| 79
| 
| [[File:Procyonidae-01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Musteloidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 108
| [[:d:Q41407|Q41407]]
| [[Enhydra lutris]]
| Enhydra lutris
| 79
| 
| [[File:Otter in Seward, Alaska, April 2017.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Enhydra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 109
| [[:d:Q209067|Q209067]]
| [[Talpa europaea]]
| Talpa europaea
| 78
| 
| [[File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Talpa]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 110
| [[:d:Q126683|Q126683]]
| [[Saiga tatarica]]
| Saiga tatarica
| 78
| 
| [[File:Saiga antelope at the Stepnoi Sanctuary.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Saiga]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 111
| [[:d:Q10867|Q10867]]
| [[Phocoenidae]]
| Phocoenidae
| 78
| 
| [[File:Porpoise 042.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Delphinoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 112
| [[:d:Q185864|Q185864]]
| [[Viverridae]]
| Viverridae
| 77
| 
| [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Feliformia|feliformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 113
| [[:d:Q178089|Q178089]]
| [[Crocuta crocuta]]
| Crocuta crocuta
| 77
| 
| [[File:Hiena manchada (Crocuta crocuta), parque nacional Kruger, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-26, DD 22.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Crocuta]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 114
| [[:d:Q171004|Q171004]]
| [[Ursus arctos horribilis]]
| Ursus arctos horribilis
| 77
| 
| [[File:Grizzly Denali edit.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ursus arctos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 115
| [[:d:Q185038|Q185038]]
| [[Loxodonta]]
| Loxodonta
| 77
| 
| [[File:African Bush Elephant.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[elephante]]
| [[Elephante|Elephantidae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Loxodontini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 116
| [[:d:Q47910|Q47910]]
| [[Rhinoceros unicornis]]
| Rhinoceros unicornis
| 77
| 
| [[File:Greater one-horned rhinoceros at Chitwan.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[Rhinoceros]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 117
| [[:d:Q174296|Q174296]]
| [[Gauro]]
| Bos gaurus
| 77
| 
| [[File:Gaur Indian Bison.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Bos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 118
| [[:d:Q190858|Q190858]]
| [[Gazella]]
| Gazella
| 77
| 
| [[File:Chinkara - Shreeram M V - Bikaner.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Antilopini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 119
| [[:d:Q185231|Q185231]]
| [[Mirounga]]
| Mirounga
| 76
| 
| [[File:Mirounga leonina.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Monachinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 120
| [[:d:Q42602|Q42602]]
| [[felinos]]
| Felinae
| 76
| 
| [[File:Felinae diversity 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[felides]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 121
| [[:d:Q146457|Q146457]]
| [[Lynx canadensis]]
| Lynx canadensis
| 76
| 
| [[File:Canada lynx by Michael Zahra.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lynx (taxon)]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 122
| [[:d:Q187704|Q187704]]
| [[Myocastor coypus]]
| Myocastor coypus
| 76
| 
| [[File:202401 Myocastor coypus.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Myocastor]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 123
| [[:d:Q156606|Q156606]]
| [[Macaca mulatta]]
| Macaca mulatta
| 76
| 
| [[File:112 Baby rhesus macaque in Jim Corbett National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[organismo modelo]]
| 
| [[Macaca]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 124
| [[:d:Q27179|Q27179]]
| [[Neovison vison]]
| Neogale vison
| 75
| 
| [[File:American Mink.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Neovison]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Neogale]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 125
| [[:d:Q190674|Q190674]]
| [[Prionailurus viverrinus]]
| Prionailurus viverrinus
| 75
| 
| [[File:Prionailurus viverrinus 01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Prionailurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 126
| [[:d:Q192231|Q192231]]
| [[Caracal aurata]]
| Profelis aurata
| 75
| 
| [[File:FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Caracal]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 127
| [[:d:Q182968|Q182968]]
| [[Cercopithecidae]]
| Cercopithecidae
| 75
| 
| [[File:Olive baboon Ngorongoro.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cercopithecoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 128
| [[:d:Q26547|Q26547]]
| [[Yak salvage]]
| Bos mutus
| 75
| 
| [[File:Wild Yak Stuffed.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[taxon synonyme]]
| 
| [[Bos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 129
| [[:d:Q183339|Q183339]]
| [[Antilope cervicapra]]
| Antilope cervicapra
| 75
| 
| [[File:BlackBuck.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Antilope]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 130
| [[:d:Q213084|Q213084]]
| [[Antidorcas marsupialis]]
| Antidorcas marsupialis
| 75
| 
| [[File:174 Male Springbok in Etosha National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Antidorcas]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 131
| [[:d:Q23193|Q23193]]
| [[Macropodidae]]
| Macropodidae
| 74
| 
| [[File:Kangaroo.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macropodiformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 132
| [[:d:Q26559|Q26559]]
| [[Mustela lutreola]]
| Mustela lutreola
| 74
| 
| [[File:Europäischer Nerz.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 133
| [[:d:Q188657|Q188657]]
| [[Hyaena hyaena]]
| Hyaena hyaena
| 74
| 
| [[File:Museo della Specola (Florence) - Hyaena hyaena.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hyaena]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 134
| [[:d:Q180035|Q180035]]
| [[Lepus timidus]]
| Lepus timidus
| 74
| 
| [[File:Lepus timidus in Volgograd Oblast.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lepus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 135
| [[:d:Q190516|Q190516]]
| [[Cervus nippon]]
| Cervus nippon
| 74
| 
| [[File:202308 Japanese deer.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cervus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 136
| [[:d:Q182304|Q182304]]
| [[Puma yagouaroundi]]
| Puma yagouaroundi
| 73
| 
| [[File:Puma yagouaroundi.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Puma]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 137
| [[:d:Q108235|Q108235]]
| [[Gliridae]]
| Gliridae
| 73
| 
| [[File:Graphiurus spec -murinus-1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Sciuromorpha]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 138
| [[:d:Q174199|Q174199]]
| [[Tursiops truncatus]]
| Tursiops truncatus
| 73
| 
| [[File:Tursiops truncatus 01-cropped.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tursiops]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 139
| [[:d:Q26913|Q26913]]
| [[Phoca vitulina]]
| Phoca vitulina
| 72
| 
| [[File:Common Seal Phoca vitulina.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Phoca (genere)|Phoca]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 140
| [[:d:Q185295|Q185295]]
| [[Proteles cristata]]
| Proteles cristata
| 72
| 
| [[File:Proteles cristatus1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Proteles]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 141
| [[:d:Q145016|Q145016]]
| [[Melursus ursinus]]
| Melursus ursinus
| 72
| 
| [[File:SlothBear.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Melursus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 142
| [[:d:Q231550|Q231550]]
| [[Scandentia]]
| Scandentia
| 72
| 
| [[File:Tupaia belangeri -Kaeng Krachan.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Euarchonta]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 143
| [[:d:Q185385|Q185385]]
| [[Lemur catta]]
| Lemur catta
| 72
| 
| [[File:Lemur catta 001.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lemur]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 144
| [[:d:Q29220|Q29220]]
| [[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis]]
| Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
| 72
| 
| [[File:Sumatran Rhino 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Dicerorhinus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 145
| [[:d:Q216815|Q216815]]
| [[Taurotragus oryx]]
| Taurotragus oryx
| 72
| 
| [[File:Taurotragus oryx - young bull - Etosha 2015.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Taurotragus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 146
| [[:d:Q168327|Q168327]]
| [[Capra ibex]]
| Capra ibex
| 72
| 
| [[File:094 Wild female Alpine Ibex at Creux du Van (crop) Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Capra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 147
| [[:d:Q192930|Q192930]]
| [[Chinchilla]]
| Chinchilla
| 71
| 
| [[File:Chinchilla lanigera (Wroclaw zoo)-2.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Rodentia]]
| [[Chinchillidae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Chinchillinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 148
| [[:d:Q186778|Q186778]]
| [[Daubentonia madagascariensis]]
| Daubentonia madagascariensis
| 71
| 
| [[File:Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), Tsimbazaza Zoo, Madagascar (3897947810).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Daubentonia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 149
| [[:d:Q189514|Q189514]]
| [[Loxodonta cyclotis]]
| Loxodonta cyclotis
| 71
| 
| [[File:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Loxodonta]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 150
| [[:d:Q186267|Q186267]]
| [[Ovis ammon]]
| Ovis ammon
| 71
| 
| [[File:Ovis ammon (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ovis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 151
| [[:d:Q180960|Q180960]]
| [[Equus hemionus]]
| Equus hemionus
| 71
| 
| [[File:Kulan (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Equus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 152
| [[:d:Q243359|Q243359]]
| [[Ursus]]
| Ursus
| 70
| 
| [[File:Black bear large.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ursinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 153
| [[:d:Q147128|Q147128]]
| [[Glis glis]]
| Glis glis
| 70
| 
| [[File:Glis glis 4058.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Glis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 154
| [[:d:Q179020|Q179020]]
| [[Balaenoptera physalus]]
| Balaenoptera physalus
| 70
| 
| [[File:Finhval.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Balaenidae]]
| [[Balaenoptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 155
| [[:d:Q26332|Q26332]]
| [[Diprotodontia]]
| Diprotodontia
| 69
| 
| [[File:Macropus agilis - 02.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mammiferos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 156
| [[:d:Q230177|Q230177]]
| [[Pantherinae]]
| Pantherinae
| 69
| 
| [[File:Jaguar head shot.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[felides]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 157
| [[:d:Q188717|Q188717]]
| [[Smilodon]]
| Smilodon
| 69
| 
| [[File:Smilodon californicus mount.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Smilodontini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 158
| [[:d:Q185239|Q185239]]
| [[Galagidae]]
| Galagidae
| 69
| 
| [[File:Greater Bush Baby.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lorisiformes]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lorisoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 159
| [[:d:Q200444|Q200444]]
| [[Boselaphus tragocamelus]]
| Boselaphus tragocamelus
| 69
| 
| [[File:Female neelgai 1 gir 2006 karthick.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Boselaphus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 160
| [[:d:Q185230|Q185230]]
| [[Pteropodidae]]
| Pteropodidae
| 68
| 
| [[File:Pteropus conspicillatus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 161
| [[:d:Q183330|Q183330]]
| [[Cryptoprocta ferox]]
| Cryptoprocta ferox
| 68
| 
| [[File:Cryptoprocta Ferox.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cryptoprocta]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 162
| [[:d:Q18764|Q18764]]
| [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]]
| Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
| 68
| 
| [[File:Asian palm civet in Rabindra Sarobar October 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Paradoxurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 163
| [[:d:Q213141|Q213141]]
| [[Arctictis binturong]]
| Arctictis binturong
| 68
| 
| [[File:Binturong in Overloon.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Arctictis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 164
| [[:d:Q187024|Q187024]]
| [[Vulpes corsac]]
| Vulpes corsac
| 68
| 
| [[File:Vulpes corsac.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 165
| [[:d:Q214835|Q214835]]
| [[Vulpes bengalensis]]
| Vulpes bengalensis
| 68
| 
| [[File:Bengal Fox - Shreeram M V - Rajasthan, India.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 166
| [[:d:Q182573|Q182573]]
| [[liger]]
| Panthera leo × Panthera tigris
| 68
| 
| [[File:Liger couple.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[hybrid]]
| [[Panthera hybrid]]
| [[Panthera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 167
| [[:d:Q106133|Q106133]]
| [[Rattus rattus]]
| Rattus rattus
| 68
| 
| [[File:20191212 Szczury w Świątyni Karni Maty w Deśnok 1038 8111 DxO.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ratto]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 168
| [[:d:Q187927|Q187927]]
| [[Capra falconeri]]
| Capra falconeri
| 68
| 
| [[File:Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Capra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 169
| [[:d:Q186154|Q186154]]
| [[Giraffidae]]
| Giraffidae
| 68
| 
| [[File:Okapi.bristol.600pix.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Giraffoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 170
| [[:d:Q130942|Q130942]]
| [[Theria]]
| Theria
| 67
| 
| [[File:Theria.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Boreosphenida]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Holotheria]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 171
| [[:d:Q82261|Q82261]]
| [[Haplorrhini]]
| Haplorhini
| 67
| 
| [[File:Totenkopfaeffchen.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[primate]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 172
| [[:d:Q82265|Q82265]]
| [[Strepsirrhini]]
| Strepsirrhini
| 67
| 
| [[File:Propithecus verreauxi.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[primate]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 173
| [[:d:Q232866|Q232866]]
| [[Tayassuidae]]
| Tayassuidae
| 67
| 
| [[File:Collared peccary02 - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Suina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[artiodactylos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 174
| [[:d:Q199251|Q199251]]
| [[Spermophilus]]
| Spermophilus
| 67
| 
| [[File:Europäischer Ziesel in Hockstellung.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Marmotini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 175
| [[:d:Q199962|Q199962]]
| [[Macaca sylvanus]]
| Macaca sylvanus
| 67
| 
| [[File:Portrait of a father.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macaca]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 176
| [[:d:Q13408062|Q13408062]]
| [[Yak domestic]]
| Bos grunniens
| 67
| 
| [[File:Bos grunniens at Letdar on Annapurna Circuit.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Bos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 177
| [[:d:Q192029|Q192029]]
| [[Nasalis larvatus]]
| Nasalis larvatus
| 67
| 
| [[File:Proboscis Monkey in Borneo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon monotypic]]
| 
| [[Nasalis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 178
| [[:d:Q190154|Q190154]]
| [[Addax nasomaculatus]]
| Addax nasomaculatus
| 67
| 
| [[File:Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) adult male and juvenile.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Addax]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 179
| [[:d:Q174652|Q174652]]
| [[Balaena mysticetus]]
| Balaena mysticetus
| 67
| 
| [[File:Bowheads42.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Balaena]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 180
| [[:d:Q178973|Q178973]]
| [[Mustela putorius furo]]
| Mustela furo
| 66
| 
| [[File:202305 Mustela putorius furo.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 181
| [[:d:Q726151|Q726151]]
| [[Setonix brachyurus]]
| Setonix brachyurus
| 66
| 
| [[File:Rottnest Quokka 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Setonix]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 182
| [[:d:Q80191|Q80191]]
| [[catto marmorate]]
| Pardofelis marmorata
| 66
| 
| [[File:Marbled cat borneo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pardofelis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 183
| [[:d:Q184067|Q184067]]
| [[Ochotona]]
| Ochotona
| 66
| 
| [[File:American pika (ochotona princeps) with a mouthful of flowers.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ochotonidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 184
| [[:d:Q193061|Q193061]]
| [[Cricetidae]]
| Cricetidae
| 66
| 
| [[File:Hamster.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Rodentia]]
| [[Muroidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 185
| [[:d:Q186462|Q186462]]
| [[Lemuridae]]
| Lemuridae
| 66
| 
| [[File:Eulemur coronatus Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lemuroidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 186
| [[:d:Q189868|Q189868]]
| [[Mandrillus sphinx]]
| Mandrillus sphinx
| 66
| 
| [[File:Mandrill (4531340530).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mandrillus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 187
| [[:d:Q232054|Q232054]]
| [[Axis axis]]
| Axis axis
| 66
| 
| [[File:Chital in Sundarbans National Park July 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Axis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 188
| [[:d:Q105777|Q105777]]
| [[Homo ergaster]]
| Homo ergaster
| 66
| 
| [[File:Homo ergaster.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 189
| [[:d:Q210872|Q210872]]
| [[Platanista gangetica]]
| Platanista gangetica
| 66
| 
| [[File:Ganges River Dolphin cropped.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Platanista]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 190
| [[:d:Q1231177|Q1231177]]
| [[Ungulata]]
| Ungulata
| 65
| 
| [[File:Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Tetrapoda]]
| [[Placentarios]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Epitheria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Fereuungulata]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 191
| [[:d:Q22110899|Q22110899]]
| [[Choeropsis liberiensis]]
| Choeropsis liberiensis
| 65
| 
| [[File:Pygmy hippopotamus pair.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Choeropsis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 192
| [[:d:Q229337|Q229337]]
| [[Rusa unicolor]]
| Rusa unicolor
| 65
| 
| [[File:A Sambal Deer at Peace.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Rusa]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 193
| [[:d:Q45969|Q45969]]
| [[Equus quagga quagga]]
| Equus quagga quagga
| 65
| 
| [[File:Berlin Quagga.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[extinct taxon]]
| 
| [[Equus quagga]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 194
| [[:d:Q187943|Q187943]]
| [[Antilocapra americana]]
| Antilocapra americana
| 65
| 
| [[File:Antilocapra americana female (Wyoming, 2012).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Antilocapra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 195
| [[:d:Q188130|Q188130]]
| [[Lipotes vexillifer]]
| Lipotes vexillifer
| 65
| 
| [[File:Baiji Dolphin killed by Charles Hoy 1914.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lipotes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 196
| [[:d:Q27370|Q27370]]
| [[Halichoerus grypus]]
| Halichoerus grypus
| 64
| 
| [[File:Halichoerus grypus male.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Halichoerus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 197
| [[:d:Q186663|Q186663]]
| [[Hydrurga leptonyx]]
| Hydrurga leptonyx
| 64
| 
| [[File:Hydrurga leptonyx edit1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hydrurga]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 198
| [[:d:Q241256|Q241256]]
| [[Civettictis civetta]]
| Civettictis civetta
| 64
| 
| [[File:African civet.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Civettictis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 199
| [[:d:Q191129|Q191129]]
| [[Panthera tigris sumatrae]]
| Panthera tigris sumatrae
| 64
| 
| [[File:Sumatran Tiger Berlin Tierpark.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 200
| [[:d:Q9490|Q9490]]
| [[Pteromyini]]
| Pteromyini
| 64
| 
| [[File:Glaucomys sabrinus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Sciurinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 201
| [[:d:Q231625|Q231625]]
| [[Lepus arcticus]]
| Lepus arcticus
| 64
| 
| [[File:Arctic Hare 1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lepus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 202
| [[:d:Q188949|Q188949]]
| [[Coelodonta antiquitatis]]
| Coelodonta antiquitatis
| 64
| 
| [[File:Coelodonta antiquitatis .jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Coelodonta]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 203
| [[:d:Q234121|Q234121]]
| [[Muntiacus]]
| Muntiacus
| 64
| 
| [[File:Muntiacus reevesi, Cologne Zoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Muntiacini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 204
| [[:d:Q207114|Q207114]]
| [[Delphinus delphis]]
| Delphinus delphis
| 64
| 
| [[File:Delphinus delphis 326708883.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Delphinus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 205
| [[:d:Q184389|Q184389]]
| [[Chrysocyon brachyurus]]
| Chrysocyon brachyurus
| 63
| 
| [[File:Chrysocyon brachyurus no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra por Celso Ferrarezi Jr (07).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Chrysocyon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 206
| [[:d:Q8535351|Q8535351]]
| [[Tragulidae]]
| Tragulidae
| 63
| 
| [[File:Mouse-deer Singapore Zoo 2012.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tragulina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[artiodactylos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 207
| [[:d:Q189484|Q189484]]
| [[Papio hamadryas]]
| Papio hamadryas
| 63
| 
| [[File:Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) female.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Papio]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 208
| [[:d:Q193469|Q193469]]
| [[Budorcas taxicolor]]
| Budorcas taxicolor
| 63
| 
| [[File:Budorcas taxicolor01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Budorcas]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 209
| [[:d:Q219565|Q219565]]
| [[Equus grevyi]]
| Equus grevyi
| 63
| 
| [[File:Equus grevyi in Samburu.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Equus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 210
| [[:d:Q232829|Q232829]]
| [[Balaenopteridae]]
| Balaenopteridae
| 63
| 
| [[File:Humpback Whale underwater shot.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Balaenopteroidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 211
| [[:d:Q179154|Q179154]]
| [[Eschrichtius robustus]]
| Eschrichtius robustus
| 63
| 
| [[File:Gray whale.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eschrichtius]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 212
| [[:d:Q972452|Q972452]]
| [[Vermilingua]]
| Vermilingua
| 62
| 
| [[File:DirkvdM tamandua.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pilosa]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 213
| [[:d:Q203033|Q203033]]
| [[Myrmecophaga tridactyla]]
| Myrmecophaga tridactyla
| 62
| 
| [[File:Giant anteater at MAV-USP.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Myrmecophaga]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 214
| [[:d:Q53462|Q53462]]
| [[Macropus rufus]]
| Macropus rufus
| 62
| 
| [[File:Red kangaroo - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macropus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 215
| [[:d:Q204322|Q204322]]
| [[Felis bieti]]
| Felis bieti
| 62
| 
| [[File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cattos|catto]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 216
| [[:d:Q200400|Q200400]]
| [[Otocyon megalotis]]
| Otocyon megalotis
| 62
| 
| [[File:187 Bat-eared fox in Otjozondjupa Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Otocyon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 217
| [[:d:Q302006|Q302006]]
| [[Hystricidae]]
| Hystricidae
| 62
| 
| [[File:Porcupine Berlin Zoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[porcupine]]
| [[Hystricognathi]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 218
| [[:d:Q273071|Q273071]]
| [[Dipodidae]]
| Dipodidae
| 62
| 
| [[File:Jaculus orientalis Plzen zoo 02.2011.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Dipodoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 219
| [[:d:Q207148|Q207148]]
| [[Muscardinus avellanarius]]
| Muscardinus avellanarius
| 62
| 
| [[File:Haselmaus.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Muscardinus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 220
| [[:d:Q139487|Q139487]]
| [[Tragelaphus strepsiceros]]
| Tragelaphus strepsiceros
| 62
| 
| [[File:Greater kudu skeleton at MAV-USP.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Kudu]]
| [[Tragelaphus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 221
| [[:d:Q242602|Q242602]]
| [[Oreamnos americanus]]
| Oreamnos americanus
| 62
| 
| [[File:Mountain Goat Mount Massive.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Oreamnos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 222
| [[:d:Q243213|Q243213]]
| [[Equus zebra]]
| Equus zebra
| 62
| 
| [[File:Equus zebra - Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, Orlando, Florida, USA - 20100119.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Equus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 223
| [[:d:Q192993|Q192993]]
| [[Homo erectus erectus]]
| Homo erectus erectus
| 62
| 
| [[File:Javamensch Replik Rosensteinmuseum.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Homo erectus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 224
| [[:d:Q185097|Q185097]]
| [[Balaenoptera borealis]]
| Balaenoptera borealis
| 62
| 
| [[File:Balaenoptera borealis 3.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Balaenoptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 225
| [[:d:Q3887135|Q3887135]]
| [[Otariinae]]
| Otariinae
| 61
| 
| [[File:California sea lion in La Jolla (70568).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Otariidae]]
| [[Otariidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 226
| [[:d:Q208549|Q208549]]
| [[Monachus monachus]]
| Monachus monachus
| 61
| 
| [[File:Billy monk seal 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Monachus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 227
| [[:d:Q28157482|Q28157482]]
| [[Parahyaena brunnea]]
| Parahyaena brunnea
| 61
| 
| [[File:Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) (6472940707).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Parahyaena]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 228
| [[:d:Q192742|Q192742]]
| [[Panthera tigris corbetti]]
| Panthera tigris corbetti
| 61
| 
| [[File:Indochinese tiger in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 229
| [[:d:Q191781|Q191781]]
| [[Macaca fuscata]]
| Macaca fuscata
| 61
| 
| [[File:202308 Japanese macaque.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macaca]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 230
| [[:d:Q208561|Q208561]]
| [[Papio anubis]]
| Papio anubis
| 61
| 
| [[File:Male Olive Baboon 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Papio]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 231
| [[:d:Q623434|Q623434]]
| [[Kobus ellipsiprymnus]]
| Kobus ellipsiprymnus
| 61
| 
| [[File:Antílope acuático (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), parque nacional de Chobe, Botsuana, 2018-07-28, DD 49.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Kobus]]
| [[Wasserbock]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 232
| [[:d:Q644255|Q644255]]
| [[Cervus]]
| Cervus
| 61
| 
| [[File:Cervus elaphus Luc Viatour 6.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cervini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 233
| [[:d:Q3699044|Q3699044]]
| [[Woolly Mammoth]]
| Mammuthus primigenius
| 61
| 
| [[File:202003 Woolly mammoth.png|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Mammuthus|Mammut]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 234
| [[:d:Q45931|Q45931]]
| [[Peking Man]]
| Homo erectus pekinensis
| 61
| 
| [[File:Sinathropus pekinensis.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Homo erectus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 235
| [[:d:Q213333|Q213333]]
| [[Dasyuromorphia]]
| Dasyuromorphia
| 60
| 
| [[File:Dasyurus maculatus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Australidelphia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mammiferos]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Agreodontia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 236
| [[:d:Q190691|Q190691]]
| [[Desmodontinae]]
| Desmodontinae
| 60
| 
| [[File:Desmo-boden.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Phyllostomidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 237
| [[:d:Q43221|Q43221]]
| [[Genetta]]
| Genetta
| 60
| 
| [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Viverridae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 238
| [[:d:Q147267|Q147267]]
| [[Didelphis virginiana]]
| Didelphis virginiana
| 60
| 
| [[File:Opossum 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Didelphis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 239
| [[:d:Q149405|Q149405]]
| [[Erignathus barbatus]]
| Erignathus barbatus
| 60
| 
| [[File:Bartrobbe 3-2002.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Pinnipedia]]
| [[Erignathus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 240
| [[:d:Q254630|Q254630]]
| [[kinkajou]]
| Potos flavus
| 60
| 
| [[File:Potos flavus (22985770100).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Potos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 241
| [[:d:Q185401|Q185401]]
| [[Panthera tigris balica]]
| Panthera tigris balica
| 60
| 
| [[File:BaronOscarVojnich3Nov1911Ti.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[extinct taxon]]
| 
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 242
| [[:d:Q30359|Q30359]]
| [[Cynomys]]
| Cynomys
| 60
| 
| [[File:Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Eating.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Marmotini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 243
| [[:d:Q622880|Q622880]]
| [[Alcelaphus buselaphus]]
| Alcelaphus buselaphus
| 60
| 
| [[File:Coke's Hartebeest, running.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Alcelaphus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 244
| [[:d:Q207043|Q207043]]
| [[Oryx gazella]]
| Oryx gazella
| 60
| 
| [[File:Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) female ... (50917402268).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Oryx]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 245
| [[:d:Q212185|Q212185]]
| [[Apodemus sylvaticus]]
| Apodemus sylvaticus
| 60
| 
| [[File:Apodemus sylvaticus (Sardinia).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Apodemus]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Sylvaemus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 246
| [[:d:Q213889|Q213889]]
| [[Symphalangus syndactylus]]
| Symphalangus syndactylus
| 60
| 
| [[File:Siamang 2014.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Symphalangus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 247
| [[:d:Q215887|Q215887]]
| [[Odocoileus virginianus]]
| Odocoileus virginianus
| 60
| 
| [[File:White tailed doe odocoileus virginianus standing alertly in low brush and looking.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Odocoileus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 248
| [[:d:Q208112|Q208112]]
| [[Litocranius walleri]]
| Litocranius walleri
| 60
| 
| [[File:Giraffe gazelle africa.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Litocranius]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 249
| [[:d:Q201808|Q201808]]
| [[Balaenoptera acutorostrata]]
| Balaenoptera acutorostrata
| 60
| 
| [[File:Balaenoptera-acutorostrata.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Balaenoptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 250
| [[:d:Q27027|Q27027]]
| [[Phocoena phocoena]]
| Phocoena phocoena
| 60
| 
| [[File:Daan Close Up.PNG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Phocoena]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 251
| [[:d:Q191737|Q191737]]
| [[Speothos venaticus]]
| Speothos venaticus
| 59
| 
| [[File:Bush dog.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Speothos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 252
| [[:d:Q309274|Q309274]]
| [[Prionailurus rubiginosus]]
| Prionailurus rubiginosus
| 59
| 
| [[File:Rostkatze.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Prionailurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 253
| [[:d:Q188535|Q188535]]
| [[Panthera tigris virgata]]
| Panthera tigris virgata
| 59
| 
| [[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 254
| [[:d:Q192967|Q192967]]
| [[Panthera pardus orientalis]]
| Panthera pardus orientalis
| 59
| 
| [[File:Amur Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis Facing Forward 1761px.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[leopardo]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 255
| [[:d:Q237260|Q237260]]
| [[Ursus arctos middendorffi]]
| Ursus arctos middendorffi
| 59
| 
| [[File:2010-kodiak-bear-1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ursus arctos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 256
| [[:d:Q188957|Q188957]]
| [[Canis simensis]]
| Canis simensis
| 59
| 
| [[File:Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis citernii) 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 257
| [[:d:Q243339|Q243339]]
| [[Pteromys volans]]
| Pteromys volans
| 59
| 
| [[File:Lendorava pabulad.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pteromys]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 258
| [[:d:Q192272|Q192272]]
| [[Mammut]]
| Mammut
| 59
| 
| [[File:American mastodon with calf.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Mammutidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 259
| [[:d:Q205329|Q205329]]
| [[Inia geoffrensis]]
| Inia geoffrensis
| 59
| 
| [[File:Amazonas Flussdelfin Apure Orinoco Duisburg 01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Inia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 260
| [[:d:Q271459|Q271459]]
| [[Mustela sibirica]]
| Mustela sibirica
| 58
| 
| [[File:Mustela sibirica Russia5.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 261
| [[:d:Q70529|Q70529]]
| [[Vormela peregusna]]
| Vormela peregusna
| 58
| 
| [[File:Marbled Polecat, Suzakskiy, Kazakhstan 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vormela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 262
| [[:d:Q215250|Q215250]]
| [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]]
| Urocyon cinereoargenteus
| 58
| 
| [[File:Gray fox.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Urocyon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 263
| [[:d:Q14592562|Q14592562]]
| [[Bassaricyon neblina]]
| Bassaricyon neblina
| 58
| 
| [[File:Olinguito ZooKeys 324, solo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Bassaricyon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 264
| [[:d:Q237157|Q237157]]
| [[Platyrrhini]]
| Platyrrhini
| 58
| 
| [[File:BrownSpiderMonkey (edit2).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Simiiformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 265
| [[:d:Q258244|Q258244]]
| [[Ateles]]
| Ateles
| 58
| 
| [[File:Ateles fusciceps Colombia.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Atelinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 266
| [[:d:Q27016|Q27016]]
| [[Arvicola amphibius]]
| Arvicola amphibius
| 58
| 
| [[File:Water.vole.arp.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[homotypic synonym]]
| 
| [[Arvicola]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 267
| [[:d:Q658179|Q658179]]
| [[Oryx]]
| Oryx
| 58
| 
| [[File:Oryx gazella (Chudop).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hippotraginae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 268
| [[:d:Q193400|Q193400]]
| [[Tragelaphus eurycerus]]
| Tragelaphus eurycerus
| 58
| 
| [[File:Bongo Burger Zoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tragelaphus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 269
| [[:d:Q208140|Q208140]]
| [[Equus africanus]]
| Equus africanus
| 58
| 
| [[File:African wild Ass.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Equus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 270
| [[:d:Q273331|Q273331]]
| [[Orcaella brevirostris]]
| Orcaella brevirostris
| 58
| 
| [[File:Irrawaddy Dolphin.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Orcaella]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 271
| [[:d:Q203208|Q203208]]
| [[Phoca hispida]]
| Pusa hispida
| 57
| 
| [[File:Phoca hispida.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pusa]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 272
| [[:d:Q187484|Q187484]]
| [[Hydrodamalis gigas]]
| Hydrodamalis gigas
| 57
| 
| [[File:Hydrodamalis gigas skeleton - Finnish Museum of Natural History - DSC04529.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[extinct taxon]]
| 
| [[Hydrodamalis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 273
| [[:d:Q83774|Q83774]]
| [[Pteronura brasiliensis]]
| Pteronura brasiliensis
| 57
| 
| [[File:Giantotter.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pteronura]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 274
| [[:d:Q232129|Q232129]]
| [[Taxidea taxus]]
| Taxidea taxus
| 57
| 
| [[File:AmericanBadger.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Taxidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 275
| [[:d:Q200848|Q200848]]
| [[Panthera tigris amoyensis]]
| Panthera tigris amoyensis
| 57
| 
| [[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 276
| [[:d:Q208077|Q208077]]
| [[Cricetus cricetus]]
| Cricetus cricetus
| 57
| 
| [[File:Hamster.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cricetus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 277
| [[:d:Q328809|Q328809]]
| [[gnu blau]]
| Connochaetes taurinus
| 57
| 
| [[File:Blue Wildebeest, Ngorongoro.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[gnu]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 278
| [[:d:Q194080|Q194080]]
| [[Theropithecus gelada]]
| Theropithecus gelada
| 57
| 
| [[File:Southern gelada (Theropithecus gelada obscura) female with baby.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Theropithecus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 279
| [[:d:Q460977|Q460977]]
| [[Gazella subgutturosa]]
| Gazella subgutturosa
| 57
| 
| [[File:Female goitered gazelle, Shirvan National Park, Azerbaijan.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Gazella]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 280
| [[:d:Q506308|Q506308]]
| [[Rucervus duvaucelii]]
| Rucervus duvaucelii
| 57
| 
| [[File:Barasingha females.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Rucervus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 281
| [[:d:Q275615|Q275615]]
| [[Ourebia ourebi]]
| Ourebia ourebi
| 57
| 
| [[File:Sudan Oribi (Ourebia montana) female (18199933351).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ourebia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 282
| [[:d:Q599672|Q599672]]
| [[Pongo pygmaeus]]
| Pongo pygmaeus
| 57
| 
| [[File:Nanga with male baby.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[endemic species]]
| 
| [[Pongo (taxon)|Pongo]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 283
| [[:d:Q311212|Q311212]]
| [[Paraceratherium]]
| Paraceratherium
| 57
| 
| [[File:Indricotherium skeleton.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]&lt;br/&gt;[[taxon monotypic]]
| 
| [[Paraceratheriidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 284
| [[:d:Q203897|Q203897]]
| [[Grampus griseus]]
| Grampus griseus
| 57
| 
| [[File:Rundkopfdelfin.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Grampus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 285
| [[:d:Q1241332|Q1241332]]
| [[Pteropus]]
| Pteropus
| 56
| 
| [[File:Bristol.zoo.livfruitbat.arp.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pteropodidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 286
| [[:d:Q242419|Q242419]]
| [[numbat]]
| Myrmecobius fasciatus
| 56
| 
| [[File:Numbat.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Myrmecobius]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 287
| [[:d:Q193182|Q193182]]
| [[Tachyglossus aculeatus]]
| Tachyglossus aculeatus
| 56
| 
| [[File:Wild shortbeak echidna.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tachyglossus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 288
| [[:d:Q272933|Q272933]]
| [[Vulpes chama]]
| Vulpes chama
| 56
| 
| [[File:Vulpes chama (Etosha).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 289
| [[:d:Q319070|Q319070]]
| [[Vulpes ferrilata]]
| Vulpes ferrilata
| 56
| 
| [[File:Vulpes ferrilata.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 290
| [[:d:Q200442|Q200442]]
| [[Canis lupus rufus]]
| Canis lupus rufus
| 56
| 
| [[File:07-03-23RedWolfAlbanyGAChehaw.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[lupo gris]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 291
| [[:d:Q685772|Q685772]]
| [[Caviidae]]
| Caviidae
| 56
| 
| [[File:Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hystricognathi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Cavioidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 292
| [[:d:Q203868|Q203868]]
| [[Indri indri]]
| Indri indri
| 56
| 
| [[File:Indri indri 001.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Indri]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 293
| [[:d:Q192710|Q192710]]
| [[Tapirus indicus]]
| Tapirus indicus
| 56
| 
| [[File:Malayan Tapir.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tapirus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 294
| [[:d:Q301676|Q301676]]
| [[Macaca fascicularis]]
| Macaca fascicularis
| 56
| 
| [[File:Macaca fascicularis, Ubud Monkey Forest, Bali, 20220822 1053 0059.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macaca]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 295
| [[:d:Q234597|Q234597]]
| [[Tragelaphus spekii]]
| Tragelaphus spekii
| 56
| 
| [[File:Sitatunga (1).JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tragelaphus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 296
| [[:d:Q216263|Q216263]]
| [[Madoqua]]
| Madoqua
| 56
| 
| [[File:Dik-dik (male) -Tarangire National Park -Tanzania.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Neotragini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 297
| [[:d:Q218792|Q218792]]
| [[Pseudoryx nghetinhensis]]
| Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
| 56
| 
| [[File:Pseudoryx nghetinhensis.PNG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon monotypic]]
| 
| [[Pseudoryx]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 298
| [[:d:Q20962857|Q20962857]]
| [[Homo naledi]]
| Homo naledi
| 56
| 
| [[File:Homo naledi skeletal specimens.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 299
| [[:d:Q210358|Q210358]]
| [[Vespertilionidae]]
| Vespertilionidae
| 55
| 
| [[File:Abendsegler-drawing.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Microchiroptera]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Vespertilionoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 300
| [[:d:Q9324400|Q9324400]]
| [[Macroscelididae]]
| Macroscelididae
| 55
| 
| [[File:Elephantulus rupestris 57766063.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macroscelidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 301
| [[:d:Q4535|Q4535]]
| [[Pusa sibirica]]
| Pusa sibirica
| 55
| 
| [[File:Из жизни байкальской нерпы близ Ушканьих островов 02.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pusa]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 302
| [[:d:Q244277|Q244277]]
| [[Aonyx cinerea]]
| Aonyx cinerea
| 55
| 
| [[File:Small-clawed otter from Western Ghats.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Aonyx]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 303
| [[:d:Q373558|Q373558]]
| [[Lycalopex culpaeus]]
| Lycalopex culpaeus
| 55
| 
| [[File:Culpeo MC.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lycalopex]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 304
| [[:d:Q200381|Q200381]]
| [[Panthera tigris sondaica]]
| Panthera tigris sondaica
| 55
| 
| [[File:Panthera tigris sondaica 01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[extinct taxon]]
| 
| [[tigre]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 305
| [[:d:Q206930|Q206930]]
| [[Catarrhini]]
| Catarrhini
| 55
| 
| [[File:Petit-cercopithecus-hamlyni.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Simiiformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 306
| [[:d:Q81063|Q81063]]
| [[Lepus americanus]]
| Lepus americanus
| 55
| 
| [[File:Lepus americanus 5459 cropped.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Poecilolagus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 307
| [[:d:Q216580|Q216580]]
| [[bank vole]]
| Myodes glareolus
| 55
| 
| [[File:BankVole.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[red-backed vole]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 308
| [[:d:Q209516|Q209516]]
| [[Micromys minutus]]
| Micromys minutus
| 55
| 
| [[File:Micromys minutus - British Wildlife Centre.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[animal]]
| 
| [[Micromys]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 309
| [[:d:Q272293|Q272293]]
| [[Pantholops hodgsonii]]
| Pantholops hodgsonii
| 55
| 
| [[File:Atilope du Tibet.png|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pantholops]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 310
| [[:d:Q237267|Q237267]]
| [[Kobus kob]]
| Kobus kob
| 55
| 
| [[File:Ugandan kob (Kobus kob thomasi) male.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Kobus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 311
| [[:d:Q239381|Q239381]]
| [[Hippotragus niger]]
| Hippotragus niger
| 55
| 
| [[File:Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) adult male.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hippotragus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 312
| [[:d:Q243727|Q243727]]
| [[Microtus arvalis]]
| Microtus arvalis
| 55
| 
| [[File:Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Microtus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 313
| [[:d:Q322141|Q322141]]
| [[Ammotragus lervia]]
| Ammotragus lervia
| 55
| 
| [[File:Two Barbary sheep.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ammotragus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 314
| [[:d:Q107685|Q107685]]
| [[Australopithecus afarensis]]
| Australopithecus afarensis
| 55
| 
| [[File:Lucy Mexico.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| [[early human migrations]]
| [[Australopithecus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 315
| [[:d:Q533451|Q533451]]
| [[Muntiacus muntjak]]
| Muntiacus muntjak
| 55
| 
| [[File:Muntiacus muntjak 34068208 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Muntiacus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 316
| [[:d:Q192573|Q192573]]
| [[Hydropotes inermis]]
| Hydropotes inermis
| 55
| 
| [[File:Shammy.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hydropotes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 317
| [[:d:Q310846|Q310846]]
| [[Homo antecessor]]
| Homo antecessor
| 55
| 
| [[File:Homo antecessor.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| [[Hominini]]
| [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Homo erectus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 318
| [[:d:Q190508|Q190508]]
| [[Moschus moschiferus]]
| Moschus moschiferus
| 55
| 
| [[File:Moschus moschiferus in Plzen zoo (12.02.2011).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Moschus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 319
| [[:d:Q649306|Q649306]]
| [[Herpestes ichneumon]]
| Herpestes ichneumon
| 54
| 
| [[File:Herpestes ichneumon Египетский мангуст, или фараонова крыса, или ихневмо́н.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Herpestes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 320
| [[:d:Q215343|Q215343]]
| [[Mirounga leonina]]
| Mirounga leonina
| 54
| 
| [[File:0046 Tiere der Antarktis.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mirounga]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 321
| [[:d:Q217291|Q217291]]
| [[Vulpes cana]]
| Vulpes cana
| 54
| 
| [[File:Blandford's fox 1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 322
| [[:d:Q269871|Q269871]]
| [[Neofelis]]
| Neofelis
| 54
| 
| [[File:Neofelis nebulosa.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pantherinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 323
| [[:d:Q205935|Q205935]]
| [[Dusicyon australis]]
| Dusicyon australis
| 54
| 
| [[File:Falkland Island wolf, Dusicyon australis OMNZVT2369 !1pub (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[extinct taxon]]
| 
| [[Dusicyon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 324
| [[:d:Q321376|Q321376]]
| [[Cerdocyon thous]]
| Cerdocyon thous
| 54
| 
| [[File:Cerdocyon thous MG 9503.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cerdocyon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 325
| [[:d:Q274177|Q274177]]
| [[Prionailurus planiceps]]
| Prionailurus planiceps
| 54
| 
| [[File:Flat-headed cat 1 Jim Sanderson 2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Prionailurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 326
| [[:d:Q215836|Q215836]]
| [[Panthera tigris jacksoni]]
| Panthera tigris jacksoni
| 54
| 
| [[File:MalayanTiger.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[tigre]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainland Asian tiger]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 327
| [[:d:Q496689|Q496689]]
| [[Aenocyon dirus]]
| Aenocyon dirus
| 54
| 
| [[File:Canis dirus Skeleton.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Aenocyon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 328
| [[:d:Q23340|Q23340]]
| [[Tenrecidae]]
| Tenrecidae
| 54
| 
| [[File:Gewone tenrek 5.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tenrecomorpha]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 329
| [[:d:Q369889|Q369889]]
| [[Suncus etruscus]]
| Suncus etruscus
| 54
| 
| [[File:Suncus etruscus crop.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Suncus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 330
| [[:d:Q323847|Q323847]]
| [[Procavia capensis]]
| Procavia capensis
| 54
| 
| [[File:Cape Dassie.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Procavia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 331
| [[:d:Q244770|Q244770]]
| [[Gerbillinae]]
| Gerbillinae
| 54
| 
| [[File:Chibita gerbil 2002 10 04.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Murides]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 332
| [[:d:Q60205|Q60205]]
| [[Tarsius]]
| Tarsius
| 54
| 
| [[File:Tarsius spectrumgurskyae.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tarsiidae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 333
| [[:d:Q237286|Q237286]]
| [[Oryx leucoryx]]
| Oryx leucoryx
| 54
| 
| [[File:Oryx.jpeg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Oryx]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 334
| [[:d:Q471785|Q471785]]
| [[Hippotragus equinus]]
| Hippotragus equinus
| 54
| 
| [[File:Hippotragus equinus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hippotragus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 335
| [[:d:Q207906|Q207906]]
| [[Elaphurus davidianus]]
| Elaphurus davidianus
| 54
| 
| [[File:Elaphurus davidianus - 01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Elaphurus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 336
| [[:d:Q273580|Q273580]]
| [[Tetracerus quadricornis]]
| Tetracerus quadricornis
| 54
| 
| [[File:Four-horned Antelope.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tetracerus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 337
| [[:d:Q233608|Q233608]]
| [[Equus ferus ferus]]
| Equus ferus ferus
| 54
| 
| [[File:Kherson tarpan.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[extinct taxon]]
| 
| [[Equus ferus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 338
| [[:d:Q782603|Q782603]]
| [[Balaenidae]]
| Balaenidae
| 54
| 
| [[File:Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Cetacea]]
| [[Balaenoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 339
| [[:d:Q40261|Q40261]]
| [[Trichechus manatus]]
| Trichechus manatus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Manatee with calf.PD - colour corrected.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Trichechus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 340
| [[:d:Q446882|Q446882]]
| [[Lutra]]
| Lutra
| 53
| 
| [[File:Fischotter Lutra lutra1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lutrinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 341
| [[:d:Q210708|Q210708]]
| [[Plecotus auritus]]
| Plecotus auritus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Plecotus auritus 2013-2 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Plecotus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 342
| [[:d:Q209324|Q209324]]
| [[Pagophilus groenlandicus]]
| Pagophilus groenlandicus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), Greenland Sea IMG 5006.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pagophilus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 343
| [[:d:Q513081|Q513081]]
| [[civetta de palma african]]
| Nandinia binotata
| 53
| specie de mammifero carnivore
| [[File:Nandinia binotata, Manchester Museum.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Nandinia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 344
| [[:d:Q220248|Q220248]]
| [[Martes flavigula]]
| Martes flavigula
| 53
| 
| [[File:Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Martes]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Charronia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 345
| [[:d:Q584064|Q584064]]
| [[Martes pennanti]]
| Martes pennanti
| 53
| 
| [[File:Fisher (animal).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Martes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 346
| [[:d:Q295994|Q295994]]
| [[Vulpes rueppellii]]
| Vulpes rueppellii
| 53
| 
| [[File:Rüppell's fox.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 347
| [[:d:Q176901|Q176901]]
| [[Pipistrellus pipistrellus]]
| Pipistrellus pipistrellus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Pipistrellus pipistrellus lateral.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pipistrellus (Pipistrellus)]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 348
| [[:d:Q37212|Q37212]]
| [[Lemuriformes]]
| Lemuriformes
| 53
| 
| [[File:Indri Indri.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Strepsirrhini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 349
| [[:d:Q748185|Q748185]]
| [[Lepus capensis]]
| Lepus capensis
| 53
| 
| [[File:Cape Hare, near Prince Albert, Western Cape, South Africa - panoramio.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lepus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 350
| [[:d:Q1114471|Q1114471]]
| [[Tarsiidae]]
| Tarsiidae
| 53
| 
| [[File:Tarsier Hugs Mossy Branch.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tarsiiformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 351
| [[:d:Q286088|Q286088]]
| [[Cavia]]
| Cavia
| 53
| 
| [[File:Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Caviinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 352
| [[:d:Q204175|Q204175]]
| [[Mesocricetus auratus]]
| Mesocricetus auratus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Golden hamster front 1.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Cricetinae]]
| [[Mesocricetus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 353
| [[:d:Q329187|Q329187]]
| [[Tamias sibiricus]]
| Tamias sibiricus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Streifenhoernchen.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[invasive species]]
| 
| [[Eutamias]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 354
| [[:d:Q751636|Q751636]]
| [[Papio cynocephalus]]
| Papio cynocephalus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Amboseli National Park, Kenya (53470637505).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Papio]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 355
| [[:d:Q221434|Q221434]]
| [[Mandrillus leucophaeus]]
| Mandrillus leucophaeus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Drill Lincolnparkzoo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mandrillus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 356
| [[:d:Q494436|Q494436]]
| [[Naemorhedus goral]]
| Naemorhedus goral
| 53
| 
| [[File:The Himalayan Ghoral.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Naemorhedus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 357
| [[:d:Q372169|Q372169]]
| [[Axis porcinus]]
| Axis porcinus
| 53
| 
| [[File:Axis porcinus - Flickr - Lip Kee (1).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hyelaphus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 358
| [[:d:Q232558|Q232558]]
| [[Babyrousa]]
| Babyrousa
| 53
| 
| [[File:Hirscheber1a.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Babyrousini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 359
| [[:d:Q221056|Q221056]]
| [[Balaenoptera brydei]]
| Balaenoptera brydei
| 53
| 
| [[File:Balaenoptera brydei.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Balaenoptera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 360
| [[:d:Q215332|Q215332]]
| [[Stenella coeruleoalba]]
| Stenella coeruleoalba
| 53
| 
| [[File:Stenella coeruleoalba.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Stenella]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 361
| [[:d:Q193683|Q193683]]
| [[Eubalaena glacialis]]
| Eubalaena glacialis
| 53
| 
| [[File:Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eubalaena]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 362
| [[:d:Q737413|Q737413]]
| [[Rhinolophus ferrumequinum]]
| Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
| 52
| 
| [[File:Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) Hrdovicka.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Rhinolophus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 363
| [[:d:Q626023|Q626023]]
| [[Mirounga angustirostris]]
| Mirounga angustirostris
| 52
| 
| [[File:Elephant seals fighting.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mirounga]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 364
| [[:d:Q42592|Q42592]]
| [[Prionailurus]]
| Prionailurus
| 52
| 
| [[File:Bengalkatze.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[felinos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 365
| [[:d:Q270748|Q270748]]
| [[Puma]]
| Puma
| 52
| 
| [[File:Puma - 49044464307.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[felinos]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 366
| [[:d:Q275163|Q275163]]
| [[Neofelis diardi]]
| Neofelis diardi
| 52
| 
| [[File:Borneo clouded leopard.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Neofelis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 367
| [[:d:Q1383362|Q1383362]]
| [[tigon]]
| Panthera tigris × Panthera leo
| 52
| 
| [[File:Tigon tiger x lion hybrid by artbyjrc df4918k.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[hybrid]]
| [[Panthera hybrid]]
| [[Panthera]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 368
| [[:d:Q221094|Q221094]]
| [[leon berbere]]
| Panthera leo leo
| 52
| 
| [[File:Barbary lion.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[population]]
| 
| [[leon]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 369
| [[:d:Q368623|Q368623]]
| [[Lorisidae]]
| Lorisidae
| 52
| 
| [[File:Loris tardigradus tardigradus 001.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lorisiformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 370
| [[:d:Q271785|Q271785]]
| [[Cheirogaleidae]]
| Cheirogaleidae
| 52
| 
| [[File:Microcebus myoxinus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cheirogaleoidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 371
| [[:d:Q752467|Q752467]]
| [[Manis crassicaudata]]
| Manis crassicaudata
| 52
| 
| [[File:IndianPangolin.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Manis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 372
| [[:d:Q269728|Q269728]]
| [[Manis javanica]]
| Manis javanica
| 52
| 
| [[File:Pangolin borneo.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Paramanis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 373
| [[:d:Q273565|Q273565]]
| [[Kobus leche]]
| Kobus leche
| 52
| 
| [[File:Leaping Lechwe.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Kobus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 374
| [[:d:Q369817|Q369817]]
| [[Oryx dammah]]
| Oryx dammah
| 52
| 
| [[File:Oryx Dammah.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Oryx]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 375
| [[:d:Q216871|Q216871]]
| [[Apodemus flavicollis]]
| Apodemus flavicollis
| 52
| 
| [[File:Apodemus.flavicollis.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Apodemus]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Sylvaemus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 376
| [[:d:Q271705|Q271705]]
| [[Eudorcas thomsonii]]
| Eudorcas thomsonii
| 52
| 
| [[File:Eudorcas thomsonii 313407401 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eudorcas]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 377
| [[:d:Q312054|Q312054]]
| [[Megaloceros giganteus]]
| Megaloceros giganteus
| 52
| 
| [[File:Megaloceros 1856.png|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Megaloceros]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 378
| [[:d:Q543424|Q543424]]
| [[Pongo abelii]]
| Pongo abelii
| 52
| 
| [[File:Orangutan 103.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[endemic species]]
| 
| [[Pongo (taxon)|Pongo]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 379
| [[:d:Q208132|Q208132]]
| [[Pseudorca crassidens]]
| Pseudorca crassidens
| 52
| 
| [[File:False killer whale 890002.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pseudorca]]
| [[Blackfish]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 380
| [[:d:Q244410|Q244410]]
| [[Eubalaena australis]]
| Eubalaena australis
| 52
| 
| [[File:Southern right whale6.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eubalaena]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 381
| [[:d:Q244587|Q244587]]
| [[Peramelemorphia]]
| Peramelemorphia
| 51
| 
| [[File:Taxidermied Bandicoot.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Australidelphia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mammiferos]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Agreodontia]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 382
| [[:d:Q206538|Q206538]]
| [[Myrmecophagidae]]
| Myrmecophagidae
| 51
| 
| [[File:Myresluger2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vermilingua]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 383
| [[:d:Q613760|Q613760]]
| [[Herpestes edwardsi]]
| Herpestes edwardsi
| 51
| 
| [[File:Herpestes edwardsii at Hyderaba.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Herpestes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 384
| [[:d:Q322145|Q322145]]
| [[Martes americana]]
| Martes americana
| 51
| 
| [[File:Marten bounding through the snow (512488bd-68e6-4b67-8e14-95657c022029).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Martes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 385
| [[:d:Q734351|Q734351]]
| [[Viverricula indica]]
| Viverricula indica
| 51
| 
| [[File:Small Indian Civet (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Viverricula]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 386
| [[:d:Q216441|Q216441]]
| [[Canis lupus arctos]]
| Canis lupus arctos
| 51
| 
| [[File:Arctic Wolf in Aulavik National Park 04 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[lupo gris]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 387
| [[:d:Q23351|Q23351]]
| [[Chrysochloridae]]
| Chrysochloridae
| 51
| 
| [[File:NHM Chrysospalax trevelyani (cropped).JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Chrysochloridea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 388
| [[:d:Q58949|Q58949]]
| [[Muroidea]]
| Muroidea
| 51
| 
| [[File:Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Rodentia]]
| [[Myomorpha]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 389
| [[:d:Q1192405|Q1192405]]
| [[Lemuroidea]]
| Lemuroidea
| 51
| 
| [[File:Indri Indri.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lemuriformes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 390
| [[:d:Q244372|Q244372]]
| [[Sorex minutus]]
| Sorex minutus
| 51
| 
| [[File:Sorex minutus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Sorex]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 391
| [[:d:Q842283|Q842283]]
| [[Manis pentadactyla]]
| Manis pentadactyla
| 51
| 
| [[File:Manis pentadactyla (29054818144).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Manis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 392
| [[:d:Q504247|Q504247]]
| [[Alouatta]]
| Alouatta
| 51
| 
| [[File:Mantled howler monkey and baby (81337)2.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Alouattinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 393
| [[:d:Q339418|Q339418]]
| [[Rattus exulans]]
| Rattus exulans
| 51
| 
| [[File:Pacific rat.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ratto]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 394
| [[:d:Q220271|Q220271]]
| [[Tapirus terrestris]]
| Tapirus terrestris
| 51
| 
| [[File:Brazilian tapir zoo.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tapirus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 395
| [[:d:Q208043|Q208043]]
| [[Hylobates lar]]
| Hylobates lar
| 51
| 
| [[File:Hylobates lar - Kaeng Krachan WB.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Hylobates]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 396
| [[:d:Q465019|Q465019]]
| [[Pseudois nayaur]]
| Pseudois nayaur
| 51
| 
| [[File:Bharal - Shreeram M V - Kibber, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Pseudois]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 397
| [[:d:Q111463|Q111463]]
| [[Paranthropus]]
| Paranthropus
| 51
| 
| [[File:Paranthropus-boisei-Nairobi.JPG|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Australopithecinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 398
| [[:d:Q189466|Q189466]]
| [[Ovis canadensis]]
| Ovis canadensis
| 51
| 
| [[File:Big Horn Sheep.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ovis]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 399
| [[:d:Q239272|Q239272]]
| [[Australopithecus africanus]]
| Australopithecus africanus
| 51
| 
| [[File:Mrs Ples Face.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Australopithecus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 400
| [[:d:Q328516|Q328516]]
| [[Capra nubiana]]
| Capra nubiana
| 51
| 
| [[File:Israel. Nubian ibex (15625972648).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Capra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 401
| [[:d:Q754947|Q754947]]
| [[Capra sibirica]]
| Capra sibirica
| 51
| 
| [[File:Siberian Ibex.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Capra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 402
| [[:d:Q501491|Q501491]]
| [[Capreolus pygargus]]
| Capreolus pygargus
| 51
| 
| [[File:Siberian roe deer.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Capreolus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 403
| [[:d:Q3645260|Q3645260]]
| [[Phacochoerus]]
| Phacochoerus
| 51
| 
| [[File:Desert Warthog, Samburu, Kenya 04.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Phacochoerini]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 404
| [[:d:Q498993|Q498993]]
| [[Erinaceus]]
| Erinaceus
| 50
| 
| [[File:Erinaceus europeaus (DarkAn9el).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Erinaceinae]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 405
| [[:d:Q214287|Q214287]]
| [[Cystophora cristata]]
| Cystophora cristata
| 50
| 
| [[File:2016-klappmützemuseumkoenig.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Cystophora]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 406
| [[:d:Q434197|Q434197]]
| [[Mustela altaica]]
| Mustela altaica
| 50
| 
| [[File:Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Mustela]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 407
| [[:d:Q757265|Q757265]]
| [[Viverra zibetha]]
| Viverra zibetha
| 50
| 
| [[File:Large Indian Civet, Viverra zibetha in Kaeng Krachan national park.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Viverra]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 408
| [[:d:Q214869|Q214869]]
| [[Eptesicus serotinus]]
| Eptesicus serotinus
| 50
| 
| [[File:Eptesicus serotinus.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eptesicus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 409
| [[:d:Q626049|Q626049]]
| [[Paguma larvata]]
| Paguma larvata
| 50
| 
| [[File:202309 Masked palm civet.svg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Paguma]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 410
| [[:d:Q270098|Q270098]]
| [[Macropus giganteus]]
| Macropus giganteus
| 50
| 
| [[File:Eastern grey kangaroo dec07 02.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macropus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 411
| [[:d:Q745751|Q745751]]
| [[Vulpes macrotis]]
| Vulpes macrotis
| 50
| 
| [[File:San Joaquin kit fox male.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Vulpes]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 412
| [[:d:Q148462|Q148462]]
| [[Nasua nasua]]
| Nasua nasua
| 50
| 
| [[File:N. nasua, Duisburg (DE) -- 2023 -- 0219.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Nasua]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 413
| [[:d:Q832036|Q832036]]
| [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]]
| Lycalopex gymnocercus
| 50
| specie de mammal
| [[File:Leão baio.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Lycalopex]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 414
| [[:d:Q175626|Q175626]]
| [[Indridae]]
| Indriidae
| 50
| 
| [[File:Indri Indri.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[primate]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lemuroidea]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 415
| [[:d:Q465986|Q465986]]
| [[Neomys fodiens]]
| Neomys fodiens
| 50
| 
| [[File:Neomys fodiens TF 090829.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Neomys]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 416
| [[:d:Q465786|Q465786]]
| [[Eliomys quercinus]]
| Eliomys quercinus
| 50
| 
| [[File:Eliomys quercinus01.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Eliomys]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 417
| [[:d:Q244361|Q244361]]
| [[Callithrix pygmaea]]
| Callithrix pygmaea
| 50
| 
| [[File:Dværgsilkeabe Callithrix pygmaea.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Callithrix]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Cebuella]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 418
| [[:d:Q276290|Q276290]]
| [[Heterocephalus glaber]]
| Heterocephalus glaber
| 50
| 
| [[File:Nacktmull.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Heterocephalus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 419
| [[:d:Q223960|Q223960]]
| [[Tapirus pinchaque]]
| Tapirus pinchaque
| 50
| 
| [[File:Mountain Tapir.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tapirus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 420
| [[:d:Q506518|Q506518]]
| [[Macaca silenus]]
| Macaca silenus
| 50
| 
| [[File:Lion Tailed Macaque aggression.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Macaca]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 421
| [[:d:Q239032|Q239032]]
| [[Tragelaphus angasii]]
| Tragelaphus angasii
| 50
| 
| [[File:Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) female.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Tragelaphus]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Nyala]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 422
| [[:d:Q106565|Q106565]]
| [[Ardipithecus]]
| Ardipithecus
| 50
| 
| [[File:Ardi.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon fossile]]
| 
| [[Preanthropinae]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Australopithecine]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 423
| [[:d:Q221380|Q221380]]
| [[Equus kiang]]
| Equus kiang
| 50
| 
| [[File:Equus kiang holdereri02.jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Equus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 424
| [[:d:Q591305|Q591305]]
| [[Elephas maximus indicus]]
| Elephas maximus indicus
| 50
| 
| [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| [[Elephas maximus]]
| [[Elephas maximus]]
| 
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 425
| [[:d:Q623173|Q623173]]
| [[Ziphius cavirostris]]
| Ziphius cavirostris
| 50
| 
| [[File:Ziphius cavirostris 47619123 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]]
| [[taxon]]
| 
| [[Ziphius]]
| 
|}
----
&amp;sum; 425 items.
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vera Rockline</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Vera Rockline The Card Players.jpg]] → [[File:Vera Rockline Card players 1919.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Vera Rockline Card players 1919.jpg]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="4744" sha1="hdyf1hk9565ks0ua1jts9rczf2w9zm6" xml:space="preserve">'''Vera Rockline''' (nascet ''Schlesinger'', Вера Николаевна Рохлина, Vera Nikolaïevna Rokhlina, 1896 — 4 de abril, 1934, Paris) — fue un artista russo-francese del [[Paris School]], grafico, autora de articulos super arte. 

== Biografia ==
Ella nacete in [[Moscova]] de Nikolai Schlesinger e de la francese Jeanne Malebranche. Ella studiava in le studio de pintura e desenho de [[Ilya Mashkov]] in via Myasnitskaya. Ella studiava le obras e methodes de altri maestros del [[Jack of Diamonds]] - [[Pyotr Konchalovsky]], [[Aristarkh Lentulov]], [[Alexander Kuprin]]. In 1918, connectet cu le relocation a [[Kiovia]], illa continuava su studios in le studio de [[Alexandra Exter]], cognominate &quot;Amazon del avant-garde&quot;, cu le quales studentos tamben includeva [[Alexander Tyshler]] e [[Pavel Chelishchev]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.papillongallery.com/vera_rockline.html|title=Vera Rockline|website=www.papillongallery.com|access-date=2017-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1918, Vera maritava le filio de un advocat de Tiflis, Zakhariy Yakovlevich Rokhlin - Sergei Rokhlin (Serge Rockline), qui postea deveniva un philateliste famose, possessore del casa de comercio philatelic parigine &quot;Maison Romeko Paris&quot;, e qui in 1919-1920 habitava in Tiflis (nunc Tbilisi, Georgia). 

In le primavera de 1919, escondente durante tres dies in le hold de un vapour traversante le Mar Negro, illa prima arrivava a Constantinople e de la a Francia, e se stabiliva in le casa familiar in Burgundy in Resse-sur-Ours, ubi su matre esseva originari.

In 1921, ella se trasladava a [[Paris]] e comenciava a viver in [[Montparnasse]], ubi a iste tempore esset un grande communitate russe, cu quale l'artista interagia prope. De 1922, ella exhibiva su obras al &quot;Salon d'Automne&quot;, &quot;Salon des Indépendants&quot; e &quot;Salon des Tuileries&quot; sub le nomine Vera Rockline. Su obras esseva succedite, e critics e le pressa comenciava a parlar del artista. In 1925, le galeria &quot;Charles Vildrac&quot; e in 1934, le galeria &quot;Barreiro&quot; presentava exposiciones personales del artista. Ella esset cognoscite con [[Zinaida Serebryakova]], qui anque viveva in Paris, e pictava su portrait. Desde 1933, ella esseva un socio del section artistica del Union de Laboratores d'Art russe in Francia. Ella gaudeva del supporto del couturier e collectore Paul Poiret, qui scribeva le introduction del catalogo de su prime exposicion personal (1924), in le qual, specialmente, ille scribeva: &quot;Io ama le pintura de Vera Rokhlina. Io me doler pro illes qui non lo ama.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://new.liveauctioneers.com/item/5816977|title=1001: Vera ROCKLINE (1896-1934) Nu au béret rouge à sa: Lot 1001|website=LiveAuctioneers|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Creativitate == 
Ella pintava multe nude, paisages, portraits e naturals mortes de flores. In su obra, ella passava per un passione pro impressionismo e cubismo, developpante su proprie estilo in le annos 1930, in le qual, secundo le autoritative revista de arte L`Art et les Artistes, &quot;un equilibrio artistic inter Courbet e Renoir esseva attingite.&quot; In le mesmo tempore, le proximitate de le nudes de Rokhlina al obras de Zinaida Serebryakova, con qui ella comunicava intime in Paris, es impressionante. Le giornalista, scrittor, critico de arte, e curatore del Musée du Petit Palais Raymond Escolier adjectivava le serie de imagines nude feminine de Rokhlina como &quot;un symphonia de carne.&quot; Nudes feminine deveniva le tema principal de le opere de Rokhlina, despite que ella etiam pictava portrettos, landscapes e nature mortes con flores. 

== Morte ==
Vera Rokhlina se suicidava a 38 annos. Un obituario in le revista &quot;Russian Thought&quot; esseva scribite per [[Alexandre Benois]], qui recognoscite su extraordinari talento. In le catalogo del Autumn Salon, le critico Leblong scribeva que &quot;le morte premature del artista esseva un de le plus grande perdas in le scena de arte parisian in annos recent.

== Galeria ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Vera Rockline Card players 1919.jpg|''The Card Players'' (1919)
File:Rockline Nu assis avec miroir 1920.jpg|''Nude with red beret at her toilet'' (1920)
File:Rockline jeune-femme-a-leventail-bleu-1919.jpg|''Portrait of a young woman with blue fan'' (1919)
File:Roclline Autoportrait 1922.jpg|''Self-Portrait'' (1922)
File:Rockline nude-in-blue-interior-1919-1921.jpg|''Nude with blue interior'' (1919–1921)&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References and sources==
;References
{{reflist|30em}}
;Sources

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rockline, Vera}}
[[Categoria:Artistas]]
[[Categoria:Pictores]]
[[Categoria:Gente ashkenazi]]
[[Categoria:Gente judee]]
[[Categoria:Arte]]
[[Categoria:Gente francese]]
[[Categoria:Pictores francese]]
[[Categoria:Gente russe]]
[[Categoria:Pictores russe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4756" sha1="heh3z0gsic0rcg7vtkjburlu6wbh6y7" xml:space="preserve">'''Vera Rockline''' (nascet ''Schlesinger'', Вера Николаевна Рохлина, Vera Nikolaïevna Rokhlina, 1896 — 4 de abril, 1934, Paris) — fue un artista russo-francese del [[Paris School]], grafico, autora de articulos super arte. 

== Biografia ==
Ella nacete in [[Moscova]] de Nikolai Schlesinger e de la francese Jeanne Malebranche. Ella studiava in le studio de pintura e desenho de [[Ilya Mashkov]] in via Myasnitskaya. Ella studiava le obras e methodes de altri maestros del [[Jack of Diamonds]] - [[Pyotr Konchalovsky]], [[Aristarkh Lentulov]], [[Alexander Kuprin]]. In 1918, connectet cu le relocation a [[Kiovia]], illa continuava su studios in le studio de [[Alexandra Exter]], cognominate &quot;Amazon del avant-garde&quot;, cu le quales studentos tamben includeva [[Alexander Tyshler]] e [[Pavel Chelishchev]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.papillongallery.com/vera_rockline.html|title=Vera Rockline|website=www.papillongallery.com|access-date=2017-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1918, Vera maritava le filio de un advocat de Tiflis, Zakhariy Yakovlevich Rokhlin - Sergei Rokhlin (Serge Rockline), qui postea deveniva un philateliste famose, possessore del casa de comercio philatelic parigine &quot;Maison Romeko Paris&quot;, e qui in 1919-1920 habitava in Tiflis (nunc Tbilisi, Georgia). 

In le primavera de 1919, escondente durante tres dies in le hold de un vapour traversante le Mar Negro, illa prima arrivava a Constantinople e de la a Francia, e se stabiliva in le casa familiar in Burgundy in Resse-sur-Ours, ubi su matre esseva originari.

In 1921, ella se trasladava a [[Paris]] e comenciava a viver in [[Montparnasse]], ubi a iste tempore esset un grande communitate russe, cu quale l'artista interagia prope. De 1922, ella exhibiva su obras al &quot;Salon d'Automne&quot;, &quot;Salon des Indépendants&quot; e &quot;Salon des Tuileries&quot; sub le nomine Vera Rockline. Su obras esseva succedite, e critics e le pressa comenciava a parlar del artista. In 1925, le galeria &quot;Charles Vildrac&quot; e in 1934, le galeria &quot;Barreiro&quot; presentava exposiciones personales del artista. Ella esset cognoscite con [[Zinaida Serebryakova]], qui anque viveva in Paris, e pictava su portrait. Desde 1933, ella esseva un socio del section artistica del Union de Laboratores d'Art russe in Francia. Ella gaudeva del supporto del couturier e collectore Paul Poiret, qui scribeva le introduction del catalogo de su prime exposicion personal (1924), in le qual, specialmente, ille scribeva: &quot;Io ama le pintura de Vera Rokhlina. Io me doler pro illes qui non lo ama.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://new.liveauctioneers.com/item/5816977|title=1001: Vera ROCKLINE (1896-1934) Nu au béret rouge à sa: Lot 1001|website=LiveAuctioneers|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Creativitate == 
Ella pintava multe nude, paisages, portraits e naturals mortes de flores. In su obra, ella passava per un passione pro impressionismo e cubismo, developpante su proprie estilo in le annos 1930, in le qual, secundo le autoritative revista de arte L`Art et les Artistes, &quot;un equilibrio artistic inter Courbet e Renoir esseva attingite.&quot; In le mesmo tempore, le proximitate de le nudes de Rokhlina al obras de Zinaida Serebryakova, con qui ella comunicava intime in Paris, es impressionante. Le giornalista, scrittor, critico de arte, e curatore del Musée du Petit Palais Raymond Escolier adjectivava le serie de imagines nude feminine de Rokhlina como &quot;un symphonia de carne.&quot; Nudes feminine deveniva le tema principal de le opere de Rokhlina, despite que ella etiam pictava portrettos, landscapes e nature mortes con flores. 

== Morte ==
Vera Rokhlina se suicidava a 38 annos. Un obituario in le revista &quot;Russian Thought&quot; esseva scribite per [[Alexandre Benois]], qui recognoscite su extraordinari talento. In le catalogo del Autumn Salon, le critico Leblong scribeva que &quot;le morte premature del artista esseva un de le plus grande perdas in le scena de arte parisian in annos recent.

== Galeria ==
&lt;gallery mode=packed&gt;
File:Vera Rockline Card players 1919.jpg|''The Card Players'' (1919)
File:Rockline Nu assis avec miroir 1920.jpg|''Nude with red beret at her toilet'' (1920)
File:Rockline jeune-femme-a-leventail-bleu-1919.jpg|''Portrait of a young woman with blue fan'' (1919)
File:Roclline Autoportrait 1922.jpg|''Self-Portrait'' (1922)
File:Rockline nude-in-blue-interior-1919-1921.jpg|''Nude with blue interior'' (1919–1921)&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References and sources==
;References
{{reflist|30em}}
;Sources

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rockline, Vera}}
[[Categoria:Artistas]]
[[Categoria:Pictores]]
[[Categoria:Gente ashkenazi]]
[[Categoria:Gente judee]]
[[Categoria:Arte]]
[[Categoria:Gente francese]]
[[Categoria:Pictores francese]]
[[Categoria:Gente russe]]
[[Categoria:Pictores russe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4751" sha1="nz4rl30lx3x5pfan1amicp0bn8olcm3" xml:space="preserve">'''Vera Rockline''' (nascet ''Schlesinger'', Вера Николаевна Рохлина, Vera Nikolaïevna Rokhlina, 1896 — 4 de abril, 1934, Paris) — fue un artista russo-francese del [[Paris School]], grafico, autora de articulos super arte. 

== Biografia ==
Ella nacete in [[Moscova]] de Nikolai Schlesinger e de la francese Jeanne Malebranche. Ella studiava in le studio de pintura e desenho de [[Ilya Mashkov]] in via Myasnitskaya. Ella studiava le obras e methodes de altri maestros del [[Jack of Diamonds]] - [[Pyotr Konchalovsky]], [[Aristarkh Lentulov]], [[Alexander Kuprin]]. In 1918, connectet cu le relocation a [[Kiovia]], illa continuava su studios in le studio de [[Alexandra Exter]], cognominate &quot;Amazon del avant-garde&quot;, cu le quales studentos tamben includeva [[Alexander Tyshler]] e [[Pavel Chelishchev]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.papillongallery.com/vera_rockline.html|title=Vera Rockline|website=www.papillongallery.com|access-date=2017-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 1918, Vera maritava le filio de un advocat de Tiflis, Zakhariy Yakovlevich Rokhlin - Sergei Rokhlin (Serge Rockline), qui postea deveniva un philateliste famose, possessore del casa de comercio philatelic parigine &quot;Maison Romeko Paris&quot;, e qui in 1919-1920 habitava in Tiflis (nunc Tbilisi, Georgia). 

In le primavera de 1919, escondente durante tres dies in le hold de un vapour traversante le Mar Negro, illa prima arrivava a Constantinople e de la a Francia, e se stabiliva in le casa familiar in Burgundy in Resse-sur-Ours, ubi su matre esseva originari.

In 1921, ella se trasladava a [[Paris]] e comenciava a viver in [[Montparnasse]], ubi a iste tempore esset un grande communitate russe, cu quale l'artista interagia prope. De 1922, ella exhibiva su obras al &quot;Salon d'Automne&quot;, &quot;Salon des Indépendants&quot; e &quot;Salon des Tuileries&quot; sub le nomine Vera Rockline. Su obras esseva succedite, e critics e le pressa comenciava a parlar del artista. In 1925, le galeria &quot;Charles Vildrac&quot; e in 1934, le galeria &quot;Barreiro&quot; presentava exposiciones personales del artista. Ella esset cognoscite con [[Zinaida Serebryakova]], qui anque viveva in Paris, e pictava su portrait. Desde 1933, ella esseva un socio del section artistica del Union de Laboratores d'Art russe in Francia. Ella gaudeva del supporto del couturier e collectore Paul Poiret, qui scribeva le introduction del catalogo de su prime exposicion personal (1924), in le qual, specialmente, ille scribeva: &quot;Io ama le pintura de Vera Rokhlina. Io me doler pro illes qui non lo ama.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://new.liveauctioneers.com/item/5816977|title=1001: Vera ROCKLINE (1896-1934) Nu au béret rouge à sa: Lot 1001|website=LiveAuctioneers|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Creativitate == 
Ella pintava multe nude, paisages, portraits e naturals mortes de flores. In su obra, ella passava per un passione pro impressionismo e cubismo, developpante su proprie estilo in le annos 1930, in le qual, secundo le autoritative revista de arte L`Art et les Artistes, &quot;un equilibrio artistic inter Courbet e Renoir esseva attingite.&quot; In le mesmo tempore, le proximitate de le nudes de Rokhlina al obras de Zinaida Serebryakova, con qui ella comunicava intime in Paris, es impressionante. Le giornalista, scrittor, critico de arte, e curatore del Musée du Petit Palais Raymond Escolier adjectivava le serie de imagines nude feminine de Rokhlina como &quot;un symphonia de carne.&quot; Nudes feminine deveniva le tema principal de le opere de Rokhlina, despite que ella etiam pictava portrettos, landscapes e nature mortes con flores. 

== Morte ==
Vera Rokhlina se suicidava a 38 annos. Un obituario in le revista &quot;Russian Thought&quot; esseva scribite per [[Alexandre Benois]], qui recognoscite su extraordinari talento. In le catalogo del Autumn Salon, le critico Leblong scribeva que &quot;le morte premature del artista esseva un de le plus grande perdas in le scena de arte parisian in annos recent.

== Galeria ==
&lt;gallery mode=packed&gt;
File:Vera Rockline Card players 1919.jpg|''The Card Players'' (1919)
File:Rockline Nu assis avec miroir 1920.jpg|''Nude with red beret at her toilet'' (1920)
File:Rockline jeune-femme-a-leventail-bleu-1919.jpg|''Portrait of a young woman with blue fan'' (1919)
File:Roclline Autoportrait 1922.jpg|''Self-Portrait'' (1922)
File:Rockline nude-in-blue-interior-1919-1921.jpg|''Nude with blue interior'' (1919–1921)&lt;/gallery&gt;

==References and sources==
;References
{{reflist}}
;Sources

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rockline, Vera}}
[[Categoria:Artistas]]
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[[Categoria:Gente judee]]
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[[Categoria:Gente francese]]
[[Categoria:Pictores francese]]
[[Categoria:Gente russe]]
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    <title>Commercio international</title>
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      <text bytes="72324" sha1="ngq24paixeud0zcckmbsulgybdbfulc" xml:space="preserve">{{Commercio international}}
On defini como '''commercio exterior''' o '''commercio international''' le movimento que ha le [[benes e servicios|benes e servicios, ressources, ideas e technologias]] a transverso del distinte paises e lor mercatos, sia interne sia externe. Illo se realisa utilisante divisas e es subjecte a regulationes additional que le participantes in le intercambio e le governamentos de lor paises de origine stabilite. Al realisar operationes commercial international, le paises implicate se beneficia mutualmente al positionar melior lor productos e entrar in mercatos estranier.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita libro|apellidos1=Ballesteros Román|nombre1=Alfonso J.|título=Comercio Exterior: teoría y práctica|fecha=1998|editorial=Universidad de Murcia.Servicio de Publicaciones|ubicación=España|isbn=84-8371-061-7|página=11|edición=1°|url=https://books.google.com.mx/books?id=aPnsvU2CMVIC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|fechaacceso=23 de mayo de 2015|}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le economias del commercio exterior se denomina ''economias aperte''. Iste processo de apertura externe se initiava fundamentalmente in le secunde medietate del 20e seculo, e de forma spectacular in le decennio de 1990, al incorporar se le economias [[latinoamerican]], de [[Europa del Est]] e le [[oriente asiatic]]. Cata vice existe major interrelation inter lo que occurre in le mercatos international e lo que succede in le economia de un pais determinate.

== Theorias del commercio international ==
Le differente theorias que explica le processo de functionamento del commercio international tenta trovar qual es le causas de iste commercio, pro quare le paises commercia, e studia le effectos del '''commercio international''' super le production e le consumo del paises o regiones economic.&lt;ref name=ice858&gt;{{cita publicación |apellidos=González Blanco |nombre=Raquel |año=2011 |título=Diferentes teorías del comercio internacional |títulotrad= |url=http://www.revistasice.com/CachePDF/ICE_858_103-118__9F7A85DC90A777675E3E806341418974.pdf |publicación=Información Comercial Española, Revista de economía |número=858 |9= |páginas=103-117 |editorial=Secretaría de Estado de Comercio Exterior, Gobierno de España |fechaacceso=4 de junio de 2011 |fechaarchivo=14 de diciembre de 2013 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214084727/http://www.revistasice.com/CachePDF/ICE_858_103-118__9F7A85DC90A777675E3E806341418974.pdf |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mercantilismo ===
Le [[mercantilismo]] non es un theoria, es un practica commercial. In Anglaterra a medietate del 16e seculo, illo esseva utilisate como un systema economic, le qual esseva adoptate per altere economias europee. Iste systema se characterisava in que le paises plus ric esseva illos que conservava major quantitates de metallos preciose, auro e argento; ante isto, le paises possedeva un alte interesse pro preservar un superavit commercial (exportar plus que importar) pro incrementar le ricchessa national.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|apellidos=Hill|nombre=Charles|título=ISE international business: Competing in the global marketplace|año=2022|editorial=McGraw Hill|edición=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le [[economista]] e scriptor anglese, [[Thomas Mun]], explica: &lt;blockquote&gt;Le medios ordinari pro augmentar nostre ricchessa e tresor es per le commercio exterior, pro lo que nos debe semper observar iste regula: vender plus annualmente al estranieros in valor de lo que nos consume de illes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://www.haciendoescuela.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/material/APTUS-08-HIST-07.pdf|título=Transformaciones económicas: mercantilismo|apellidos=Mun|nombre=Thomas|fecha=1621|publicación=La riqueza de Inglaterra por el comercio exterior.|fechaacceso=13-04-2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Iste systema requireva le intervention del governamento pro disvelopper politicas que fomentava le exportation a transverso del subsidio; in plus, con le creation de tariffas e quotas on cercava minimisar le importationes. Le mercantilismo sequeva 9 principios base:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://concepto.de/mercantilismo/|título=Mercantilismo - Concepto, origen, pilares y críticas|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|sitioweb=Concepto|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/el-mercantilismo/|título=El mercantilismo|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|apellido=Pigna|nombre=Felipe|fecha=2018-02-06|sitioweb=El Historiador|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Utilisar le territorio pro le agricultura, mineria e manufactura.
# Utilisar le materia prima del pais pro le manufactura national. Un ben finite vale plus que le materia prima.
# Fomentar le travalio in un population abundante.
# Prohibir tote le exportationes de auro e argento, in plus de mantener in circulation tote le moneta national.
# Obstaculisar le importationes de benes estranier.
# Si determinate importationes es requirite, obtener los in cambio de altere benes, sed non utilisar metallos preciose como pagamento.
# Limitar le importationes a productos escasse in le pais.
# Cercar opportunitates de exportar le excedente de manufacturas, specialmente in cambio de auro e argento.
# Prohibir le importation de productos disponibile in le pais.

Alcun economistas classic como [[David Hume]], [[Adam Smith]] e [[David Ricardo]] criticava iste systema economic, post que, in un periodo prolongate non existe pais apte pro mantener un superavit commercial con le auro e argento como divisa.

Alcun altere economistas que apportava al mercantilismo esseva:

==== Edward Misselden ====
Ille esseva un commerciante cuje rolo principal se developpava a transverso del pensamento economic del mercantilismo. Su apportos es principalmente re le [[balancia commercial]], post que ille esseva le prime a parlar super iste thema. Dicte concepto esseva symbolisate in terminos de credito e debito. De equal maniera ille apportava le “balancia de commercio multilateral” le qual in le actualitate es le [[balancia de pagamentos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://ideas.repec.org//b/elg/eebook/635.html|título=The Early Mercantilists: Thomas Mun (1571–1641), Edward Misselden (1608–1634) and Gerard de Malynes (1586–1623)|apellidos=Blaug|nombre=Mark|fecha=1991|publicación=Books|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|idioma=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Juan Bodino =====
Ille esseva un philosopho, cuje attributo al mercantilismo esseva un tractato del moneta, ubi ille exprimeva que le costos montava debite al existentia del auro, le argento e le monopolios.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=http://ri.uaemex.mx/bitstream/handle/20.500.11799/63018/secme-37695.pdf;jsessionid=FEF870A62D5C5C28E0C8C16A9424166F?sequence=1|título=Teorías del Pensamiento Económico. Estudiando el pasado, entendiendo el presente|apellidos=VALENCIA SANDOVAL|nombre=KARINA|fecha=Septiembre, 2016|publicación=Teorías del Pensamiento Económico. Estudiando el pasado, entendiendo el presente|fechaacceso=13-04-2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Jean Bapstiste Colbert ======
Ille esseva un del principal ministros de Francia in le regno de [[Luis XIV de Francia|Luis XIV]]. Baptiste creava un systema economic que se basava in accumular le ricchessa. Pro ducer a cabo isto on realisava diverse restrictiones al commercio, defensa al industria inter alteres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://economipedia.com/definiciones/colbertismo.html|título=Colbertismo - Definición, qué es y concepto|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|apellido=Roldán|nombre=Paula Nicole|sitioweb=Economipedia|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Antonio Serra ======
Ille esseva un economista, qui explicava como le typos de cambio del divisas es effecto e indice del balancia de pagamentos, e analysa le benes que lo compone, superante le analyse traditional que se face in terminos de exportationes e importationes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/|título=Antonio Serra: A Neglected Herald of the Acquisitive System|apellido=Sumberg|nombre=Theodore A|fecha=1991|sitioweb=American Journal of Economics and Sociology|páginas=365-373.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Theoria del superavit commercial ==
Le theoria del superavit commercial remonta a finales del 14e seculo, habente su major apogeo in le 16e, 17e e parte del 18e seculos. Illo stabiliva que le unic forma de augmentar le possession de metallos preciose esseva a transverso del augmento del exportation de benes in relation con le importationes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://webs.ucm.es/BUCM/cee/doc/03010003.htm|título=Sinopsis de la historia del pensamiento dobre economía internacional|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|sitioweb=webs.ucm.es|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-03-03|archivedate=2023-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418065750/http://webs.ucm.es/BUCM/cee/doc/03010003.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pro le nationes que contava con un systema economic mercantilista, on considerava indispensabile mantener un superavit intra le balancia commercial, pro haber major ricchessa intra le nation e proteger le inricchimento del prime Statos Nation (Espania, Anglaterra, Francia e Hollanda). Iste theoria considerava que le barrieras al commercio international esseva requirite pro proteger e mantener lor ricchessas intra le nation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://economipedia.com/definiciones/superavit-comercial.html|título=Superávit comercial - Definición, qué es y concepto|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|apellido=Arias|nombre=Andrés Sevilla|sitioweb=Economipedia|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le balancia commercial es un indicador in le commercio international, se calcula a transverso del differentia inter le exportationes e le importationes de un pais in un tempore determinate. Dicte balancia pote esser superavitari o deficitari.

== Theorias heterodoxe ==
On recognosce como theorias heterodoxe un conjuncto de theorias e modellos, tales como: Marxismo, keynesianismo, economia Institutional e le theoria del complexitate; que critica le vision classic del economia, intentante explicar le difficultates que ha alcun paises pro attinger lor disveloppamento economic, enfocante lor attention in le inequalitates originate per le commercio international.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|título=Aproximación a las teorías heterodoxas del comercio internacional|apellidos=Oñativia|nombre=Octavio|publicación=Grupo de estudios internacionales contemporáneos|fechaacceso=13-04-2023|issn=1853 1873}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iste theorias ha un characteristica in commun, post que illos sustene que le commercio international non beneficia equitativemente a tote le paises. Inter le theorias heterodoxe plus conite se trova:

* [[Marxismo]]''':''' Iste currente se basa in le obra de [[Karl Marx]] e [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]], e sustene que le lucta de classes es le motor del historia e le economia. Le marxismo critica le capitalismo e propone le abolition del proprietate private pro stabilir un societate socialista.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=|título=Los marxistas pensando el marxismo: entre la teoría y la práctica|apellidos=Pérez Soto,|nombre=Olga|fecha=2021|publicación=Los marxistas pensando el marxismo: entre la teoría y la práctica.|volumen=Economía y Desarrollo, 165|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|issn=2040-3364|doi=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Keynesianismo]]: Iste theoria surgeva a partir del ideas de [[John Maynard Keynes]], qui proponeva politicas economic que fomenta le demanda aggregate pro superar le crises economic. Le keynesianismo sustene que le Stato ha un rolo importante in le regulation del economia, a transverso de politicas fiscal e monetari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|título=Keynesianism|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-21315-3_46|editorial=Palgrave Macmillan UK|fecha=1991|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|isbn=978-0-333-55177-6|páginas=367–370|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-21315-3_46|idioma=en|nombre=John|apellidos=Eatwell|nombre-editor=John|apellido-editor=Eatwell}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Economia institutional]]: Iste theoria se centra in le analyse del institutiones que influe in le comportamento economic del individuos e le organisationes. Le economia institutional considera que le institutiones, como le normas social e le regulationes, es fundamental pro comprender le economia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/economia/article/view/10569|título=La Economía Institucional y su relación con los sectores productivos|apellidos=Jiménez|nombre=María Leonela Artavia|apellidos2=Vindas|nombre2=Shirley Benavides|fecha=2018-06-15|publicación=Economía y Sociedad|volumen=23|número=53|páginas=84–102|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|idioma=ES|issn=2215-3403|doi=10.15359/eys.23-53.5|apellidos3=Gómez|nombre3=Álvaro Martín Parada}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Theoria del complexitate: Iste currente se basa in le theoria de systemas complexe e sustene que le economia es un systema complexe composite per multiple factores interconnectite. Le theoria del complexitate se enfoca in comprender le dynamica e le interactiones inter le differente elementos del systema economic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.exploring-economics.org/es/orientacion/complexity-economics/|título=Economía de la complejidad {{!}} Exploring Economics|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|sitioweb=www.exploring-economics.org|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iste theorias heterodoxe, inter alteres, plantea perspectivas alternative al currentes dominante in le economia e altere disciplinas, e pote esser utile pro comprender o abordar problemas complexe ab approches diverse.

== Le these Singer Prebisch ==
Le these Singer-Prebisch sustene que existe un tendentia historic a lunge termino de deterioramento del terminos de intercambio inter le paises productores de materias primas e le paises industrialisate in le sectores de benes manufacturate. De iste forma, iste ideas se considera que appoia le principios protectionista del commercio international.

Iste these esseva proponite in le decennio de 1950 per le economistas Hans Singer e [[Raúl Prébisch|Raúl Prebisch]], e se basa in le observation de que le precios del materias primas, como le caffe, le cacao, le petroleo e le cupro, ha tendite a cader in terminos real in relation con le precios del productos manufacturate, como le automobiles e le apparatos electrodomestic.

Secundo le these Singer-Prebisch, iste tendentia se debe a que le paises disveloppate ha avantages tanto technologic como de capital, que les permitte producer benes manufacturate plus efficientemente e con un minor costo in comparation con le paises in disveloppamento, le quales tende a specialisar se in le production de materias primas. In plus, le these sustene que le paises disveloppate ha utilisate lor poter economic e politic pro mantener le precios basse del materias primas, cercante obtener beneficios in le commercio international.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.exploring-economics.org/es/descubrir/tesis-prebisch-singer-caida-de-los-terminos-de-/|título=Tesis Prebisch-Singer Caída de los términos de intercambio {{!}} Exploring Economics|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|sitioweb=www.exploring-economics.org|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Como responsa a iste situation, le defensores del these Singer-Prebisch ha proponite diverse politicas economic pro reducer le dependentia del paises in disveloppamento del exportation de materias primas, dum fomenta le disveloppamento de industrias manufacturere national. Inter iste politicas se include le nationalisation de ressources natural, le investition in education e technologia, le regulation del precios del materias primas e le promotion del commercio regional inter paises in disveloppamento.

Existe exemplos de paises in disveloppamento que ha luate a meliorar lor position in le commercio international a transverso del production e exportation de benes manufacturate de alte qualitate. Tamen, isto continua esser relevante pro comprender le inequalitates economic global e le politicas necesse pro abordar los.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|título=Teoría del comercio internacional|url=https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=vWAEfcJWwqwC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=es#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|editorial=Siglo XXI|fecha=2005|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|isbn=978-968-23-1666-1|idioma=es|nombre=Ricardo Torres|apellidos=Gaytán}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Theorias classic ==
Le theoria classic gira circa le interaction que occurre inter le commercio e le [[crescentia economic]], basante se sur duo brancas como lo es le theoria del avantage absolute e le theoria del avantage comparative.

=== Theoria de avantage absolute ===
Iste theoria destaca le importantia que ha le libere commercio pro incrementar le ricchessa del nationes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.economia.unam.mx/assets/pdfs/econinfo/397/03DarioIbarra.pdf|título=Crítica a la Teoría Clásica del Comercio Internacional, un enfoque de equilibrio general entre país grande y país pequeño.|fechaacceso=09 de marzo de 2023|apellido=Ibarra Zavala|nombre=Darío|fecha=2016|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-03-03|archivedate=2026-05-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260501034943/https://www.economia.unam.mx/assets/pdfs/econinfo/397/03DarioIbarra.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Assi mesme, on face emphase in le importantia de reconoscer le scarsitate de recursos e le necessitate de stabilir un systema de distribution de benes; de iste modo, le paises pote esser capace de producer e exportar productos que require un recurso abundante de maniera local, e importar los que demanda un recurso scarse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|apellidos=Cardozo|nombre=Pedro Pablo|título=Teoría de internacionalización|url=https://ezproxy.upaep.mx2169/servlet/articulo?codigo=4780130|fechaacceso=06 de marzo de 2023|año=2007|editorial=Panorama|isbn=|páginas=54-82|capítulo=12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le theoria del avantage absolute sustene que le commercio international pote esser mutualmente benefic pro le paises que se trova realisante un intercambio de benes e servicios. Pro iste ration, le paises utilisa iste theoria como un methodo de comparation de costos; isto les permitte medir le competitivitate con le qual illos conta ante le mercato international.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://unade.edu.mx/ventaja-absoluta-y-comparativa/|título=Ventaja absoluta y comparativa|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|apellido=UNADE|nombre=Universidad|fecha=2022-04-21|sitioweb=Universidad Americana de Europa|idioma=es-MX}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Con lo mentionate in le paragraphos anterior, on pote definir le avantage absolute como: le capacitate de producer un ben a un costo minor. Dante como resultato, que un pais pote beneficiar se economic- e commercialmente producente e exportante benes de quales le materia prima abunda in le territorio national e importante mercantias de quales illos non poterea considerar se ric. Un exemplo de isto serea: si un persona conta con melior technologia, plus tempore, plus capital o melior habilitates que un altere pro producer alcun producto, isto significa que illo ha le avantage absolute de dicte producto. Le beneficios in le commercio surge a partir del avantages comparative, assi que le personas pote obtener beneficios commercial gratias al avantage comparative.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://economipedia.com/definiciones/ventaja-absoluta.html|título=Ventaja absoluta - Definición, qué es y concepto|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|apellido=Galán|nombre=Javier Sánchez|sitioweb=Economipedia|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le instrumentos que constitue le superioritate competitive del avantage absolute es:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.esic.edu/rethink/comercial-y-ventas/que-es-ventaja-absoluta|título=¿Qué es la ventaja absoluta? {{!}} ESIC|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|sitioweb=www.esic.edu|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Recursos technologic, ja que le evolution del technologia es clave pro optimisar le processos productive e reducer costos approfitante le medios existente. 
* Tempore, pois quanto minus tempore se emplea in le production de un ben, plus productos on potera mitter al mercato, in un periodo minor. 
* Investimento, pro poter analisar differente fatias de processos de production e destinar le recursos necessari a cata un de illos.
* Labor, accelerante le processo de production del benes.

Le characteristicas que forni le theoria del avantage absolute es:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:BFD-1994-7-14428D99/PD|título=La hipótesis de la ventaja absoluta y la nueva teoría del comercio internacional|apellido=Prado|nombre=Javier|año=1994|páginas=217-224}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* On ha le credentia que un pais habera le capacitate de exportar un producto solmente si illo ha le costo plus basse.
* On prende como referentia le relation inter le valor del producto e le quantitate que on pote producer per hora de labor.
* On destaca le importantia del libere commercio como forma in que le ricchessas del paises pote incrementar se.
* On emphase le recursos interne e proprie del paises.

Tamen, se trova alcun limitationes in iste theoria:

* In le theoria non se includeva le costo de transportation ni le mobilitate del travaliatores, per lo que se difficulta le processo de inferer que un pais pote esser plus productive con minus recursos.
* Le regulationes que favori un industria a transverso del costos de opportunitate arriva a quitar le mesme recursos a un altere; lo que impedi que existe formas con major avantage.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 
* Debite a iste limitationes presentate, existe un theoria que contradice le del avantage absolute; a isto on lo cognosce como: Theoria del avantage comparative. Dum que le avantage absolute implica que un del paises es melior in le production de un ben, assi le avantage comparative face referentia al costo de opportunitate que existe pro un pais in le qual su production de un determinate ben non habera le necessitate de producer un altere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=http://revistas.bancomext.gob.mx/rce/magazines/315/7/RCE7.pdf|título=La técnica, los costos, la ventaja absoluta y la competitividad|apellidos=Guerrero|nombre=Diego|fecha=2018|publicación=Comercio exterior|fechaacceso=10 de marzo de 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Theoria del avantage comparative o relative ====
{{AP|Avantage comparative}}
Le theoria del avantage comparative esseva proponite como base pro incrementar le benesser economic del population a transverso del commercio international, favoriente le production specialisate de un pais con base in le uso intensive de [[factores de production]] in le quales illo ha un avantage comparative, como in materia prima, terras fertile o man de opera, e le comercialisation con altere paises de ille benes que illo produce de maniera plus efficiente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.bancomext.com/glosario/ventaja-comparativa-comparative-advantage-eco|título=Ventaja Comparativa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iste theoria conduce a un major efficientia in le production e a un major prosperitate economic pro tote le paises implicate. Al esser considerate un theoria classic, ha surgite criticas contrari a isto, que pone in dubita le veritate del avantage comparative; gratias a nove variabiles como le competentia desleal e le [[dumping]] que pote damnar le industria national e le economia.

Le libere commercio tende a crear inequalitates economic e social intra un pais, e malgrado iste limitationes, iste theoria continua essente acceptate como parte del theorias del economia international. Le [[evidentia empiric]] ha demonstrate que le commercio international ha contribuite al crescentia economic e le prosperitate in multe paises. In plus de esser utile pro comprender le cambios in le patronos de commercio e como istos pote affectar differente paises e sectores del economia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://rfcca.umich.mx/index.php/rfcca/article/view/128|título=Competitividad de las Frutillas en México, a través de la Ventaja Comparativa Revelada|apellidos=Romero|nombre=Martha Beatriz Flores|apellidos2=Núñez|nombre2=Laura Ponce de León|fecha=2019-12-17|publicación=Revista de la Facultad de Contaduría y Ciencias Administrativas|volumen=4|número=8|páginas=96–105|fechaacceso=2023-04-20|idioma=es|issn=2448-6051}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Theoria del demanda reciproc'''

Le theoria del demanda reciproc ha como sustento le theoria del avantage absolute e le theoria del avantage comparative; in iste theoria [[John Stuart Mill|Mill]] propone un nove perspectiva ubi le intercambio de mercantias debe enfocar se in le extension del demanda interne de un pais con respecto a un altere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://journals.copmadrid.org/jwop/art/tr2013a16|título=La teoría de las demandas y los recursos laborales|apellidos=Bakker|nombre=Arnold B.|apellidos2=Demerouti|nombre2=Evangelia|fecha=2014-02-14|publicación=Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology|volumen=29|número=3|páginas=107–115|fechaacceso=2023-04-20|idioma=es|issn=1576-5962|doi=10.5093/tr2013a16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De accordo con le autor, le intercambio commercial inter nationes de differente dimensiones beneficiara le pais plus parve; isto se debe al relation del cambio de qui tende a esser plus proxime al pais grande, pois le offerta del pais parve es inferior al demanda del pais grande, per lo que illo tende a augmentar le precio del ben exportate per le pais parve.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|apellidos=García|nombre=Jose|título=INTRODUCCIÓN AL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL|url=https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/1/179/4.pdf|fechaacceso=20-04-2023|año=2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pro Mill, le intercambio commercial inter duo paises esseva le resultato del gustos e situationes economic del consumitores que pertineva a cata un del nationes; es per illo que varia le typos de productos e le quantitates que cata pais besonia [[Importación|importar]] de un altere pais. De equal forma, illo affirma que le [[Exportación|exportationes]] de un territorio se rinfortira in le mesura in que le mesme compra o importa mercantias producite in un altere, sustenente assi que: &lt;blockquote&gt;Le successo de un pais reside in haber un [[Superávit económico|superavit]] in su exportationes; le paises paga lor importationes con le exportationes, per lo tanto, le costo real de importationes es le valor de production del mercantias que illo exporta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|edición=1. ed.|título=El ajedrez del libre comercio: integración, competitividad y globalización en Colombia y los países andinos|url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL16333765M/El_ajedrez_del_libre_comercio|editorial=Universidad Sergio Arboleda|fecha=2006|fechaacceso=2023-04-20|isbn=978-958-42-1480-5|nombre=Carlos|apellidos=Ronderos}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Effecto international de Fisher ===

Le economista statounitese [[Irving Fisher]] propone un hypothese in le ambito del finanzas international; in le qual ille explica que si le rata de inflation in un pais A es plus alte que le inflation in un pais B, tunc le rata nominal in le pais A deberea esser plus alte que le rata de interesse nominal in le pais B.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita publicación|url=https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/ree/02101025v15n2/02101025v15n2p149.pdf|título=¿Existe un efecto Fisher en el largo plazo? Evidencia para la economía española, 1962-1996|nombre1=óscar|apellidos2=Steve|nombre2=Vicente|fecha=Mayo 1998|publicación=Revista Española De Economía|volumen=15|número=18|fechaacceso=1 de abril de 2023|apellidos1=Bajo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On comprende le termino rata de interesse nominal como le typo de interesse sin ajustar per le cambio in le poter acquisitive del moneta debite al inflation. Pro exemplificar lo, si un persona obtene un presto con un rata de interesse nominal del 5% annual, isto significa que illo debera pagar un 5% de interesse al anno sur le amonta del presto. Si le inflation es del 3% annual, le rata de interesse real que le prestatario pagara essera del 2% annual (rata de interesse nominal del 5% minus le inflation del 3%).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2475444|título=El efecto Fisher y el premio al riesgo en México|apellidos=Aragón|nombre=M. Beatriz Mota|fecha=2006|publicación=Comercio exterior|volumen=56|número=11|páginas=959–967|fechaacceso=2023-04-20|issn=0185-0601}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le effecto Fisher international ha consequentias importante in le typos de cambio inter duo monetas differente, tal como euros e dollares. In caso que un moneta ha un rata de interesse nominal plus alte que un altere moneta, tunc on expecta que ille moneta se apprecie in relation con le altere moneta; usante le exemplo anterior, on expecta que le dollar se apprecie in relation con le euro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|título=El Efecto Fisher y la Paridad de Interés Real|apellidos=Rico|nombre=Paz|fecha=2001|publicación=Evidencia para la economía española|página=691-722|doi=10.1080/02102412.2001.10779429}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isto se debe a que le investitores cercara investir in le moneta con le rata de interesse plus alte pro obtener un major rendimento. In summario, le effecto Fisher International es un relation importante inter le inflation e le ratas de interesse nominal in duo paises differente. Si le rata de inflation es plus alte in un pais, tunc on expecta que le rata de interesse nominal in ille pais sia plus alte que le rata de interesse nominal in un altere pais con un inflation plus basse. Isto ha implicationes pro le typo de cambio inter le monetas del duo paises, ja que on expecta que le moneta con le rata de interesse nominal plus alte se apprecie in relation con le altere moneta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita publicación|url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/fype/v8n2/v8n2a05.pdf|título=Las hipótesis de Fisher en Latinoamérica: un análisis de cointegración|nombre1=Antonio|apellidos2=Cruz Ruiz|nombre2=Fidel Gustavo|fecha=27 de mayo 2016|publicación=2016 Universidad Católica de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas.|volumen=8|páginas=26|fechaacceso=15 de mayo de 2023|doi=10.14718/REVFINANZPOLITECON.2016.8.2.5|pmid=22486046|apellidos1=Ruiz Porras}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Modello Heckscher-Ohlin ====
{{AP|Modelo Heckscher-Ohlin}}
Illo esseva formulate in 1933 per le economista [[Bertil Ohlin|Ohlin]], ben que su mentor, [[Eli Heckscher|Heckscher]], habeva planteate le theorema original in 1919. Le modello emphase le factores de production que es disponibile in le differente paises e le proportion in le qual illos es utilisate in le production de differente benes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0(2)&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://economipedia.com/definiciones/modelo-heckscher-ohlin.html|título=Modelo Heckscher-Ohlin|fechaacceso=2023-04-13|apellido=Morales|nombre=Francisco Coll|sitioweb=Economipedia|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Secundo iste modello, le commercio international non solmente pote explicar se per le differentias in le productivitate laboral, sed tamben per le differentias in le dotation de factores inter paises, como le terra, le labor e le capital. Le quantitate relative de iste elementos varia de un pais a un altere, e le processos de production utilisa iste factores con differente intensitates relative. De iste maniera, le modello de Heckscher-Ohlin sustene que: &lt;blockquote&gt;Le differentias international in le dotation de factores conduce a differente avantages comparative. Le paises exporta ille benes que require intensitates de factores plus alte e, al contrario, importa ille benes que require intensitates de factores plus basse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Le economistas developpava iste modello que stabilite le theoria de assignation de factores, le qual indica que le paises con major capital exportara productos in relation con le mesme e le paises que es enfocate in man de opera, exportara e se specialisara in istos mesme; de iste maniera, se produce un major specialisation.

A differentia del theoria del avantage absolute de Smith e del theoria del avantage comparative de Ricardo, ubi le commercio e le specialisation es determinate principalmente per le productivitate, le modello se enfoca in le dotation del labor e capital.

In summario, iste modello cerca explicar como le differentias in le dotation de factores inter paises influe in le fluxos commercial international e como iste fluxos pote generar beneficios pro le paises con differente dotationes de factores.

==== Modello de gravitate del commercio ====
{{AP|Modelo de gravedad del comercio}}
Iste modello stabilite que le commercio inter duo paises es proportional al dimension economic de ambe paises, mesurate per lor respective producto interne brute (PIB), e diminue con le distantia inter illos, mantenente se constante tote le altere variabiles.

=== Theorias neoclassic comparative ===
Iste theoria es un del principales del periodo neoclassic que se developpava in le annos 1870-1920, le qual surgeva con base al theorias del [[Ventaja absoluta|avantage absolute]] e [[Ventaja comparativa|comparative]] sur in que deberea specialisar se cata pais in production.

Le theoria neoclassic del consumitor stipula que le factor de production principal non es le costos de production o le quantitate de recursos usate pro producer, sed le perception del consumitor super le producto mesme; un exemplo multo clar es le marcas de luxo como [[Swarovski]], [[Versace]] o [[Balenciaga (empresa)|Balenciaga]]: le costo de producer lor joias, perfumes e lor vestimentos es multo minor que le precio que illos cobra al mercato, e le ration per le qual le gente acquire lor productos es proque illos les da un stato e un experientia, lo que da un satisfaction personal al consumitores.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.zendesk.com.mx/blog/teoria-del-consumidor/|título=[GUÍA] Teoría del consumidor: 7 trucos para vender más|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|sitioweb=Zendesk MX|idioma=es-LA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In conclusion, le theoria neoclassic comparative es un branca del theoria neoclassic, le qual ha su bases in le avantage comparative e absolute que le paises debe specialisar se in le production de benes que ha le minor costo de production o quando illos produce plus benes habente le mesme o minor quantitate de recursos que altere paises, sed le neoclassic adjunge que istos non es le factores plus importante sed le perception del consumitor super le producto, ja que assi illos obtene un stato e un satisfaction personal.

==== Theoria del demanda representative ====
Illo esseva exponite e dirigite per [[Hipótesis de Linder|Linder]] in le anno 1961. Illo se centrava in enfocar le similitudes que ha le paises que realisava un elevate intercambio commercial. Le economista describe que le theoria de demanda representative es basate in le commercio international inter paises. Le autor describeva le fluxos del commercio questionante pro que surge iste intercambio.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://comerciointernacionaludfblog.wordpress.com/2016/12/07/teoria-de-la-demanda-representativa/|título=Teoría de la demanda representativa|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|fecha=2016-12-07|sitioweb=Comercio Internacional udf|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Linder prende como referentia paises con nivellos de receptas similar juncto con structuras productive similar, assi como in le preferentias del consumitores, observante le demanda del mercato, es dicer, lo que le gente compra, con le objectivo de saper le typo de productos que le demanda vole de cata pais e observante le incremento conforme cresce le recepta de cata un de illos.

Sabente isto, on sustene que le theoria del demanda representative es un structura in le qual le demanda de un pais pro differente benes e servicios se explica principalmente per le distribution del receptas e le composition de su structura productive.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1057312|título=Income Distribution and &quot;Representative Demand&quot; in International Trade Flows: An Empirical Test of Linder's Hypothesis|apellidos=Kohlhagen|nombre=Steven W.|fecha=1977|publicación=Southern Economic Journal|volumen=44|número=1|páginas=167–172|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|issn=0038-4038|doi=10.2307/1057312}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le economista prendeva le patronos de consumo del gente de cata pais secundo lor nivello de receptas, trovante que quando il ha un similitude de renta per capita, le qual mide le relation inter le [[Producto interno bruto|PIB]] e le numero de residentes de un pais, illos tendera a consumer le mesme typos de benes. Le connexion con le commercio international existe proque on exporta lo que on produce e on produce lo que on consume, creante assi un commercio intraindustrial.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://5dbf7a8e879f6.site123.me/tema-2-3/teor%C3%ADa-de-la-demanda-representativa|título=Teoría de la Demanda Representativa|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|sitioweb=Leyes y Teorías Del Comercio Internacional|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le structura del [[Demanda (economía)|demanda]] de un pais se explica in grande parte per le distribution del receptas e le composition de su rete productive; influe le offerta e le demanda de cata pais ubi on pote vider le productivitate del economia, monstrante le patronos de commercio. In conclusion, le theoria destaca le importantia del offerta disponibile in le determination del structura del demanda de un pais. Per lo tanto, illo suggere que le preferentias del consumitores es strictemente ligate al offerta disponibile, ligate al commercio international, e influe in le preferentias del consumitores al affectar le offerta disponibile del benes e servicios in un pais.

=== Theoria del cyclo de vita del producto ===
In 1966, Vernon proponeva le theoria del cyclo de vita del producto al commercio international, in un articulo nominate ''Investimento international e commercio international in le cyclo del producto'' que esseva publicate in le Revista Trimestral de Economia del [[Universitate de Oxford]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cita publicación|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/1880689|título=International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle|apellidos=Vernon|nombre=Raymond|fecha=1966-05|publicación=The Quarterly Journal of Economics|volumen=80|número=2|páginas=190|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|issn=0033-5533|doi=10.2307/1880689}}&lt;/ref&gt; in le qual ille explicava que le processo de fabrication de un producto es realisate in le pais in le qual on lo inventa e, al esser terminate, per medio de exportationes le altere paises potera acquirer lo; un vice que le producto es standardisate, le production pote translatar se a un altere pais.

Quando le interprisas considera que es factibile developpar lor producto a costos minor, a vices illas cessa de producer in lor locos de origine pro mover le production al pais ubi illas habera un avantage; tamen, dependente del sector es le presa de decisiones sur le cambio, per exemplo, in le sector automotive illas move lor processos de production de certe typos de unitates a un altere pais sed sin cessar de producer alcun alteres in le mesme pais de origine.

Iste theoria se relationa con le modello de cyclo de vita del producto ja que illo explica le processo que suffre le producto desde su entrata usque su exita in le mercato. Durante le prime etapa, le production se effectua ubi on designava e creava le producto pro posteriormente exportar a paises con un nivello de developpamento e demandas similar; pro le secunde etapa existe paises que crea copias e istas mesme arriva al loco ubi on lo creava per prime vice; in le etapa de maturitate le mercato jam non es in crescentia e supervive ille interprisas que conta con un avantage comparative; e pro assi concluder con le etapa in le qual paises minus developpate es illos que produce e comercialisa le producto in lor proprie territorio, ja que le innovationes technic require grande quantitates de capital e man de opera qualificate que predominantemente se trova in paises que es altemente industrialisate.

In [[mercadotecnia]], le theoria se relationa con le termino [[obsolescencia obsolescentia programmate]] o [[obsolescentia dynamic]], termino que [[Alfred Pritchard Sloan|Alfred Sloan]], presidente de [[GM Colmotores|GM]], utilisava pro definir su strategias de vendita pro esser competentia de [[Henry Ford]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/tecnologia/innovacion/origen-y-mitos-de-obsolescencia-programada/|título=El origen y los mitos de la obsolescencia programada|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|apellido=Conocimiento|nombre=Ventana al|fecha=2020-09-11|sitioweb=OpenMind|idioma=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Obsolescentia programmate ====
On comprende per obsolescentia programmate quando productos industrialisate ha un determinate comportamento in le mercato; in iste caso, es le action intentional designate per le proprie fabricantes pro que le productos cessa de funger in un tempore determinate, es dicer, un falta planificate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Existe 4 typos de Obsolescentia Programmate:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.gob.mx/profeco/es/articulos/obsolescencia-programada-disenados-para-morir?idiom=es|título=Obsolescencia programada: diseñados para morir|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|apellido=Consumidor|nombre=Procuraduría Federal del|sitioweb=gob.mx|idioma=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Systemic: le systemas operative jam non es compatibile, portos de entrata ha essite actualisate e cessa de esser compatibile.
* Percipite: facer que le nove version de un producto face vider le anterior como obsoleto.
* Datate: fortiate.
* Legal: le regulation prohibe le uso pro diverse fines.

Pro comprender iste cyclo es necessari comprender que un producto es ille ben que es destinate a satisfacer le necessitates, intentiones o problemas del consumitor in un mercato, per lo que qualque ben que non es create pro un necessitate in particular es destinate al fracasso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cita libro|título=Las necesidades artificiales : cómo salir del consumismo|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1350506868|fecha=2021|fechaacceso=2023-04-19|isbn=978-84-460-5113-8|oclc=1350506868|nombre=Alcira|apellidos=Bixio|nombre2=Razmig|apellidos2=Translation of: Keucheyan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le productos pote esser:
* De convenientia: on los compra regularmente.
* De comparation: on los compra con minor frequentia, illos es plus car.
* De conviction: on los cerca de maniera autonome proque illos es de melior qualitate o es unic in le mercato.
* Non cercate: quando illos es necessari.

Le cyclo es dividite in 5 etapas que es:&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
# Developpamento: de ideas, actiones, designos, costos de production alte.
# Introduction: le producto se pote comercialisar, on defini le principal indicatores de rendimento.
# Crescentia: existe potential de perpetuitate, major venditas e distribution, nasce competitores.
# Maturitate: provas al persistentia del producto, jam non ha crescentia constante in venditas.
# Declino: clientes se adapta a nove alternativas.

=== Le nove theoria del commercio international e le politica commercial estrategic ===
{{Vide etiam|Paradoja de Leontief|Modelo Brander–Spencer}}
Le sustento basic del theorias antea exponite esseva le existentia de [[competentia perfecte]], que permitteva, per le via del [[libere commercio]], augmentar le benesser del paises. Al fin del annos 1970 e initio del decennio de 1980, surgeva alcun economistas como [[Paul Krugman]], [[Avinash Dixit]], [[James Brander]] e [[Bárbara J. Spencer]] qui schissava alcun nove elaborationes theoric fundate in le existentia de [[fallo de mercado|fallimentos de mercato]] que poneva in question, non in tote le casos, le theoria classic del commercio international de que le intercambios international se fundamenta exclusivemente in le theoria del avantage comparative e que le defensa sub qualque circumstantia del libere commercio e del non-intervention statal in iste area economic poterea non esser le practica optime. In parolas de Krugman: ''le replanteamento del base analytic del politica commercial es un responsa al cambio real occurrite in le ambiente e al progresso intellectual complite in le campo del economia''.

Iste nove theorias utilisa le instrumentos del theoria economic e le formalisation mathematic e suppone un critica de major profunditate al theorias neoclassic que illos proveniente de altere campos del economia como le sociologia o le structura economic. Assi mesme, illos tracta de responder a duo questiones: le prime es pro que on comercia e le secunde, como debe esser le politica secundo iste nove explicationes.&lt;ref&gt;Steimberg, F. (2004) ''La nueva teoría del comercio internacional y la política comercial estratégica''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le base argumental de iste theoria radica in quando non es possibile attinger un [[Eficiencia de Pareto|optimo de Pareto]] a nivello mundial debite a fallimentos de mercato, on debe optar per eliger situationes denominate ''second best'' o secunde optimo. Inter le infinite situationes de secunde optimo, le Statos pote preferer unas a alteres e prender le medidas que los porta a colocar se in un secunde optimo distincte del stabilite. Le fallimentos de mercato que justifica le politica commercial estrategic es basicamente le existentia de beneficios extraordinari in un sector economic e le existentia de externalitates technologic de character positive.

== Theoria del division international del travalio ==
Le theoria del division international del travalio (DIT) explica como se distribue e organisa le activitates economic inter le paises e como iste distribution affice le disveloppamento economic. Secundo illo, le paises se specialisa in le production de certe benes e servicios, in function de lor avantages comparative, e postea intercambia iste mercantias e productos in le mercato international.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://economipedia.com/definiciones/division-internacional-del-trabajo.html|titulo=Division international del travalio - Definition, que es e concepto|dataaccesso=2023-04-19|cognomine=Roldán|nomine=Paula Nicole|sitioweb=Economipedia|lingua=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le theoria del DIT se originava in le 18e seculo con le travalio del economista britannic Adam Smith, qui argumentava que le paises deberea specialisar se in le production de benes in le quales illos ha un avantage comparative, es dicer, in le quales illos es relativemente plus efficiente. Per exemplo, un pais que ha un grande quantitate de terra e un clima adecuate pro le cultivo de tritico, pote producer iste ben a un costo minor que altere paises, e per consequente, deberea specialisar se in su production e exportation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Le DIT etiam se basa sur le theoria del costos de transporto, que sustene que le benes que es costose de transportar a longe distantias non se commercia in le mercato international. Per consequente, le paises tende a specialisar se in le production de benes que es facile de transportar e commerciar. In le actualitate, le DIT se utilisa pro explicar como le globalisation ha afficite le distribution del production e le commercio inter le paises. Secundo le theoria, le globalisation ha ducite a un major specialisation assi como un major integration del mercatos international, lo que ha permittite al paises profitar de lor avantages comparative e acceder a un major varietate de benes e servicios.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

In summario, iste theoria explica como le paises se specialisa in le production de benes e servicios in function de lor avantages comparative e como iste distribution affice le commercio international e le disveloppamento economic; illo explica le idea que le paises se specialisa in le production de benes que es relativemente plus efficiente e que pote transportar se facilemente, lo que permitte a illos commerciar in le mercato international e profitar de lor avantages comparative.

=== Theorias del schola de Krugman ===
Le schola de Krugman, liderate per le economista statounitese [[Paul Krugman]], qui ha disveloppate varie theorias importante in le campo del economia international e su origines esseva quando le economista David Ricardo proponeva iste nove modello in 1979 e que con le passar del tempore esseva vigente desde principios del 19e seculo. Le prime parte de iste theoria face emphase in le differentiation inter le paises a partir del economias de scala. Le principal propositiones de Ricardo con le passar del tempore habeva modificationes per Heckscher e Ohlin, e de egal forma a su vice al tentar explicar isto, illes non habeva sufficiente bases pro le domination progressive del commercio international del paises que habeva le mesme productos e le mesme conditiones.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sin_nombre-20230526115715&quot;&gt;{{Cita publication|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.33110/inceptum.v14i27.238|titulo=Le crescentia del commercio international a partir del conceptiones de Paul Krugman|cognomines=Chamú Nicanor|nomine=Félix|cognomines2=Marín Leyva|nomine2=René Augusto|data=2023-04-18|publication=INCEPTUM|volumine=14|numero=27|paginas=15–28|dataaccesso=2023-04-19|issn=2007-9494|doi=10.33110/inceptum.v14i27.238}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Alcun del principal theorias del schola de Krugman:

# Theoria del competitivitate del clusters: Krugman argumentava que le interprisas tende a aggrupar se geographicamente in certe regiones debite al presentia de economias de agglomeration, lo que permitte a illos esser plus productive e competitive. Iste theoria ha essite amplemente utilisate pro explicar le importantia del clusters in le economia global. Le commercio international non solmente es determinate per le differentias in le dotationes de ressources e le technologia inter le paises, sed etiam per le economias de scala que se genera a mesura que le interprisas augmenta lor production. Le production a grande scala permitte reducer le costos unitari, per tanto, offerer precios plus basse e augmentar le competitivitate del interprisas in le mercato global. In plus, le theoria del schola de Krugman sustene que le differentias in le productivitate inter le paises etiam es importante pro explicar le commercio international. Le paises que es plus productive in le production de certe benes e servicios habera avantages comparative in le exportation de ille benes e servicios.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sin_nombre-20230526115715&quot;/&gt;
# Theoria del nove economia geographic: Explica como le geographia e le ubication pote afficer le economia, in particular a transverso del agglomeration de interprisas e le formation de clusters. Le theoria etiam destaca le importantia del retes de transporto; le Schola de Krugman destaca le importantia del costos de transporto in le commercio international. Le costos de transporto pote facer que le benes producite in un pais sia plus car in un altere, lo que pote limitar le commercio inter le paises.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sin_nombre-20230526115715&quot;/&gt;

==== Liberalismo social, politic e economic ====
Le liberalismo es un philosophia politic que se centra in le libertate individual, le egalitate ante le lege e le protection del derectos individual como de proprietate. Il ha tres brancas principal del liberalismo:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita publication|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecoi.106.0139|titulo=Économie internationale, Gunther Capelle-Blancard et Matthieu Crozet|cognomines=Cartapanis|nomine=André|data=2006-06-01|publication=Économie internationale|volumine=n&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 106|numero=2|paginas=139–141|dataaccesso=2023-04-19|issn=1240-8093|doi=10.3917/ecoi.106.0139}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Le prime que es le liberalismo social se foca in garantir le libertate e le egalitate de opportunitates pro tote le membros del societate, specialmente illes qui es marginalisate o disfavorecite. Isto pote includer politicas que offere accesso al education, le attention medic, le empleo e le habitation.
* Le secunde es cognoscite como liberalismo politic, le qual se foca in garantir le libertate individual e le derectos civil, includente le libertate de expression, le libertate de religion assi como le libertate de association. Illo etiam se foca in limitar le poter del governamento pro proteger le derectos individual.
* Finalmente nos ha le liberalismo economic que se foca in le libere interprisa e le libere competentia, con un governamento limitate que non interfere in le affaires economic del individuos e le interprisas. Se crede que le competentia libere e aperte beneficia a omnes al meliorar le efficientia, ultra reducer le costos.

Es importante signalar que non tote le personas qui se identifica como liberales se adhere al tres brancas del liberalismo. Alcunes pote emphasisar un branca particular in detrimento del alteres.

===== Nove theoria neoclassic =====
Le nove theoria neoclassic (NTN) es un currente de pensamento economic que surge in le decennio de 1980 como un responsa al criticas que se habeva facite al theoria neoclassic. Le speculation se centra in le analyse del mercatos e in le prisa de decisiones del agentes economic, cerca explicar proque le interprisas e le consumitores adopta certe strategias e como iste decisiones affice le functionamento del mercato.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cita publication|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.21696/rcsl7132017651|titulo=Theorias del Relationes International in le Seculo XXI|cognomines=Medina Martínez|nomine=Fuensanta|data=2017-01-27|publication=Revista de El Colegio de San Luis|numero=13|paginas=265–284|dataaccesso=2023-04-19|issn=2007-8846|doi=10.21696/rcsl7132017651}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iste theoria se basa sur varie conceptos clave, includente le theoria del information asymmetric, le [[theoria del costos de transaction]] in plus le theoria del contractos. Iste theorias adjuta a explicar como le agentes economic prende decisiones e como iste decisiones affice le functionamento del mercato. Per exemplo, le theoria del information asymmetric explica como le compratores e egalmente le vendedores ha differente nivellos de information sur le benes e servicios que se negotia, lo que pote afficer le precios plus le qualitate del productos. Altere concepto importante del NTN es le idea que le mercatos non sempre es perfectamente competitive, sed que pote esser characterisate per [[monopolio]]s, [[oligopolio]]s o competentia monopolistic. Iste mercatos imperfecte pote dar loco a resultatos inefficiente, lo que pote requirer le intervention del governamento pro corriger los.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

In summario, le theoria es un currente de pensamento economic que se centra in le prisa de decisiones del agentes economic e in como iste decisiones affice le functionamento del mercato. Iste theoria utilisa varie conceptos clave, como le supposition del information asymmetric e le hypothese del costos de transaction, pro explicar como le mercatos functiona e como illos pote esser corrigite quando illos non functiona efficientemente.


== Modellos de commercio international ==
* [[Librecambismo]]
* [[Protectionismo]]: studia le barrieras stabilite contra le libere commercio international.
** [[Tariffa]]
** [[Politica tariffari]]
** [[Contingente]]
** [[Dumping]]
** [[Guerra commercial]]
** [[Barrieras non-tariffari]]
** [[Salvaguardia economic]]
** [[Argumento del industria nascente]]
** [[Impoverir le vicino]]

== Studios economic ==
Pro promover le exportationes, multe organismos guvernamental publica le studios de mercato per sector industrial e pais. Lista del organismos guvernamental per pais:

* '''Statos Unite''': [[Departimento de Commercio del Statos Unite|USCS]], dependente de ''US Department of Commerce'' e [[USDA]] (''Department of Agriculture'') in le sectores del agricultura e le agroalimentation.
* '''Espania''': ''Instituto Espaniol de Commercio Exterior'' ([[ICEX]]), ha como mission promover le internationalisation del interprisas espaniol.
* '''Canada''': ''Export Development Canada'' (EDC) e ''Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada'' que publica studios international in su sector.
* '''Francia''': Ubifrance (promotion del exportationes)

AFII (implantation de interprisas estranier)
* '''Regno Unite''': ''UK Trade &amp; Investment'' se occupa tanto del promotion de su exportationes como del implantation in le Regno Unite de interprisas estranier.
* '''Hong Kong''': ''Hong Kong Trade Development Council'' (HKTDC).
* '''Japon''': [[JETRO]]
* '''Australia''': Austrade

== Regulation del commercio international ==
Traditionalmente, le [[commercio]] esseva regulate per medio de accordos bilateral inter duo paises. Sub le credentia in le [[mercantilismo]], durante multe seculos le paises imponeva alte tariffas e altere restrictiones sever al commercio international. In le 19e seculo, specialmente in [[Regno Unite|Grande Britannia]], le credentia in le [[libere commercio]] prendeva fortia, e iste perspectiva ha venite a dominar le calculo politic inter le paises occidental usque al actualitate. Depost le fin del [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], varie tractatos multilateral ha tentate crear un structura global de regulation commercial.

Le major parte del paises [[communismo|communista]] e [[socialismo|socialista]] crede in le [[autarchia]], le qual suppone le absentia complete de commercio international e le satisfaction del necessitates economic per medio del autosufficientia. Malgrado iste credentias, tote le paises se involve in alcun typo de commercio international, post que il es multo difficile pro un sol pais satisfacer tote su necessitates economic.

Le necessitate de regular le commercio international nasce del practicas desleal de alcun interprisas multinational pro esser dominante in le industria; iste practicas es le sequente:
* [[Dumping|Le vendita a perdita]]: le vendita a perdita (del anglese ''dumping'') se refere a diminuer le precio de un producto infra su costo de production con le fin de accaparar le mercato.
* Discrimination de precios: se refere a elevar le precios de vendita de un producto pro certe sector socioeconomic e reducer lo pro altere sector socioeconomic con un potentia de compra minor con le fin de vender plus car al classes alte e a precios plus reducite al classes medie e basse.

On ha utilisate varie instrumentos pro manipular le commercio international. Istos include le [[tariffa]], le [[salvaguardias]], le [[quota]]s de [[exportation]] e [[importation]] e le [[barrieras non-tariffari]]. Un componente essential del commercio international es le ''transporto international de mercantias''. Le conditiones e terminos del mesme es regulate per le '''Incoterms'''.

=== Terminos international del commercio (Incoterms) ===
{{AP|Incoterms}}
Le Commission de Practicas Commercial del [[Camera de Commercio International]] developpava lo que on ha venite a appellar ''Incoterms'', [[acronymo]] procedente del expression anglese ''International Commercial Terms''. On pretendeva con illo que, con independentia del nationalitate del partes o del loco geographic de su uso, le implicatos poterea in omne momento saper qual esseva le derectos e obligationes de cata un de illes in un contrato determinate.

Le Incoterms care de tote fortia normative o legal, e obtene lor recognoscimento de lor quotidian e constante uso a nivello mundial, pro lo que, pro que illos sia de application a un contrato determinate, iste debera specificar lo assi.

Le Incoterms contine un total de dece-tres positiones, o typos de clausulas differente, que pote postea, per medio del uso de determinate additiones, modificar se partialmente. In plus, al lunge de lor existentia illos ha suffrite successive cambios e modificationes, pro adaptar los al cambios in le usos commercial, technicas, avantias technologic, etc. Le ultime edition corresponde al anno 2010, que se trova ancora in vigor. Hic ha un lista:

* [[Ex works|EXW]] (ex fabrica): ''Ex Works''
Le venditor compli su obligation un vice que ille pone le mercantia in su establimento (fabrica, taller, magazino, etc.) a disposition del comprador. Non essente per tanto responsabile, ni habente obligation super le carga del mercantia in le vehiculo providite per le comprador, ni alcun altere correspondente a assecurantias, transporto o formalitates doanal del mercantia. Le comprador curre con tote le expensas depost que le mercantia es ponite a su disposition in le loco convenite. Il es importante clarar al comprador le horarios de carga del magazino, data a partir de la qual illes potera realisar le carga, e mesme si le mercantia, o le imballage utilisate, necessitate de alcun mesura o condition de transporto special. Il es le unic Incoterm in le qual le venditor non sdogana le doana de exportation, nonobstante ille debe provider le adjuta e le documentos necesse pro illo.

Existe le possibilitate de contratar un modalitate de EXW CARGATE, in le qual le venditor livra le mercantia e le carga in le camion o medio de transporto inviate per le comprador.

* [[Free carrier|FCA]] (franco transportista): ''Free Carrier''

Le venditor ha complite su obligationes quando ille ha depositate le mercantia, ja sdoganate pro exportation, a cargo del transportista nominate per le comprador, in le loco o puncto fixate pro illo.

* [[Free alongside ship|FAS]] (franco al latere del nave): ''Free Alongside Ship''
Le venditor ha complite su obligationes quando ille ha depositate le mercantia al latere del nave, super kais o [[barca]] (attention al usos e costumes del porto, o del sector, assi como al characteristicas technicas del porto de carga pro evitar supercostos), in le porto de imbarcamento convenite, supportante tote le riscos e expensas usque a iste momento. In le version 2000, le venditor curre con le obligation de sdoganar le doana de exportation. Le comprador curre, a partir de iste momento, con tote le costos e riscos del mercantia. Iste position de INCOTERM solmente pote esser usate in transporto maritime, fluvial o lacustre. Illo sole esser accompaniate del porto de carga seligite, per exemplo FAS CARTAGENA (ESPANIA).

* [[Free on board|FOB]] (franco a bordo): ''Free On Board''
Le venditor ha complite su obligationes quando le mercantia, ja sdoganate pro exportation, ha surpassate le latere del nave designate, in le porto de imbarcamento convenite, supportante tote le riscos e expensas usque a iste momento. Le comprador curre, a partir de iste momento, con tote le costos e riscos del mercantia. Iste position de INCOTERM solmente pote esser usate in transporto maritime, fluvial o lacustre. Illo sole esser accompaniate del porto de carga seligite, per exemplo FOB CARTAGENA (ESPANIA). In le version 2000, in le FOB STIVATE illo debe esser pactate expressemente per le partes como remane le reparto de expensas e riscos del stivage e ligage del mercantias.

* [[Cost and freight|CFR]] (costo e frecto): ''Cost And Freight''
Le venditor debe pagar le costos e le frecto necesse pro facer arrivar le mercantia al porto de destino convenite, lo que include tote le expensas de exportation, sdoganamento incluse. Nonobstante le risco de perdita o damno del mercantia, assi como qualque altere expensa additional occurrite depost que le mercantia ha surpassate le latere del nave curre per conto del comprador. Equalmente curre per conto de iste le expensas de discarga in le porto de destino, (ben que il ha alcun exceptiones a iste regula). Illo sole esser accompaniate del porto de destino seligite, per exemplo CFR CARTAGENA (ESPANIA). Iste position de INCOTERM solmente pote esser usate in transporto maritime, fluvial o lacustre.

* [[Cost, insurance and freight|CIF]] (costo, assecurantia e frecto): ''Cost, Insurance and Freight''
Le venditor ha le mesme obligationes que in le amonta anterior, CFR, sed in plus include sub su cargo e responsabilitate le contratation del assecurantia e le pago del premio correspondente durante le transporto del mercantias. Il ha que destaccar que iste assecurantia solmente ha obligation de esser de &quot;cobertura minime&quot;, si on desira major cobertura illo debera esser pactate expressemente. Il ha que clarar que le risco continua esser per conto del comprador depost que le mercantia crucia le latere del nave, sed que le venditor ha le obligation de contratar le assecurantia al qual nos ha facite referentia. Iste position de INCOTERM solmente pote esser usate in transporto maritime, fluvial o lacustre. Illo sole esser accompaniate del porto de destino seligite, per exemplo CIF CARTAGENA (ESPANIA). In le version 2000, in le CIF STIVATE illo debe esser pactate expressemente per le partes como remane le reparto de expensas e riscos del stivage e ligage del mercantias. Equalmente es necesse iste specification expresse de costos e riscos pro le CIF DISCARGATE (LANDED).

* [[Carriage paid to|CPT]] (transporto pagate usque a): ''Carriage Paid To''
Le venditor debe pagar le costos e le frecto del transporto necesse pro facer arrivar le mercantia al puncto de destino convenite, lo que include tote le expensas e licentias de exportation, sdoganamento incluse. Nonobstante le risco de perdita o damno del mercantia, assi como qualque altere expensa additional occurrite depost que le mercantia ha essite livrate al transportista curre per conto del comprador. Equalmente curre per conto de iste le expensas de discarga, ben que con alcun exception, in le puncto de destino.

Il pote esser usate con qualcun modo de transporto, incluse le multimodal.

* [[Carriage and insurance paid|CIP]] (transporto e assecurantia pagate usque a): ''Carriage And Insurance Paid to''
Le venditor ha le mesme obligationes que in le section anterior, CPT, sed in plus illo include sub su cargo e responsabilitate le contractation del assecurantia e le pagamento del prima correspondente durante le transporto del mercantias. Nos debe indicar que iste assecurantia solmente ha le obligation de esser de &quot;cobertura minime&quot;; si on desira un major cobertura, illo debera esser pactate expressemente. Il es anque necessari clarificar que le risco continua esser a cargo del comprator depost que le mercantia es livrate al transportista, sed que le venditor ha le obligation de contractar le assecurantia al qual nos ha facite referentia. Iste position de INCOTERM pote esser usate in qualcun typo de transporto, incluse le multimodal.

* [[Delivered at frontier|DAF]] (livration al frontiera): ''Deliver At Frontier''
Le venditor compli su obligation de livration quando illo ha livrate le mercantia vacuate de doana de exportation, in le puncto e loco convenite del frontiera, puncto que como regula general defini le Autoritate Doanal del pais, sed ante le doana frontieral del pais adjacente. Le venditor assume le expensas e le risco usque al momento del livration, e le comprator depost le reception del mercantia. Habitualmente illo es usate pro transporto terrestre, ferrovia e strata, sed nihil impedi que illo pote esser usate con le restantes. Il es multo importante verificar que le Doana designate es preparate e habilitate pro evacuar nostre mercantia. Equalmente il es interessante specificar qual del doanas es le seligite, pro evitar que illo pote esser qualcun doana inter le duo paises.

* DES (livration super nave): ''Delivered Ex Ship''
Le venditor compli su obligation de livration quando illo placa le mercantia a bordo del nave, in le porto de distino accordate a disposition del comprator, jam vacuate de doana de exportation. Le venditor assume le expensas e le risco usque al momento del livration (nave attraccate e parate pro discarga), e le comprator depost le reception del mercantia. Solmente illo es usate pro transporto maritime, fluvial o lacustre. Habitualmente illo es accompaniate del porto de distino seligite, per exemplo DES CARTAGENA (SPAIN).

* DEQ (livrate in muelle): ''Delivered Ex Quay''
Le venditor compli su obligation de livration quando illo placa le mercantia super le muelle del porto de distino accordate, a disposition del comprator. In le INCOTERMS 2000 dispare le obligation de evacuar de doana de importation per parte del venditor, e isto debe esser pactate per le partes expressemente. Le venditor assume le expensas e le risco usque al momento del livration (excepte pacto expresse). Solmente illo es usate pro transporto maritime, fluvial o lacustre. Habitualmente illo es accompaniate del porto de distino seligite, per exemplo DEQ CARTAGENA (SPAIN). On pote excluder, mediante pacto expresse e indicante lo assi in le INCOTERM, determinate conceptos del pagamento per le venditor, passante a esser pagate per le comprator (DEQ CARTAGENA, VAT UNPAID). Il es interessante specificar que passarea si per causas de fortia major on non poterea realisar le discarga in le puncto indicate, per exemplo vaga, catastrophe, etc.

* [[DDU (Incoterm)|DDU]] (livration derectos non pagate): ''Delivered Duty Unpaid''
Le venditor compli su obligation de livration quando illo placa le mercantia in le puncto de distino accordate, a disposition del comprator, jam vacuate de doana de exportation. Le venditor assume le expensas e le risco usque al momento del livration. Illo pote esser utilisate con independentia del medio de transporto seligite. Habitualmente illo es accompaniate del loco de distino seligite, per exemplo DDU CARTAGENA (SPAIN). On pote includer, mediante pacto expresse e indicante lo assi in le INCOTERM, determinate conceptos intra le pagamentos a realisar per le venditor, cessante tunc de esser pagate per le comprator. DDU, VAT PAID, CARTAGENA. (SPAIN).

* DDP (livration derectos pagate): ''Delivered Duty Paid''
Le venditor compli su obligation de livration quando illo placa le mercantia in le puncto de distino accordate, a disposition del comprator, jam vacuate de doana de exportation e importation, e con tote le expensas pagate. Le venditor assume le expensas e le risco usque al momento del livration. Illo pote esser utilisate con independentia del medio de transporto seligite. Habitualmente illo es accompaniate del loco de distino seligite, per exemplo &quot;DDP CARTAGENA (SPAIN)&quot;. On pote excluder, mediante pacto expresse e indicante lo assi in le Incoterm, determinate conceptos del pagamentos a realisar per le venditor, e illos cessa tunc de esser pagate per iste, e passa a esser pagate per le comprator: DDP, VAT UNPAID, CARTAGENA. (SPAIN).


== Commercio international e nove technologias ==
Le nove technologias facilita in grande mesura le operativa del commercio exterior. Le systemas informatic e de gestion permitte facer le sequimento del invios, acceder a tote le datos relevante de un container o gruppage in distino e compartir e administrar le documentation necessari de forma facile. Existe platteformas informatic que permitte facer tote le demerches de gestion per parte del exportatores, importatores e organismos public. Un bon exemplo de iste integration de systemas es le [[Siscomex|SISCOMEX]] de Brasil, centrate in le gestion del exportationes.

Le commercio international es anque fomentate per le major facilitate de trovar clientes in le exterior, gratias al major portata del portales corporative in Internet. Anque adjuta le major diffusion del information in Internet con le consolidation e crescentia de motores de recerca de Internet e directorios specialisate.

[[Internet]] es un elemento dinamisator in le internationalisation del interprisas. Anque illo adjuta in le elaboration de analyses de mercatos, non solmente per le accesso a information editate relevante, sed per le possibilitates que illo offere de studio directe de mercato a transverso de nove platteformas como le retes social. Portales como Facebook o Twitter ha milliones de usatores, e comencia studiar le forma de utilisar statisticamente tote le information que le usatores adde in lor portales. Iste information parla multo de variabiles sociologic, pois que on ha datos statistic normal, e opiniones e messages directe, assi como interrelationes inter usatores. Le possibilitates que offere tote iste information es multo interessante ab le puncto de vista statistic, de intention de compra e econometric.

== Le balancia de pagos ==
{{AP|Balancia de pagos}}
Le balancia de pagos es le instrumento contable que informa del transactiones de un pais con le resto del mundo. Illo se defini como le documento contable que registra systematicamente le importe de tote le operationes commercial e financiari que ha loco durante un certe periodo de tempore inter le residentes del pais e los del resto del mundo. Quando in le balancia de pagos le entratas supera le expensas, on dice que illo es excedentari, anque cognoscite como superavit. Quando in le balancia de pagos le entratas es minor que le expensas, on dice que illo es deficitari etc.

Quando un pais ha un balancia de pagos deficitari, on dice que su debita externe se incrementa, e in le caso contrari, on dice que le pais ha un superavit o excedente financiari international.

== Vide anque ==
* [[Economia international]]
* [[Internationalisation productive]]
* [[Commercio juste]]
* [[Opportunitate commercial]]
* [[Organisation Mundial del Commercio]]
* [[Federation de Associationes de Commercio International]]

{{Referentias}}

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'''''Nos''''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Мы|translit=My}}) es un romance [[dystopia|dystopic]] per le scriptor russe [[Yevgeny Zamyatin]] (sovente anglicisate como Eugene Zamiatin) que esseva scripte in 1920–1921.&lt;ref&gt;[[#Translations|Brown]], p. xi, citante Shane, da 1921. Russell, p. 3, data le prime skeleto a 1919.&lt;/ref&gt; Illo esseva publicate pro le prime vice como un traduction anglese per [[Gregory Zilboorg]] in 1924 per [[E. P. Dutton]] in New York. Le texto original russe esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 1952; le romance non esseva publicate in le Russia sovietic usque 1988. Le romance describe un mundo de harmonia e conformitate intra un unite [[totalitarianismo|stato totalitari]], contra le qual le protagonista, D-503 ({{langx|ru|Д-503}}), se rebella.

Le libro es considerate un chef-d'ovre litterari assi como un del plus grande e influente operas del seculo 20. Illo influentiava le emergentia del dystopia como un [[genere litterari]]. [[George Orwell]] diceva que ''[[Brave New World]]'' (1931) de [[Aldous Huxley]] debe esser partialmente derivate de ''Nos'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Orwell |first1=George |title=Review of ''WE'' by E. I. Zamyatin |journal=Tribune |date=4 January 1946 |location=London |url=https://www.orwell.ru/library/reviews/zamyatin/english/ |via=Orwell.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; ben que Huxley negava isto. Le proprie ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' (1949) e ''[[Animal Farm]]'' de Orwell esseva anque inspirate per ''Nos'', como lo es multe altere romances dystopic contemporanee.&lt;ref name=&quot;orwell&quot;/&gt;

== Scenario ==
''Nos'' es situate in le futuro distante. D-503, un ingeniero de astronaves, vive in le Stato Unic,&lt;ref name=&quot;One State&quot;&gt;Le traductiones de Ginsburg e Randall usa le phrase &quot;Stato Unic&quot;. Guerney usa &quot;Le Stato Unic&quot;—cata parola es [[majuscule]]. Brown usa le parola unic &quot;StatoUnic&quot;, le qual ille appella &quot;fede&quot; (p. xxv). Zilboorg usa &quot;Stato Unite&quot;. Tote istos es traductiones del phrase ''Yedinoye Gosudarstvo'' (russe: Единое Государство).&lt;/ref&gt; un nation urban construite quasi integremente de [[vitro]] (presumibilemente pro assister con le [[vigilantia de massa]]). Le structura del stato es simile a un [[Panopticon]], e le vita es basate super le principios de gestion scientific de [[Frederick Winslow Taylor]]. Le societate es dirigite centralmente per un potentia cognoscite como le Benefactor, e es regulate secundo un horario stricte—le personas marcha in passo le unes con le alteres e es uniformate. Il non ha alcun modo de referer se al personas excepte per lor designationes date (nominate 'numeros' in le romance.) Le societate in le qual ''Nos'' es situate usa logica mathematic e ration pro su programmation e como justification pro su actiones.&lt;ref&gt;George Orwell per Harold Bloom pg 54 Editor: Chelsea House Pub {{ISBN|978-0791094280}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Zamyatin's We: A Collection of Critical Essays'' per Gary Kern pgs 124, 150 Editor: Ardis {{ISBN|978-0882338040}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le comportamento del individuo es basate super le logica per medio de formulas e equationes delineate per le Stato Unic.&lt;ref&gt;The Literary Underground: Writers and the Totalitarian Experience, 1900–1950 pgs 89–91 Per John Hoyles Palgrave Macmillan; Prime edition (15 de junio 1991) {{ISBN|978-0-312-06183-8}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=5_zBJ7rd--0C&amp;pg=PA89]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Temas major ==
=== Societate dystopian ===
Le societate dystopian depicte in ''Nos'' es presidite per le Benefactor e es circumdate per un gigante Muro Verde pro separar le citatanos del natura primitive non domate.&lt;ref&gt;Traduction de Ginsburg. Iste termino es anque traducite como &quot;Ben-Factor&quot;.{{Citation needed|date=februario 2008}} ''Benefactor'' traduce ''Blagodetel'' (russe: Благодетель).&lt;/ref&gt; Tote le citatanos es cognoscite como &quot;numeros&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Traduction de Ginsburg. ''Numeros'' traduce ''nomera'' (russe: номера). Isto es traducite per Natasha Randall como &quot;cyphras&quot; in le edition de 2006 publicate per The Modern Library, New York.&lt;/ref&gt; Cata hora in le vita de un persona es dirigite per le &quot;Tabula de Horas&quot;. Le action de ''Nos'' occurre in alcun tempore post le Guerra de Duo Cento Annos, que ha eliminate tote salvo &quot;0,2 [20%] del population del terra&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Quinte Entrata (traduction de Ginsburg, p. 21).&lt;/ref&gt; Le guerra esseva super un substantia rar solmente mentionate in le libro per medio de un metaphora; le substantia esseva appellate &quot;pan&quot; proque le &quot;christianos gladiaba super illo&quot; — como le christianos occidite pro sport in le joci de gladiatores roman como un forma de devertimento, &quot;pan e circos&quot;, suggerente un guerra que esseva intendite pro distraher le population de un usurpation de poter per le governamento. Le guerra finiva solmente post le uso de armas de destruction massive, de modo que le Stato Unic es circumdate per un paisage post-apocalyptic.

===Allusiones e referentias===
[[File:Ib-lenin1b.PNG|thumb|Le ''[[Lenin (quebra-glacie de 1916)|St. Alexander Nevsky]]'', que esseva renominate ''Lenin'' post le [[Revolution Russe (1917)|Revolution Russe]]]]
Multe del nomines e numeros in ''Nos'' es allusiones al experientias de Zamyatin o al cultura e litteratura. &quot;Auditorium 112&quot; refere al cellula numero 112, ubi Zamyatin esseva imprisionate duo vices, e le nomine de S-4711 es un referentia al numero de [[Aqua de Colonia]] [[4711 (marca)|4711]].&lt;ref&gt;Randall, p. xvii.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ermolaev.&lt;/ref&gt; Zamyatin, qui laborava como [[architecto naval]], refere al specificationes del [[quebra-glacie]] ''[[Lenin (quebra-glacie de 1916)|St. Alexander Nevsky]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Shane, p 12.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Le numeros [.. .] del personages principal in NOS es prendite directemente del specificationes del quebra-glacie favorite de Zamyatin, le Saint Alexander Nevsky, numero de chantier A/W 905, tonnage ronde 3300, ubi O–90 e I-330 divide appropriatemente le infortunate D-503 [.. .] Yu-10 poterea facilemente derivar del numeros de chantier de Swan Hunter de non minus de tres del quebra-glacies major de Zamyatin – 1012, 1020, 1021 [.. .]. R-13 pote esser trovate hic tamben, assi como in le numero de chantier de ''[[Svyatogor (quebra-glacie)|Sviatogor]]'' A/W 904.&lt;ref name=&quot;Myers&quot;&gt;Myers.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tote iste quebra-glacies esseva construite in Anglaterra, in Newcastle e chantiers vicin; il ha tracias de mi travalio in cata un de illos, specialmente le Alexander Nevsky—ora le Lenin; io faceva le designo preliminar, e post illo necun del designos del vascello arrivava in le officina sin haber essite verificate e signate:
&lt;br /&gt;'Inspector chef del construction de quebra-glacies russe' E. Zamiatin.&quot; [Le signatura es scripte in anglese.] (Zamyatin ([1962]))&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Multe comparationes al Biblia existe in ''Nos''. Il ha similitudes inter le [[Libro de Genese|Genese]] Capitulos 1–4 e ''Nos'', ubi le Stato Unic es considerate le [[Paradyso]], D-503 es [[Adam]] e I-330 es [[Eva]]. Le serpente in iste obra es S-4711, qui es describite como habente un forma curvate e tortuose, con un &quot;corpore de duple curvatura&quot;; ille es un agente duple. Referentias a Mephistopheles (in le Mephi) es vidite como allusiones a [[Satan]] e su rebellion contra le [[Cielo]] in le Biblia (Ezechiel 28:11–19; Isaias 14:12–15).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ezekiel 28:11 - 28:19 |url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Ezekiel-28-11_28-19/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=www.kingjamesbibleonline.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Isaiah 14:12 - 14:15 |url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Isaiah-14-12_14-15/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=www.kingjamesbibleonline.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Russell, Jeffrey Burton. ''Mephistopheles: The devil in the modern world''. Cornell University Press, 1990.&lt;/ref&gt; Le romance pote esser considerate un critica del religion organisate date iste interpretation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gregg&quot;&gt;Gregg.&lt;/ref&gt; Zamyatin, influentiate per ''[[Memorias del subsolo]]'' e ''[[Le fratres Karamazov]]'' de [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], faceva del romance un critica del excessos de un societate militantemente atheista.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gregg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Curve of the Sacred: An Exploration of Human Spirituality|publisher=Editions Rodopi BV|isbn=978-90-420-2031-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hpXf4r_Zg68C&amp;pg=PA20 |author=Constantin V. Ponomareff|author2=Kenneth A. Bryson |year=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le romance monstrava un deute al dystopia de [[H. G. Wells]] ''[[Quando le dormiente se evelia]]'' (1899).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of Utopianism|date=2017|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|page=429}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le romance usa conceptos mathematic symbolicmente. Le astronave de que D-503 supervisa le construction es appellate le ''[[Integral]]'', que ille espera &quot;integrara le grandiose equation cosmic&quot;. D-503 mentiona tamben que ille es profundemente disturbate per le concepto del [[Unitate imaginari|radice quadrate de −1]]—que es le base pro le numeros imaginari, post que le imagination ha essite deprecate per le Stato Unic. Le puncto de Zamyatin, probabilemente in vista del governamento sovietic de plus in plus dogmatic de ille tempore, semblarea esser que il es impossibile eliminar tote le rebelles contra un systema. Zamyatin dice isto mesmo via I-330: &quot;Il non ha un revolution final. Le revolutiones es infinite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Ginsburg, Introduction, p. v. Le trentesime entrata ha un passage simile.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Significantia litterari e influentias ==

Insimul con ''[[Le Talon de Ferro]]'' de [[Jack London]], ''Nos'' es generalmente considerate como le gran-patre del genere de [[dystopia]] futuristic satiric. Illo duce le societate industrial moderne a un conclusion extreme, depingente un stato que crede que le [[libere arbitrio]] es le causa del infelicitate, e que le vitas del citatanos debe esser controlate con precision mathematic basate sur le systema de efficientia industrial create per [[Frederick Winslow Taylor]]. Le tentativa sovietic de implementar le taylorismo, ducite per [[Aleksei Gastev]], pote haber influentiate immediatemente le depiction de Zamyatin del Stato Unic.&lt;ref name=&quot;Balies, Kendall&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://monoskop.org/images/1/1c/Bailes_Kendall_A_1977_Alexei_Gastev_and_the_Soviet_Controversy_over_Taylorism_1918-1924.pdf | title=Alexei Gastev and the Soviet Controversy over Taylorism, 1918-24 | publisher=Soviet Studies, vol. XXIX, no. 3, July 1977, pp. 373-94 | access-date=11 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Russia, un societate totalitari dystopian ante Zamyatin esseva describite per [[Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin|Mikhail Saltykov]] in su romance satiric ''[[Le Historia de un Citate]]''. In plus, le idea de Saltykov de &quot;Utopia del linea recte&quot; continua in ''Nos'': &quot;Pro distender le curva salvage, pro rectificar lo a un tangente — a un linea recte!&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Peter Petro. ''Beyond History: a Study of Saltykov's The History of a Town''. 1972&lt;/ref&gt;

Christopher Collins in ''Evgenij Zamjatin: An Interpretive Study'' trova le multe aspectos litterari intrigante de ''Nos'' plus interessante e relevante hodie que le aspectos politic:

# Un examine de mytho e symbolo revela que le obra pote esser melior comprendite como un drama interne de un homine moderne in conflicto plus tosto que como un representation de realitate externe in un utopia fallite. Le citate es disponite como un [[mandala]], populate con [[archetypos]] e subjecte a un conflicto archetypal. On se demanda si Zamyatin esseva familiar con le theorias de su contemporaneo [[C. G. Jung]] o si se tracta hic de un caso del zeitgeist europee commun.
# Multe del paisage urban e ideas exprimite in le mundo de ''Nos'' es prendite quasi directemente del operas de [[H. G. Wells]], un popular apostolo de utopia socialista scientific cuje operas Zamyatin habeva redigite in russo.
# In le uso de color e altere imagerie, Zamyatin monstra que ille esseva influentiate per [[Wassily Kandinsky|Kandinsky]] e altere pictores expressionista europee.

Le pauc cognite romance dystopian russe ''[[Amor in le nebula del futuro]]'', publicate in 1924 per Andrei Marsov, ha anque essite comparate con ''Nos''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Academic.ru&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_biography/79077/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2 | title=Марсов, Андрей | publisher=Academic.ru | access-date=1 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[George Orwell]] pretendeva que ''[[Un Felice Mundo Nove]]'' (1932) de [[Aldous Huxley]] debe esser in parte derivate de ''Nos''.&lt;ref&gt;Orwell (1946).&lt;/ref&gt; Tamen, in un littera a Christopher Collins in 1962, Huxley dice que ille scribeva ''Un Felice Mundo Nove'' como un reaction al utopias de H. G. Wells multo ante que ille habeva audite de ''Nos''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Russell, p. 13&quot;&gt;Russell, p. 13.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Kurt Vonnegut]] diceva que in scriber ''[[Player Piano (romance)|Player Piano]]'' (1952), ille &quot;alegremente plagiava le trama de ''Un Felice Mundo Nove'', cuje trama habeva essite alegremente plagiate del ''Nos'' de Yevgeny Zamyatin&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;PLBY-1973&quot; /&gt; ''[[Anthem (novella)|Anthem]]'' (1938) de [[Ayn Rand]] ha multe similitudes significante con ''Nos'' (detallate [[Anthem (novella)#History|hic]]), ben que illo es stylisticamente e thematicamente differente.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Gimpelevich |first=Zina |year=1997 |title='We and 'I' in Zamyatin's ''We'' and Rand's ''Anthem'' |journal=Germano-Slavica |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=13–23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Le romance de [[Vladimir Nabokov]] ''[[Invitation a un decapitation]]'' pote suggerer un societate dystopian con alcun similitudes a illo de Zamyatin; Nabokov legeva ''Nos'' durante que ille scribeva ''Invitation a un decapitation''.&lt;ref&gt;M. Keith Booker, ''The Post-utopian Imagination: American Culture in the Long 1950s''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002 {{ISBN|0313321655}}, p. 50.&lt;/ref&gt;

Orwell comenciava ''[[Mille Novem Cento Octoginta-Quatro]]'' (1949) circa octo menses post que ille legeva ''Nos'' in un traduction francese e scribeva un critica de illo.&lt;ref&gt;Orwell (1946). Russell, p. 13.&lt;/ref&gt; Orwell es reportate como &quot;dicente que ille lo prendeva como le modello pro su proxime romance&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Bowker (p. 340) paraphrasante [[Rayner Heppenstall]].&lt;br /&gt;{{cite book |last=Bowker |first=Gordon |title=Inside George Orwell: A Biography |year=2003 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-23841-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312238414 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Brown scribe que pro Orwell e certe alteres, ''Nos'' &quot;pare haber essite ''le'' experientia litterari crucial&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Brown trans., Introduction, p. xvi.&lt;/ref&gt; Shane declara que &quot;le influentia de Zamyatin sur Orwell es ultra disputa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Shane, p. 140.&lt;/ref&gt; Robert Russell, in un panorama del critica de ''Nos'', conclude que ''1984'' comparti tante characteristicas con ''Nos'' que il non pote haber dubita sur su debita general a illo; sed que il ha un minoritate de criticos qui considera le similitudes inter ''Nos'' e ''Mille Novem Cento Octoginta-Quatro'' como &quot;integramente superficial&quot;. In plus, Russell trova que &quot;le romance de Orwell es e plus desolate e plus topical que illo de Zamyatin, mancante integramente de ille humor ironic que pervade le obra russe&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Russell, p. 13&quot;/&gt;

In ''[[The Right Stuff (libro)|The Right Stuff]]'' (1979), [[Tom Wolfe]] describe ''Nos'' como un &quot;meraviliosemente morose romance del futuro&quot; que presenta un &quot;astronave omnipotente&quot; appellate le ''Integral'' cuje &quot;designator es cognite solmente como 'D-503, Constructor del Integral'&quot;. Wolfe continua usante le ''Integral'' como un metaphora pro le vehiculo de lanceamento sovietic, le programma spatial sovietic, o le Union Sovietic.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Wolfe |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Wolfe |title=The Right Stuff |year=2001 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-38135-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/rightstuff00tomw }} &quot;D-503&quot;: p. 55, 236. &quot;it looked hopeless to try to catch up with the mighty Integral in anything that involved flights in earth orbit.&quot;: p. 215. Wolfe usa le ''Integral'' in plure altere passos.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Jerome K. Jerome]] ha essite citate como un influentia sur le romance de Zamyatin.&lt;ref&gt;Stenbock-Fermor.&lt;/ref&gt; Le novella de Jerome ''The New Utopia'' (1891)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/cultn/cultn014.pdf The New Utopia]. Publicate in ''Diary of a Pilgrimage (and Six Essays)''.[https://archive.org/details/diaryapilgrimag00jerogoog (texto complete)]&lt;/ref&gt; describe un citate futuristic regimentate, de facto un mundo, de [[egalitarismo]] terrifiante, ubi homines e feminas es a pena distinguibile in lor uniformes gris (le &quot;unifs&quot; de Zamyatin) e omnes ha capillos nigre curte, natural o tincte. Nemo ha un nomine: le feminas porta numeros par sur lor tunicas, e le homines porta numeros impare, exactemente como in ''Nos''. Le egalitate es portate a tal extremos que personas con physicos ben disveloppate risca haber membros amputate. In Zamyatin, similarmante, le equalisation de nasos es seriemente proponite. Jerome face que quicunque con un imagination troppo active sia subjecte a un operation de nivellamento — alcosa de importantia central in ''Nos''. Il ha un depiction commun per e Jerome e Zamyatin que le amor individual e, per extension, familial es un fortia disruptive e humanisante. Le operas de Jerome esseva traducite in Russia tres vices ante 1917.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

In 1998, le prime traduction anglese de ''[[Dies Maledicte]]'', un diario tenite in secreto in 1918-20 per le autor russe [[anticommunista]] [[Ivan Bunin]] durante le [[Guerra Civil Russe]] in [[Moscova]] e [[Odessa]], esseva publicate in [[Chicago]]. In un prefacio, le traductor anglese del diario, Thomas Gaiton Marullo, describeva ''Dies Maledicte'' como un exemplo rar de [[non-fiction]] dystopian e signalava multiple parallelos inter le diario secrete tenite per Bunin e le diario tenite per D-503.&lt;ref&gt;''Dies Maledicte'', paginas 23-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Adaptationes ==

=== Filmes ===
Le rete de television german [[ZDF]] adaptava le romance pro un film de television in 1982, sub le titulo german ''[[Wir (film)|Wir]]'' (anglese: ''We'').&lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb title|qid=Q27962552|id=tt0164234|title=Wir}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Nos'' es multo referentiate in le film de fiction scientific de 2023 ''[[1984 (2023 film)|1984]]''.

Le romance ha etiam essite adaptate per Alain Bourret, un director francese, in un curte-metrage appellate ''The Glass Fortress'' (2016).&lt;ref&gt;{{youTube|id=PQ6Au4BzFMQ|title=The Glass Fortress}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Glass Fortress'' es un film experimental que emplea un technica cognoscite como [[still image film|film de imagines static]], e es filmate in [[black-and-white|nigre e blanc]], lo que adjuta a supportar le atmosphera teter del [[Dystopia|societate dystopic]] del historia.&lt;ref name=&quot;SF-20160606&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Wittek |first=Louis |title=The Glass Fortress |url=http://www.scifi4ever.com/cinema-0097-the-glass-fortress.html |date=6 June 2016 |work=SciFi4Ever.com |access-date=12 July 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Le film es technicamente simile a ''[[La Jetée]]'' (1962), dirigite per [[Chris Marker]], e se refere in parte a ''[[THX 1138]]'' (1971), per [[George Lucas]], in le &quot;apparentia religiose del Benfactor&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;CW-20160429&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Erlich |first1=Richard D. |last2=Dunn |first2=Thomas P. |title=The Glass Fortress |url=http://www.clockworks2.org/wiki/index.php?title=THE_GLASS_FORTRESS |date=29 April 2016 |work=ClockWorks2.org |access-date=12 July 2018 |accessdate=10 March 2026 |archivedate=9 March 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260309030708/https://clockworks2.org/wiki/index.php?title=THE_GLASS_FORTRESS }}&lt;/ref&gt; Secundo le critica de cinema [[Sivakumar Vijayan#Career|Isabelle Arnaud]], ''The Glass Fortress'' ha un atmosphera special que sublinea un historia de amor frustrate que essera recordate per longe tempore.&lt;ref name=&quot;UF-2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Arnaud |first=Isabelle |title=The Glass Fortress: Le court métrage |url=http://www.unificationfrance.com/article45501.html |language=fr |date=2018 |work=UnificationFrance.com |access-date=12 July 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Un [[We (unreleased film)|adaptation cinematographic russe]], dirigite per Hamlet Dulyan e con [[Egor Koreshkov]] como protagonista, initialmente planificate pro su lanceamento in 2021,&lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb title|qid=Q86662618|id=tt12518970|title=We}}&lt;/ref&gt; ancora debe esser lantiate.

=== Radio ===
Un adaptation in duo partes per Sean O'Brien e dirigite per Jim Poyser esseva diffundite le 18 e 25 de april 2004 in ''[[Classic Serial]]'' de [[BBC Radio 4]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/9485f713c7e44dacb69bc7d5a36b4a8e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113003600/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/9485f713c7e44dacb69bc7d5a36b4a8e|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 January 2024|title= Classic Serial: We - Episode 1|website=BBC Programme Index|date= 18 April 2004|access-date=12 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le elenco includeva [[Anton Lesser]] como D-503, [[Joanna Riding]] como I-330, Julia Routhwaite como O-90, [[Brigit Forsyth]] como U, Patrick Bridgeman como S e [[Don Warrington]] como R-13.

=== Theatro ===
Le compania de Montreal Théâtre Deuxième Réalité produceva un adaptation del romance in 1996, adaptate e dirigite per [[Alexandre Marine]], sub le titulo ''Nous Autres''.&lt;ref&gt;Articulo super Théâtre Deuxième Réalité e su prime productiones: {{cite journal|url=http://www.erudit.org/culture/jeu1060667/jeu1072106/27651ac.pdf|title=De la lointaine Sibérie: The Emigrants du Théâtre Deuxième Réalité|author=Dennis O'Sullivan|number=77|year=1995|pages=121–125|journal=Jeu: Revue de Théâtre|publisher=érudit.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Musica ===
Le album conceptual de 2016 de [[SubRosa (metal band)|SubRosa]], ''For this We Fought the Battle of Ages'', prende inspiration lyric e thematic del romance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Currin |first1=Grayson |title=SubRosa: For this We Fought the Battle of Ages Album Review |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/22251-for-this-we-fought-the-battle-of-ages/ |website=Pitchfork |access-date=6 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2022, le banda canadian de [[indie rock]] [[Arcade Fire]] lanceava ''[[We (Arcade Fire album)|We]]'', un album cuje titulo esseva inspirate per le romance.&lt;ref name=&quot;theguardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url= https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/may/05/arcade-fire-we-review-goodbye-cod-reggae-hello-stadium-singalongs|last=Petridis|first=Alexis|author-link=Alexis Petridis|date=May 5, 2022|title= Arcade Fire: We review – goodbye cod reggae, hello stadium singalongs|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=May 5, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hereditage==
''Nos'' inspirava directemente:
* ''[[Brave New World|Le munde brave e nove]]'' (1932) de [[Aldous Huxley]]&lt;ref&gt;Blair E. 2007. Literary St. Petersburg: a guide to the city and its writers. Little Bookroom, p.75&lt;/ref&gt; (Disputate per Huxley, vide supra.)
* ''[[Invitation to a Beheading|Invitation a un decollation]]'' (1935–1936) de [[Vladimir Nabokov]]{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}
* ''[[Anthem (novella)|Anthem]]'' (1938) de [[Ayn Rand]]&lt;ref&gt;Mayhew R, Milgram S. 2005. Essays on Ayn Rand's Anthem: Anthem in the Context of Related Literary Works. Lexington Books, p.134&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four|Mille novem centos octanta-quatro]]'' (1949) de [[George Orwell]]&lt;ref name=&quot;orwell&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bowker |first=Gordon |title=Inside George Orwell: A Biography |year=2003 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-23841-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312238414/page/340 340] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312238414/page/340 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* ''[[Player Piano (novel)|Piano automatico]]'' (1952) de [[Kurt Vonnegut]]&lt;ref name=&quot;PLBY-1973&quot;&gt;[http://www.playboy.com/articles/kurt-vonnegut-jr-interview/index.html Redaction (1973). &quot;Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Playboy Interview&quot;. Playboy Magazine] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607145055/http://www.playboy.com/articles/kurt-vonnegut-jr-interview/index.html |date=7 June 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Logan's Run|Le fuga de Logan]]'' (1967) de [[William F. Nolan]] e [[George Clayton Johnson]]{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}
* ''[[This Perfect Day|Iste die perfecte]]'' (1970) de [[Ira Levin]]
* ''[[The Dispossessed|Le desposseditos]]'' (1974) de [[Ursula K. Le Guin]]&lt;ref&gt;Le Guin UK. 1989. The Language of the Night. Harper Perennial, p.218&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Referentias}}

[[Categoria:Novellas russe de 1924]]
[[Categoria:Novellas de fiction scientific de 1924]]
[[Categoria:Censura de libros in le Union Sovietic]]
[[Categoria:Libros censurate]]
[[Categoria:Cosmismo russe]]
[[Categoria:Novellas dystopic]]
[[Categoria:Novellas super astronautas]]
[[Categoria:Novellas super mathematica]]
[[Categoria:Novellas super totalitarianismo]]
[[Categoria:Novellas de Yevgeny Zamyatin]]
[[Categoria:Novellas situate in le futuro]]
[[Categoria:Novellas con narratores non fidedigne]]
[[Categoria:Novellas russe adaptate in filmes]]
[[Categoria:Novellas russe adaptate in pecias de theatro]]
[[Categoria:Novellas russe adaptate in programmas de radio]]
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[[Categoria:Novellas philosophic russe]]
[[Categoria:Novellas de fiction scientific russe]]
[[Categoria:Novellas de fiction scientific adaptate in filmes]]
[[Categoria:Novellas de fiction scientific sovietic]]
[[Categoria:Novellas de realismo magic russe]]</text>
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    <title>Alessandro Manzoni</title>
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'''Alessandro Manzoni''', nascite '''Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Antonio Manzoni''' ([[Milan]]), ([[7 de martio]] [[1785]] – [[Milan]], [[22 de maio]] [[1873]]) esseva un [[scriptor]], [[poeta]] e [[dramaturgo]] [[Italia|italian]], e anque [[Senator del Regno de Italia|senator del Regno de Italia]].

Considerate como un del major romancieros italian de tote le tempo pro le celeberrime romanzo ''[[Le promesse sposes]]'', capite fundamental del [[litteratura italian]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Treccani&quot;&gt;{{Treccani|alessandro-manzoni|Manzóni, Alessandro|accesso=16 januario 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manzoni habeva le merito de haber jectate le bases pro le romanzo moderne e de haber assi promovite le unitate linguistic italian, sur le tracia del litteratura moralmente e civilmente ingajate proprie del [[Illuminismo italian]].

Passate del periodo [[neoclassic]] a illo [[romantismo|romantic]], Manzoni, devenite un fervente catholic de tendentias [[Christianismo liberal|liberal]], lassava un marca indelebile anque in le [[historia del theatro italian]] (pro haber rumpite le tres [[unitates aristotelic]]) e in le poesia, gratias al nascentia del pluralismo vocal con le ''[[Hymnos Sacre]]'' e al disveloppamento del poesia civil.

Le successo e le numerose recognitiones public (ille esseva [[Senator del Regno de Italia|senator del Regno de Italia]]) esseva accompaniate per problemas de sanitate ([[neurosis]], [[agoraphobia]]) e familiar (le numerose mortes que affligeva le vita domestic), que le reduceva a un progressive isolation existential. Nonobstante isto, ille remaneva in contacto per correspondentia con le melior cultura europee, ab [[Goethe]] usque a [[Antonio Rosmini]], subiente anque le influentia de [[Walter Scott]] pro le genere del romanzo historic.

== Biographia ==
=== Origines familiar ===
==== Familia ====
{{Vider anque|Manzoni (familia)}}
[[File:Pietro Manzoni.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Portrait de Pietro Manzoni|Pietro Manzoni, ''Casa Manzoni'', [[Brusuglio]]&lt;ref&gt;{{harvid|Ginzburg|1989|p. 345}}.&lt;/ref&gt;.]]

Per le latere maternal Alessandro Manzoni proveniva del illustre familia del [[Beccaria (familia)|Beccaria]]; le avo esseva [[Cesare Beccaria]], autor del tractato ''[[Dei delitti e delle pene|Del delitos e del penas]]'' e un del principal promotores del [[Illuminismo in Italia|Illuminismo lombard]]. Secundo le mesme Manzoni, ille e su avo se videva solmente un vice, al occasion del visita de su matre al celebre genitor.&lt;ref&gt;Manzoni rememora assi le incontro in {{SfnRef|Fabris|p. 94}}: {{Citation|Io me rememora de haber le vidite un sol vice, e io rememora su figura. Mi matre, ante de poner me in collegio, me duceva a salutar le; e ille iva prender chocolates pro me. Il me pare ancora vider le avo e le armario.}} &lt;/ref&gt; Le parentela con le Beccaria le rendeva insuper cosino distante del scriptor [[scapigliatura|scapigliate]] [[Carlo Dossi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Lioce}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Plus modeste esseva in vice le familia paternal:&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Pro un quadro general del historia del familia Manzoni ab Giacomo (initio del XVI seculo) usque a Alessandro Manzoni, vide: {{Cita testo |autore=Pietro Pensa |titolo=Familia Manzoni: ille ramo del casato |rivista=Broletto |volume=2 |anno=1985 |pagine=62-69 |città=Como |issn=2388-1232 |url=http://pietro.pensa.it |accesso=23 julio 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; don [[Pietro Manzoni|Pietro Antonio Pasino Manzoni]] (1657-1736), le patre de Alessandro, descendeva de un nobile familia de [[Barzio]], in [[Valsassina]], stabilite in [[1612]] in [[Lecco]] (in le localitate de [[Caleotto]]) sequente al matrimonio de [[Giacomo Maria Manzoni]] con Ludovica Airoldi in 1611.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Pensa}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Ben que Pietro Manzoni habeva postea recipite le feudo de [[Cascine di Garbagna Novarese#Moncucco|Moncucco]] in le [[Provincia de Novara|Novarese]] in [[1691]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|http://www.storiadimilano.it/Repertori/cronologia_manzoni.htm|titulo=Chronologia del vita de A. Manzoni e del edificios habitate per ille|accesso=16 januario 2026|autore=Paolo Colussi|editore=Historia de Milano|data=9 april 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Parenti|p. 12}}:{{Citation|Le feudo de Moncucco pertineva al Manzoni, qui lo habeva acquirite del Camera Regia de Milano, con le assenso de Carlo II, rege de Hispania, ja desde le 23 de februario 1691, per opera de Don Pietro Antonio.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Bonfiglioli|p. 8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Casalis|p. 600}}:{{Citation|Moncucco, dependentia de Mirasole in le basse Novarese: se trova super le Arbogna: esseva le signoria del Manzoni del loco de Caleotto in le territorio de Lecco.}}&lt;/ref&gt; e in virtute de isto illes esseva contes, in Milano le titulo non esseva valide proque esseva «estranie».&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{DBI|autore=Piero Floriani|nomeurl=alessandro-manzoni|accesso=16 januario 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infeudazione&quot; group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Alcun autores, como {{Harvnb|de Feo|p. 27}} e {{Harvnb|Bonfiglioli|p. 8}}, reporta 1773 como anno del infeudation de Moncucco al Manzoni: il se tracta de un evidente error chronologic, proque [[Carlo II de Hispania]] habeva morite in 1700 e le Novarese, ante le [[guerra de succession espaniol]], faceva parte del [[Ducato de Milano]], alora sub le egida de [[Madrid]].&lt;/ref&gt; Initialmente don Pietro presentava al govern austriac un requesta official de recognition, ma pois prefereva non insister.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|De Gubernatis|p. 21, nota 4}}.&lt;/ref&gt; In omne caso, quando Roma attribuera multo plus tarde le citatinitate al Manzoni, le titulo comital apparera sur le acto official e sera mantenite per su descendentes.

==== Manzoni e Giovanni Verri ====

Ben que le patre legitim esseva Pietro Manzoni, il es multo probabile que le patre natural de Alessandro esseva un amante de Giulia, [[Giovanni Verri]] (le fratre minor de [[Alessandro Verri|Alessandro]] e [[Pietro Verri]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Tellini|pp. 16-17}}: {{Citation|Le patre natural es tamen Giovanni Verri — ja amante de Giulia desde 1780…}}&lt;/ref&gt; Con Giovanni, un homine attractive e libertin, de dece-septe annos plus vetule que illa, Giulia habeva initiate un relation ja in 1780, continuante la mesmo post le matrimonio.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://archiviostorico.corriere.it |titolo=Verri, Manzoni, Beccaria: tres familias pro Giulia |autore=Giulia Beccaria e Ermanno Paccagnini |editore=Corriere della Sera |data=15 decembre 2001 |accesso=17 januario 2026 |citazione=Accesso limitate per medio de subscription.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Secundo lo que esseva reportate per [[Niccolò Tommaseo]], il pare que Verri esseva le ver patre del scriptor e que iste esseva plenmente al currente: «Anque de Pietro Verri &lt;nowiki&gt;[Manzoni]&lt;/nowiki&gt; ille parla con reverentia, tanto plus que ille sape, e su matre non lo dissimulava, esser le nepote de ille, isto es, le filio de un de su fratres».&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Tommaseo|p. 54}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Le infantia e le adolescentia ===
==== Galbiate e le separation del genitores ====
* {{Cita libro|Gino|Tellini|Manzoni|2007|Salerno Editrice|Roma|ISBN=978-88-8402-572-2|cid=Tellini}}


Alessandro Manzoni&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|De Gubernatis|p. 18, nota 2}}: {{Citation|Al infante esseva imposte le nomines Alessandro, Francesco, Tommaso, Antonio. Le prime nomine esseva illo del patre de Don Pietro, isto es le avo de Manzoni, alora ja morte; le secunde nomine esseva illo del parino Don Francesco Arrigoni. Le nomine Tommaso gli esseva imposte, sin dubita, proque le Ecclesia celebra le 7 de martio Sancto Tommaso. Antonio esseva le nomine de un cosino canonico in San Nazaro; ma illo pote anque esser venite a Manzoni de un madrina Antonietta, circa le qual, tamen, usque nunc nos vermente non sape nihil.}}&lt;/ref&gt; nasceva in Milano, alora parte del [[Imperio Habsburgic]], al numero 20 de via San Damiano&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Tonelli|p. 5}}.&lt;/ref&gt; (correspondente al actual via Visconti di Modrone n.º 16),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.storiadimilano.it/Repertori/cronologia_manzoni.htm|titulo=Chronologia Manzoni|autore=Paolo Colussi|accesso=18 januario 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url = https://www.comune.milano.it/documents/76991511/269691898/36+Via+Visconti+di+Modrone.pdf/b3df31d2-89cc-e78d-dc19-d70c02d850b3?t=1627550354266|titulo = 36 Via Visconti di Modrone|autore = Commune de Milano|sito = comune.milano.it/municipio1|data = 2020|lingua = IT|formato = PDF|p = 2|accesso = 18 januario 2026|title = Archive copy|accessdate = 2026-08-28|archivedate = 2025-11-19|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20251119074522/https://www2.comune.milano.it/documents/76991511/269691898/36+Via+Visconti+di+Modrone.pdf/b3df31d2-89cc-e78d-dc19-d70c02d850b3?t=1627550354266}}&lt;/ref&gt; le 7 de martio 1785, de [[Giulia Beccaria]] e, officialmente, de don [[Pietro Manzoni]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tellini|2007|p. 16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ille passava le prime annos de vita principalmente in le ''[[cascina]] Costa'' de [[Galbiate]], tenite a balia per Caterina Panzeri, un contadina del loco,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Boneschi|p. 172}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tellini|2007|p. 17}}.&lt;/ref&gt; un facto atestate per le placa ancora presente super le edificio. Postea ille passava alcun periodos in le [[Villa Manzoni|villa rustic]] del [[Caleotto]], proprietate del familia paternal, habitation ubi ille amara retornar como adulto e que ille vendera, non sin regretos, in 1818. Sequente le separation del genitores,&lt;ref group=N&gt;Le separation occurreva, legalmente, le 23 de februario 1792; postea, ab 1795 — ma le relation habeva comenciate multo ante, forsan in 1790, anno in que illes pare haber se incontrate — Giulia Beccaria comenciava a cohabitar con le cult e ric [[Carlo Imbonati]], prime in Anglaterra, pois in Francia, a Paris ({{harvnb|Tellini|2007|p. 17}}).&lt;/ref&gt; Manzoni esseva educate in collegios religiose.

==== Le education religiose a Merate e a Lugano ====

[[File:Appiani Giulia Beccaria Alessandro Manzoni.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait de Giulia Beccaria con su filio Alessandro como infante|[[Andrea Appiani]], ''Portrait de Giulia Beccaria e su filio Alessandro Manzoni como infante'', 1790. Le portrait esseva donate per Giulia a Verri, un evento que fortifica le supposite illegitimitate de Alessandro&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Ginzburg|1989|p. 9}}: {{Citation|Le pictor Andrea Appiani faceva un portrait de Giulia con le infante. In le portrait, Giulia es vestite como amazona. Illa ha un facie dure, ossee e fatigate. Illa reguarda in le vacuo. Nulle teneressa visibile verso ille infante que se appoia al su geniculo. Le infante ha quatro annos. Giulia donava le portrait a Giovanni Verri.}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Le 13 de octobre 1791&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.casadelmanzoni.it/content/la-vita|titulo=Chronologia del vita e del obras de Alessandro Manzoni|accesso=18 januario 2026|editore=Casa del Manzoni|data=2014|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011153809/http://www.casadelmanzoni.it/content/la-vita|dataarchivio=11 octobre 2015|urlmorto=sì}}&lt;/ref&gt; ille esseva accompagnate per su matre a [[Merate]] al collegio San Bartolomeo del [[Somaschi]], ubi ille remaneva durante cinque annos. Esseva un periodo dur; le parve Alessandro pativa del absentia de su matre&lt;ref group=N&gt;Manzoni rememorava sempre como su matre, pro facilitar le separation de su filio, se retirava clandestinmente profittante de un momento de distraction de ille (vide: {{harvnb|Trombatore 1957|p. 250}}).&lt;/ref&gt; e suffreva del relation difficile tanto con su companiones de schola, violente,&lt;ref group=N&gt;Inter le motivos de derision poteva esser anque ille forma de [[balbutiation]] que comenciava a manifestar se precisemente durante ille annos (vide: {{harvnb|Trombatore 1957|pp. 250-251}}).&lt;/ref&gt; como con le docentes, qui le puniva frequentemente.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tonelli|p. 9}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Le litteratura in ille annos esseva ja pro ille un consolation e un passion: durante le recreation, le scriptor contara, «…io me claudeva &lt;nowiki&gt;[…]&lt;/nowiki&gt; in un camera, e ibi io componeva versos».&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Fabris|p. 86}}.&lt;/ref&gt; In april 1796 ille passava al [[Ecclesia de Sant'Antonio Abate (Lugano)|collegio de Sant'Antonio]] a [[Lugano]], ancora gerite per le Somaschi, pro remaner ibi usque a septembre 1798.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; In le mesme 1796 arrivava al [[laco de Lugano]] le somasco [[Francesco Soave]], celebre erudito e pedagogista; ben que il sia completemente improbabile que Manzoni le habeva como maestro (excepto forsan pro alcun dies), su figura exerceva super le infante un notabile influentia.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Trombatore 1957|p. 252}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Vetule e proxime al morte, le autor de ''[[Le promesse sposes]]'' rememorava: «Io amava le patre Soave, e me pareva vider circa su capite un aureola de gloria».&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Fabris|p. 95}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Al fin de 1798 ille passava al collegio Longone de Milano, gerite per le [[Barnabitas]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Tonelli|p. 15}}.&lt;/ref&gt; e postea se transferiva a [[Castellazzo de' Barzi]], ubi le instituto habeva stabilite provisoriamente su sede a causa del manovras bellic,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; pro pois retornar le 7 de augusto [[1799]] a Milano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Il non es clar quanto tempore le adolescente remaneva presso le Barnabitas; le hypothese plus acceptate le considera alumno del schola usque a junio [[1801]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tonelli|p. 16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nonobstante le isolation al qual ille esseva fortiate per le ambiente clause e bigot, Alessandro succedeva a establir alcun amicitias durabile, como illas con le companiones de classe Giulio Visconti e [[Federico Confalonieri]]. Un die non precisate del anno scholastic 1800-1801, pois, le escolares recipeva un visita que suscitava in le juvene Alessandro un grande emotion: le arrivata de [[Vincenzo Monti]], que ille legeva avidemente e considerava le plus grande poeta vivente, «esseva pro ille como un apparition de un Deo».&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carcano|pp. 7-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;


==== Le formation cultural ====
[[File:VincenzoMonti.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Portrait de Vincenzo Monti|[[Andrea Appiani]], ''Portrait de Vincenzo Monti'', [[Pictura a oleo|oleo]] super [[Pictura super tela|tela]], 1809, [[Pinacotheca de Brera]].]]

Le formation cultural de Manzoni es imbibite de mythologia e litteratura latin, como appare clarmente del poemas adolescent. Duo autores classic, in particular, es su preferitos, [[Virgilio]] e [[Horatio]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Tellini|2007|p. 18}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ma notabile es anque le influentia de [[Dante]] e [[Petrarca]];&lt;ref&gt;In le sonetto ''A le Musa'', Manzoni enumera Dante e Petrarca como glorias poetic ({{harvnb|Trombatore 1961|p. 198}}).&lt;/ref&gt; inter le contemporaneos, tamen, insimul con Monti, [[Giuseppe Parini|Parini]] e [[Vittorio Alfieri|Alfieri]] ha un rol importante.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Fabris|p. 86}}: {{Citation|Ille die io recitava pro me le ''Caduta'' de Parini; e, post sortir del camera, io recipeva le noticia que Parini habeva morite: e illo esseva un del impressiones le plus forte e dolorose de mi vita.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tonelli|p. 18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Trombatore 1957|p. 286}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Langella|p. 14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si on exclude le precedente exercitios de stilo,&lt;ref group=N&gt;Manzoni comenciava a scriber versos al etate de nove annos ({{harvnb|Fabris|p. 94}}.)&lt;/ref&gt; su prime experientias poetic remonta al medietate de 1801, quando ille comenciava a rediger ''[[Del trionfo della libertà|Del triumpho del libertate]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Trombatore 1957|pp. 270-271}}.&lt;/ref&gt; in le qual on pote relevar un vena satiric e polemic que habera un rol non negligibile in le Manzoni adolescente, ben que illa ja se mitigara al medietate del decennio. Nos possede anque le traductiones, in endecasillabos non-rimate, de alcun partes del libro quinte del ''[[Eneide]]'' e del ''[[Satiras (Horatio)|Satira]]'' tertie (libro prime) de Horatio, junto a un epigramma mutilate in le qual ille attacca un certe fra' Volpino que, sub un false apparentia, representa le vice-rector del collegio patre Gaetano Volpini.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Giordano|p. 45}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Un juvene dissolute ====

[[File:Manzoni a Venezia.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Lapide commemorative de Manzoni a Venesia|Lapide in memoria de Manzoni a Venesia, Campo San Maurizio, Palazzo Bellavite.]]

Sortite del mundo anguste del Longone, ab le estate de 1801 usque a 1805 ille viveva con su patre ancian, alternante le sojornos in le tenuta de [[Caleotto]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; con le vita urban.&lt;ref&gt;Don Pietro resideva, insimul con un soror ex-monaca e un avunculo monsignor, presso [[Porta Vittoria (Milano)|Porta Tosa]] ({{harvnb|Carcano|p. 8}}).&lt;/ref&gt; Durante ille periodo ille frequentava le ambiente illuministic del aristocratia e del alte burguesia milanese, dedicante un grande parte de su tempore al divertimento e in particular al joco de hasard; ille jocava in le [[Ridotto (teatro)|ridotto]] del [[Teatro alla Scala]] usque a que, secundo lo que pare, un reproche de Monti le convinceva a renunciar al vitio.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Momigliano|p. 5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Illo esseva anque le epocha de su prime amor, illo pro Luigina Visconti, soror de [[Ermes Visconti|Ermes]]; de iste experientia nos sape lo que le poeta ipse revelava in 1807 in un littera a [[Claude Fauriel]]: a [[Genova]], in facto, ille la habeva casualmente revistate, ja maritate al marchese [[Gian Carlo Di Negro]], e le episodio habeva despertate in ille le nostalgia e le displacer de haberla perdite.&lt;ref&gt;«''Je vous ai peut-être dejà conté que j'eus dans mon adolescence (1801), une très-forte et très-pure passion pour une jeune fille''», ille scribeva le 19 de martio 1807 a Fauriel, «[…] ''Ce qui me donne un peu de torture, c'est la pensée que c'est un peu de ma faute que je l'ai perdue''» (forsan io vos ha ja dicite que io habeva, in le adolescentia, un passion multo forte e pure pro un puella […] Lo que me tormenta un pauc es pensar que, si io la ha perdite, es in parte mi culpa). Vide: {{harvnb|Sforza|p. 33}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Ultra iste divertimentos, le juventute de Manzoni es anque marcate per un sojorno a [[Venezia]] (de octobre 1803 a maio 1804&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Tellini|2007|p. 19}}.&lt;/ref&gt;) apud su cosino Giovanni Manzoni. Durante iste periodo ille habeva le occasion de cognoscer le nobildonna [[Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi]], que in un tempore esseva musa de [[Foscolo]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; e de scriber tres del quatro ''[[Opere de Alessandro Manzoni|Sermones]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tellini|2007|pp. 37 e ss.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le motivo del sojorno venetian non es clar, del qual Alessandro conservava anque in su etate avanzate un rememoration multo belle,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Venosta|p. 55}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma il non pare haber habite rationes politic, sed plus tosto le desiro del patre de allontanar le de un stilo de vita dissipate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

==== Le Milano illuministic ====

[[File:Manzoni 1805.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait de Alessandro Manzoni in 1805|Anonime anglese, ''Alessandro Manzoni in 1805'', oleo super tela, actualmente in le [[Casa Manzoni]] de via del Morone, [[Milano]]. [[Natalia Ginzburg]], con multe probabilitate, describe iste portrait, quando illa scribe: «Alibi ille ha un dense crin disordinate, le oculos nubilose e sembla [[Ugo Foscolo]]»&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Ginzburg|1989|p. 23}}.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Le complacentia neoclassic del tempore inspirava a ille le prime compositiones de un certe relieve, modulate super le obra de Vincenzo Monti, idol literari del momento; ultra ille, Manzoni se volveva a Parini, portavoz del ideales [[illuministas]] e del necessitate de moralisation, al poeta [[Ugo Foscolo]], a [[Francesco Lomonaco]], un exiliate [[Basilicata|lucano]],&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Trombatore 1957|p. 277}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=N&gt;Le relation con Lomonaco esseva bastante proxime. Si Manzoni monstrava haber grande estima pro ille, Lomonaco includeva como epigraphe a su ''Vite del excellentes Italianos'' le [[sonetto]] manzonian ''Pro le vita de Dante'' de 1802. A dece-septe annos, dunque, le juvene poeta videva pro le prime vice un proprie texto publicate ({{harvnb|Tellini|2007|pp. 52-53, nota 5}}).&lt;/ref&gt; e a [[Vincenzo Cuoco]], defensor del theorias [[Giambattista Vico|vichian]],&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tellini|2007|pp. 18-19}}.&lt;/ref&gt; anque ille exiliate de Napoles post le restauration bourbonic de 1799 e considerate le «prime ver maestro de Manzoni».&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Langella|p. 16}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Le proximitate al ambiente neoclassic, e in particular a su campion Vincenzo Monti, incitava le juvene a frequentar alcun cursos de eloquentia date per le poeta romagnol al [[universitate de Pavia]] inter 1802 e 1803.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; In le registratores del atheneo le nomine de Alessandro non appare, ma il es quasi certe que ille sequeva le lectiones montian.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ultra le cognoscite admiration pro Monti e le opinion de illustre studiosos,&lt;ref&gt;De iste idea, per exemplo, {{harvnb|Piumati|p. 3}} e {{|De Gubernatis|p. 60}}.&lt;/ref&gt; le hypothese pare esser confirmate per le correspondentia del periodo. Le correspondentes de Manzoni, in facto, es quasi omnes studentes (o ex-studentes) del universitate, ab [[Andrea Mustoxidi]] a [[Giovan Battista Pagani]], ab Ignazio Calderari a [[Ermes Visconti]] e a Luigi Arese.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Arese e Pagani esseva ja amicos de Manzoni desde le tempore del Collegio Longone ({{harvnb|Nigro|p. 3}}). Concernente le figuras de Luigi Arese e Ignazio Calderari, {{harvnb|Sforza|p. 5, n. 3 e 5}} presenta le sequente retratos: «Le conte Luigi Arese Lucini de Milano, de qui Manzoni parla plure vices e con calidissime affection in su litteras. Il habeva le disgrazia de perder su patre in le flor del etate, e de cader in le manos de intrigantes, qui le haberea spoliato, si ille spontanee le 5 de julio 1805 non se habeva messe sub le tutela del doctor Gaetano Garbagnati, renunciante al administration de su proprie substantias. Le 1 de septembre 1806 ille faceva testamento; ille instituiva como heredes le fratres; ille legava le horologio de auro a Giovambattista Pagani» (n. 3); «Le conte Ignazio Calderari, un altere del amicos juvene del Nostre; qui le adresseva varie litteras [...] Nasceva in 1793; moriva in decembre 1838» (n. 4).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tonelli|p. 25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le contexto academic le poneva anque in contacto con duo professores [[jansenistas]], [[Giuseppe Zola (teologo)|Giuseppe Zola]] e [[Pietro Tamburini]], docentes respectivemente de «historia del leges e del costumes» e de «philosophia moral, jure natural e public»;&lt;ref group=N&gt;Pro un analyse general de Tamburini e Zola, vide: Paola Vismara, ''Pietro Tamburini e le &quot;despotismo pontifical&quot;'', in {{harvnb|Negruzzo|pp. 95-114}}; Annibale Zambarbieri, ''Le gusto del historia. Giuseppe Zola al initio de su docencia pavian'', in {{harvnb|Negruzzo|pp. 115-132}}.&lt;/ref&gt; lor ideas in defensa del moral le influentiava profundemente, introducente le pro le prime vice al pensamento jansenista. Tamburini condemnava le [[Curia roman|Curia roman]] pro su deformationes, ma videva in le catholicismo un modello indispensabile. Pro le elevatezza de su dissertationes, ille pareva a Manzoni un puncto de referentia al pari de Zola, definite «supreme» in un littera a Pagani del 6 de septembre 1804.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sforza|p. 9}}; le epiteto esseva exprimite in occasion de un ''Sermon'' componite alcun menses antea a Venesia. Manzoni precava su amico de submitter lo al judicio de Zola.&lt;/ref&gt; Del puncto de vista literari, a iste periodo pertine ''[[Del trionfo della libertà|Del triumpho del libertate]]'', ''[[Opere di Alessandro Manzoni|Adda]]'' e ''Le quatro sermones'', que porta le impression de Monti e de Parini, ma anque le echo de Virgilio e Horatio.

=== Le sojorno parisin (1805-1810) ===
==== Le morte de Carlo Imbonati e le reunion con le matre ====

[[File:Carlo Imbonati.png|thumb|left|alt=Cameo representante le profilo de Carlo Imbonati|[[Cameo]] del XIX seculo representante le profilo de Carlo Imbonati.]]

In 1805 Manzoni esseva invitate per su matre e per [[Carlo Imbonati]] a [[Paris]], apparentemente sub le suggestion de Monti&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 16}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Alessandro acceptava con entusiasmo, ma non habeva tempore de cognoscer le conte, a cuje missiva ille respondeva con parolas de calor e recognition que Imbonati non legeva jammais; ille moriva, in facto, le 15 de martio, lassante Beccaria como herede universal de su patrimonio&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 219}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 20}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ma anque afflicte e in necessitate de amor filial.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 218}}: {{Citation|Le vacuo lassate per Carlo le pare un abysso que tosto inglutira anque illa. In junio illa scribe al fidel amico [[Francesco Melzi d'Eril]]: &quot;Car Melzi, si vos videva le mortifere tristessa que me consume, o car Melzi, vos haberea pietate de me. Le pensamento que io debe haber un die de deman es un pena que renasce sempre pro me e tamen io es fortiate a implorar iste die de deman e a tremular que illo me escapa… e a vos io pote dicer lo: le universo integre es extinguite pro me&quot;.}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Le juvene, alora de vinti annos, arrivava in le capital francese le 12 de julio,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;, die in le qual le policia local le concedeva le permitto de sojorno.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Bonghi, ''Obras inedite o rare''}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manzoni, qui pro le defuncto scribeva le carme ''[[In morte di Carlo Imbonati|In le morte de Carlo Imbonati]]'', discoperiva haber un matre, e ab ille momento lor camminos, separate usque alora, se incrociava pro non separar se plus. Usque a 1841, anno del morte de Beccaria, le duo stabiliva un relation multo stricte, cuje profunditate emerge del litteras del scriptor in innumerose occasiones; ja le 31 de augusto 1805 ille revelava a [[Vincenzo Monti]] haber trovate «mi felicitate […] inter le bracios de un matre», e viver solmente «pro mi Giulia».&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Sforza|p. 12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Le circulo parisian: le ''Idéologues'' e Claude Fauriel ====
{{Vide etiam|Idéologues}}
[[File:Claude Fauriel.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait de Claude Fauriel|''Claude Fauriel'', Castello de Bignon, Francia.]]

Con su matre ille sojorna al numero 3 de [[place Vendôme]]. Multo frequentemente matre e filio se rendeva a Auteuil,&lt;ref group=N&gt;Le commune de Auteuil, que faceva parte del departimento del Seine, cessava de exister in 1860, e su territorio esseva repartite inter Paris e Boulogne-Billancourt.&lt;/ref&gt; citate ubi se reuniva le circulo intellectual sub le patronato del vidua del philosopho [[Helvétius]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; e al ''Maisonnette'' de [[Meulan]], ubi Manzoni passava duo annos, participante al circulo literari del cosidicte ''[[Idéologues]]'': philosophos de schola del undececente seculo, heredes del illuminismo del septe- e octo seculos ma orientate verso questiones concrete in le societate, e per isto precursors de themas [[romanticismo|romantic]] (como le attention al classes paupere e al emotion).&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;

Un rol importante in le gruppo del ''Idéologues'' (constituite, inter alteres, per [[Volney]], [[Dominique-Joseph Garat|Garat]], [[Destutt de Tracy]] e le danese [[Jens Baggesen|Baggesen]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Carcano|pp. 8-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;) esseva tenite per [[Claude Fauriel]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 60}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=N&gt;Fauriel habeva un rol significative in le evolution del poetica manzonian: le erudite francese inculcava in Alessandro, in facto, un grande interesse pro le historia e le faceva comprender que ille non debe scriber secundo modellos rigide e fixe in le tempore, ma debe esser capace de exprimer sentimentos que le permitte scriber in un maniera plus &quot;ver&quot;, de modo a &quot;tocar&quot; le corde del lector: {{Citation|Le Vero historic remane le cardine del obra, ma recede a un position de scrupulose supporto functional que rende credibile e verisimile le invention|{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 152}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; con qui Alessandro contraheva un amicitia que durava per multe annos; le frequentation esseva facilitate per le ligamine inter Giulia e le amante de Fauriel, [[Sophie de Condorcet]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 13}}.&lt;/ref&gt; e per le plus ancian [[Pierre Cabanis]],&lt;ref&gt;Manzoni cognosceva e admirava Cabanis e, post su morte, le rememorava con affection «…''cet homme rare''…» (iste homine rare), non poteva rememorar «…''les promenades d'Auteuil sans souffrir''» (le promenades de Auteuil sin suffrer). {{cita|Sforza|pp. 72-73}}.&lt;/ref&gt; autor del ''Lettre sur les causes premières'', texto orientate in senso [[spiritualismo|spiritualista]] e impregnante de spirito religiose, ben que le [[Essere supremo|Essere supreme]] cuje existentia es admittite non coincide completemente con le Deo christian secundo le conception del [[Ecclesia (communitate)|Ecclesia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|autore=Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis|titulo=Lettre, posthume et inédite de Cabanis à M. F*** sur les causes premières, avec des notes par F. Bérard|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5426351q.texteImage#|accesso=2 april 2024|anno=1824|editore=Gabon et Compagnie, Libraires|citate=Paris|lingua=Fr|OCLC=555572949}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Paris, dunque, Alessandro entrava in contacto con le cultura francese classicizante, assimilante le [[sensismo]], le theorias [[Voltaire|volterrian]] e le evolution del rationalismo verso positiones [[Romanticismo|romantic]]. Nos possede pauc litteras relative al annos 1805-1807, e non es dunque possibile definir con precision le importantia pro Manzoni de tote le textos e autores que ille cognosceva o studiava plus profundemente durante le prime annos francese; Fauriel e Cabanis emerge tamen como le duo principal punctos de referentia; un certe importantia debeva anque haber [[Ponce-Denis Écouchard-Lebrun|Lebrun]], recognoscite, in un littera a Pagani del 12 de martio 1806, como «grand'homine», «poeta supreme» e «lirico transcendente».&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Sforza|p. 15}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Il pote anque esser parolas de circumstantia, dictate per un amicitia ancora recente e per le gratitude pro le parolas laudative que «Pindare Lebrun»&lt;ref group=N&gt;Assi ille esseva appellate per le contemporaneos pro le stilo modelate super illo del poeta grec (vide {{cita|Bognetti|p. 109}}).&lt;/ref&gt; le habeva adressate, honorante le con un proprie composition. Le stilo del poeta francese, improntate a un classicismo emphatic e conventional, non pare in facto conciliar se con le poetica manzonian, ma le poemetto ''[[Opere di Alessandro Manzoni|Urania]]'' (concepite inter 1806 e 1807 e postea lente portate a completion durante le annos sequente) portara partialmente su impression.&lt;ref&gt;Pro le integre paragrapho vide {{cita|Tonelli|pp. 65 e ss.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Le interludio italian (1806-1807) e le morte de don Pietro ====
[[File:Sophiedecondorcet.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Portrait de Sophie de Condorcet|''Sophie de Condorcet''. Su salon esseva un del punctos de incontro del ''Idéologues''.]]
In junio 1806 matre e filio lassava pro le prime vice Paris, pro regular le ultime formalitates legal relative al hereditate de Imbonati, in le qual figurava etiam le [[Brusuglio|villa de Brusuglio]];&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 20-21}}.&lt;/ref&gt; in septembre illes esseva totevia ja de retorno in Francia, como demonstra un littera de Manzoni a Ignazio Calderari.&lt;ref&gt;Le littera, del 7 septembre, se trova in {{cita|Sforza|pp. 23-25}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Un secunde spostamento data de februario 1807: un littera a Fauriel, scribite le 17,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Sforza|pp. 30-31}}.&lt;/ref&gt; confirma que in ille die Manzoni se trovava in [[Susa (Italia)|Susa]] e habeva transite le [[Moncenisio]], durante que de altere testimonios epistolar nos sape que le mense sequente ille se trovava in [[Genova]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Sforza|pp. 32-36}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le 20 martio, in procinto de partir pro [[Torino]], ille apprendeva que su patre esseva gravemente malade&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; (ben que in realitate ille habeva morite ja duo dies ante&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;) e, durante le viage verso Milano, apprendeva de su morte. Il sembla totevia que Giulia e Alessandro non entrava in le citate ni participava al funerales, preferente passar alcun dies in le nove proprietate de Brusuglio e pois traversar de novo le [[Alpes]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ginz&quot;&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le parolas con le quales ille affronta in su litteras le morte de su patre pare plus tosto frigide; in le missiva a Fauriel del 8 april, vinti dies post le [[funeral]], ille adrese a Pietro un ultime voto: «''Paix et honneur à sa cendre''» (pace e honor a su cinere);&lt;ref&gt;''Carteggio Manzoni-Fauriel'' (a cura de I. Botta), Milano, Centro Nazionale Studi Manzoniani, 2003, p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt; in le littera a Pagani del 24 martio, die in le qual ille recipeva le noticia del decesso, ille face referentia al motivo «ben dolorose» que le habeva appellate a Milano, pro continuar pois con altere argumentos, como le satisfaction de revider le amico Calderari e le affection pro su matre, «parlando del qual io trovara sempre plus debile e monche omne expression».&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Sforza|p. 37}}&lt;/ref&gt; In maio Alessandro, nominate per su patre herede universal,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ginz&quot; /&gt; esseva de novo a Paris.

==== Le matrimonio e le nascentia del filia Giulia ====
[[File:Famiglia Manzoni.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait del familia Manzoni per Ernesta Legnani Bisi|Le familia Manzoni al epocha del viage a Firenze, designo de [[Ernesta Legnani Bisi]].]]
Desde tempore Giulia Beccaria cercava un sposa pro su filio; etiam le viage primaveral de 1807 habeva essite intraprite con iste objectivo, devenite jam preminente. Post le fallimento del projecto de fidanzar Alessandro con Augustine, filia del philosopho [[Destutt de Tracy]], a causa del basse grado de nobilitate del Manzoni,&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 24}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Beccaria cognosceva a Paris Charlotte Blondel,&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 85}}.&lt;/ref&gt; parentate con le familia [[calvinista]] del [[ginevrino|bankero genevrin]] François Louis Blondel. Ille viveva in Milano con su sposa Marie e le filia de sedec annos [[Enrichetta Blondel|Enrichetta]] in le [[palatio Imbonati]], que le comite habeva vendite a ille annos ante.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;/&gt; Le contactos esseva initiate per medio de Charlotte e, in septembre, le Manzoni partiva verso le citate milanese pro cognoscer Enrichetta — del qual habeva essite date excellent referentias — e su genitores.

Le incontro, occurrite a [[Blevio]] in le fin de septembre 1807,&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; non decepeva le sperantias; Manzoni remaneva incantate per le dulcesse e puritate del puella. Le matrimonio, que se revelara multo felice e essera coronate per le nascentia de dece filios, esseva celebrate le 6 februario 1808 in Milano:&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 22}}&lt;/ref&gt; prime con rito civil apud le municipio e, quaranta-cinque minutas plus tarde, con rito calvinista in via del Marino, ubi se trovava le casa del Blondel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;/&gt; Post haber regular le ultime questiones ligate al hereditate de Imbonati, le nove sposi, accompaniate per Giulia, se establi al numero 22 del Boulevard des Bains Chinois, a Paris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Parenti|pp. 70-71}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=N&gt;Le ration del partita de Milano pro Paris essevaationen, super toto, al scandalo del matrimonio inter un catholico (solmente de nomine) e un protestante, cosa que suscita le hostilitate del bon societate e del clero milanese ({{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 25}}.)&lt;/ref&gt; Le 23 decembre del mesme anno nasceva Giulia Claudia,&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 26}}&lt;/ref&gt; futur prime sposa de [[Massimo d'Azeglio]], que esseva baptisate le 23 augusto 1809 in le ecclesia [[giansenista]] de San Nicola presso [[Meulan]], secundo le rito catholic e con Fauriel como [[padrino]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tel24&quot;&gt;{{Cita|Tellini|2007|p. 24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le decision de baptisar con rito catholic le primogenita, prendite per un patre indifferente desde le puncto de vista religiose e per un matre calvinista, es le indice de un cambiamento radical in le sensibilitate spiritual del familia.

=== Le conversion: un debatto aperte ===
[[File:Manzoni Blondel.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Miniatura de Alessandro e Enrichetta le die del nuptias|Miniatura de Alessandro e Enrichetta le die del nuptias.]]
Le conversion al catholicismo de Manzoni es un thema super le qual non solmente le criticos, ma etiam le cognoscitores e le membros del familia del scriptor ha sempre discutite, obtenente del autor de ''I promessi sposi''&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 96}}:{{Citation|…il Manzoni evita sempre di discorrere, anche coi congiunti più intimi, sulle cause, o circostanze particolari, che avevano determinato il suo ritorno alla fede; e una volta che il figliastro [[Stefano Stampa]] glielo aveva apertamente richiesto, si contentò di rispondere assai vagamente: &quot;È stata la grazia di Dio, mio caro, è stata la grazia di Dio&quot;; e alla stessa domanda della figlia Vittoria, analoga risposta.}}&lt;/ref&gt; responsas aleatori; un reserva que rende omne studio critic inevitabilemente opinabile e incomplete. Le importantia del conversion, fundamental pro comprender le evolution thematic e spiritual de Manzoni durante le «quindecim annos creative», es sovente ligate a un legenda hagiographic que volerea un conversion repentine, attribuite al disorientation de Enrichetta in 1810. In realitate, le percurso que reconduceva Manzoni e su familia al practica religiose catholic esseva multo plus longe, debite a un serie de factores combinate inter illes.

==== Le duo litteras al Calderari (1806) ====
[[File:Jacques-Louis David 018.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Portrait del Papa Pio VII per Jacques-Louis David|[[Jacques-Louis David]], ''Pio VII'', [[oleo sur tabula|oleo sur tabula]], 1805, [[Louvre]]. Le concession del pontifice a Manzoni de poter celebrar le nuptias con rito catholic esseva un passo fundamental pro le regularisation religiose del copula.]]
Un certe importantia ha duo litteras que Manzoni inviava a Ignazio Calderari concernente le maladia que conduceva al morte lor amico commun Luigi Arese. In le prime, del 17 septembre 1806, ille deplora que in loco del personas car le moribundo debe haber al latere de su lecto «l'orribile figura di un prete»,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Sforza|p. 26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|De Gubernatis|p. 125}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma le 30 octobre, post le morte de Arese, sempre al Calderari ille exclama: «Oh sì! ci rivedremo! Se questa speranza non raddolcisse il desiderio dei buoni e l'orrore della presenza dei perversi, che sarebbe la vita?».&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Sforza|p. 29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si de un latere es confirmate le reaction anticlerical ja observate in le prime obras, al mesme tempore Manzoni demonstra conformar se al spirito christian, prefigurante un existentia post le morte.

==== Le supplica a Pio VII ====
Post le baptismo catholic de Giulia in augusto 1809, Manzoni, in accordo con su sposa, adreseva un supplica a [[papa Pio VII]] a fin que, «pentito del fallo commesso», le autoritate pontifical poneva «un opportuno riparo, capace di rendere tranquilla la di lui coscienza [del supplicante, cioè del Manzoni]»,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Manzoni cent'anni dopo|p. 49}}.&lt;/ref&gt; rendente possibile celebrar de novo le matrimonio, iste vice secundo le rito catholic.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tel24&quot;/&gt; In novembre arrivava le authorization papal con un rescripto del [[Michele Di Pietro|cardinal Di Pietro]] datate del 30 octobre,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Parenti|pp. 72-73}}.&lt;/ref&gt; e le 15 februario [[1810]], in le casa de [[Ferdinando Marescalchi]], le curate del [[ecclesia del Madeleine|ecclesia de la Madeleine]] officiava le ceremonia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 103}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Degola e San Rocco (1809-1810) ====
[[File:Manzoni - Chiesa St.Roch.jpg|thumb|alt=Lapide in le ecclesia de Saint-Roch a Paris que commemora le conversion de Manzoni|Lapide ponite sur le prime pilastro sinistre del nave lateral del ecclesia parisian de Saint-Roch, que commemora le conversion de Alessandro Manzoni.]]

Al initio de [[1809]] le Manzoni habeva facite cognoscentias importante, forsan decisive pro orientar Alessandro verso le practica religiose. Pierre Jean Agier, presidente del Corte de appello parisian, Giambattista Somis, ja consiliere del Corte de appello de [[Torino]], [[Ferdinando Marescalchi]], ministro del Relationes externe del [[Regno de Italia (1805-1814)|Regno de Italia]] [[napoleonico]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Treccani|ferdinando-marescalchi_(Dizionario-Biografico)|Marescalchi, Ferdinando|accesso=22 decembre 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; e Anne Marie Caroline Geymüller, un femina de [[Basilea]] devenite vidua de un official del guardia suisse del rege [[Luigi XVI]], faceva parte de un ambiente fortemente catholic e [[giansenista]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 246}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iste ultime, insuper, habeva [[Acto de abiura|renunciate solemnemente a]] le [[calvinismo]] in [[1805]] per opera de un [[abbate]] genevrin giansenista que le Manzoni cognosceva justo in le autumno de 1809, [[Eustachio Degola]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|pp. 102-103}}; pro le influentia de Geymüller e Degola vide A. Gazier, ''Manzoni à Port-Royal'', in ''Revue Bleue'', 1º martio 1908, e A. de Gubernatis, ''Eustachio Degola, le clero constitutional e le conversion del familia Manzoni'', Firenze, Barbera, 1882. Talvota, le cognomine se trova etiam in le forma con le accent tonic (Dègola, como reportate etiam sur le [pagina homonyme del Treccani]).&lt;/ref&gt; le qual habeva un enorme importantia pro le conversion de Alessandro e de su familia.

Le conversion de Manzoni, tamen, es multo plus cognoscite pro le appellate «miraculo de San Rocco».&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|1=http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/a9.html|2=Le conversion religiose|3=22 julio 2015|autore=Massimiliano Mancini|editore=Internet Culturale|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623103016/http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/a9.html|dataarchivio=23 junio 2013|urlmorto=sì}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le 2 april 1810, durante le festivitates pro le nuptias de Napoleone I e [[Maria Luisa de Austria]], improvisemente explodeva alcun mortarettos e le turba que impleva le stratas separava Manzoni de su sposa,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 29}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 248}}.&lt;/ref&gt; le qual, pulsate per le gente, se trovava sur le scalones del [[Ecclesia de San Rocco (Parigi)|ecclesia de San Rocco]], in rue Saint-Honoré, e se refugia. In le silentio e serenitate de ille templo ille implorava le gratia de retrovar su consorte e, al exito, convertite, poteva reabraciar la.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 96}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Alessandro Manzoni, incisione di Ardinghi.jpg|thumb|alt=Incision de Alessandro Manzoni a 25 annos|Alessandro Manzoni circa le etate de 25 annos in un incision de Ardinghi, in ''Lettere di Alessandro Manzoni'', a cura de [[Angelo de Gubernatis]], Paolo Carrara, Milano 1881.]]

Un altere version, reportate per [[Giulio Carcano]], narra in vice de un Manzoni frustrate que, assediate per dubitas spiritual, se haberea rendite in San Rocco clamante: «O Deo! Si tu existe, revela te a me!»,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Carcano|p. 11}}.&lt;/ref&gt; exiente pois como credente.

==== Degola e le relationes con le Manzoni ====
Initialmente le sacerdote habeva le carga de preparar Enrichetta Blondel al abiura del calvinismo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 247}}:{{Citation|Le 9 april 1810 initia formalmente le instruction catholic de Enrichetta.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ille le demandava de scriber summarios del lectiones de religion catholic (appellate ''ristretti''), pro corriger los pois ipse.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le abiura esseva subscripte in un acto official le 3 maio 1810 e celebrate solemnemente le 22 maio in le [[ecclesia de Saint-Séverin]], in presentia del circulo jansenista e del abbate Degola.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le influentia del sacerdote jansenista es innegabile: le rememora le longe correspondentia que le sacerdote genovese manteneva con Manzoni, con su sposa e con Giulia Beccaria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|pp. 115 e ss.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Es relativemente facile reconstruer le etapas per le quales Blondel se convertite al catholicismo, ma le motivo non es clar. Probabilemente Manzoni, qui esseva «un animo non veramente ribelle», acceptava con fastidio un matrimonio non benedicte, e iste situation, quando le filia esseva inscribite in le registro del baptismos, debeva metter le in imbarasso.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Momigliano|p. 16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Le retorno in Italia (1810-1812) ===
==== Inter via del Morone e Brusuglio. Le familia ====
[[File:8862 - Milano - P.za Belgiojoso - Casa del Manzoni - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 14-Apr-2007.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Fachada del Casa Manzoni a Milano|Le [[Casa Manzoni]], viste ab [[piazza Belgioioso]] a [[Milano]]. Acquirite in 1813 per le scriptor, illo esseva le residentia urban de su familia usque a 1873, anno del morte de Manzoni. Hodie illo alberga le &quot;Museo manzoniano&quot;, le &quot;Centro de studi manzoniani&quot; e le &quot;[[Società Storica Lombarda|Società Storica lombarda]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=[http://www.casadelmanzoni.it|titolo=Casa](http://www.casadelmanzoni.it|titolo=Casa) del Manzoni|accesso=21 januario 2026|editore=Casa del Manzoni}}&lt;/ref&gt;]] Quanto le spirito de Manzoni se habeva cambiate durante le ultime menses del residentia parisin, o melio, quanto illo esseva in contradiction con le valores e le modelos precedente, es difficile dicer.

Certemente le grande citate francese, capital del belle mundo e del intellectuales del epocha, non exerceva plus alcun fascino super ille.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ciò emerge da {{cita|Sforza|p. 90}}:{{Citation|Solo la vostra presenza mi lega ancora a questa città, che per il resto non esercita su di me alcuna attrattiva.|Lettera al Fauriel (29 maggio 1810)|Il n'y a que vous qui m'attachez encore à ce Paris que je n'aime point du tout pour tout le reste.|lingua=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; In besonio de tranquillitate, Manzoni quitava [[Parigi]] con le familia le 2 junio, dirigite verso [[Brusuglio]], ubi ille arrivava, malgrado alcun inconvenientes,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 31}}:{{Citation|Arrivati a Lione, s'ammalò Giulia e s'ammalò la bambina [Giulia Claudia]. Enrichetta era incinta, o credeva di esserlo; soffriva di disturbi che le sembravano segni di gravidanza. Manzoni dovette farsi togliere un dente.}}&lt;/ref&gt; alcun septimanas plus tarde. Ibi, tamen, ille incontrava le ira del familia Blondel, irate per le conversion de Enrichetta al catholicismo, un resentimento que non diminuiva con le passar del annos.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|pp. 30-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le Manzoni alternava periodos a Brusuglio e in le citate, habente durante le belle saison lor residentia in le villa extra le porta, ubi Alessandro se dedicava al agricultura. A Milano illes se establiva durante quasi duo annos al numero 3883 de via S. Vito al Carobbio,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 251}}&lt;/ref&gt; pro pois passar un anno in le [[Casa Beccaria|palatio del Beccaria]], in [[via Brera]], usque al 2 octobre 1813, quando le scriptor acquisiva un casa in via del Morone, al numero 1171 (hodie 1).&lt;ref name=&quot;Par97&quot;&gt;{{cita|Parenti|p. 97}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manzoni habeva sempre essite habituate a viver in medio del verdor: le nove habitation, que dava super piazza Belgioioso, habeva «un jardin proprie interne, con un certe qual sensation de claustro, absolutemente lo que esseva convenibile al indole de Manzoni».&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Radius|p. 55}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In via del Morone le autor haberea passate le resto de su vita. Durante le annos sequente le membros del familia, qui alternava lor residentia inter le palatio urban e le villa de Brusuglio, cresceva in numero.&lt;ref name=&quot;Family&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.casadelmanzoni.it/content/la-famiglia-manzoni#n10|titolo=La Famiglia Manzoni|accesso=21 januario 2026|editore=Casa del Manzoni|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311035010/http://www.casadelmanzoni.it/content/la-famiglia-manzoni#n10|dataarchivio=11 martio 2016|urlmorto=sì}}&lt;/ref&gt; Post Luigia, nascite e morte le mesme die (5 septembre 1811), le 21 julio 1813 nasceva in via Brera le prime filio mascule, [[Pietro Luigi Manzoni|Pietro Luigi]]. Le 25 julio 1815 le casa de via del Morone esseva allietate per le nascentia de Cristina,&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Par97&quot; /&gt; posteriormente sposa de Cristoforo Baroggi. Durante le annos sequente nasceva anque Sofia (12 novembre 1817), sposa de Lodovico Trotti; [[Enrico Manzoni|Enrico]] (7 junio 1819); Clara (augusto 1821), qui viveva duo annos; Vittoria (martio 1822), sposa desde 1846 de [[Giovanni Battista Giorgini (1818-1908)|Giovanni Battista Giorgini]]); [[Filippo Manzoni|Filippo]] (martio 1826), sposo de Erminia Catena; e Matilde in maio 1830, le ultime, morte celibe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

==== De Degola a Luigi Tosi: le nove guida spiritual ====
[[File:Luigi Tosi.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait de Luigi Tosi|Luigi Tosi.]]
Ante de partir, le Manzoni habeva demandate al sacerdote jansenista de indicar les un persona digne de confidentia que poterea continuar su opera de assistentia spiritual.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Parenti|p. 81}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le 30 maio Degola scribeva un littera de recommendation pro don [[Luigi Tosi (vescovo)|Luigi Tosi]], canonic de [[Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio|San Ambrosio]] e etiam ille jansenista.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 120}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tanto Giulia como Alessandro habeva un excellente impression de Tosi, como se pote deducer del parolas del scriptor: «Le dignissime Canonic Tosi esseva visitate per mi matre e me &lt;nowiki&gt;[…]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, e esseva trovate un digne amico de Degola; e isto suffice pro su elogio».&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Sforza|p. 98}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le sacerdote se recava regularmente etiam a Brusuglio, quando le familia ibi remaneva, e manteneva su function de [[guida spiritual]] durante multe annos, etiam post su election a [[diocesi di Pavia|episcopo de Pavia]], occurrite in 1823.

A Alessandro, como a su sposa e a su matre, le [[eucaristia]] non habeva ancora essite administrate. Post un breve preparation, Manzoni se [[Penitenza (sacramento)|confessava]] le 27 augusto e le 15 septembre, insimul con Giulia e Enrichetta, se accostava pro le prime vice al Communion,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 24-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; ben que le percurso de conversion complete esseva ancora multo longe. De facto, in augusto 1811, le neophyto inviava a Degola e Tosi litteras in le quales ille les demandava respectivemente de orar «proque place al Senior scuoter mi lentor in su servicio e liberar me de un tepore que me tormenta e me humilia», e affirmava que «malgrado mi profunde indignitate, io senti quanto le Omnipotentia del Gratia Divine pote operar in me».&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Sforza|p. 127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Le quindecim annos creative (1812-1827) ===
{{Vide etiam|Obras de Alessandro Manzoni}}
[[File:Molteni Giuseppe, Alessandro Manzoni.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Portrait de Alessandro Manzoni per Giuseppe Molteni|[[Giuseppe Molteni]], ''Alessandro Manzoni'', oleo sur tela, 1835, [[Pinacoteca de Brera]].]]

==== Introduction ====
Expression jam adoptate per le critica litterari,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Guglielmino-Grosser|p. 229}}; {{Cita|Marchese|p. 28}}.&lt;/ref&gt; le ''quindecim annos creative'' sole indicar ille arco temporal durante le qual Manzoni, jam convertite al catholicismo e al ideas romantic, se dedicava al redaction de su obras litterari principal, ab le poesia sacre usque al poesia civil, ab le essayes philosophic-religiose usque al tragedias, pro arrivar finalmente al redaction del prime grande romanzo del historia del litteratura italian. In tote iste generes, Manzoni introduceva elementos nove e revolutionari in relation al tradition litterari: le ''Hymnos Sacre'' revela le coralitate del poesia christian de Manzoni;&lt;ref name=&quot;GG230&quot;&gt;{{Cita|Guglielmino-Grosser|p. 230}}.&lt;/ref&gt; le tragedias, in nomine del verisimilitude, se distacca del unitates aristotelic e revela ille interesse progressive pro le sentimentos human que trovara lor plen expression in le romanzo.

==== Le ''Hymnos Sacre'' ====
{{Vide etiam|Hymnos sacre}}
Ab iste momento su vita e su arte essera plenmente conforme al fide e al necessitate de divulgar la per le exemplo e per le obras. In 1812 ille comenciava le redaction del ''[[Hymnos sacre]]''. Ille voleva scriber in iste ordine ''Le Natal'', ''Le Epiphania'', ''Le Passion'', ''Le Resurrection'', ''Le Ascension'', ''Le Pentecoste'', ''Le Corpore del Senior'', ''Le Cathedra de Sancte Petro'', ''Le Assumption'', ''Le Nomine de Maria'', ''Omnes Sanctos'' e ''Le Mortos'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 137}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ille portava a termino solmente cinque: ''Le Resurrection'', ''Le nomine de Maria'', ''Le Natal'', ''Le Passion'' e ''[[Le Pentecoste (Hymnos sacre)|Le Pentecoste]]''.

Le prime quatro esseva scribite inter april 1812 e octobre 1815 e publicate in un volumine presso le editor milanese Pietro Agnelli al fin de 1815,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 26}}&lt;/ref&gt; durante que le redaction de ''Le Pentecoste'', initiate in 1817, esseva completate solmente cinque annos plus tarde, retardate per altere obras al quales le autor se dedicava in le mesme annos, inter le quales se distingue le duo tragedias e le prime version del romanzo. ''Le Omnes Sanctos'' (1830-1847) remaneva in stato de fragmento, como altere possibile additiones al ''Hymnos'' (''[[Le Natal de 1833]]'' e le brevissime ''Deo in le natura'').

Le poesia religiose de Manzoni es completate per le ''Strophes pro un Prime Communion''. Le intention del autor es un poesia popular, del qual le stilo se allontana talora proque ancora influentiate per le formation [[neoclassica]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Galletti|pp. 105 e ss.}}&lt;/ref&gt; pro retornar pois al communitate del credentes (le ''[[ecclesia]]'' christian) que leva, insimul con le poeta, un canto de laude a Deo, le unic securitate contra le mal sempre dominante in le Historia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ferroni|p. 46}}:{{Citation|Le voce del poeta se immerge in le medio del populo que vive le rito, e al mesme tempore participa, con spirito agonistic, al conflicto sempre in curso inter le ben e le mal.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Guglielmino-Grosser|pp. 229-230}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Iste dimension coral emerge super toto in le ''Pentecoste'', ubi le «filios de Eva» (v. 71), dispersate in tote le mundo, trova unitate in le fide in Deo.&lt;ref name=&quot;GG230&quot;/&gt;

==== Le 1814 e le ''Odes'' ''civil'' ====
[[File:Prina lynched.jpg|thumb|alt=Impression de epocha representante le linciamento de Giuseppe Prina|Le linciamento de Giuseppe Prina in un impression de epocha.]]
Durante que Manzoni elaborava le ''Hymnos Sacre'', le situation politic international se deteriorava rapidemente: [[Napoleone Bonaparte|Napoleone]], fortemente debilititate post le disastrose [[Campania de Russia]] de 1812, cadeva in le grande [[Battalia de Lipsia]] de 1813. In consequentia, anque le [[Stato satellite|Statos satellites francese]], inter le qual [[Regno de Italia (1805-1814)|Regno de Italia]], cadeva sub le colpos del coalition austro-russe, obligante [[Eugenio di Beauharnais]] a fugir de Milano e permittente assi al austriacos de [[Campania de Italia (1813-1814)|reentrar in Lombardia]]. Manzoni viveva iste momentos dramatic con grande angustia, assistente ab su palatio de via del Morone, le 20 april 1814, al linciamento del ministro del financias [[Giuseppe Prina]], le violentia del qual (vivamente deplorate per le scriptor) es narrate in un littera a Fauriel.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|pp. 43-44}}:{{Citation|La nostra casa per l'appunto è situata molto vicino a quella dov'egli abitava di modo che abbiamo udito per alcun ore le grida di quelli che lo andavano cercando, il che tenne mia madre e mia moglie in angosce crudeli, anche perché pensavano che non si fermassero a questo. E invero alcuni malintenzionati volevano approfittare di quel momento d'anarchia per prolungarlo, ma la guardia civica seppe fermarlo con coraggio, una prudenza e un'operosità quanto mai degni di lode.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A parte le episodio de Prina, Manzoni participava intensemente al [[Cade del Regno de Italia (1814)|tentativo de mantener independente le Alta Italia]] con un regno cuje sovrano haberea essite justo le viceré Eugenio di Beauharnais, subscribente un petition presso le potencias victoriose reunite a [[Parigi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Fabris|p. 98}}&lt;/ref&gt; Poeticamente ille contribuiva al sentimento patriotic con le redaction de duo [[Canzon (metrica)|canzones]], ambes remanente incomplete:&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 83-85}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[April 1814]]'', in le qual le terre-moto politic milanese es evocate in un perspectiva patriotic e de denuncia contra le politica napoleonian,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Nigro|p. 44}}:{{Citation|Manzoni ha scritto la canzone antinapoleonica ''Aprile 1814'' nel linguaggio (rivoltato) delle illusioni della rimeria napoleonica, […]}}&lt;/ref&gt; e ''[[Le proclamation de Rimini]]'' (april 1815), in le qual ille reflecte super le [[Proclamation de Rimini|discurso del mesme nomine]] tenite per [[Gioacchino Murat]] pro le defension de Italia, presentante le como un liberator inviate per Deo pro subtraher le italianos al sclavitude.&lt;ref&gt;''Il proclama di Rimini'', p. 699, vv. 36-44: «Egli è sorto, per Dio! Sì, per Colui / Che un dì trascelse il giovinetto ebreo / Che del fratello il percussor percosse; / E fattol duce e salvator de' suoi, / Degli avari ladron sul capo reo / L'ardua furia soffiò dell'onde rosse; / Per quel Dio che talora a stranie posse, / Certo in pena, il valor d'un popol trade;…».&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Manzoni e le debatto inter classicistas e romanticos ====
[[File:Sulla maniera e la utilità delle traduzioni.pdf|thumb|left|alt=Prime pagina del articulo de Madame de Staël super le Biblioteca Italiana|Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, ''Super le maniera e le utilitate del traductiones'', traduction de Pietro Giordani in le ''[[Biblioteca Italiana]]'' (januario 1816). Le articulo suscita le initio del debatto inter classicistas e romanticos.]]
Le annos sequente al conversion esseva assatis significative pro le panorama litterari e italian. Italia, ancora ligate a un firme tradition classicista, esseva obligate a confrontar se con le nove clima romantic europee. In januario 1816, le intellectual francese [[Madame de Staël]] publicava, traducite in italiano in le prime numero del ''[[Biblioteca Italiana]]'', un articulo intitulate ''[[Super le maniera e le utilitate del traductiones]]'', in le qual illa criticava le italianos qui se obstinava a remaner ligate a un rhetorica vacue, ignorante le novitates proveniente de Germania e de Anglaterra.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ferroni|p. 27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/a11.html|titolo=Le polemiche romantiche|accesso=23 januario 2026|autore=Massimiliano Mancini|editore=Internet Culturale|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035719/http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/a11.html|dataarchivio=24 septembre 2015|urlmorto=sì}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Al successive ''querelle'' inter classicistas (con [[Pietro Giordani]] al testa) e romanticos (inter le qual se distingue [[Ludovico di Breme]] e [[Giovanni Berchet]]), Manzoni non participava activemente. Ben que ille esseva del parte del romanticos e participava al ''Cameretta'' litterari animate per [[Ermes Visconti]], [[Gaetano Cattaneo]], [[Tommaso Grossi]] e super toto per le poeta dialectal [[Carlo Porta]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ferroni|p. 31}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/a12.html|titolo=Le Cameretta portiana|accesso=23 januario 2016|autore=Massimiliano Mancini|editore=Internet Culturale|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035721/http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/a12.html|dataarchivio=24 septembre 2015|urlmorto=sì}}&lt;/ref&gt; ille refusava de collaborar tanto con le ''Biblioteca Italiana'' como con ''[[Le Conciliator]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

Ultra le interesse pro le poetic christian, esseva determinante le [[neurosi|neurosis depressive]] que colpava Manzoni desde 1810 e su difficultate a parlar in publico, factores que le fortiava a un vita retirate in su possessiones de Brusuglio o in le quiete de su palatio milanese.&lt;ref name=&quot;tellini&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 24-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Le production teatral ====
{{Vide etiam|Pensamento e poetica de Alessandro Manzoni}}
Decisive esseva le impression que Manzoni lassava in le [[historia del teatro italian]]. Il interveniva super le structura e le finalitate mesme del drama, que, secundo le scriptor, non debe describer le abstracte ma le verosimil e le motiones del anima del protagonistas, excludente le artificialitate del [[unidades aristotelic]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 88}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le fructos de iste reflexiones, emergite in le ''[[Littera a Monsieur Chauvet]]'' (1820), se collige in le tragedia ''[[Le Comte de Carmagnola]]'',&lt;ref&gt;Initiate le 15 januario 1816, illo esseva editate a Milano solmente in 1820 presso le editor Vincenzo Ferrario ({{Cita|Tellini|2007|p. 90}}).&lt;/ref&gt; cuje redaction esseva retardate per le problemas de natura nervose que affligeva le autor&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Floriani}}:{{Citation|A chiusura del biennio, riprendendo i contatti con Fauriel nelle tre lettere del 1816, il M&lt;nowiki&gt;[anzoni]&lt;/nowiki&gt; sembrava un altro uomo [...] in quella del 25 marzo rievocò i tempi di Meulan, confessando i disturbi nervosi ma anche l'entusiasmo per il lavoro (una tragedia dedicata a lui, &quot;son meilleur ami&quot;).}}&lt;/ref&gt; e per le labor in le ''Observationes super le moral catholic''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Floriani}}:{{Citation|Il lavoro sul Carmagnola durò fino al settembre 1819. Mentre lo scriveva il M&lt;nowiki&gt;[anzoni]&lt;/nowiki&gt; compose la Pentecoste, iniziata nel giugno 1817 e sospesa alla definizione di 10 strofe, poi rifiutate. Nel 1818 il Carmagnola fu a sua volta sospeso, uscendo poi, per cura di E&lt;nowiki&gt;[rmes]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Visconti, all’inizio del 1820, mentre il M&lt;nowiki&gt;[anzoni]&lt;/nowiki&gt; si trovava a Parigi.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le secunde tragedia, ''[[Adelchi (Manzoni)|Adelchi]]'', esseva editate in 1822, durante que in le mente comenciava a delinear se le vision narrative del romanzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

==== Le crise de 1817 e le ''Observationes super le moral catholic'' (1818-1819) ====
{{Vide etiam|Observationes super le moral catholic}}
[[File:Jean Charles Simonde de Sismondi (1773-1842).png|thumb|left|alt=Portrait de Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi|[[Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi]].]]

In le primavera de 1817 Manzoni habeva un breve crise spiritual,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 160}}&lt;/ref&gt; determinate per plure factores, in particular per le appoio del Ecclesia al restauration: le liberal Manzoni non comprendeva le conflicto inter le religion christian, in le qual ille fermemente credeva, e le orientation politic del Ecclesia catholic, que ille non compartiva.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 101}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le disillusion que resulta conduceva al aggravation de su maladia nervose e a un consequent refrigeration in le practica religiose, como se deduce de un littera de [[Luigi Tosi (vescovo)|Tosi]] a [[Eustachio Degola|Degola]], in le qual le patre spiritual del scriptor communicava le superamento del crise (14 junio 1817).&lt;ref&gt;Pro approfondir le question del crise spiritual vide {{cita|Accame Bobbio}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Anque con le futuro [[vescovo de Pavia|episcopo de Pavia]] il habeva un parve conflicto, tosto oblidate, quando Manzoni habeva manifestate le desiro de retornar pro un periodo a Parigi, incontrante un opposition que le pareva exagerate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 161}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le sacerdote videva in le transferimento un periculo pro le fide del discipulo, qui desiderava in vice revider [[Claude Fauriel|Fauriel]] e sperava obtener beneficio pro su problemas nervose. Manzoni demandava totevia de poter partir, ma in maio le policia le refusava le passaportes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|pp. 179-180}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Temporarimente abandonate le hypothese parisian, Manzoni interrumpeva le ''Comte de Carmagnola'' e se retirava in le campania, ubi ille se immersava in le lectura de textos philosophic que servirea de base al ''Observationes super le moral catholic''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;/&gt; Le annotationes manzonian al autores studiate es utile pro discoperir qual libros ille studiava in ille menses e como ille les judicava: illas a [[John Locke|Locke]], a [[Étienne Bonnot de Condillac|Condillac]] e a [[Destutt de Tracy]] demonstra le distantia de Manzoni ab lor pensamento.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;/&gt; In preparar le ''Observationes'', su attention se dirigeva super toto al ''[[Historia del Republicas Italiane]]'' de [[Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi|Sismondi]], cuje dece-sexte e ultime volumina sortiva a Parigi in 1818. Le obra contineva in le ultime tomo violente accusationes contra le catholicismo, lo que suscitava un reaction indignate del canonico Tosi, qui demandava a Manzoni de responder.&lt;ref group=N&gt;Secundo {{cita|De Gubernatis|pp. 146-147}}, Tosi obligava Manzoni, como penitentia pro le vita anticlerical e atheistic de su prime juventute, a scriber un tractato in defension del religion catholic, arrivante mesmo a «chiude&lt;nowiki&gt;[re]&lt;/nowiki&gt; in camera Alessandro Manzoni, perché mandasse innanzi il libro sulla ''Morale cattolica'' che non voleva andare avanti».&lt;/ref&gt; Iste [[apologetica|obra apologetic]] esseva publicate in 1819 con le titulo ''Super le Moral Catholic, observationes de Alessandro Manzoni, Parte prime''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/b32.html|titolo=La ''Morale Cattolica''|accesso=24 januario 2026|autore=Massimiliano Mancini|editore=Internet Culturale|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035735/http://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/directories/ViaggiNelTesto/manzoni/b32.html|dataarchivio=24 septembre 2015|urlmorto=sì}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Le secunde residentia parisian (1819-1820) ====
[[File:Thierry, Augustin, BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait del historiographico Augustin Thierry|[[Augustin Thierry]].]]
Ja desde [[1817]] Manzoni pensava de retornar a [[Paris]], loco felice del juventute ubi ille sperava poter sanar del crises de nervos sempre plus accentuate.&lt;ref&gt;Isto se deduce de un littera que le oncle de Manzoni, [[Giulio Beccaria]], inviava a su nepote qui non succedeva a recuperar su sanitate ({{Cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 53}}).&lt;/ref&gt; Le partita, tamen, esseva sempre remandate a causa del difficultate de obtener le passaportes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 49}}&lt;/ref&gt; Illos esseva concedite per le autoritates austriac solmente in [[1819]], e le integre familia partiva pro [[Francia]] le 14 septembre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 188}}&lt;/ref&gt; In le capital francese Manzoni frequentava le historiographico [[Augustin Thierry]] e le philosopho [[Victor Cousin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le cognoscentia de Thierry influentiava de maniera importante le conception manzonian del historia, e un certe importantia habeva etiam le [[spiritualismo]] de Cousin. Ben que le ideas de iste ultime non esseva totalmente heterodoxe in materia de religion, certe de su affirmationes le impressionava, como: «Sans Dieu, l'homme et la nature restent un mystère» (sin Deo, le homine e le natura remane un mysterio),&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Cousin|p. 31}}; a notar que le curso universitari de Cousin habeva loco justamente durante le residentia parisian de Manzoni.&lt;/ref&gt; o «La loi suprème, c'est […] la sainteté, le dévouement, la charité, l'amour du prochain; c'est surtout l'amour de Dieu» («Le lege supreme consiste […] super toto in le sanctitate, le devotion, le caritate, in le amor del proximo; illo se manifesta super toto in le amor de Deo»).&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Cousin|p. 112}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Manzoni, tamen, non trovava beneficio in le residentia parisian: le crises de nervos non habeva passate, e ille comenciava sentir nostalgia de su casa. Assi, post justo un anno, le 25 julio partiva de Paris con tote le familia pro retornar a Milano le 8 augusto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Passate le estate, comenciava le annos le plus frenetic del quindecim annos creative, in le quales Alessandro elaborava ille conceptos religiose e providentialistic que trovarea lor culmino in [[Adelchi (Manzoni)|''Adelchi'']] e in le [[Il cinque maggio|''Cinque maggio'']], bases fundamental pro le structura de ''[[I promessi sposi]]'', insimul con le initio del reflection linguistic, structural e artistic super le genere del romanzo ipse.

==== Le biennio 1820-1822: le bases del romanzo ====
{{Vide etiam|Il cinque maggio|Marzo 1821|Adelchi (Manzoni)}}
[[File:Steuben - Mort de Napoleon.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Pictura del morte de Napoleone a Sancta Helena|[[Charles de Steuben]], ''Morte di Napoleone I a Sant'Elena, il 5 maggio 1821'', oleo sur tela, 1828.]]
In novembre de [[1820]] Manzoni comenciava le tragedia de [[Adelchi (Manzoni)|''Adelchi'']].&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 120}}&lt;/ref&gt; Post haber completate un prime abboço in le primavera de [[1821]], ille se distaccava subitamente de illo pro reprender le poesia civil con le redaction de ''Marzo 1821'', ode celebrante le presupponite invasion del [[Lombardo-Veneto]] per le tropas sardo-piemontese post le abdication de [[Vittorio Emanuele I]]. Scribite inter le 15 e le 17 martio,&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;/&gt; iste ode revela, in comparation con illos de septe annos ante, un major compactitate structural e securitate tanto in le linguage como in le tractamento del estados de anima del patriotas. Post que le euphoria general se extingueva post le fallimento del [[motos de 1820-1821]], Manzoni reprendeva le [[Adelchi (Manzoni)|''Adelchi'']], comenciante a studiar varie fontes historic (reelaborate in le coeve ensayo ''[[Discorso sopra alcuni punti della storia longobardica in Italia]]'')&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; a fin que existeva concordantia inter le ''vero historic'' (le eventos realmente occurrite) e le ''vero poetic'' (le ''inventio'' narrative), conception apprendite al schola de Thierry e del ''idéologues''.

[[File:Adelchi.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Illustration del morte de Adelchi|Representation del morte de Adelchi]]
Le anno [[1821]], tamen, esseva plen de eventos significative: ultra le motos supra mentionate, le 5 maio moriva sur le [[isola de Sancta Helena]] le exiliate [[Napoleone Bonaparte]]. Le novella arrivava in Europa solmente in julio; Manzoni la legeva in le ''[[Gazzetta di Milano (1816-1875)|Gazzetta de Milano]]'' le 17 julio 1821&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 138}}&lt;/ref&gt; e remaneva profundemente turbate. Fascinate per le titanismo e le genio de Napoleone,&lt;ref group=N&gt;Le vv. 31-36 del Ode monstra le admiration de Manzoni pro le condottiero: «Fu vera gloria? Ai posteri / l'ardua sentenza: nui / chiniam la fronte al Massimo / Fattor, che volle in lui / del creator suo spirito / più vasta orma stampar».&lt;/ref&gt; inter le 18 e le 20 julio&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;/&gt; ille componeva [[Il cinque maggio|''Le cinque maio'']]. In le ode, le scriptor vide le grandor del Imperator non tanto in le actos terrestre, quanto in haber comprendite, per medio del suffrentias del exilio, le vanitate del glorias passate e le importantia absolute del [[Salvation (religion)|Salvation]]. Le parallelo con le vicissitudes de [[Adelchi (principe)|''Adelchi'']] e de [[Desiderata (moglie di Carlo Magno)|''Ermengarda'']] monstra le formulation de ille ''provvida sventura'' que devenira central in ''[[I promessi sposi]]''.

==== Del ''Fermo e Lucia'' a ''I promessi sposi'' (1821-1827) ====
{{Vide etiam|I promessi sposi}}
[[File:I promessi sposi-008.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Antiporta del edition de 1840 de I promessi sposi|[[Frontispicio#antiporta|Antiporta]] del edition de ''I promessi sposi'' de 1840, illustrate per [[Francesco Gonin]].]]

Manzoni initiava le redaction de ''Fermo e Lucia'' le 24 april 1821,&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot; name=&quot;Manz.B.II&quot;&gt;«24 Ap.le 1821» e «17 7bre 1823» es le datas apposite respectivemente al initio e al fin del prime manuscripto autograph anepigraph del ''Fermo e Lucia''. Vide: {{Cita manoscritto|autore=Alessandro Manzoni|titulo=[Fermo e Lucia]|url=https://www.alessandromanzoni.org/manoscritti/624|data=24 april 1821-17 septembre 1823|citate=Milano|ente=[[Bibliotheca National Braidense]]|collocation=Manz.B.II}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ma initialmente interrumpeva le labor.&lt;ref&gt;Illo es apprendite del littera a [[Claude Fauriel]] del 3 novembre 1821, in le qual Manzoni declara: «mon roman à peine commencé a été mis de côté», &quot;mi romanzo appena incominciato è stato messo da parte&quot; ({{Cita|Sforza|p. 213}}).&lt;/ref&gt; In le quiete del villa de Brusuglio ille lo habeva comenciate post haber legite romanos europee, specialmente anglese, in particular le [[Ivanhoe|''Ivanhoe'']] de [[Walter Scott]] traducite in francese,&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{cita|Tonelli||p. 242}}.&lt;/ref&gt; proque le [[litteratura italian]] se habeva concentrate usque alora super altere generes prosaic.

Sequentemente le methodologia ja adoptate pro le tragedias, le autor initiava un ver e proprie labor de documentation historic, fundate super le lectura del ''Historia patria'' de [[Giuseppe Ripamonti]] e del ensayo ''Sul commercio de' commestibili e caro prezzo del vitto'' de [[Melchiorre Gioia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Varotti|p. 26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le prime minuta del ''Fermo e Lucia'' (titulo suggerite per le amico Ermes Visconti, como testificate in un littera del 3 april 1822 a [[Gaetano Cattaneo]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Vitale|p. 58}}&lt;/ref&gt;) terminate le 17 septembre 1823,&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot; name=&quot;Manz.B.II&quot; /&gt; consiste de folios de protocollo dividite in duo columnas: a dextera le texto, a sinistra le correctiones.

Le secunde redaction del romanzo con le titulo ''Gli sposi promessi'', post le finition de [[Adelchi (Manzoni)|''Adelchi'']] e le composition de [[Il cinque maggio|''Le cinque maio'']], es databile inter 1823 e 1825. Le obra esseva finalmente publicate ab 1825 a 1827 con le titulo definitive ''I promessi sposi''. Le passage de ''Fermo e Lucia'' – cuje structura narrative resultava pauco harmoniose a causa del division in tomos e de ample partes dedicate al [[Monaca di Monza|soror Gertrude]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Guglielmino-Grosser|p. 232}}:{{Citation|[…] nel caso di Gertrude quel che diventa la &quot;sventurata rispose&quot; era una lunga dettagliata descrizione della caduta nell'abiezione da parte della monaca, […]}}&lt;/ref&gt; – a ''I promessi sposi'' esseva alquanto travaliate pro le redefinition del architectura del obra.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 164-167}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ultra le problema expositive, Manzoni se rendeva conto del linguage artificiose e litterari usate per ille, elemento que non correspondeva al exigentias realistic verso le qual tendeva su poetica.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 171}}:{{Citation|…dopo lo studio attento dei classici, la lettura degli stranieri principalmente francesi, la conversazione colta con i propri concittadini, lo scrittore italiano può… accoglie&lt;nowiki&gt;[re]&lt;/nowiki&gt; ciò che resta nella cosiddetta &quot;buona lingua&quot; illustre… Di tale fatta è appunto la veste linguistica del ''Fermo e Lucia'': una miscela di laboratorio costruita ''in vitro''…}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eligente le [[Dialetti toscani|toscan]] como lingua colloquial pro su personas,&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{cita|Ferroni|p. 64}}&lt;/ref&gt; ille publicava le dicite ''ventisettana'' (nomine date al prime edition de ''I promessi sposi'') ma, conscie del necessitate de ascoltar directemente le eloquentia de ille region, decideva de partir pro [[Florentia]].

=== Le viage in Toscana (1827) ===
==== Le Gabinetto Vieusseux e le bases del ''Quarantana'' ====
[[File:Giovan Pietro Vieusseux.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Portrait de Giovan Pietro Vieusseux|Photographia de Gian Pietro Vieusseux, fundator del correspondente loco cultural]]In [[1827]] Manzoni se transfereva a [[Florentia]] pro proceder al redaction final del romanzo, corrigite al nivello formal e stylistic, de maniera a entrar in contacto con e &quot;viver&quot; le lingua florentin del personas cultivate, que representava pro le autor le sol lingua del Italia unite. Le viage, initiate le 15 julio, videva le integre familia Manzoni (le filios, le vetere matre Giulia e le sposa Enrichetta) passar per [[Pavia]] – ubi illes se fermava pro salutar le canonico Tosi, devenite [[episcopato de Pavia|episcopo del citate]] –, [[Genova]], [[Lucca]], [[Pisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; e arrivar le 29 augusto al capital del [[Granducato de Toscana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 234}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[File:Alessandro Manzoni FI.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Lapide commemorative del residentia de Manzoni a Florentia|Lapide in memoria del periodo florentin de Manzoni]]Le residentia, que durava usque a octobre, esseva un triunfo pro le scriptor: le membros del [[Gabinetto Vieusseux]] (con a lor testa [[Niccolò Tommaseo]], le mesme [[Giovan Pietro Vieusseux]], [[Giovanni Battista Niccolini]] e [[Gino Capponi]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tonelli|p. 247}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 234-235}}&lt;/ref&gt; le recipeva con tote le honores. Anque [[Giacomo Leopardi|Leopardi]], qui non admirava ni compartiva le ideologia e le poetica manzonian, le salutava cordialmente.&lt;ref&gt;Le relationes inter le duo maxime representantes del romanticismo italian esseva characterisate per un cordialitate forçate, debite a visiones litterari e moral opposite. Leopardi, de su parte, non comprendeva le admiration pro le romanzo de Manzoni ({{cita|Tortoreto|pp. 322-336}}.)&lt;/ref&gt; Le fama de ''I promessi sposi'' superava presto le circulos litterari, perveniente al corte granducal, ubi [[Leopoldo II de Toscana|Leopoldo II]] in persona recipeva le romanciero. Durante iste encontros, exigente pro Manzoni a causa de su problemas nervose, ille approfundava su investigation linguistic per le contacto directe tanto con le nobilitate florentin como con le populo, e notava le similaritate del terminologia usate per le duo classes. Le fructo de iste observationes esseva fundamental pro le selection del florentin (in loco del toscan generic) como lingua quotidian pro le personas de su romanzo,&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;/&gt; selection que le conduceva a revider le obra durante le annos trenta e a publicar lo definitivemente in 1840 (de ubi le nomine de ''Quarantana'') insimul con le ''[[Historia del columna infame]]''. Iste ultime ensayo reprende e disveloppa le thema del [[untor|untor]] e del [[peste]], que ja habeva occupate un parte tanto importante in le romanzo e del qual illo inicialmente constitueva un ''excursus'' historic.

=== Le annos del silentio (1827-1873) ===
[[File:Ritratto di Teresa Manzoni Stampa Borri by Francesco Hayez.jpg|thumb|Francesco Hayez, ''[[Portrait de Teresa Manzoni Stampa Borri|Portrait de Teresa Manzoni Borri Stampa]]'', [[Pictura a oleo|oleo]] sur [[Pictura sur tela|tela]], 1849, [[Pinacotheca de Brera]].]]
==== Le prime luctos familial e le secunde matrimonio ====
Le quiete familiar super le qual Manzoni habeva organisate su regime de vita quotidian se frangeva a partir del annos trenta, quando le colpeva le prime luctos familial: le prime esseva illo de su amate sposa Enrichetta, morte le 25 decembre [[1833]] de [[Tuberculose#Altere nomines pro le tuberculose|tabe mesenteric]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Cantù|p. 128}}&lt;/ref&gt; contractate a consequentia del numerose gravitationes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 348}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le dolor de Manzoni esseva tanto grande que, quando in 1834 ille cercava de scriber ''[[Le Natal de 1833]]'', ille non succedeva a completar le obra.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 296}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Post Enrichetta ille videva morir su amate filia primogenite Giulia, ja sposa de [[Massimo d'Azeglio]], le 20 septembre 1834.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Boneschi|p. 353}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le 2 januario [[1837]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 363}}&lt;/ref&gt; gratias al intervention de su matre e de su amico [[Tommaso Grossi]],&lt;ref&gt;Giulia Beccaria, secundo lo que rememora [[Marta Boneschi]], esseva preoccupate del condition spiritual e psychologic de su filio, preoccupation que illa non celava a Tommaso Grossi ({{cita|Boneschi|pp. 361-362}}).&lt;/ref&gt; ille se maritava con [[Teresa Borri]], vidua del conte Decio Stampa e matre de [[Stefano Stampa]], figura al qual Manzoni esseva multo attachate.&lt;ref&gt;Le filiaste de Manzoni, in 1885, publicava un libro ric de anecdotas, phrases e habitos de su patre per matrimonio, in le tentativa de completar e meliorar le portrait que Cantù nos habeva transmittite: {{cita|Stampa|p. 292}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le nove sposa, al contrario de Enrichetta, esseva dotate de un forte personalitate e de un bon cultura litterari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Tellini|2007|p. 37}}&lt;/ref&gt; A causa de su character protective verso le marito, Teresa entrava tosto in conflicto tanto con le vetere socera como con Grossi, qui debeva abandonar le palatio de via del Morone ubi ille habita ab plus de vinti annos.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 365}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le annos sequente esseva ancora marcate per le morte de multe de su car personas: de su filia Cristina (27 maio 1841),&lt;ref name=&quot;Bon381&quot;&gt;{{Cita|Boneschi|p. 381}}&lt;/ref&gt; sequite duo menses plus tarde per le matre Giulia Beccaria (7 julio)&lt;ref name=&quot;Bon381&quot; /&gt; e, finalmente, per le amico [[Claude Fauriel|Fauriel]] (15 julio 1844).&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ginzburg|1989|p. 193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Le 1848 e le exilio a Lesa: Antonio Rosmini e le critica al romance ===
{{Vide etiam|Cinque dies de Milano|Antonio Rosmini}}
[[File:Giuseppe Garibaldi visiting Alessandro Manzoni on 15 March 1862.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Pictura de Garibaldi que visita Manzoni|[[Sebastiano De Albertis]], ''[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] visita Alessandro Manzoni le 15 martio 1862'', [[Pictura a oleo|oleo]] sur [[Pictura sur tela|tela]], 1863. Garibaldi non esseva le sol personalitate politic importante a visitar Manzoni: [[Camillo Benso, conte de Cavour|Cavour]], [[Vittorio Emanuele II]], le estadista anglese [[William Gladstone]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; [[Giuseppe Verdi]] e le [[principes de Piemonte]] [[Umberto I de Savoia|Umberto]] e [[Margherita de Savoia|Margherita]] voleva cognoscer le personalmente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Bracalini|pp. 66-67}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Milano, como le altere grande citates europee, non esseva immun al [[Motos de 1848|revoltationes que explodeva in tote Europa]]: durante le famose [[cinque dies de Milano|cinque dies]] le patriotas succedeva a expulsar, ben que momentaneemente, le austriacos del [[feldmaresciallo]] [[Radetzky]]. Inter iste homines imbibite del {{'}}, epopeia del Risorgimento'' era etiam le filio de vinti-duo annos de Manzoni, Filippo, qui terminava in carcere al initio del combattimentos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Cantù|p. 284}}&lt;/ref&gt; Si le filio combatteva sur le barricadas, le patre publicava ille odas politic (''[[Aprile 1814]]'', ''[[Le proclamation de Rimini]]'' e ''[[Martio 1821]]'') que, per timor del represalia austriac, ille habeva nunquam publicate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 40-41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al momento del retorno de Radetzky, Manzoni, timente de suffrer repercussion per su supporto moral al causa del Risorgimento, se refugiava a [[Lesa]], ubi su sposa Teresa habeva un villa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 41}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le residentia in Lesa, que durava usque a 1850, non esseva un exilio sterile: a [[Stresa]], non longe, viveva le philosopho e sacerdote [[Antonio Rosmini]], cognoscite de Manzoni ja desde 1827.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Bonola, ''Carteggio''|p. XIII}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le retiro al [[laco Maggiore]] serviva al scriptor pro cognoscer melio le anima e le pensamento de Rosmini, de qui ille apprecia profundemente le personalitate e le pietate, ultra le discussiones religiose, linguistic e politic,&lt;ref&gt;Vide, pro un relation inter le duo homines ab un puncto de vista human e intellectual, {{Cita|Riconda|titulo = Manzoni e Rosmini}}.&lt;/ref&gt; como se pote deducer del copiose correspondentia epistolar inter le duo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Bonola, ''Carteggio''}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ab le puncto de vista strictemente litterari, iste annos videva Manzoni rejectar ille equilibrio inter le vero historic e le vero poetic establite in su romance. Attrahite de plus in plus per le studios linguistic, historic e philosophic, ille senti sempre plus necessari e urgente le recerca del «veritate objective», condemnante – in le ensayo ''[[Obras de Alessandro Manzoni#Del romance historic e, in general, del compositiones miscite de historia e invention|Del romance historic]]'' e in le dialogo ''[[Obras de Alessandro Manzoni|Del Invention]]'', ambes publicate in 1850 – le commixtion inter ''inventio'' e ''historia''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ferroni|pp. 66-68}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Le annos del Risorgimento: luctos private e symbolo del Patria ====
{{Vide etiam|Del unitate del lingua e del medios pro diffunder la}}
[[File:Illustrazione popolare 1873 - Funerali di Manzoni.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Incision del funerales de Alessandro Manzoni a Milano|Le funerales de Alessandro Manzoni, in un incision del epocha: {{Citation|A mediedie le feretro, precedite per le cento bandieras del scholas e del associationes operari e per le representationes italian, se dirigeva al Cimiterio Monumental, passante per le vias major.|2 = {{Cita|Venosta|pp. 157-158}}}}]]

Le annos sequente esseva multo dolorose: in 1853 moriva Tommaso Grossi, in 1855 le amico Rosmini e le anno sequente le filia Matilde, malate desde longe tempore de [[tuberculose]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 42}}&lt;/ref&gt; in 1858 le oncle Giulio Beccaria&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Boneschi|p. 394}}&lt;/ref&gt; e in 1861 le sposa Teresa, cuje salute habeva essite irreparabilemente compromisse annos ante per un graviditate difficile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.giuliamarucelli.it/teresa-borri-manzoni-vedova-stampa/ |titulo=Teresa Borri Manzoni (vidua Stampa)|autore=Giulia Marucelli|editore=Giuliamarucelli.it|data=9 julio 2012|accesso=26 januario 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iste serie de luctos esseva alternate per le conferimento de honorificationes per le nascite [[Regno de Italia (1861-1946)|Regno de Italia]] e per le visitas de illustre hospites.

Le 29 februario [[1860]], ancora ante le proclamation official del nove stato unitari, Manzoni esseva nominate [[Senatores del VII legislatura del Regno de Sardinia|senator del Regno de Sardinia]] per meritos verso le patria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web |url=http://notes9.senato.it/ |titulo=Ficha del senator Alessandro Manzoni |accesso=26 januario 2026 |editore=Senato del Republica |urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126122348/http://notes9.senato.it |dataarchivio=26 januario 2010 |urlmorto=sì |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-28 |archivedate=2009-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502111412/http://notes9.senato.it/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; Con iste cargo ille votava in [[1864]] in favor del transferimento del capital ab [[Torino]] a [[Firenze]] usque a [[Roma]] esser liberate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ab le puncto de vista intellectual, durante le ultime annos ille scribeva ensayos historic, inter illes ''([[Le Revolution francese de 1789 e le Revolution italian de 1859: ensayo comparative]])'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Mazza Tonucci|pp. 114-115}}&lt;/ref&gt; e ensayos linguistic concernente le lingua italian. Como presidente del commission parlamentar sur le lingua, Manzoni redigeva in [[1868]] un relation sur le italiano (''[[Del unitate del lingua e del medios pro diffunder la]]'') adresse al ministro Broglio, in le qual ille cercava un solution practic pro diffunder le florentin in tote Italia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 45-46}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le 28 junio [[1872]] ille esseva nominate citatano honorari de Roma.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Beltrami|p. 126}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Le morte e le funerales ===
[[File:Veduta della chiesa di San Fedele con la statua di Manzoni, Milano.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Fachada del ecclesia de San Fedele a Milano con le monumento a Manzoni|Le ecclesia de San Fedele, ab cuje scalones Manzoni cadeva battente le testa; ante illo le monumento al poeta, inaugurate in 1883.]]

Manzoni, a parte le disturbos nervose del qual ille suffreva e un maladia que le colpava in 1858, gaudeva generalmente de bon salute.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Cantù|p. 318}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le anno [[1873]] esseva tamen le ultime de su vita: le 6 januario ille cadeva battente le testa contra un scalon al exito del [[Ecclesia de San Fedele (Milano)|ecclesia de San Fedele]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Fabris|p. 122}}&lt;/ref&gt; causante se un [[trauma cranial]]. Le scriptor se accorgeva, ja post alcun dies, que su facultates intellectual comenciava lentemente a declinar,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Fabris|p. 124}}:{{Citation|Ma qualche giorno dopo quel 6 gennaio, egli disse a don Natale Cerioli: &quot;Non si accorge Lei di un decadimento in me? Tutte le idee mi si confondono: non sono più io&quot;.}}&lt;/ref&gt; usque a cader in un stato [[catatonic]] durante le ultime menses de su vita.

Le suffrentias esseva aggravate per le morte del filio major Pietro Luigi, occurrite le 28 april.&lt;ref name=&quot;Family&quot; /&gt; Le 22 maio al horas sex e quindec minutas del vespere, Manzoni expirava a causa de un [[meningitis]] contrahite in consequentia del trauma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Onoranze funebri ad Alessandro Manzoni|p. 27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le corpore esseva imbalsamate per septe medicos incaricate per le Municipio de Milano inter le 24 e le 27 maio.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Onoranze funebri ad Alessandro Manzoni|p. 14; p. 16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Al solemne funerales de Stato, celebrate in le [[Duomo de Milano]] le 29 maio, participava le maxime autoritates del Regno,&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cita|Onoranze funebri ad Alessandro Manzoni|p. 3}}&lt;/ref&gt; inter illes le futuro rege [[Umberto I de Savoia|Umberto I]], le [[Ministros del affaires externe del Regno de Italia|ministro del affaires externe]] [[Emilio Visconti Venosta]] e le representationes del [[Camera del deputatos (Italia)|Camera]] e del [[Senato del Regno (Italia)|Senato]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Archivo historic del Senato del Republica]], ''Memoriaweb'', newsletter n. 39 (serie nove), julio 2023, [https://www.senato.it/application/xmanager/projects/leg19/file/Manzoni.pdf ''Memorias de Alessandro Manzoni in le Senato del Regno''], paginas 15 e sequente&lt;/ref&gt; e del Provincias e del Citates del Regno.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;

Felice Venosta narra le detalios, describente le stato de animo in le qual se trovava le citate:
{{Citation|Per le vias un crito de venditores de photographias del grande poeta, de portraits de omne formato, de omne precio… Le parietes del casas esseva tapissate de avisos portante le nomine de Manzoni […] le homines esseva tote in le vias, e medie Milano, sin exaggerar, voleva sequer le feretro al Cimiterio.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Venosta|p. 155}}&lt;/ref&gt;|}}

== Le debatto super Manzoni ==
[[File:Tomba Manzoni.jpg|left|thumb|Tomba de Manzoni al ''Famedio'' del Cimiterio monumental de Milano.]]

=== Le attacco del catholicos reactionari ===
Le disparition de Alessandro Manzoni non suscitava un unanime cordolio: le mundo catholic plus [[Cattolicismo intransigente|reactionari e clerical]], per exemplo, non deplorava su morte.&lt;ref&gt;Un quadro complete sur {{Cita|Azzolin|p. 26 e ss.|cidAzz}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Badini Confalonieri|p. 165}}:{{Citation|Le antipathia del intransigentes &lt;nowiki&gt;[catholicos reactionari]&lt;/nowiki&gt; pro le scriptor lombarde ha un longe historia, como es ben note, e va del colpos, in le anno de su morte, del ''Civiltà Cattolica'', al opiniones convergente de [[don Bosco]] e de Davide Albertario...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Interesante es le studio de {{Cita|Badini Confalonieri}} super le relation inter Manzoni e alcun catholicos intransigente, inter illes le &quot;prime&quot; ultramontanista [[Félicité de Lamennais|Lamennais]].&lt;/ref&gt; Anzi, le jesuitas de ''[[La Civiltà Cattolica]]'' passava su morte sub silentio, pro pois lancear se contra le scriptor in le articulo del 26 de junio 1873, ''Alessandro Manzoni e Giuseppe Puccianti''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|''La Civiltà Cattolica''|pp. 77-78}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=N&gt;Pro un rapide introduction a Puccianti, defensor del manzonismo in linguistica, vide: {{Treccani|giuseppe-puccianti|Puccianti, Giuseppe|accesso=26 janvier 2026}}.&lt;/ref&gt; In le grave dissidio inter le duo animas del catholicismo italian del epocha, Manzoni esseva considerate le standard per medio del qual le liberales poteva effectuar lor politica laicista e le demolition del poter temporal del papas.&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Durante le [[Oitocento]], le christianismo catholic europee esseva dividite inter le [[catholicismo reactionari]], fidel al alliance inter throno e altare, e le [[Christianismo liberal|liberal]], que voleva conciliar le aspirationes del mundo moderne con le fide catholic. Iste ultime linea de tendentia esseva exprimite, in Francia per [[Félicité de Lamennais]] e [[Augustin Thierry]], e in Italia per [[Gino Capponi]], [[Antonio Rosmini]], [[Raffaello Lambruschini]] e Manzoni ({{cita|Giudice-Bruni|pp. 206-207}}). Manzoni, de facto, non condivideva le union inter le [[poter temporal]] e le poter spiritual ({{cita|Cantù|pp. 304-305}}), tanto que ille votava, in su qualitate de senator del Regno de Italia in 1861, pro le transferimento del capital de [[Turin]] a [[Roma]], capital ancora del Stato Pontificio; e acceptava, in 1872, le [[cittadinantia honorari]] del citate del Papas nuper conquerite.({{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 45}})&lt;/ref&gt; A iste proposito don [[Davide Albertario]], un del plus ardente criticos del religiositate manzonian e &quot;paradigma&quot; del accusationes dirigite per le zelantes contra le liberal Manzoni,&lt;ref&gt;Vigorelli, p. 462 nota, in {{Cita|Albertario}}:{{Citation|Io ha volite reportar integralmente le articulo de don A[lbertario], proque iste esseva purtroppo le position del clericalismo official, como demonstra simile positiones, a ille tempore, del «Civiltà Cattolica»...}}&lt;/ref&gt; non sparniava criticas dur super le ambiguitate del comportamento de Alessandro:
[[File:Davide Albertario.jpg|thumb|Don Davide Albertario (1846-1902), un del plus acharnate oppositores del religiositate e del opera manzonian.]]
{{Citation|Manzoni non videva o non voleva vider le inganno que le revolution celava detra su promessas de unitate italian [...] Il ergo non se jungeva al defensores del fide; lassava de latere le alte interesses del catholic e faceva su proprie illos del revolution; non pro isto negava le catholicismo, ma lo portava con se in le campo inimic, e le inimicos le accolligeva con applauso, ille e le divin prisionero &lt;nowiki&gt;[le Papa, n.d.a]&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;|{{Cita|Albertario}}, p. 457}}&lt;/ref&gt;|}}[[Benedetto Croce]], in 1941, reportava que ancora post plure annos le catholicos &quot;intransigente&quot; faceva audir lor voce per medio de [[Giovanni Papini]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Croce 1941|p. 387}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Citation|Alessandro Manzoni, ric del sucros le plus venenose del [[Illuminismo|illuminismo]] francese, non vide in le Catholicismo nisi un humanitarismo social con alcun ritos a gustar plus tosto que a aprofundar; attende que mori tote le [[Jansenismo|jansenistas]] italian pro renunciar a su prime tentationes de rigorista fastidiose, e mesmo non le renuncia; representa un Episcopo tanto grande que il es difficile trovar le in le vita e in le historia, extra del Sanctos, durante su sancto non lo es; representa un fratre, troppo dissimile de su pares e superiores; un monacha homicida, lascive e proxeneta; representa un parochiano tanto vile que [[San Johannes Bosco]] nunquam le perdonara; non dice un sol parola, in su longe vita, in defensa del Pontificato roman in le [[Oitocento]], sfidante condemnationes authentic del Santa Sede, al qual obediva, con suffrentia, Episcopos, sacerdotes, laicos; e malgrado toto isto, tote le catholicos le considera le scriptor catholic per excellentia e alcun mesmo le proponerea voluntarimente como sancto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Croce 1941|p. 386}}&lt;/ref&gt;|}}

=== Le critica litterari super Manzoni ===
{{Vide etiam|I promessi sposi#Fortuna del romanzo e critica letteraria}}

==== Le mito manzonian: inter luces e umbras ====
[[File:Gadda 1921.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Portrait del scriptor Carlo Emilio Gadda in 1921|Le scriptor milanese [[Carlo Emilio Gadda]].]]
Le prime biographias de Manzoni esseva scribite per [[Cesare Cantù]] ([[1885]]), [[Stefano Stampa]], qui publicava su obra anque in 1885 como responsa a alcun inexactitudes de Cantù,&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;Vide le integre obra de {{Cita|Stampa}}, cuje scopo es precisamente corriger le inexactitudes del prime biographos.&lt;/ref&gt; Cristoforo Fabris, [[Angelo De Gubernatis]] ([[1879]]), durante un parte del litteras esseva publicate per [[Giovanni Sforza (storico)|Giovanni Sforza]] in [[1882]]. Le figura enigmatic del scriptor, constantemente affligite per symptomas depressive e relegite a un vita retirate, incitava [[Paolo Bellezza]] a componer le essay ''Genio e follia in Alessandro Manzoni'' (1898), in le qual ille analysava bizarre phobias del scriptor, como agoraphobia, continue syncopes e le timor del pozzangheras.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Albani}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manzoni non esseva tamen solmente objecto de investigationes [[Psychoanalyse|psychoanalytic]], ma anque de criticas litterari: primo per le [[Scapigliati]], qui videva in ille le expression del respectabilitate burgese detestate.&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Significative es le poema ''Preludio'' de [[Emilio Praga]], in le qual le scapigliato annuncia le hora del «antecristos» in opposition al «Casto poeta que Italia adora» (vv. 13-16). Vide: {{Cita libro|autore=[[Emilio Praga]]|sezione=Preludio|titolo=Penombre|città=Milano|editore=Casa editrice degli autori-editori|anno=1864|pp=5-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sequeva le criticas de [[Giosuè Carducci]], admirator de ''[[Adelchi (Manzoni)|Adelchi]]'' ma implacabile verso le romanzo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 323}}&lt;/ref&gt; e de [[Luigi Settembrini]], autor del ''Dialogo tra Manzoni e Leopardi'', in le qual ille deride le fide catholic del scriptor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.zibaldoni.it/2015/05/29/i-funerali-del-manzoni-dialogo-tra-giacomo-leopardi-ed-alessandro-manzoni/|titolo=Dialogo inter Giacomo Leopardi e Alessandro Manzoni|accesso=27 januario 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Admiratio sin condition veniva, in vice, de [[Francesco de Sanctis]], [[Giovanni Verga]], [[Luigi Capuana]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|p. 324}}&lt;/ref&gt; e [[Giovanni Pascoli]], qui dedicava al romanzo le essay ''L'eco d'una notte mitica'' (1896).&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Pascoli|pp. 2, 5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In le [[Ventesime seculo]], a causa del movimentos anticlassicista del [[avantgardias]], del evolution del lingua e del adolcamento del figura del romanziere que esseva inseniate in le scholas, Manzoni suffreva varie criticas de litteratos e intellectuales: inter illes le &quot;prime&quot; [[Benedetto Croce|Croce]]&lt;ref&gt;In 1921 Benedetto Croce, con su essay {{cita|''Manzoni''}}, affundava le romanzo a causa de su forte impronta religiose, cosa que non facerea de ''I promessi sposi'' un ver obra de arte. In 1952, tamen, ille recognosceva le vitalitate del obra manzonian, admitte que se habeva errate ({{cita|''Tornando sul Manzoni''}}).&lt;/ref&gt; e le marxista [[Antonio Gramsci|Gramsci]], qui le accusava de paternalismo. Le plus importante apologia del periodo esseva facite per le philosopho [[Giovanni Gentile]], qui in 1923 le definiva, in un conferentia al [[Teatro alla Scala|Scala]], un «grande maestro national»&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Gentile|pp. 1-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; como jam habeva facite [[Giuseppe Mazzini|Mazzini]] e [[Vincenzo Gioberti|Gioberti]], recognoscente in ille le promotor de ille [[Idealismo|idealismo]] [[religion|religiose]], in le qual Gentile se recognosceva, que constitueva pro ille le fundamentos del [[Risorgimento italian]].&lt;ref&gt;Exemplo de action que prendeva le vita seriemente, Manzoni esseva pro Gentile «le grande liberator del populo italian ab le secular servitude del litteratura, del arte pur, del indifferentismo e del dilettantismo, del rhetoric e del classicismo vacue e formal». ({{cita|Gentile|op. cit., pp. 21-22}})&lt;/ref&gt;
In defensa de Manzoni se situava anque [[Carlo Emilio Gadda]], qui a su debut publicava in 1927 le ''Apologia manzoniana'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita|Gadda|pp. 333-343}}&lt;/ref&gt; e in 1960 attaccava le plano de [[Alberto Moravia]] de relegar le su proposition linguistic.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 330-331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Solmente in le Secunde Novecento, gratias al studios de [[Luigi Russo]], [[Giovanni Getto]], [[Lanfranco Caretti]], [[Ezio Raimondi]] e [[Salvatore Silvano Nigro]], se ha succedite a &quot;liberar&quot; Manzoni del patina ideologic con le qual ille habeva essite revestite jam al immediate post su morte, analysante con un oculo plus libere de prejudicios su poetica e, anque, le modernitate del obra.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Tellini|2007|pp. 335-336}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pensamento e poetica ==
{{Vide etiam|Pensamento e poetica de Alessandro Manzoni}}[[File:Giuseppe Parini.jpg|thumb|Francesco Rosaspina, ''[[Giuseppe Parini]]'', [[litographia]] del XVIII seculo. Parini, insimul con le tradition illuminista lombarde, esseva fundamental pro le disveloppamento del litteratura civil manzonian, un apporto que non cessava (ma que se accentuava) post le conversion de Manzoni al romanticismo.]]

=== Inter illuminismo e romanticismo ===

==== Le initios neoclassic e illuminista ====
Post le prime juventute, characterisate per un formation fundate super le studio del grande classicos antique e italian, Manzoni entrava in contacto primo con le jacobinismo italian ([[Francesco Lomonaco|Lomonaco]] e [[Vincenzo Cuoco|Cuoco]]), postea, ab 1805, con le gruppo del ''[[Idéologues]]'' francese ([[Claude Fauriel|Fauriel]], [[Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis|Cabanis]]).

Le resultato esseva le adhesion, usque al ultime annos del [[annos 1800|prime decennio del Oitocento]], a un illuminismo sceptic in le campo religiose, in le qual predominava le valor del [[libertate]] propugnate per le ideales revolutionari.&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ferroni|p. 42}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pro un vision plus ample del production antimonarchic e jacobin del Manzoni adolescente, vide {{cita|Langella|pp. 11-20}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Manzoni filtrava iste tendentias con le apportos paideutico-educative proprie del lection de [[Giuseppe Parini]], de su avo [[Cesare Beccaria]] e de [[Pietro Verri]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cita|Ferroni|p. 27}}:{{Citation|Comparate al lineas general de illo europee, le Romanticismo italian… se distingue per su cautela e moderation&lt;nowiki&gt;[…]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Super toto in su phases initial, illo conserva un relative continuitate con aspectos del Illuminismo (specialmente le lombarde), del qual illo comparti le recerca de un litteratura &quot;utile&quot;, que collabora al &quot;perfectionamento&quot; del civilisation.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Post le conversion: le Manzoni illuminista ====
Ni mesmo post le conversion al Catholicismo in 1810 e le refutation del versos del ''Urania'' (1809), Manzoni abandonava totalmente le apporto illuminista del ration, del conscientia individual, e del valores de su prime education. Reconoscente le rolo civil del litterato (hereditate del illuminismo milanese e del Alfieri), Manzoni interveniva plure vices in le vicissitudes del historia, como attesta le ''Odes civil'' del 1814 e del 1821.

Le manifesto de iste vocation &quot;civil&quot; es plenmente exprimite in le littera ''[[Super le romanticismo]]'' inviate al marchese [[Cesare Taparelli d'Azeglio]] (1823),&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Ferroni|p. 238}}&lt;/ref&gt; in le qual le scriptor reaffirma le valor social que un obra de arte litterari debe haber como principal finalitate:
{{Citation|Le principio, de necessitate tanto plus indeterminate quanto plus extendite, me sembla poter esser isto: que le poesia o le litteratura in general debe proponer se le utile como scopo, le vero como subjecto, e le interessante como medio.}} &lt;small&gt;(''Super le romanticismo'', Littera al marchese Cesare Taparelli d'Azeglio, 22 septembre 1823.)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Al marchese Cesare Taparelli d'Azeglio'', in {{harvnb|''Epistolario''|I, pp. 277-317, in particular p. 306|Sforza}}. Iste phrase es continite in le redaction original del missiva, non destinate al publication, durante illo non esseva repetite in le version re-elaborate e reducite de 1870.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Le affinita con le romanticismo ====
Le elemento romantic in le production poetic manzonian emerge in le ''Hymnos Sacros'', ubi pro le prime vice le io del poeta se eclipsa in favor de un universalitate coral que eleva su clamore de sperantia e su confidentia in Deo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Raimondi 1967|p. 443}}:{{Citation|Precisemente in le momento in que le scriptor prende conscientia del io, illo dispare in un poesia del nos per virtute de un reduction o mortification sublimante del experientia personal que… postula un ordine mysteriose, un ligamine de communion inter le homines e le cosas…}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le multitudine del homines, le sentimento religiose e le attention al motiones del anima es tote elementos que approxima Manzoni al nascent movimento romantic, ligante le cultura milanese e illo transalpin per ligamines aesthetic affine.

Ultra le dimension &quot;ecclesial&quot; del religiositate manzonian, il non se pote oblidar, concernente le attention al populo, le apporto fundamental del historiographia francese de [[Augustin Thierry]] e del ''[[idéologues]]'', qui propugnava de centrar le historia super le humiles: parve personas que frequentemente cade in le oblivion proque illes non es objecto de interesse pro le chronistas lor contemporanee e que suffre le decisiones del potentes.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Millefiorini|p. 173}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Le catholicismo manzonian ===
==== Le rolo del Providentia e le jansenismo ====
[[File:Jacques-bénigne bossuet.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Portrait de Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet|Bossuet esseva un del plus importante predicatores francese del ''grand siècle'', inter le modellos fundamental pro le religiositate manzonian.]]

Perdite, al fin del prime decennio del Oitocento, le sperantia de attinger le serenitate per medio del ration, le vita e le historia pareva a Manzoni immergite in un van disordine dolorose: il esseva necessari trovar un fin salvific que adjutarea le homine tanto a constituir un codice ethic terren, quanto a supportar le males del mundo in anticipation del pace celeste.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Macchia|p. 27}}:{{Citation|[Manzoni] abbraciava le fide christian non proque illo le salvarea de su obsessiones, ma proque super illos il poterea meditar e combatter dramaticamente}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le critic [[Alessandro Passerin d'Entrèves]] sublinea le importantia que habeva [[Blaise Pascal]] e le grande moralistas francese del [[Seicento]] (inter illes [[Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet|Bossuet]]) in le formation religiose del scriptor: ab illes ille traheva le ambition de cognoscer le anima human e «le conviction que le [[christianismo]] es le unic explication possibile del natura human, que ha essite le religion christian que revelava le homine al homine»,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Passerin d'Entrèves|p. 209}}&lt;/ref&gt; trovante in lor inseniamentos le confidentia in le religion como instrumento de supportation del infelicitate. Le confidentia in Deo es le puncto de separation ab le [[Pensamento e poetica de Giacomo Leopardi|pessimismo]] de [[Giacomo Leopardi]].&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Ambes le scriptores es assertor del violentia que colpe le homine durante su existentia, ma le differentia concerne le sperantia ultime al qual le homine es destinate: si pro Leopardi, como explicate in le ''[[Analyse del Operette morali|Dialogo del Natura e de un Islandese]]'', le cyclo existential del mundo es destinate a resolver se in un cyclo mechanic de destruction e morte, Manzoni reface de cader in iste pessimismo &quot;cosmic&quot; gratias al confidentia que ille pone in le Providentia divine. Vide, pro aprofundar, le essay de {{harvnb|Tortoreto}}. Alcun versos e alcun selectiones stylistic del ''Ognissanti'', fragmento manzonian de 1847, ha essite ponite in opposition con le imagine del ''Ginestra''; in particular: «A Quello demanda, o sdegnoso, / Perché sull’inospite piagge, / All’alito d’aure selvagge, / Fa sorgere il tremulo fior, / Che spiega dinanzi a Lui solo / La pompa del candido velo, / Che spande ai deserti del cielo / Gli olezzi del calice, e muor. / E voi che, gran tempo, per ciechi / Sentier di lusinghe funeste / Correndo all’abisso, cadeste / In grembo a un’immensa pietà» (A. Manzoni, ''Ognissanti'')&lt;br /&gt;in opposition a&lt;br /&gt;«E tu, lenta ginestra, / Che di selve odorate / Queste campagne dispogliate adorni, / Anche tu presto alla crudel possanza / Soccomberai del sotterraneo foco,( [...] ) E piegherai / Sotto il fascio mortal non renitente / Il tuo capo innocente: / Ma non piegato insino allora indarno / Codardamente supplicando innanzi / Al futuro oppressor; ma non eretto / Con forsennato orgoglio inver le stelle, / Né sul deserto, dove / E la sede e i natali / Non per voler ma per fortuna avesti; / Ma più saggia, ma tanto / Meno inferma dell'uom, quanto le frali / Tue stirpi non credesti / O dal fato o da te fatte immortali». (G. Leopardi, ''La ginestra'').&lt;br /&gt;Le flor de Leopardi symbolisa le heroismo sin sperantia final, durante illo de Manzoni spera sempre le intervention final del Gratia resolutori, in le vicissitudes historic (le ''provida sventura'') e ultra. Cfr. notas al ''Canti'', ed. Garzanti, pag. 324, que cita [[Piero Bigongiari|Bigongiari]], [[Giuseppe De Robertis|De Robertis]] e [[Franco Fortini|Fortini]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Super un terreno tanto impregnante de pessimismo existential, le Providentia, id es le modo mysteriose con que Deo age in le vita human, dispensante le Salvation a su filios, joca un rolo fundamental. Apprehendite al schola del moralista del seculo XVII Bossuet,&lt;ref&gt;Vide in general le essay de {{harvnb|Parisi}}, cuje introduction es jam eloquente super le thema:{{Citation|Pro studiar Manzoni il es necessari prender in consideration, ultra le cultura europee del prime '800, illo del seculos precedente, con attention particular al catholicismo elaborate in Francia per autores del seculo XVII como Bossuet, Nicole e Pascal.|{{harvnb|Parisi|p. 1}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; le Providentia joccara un rolo fundamental non solmente intra ''I promessi sposi'', ma anque in le altere obras &quot;minor&quot;:&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Tonelli|p. 221}}&lt;/ref&gt; le varie personas manzonian debera suffrer patimentos e injustitias intra un mundo corrupte e dominate per un decadentia civil, moral e cultural,&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Frare|pp. 147-165}} revoca, in facto, le condemnation cultural, moral e civil del intellectuales del Oitocento contra le [[Barocco]] e dunque le seculo XVII, in tanto que seculo «stupide e sfarzose» (p. 155), «impregnate de superstition e de magia, provincial e retardate» (p. 156) e expression, in general, del mal governamento espaniol in [[Lombardia]].&lt;/ref&gt; e solmente le action del Providentia (appellate, in iste contexto dolorose, anque con le nomine de ''provida sventura'') permittera les de devenir victimas e de obtener ille justitia attendite vanmente sur le terra e que essera in vice dispensate in le Celo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Parisi|p. 90}}, analysante le morale de Bossuet, se concentra super le valor &quot;providential&quot; del disaventuras que pote occurrer al homines juste:{{Citation|Deo mira al salute ultime del conscientia &lt;nowiki&gt;[…]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Le suffrentias que colpe un persona trova in iste perspectiva su justification ethic: Enrichetta de Francia, qui sin su disaventuras haberea peccate de orgolio, ha recipite gratias a illos le consolationes promittite a illes qui plora. Le disventura ha essite 'providential' como illo que colpe le Ermengarda manzonian.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iste vision tanto pessimista del mundo es debite, anque, al tonalitates profundemente [[jansenista]] que le directores spiritual de Manzoni, Degola primo e Tosi postea, le impartiva in affrontar le vicissitudes human. In realitate, tamen, Manzoni remaneva sempre, del puncto de vista dogmatic, un catholic, mantenente solmente un sever morale de vita proxime al ambientes jansenista. Como sublinea [[Giuseppe Langella]], super le question fundamental del [[Gratia (theologia)|Gratia]]: «Manzoni se conforma sin reservationes al inseniamento official del Ecclesia, confide in le exhortation apostolic del [[evangelio secundo Matthaeo]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{Treccani|et-aperietur-vobis-pulsate|Discurso del monte|accesso=28 januario 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''&quot;petite, et dabitur vobis&quot;''… Nulle discrimination, dunque, in le offerta misericordiose del gratia. Manzoni es peremptori: le adjuta divin non es negate a nulle qui lo demanda…».&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Langella|p. 159}}. Citante le passage del Evangelio, [[Giuseppe Langella|Langella]] intende relevar le paternitate divine que soccurre e veni in adjuta de su filios quando illes lo demanda, explicante assi le concepto del Providentia christian.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manzoni dramaturgo e romanziere ===
[[File:Manzoni 1829.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Portrait de Alessandro Manzoni in 1829|Portrait de Alessandro Manzoni ab un [[aquarello]] de 1829, reproducite in {{harvnb|Cantù}}.|241x241px]]
==== Inter morale e realismo ====
Le scena, secundo Manzoni, non debe vehicular passiones e forte emotiones, in le exasperation del io, ma inducer le spectator a meditar: al «identification emotional» de Racine e del teatro francese il debe substituer le «emotion meditate», pro dicer lo con [[Gino Tellini]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Tellini|p. 92}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le vicissitude e le representation debe transmitter un message christian sin pro isto presentar un realitate idyllic: al contrario, Manzoni va in cerca de personas qui, como [[Francesco Bussone]], le conte de Carmagnola, se oppone al mal que domina le societate, mesmo al precio del vita.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Ferroni|p. 47}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le importante es que le dramaturgo cerca le veritate e remane fidel al realitate historic (le ''vero storico''), lassante al poeta le carga de investigar le sentimentos del protagonista in un determinante contexto.

Se delinea assi ille forte vena realistic que dominara anque le economia del romanzo, ab ''Fermo e Lucia'' usque al ''Quarantana'' de ''I promessi sposi'', ubi le [[realismo (litteratura)|realismo]] emerge precisamente del ultime capitulo: il non ha un fin felice, ma un continuation del vita quotidian signate per le disaventuras del protagonistas.&lt;ref&gt;Vide, super iste puncto, le essay de {{Harvnb|Forti|titulo=Manzoni e le refus del idylle}}, e le libro de {{Harvnb|Raimondi, ''Le Romanzo sin idylle''}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Le allontanamento de [[Lecco]] de Renzo e Lucia e le reprise del activitates es le fructo del selection de facer continuar le vitas del duo protagonistas intra le quotidianitate historic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Ferroni|p. 58}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:7005 - Milano - Monumento al Manzoni in p.zza San Fedele - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 8-Mar-2007.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Statua in bronzo de Alessandro Manzoni super alte pedestallo in le placia San Fedele|[[Monumento a Alessandro Manzoni (Milano)|Monumento a Alessandro Manzoni]], in [[placia San Fedele]], a [[Milano]]. Erigite in 1883 per obra de [[Francesco Barzaghi]], illo es situate ante le ecclesia de San Fedele, de cuje gradus le scriptor cadeva, reportante le [[trauma cranial]] que le conduceva al morte.]]

=== Le ''Question del lingua'' in Manzoni ===
{{Vide etiam|question del lingua}}
Manzoni, sub le impulsion del romantismo e de su necessitate de establir un dialogo con un vaste publico heterogenee, se proponeva le scopo de trovar un lingua que presentava un vocabulario plen de terminos ligate al uso quotidian e al campos specific del cognoscentia, reducente le secular disparitate inter le lingua parlate e illo scribite. Isto percurso, initiate ja con le redaction del ''Fermo e Lucia'', videva le scriptor passar, inter 1821 e 1827, del compromisso del ''bon lingua'' litterari al approximation al [[dialectos toscane|toscano]]. Le investigation se concludeva, post annos de studios facilitate etiam per le presentia del governante florentine [[Emilia Luti]], in 1840 con le revision de ''I promessi sposi'' sur le modello del florentino cultivate. Iste modello presentava, ancora plus que le toscano generic, un dimension unitaria inter le oral e le litterari. In facto, inter le edition de 1827 e illo de 1840 esseva eliminate tote le lemmata toscane municipal que esseva distante del uso del florentino currente. Iste selection, ben que approbate per le ministro [[Emilio Broglio]] in le relation de 1868, non esseva acceptate per tote le contemporaneos: [[Carlo Tenca]], in un articulo del 11 januario 1851 in le revista «Crepuscolo», se opponeva al solution manzonian. Le mesme valeva pro le [[Scapigliatura|Scapigliati]] e pro [[Giosuè Carducci|Carducci]], durante que [[Francesco d'Ovidio]], [[Carlo Collodi]], [[Edmondo de Amicis]] e [[Carlo Emilio Gadda]] se refereva al lingua del romanzo, initiando le phenomeno del ''manzonismo''.

== Le ''homine'' Manzoni ==
=== Un vita a prime vista tranquille ===
Alessandro Manzoni in 1870, al etate de octanta-cinque annos.

Como consequentia de su stilo de vita extrememente reservate, il non es facile de inquadrar Manzoni como homine. Il viveva principalmente retirate del vita public, mantenente se estranie al principal eventos mondan del citate — salvo le frequentation del [[Salotto Maffei|salon intellectual tenite per Clara Maffei]] — e distante del participation politic active al grande motiones nationalistic del [[Risorgimento]]. Tamen, il manteneva un position culturalmente e moralmente favorabile al causa del Unification (como testifica ''Adelchi'' e ''Marzo 1821''), que lo conduceva a acceptar le nomination como senator vitalicie durante su senectute. Le ration de iste attitude, ultra su character, debe esser cercate in su continue disturbi neurotic (que ille curava con longissime promenadas e un stilo de vita extrememente regular) como agoraphobia, attaccos de panico, hypochondria, lipothymias, varie phobias, inter illos le [[demophobia|timor del turba]], le [[ceraunophobia|timor del tonitros]] e le [[hydrophobia (psychopathologia)|hydrophobia]], iste ultime comprendite como timor del poças d'aqua.

Amante del vita tranquille, il menava apparentemente un vita silentiose inter Brusuglio — ubi ille se delectava con [[botanica]] e [[horticultura]] — e via del Morone, dedicate a su studios e al cura del familia. Tamen, a causa del complexos que lo affligeva, ille mesme esseva frequentemente objecto del curas de su proximos. Il cultivava insimul amicities plus proxime, ben que ille evitava nove cognoscentias con le quales se sentiva embarrassate. In le vita quotidian, ille usava principalmente le [[dialecto milanese]].

Inapte in le administration de su bens, ille monstrava al contrario grande attention al mundo circumstante, judicate con placide ironia le eventos politic e social e adoptante auto-ironia verso su proprie males. Le personas proxime sublineava su cortesia, su memoria vivissime e su capacitate discursive elegante, ben que minate per le [[balbuzie]].

=== Le description physic ===
[[File:Alessandro Manzoni - foto.jpg|thumb|alt=Portrait photographic de Alessandro Manzoni in 1868|Portrait photographic de Alessandro Manzoni (1868)]]
Le filiastero Stefano Stampa offere un portrait physiognomic assai detaliate de su patre affine, delineante etiam su movimentos e ille ''risetto'' que indicava su character ironic:

{{Citation|Manzoni esseva de [[statura]] medie, sì, ma medie plus tosto alte. Io possede le mesura de su persona, e illo esseva de 1 metro, 72 centimetros e 3 millimetros… Ille esseva de corpore ''slanciate'', ma nullemente ''gracile''; plus tosto larg de spatulas e ben conformate de torso… Con belle bracchios e belle gambas, ille haberea apparite un homine integremente ben proportionate, si ille non haberea habite, non le collo curte, sed le spatulas un pauc alte verso le capite, lo que le dava un aere un pauc incurvate &lt;nowiki&gt;[…]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Su testa esseva longe de esser parve &lt;nowiki&gt;[…]&lt;/nowiki&gt; In su juventute ille habeva le capillos castanee &lt;nowiki&gt;[…]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Le oculos de Manzoni, tamen, non esseva parve, sed de grandor ordinari, de color azur tendente al verdastro. Le fronte alte e indicante le intelligentia. Le bucca non esseva large, sed de grandor medie, e con ''labios acuminate'', sur le quales ''ordinariemente'' appareva ille risetto ben definite per Cantù, ''de qui scherza e non deride''.}} &lt;small&gt;(''Alessandro Manzoni. Si m'eût été donné'')&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Stampa|I, pp. 329-331}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== In le cultura de massa ==
{{Vide etiam|I promessi sposi#Nella cultura di massa}}
[[File:Giuseppe Verdi by Giovanni Boldini.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Portrait de Giuseppe Verdi per Giovanni Boldini|[[Giovanni Boldini]], ''Portrait de Giuseppe Verdi'', 1886. Le compositor de Parma commemorava Manzoni juste un anno post su morte con su ''Missa de Requiem''.]]
Le mesme die de su morte, le municipalitate de Milano decretava de dar al ''via del Giardino'', presso le qual Manzoni habeva habitate desde 1813, le nomine del scriptor; le placas con le nove designation ''Via Alessandro Manzoni'' esseva jam fixate le matino del 23 de maio.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita libro|autore=[[Alfredo Comandini]]|titolo=L'Italia nei cento anni del secolo XIX (1801-1900) giorno per giorno illustrata|url=https://archive.org/details/litalianeicentoa05comauoft/mode/2up/|anno=1930-1942|editore=Antonio Vallardi|città=Milano|p=182|volume=V|capitolo=23 maggio 1873|url_capitolo=https://archive.org/details/litalianeicentoa05comauoft/page/182/mode/2up/search/manzoni}} &lt;/ref&gt;
Analogemente, le principal citates italian intitularono un via o un corso a su nomine.

In [[1874]], al prime anniversario de su morte, [[Giuseppe Verdi]] dirigeva personalmente in le [[chiesa di San Marco di Milano|ecclesia de San Marco de Milano]] le [[Requiem (Verdi)|Missa de Requiem]], componite pro honorar su memoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Barbiera|p. 274}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Verdi sentiva devotion verso le autor de ''I promessi sposi'', non solmente pro su prosa e su arte, ma etiam pro le alte valor moral e civil que Manzoni propugnava con su autoritate moral. Isto es demonstrate per un littera de 1867 que le compositor inviava al commun amica Clara Maffei, plen de emotion e reverentia verso Manzoni. Vide: {{Harvnb|Verdi|pp. 390-391}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le 22 de maio [[1883]], al decennial de su morte, in presentia del [[Tommaso di Savoia-Genova|duca de Genova]] e de un representation parlamentar, le corpore esseva transferite con un ceremonia public al [[famedio]] del [[Cimitero monumentale di Milano]], in un sepulcro de granito rubie con solmente su nomine inscripte; in le postmeridie esseva inaugurate le [[monumento ad Alessandro Manzoni (Milano)|monumento in Piazza San Fedele]], opera de [[Francesco Barzaghi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.arte.it/opera/tomba-di-alessandro-manzoni-1693|titolo=Tomba di Alessandro Manzoni|editore=ARTE.it|accesso=26 gennaio 2026|urlmorto=no|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109103705/https://www.arte.it/opera/tomba-di-alessandro-manzoni-1693}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cita pubblicazione|data=27 maggio 1883|titolo=La festa manzoniana|rivista=Illustrazione Italiana|p=326|accesso=31 gennaio 2026|url=http://teca.bsmc.it/pub/images/materiale_a_stampa/periodico/RAV0070589/RAV0070589_1883_00021/RAV0070589_1883_00021_006.jpg|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210015712/http://teca.bsmc.it/pub/images/materiale_a_stampa/periodico/RAV0070589/RAV0070589_1883_00021/RAV0070589_1883_00021_006.jpg|dataarchivio=10 dicembre 2017|urlmorto=sì}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le 29 de decembre [[1923]], al occasion del cinquantesimo anniversario del morte, le [[Regno de Italia (1861-1946)|Regno de Italia]] emitteva un [[Cinquantenario della morte di Manzoni|serie commemorative de sex francobollos]], cedite in parte al comité promotore del celebration.&lt;ref&gt;Pro le detalios super le serie philatelic, vide le articulo: [[Cinquantenario della morte di Manzoni]].&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Sergio Mattarella at the 150th anniversary of Alessandro Manzoni's death - Milan 22 May 2023 - 01.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Sergio Mattarella al Famedio de Milano in 2023|Sergio Mattarella in visita al Famedio le 22 de maio 2023, al occasion del centocinquantesimo anniversario del morte de Manzoni.]]

Anque in le secunde medietate del vintesimo seculo e in le prime annos del 2000, le figura de Manzoni esseva evocate in occasiones plus o minus official: in 1973 esseva celebrate le prime centenario de su disparition e, in iste occasion, [[papa Paolo VI]] inviava al [[cardinale]] e [[arcevescovo de Milano]] [[Giovanni Colombo (cardinale)|Giovanni Colombo]] un message in le qual le pontifice brescian refaceva le percurso existential e christian del scriptor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/it/speeches/1973/may/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19730519_centenario-manzoni.html|titolo=Nel I centenario della morte di Alessandro Manzoni, 19 maggio 1973 {{!}} Paolo VI|sito=[www.vatican.va|accesso=31](http://www.vatican.va|accesso=31) gennaio 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; In ultra, alcun [[500 lire &quot;Manzoni&quot;|liras con su profilo esseva coniate al occasion del bicentenario de su nascentia]] (1985). Al centocinquantesimo anniversario de su disparition, celebrate in 2023, Manzoni esseva commemorate al nivello national tanto per le [[Parlamento italiano|Parlamento]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|autore=Pierfranco Bruni|url=https://www.corrierenazionale.net/2024/01/16/manzoni-150-presentato-alla-camera-dei-deputati-a-roma/|titolo=“Manzoni 150” presentato alla Camera dei Deputati a Roma|editore=Il Corriere Nazionale|data=16 gennaio 2024|accesso=2 gennaio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; como per le [[Presidente della Repubblica Italiana|capo del Stato]] [[Sergio Mattarella]], qui visitava le [[Cimitero monumentale di Milano|Famedio]] pro commemorar le homine de litteras.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|lingua=it|autore=Segretariato generale della Presidenza della Repubblica-Servizio sistemi informatici|url=https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/89670|titolo=150° anniversario della morte di Alessandro Manzoni|sito=Quirinale|accesso=2025-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; In ultra, gratias al intervention del [[Centro nazionale di studi manzoniani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.casadelmanzoni.it/content/manifestazioni-il-150esimo-anniversario-dalla-morte-di-manzoni|titolo=MANIFESTAZIONI PER IL 150ESIMO ANNIVERSARIO DALLA MORTE DI MANZONI {{!}} Casa Manzoni|sito=[www.casadelmanzoni.it|accesso=2025-01-02](http://www.casadelmanzoni.it|accesso=2025-01-02)}}&lt;/ref&gt; e al sensibilitate del archiepiscopato milanese,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|lingua=it-IT|url=https://www.chiesadimilano.it/news/arte-cultura/omaggio-a-manzoni-nel-duomo-di-milano-1778422.html|titolo=Omaggio a Manzoni nel Duomo di Milano – Chiesa di Milano|accesso=2025-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; esseva organise alcun eventos pro commemorar Manzoni: le publication del edition critic de ''I promessi sposi'' e del ''[[Osservazioni sulla morale cattolica]]'', per exemplo, per le prime; e le lectura in le Duomo, del 9 de maio al 31 de maio 2023, del romanzo.

Finalmente, rememora le [[parodie]] de ''I promessi sposi'' ([[I promessi sposi (Quartetto Cetra)|celle del Quartetto Cetra in 1985]] e [[I promessi sposi (miniserie televisiva 1990)|celle de ''Il Trio'' in 1990]]) e le varie adaptationes televisive, ab [[I promessi sposi (miniserie televisiva 1967)|celle de 1967]] usque al [[I promessi sposi (miniserie televisiva 1989)|adaptation dirigite per Salvatore Nocita in 1989]].

In 2023, al occasion del 150e anniversario del disparition de Alessandro Manzoni, esseva coniate un moneta commemorative de [[2 euro commemorativi|2 euros]] que representa le effigie del scriptor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://eurocollezione.altervista.org/_ITALIA_/_2_euro_2023_commemorativo_Manzoni.htm|titolo=ITALIA 2023 : 2 € commemorativo &quot;150º anniv. morte Alessandro Manzoni&quot;|sito=eurocollezione.altervista.org|accesso=2025-11-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notas ==
&lt;references group=&quot;N&quot;/&gt;

{{Ref}}

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Accame Bobbio |Given=Aurelia |Title=La crisi manzoniana del 1817 |Year=1960 |Publisher=Le Monnier |Place=Firenze}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Albani |Given=Paolo |Title=Genio e follia di Alessandro Manzoni |Year=2012 |Journal=Il caffè illustrato |Issue=64-65 |URL=http://www.paoloalbani.it/GeniofolliaManzoni.html |Access-date=31 luglio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Title=Alberi Genealogici delle Case Nobili di Milano |Year=2008 |Publisher=Orsini de Marzo |Place=Milano |Editor=Società Storica Lombarda |ISBN=978-88-7531-087-5}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Albertario (don) |Given=Davide |Chapter=Il giansenista ha messo alla luce il liberale |Title=Manzoni pro e contro - Ottocento |Year=1975 |Editor=Giancarlo Vigorelli |Publisher=Istituto propaganda libraria |Place=Milano |Pages=443–462}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Angelini |Given=Cesare |Authorlink=Cesare Angelini |Title=Il dono del Manzoni |Year=1924 |Publisher=Vallecchi |Place=Firenze}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Angelini |Given=Cesare |Authorlink=Cesare Angelini |Title=Invito al Manzoni |Year=1968 |Publisher=La Scuola Editrice |Place=Brescia}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Angelini |Given=Cesare |Authorlink=Cesare Angelini |Title=Capitoli sul Manzoni vecchi e nuovi |Year=1969 |Publisher=Mondadori |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Arrigoni |Given=Giuseppe |Title=Notizie storiche della Valsassina e delle terre limitrofe dalla più remota fino alla presente età |Year=1840 |Publisher=coi tipi di Luigi di Giacomo Pirola |Place=Milano |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=NTu6A9OFB0MC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=it#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |Access-date=20 ottobre 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Azzolin |Given=Giovanni |Title=Manzoni e i gesuiti della &quot;Civiltà cattolica&quot; |Year=1992 |Publisher=UCIIM |Place=Roma}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Badini Confalonieri |Given=Luca |Chapter=Presenza dei cattolici reazionari. Qualche riflessione a partire da Manzoni (con nuovi documenti su Manzoni e Lamennais) |Title=L’officina letteraria e culturale dell’età mazziniana (1815-1870). Giornate di studio |Year=2013 |Editor=Q. Marini |Publisher=Città del Silenzio Edizioni |Place=Novi Ligure |Pages=165–181 |URL=https://www.academia.edu/4070255/Presenza_dei_cattolici_reazionari._Qualche_riflessione_a_partire_da_Manzoni_con_nuovi_documenti_su_Manzoni_e_Lamennais_ |Access-date=22 ottobre 2015 |ISBN=978-88-97273-05-9}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Barbiera |Given=Raffaello |Title=Il salotto della contessa Maffei e la società milanese (1834-1886) |Year=1895 |Edition=4 |Publisher=Fratelli Treves |Place=Milano |URL=https://archive.org/stream/ilsalottodellaco00barb#page/n9/mode/2up |Access-date=2 ottobre 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Beltrami |Given=Luca |Title=Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1898 |Publisher=Hoepli |Place=Milano |URL=https://archive.org/stream/alessandromanzo00beltgoog#page/n8/mode/2up |Access-date=19 luglio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Bertini |Given=Diego Maria |Title=Revisione de 'La lingua di Manzoni. Avviamento alle prose manzoniane' |Year=1994 |Journal=Aevum |Volume=68 |Issue=3 |Pages=812–818 |Publisher=Vita e Pensiero |URL=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20860448?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |Access-date=7 settembre 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Bognetti |Given=Gian Piero |Title=Manzoni giovane |Year=1977 |Publisher=Guida Editori |Place=Napoli}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Boneschi |Given=Marta |Title=Quel che il cuore sapeva: Giulia Beccaria, i Verri e i Manzoni |Year=2005 |Publisher=Mondadori |Place=Milano |ISBN=88-04-54779-0}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Bonfiglioli |Given=Giorgio |Title=Manzoni, la vita e le opere |Year=1949 |Publisher=Genio |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Title=Carteggio fra Alessandro Manzoni e Antonio Rosmini |Year=1901 |Editor=Giulio Bonola |Publisher=L.F. Cogliati |Place=Milano |URL=https://archive.org/details/carteggiofraale00rosmgoog/page/n9/mode/2up}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Bracalini |Given=Romano |Title=La regina Margherita |Year=1983 |Publisher=Rizzoli |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Calvi |Given=Felice |Title=Il patriziato milanese |Year=1875 |Edition=2 |Publisher=Andrea Mosconi libraio |Place=Milano |URL=https://archive.org/stream/ilpatriziatomila00calv#page/n3/mode/2up |Access-date=20 ottobre 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Cantù |Given=Cesare |Title=Alessandro Manzoni. Reminiscenze di Cesare Cantù |Year=1885 |Publisher=Fratelli Treves |Place=Milano |URL=https://archive.org/stream/alessandromanzon01cantuoft#page/n7/mode/2up |Access-date=9 agosto 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Carcano |Given=Giulio |Title=Vita di Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1873 |Publisher=Fr.lli Rechiedei |Place=Milano |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=XXfZAAAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=it#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |Access-date=19 luglio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Citati |Given=Pietro |Title=Manzoni |Year=1980 |Publisher=Mondadori |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Cousin |Given=Victor |Title=Cours d'histoire de la philosophie morale, professé à la faculté des lettres en 1819 et 1820 |Year=1841 |Publisher=Ladrange |Place=Paris |URL=https://archive.org/details/coursdhistoired02cousgoog/page/n5/mode/2up |Access-date=3 gennaio 2024}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Croce |Given=Benedetto |Authorlink=Benedetto Croce |Title=Note sulla poesia italiana e straniera del secolo decimonono. XIV. Manzoni |Year=1921 |Journal=La Critica |Volume=19 |Issue=5 |Pages=257–269 |URL=https://rosa.uniroma1.it/rosa00/index.php/la_critica/article/view/7564/7546}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Croce |Given=Benedetto |Title=Il Manzoni nel cuore dei clericali |Year=1941 |Journal=La Critica. Rivista di Letteratura, Storia e Filosofia |Volume=39 |Issue=1 |Pages=386–387 |Publisher=Direzione della Critica |Place=Napoli |URL=https://ojs.uniroma1.it/index.php/lacritica/article/download/6411/6394 |Access-date=6 luglio 2018}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Croce |Given=Benedetto |Chapter=Tornando sul Manzoni |Title=Terze pagine sparse |Year=1955 |Orig-year=1952 |Publisher=Laterza |Place=Bari}}
* {{Harvard reference |Title=Cronaca contemporanea. Roma — (Nostra Corrispondenza) — Alessandro Manzoni e Giuseppe Puccianti |Year=1873 |Journal=La Civiltà cattolica |Volume=8}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=de Feo |Given=Italo |Title=Manzoni. L'uomo e l'opera |Year=1971 |Publisher=Arnoldo Mondadori Editori |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=De Gubernatis |Given=Angelo |Title=Alessandro Manzoni - Studio biografico |Year=1879 |Publisher=Le Monnier |Place=Firenze |URL=https://archive.org/stream/alessandromanzo00gubegoog#page/n10/mode/2up |Access-date=6 gennaio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Title=Dizionario geografico-storico-statistico-commerciale degli Stati di S.M. il Re di Sardegna |Year=1842 |Editor=Goffredo Casalis |Volume=10 |Publisher=G. Maspero Libraio e Cassone e Marzorati Tipografi |Place=Torino |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=VwgUAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=it#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |Access-date=3 gennaio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Fabris |Given=Cristoforo |Title=Memorie manzoniane |Year=1901 |Publisher=Cogliati |Place=Milano |URL=https://archive.org/stream/memoriemanzonia00fabrgoog#page/n4/mode/2up |Access-date=19 luglio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Ferroni |Given=Giulio |Title=Il Romanticismo e Manzoni: Restaurazione e Risorgimento (1815-1861) |Year=2006 |Editor=Giulio Ferroni |Volume=10 |Publisher=Mondadori |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Floriani |Given=Piero |Title=Manzóni, Alessandro |Year=2016 |Journal=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |Volume=Treccani}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Forti |Given=Fiorenzo |Title=Manzoni e il rifiuto dell'idillio |Year=1973 |Journal=Giornale storico della letteratura italiana |Volume=150 |Issue=472 |Pages=481–514}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Frare |Given=Pierantonio |Title=La condanna etica e civile dell'Ottocento nei confronti del Barocco |Year=2004 |Journal=Italianistica: Rivista di letteratura italiana |Volume=33 |Issue=1 |Pages=147–165 |Publisher=Accademia Editoriale |URL=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23935366 |Access-date=30 marzo 2024}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Gadda |Given=Carlo Emilio |Chapter=Apologia manzoniana |Title=Manzoni pro e contro - Novecento, 1 |Year=1975 |Editor=Giancarlo Vigorelli |Volume=2 |Publisher=Istituto propaganda libraria |Place=Milano |Pages=333–343}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Galletti |Given=Alfredo |Title=Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1944 |Publisher=Corticelli |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Gentile |Given=Giovanni |Authorlink=Giovanni Gentile |Title=Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1923 |Series=Manzoni e Leopardi |Publisher=Fratelli Treves |Place=Milano |Pages=1–30}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Ginzburg |Given=Natalia |Title=La famiglia Manzoni |Year=1989 |Publisher=Einaudi |Place=Torino |ISBN=88-06-11568-5}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Giordano |Given=Alberto |Title=Manzoni. La vita il pensiero i testi esemplari |Year=1973 |Publisher=Accademia |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Giudice |Given=Aldo |Surname2=Bruni |Given2=Giovanni |Title=Ottocento |Year=1973 |Volume=3 |Publisher=Paravia |Place=Torino |Series=Problemi e scrittori della letteratura italiana}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Guglielmino |Given=Salvatore |Authorlink=Salvatore Guglielmino |Surname2=Grosser |Given2=Hermann |Chapter=Alessandro Manzoni |Title=Il sistema letterario. Guida alla storia letteraria e all'analisi testuale |Volume=Ottocento |Edition=2 |Place=Milano |Publisher=Principato |Year=1994 |Pages=221–237 |ISBN=88-416-1354-8}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Langella |Given=Giuseppe |Chapter=Il mistero della Salvezza. Sul primo abbozzo della &quot;Pentecoste&quot; |Title=Studi di letteratura italiana in onore di Francesco Mattesini |Year=2000 |Editor=Enrico Elli e Giuseppe Langella |Publisher=Vita e Pensiero |Place=Milano |Pages=141–184 |ISBN=88-343-0400-4 |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=ysmZ67cdFKgC&amp;pg=PA141 |Access-date=3 agosto 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Lioce |Given=Francesco |Title=PISANI DOSSI, Alberto Carlo |Year=2015 |Journal=Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani |Volume=84 |Publisher=Istituto della enciclopedia italiana |Place=Roma |ISBN=978-88-12-00032-6 |URL=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pisani-dossi-alberto-carlo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |Access-date=17 marzo 2017}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Macchia |Given=Giovanni |Title=Manzoni e la via del romanzo |Year=1994 |Publisher=Adelphi |Place=Milano |ISBN=88-459-1052-0}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Manzoni |Given=Alessandro |Editor=Giovanni Sforza |Title=Epistolario |Year=1882 |Publisher=Libreria di educazione e di istruzione Paolo Carrara editore |Place=Milano |Volume=vol. 1 (1803-1839) |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=498vAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Manzoni |Given=Alessandro |Editor=Maurizio Vitale |Title=Scritti linguistici |Year=1990 |Publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice torinese |Place=Torino}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Marazzini |Given=Claudio |Title=Questione della lingua |Year=2011 |Journal=Enciclopedia dell'Italiano |Publisher=Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana |Place=Roma |URL=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/questione-della-lingua_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)/ |Access-date=31 agosto 2015 |ISBN=978-88-12-00040-1}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Marchese |Given=Angelo |Title=Guida alla lettura di Manzoni |Year=1987 |Publisher=Mondadori |Place=Milano |ISBN=88-04-29773-5}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Farinelli |Given=Giuseppe |Authorlink=Giuseppe Farinelli (storico della letteratura) |Surname2=Mazza Tonucci |Given2=Antonia |Surname3=Paccagnini |Given3=Ermanno |Chapter=Alessandro Manzoni |Title=La letteratura italiana dell'Ottocento |Year=2002 |Publisher=Carocci |Place=Roma |Pages=79–116 |ISBN=88-430-2227-X}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Millefiorini |Given=Pietro |Title=Provando e riprovando: impegno, politica ed etica nella grande letteratura italiana |Year=2009 |Publisher=Jaca book |Place=Milano |ISBN=978-88-16-40874-6 |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=i-MAfg-qdjwC&amp;pg=PA173 |Access-date=3 agosto 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Momigliano |Given=Attilio |Authorlink=Attilio Momigliano |Title=Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1933 |Edition=3 |Publisher=Casa editrice Giuseppe Principato |Place=Messina-Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Title=Il giansenismo e l'Università di Pavia. Studi in ricordo di Pietro Stella (Pavia, 22 maggio 2009) |Year=2012 |Editor=Simona Negruzzo |Publisher=Cisalpino |Place=Milano |ISBN=978-88-205-1034-3 |URL=https://www.academia.edu/5069540}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Nigro |Given=Salvatore S. |Title=Manzoni |Year=1988 |Edition=2 |Series=Letteratura italiana Laterza |Volume=41 |Publisher=Editori Laterza |Place=Roma-Bari |ISBN=88-420-0945-8 |URL=https://archive.org/details/manzoni0000nigr}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Orlandi |Given=Andrea |Title=Le famiglie della Valsassina |Year=1932 |Publisher=Tip. La Grafica |Place=Lecco}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Parenti |Given=Marino |Title=Immagini della vita e dei tempi di Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1973 |Publisher=Sansoni |Place=Firenze}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Parisi |Given=Luciano |Title=Il tema della Provvidenza in Manzoni |Year=1999 |Journal=MLN |Volume=114 |Issue=1 |Pages=83–105 |Publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |URL=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3251294 |Access-date=4 settembre 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Pascoli |Given=Giovanni |Authorlink=Giovanni Pascoli |Title=L'eco d'una notte mitica |Year=1896 |Journal=La vita italiana |Volume=2 |Issue=7 |Pages=1–8 |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=HOUaAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA1}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Passerin d'Entrèves |Given=Alessandro |Chapter=Il &quot;nostro&quot; Manzoni |Title=Dante politico e altri saggi |Year=1955 |Publisher=Einaudi |Place=Torino}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Pensa |Given=Pietro |Title=Famiglia Manzoni: quel ramo del casato |Year=1985 |Journal=Broletto |Volume=2 |Pages=62–69 |Place=Como |URL=http://pietro.pensa.it/Famiglia_Manzoni:_quel_ramo_del_casato |Access-date=23 luglio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Pini |Given=Enzo |Title=I Manzoni dalla Valsassina alla Martesana |Year=2009 |Journal=Storia in Martesana |Issue=2 |URL=http://www.bibliomilanoest.it/storiainmartesana/pdf/numero02/pini_enzo_i_manzoni.pdf |Access-date=11 marzo 2016}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Piumati |Given=Alessandro |Title=La vita e le opere di Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1886 |Publisher=Paravia |Place=Torino |URL=https://archive.org/stream/lavitaeleopered00piumuoft#page/n3/mode/2up |Access-date=6 gennaio 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Title=Manzoni cent'anni dopo |Year=1974 |Editor=Provincia di Milano |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Radius |Given=Emilio |Title=Vita di Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1960 |Edition=2 |Orig-year=1959 |Publisher=Rizzoli |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Raimondi |Given=Ezio |Authorlink=Ezio Raimondi |Title=Alessandro Manzoni e il Romanticismo |Year=1967 |Journal=Lettere Italiane |Volume=19 |Issue=4 |Pages=441–456}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Raimondi |Given=Ezio |Title=Il Romanzo senza idillio |Year=1974 |Publisher=Einaudi |Place=Torino |ISBN=88-06-40246-3}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Riconda |Given=Giuseppe |Title=Manzoni e Rosmini |Year=2005 |Publisher=Fondazione nazionale Giuseppe Capograssi - Centro internazionale di studi rosminiani |Place=Roma - Stresa}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Stampa |Given=Stefano |Title=Alessandro Manzoni: la sua famiglia, i suoi amici |Year=1885 |Publisher=U. Hoepli |Place=Milano |URL=https://archive.org/stream/alessandromanzon00stamuoft#page/n7/mode/2up |Access-date=9 agosto 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Tellini |Given=Gino |Title=Manzoni |Year=2007 |Publisher=Salerno Editrice |Place=Roma |ISBN=978-88-8402-572-2}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Tommaseo |Given=Niccolò |Authorlink=Niccolò Tommaseo |Title=Colloqui col Manzoni di N. Tommaseo, G. Borri, R. Bonghi; seguiti da Memorie Manzoniane di Cristoforo Fabris |Year=1954 |Editor=Giovanni Titta Rosa |Publisher=Ceschina |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Tonelli |Given=Luigi |Title=Manzoni |Year=1984 |Orig-year=1928 |Publisher=Dall'Oglio |Place=Milano}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Tortoreto |Given=Alessandro |Title=Manzoni e Leopardi |Year=1971 |Journal=Aevum |Volume=45 |Issue=3 |Pages=322–336}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Trombatore |Given=Gaetano |Authorlink=Gaetano Trombatore |Title=L'esordio del Manzoni |Year=1957 |Journal=Giornale storico della letteratura italiana |Volume=134 |Issue=406}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Trombatore |Given=Gaetano |Title=I sonetti e le odi giovanili di Alessandro Manzoni e l'idillio &quot;Adda&quot; |Year=1961 |Journal=Giornale Storico della Letteratura Italiana |Volume=138 |Issue=422}}
* {{Harvard reference |Editor=Carlo Varotti |Title=Manzoni. Profilo e antologia critica |Year=2006 |Series=La letteratura italiana diretta da Ezio Raimondi |Publisher=Bruno Mondadori |Place=Milano |ISBN=88-424-9229-9 |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=jwrOcv4UkPoC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Venosta |Given=Felice |Title=Alessandro Manzoni. Cenni sulla vita e le sue opere |Year=1873 |Publisher=Carlo Barbini |Place=Milano |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=d_o9AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA154 |Access-date=3 agosto 2015}}
* {{Harvard reference |Surname=Verdi |Given=Giuseppe |Authorlink=Giuseppe Verdi |Chapter=&quot;Voi siete un santo&quot; |Title=Manzoni pro e contro - Ottocento |Year=1975 |Editor=Giancarlo Vigorelli |Publisher=Istituto propaganda libraria |Place=Milano |Pages=390–391}}
* {{Harvard reference |Title=Onoranze funebri ad Alessandro Manzoni |Year=1874 |Editor=Municipio di Milano |Place=Milano |URL=https://books.google.it/books?id=4JoZAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=it#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false |Access-date=16 marzo 2017}}

[[Categoria:Alessandro Manzoni| ]]
[[Categoria:Cavalleros del Ordine del Sanctos Mauricio e Lazaro]]
[[Categoria:Cavalleros del Ordine de Sancto Joseph]]
[[Categoria:Cavalleros del Ordine Pour le Mérite]]
[[Categoria:Cavalleros de grande croce del Ordine del Corona de Italia]]
[[Categoria:Sepultate in le Cimiterio Monumental de Milano]]
[[Categoria:Membros del Accademia del Scientias de Torino]]
[[Categoria:Poetas romantic]]
[[Categoria:Scriptor romantice]]
[[Categoria:Scriptor catholic]]
[[Categoria:Scriptor del realismo]]
[[Categoria:Personas ligate al Accademia Roveretana del Agiati]]
[[Categoria:Academicos del Crusca]]
[[Categoria:Senatores del VII legislatura del Regno de Sardinia]]
[[Categoria:Senatores del VIII legislatura del Regno de Italia]]
[[Categoria:Senatores del IX legislatura del Regno de Italia]]
[[Categoria:Senatores del X legislatura del Regno de Italia]]
[[Categoria:Senatores del XI legislatura del Regno de Italia]]
[[Categoria:Personalitates commemorate con funerales de Stato]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Juan José Flores</title>
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'''Juan José Flores y Aramburu''' ([[Puerto Cabello]], 19 de julio 1800–[[Isla Puná]], 1 de octobre 1864) esseva un [[militari]], [[politico]] e [[statista]] [[Ecuador|ecuadorian]], de origine venezuelan. Il es particularmente cognoscite como un del plus influente leaders politic de [[Ecuador]] a partir de 1830, essente su prime [[presidente]]. Il occupava le carga in tres occasiones: de 1830 a 1834; de 1839 a 1843; e de 1843 a 1845.&lt;ref name=&quot;diccionariobiograficoecuador_1&quot;&gt;{{Cita web |url=http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo10/f4.htm |título=Pérez Pimentel, Rodolfo: Diccionario biográfico Ecuador, tomo 10 – Juan José Flores y Aramburú |fechaacceso=31 de mayo de 2013 |fechaarchivo=4 de marzo de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201800/http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo10/f4.htm |deadurl=yes |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-30 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201800/http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo10/f4.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Il se distingueva como strategista del armeada de [[Grande Colombia]], habente attingite le grado de coronel ante su 30e anno de etate. Un vice le independentia esseva consolidate, [[Simón Bolívar]] le designava como governator del [[Distrito del Sur]] del [[Grande Colombia]]. Quando iste district se separava de ille in 1830, illo deveniva le actual [[Republica del Ecuador]], de que Flores esseva investite como prime presidente.

{{Referentias}}

[[Categoria:Nascite in Puerto Cabello]]
[[Categoria:Decedite in Ecuador]]
[[Categoria:Presidentes de Ecuador]]
[[Categoria:Presidentes de Ecuador nascite foras del pais]]
[[Categoria:Governatores]]
[[Categoria:Militares de Ecuador]]
[[Categoria:Militares proceres del guerra del independentia de Venezuela]]
[[Categoria:Tentativa de reconquista espaniol in Ecuador]]
[[Categoria:Presidentes de Ecuador que esseva distronate per un colpo de Stato]]
[[Categoria:Isla Floreana]]
[[Categoria:Equites del Ordine de Carlos III]]
[[Categoria:Grandes officiales del Legion de Honor]]
[[Categoria:Deputatos e membros del assembleas de Ecuador]]
[[Categoria:Generales de Venezuela]]
[[Categoria:Proprietarios de terras de Ecuador]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Boris Perchatkin</title>
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      <comment>Pagina create con “{{Infobox persona | nomine               = Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin | nomine_original      = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин | imagine              =  | legenda              =  | data_de_nascentia    = [[1 de julio]] [[1946]] | loco_de_nascentia    = [[Mirgorod]], RSS de Ucraina, Union Sovietica | data_de_morte        =  | loco_de_morte        =  | nationalitate        = Sovietic, Statounitese | occupation           = Activista de derectos hum...”</comment>
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      <text bytes="16228" sha1="pzb03m0q9k1tqfby73z57j2cp6qk2sg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox persona
| nomine               = Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin
| nomine_original      = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин
| imagine              = 
| legenda              = 
| data_de_nascentia    = [[1 de julio]] [[1946]]
| loco_de_nascentia    = [[Mirgorod]], RSS de Ucraina, Union Sovietica
| data_de_morte        = 
| loco_de_morte        = 
| nationalitate        = Sovietic, Statounitese
| occupation           = Activista de derectos human, ductor religiose
| religion             = Christianismo ([[Pentecostalismo]])
| sposo                = 
| infantes             = 6
| sito_web             = {{URL|https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}
}}

'''Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin''' (in russo: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; nate le [[1 de julio]] [[1946]]&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|titulo=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|sito_web=www.nashaamerica.com|data_de_accesso=2023-09-26|lingua=ru|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|data_archivo=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;) es le participante le plus cognoscite del movimento de emigration religiose in le citate de [[Nakhodka]] a fin del annos 1970 e initio del annos 1980&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|autor=Островская О.П.|titulo=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг. // Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|sito_web=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|data=2017-06-23|lingua=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|data_archivo=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;, defensor del derectos human que promoveva in le Statos Unites le probation in 1989 del «Emendation Lautenberg», le qual permitteva le emigration de circa 1 million de personas del antique republicas sovietic verso le Statos Unites&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|titulo=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|sito_web=spasenie.by|autor=Михаил Романович|data_de_accesso=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biographia ==
=== Prime annos e ligation con le ecclesia ===
Boris Perchatkin nasceva in le familia de un piloto militar que moriva in un accidente de traffico pauc tempore post su nascentia. Le matre de Boris, aliquanto de tempore post le morte de su prime marito, se maritava con un altere militar, qui in 1953 esseva arestacite pro inobedientia a un ordine durante un motin e condemnate a 25 annos de exilio in le campos de [[Vorkuta]]. A 16 annos de aetate, Boris trovava un ecclesia pentecostal in le citate de Nakhodka e se univa a illo. Plus tarde ille comenciava a colliger information super le persecution del credentes e a compartir lo activemente con jornalistas estranier&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|titulo=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|sito_web=usa.one|autor=Виктория Семёнова|data=2020-01-03|data_de_accesso=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Integration in le movimento de emigration e contactos con dissidentes (1976–1980) ===
In 1976, Perchatkin, insimul con su collegas Vasili Patrushev, V. A. Burlachenko e Vladimir Stepanov, stabiliva contacto con [[dissidente]]s in Moscova e recipeva le recommendation de «diriger le unda de emigration in un alveo organisate». In iste mesme anno occurreva le arrivata a Nakhodka del representante del [[Grupo Helsinki de Moscova]], L. V. Voronina. A partir de iste anno, Perchatkin promoveva activemente le exito de massa del pentecostales foras del [[Union Sovietica|URSS]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. In iste mesme anno, Perchatkin trimitteva appelationes al [[Organisation del Nationes Unite|ONU]], al [[Consilio Mundial de Ecclesias]] e al chefes de Stato signatores del [[Accordos de Helsinki]], in le quales ille parlava super le persecution constante del credentes in le URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

In 1977, insimul con Nikolai Gorety, ille interveniva in defensa del [[dissidente]]s arestacite [[Aleksandr Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] e [[Anatoly Shcharansky]], dirigente se al christianos del mundo in nomine del pentecostales&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. In ille mesme anno, insimul con altere christianos de differente confessiones, ille participava in un greva de fame publica, cuje objectivo esseva le obtention del permission de exito pro le christianos persecutite del URSS&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|titulo=Dissidents fast across USSR|sito_web=The Ukrainian Weekly|data=1977-10-09|lingua=en|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|data_archivo=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Le 20 de decembre 1978, Perchatkin tentava transmitter per le officina postal de Nakhodka un telegramma de felice anno novo al [[Presidente del Statos Unites|presidente del Statos Unites]] [[Jimmy Carter]] con un solicitation de attention verso illes qui non ha libertate de culto&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|titulo=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|autor=Андрей Дементьев|sito_web=Русский остров|data=2011|paginas=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|data_archivo=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Desde 1979 ille realisava labores de organisation pro le creation in le URSS de un Centro de credentes orientate al emigration, aspirante al rolo de su ductor. In 1980 ille esseva electe secretario del create Consilio de Ecclesias de pentecostales sovietic orientate al emigration&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

A fin de 1979, Perchatkin scribeva un declaration «Al Congresso e al governamento del Statos Unites, al governamentos de Canada, Australia, Anglaterra, Germania Occidental, Francia e Italia», in le qual ille narrava le realitate sovietic, le dispositiones del programma del PCUS super questiones de religion in le URSS, e exponeva le legislation sovietic super cultos religiose&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

=== Repression de stato e prision ===
Ille esseva le membro le plus active del committe de credentes que presentava le solicitation de emigration. Le poter sovietic organisava un campania de discreditation contra Perchatkin e su familia per le publication in le jornal central del citate de articulos como «Le hypocrita a grande e a parve scala», «Convictiones per calculo», «Antea que sia tro tarde» e alteres&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Le 21 de augusto 1980, Perchatkin esseva arestacite in Nakhodka, e a fin de martio 1981&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|titulo=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|sito_web=Defense Technical Information Center|lingua=en|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|data_archivo=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; esseva condemnate secundo le articulo 190.1 del Codice Penal del RSFS de Russia pro le dissemination de «falsitates intentional que diffamava le systema de stato e social sovietic» a 2 annos de privation de libertate&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;/&gt;. Secundo un reporto del station de radio «Voice of America», durante le investigation e in le processo judicial se applicava substantias chimic (neurolepticos) a Perchatkin, a causa del quales ille perdeva le conscientia&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

In augusto 1982, Perchatkin esseva liberate e in sequito continuava luctante pro le derecto a emigrar del URSS. In februario 1983 ille esseva arestacite de novo, e plus tarde condemnate secundo le articulo 218, parte 2, del Codice Penal del RSFS de Russia a 1,5 annos pro le possession illegal de armas blanc&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Labor diplomatic e emigration al Statos Unites ===
In 1987, Perchatkin redactava un reporto pro le Congresso del Statos Unites «Super le stato del religion in le URSS». Iste reporto esseva legite in le Congresso del Statos Unites, e Perchatkin esseva invitate a un reunion con le Secretario de Stato del Statos Unites [[George Shultz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; pro dialogar super le migration religiose, como etiam con le Presidente del [[Corte Supreme del Statos Unites]] [[William Rehnquist]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; e le Subsecretario de Stato del Statos Unites pro Affaires Religiose. In maio 1988, con motivo del visita official del Presidente del Statos Unites [[Ronald Reagan]] al URSS pro reunir se con [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], Perchatkin esseva invitate a un reunion con le sposa de Reagan — [[Nancy Reagan]] — como parte de un delegation de 40 personas pro tractar le question del libertate religiose in le URSS. Le 30 de maio 1988, Perchatkin representava le protestantes sovietic in ille reunion. Durante circa duo horas ille narrava a Nancy Reagan le situation del libertate religiose in le URSS, post le qual Nancy Reagan invitava Perchatkin a leger su reporto super le situation del religion in le URSS in le Congresso del Statos Unites&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|autor=Гура В.О.|titulo=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|sito_web=Гілея: науковий вісник|data=2018|numero=135|paginas=171–175|lingua=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&amp;I21DBN=UJRN&amp;P21DBN=UJRN&amp;IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&amp;Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Le 26 de julio 1988, Perchatkin emigrava al Statos Unites&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt; insimul con tote su familia&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Le 4 de augusto 1988 ille interveniva in le [[Congresso del Statos Unites]] con un reporto super le genocidio del credentes in le URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|titulo=Фото|lingua=ru|sito_web=russiainphoto.ru|data_de_accesso=2023-09-26|data_archivo=2023-09-26|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le qual ille debatteva plus tarde con congressistas, senatores e diplomatas&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;. Le resultato de iste debattos&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|titulo=25-летие начала исхода|sito_web=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|autor=Виталий Футорный|data=2013-08-11|lingua=ru|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|data_archivo=2024-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; esseva le probation in 1989 del «Emendation Lautenberg», nominate assi pro le senator democrata del stato de [[New Jersey]], [[Frank Lautenberg]]. In le prime decennio de vigor de iste emendation, entravas in le Statos Unites circa 350 000 migrantes religiose&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;/&gt;, e in le periodo usque 2010 — circa 1 million&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt;. Le exito de massa del pentecostales de Nakhodka comenciava in 1988, quando sortiva 152 adultos, sin contar le infantes parve. In 1989 emigrava de Nakhodka 45 pentecostales adultos&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Activitate de derectos human in Statos Unites ===
Essente in le Statos Unites, Perchatkin creava su proprie sito web de internet, ubi ille describeva le detalios de su aresto e prision durante su lucta pro le emigration&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|titulo=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|data_de_accesso=2023-09-25|data_archivo=2023-09-26|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; e organisava le organisation christian de derectos human ARRC&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; (American-Russian Relief Committee)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&amp;pg=PA21|titulo=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|sito_web=U.S. Government Printing Office|data=2007|lingua=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ille etiam publicava su libro autobiographic «Semitas de igne» (''Огненные тропы''), reeditate in varie occasiones&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

In le estate de 2025, Boris Perchatkin, insimul con personas de su mesme ideas in le [[Departamento de Stato del Statos Unites]] e in le [[Commission del Statos Unites pro le Libertate Religiose International]], parlava super le facto que le christianos pacifista in Ucraina e Russia es persecutite, se les denega le servitio civil alternative, es mobilisate per fortia, suffre arestos, violentia e minacias pro refusar participar in combattes, e etiam suffre discrimination e persecution penal. In relation con isto, Boris Perchatkin promoveva le creation de un quota migratori separate pro le christianos pacifista ucrainian que arrivava al Statos Unites per le programma [[Uniting for Ukraine|U4U]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|titulo=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|sito_web=Slavic Sacramento|data=2025-07-15|data_de_accesso=2025-11-27|data_archivo=2025-08-15|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mentiones ==
Le physico e premio Nobel [[Andrei Sakharov]] mentionava Boris Perchatkin inter le prisioneros politic sovieti in su articulo de 1981 «Le responsabilitate del scientificos»&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|titulo=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|data_archivo=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referentias ==
{{referentias}}

== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Sito web personal de Boris Perchatkin]
* {{Cita web|autor=Michael Rowe|titulo=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|sito_web=Religion in Communist Lands|data=2008-01-02|numero=3|paginas=337–339|lingua=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}}
* {{Cita web|autor=Catherine Wanner|titulo=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|sito_web=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|data=2010-01|numero=1–2|paginas=44–66|lingua=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}}
* {{Cita web|autor=Special To the New York Times|titulo=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|sito_web=The New York Times|data_de_accesso=2025-12-18|lingua=en|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|data_archivo=2018-03-10}}</text>
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      <text bytes="16778" sha1="glfa9izn6uttc4edop81tkiri8514fo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox persona
| nomine               = Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin
| nomine_original      = Борис Георгиевич Перчаткин
| imagine              = 
| legenda              = 
| data_de_nascentia    = [[1 de julio]] [[1946]]
| loco_de_nascentia    = [[Mirgorod]], RSS de Ucraina, Union Sovietica
| data_de_morte        = 
| loco_de_morte        = 
| nationalitate        = Sovietic, Statounitese
| occupation           = Activista de derectos human, ductor religiose
| religion             = Christianismo ([[Pentecostalismo]])
| sposo                = 
| infantes             = 6
| sito_web             = {{URL|https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}
}}

'''Boris Georgiyevich Perchatkin''' (in russo: ''Бори́с Гео́ргиевич Перча́ткин''; nate le [[1 de julio]] [[1946]]&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|titulo=Он спас 1 млн человек. Сегодня они не могут собрать ему на операцию. Как же так?|sito_web=www.nashaamerica.com|data_de_accesso=2023-09-26|lingua=ru|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926133215/http://www.nashaamerica.com/blogi/chtivo/item-894/|data_archivo=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;) es le participante le plus cognoscite del movimento de emigration religiose in le citate de [[Nakhodka]] a fin del annos 1970 e initio del annos 1980&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|autor=Островская О.П.|titulo=Судьбы участников эмиграционного движения пятидесятников на дальнем востоке в 1970-1980-х гг. // Владивосток – точка возвращения: прошлое и настоящее русской эмиграции. Материалы Второй международной научной конференции|url=http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|sito_web=Дальневосточный юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации|data=2017-06-23|lingua=ru|isbn=978-5-9753-0229-8|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65|data_archivo=2023-09-26|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-08-31|archivedate=2023-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926080912/http://dot.kostacademy.kz/bible/files/769476832.pdf#page=65}}&lt;/ref&gt;, defensor del derectos human que promoveva in le Statos Unites le probation in 1989 del «Emendation Lautenberg», le qual permitteva le emigration de circa 1 million de personas del antique republicas sovietic verso le Statos Unites&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://spasenie.by/publ/pravozashhitnik_boris_perchatkin_smertelno_bolen/4-1-0-82|titulo=Правозащитник, Борис Перчаткин, смертельно болен|sito_web=spasenie.by|autor=Михаил Романович|data_de_accesso=2023-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Biographia ==
=== Prime annos e ligation con le ecclesia ===
Boris Perchatkin nasceva in le familia de un piloto militar que moriva in un accidente de traffico pauc tempore post su nascentia. Le matre de Boris, aliquanto de tempore post le morte de su prime marito, se maritava con un altere militar, qui in 1953 esseva arestacite pro inobedientia a un ordine durante un motin e condemnate a 25 annos de exilio in le campos de [[Vorkuta]]. A 16 annos de aetate, Boris trovava un ecclesia pentecostal in le citate de Nakhodka e se univa a illo. Plus tarde ille comenciava a colliger information super le persecution del credentes e a compartir lo activemente con jornalistas estranier&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://usa.one/2020/01/boris-perchatkin-o-veruyushhix-v-sssr-immigracii-v-ssha-i-aktivizme/|titulo=Борис Перчаткин — о том, как помогал верующим из СССР попасть в США|sito_web=usa.one|autor=Виктория Семёнова|data=2020-01-03|data_de_accesso=2023-09-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Integration in le movimento de emigration e contactos con dissidentes (1976–1980) ===
In 1976, Perchatkin, insimul con su collegas Vasili Patrushev, V. A. Burlachenko e Vladimir Stepanov, stabiliva contacto con [[dissidente]]s in Moscova e recipeva le recommendation de «diriger le unda de emigration in un alveo organisate». In iste mesme anno occurreva le arrivata a Nakhodka del representante del [[Grupo Helsinki de Moscova]], L. V. Voronina. A partir de iste anno, Perchatkin promoveva activemente le exito de massa del pentecostales foras del [[Union Sovietica|URSS]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. In iste mesme anno, Perchatkin trimitteva appelationes al [[Organisation del Nationes Unite|ONU]], al [[Consilio Mundial de Ecclesias]] e al chefes de Stato signatores del [[Accordos de Helsinki]], in le quales ille parlava super le persecution constante del credentes in le URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

In 1977, insimul con Nikolai Gorety, ille interveniva in defensa del [[dissidente]]s arestacite [[Aleksandr Ginzburg]], [[Yuri Orlov]] e [[Anatoly Shcharansky]], dirigente se al christianos del mundo in nomine del pentecostales&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. In ille mesme anno, insimul con altere christianos de differente confessiones, ille participava in un greva de fame publica, cuje objectivo esseva le obtention del permission de exito pro le christianos persecutite del URSS&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|titulo=Dissidents fast across USSR|sito_web=The Ukrainian Weekly|data=1977-10-09|lingua=en|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf|data_archivo=2023-09-26|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-08-31|archivedate=2023-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926074510/https://archive.ukrweekly.com/print-media/1977/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1977-38.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Le 20 de decembre 1978, Perchatkin tentava transmitter per le officina postal de Nakhodka un telegramma de felice anno novo al [[Presidente del Statos Unites|presidente del Statos Unites]] [[Jimmy Carter]] con un solicitation de attention verso illes qui non ha libertate de culto&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|titulo=АВЕН-ЕЗЕР. Евангельское движение в Приморье 1898-1990 годы|autor=Андрей Дементьев|sito_web=Русский остров|data=2011|paginas=213|isbn=978-5-93577-054-2|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf|data_archivo=2023-09-25|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2026-08-31|archivedate=2023-09-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925212100/http://www.rusbaptist.stunda.org/aven-ezer-primorje.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Desde 1979 ille realisava labores de organisation pro le creation in le URSS de un Centro de credentes orientate al emigration, aspirante al rolo de su ductor. In 1980 ille esseva electe secretario del create Consilio de Ecclesias de pentecostales sovietic orientate al emigration&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

A fin de 1979, Perchatkin scribeva un declaration «Al Congresso e al governamento del Statos Unites, al governamentos de Canada, Australia, Anglaterra, Germania Occidental, Francia e Italia», in le qual ille narrava le realitate sovietic, le dispositiones del programma del PCUS super questiones de religion in le URSS, e exponeva le legislation sovietic super cultos religiose&lt;ref name=&quot;nashaamerica&quot;/&gt;.

=== Repression de stato e prision ===
Ille esseva le membro le plus active del committe de credentes que presentava le solicitation de emigration. Le poter sovietic organisava un campania de discreditation contra Perchatkin e su familia per le publication in le jornal central del citate de articulos como «Le hypocrita a grande e a parve scala», «Convictiones per calculo», «Antea que sia tro tarde» e alteres&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

Le 21 de augusto 1980, Perchatkin esseva arestacite in Nakhodka, e a fin de martio 1981&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|titulo=Chronology of Soviet Dissidence: January 1970 through December 1982|sito_web=Defense Technical Information Center|lingua=en|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002220919/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA145453.pdf|data_archivo=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; esseva condemnate secundo le articulo 190.1 del Codice Penal del RSFS de Russia pro le dissemination de «falsitates intentional que diffamava le systema de stato e social sovietic» a 2 annos de privation de libertate&lt;ref name=&quot;dtic&quot;/&gt;. Secundo un reporto del station de radio «Voice of America», durante le investigation e in le processo judicial se applicava substantias chimic (neurolepticos) a Perchatkin, a causa del quales ille perdeva le conscientia&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

In augusto 1982, Perchatkin esseva liberate e in sequito continuava luctante pro le derecto a emigrar del URSS. In februario 1983 ille esseva arestacite de novo, e plus tarde condemnate secundo le articulo 218, parte 2, del Codice Penal del RSFS de Russia a 1,5 annos pro le possession illegal de armas blanc&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Labor diplomatic e emigration al Statos Unites ===
In 1987, Perchatkin redactava un reporto pro le Congresso del Statos Unites «Super le stato del religion in le URSS». Iste reporto esseva legite in le Congresso del Statos Unites, e Perchatkin esseva invitate a un reunion con le Secretario de Stato del Statos Unites [[George Shultz]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; pro dialogar super le migration religiose, como etiam con le Presidente del [[Corte Supreme del Statos Unites]] [[William Rehnquist]]&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; e le Subsecretario de Stato del Statos Unites pro Affaires Religiose. In maio 1988, con motivo del visita official del Presidente del Statos Unites [[Ronald Reagan]] al URSS pro reunir se con [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], Perchatkin esseva invitate a un reunion con le sposa de Reagan — [[Nancy Reagan]] — como parte de un delegation de 40 personas pro tractar le question del libertate religiose in le URSS. Le 30 de maio 1988, Perchatkin representava le protestantes sovietic in ille reunion. Durante circa duo horas ille narrava a Nancy Reagan le situation del libertate religiose in le URSS, post le qual Nancy Reagan invitava Perchatkin a leger su reporto super le situation del religion in le URSS in le Congresso del Statos Unites&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;&gt;{{Cita web|autor=Гура В.О.|titulo=Історія та есхатологічні мотиви релігійної еміграції пізніх протестантів із СРСР 1987–2017 рр.|sito_web=Гілея: науковий вісник|data=2018|numero=135|paginas=171–175|lingua=uk|issn=2076-1554|url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&amp;I21DBN=UJRN&amp;P21DBN=UJRN&amp;IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&amp;Image_file_name=PDF/gileya_2018_135_47.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Le 26 de julio 1988, Perchatkin emigrava al Statos Unites&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt; insimul con tote su familia&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;. Le 4 de augusto 1988 ille interveniva in le [[Congresso del Statos Unites]] con un reporto super le genocidio del credentes in le URSS&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/|titulo=Фото|lingua=ru|sito_web=russiainphoto.ru|data_de_accesso=2023-09-26|data_archivo=2023-09-26|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926063526/https://russiainphoto.ru/photos/195013/}}&lt;/ref&gt;, le qual ille debatteva plus tarde con congressistas, senatores e diplomatas&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;. Le resultato de iste debattos&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|titulo=25-летие начала исхода|sito_web=Диаспора. Славянская общественная газета|autor=Виталий Футорный|data=2013-08-11|lingua=ru|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508015913/https://issuu.com/afisha/docs/diaspora_08-11-13/9|data_archivo=2024-05-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; esseva le probation in 1989 del «Emendation Lautenberg», nominate assi pro le senator democrata del stato de [[New Jersey]], [[Frank Lautenberg]]. In le prime decennio de vigor de iste emendation, entravas in le Statos Unites circa 350 000 migrantes religiose&lt;ref name=&quot;gura&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;semenova&quot;/&gt;, e in le periodo usque 2010 — circa 1 million&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt;. Le exito de massa del pentecostales de Nakhodka comenciava in 1988, quando sortiva 152 adultos, sin contar le infantes parve. In 1989 emigrava de Nakhodka 45 pentecostales adultos&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

=== Activitate de derectos human in Statos Unites ===
Essente in le Statos Unites, Perchatkin creava su proprie sito web de internet, ubi ille describeva le detalios de su aresto e prision durante su lucta pro le emigration&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/|titulo=Персональный сайт Бориса Перчаткина|data_de_accesso=2023-09-25|data_archivo=2023-09-26|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926084710/https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; e organisava le organisation christian de derectos human ARRC&lt;ref name=&quot;romanovich&quot;/&gt; (American-Russian Relief Committee)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_YhIiVBx_5kC&amp;pg=PA21|titulo=Unregistered Religious Groups in Russia: Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe|sito_web=U.S. Government Printing Office|data=2007|lingua=en|isbn=978-0-16-077910-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ille etiam publicava su libro autobiographic «Semitas de igne» (''Огненные тропы''), reeditate in varie occasiones&lt;ref name=&quot;ostrovskaya&quot;/&gt;.

In le estate de 2025, Boris Perchatkin, insimul con personas de su mesme ideas in le [[Departamento de Stato del Statos Unites]] e in le [[Commission del Statos Unites pro le Libertate Religiose International]], parlava super le facto que le christianos pacifista in Ucraina e Russia es persecutite, se les denega le servitio civil alternative, es mobilisate per fortia, suffre arestos, violentia e minacias pro refusar participar in combattes, e etiam suffre discrimination e persecution penal. In relation con isto, Boris Perchatkin promoveva le creation de un quota migratori separate pro le christianos pacifista ucrainian que arrivava al Statos Unites per le programma [[Uniting for Ukraine|U4U]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/|titulo=В США обсуждают защиту христиан из Украины и России|sito_web=Slavic Sacramento|data=2025-07-15|data_de_accesso=2025-11-27|data_archivo=2025-08-15|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815145842/https://www.slavicsac.com/2025/07/14/ukraine-russian-christians/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Mentiones ==
Le physico e premio Nobel [[Andrei Sakharov]] mentionava Boris Perchatkin inter le prisioneros politic sovieti in su articulo de 1981 «Le responsabilitate del scientificos»&lt;ref&gt;{{Cita web|url=https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|titulo=Сахаров. Ответственность учёных|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222415/https://www.sakharov.space/lib/otvetstvennost-uchenyh|data_archivo=2023-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referentias ==
{{referentias}}

== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://bperchatkin.wordpress.com/ Sito web personal de Boris Perchatkin]
* {{Cita web|autor=Michael Rowe|titulo=The Soviet pentecostal emigration movement|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09637498308431098|sito_web=Religion in Communist Lands|data=2008-01-02|numero=3|paginas=337–339|lingua=en|doi=10.1080/09637498308431098}}
* {{Cita web|autor=Catherine Wanner|titulo=Religion and Refugee Resettlement: Evolving Connections to Ukraine since World War II|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/css/44/1-2/article-p44_4.xml|sito_web=Canadian-American Slavic Studies|data=2010-01|numero=1–2|paginas=44–66|lingua=en|issn=2210-2396|doi=10.1163/221023910X512796}}
* {{Cita web|autor=Special To the New York Times|titulo=Soviet Pentecostals Meet Illegally and Form Council|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|sito_web=The New York Times|data_de_accesso=2025-12-18|lingua=en|url_archivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310060316/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/05/archives/soviet-pentecostals-meet-illegally-and-form-council-20-delegates.html|data_archivo=2018-03-10}}</text>
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