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Argentina
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'''Argentina'''{{linfo}}, officialmente le '''Republica Argentin''', es un [[Soveranitate|stato soveran]], organisate como [[Republica]] [[Democratia representative|representative]] e [[Federation|federal]], situate in le extremo sud-est de [[America del Sud]] e forma parte de [[America Latin]]. Su territorio es dividite in [[Provincias del Argentina|provincias]] e un citate autonome, [[Buenos Aires]], capital del nation e sede del governamento federal. Argentina ha indices de [[indice de disveloppamento human|disveloppamento human]], [[renta per capita]] e [[qualitate de vita]], que se incontra inter le plus altes de [[America Latin]].Secundo le [[Banco mundial]], su [[Producto brute interne|PBI]] nominal es le 27º plus importante del mundo, ma si on considera le poter acquisitive su PBI total transforma le pais in le 22º economia plus importante del mundo. In 2010, Argentina esseva classificate como un pais de receptas median-alte o como un [[pais recentemente industrializate|mercato emergente]], anque per le Banco Mundial.
Per su extension, 2.780.400 km², illo es le secunde [[stato]] plus grande de America latin, quarte in le continente american e [[Annexo:Paises per superficie|octave in le mundo]], considerante solmente le superficie continental subjecte a su soveranitate effective. Si on considera le [[Insulas Malvinas]], [[Insulas Georgias del Sud]], [[Insulas Sándwich del Sud|Insulas Sandwich del Sud]] e [[Insulas Aurora]] (administrate per le [[Regno Unite]] ma de soveranitate [[Question del Insulas Malvinas|in litigio]] con le Argentina), plus le zona antarctic reclamate al sud del parallelo 60° S, denominate [[Antarctica Argentin]] (que include le [[insulas Orcadas del Sud]] e [[insulas Shetland del Sud]]), le superficie total se elevarea a 3 761 274 km², convertente se in le septime pais plus grande del mundo. Nonobstante, iste reclamation es affectate per illo que es establite in le [[Tractado Antarctic|Tractato Antarctic]], sin que su signatura constitue un renunciation.
Su superficie continental american, que circumfere un grande parte del [[Cono Sur]], es limitate al nord con [[Bolivia]] e [[Paraguay]], al nord-est con [[Brasil]], al este con [[Uruguay]] e le [[Oceano Atlantic]], e al sud e west con [[Chile]].
Le venerdi 25 de maio 1810 esseva deponite le ultime [[vicerege]] [[Espania|espaniol]] qui governava desde [[Buenos Aires]], organisante se le [[Prime Junta]] de governamento, e le martedi [[9 de julio]] [[1816]] esseva proclamate formalmente in Tucumán [[Declaration de independentia de Argentina|su independentia]] como pais libere e soveran.
== Toponymia ==
{{AP|Origine del nomine del Republica Argentina}}
[[File:La Argentina - Del Barco Centenera - Portada original.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Pagina de titulo del poema ''[[Le Argentina]]''.]]
{| class="infobox" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right:1em; font-size: 90%; background:#FFEFDB; color:black; width:25em; max-width:37%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: justify;"|
<center>''Le nomine official del pais es '''Republica Argentina''', per ellipsis del substantivo, frequentemente on dice, correctemente, ''le Argentina''. Nonobstante, il es multe extendite le uso sin le articulo «la», de sorta que de facto, le nomine es exprimite simplemente como «Argentina».''</center>
|}
Le nomine «Argentina» proveni del [[latino]] ''argentum'' («[[Argento]]») y es associate con le mytho del [[Montanias del Argento]], commun inter le prime exploratores europee del region, e espanioles e [[Portugal|portugeses]]. Iste ultimes esseva qui denominava ''Rio da Prata'' («[[Río de la Plata]]») al grande [[estuario]] discoperite per le expedition portugese in [[1502]] in le qual participava [[Américo Vespucio]] e a ubi postea arrivava [[Juan Díaz de Solís]] in [[1516]], appellante lo ''Mar Dulce''.
Le nomine esseva mentionate le prime vece in le poema publicate en [[1602]] per le espaniol [[Martín del Barco Centenera]] intitulate ''[[La Argentina|La Argentina e conquesta del Río de la Plata]]'', in le qual se describe le region del Río de la Plata e anque le fundation del citate Buenos Aires.
Le [[toponymia|toponymo]] appare ratificate quando se publica in [[1612]] le obra ''Le Argentina manuscripte'' de [[Ruy Díaz de Guzmán]], obra de historia in le qual, in medio de un conto [[Epico|epic]], il ha un description del region. Al final del [[seculo XVIII]], le parola esseva de uso commun pro denominar tote le pertinente con le [[Río de la Plata]], su bassino, su superficie e su population, ma le viceregno create in [[1776]], antecedente immediate del pais independente in [[1816]], porta le nomine de «[[Viceregnato del Río de la Plata]]».
Le [[Prime Junta]] de Governamento utilisava le nomine de ''[[Provincias Unite del Río de la Plata]]'', que esseva anque empleate per le governamentos sequente usque que, in [[1816]], le [[Surgentia del Stato Argentin|Congreso de Tucumán]] proclamava le independentia del ''[[Provincias Unite in America del Sud]]'', nomine que se manteneva in le [[Constitution Argentin de 1819|Constitution de 1819]].
Officialmente, se utilisava le prime vice le denomination ''Republica Argentina'' in l [[Constitution Argentin de 1826|Constitution de 1826]]. Durante le governamento de [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] (1835-1852) se utilisava, inter alteres, le nomines de ''[[Confederation Argentin]]'', ''Republica del Confederation Argentin'' e ''Federation Argentin''.
Le [[Constitution Argentin de 1853]] esseva sancite in le nomine del populo del ''Confederation Argentin'', ma quando le [[Stato de Buenos Aires]] esseva incorporate, in [[1860]] esseva cambiate per ''Nation Argentin'' e se incorporava le articulo 35:
*"Le denominationes adoptate successivemente desde 1810 usque al presente, a saper: Provincias Unite del Río de la Plata; Republica Argentin, Confederation Argentin, essera in avante nomines official indistinctemente pro le designation del Governamento e superficie del provincias, empleante se le parolas "Nation Argentin" in le formation e sanction del leges."
Le 8 de octobre [[1860]], in la citate [[Paraná (Argentina)|Paraná]], in ille tempore capital del Confederation Argentin, le presidente [[Santiago Derqui]] decretava que:
* "...essente conveniente isto, respecto a establir le uniformitate in le actos administrative, le Governamento accordava que pro tote iste actos se usa le denomination Republica Argentin."
Le nomine esseva confirmate decisemente in [[1862]] per [[Bartolomé Mitre]], prime presidente del pais reunificate, quando ille utilisava le titulo de ''[[Presidente del Nation Argentin]]''.
== Historia ==
Le historia de Argentina pote esser dividite in quatro partes principal: le tempore [[Precolumbian|precolumbian]] o le historia primari (usque al seculo XVI), le periodo [[Colonial Argentina|colonial]] (1536–1809), le periodo de formation national (1810–1880), e le historia del [[Argentina moderne]] (ab circa 1880).
Le [[Prehistoria de Argentina|prehistoria]] in le territorio actual de Argentina comenciava con le prime installationes human in le extremitate sud de [[Patagonia]] circa 13,000 annos retro.
Le [[Historia scribite|historia scribite]] comenciava con le arrivata del chroniclers [[Imperio Hispanic|espaniol]] in le expedition de [[Juan Díaz de Solís]] in 1516 al [[Río de la Plata]], lo que marca le initio del occupation espaniol de iste region.
In 1776, le [[Corona de España]] establiva le [[Virreinato del Río de la Plata]], un umbrello de territorios ex le qual, con le [[Revolution de Maio]] de 1810, comenciava un processo de formation gradual de plure estados independente, includente un appellate le [[Provincias Unite del Río de la Plata]]. Con le [[Declaration de independentia de Argentina|declaration de independentia]] le 9 de julio 1816 e le defaite militar del [[Imperio Hispanic]] in 1824, un stato federal esseva formate inter 1853 e 1861, cognoscite hodie como le [[Republica Argentina]].
== Organisation territorial ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! align=center | Provincia
! align=center | [[ISO 3166-2]]
! align=center | Pop. (2010)<ref name="censo2010">[http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_totalpais.asp Censo 2010. Censo 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220143832/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_totalpais.asp |date=2010-12-20 }} (página oficial)</ref>
! align=center | Sup. (km²)<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/1/d010101.xls|título=Indec - Superficie del Republica Argentin|fechaacceso=19 de junio 2008|formato=xls|obra=[http://www.indec.mecon.ar/ Territorio/geografía]|editorial=[[Instituto National de Statistica e Censos de Argentina|Instituto National de Statistica e Censos]]|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2013-01-05|archivedate=2005-11-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109215318/http://www.indec.mecon.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/1/d010101.xls}}</ref>
! align=center | Capital
! align=center | Bandiera
|-
|align=center|'''[[Buenos Aires|Citate autonome de Buenos Aires]]''' ||align=center | AR-C ||align=right | 2.890.151 ||align=right | 202 || - ||align=center |[[File:Bandera de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]]''' ||align=center | AR-B ||align=right | 15.625.084 ||align=right | 307.571 || [[La Plata]]||align=center |[[File:Bandera de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Catamarca|Catamarca]]''' ||align=center | AR-K ||align=right | 367.828 ||align=right | 99.633 || [[San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca]] || align=center|[[File:Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Catamarca.svg|border|45px|Bandera de Catamarca]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia del Chaco|Chaco]]''' ||align=center | AR-H ||align=right | 1.055.259 ||align=right | 102.602 || [[Resistencia (Chaco)|Resistencia]]||align=center |[[File:Bandera_de_la_Provincia_del_Chaco.svg|border|45px|Bandera de Chaco]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia del Chubut|Chubut]]''' ||align=center | AR-U ||align=right | 509.108 ||align=right | 224.686 || [[Rawson]]||align=center |[[File:Flag of chubut province in argentina - bandera de chubut.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Córdoba (Argentina)|Córdoba]]''' ||align=center | AR-X ||align=right | 3.308.876 ||align=right | 165.321 || [[Córdoba (Argentina)|Córdoba]] || align=center|[[File:Flag of Cordoba Province in Argentina.svg|border|45px|Bandera de Córdoba]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Corrientes|Corrientes]]''' ||align=center | AR-W ||align=right | 992.595 ||align=right | 88.199 || [[Corrientes (Capital)|Corrientes]]||align=center |[[File:Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Corrientes.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Entre Ríos|Entre Ríos]]''' ||align=center | AR-E ||align=right | 1.235.994 ||align=right | 78.781 || [[Paraná (Argentina)|Paraná]]||align=center |[[File:Flag of Entre Ríos.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center| '''[[Provincia de Formosa|Formosa]]''' ||align=center | AR-P ||align=right | 530.162 ||align=right | 72.066 || [[Formosa (ciudad)|Formosa]]||align=center |[[File:Flag of Formosa.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Jujuy|Jujuy]]''' ||align=center | AR-Y ||align=right | 673.307 ||align=right | 53.219 || [[San Salvador de Jujuy]]||align=center |[[File:Flag of Jujuy province in Argentina.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de La Pampa|La Pampa]]''' ||align=center | AR-L ||align=right | 318.951 ||align=right | 143.440 || [[Santa Rosa (Argentina)|Santa Rosa]] ||align=center |[[File:Bandera de la Provincia de La Pampa.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de La Rioja (Argentina)|La Rioja]]''' ||align=center | AR-F ||align=right | 333.642 ||align=right | 89.680 || [[Ciudad de La Rioja|Rioja]] ||align=center |[[File:Flag of La Rioja province in Argentina.svg|border|45px]]
|-renuncia
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Mendoza|Mendoza]]''' ||align=center | AR-M ||align=right | 1.738.929 ||align=right | 148.827 || [[Mendoza (ciudad)|Mendoza]]||align=center |[[File:Flag of Mendoza Province, Argentina.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Misiones|Misiones]]''' ||align=center | AR-N ||align=right | 1.101.593 ||align=right | 29.801 || [[Posadas]]||align=center |[[File:Flag of Misiones.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia del Neuquén|Neuquén]]''' ||align=center | AR-Q ||align=right | 551.266 ||align=right | 94.078 || [[Neuquén (Capital)|Neuquén]]||align=center |[[File:Flag of Neuquen province in Argentina.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Río Negro|Río Negro]]''' ||align=center | AR-R ||align=right | 638.645 ||align=right | 203.013 || [[Viedma]]||align=center|[[File:Flag of Río Negro Province.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Salta|Salta]]''' ||align=center | AR-A ||align=right | 1.214.441 ||align=right | 155.488 || [[Ciudad de Salta|Salta]]||align=center |[[File:Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Salta.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de San Juan|San Juan]]''' ||align=center | AR-J ||align=right | 681.055 ||align=right | 89.651 || [[San Juan (Capital)|San Juan]]||align=center |[[File:Bandera de la Provincia de San Juan (1997-2018).svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de San Luis|San Luis]]''' ||align=center | AR-D ||align=right | 432.310 ||align=right | 76.748 || [[San Luis (Capital)|San Luis]]||align=center | [[File:Flag of San Luis Province.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Santa Cruz|Santa Cruz]]''' ||align=center | AR-Z ||align=right | 273.964 ||align=right | 243.943 || [[Río Gallegos]]||align=center |[[File:Bandera-Santa Cruz.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Santa Fe|Santa Fe]]''' ||align=center | AR-S ||align=right | 3.194.537 ||align=right | 133.007 || [[Santa Fe (Capital)|Santa Fe]]||align=center |[[File:Bandera-StaFe-argentina.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Santiago del Estero|Santiago del Estero]]''' ||align=center | AR-G ||align=right | 874.006 ||align=right | 136.351 || [[Santiago del Estero (Capital)|Santiago del Estero]] || align=center|[[File:Flag of Santiago del Estero.svg|border|55px]]
|-
|align=center|'''[[Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur|Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur]]''' ||align=center | AR-V ||align=right | 127.205 ||align=right | 21.571<ref>Ille non include 980.874 km² del [[Antarctica Argentin]] e le [[Insulas del Atlantico Sud]] occupate per le Regno Unite. Debite a isto, Argentina reclama soveranitate, totalizante un superficie de 1.002.445 km².</ref>|| [[Ushuaia]] || align=center|[[File:Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Tierra_del_Fuego.svg|border|45px]]
|-
|align=center |'''[[Provincia de Tucumán|Tucumán]]''' ||align=center | AR-T ||align=right | 1.448.188 ||align=right | 22.524 || [[San Miguel de Tucumán]] || align=center|[[File:Bandera_de_la_Provincia_de_Tucumán.svg|border|45px|Bandera de Tucumán]]
|-
|align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''[[Argentina|ARGENTINA]]''' ||align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | AR ||align=right style="background:#f0f0f0;"| '''40.117.096'''<ref name="Malvinas argentinas">[http://www.senado.gov.ar/web/interes/constitucion/cuerpo1.php Constitución nacional - Disposiciones transitorias - Primera]</ref> ||align=right style="background:#f0f0f0;"| '''2.780.400''' || style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''[[Buenos Aires]]'''||align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;"| [[File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg|border|45px]]
|}
== Regiones Integrate ==
[[File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salta.]]
== Vide etiam ==
* [[Raúl Alfonsín]]
* [[Ché Guevara]]
* [[Néstor Kirchner]]
* [[Eva Perón]]
* [[Juan Perón]]
* [[José de San Martín]]
* [[Lis Federico Leloir]] Laureato Nobel in chimia
* [[Jorge Luis Borges]] Autor litterari
* [[Bernardo Alberto Houssay]] Laureato Nobel,vide [[w:es:Bernardo Alberto Houssay|Bernardo Alberto Houssay]] {{es}}
== Referentias ==
<references />
{{Paises de America}}
{{elem|paises del mundo}}
[[Categoria:Argentina| ]]
gv2e0mmbgfrsulx59os8tqkfzxw5om9
Interlingua
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{{eminente}}
{{Infobox lingua
| nomine = Interlingua
| nominenative = Interlingua
| pronunciation = /inteɾˈliŋgwa/
| colores = #ADA
| creator = [[International Auxiliary Language Association|IALA]]
| data = [[1951]]
| statos = paises e regiones in cinque continentes <small>(como secunde lingua)</small>
| personas = sin datos
| fam1 = [[Lingua artificial]]
| fam2 = [[Lingua auxiliar international|Lingua auxiliar]]
| fam3 = '''''Interlingua'''''
| scriptura = [[Alphabeto latin]]
| agentia = nulle
| extracto = Tote le esseres human nasce libere e equal in dignitate e in derectos. Illes es dotate de ration e de conscientia, e debe comportar se fraternalmente le unes con le alteres.
| iso1 = ia
| iso2 = ina
| iso3 = ina
|codice=[[File:Bandiera de Interlingua.svg|thumb|Bandiera official de interlingua a partir del {{Data|15|1|2026}}]]}}
'''Interlingua''' es un [[lingua auxiliar international]] naturalistic basate super le vocabulos commun al major linguas [[Europa|europee]] e super un [[grammatica]] [[lingua anglese|anglo]]-[[linguas romanic|romanic]] simple, initialmente publicate in [[1951]] per [[International Auxiliary Language Association]] ([[IALA]]). Appellate a vices '''Interlingua de IALA''' pro distinguer lo del altere usos del parola, illo es le subjecto de iste articulo e le lingua de iste encyclopedia integre.
Interlingua es le resultato del labores de 27 annos de un equipa international de linguistas. Le equipa ha laborate in le organisation IALA ([[International Auxiliary Language Association]]), que esseva establite in [[1924]]. Le labor pro crear Interlingua habeva le initio in [[Europa]], in [[Liverpool]] e – proque le Secunde Guerra Mundial fortiava le labor a esser transferite durante le autumno de 1939 al SUA – le fin in [[New York]] in [[1951]], le equipa de linguistas ha extrahite le vocabulario international del linguas europee. In 1967, [[ISO]] ([[Organisation International pro Standardization|International Organization for Standardization]]), que normalisa le terminologia, ha votate in unanimitate pro adoptar ''Interlingua'' como le base pro ille dictionarios.<ref name="gopsill1990">{{cite book|last=Gopsill|first=F. P.|title=International languages: a matter for Interlingua|year=1990|publisher=British Interlingua Society|location=[[Sheffield]], [[England]]|isbn=0-9511695-6-4|oclc=27813762}}</ref> Interlingua es intendite que illo debe devenir un lingua commun del mundo pro succeder in servir le humanitate, ma non un sol lingua commun.
Interlingua se basa super toto in le [[Lingua anglese|anglese]], [[Lingua francese|francese]], [[Lingua espaniol|espaniol]], [[Lingua portugese|portugese]] e [[Lingua italian|italiano]], e additionalmente [[Lingua german|germano]] e [[Lingua russe|russo]]. Illo resimila un [[Linguas romanic|lingua romanic]] con un grammatica simple e multo consistente.<ref>Gopsill, F. P. ''Interlingua: A course for beginners.'' Part 1. Sheffield, England: British Interlingua Society, 1987. In anglese.</ref><ref>''Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language''. In anglese.</ref> Illo prefere usar vocabulos que on pote recognoscer in le linguas fonte. Dunque illo es facile a apprender si on parla un lingua fonte.<ref name="breinstrup">Breinstrup, Thomas, Preface, [http://www.interlingua.com/archivos/Prefacio%20-%20Contento.pdf ''Interlingua course for beginners''], Bilthoven, Netherlands: Union Mundial pro Interlingua, 2006. In anglese.</ref>
Anque [[Latino sine Flexione]] de [[Giuseppe Peano]] esseva anteriormente appellate ''Interlingua'' (o ''Interlingua de Peano''), ma iste denomination cadeva in disuso post le publication de Interlingua (de IALA). Le nomine 'Interlingua' esseva usate con le permission del Academia de Interlingua, le academia del lingua auxiliar de [[Giuseppe Peano]]. ''Interlingua'' pote in ultra esser un synonymo pro [[lingua auxiliar international]]. Vide etiam [[interlinguistica]].
== Introduction ==
Le hereditage linguistic commun de [[Europa]] e del [[America]]s es greco-latin. Le [[latino]] que ha supervivite in le [[linguas moderne]] es registrate in un libro del instituto scientific IALA ([[International Auxiliary Language Association]]) per [[linguista]]s e [[philologo]]s professional, qui [[Le historia antenatal de Interlingua|laborava]] inter [[1924]] e [[1951]].
Le resultato se nomina interlingua. Su [[grammatica]] es simplificate al maximo, e un europeo o americano instruite comprende immediatemente un texto technic o scientific in interlingua a prime vista e apprende su uso active in tempore brevissime.
Su utilitate practic se ha demonstrate como lingua de summarios in publicationes scientific, super toto in le [[medicina|campo medical]], e como lingua unic in conferentias international.
Pro le populos de [[Africa]] e [[Asia]], interlingua servi como un clave al [[linguas occidental]], del quales Interlingua es de facto le denominator commun.
In le instruction de linguas illo presenta un via rapide al vocabulario international (in le gymnasios svedese un subjecto independente) e un excellente preparation pro le studio de linguas romanic e in le studio avantiate del anglese.
== Historia ==
{{AP|Historia de interlingua}}
Post le [[Guerra Mundial I]] il habeva un crescite interesse in le idea de un lingua auxiliar international. Multe linguistas, interprenditores, e scientistas se interessava in disveloppar un optime lingua auxiliar. Con lor appoio le [[International Auxiliary Language Association]] (IALA) esseva formate in 1924 con le financiamento de [[Alice V. Morris|Alice Vanderbilt Morris]] pro studiar iste question. Finalmente, post le fallimento de attinger compromissos inter le linguas auxiliar international existente, IALA ha decidite a producer su proprie lingua auxiliar usante principios scientific. Le idea non esseva a inventar le lingua auxiliar, ma a extraher su vocabulario del parolas international commun inter le major linguas de Europa e a standardisar lo. Como on diceva, "Il non es necesse de inventar un lingua auxiliar. Lo que es necesse es solmente que on extrahe lo."
Le recerca de disveloppamento ha comenciate in [[1936]] a [[Liverpool]], Anglaterra, mais con le menacia de guerra, IALA ha movite su operationes de recerca a Nove York in 1939 sub le direction de [[Ezra Clark Stillman|E. Clark Stillman]]. In ille anno ille ha assemblate un equipa de linguistas pro facer le labor. In [[1943]] [[Ezra Clark Stillman|E. Clark Stillman]] e su assistante dr. [[Alexander Gode]] ha finite un manual "[[Interlinguistic Standardization]]" que describeva lor concepto del maniera de extraher le parolas del linguas que illes credeva contineva le plus grande concentration de parolas international: anglese, francese, italiano, e espaniol/portugese.
Le labor continuava durante le Guerra Mundial II, ma Stillman ha partite de IALA in 1943 pro servir in le governamento del Statos Unite. Dr. Gode deveniva le director de recerca pro tempore. In 1945 un General Reporto de IALA ha revelate que le equipa habeva producite un vocabulario de plus que 20.000 parolas international.
In le interim recerca e experimentation esseva interprendite pro investigar plure variantes del lingua auxiliar international usante le vocabulario international. Iste variantes esseva
# Le variante naturalistic, totalmente prototypic.
# Un variante con minime regularisation e schematisation.
# Un variante con regularisation intermedie.
In 1946 un ben cognoscite linguista francese, dr. [[André Martinet]] esseva empleate como le Director de Recerca pro producer un dictionario e un forma final pro le lingua auxiliar. Martinet ha conducite un sondage de opinion super le forma del lingua auxiliar, e le resultatos ha indicate que un lingua inter le totalmente naturalistic variante e un variante minimemente regularisate esserea favorate per le plus grande numero de personas.
In le fin de 1948 dr. [[Alexander Gode]] ha assumite le final responsabilitate pro producer un dictionario del lingua auxiliar quando Dr. Martinet ha retornate al academia al Universitate Columbia. [[Alice V. Morris]], qui ha essite le principal fortia e financiera de IALA, ha morite in Augusto de 1950 quando le forma final del dictionario esseva in preparation pro le imprimitores.
Le grammatica e vocabulario de Interlingua esseva publicate primarimente in [[1951]].
[[File:Interlingua-English-Dictionary secunde edition.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Dictionario Interlingua Anglese - un del duo operas fundamental insimul con le Grammatica dedicate a interlingua]]
Dr. Gode, con su proprie moneta ha publicate le producto final, le [[Interlingua-English Dictionary|dictionario ''Interlingua-English Dictionary'' (IED)]] in 1951, con circa 27.000 entratas, cuje formas es intermedie inter le formas del purmente prototypic variante e le variante con minime regularisation e modernisation.
[[Alexander Gode]] esseva un del promotores capital de iste effortio. Ille publicava un summario del grammatica, un dictionario unidirectional (Interlingua a anglese), e un libro introductori con le titulo ''Interlingua a Prime Vista''.
[[Alexander Gode]] e [[Hugh Blair]], qui ha essite le assistente personal de Alice V. Morris in su proprie recerca super linguas auxiliar, ha publicate al mesme tempore le ''Interlingua Grammar'', que dava un forma concrete al lingua international.
== Phonologia ==
=== Vocales ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! [[Vocal anterior|Anterior]]
! [[Vocal posterior|Posterior]]
|-
! [[Vocal clause|Clause]]
| {{IPA|i}}
| {{IPA|u}}
|-
! [[Vocal medie|Medie]]
| {{IPA|e}}
| {{IPA|o}}
|-
! [[Vocal aperte|Aperte]]
| {{IPA|a}}
|
|}
=== Consonantes ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante bilabial|Bilabial]]
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante labiodental|Labiodental]]
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante alveolar|Alveolar]]
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante postalveolar|Postalveolar]]
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante palatal|Palatal]]
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante labiovelar|Labiovelar]]
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante velar|Velar]]
!colspan="2"| [[Consonante glottal|Glottal]]
|-
! [[Consonante plosive|Occlusive]]
| {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}}
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}}
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}}
|ʔ
|
|-
! [[Consonante nasal|Nasal]]
| || {{IPA|m}}
| colspan="2"|
| || {{IPA|n}}
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! [[Consonante vibrante|Vibrante]]
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| || {{IPA|ɾ}}
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! [[Consonante fricativa|Fricative]]
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}} || {{IPA|ʒ}}
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|
|ŋ
| {{IPA|h}} ||
|-
! [[Consonante affricate|Affricate]]
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| {{IPA|ʦ}} ||
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! [[Consonante approximante|Approximante]]
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| || {{IPA|j}}
| || {{IPA|w}}
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|-
! [[Consonante lateral|Lateral]]
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| || {{IPA|l}}
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
| colspan="2"|
|}
== Grammatica ==
:''Articulo principal: [[Grammatica de Interlingua]]''
Le grammatica de Interlingua es un [[grammatica]] anglo-romance simplificate. Illo es plus simple de grammatica [[anglese]] o le grammatica del linguas [[linguas romanic|romanic]], [[linguas germanic|germanic]] e [[linguas slave|slave]].
=== Articulo ===
Le articulo definite es sempre "''le''", le articulo indefinite del singular es sempre "''un''", e il non ha un articulo indefinite de plural. Le articulos exhibi nulle accordo in forma con le substantivo sequente (non se cambia in plural o secundo genere).
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! articulo definite !! articulo indefinite
|-
| ''le'' patre || ''un'' patre
|-
| ''le'' matre || ''un'' matre
|-
| ''le'' infante'''s''' || infante'''s'''
|-
| ''le'' amica'''s''' || amica'''s'''
|}
</center>
=== Substantivo ===
Le grande majoritate del substantivos fini in un del vocales "-o" (fruct'''o'''), "-a" (pagin'''a'''), "-e" (libertat'''e'''). "-o" occurre frequentemente.
Quando le termination "-o" occurre in un parola que designa un esser MASCULIN, le correspondente FEMININ pote esser representate per le mesme parola con le termination substituite per "-a".
Le PLURAL es formate per le addition de "-s". Si le substantivo ha final in un consonante, le addition es "-es"; ma si iste consonante es "c", le addition es "-hes".
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
!singular !! plural
|-
| fructo || fructo'''s'''
|-
| planta || planta'''s'''
|-
| generation || generation'''es'''
|-
| albricoc || albricoc'''hes'''
|}
</center>
=== Adjectivos ===
Le grande majoritate del adjectivos fini in le vocal "-e" (delicate, parve), o in un del consonantes -l, -n, -r, -c (equal, american, par, cyclic).
Adjectivos placiate immediatemente presso un substantivo seque le substantivo (normal e le plus frequente).
Le adjectivo ha nulle inflexion o accordo adjectival. (Le parve femina es ''belle''. Parve femina'''s''' es '''belle'''.)
Grados de comparation de adjectivos es exprimite per le adverbios ''plus'' e ''minus''.
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
!adjectivo !! comparativo !! superlativo
|-
|grande || plus grande || le plus grande
|-
|bon || minus bon || le minus bon
|}
</center>
=== Verbos ===
Le verbos in Interlingua non ha conjugation per pronomine. Tote le formas del verbo pro tote le pronomines: "io, tu, illo, nos, vos, illos" es identic.
Le verbos in Interlingua fini a "-'''r'''" a infinitivo, e fini con "-'''a'''", "-'''e'''", o "-'''i'''" a presente, e le participio se forma con le fin "-'''te'''".
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
!pronomine !! Infinitivo !! Presente !! Passate !! Futur !! Conditional
|-
|io, tu, illo <br />nos, vos, illos<br />(formas composite) || crea'''r'''|| crea || crea'''va'''<br />('''ha''' crea'''te''') || crea'''ra'''<br />('''va''' crea'''r''') || crea'''rea'''<br />('''velle''' crea'''r''')
|}
</center>
Le intention es que Interlingua sia, essentialmente, le "medio" de tote le linguas de origine europee.
== Vocabulario ==
Interlingua es un lingua naturalistic construite con parolas del vocabulario international (in uso in le linguas con le plus parlatores international in le mundo), e con un grammatica multe simple.
Le grande majoritate del [[vocabulario]] de Interlingua es extrahite methodicamente per sequer [[Derivation de parolas in interlingua|le regula de tres e le regula de duo]], principalmente del [[Lingua anglese|anglese]] e del major [[Lingua neolatin|linguas romance]], secundarimente del [[Lingua german|germano]] e del [[Lingua russe|russo]]. Interlingua es un concretisation del vocabulario greco-latin commun que esseva incorporate durante millennios in tote le linguas de Europa e del Americas - le lingua international latente del [[scientia]], [[technologia]], e [[religion]].
=== Derivation de parolas in Interlingua ===
: ''Vide etiam [[Derivation de parolas in interlingua]] e [[Formation de parolas derivate regularmente]].''
{| class="wikitable"
!Lingua!!Substantivo !! Infinitivo !! Participio !! Subst. derivate!! Maestro del action!!Habilitate de action!!Habilitate de action repetative!!Infinitivo opposite !! Adjectivo !! Altere derivationes
|-
|IA ||'''integr'''-o || '''integr'''-ar || '''integr'''-ate || integr-itate || '''integr'''-ator ||'''integr'''-abile ||re-'''integr'''-abile || dis-'''integr'''-ar || '''integr'''-e || '''integr'''-al, '''integr'''-ante
|-
|EN ||integer || to '''integr'''-ate || '''integr'''-ated|| integr-ity || '''integr'''-ator ||'''integr'''-able ||re-'''integr'''-able || to des-'''integr'''-ate || integr-ing || whole, constituent
|-
|PT ||'''íntegr'''-o || '''integr'''-ar || '''integr'''-ado || integr-idade || '''integr'''-ador || '''integr'''-ável || re-'''integr'''-ável || des-'''integr'''-ar || '''íntegr'''-o || '''integr'''-al
|-
|
|-
|IA || '''cant'''o || '''cant'''-ar || '''cant'''-ate || '''cant'''-ata || '''cant'''-ator ||'''cant'''-abile || re-cant-abile || non-cantar (non-cantabil) || '''cantar'''-e || co-'''cantar'''
|-
|EN || song || to '''sing''' || sung || - || '''sing'''-er ||'''sing'''-able ||re-'''sing'''-able || to not '''sing''' || '''sing'''-ing || co-sing
|-
|PT || '''cant'''o || '''cant'''-ar || '''cant'''-ado || '''cant'''-oria || '''cant'''-or ||'''cant'''-ável || re-cant-ável || não cantar (incantável) || '''cant'''-ado || '''cantar'''-olar, cântico, cantiga
|-
|
|-
|IA || '''labor''' / '''travalio''' || '''labor'''- / '''travali'''-ar || '''labor'''- / '''travali'''-ate || '''labor'''-atorio || '''labor'''- / '''travali'''-ator ||'''labor'''- / '''travali'''-abile || re-'''labor'''-abile || non-laborar (non-laborabile) || '''labor'''-e , '''labor'''-iose / '''travali'''-ose || co-'''labor'''ar, e-'''labor'''ar, '''labor'''-iositate
|-
|EN || '''work''' || to '''work''' || '''work'''-ed || laboratory || '''work'''-er ||'''work'''-able ||re-'''work'''-able || non-work || '''work'''-ing , laborious || collaborate, elaborate
|-
|PT || '''labor''' ('''labuta''') / '''trabalho''' || '''labor'''-ar ('''labutar''') / '''trabalh'''-ar || e-'''labor'''-ado ('''labuta'''-do) / '''trabalh'''-ado || '''labor'''-atório || '''labor'''-ador ('''labuta'''-dor) / '''trabalh'''-ador || '''labor'''-ável / '''trabalh'''-ável || ree-'''labor'''-ável / re-trabalh-ável|| não e'''laborar''' / trabalhar (intrabalhável) || '''labori'''-oso '''trabalh'''-oso (trabalheira) || co-'''labor'''ar, e-'''labor'''ar, '''labor'''-iosidade, '''trabalh'''-ismo / -ista
|}
== Parolas prestate ==
=== Parolas prestate ab linguas natural ===
Multe parolas esseva prestate ad interlingua ab linguas natural. In le IED illos figura insimul con un symbolo de lingua de origine. Specialmente productive hic esseva francese. Exemplos es:
* ab francese: ''defaite'', ''portrait'', ''amateur'', ''chef'', ''adieu'', ''adresse'', ''affaire'', ''brochure'', ''jargon'',
* ab italiano: ''dilletante'', ''razzia'', ''schizzo'', ''torso'',
* ab anglese: ''club'', ''film'', ''magazine'',
* ab espaniol: ''cañon'', ''embargo'', ''guerrilla'',
* ab russo: ''soviet'', ''intelligentsia'',
* ab [[Lingua nederlandese|nederlandese]]: ''referendum'', ''addendum'',
* ab [[Lingua chec|checo]]: ''robot'',
* ab latino: ''ad rem'', ''ad hoc'', ''a posteriori'', ''a priori'', ''ave!'', ''cum grano salis''.
Lor pronunciation es le mesme como in le linguas de origine. Signos diacritic es removite si non es necesse pro distinguer pronunciation (e.g. ''defaite'' in vice de fr. ''défaite'').
Il eveni que ab parolas prestate proveni parolas derivate, e.g.:
* ''defaite'' -> ''defaitismo'', ''defaitista'',
* ''portrait'' -> ''portraitar'', ''portraitista'',
* ''adresse'' -> ''adressar'',
* ''schizzo'' -> ''schizzar''.
=== Parolas prestate ab linguas planificate anterior ===
Le Dictionario de interlingua remarca que alcun parolas ab linguas planificate anterior non es in contradiction con le methodologia de interlingua e hinc illos esseva introducite a illo. Illos es primarimente particulas. Illos es in le IED marcate con parentheses quadrate. Exemplos:
* ''yo'',
* ''esque,''
* ''anque'',
* ''ci'',
* ''pois'',
* ''depois''.
In periodo posterior alcun parolas esseva prestate ad interlingua ab [[Interlingue|occidental]]. Illos non figura in le Dictionario original, ma es usate e se trova in altere dictionarios. Illos es parolas como ''besonio'', ''besoniar'', ''micre''.
== Methodo de interlingua ==
{{AP|Methodo de interlingua}}
=== Introduction ===
Le '''regula de tres''' es un del plus importante regulas in le methodica de derivation de parolas international in le vocabulario del [[Interlingua]] de [[IALA]]. Iste regula defini le ''eligibilitate'' de un parola pro le vocabulario, determinante si nos lo considera "international" (e dunque interlingua correcte) o non: un parola es eligibile si illo occure in al minus 3 linguas de controlo (espaniol e portugese contate como un) in un forma e con significato correspondente. Germano e/o russo pote substituer un del tres.
Le regula de tres ''non'' defini le ''forma'' del parola; isto es determinate per assi appellate ''prototypos''.
=== Eligibilitate ===
Un parola es acceptate in le vocabulario de interlingua si variationes de illo con significatos correspondente —
# occurre in '''tres''' del sequente quatro entitates linguistic<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|quote=In sum, a preliminary formulation of the criterion of internationality runs as follows: A word is to be accepted as international when its presence is attested—in corresponding forms and with corresponding meanings—in at least three of the language units, Italian, Spanish and/or Portuguese, French and English, with German and Russian as possible substitutes.|author=Alexander Gode|year=1951|page=XXVI|title=Interlingua English Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/interlinguaengli0000dire}}</ref>:
## [[lingua anglese|anglese]]
## "[[linguas iberic|iberico]]" (i.e., [[lingua espaniol|espaniol]] e/o [[lingua portugese|portugese]])
## [[lingua francese|francese]]
## [[lingua italian|italiano]],
# ''o'' occurre in duo del precitate quatro entitates linguistic ''' ''e'' ''' in un del sequente duo linguas de controlo adjuncte<ref name=":1" />:
## [[lingua german|germano]]
## [[lingua russe|russo]].
Durante le recerca de vocabulario, on non se restringe al lexico contemporanee. Pro exemplo le verbo francese ''tuer'' (= occider) non monstra ulle parentato con italian ''uccidere'' ma il habeva un verbo ''occire'' in francese antique. Similemente occider in espaniol es ''matar'', ma le verbo vetule ha supervivite partialmente in le participio ''occiso''.
Le parolas non necessemente debe exister in le linguas fontal ''de facto''. Il suffice que illos existe ''potentialmente''. Pro exemplo un studente de anglese cognoscente parolas como ''visible'', ''visibility'', ''versatile'', ''versatility'', pote esser surprendite que ''proximity'' non ha un forma correspondente *''proxime'' o *''proximous''. *''proxime'' existe in anglese potentialmente, proque in anglese existe ''proximity''. Tal existentia potential es considerate sufficiente tanto longemente como le parola hypothetic existe in al minus un lingua de controlo (in iste caso pro exemplo ''prossimo'' in italiano).
Le mesme rationamento se applica quando le parola "basic" es plenmente international, durante que le parola derivate existe solmente potentialmente.
Un contraexemplo pote esser ''[[arachnophobia]]''. ''Arachnophobia'' occure in tote le linguas de controlo, e hinc pare esser un interlingua correcte. Alora *''arachna'' (= aranea) existe in tote le linguas de controlo ''potentialmente'', ma illo existe in nulle del linguas ''de facto''. Per consequente *''arachna'' non es un candidato bon pro interlingua e non se trova in dictionarios de interlingua.
=== Prototypamento ===
A interlingua son introducite assi apellate prototypos. Un prototypo es le plus recente historic o theoric ascendente commun de parolas del linguas de controlo, ma illo debe satisfacer alcun requirimentos. Super toto illo debe esser libere de tote characteristicas national typic solmente pro le lingua de origine.
Pro exemplo le prototypo de ang. ''statistics'' e fr. ''statistique'' debe esser libere de tractos characteristic solmente pro anglese e francese e debe posseder un forma al qual ang. ''statistics'' e fr. ''statistique'' essera solmente deviationes del prototypo portante tractos originante in historic disveloppamento de iste linguas.
Prototypos es usualmente equal a formas de [[latino vulgar]], ma illos non es identic. Pro exemplo le prototypo de es. ''tierra'', fr. ''terre'', por. e it. ''terra'' es ''terra''. Le diphthongo ''ie'' es solemente un forma characteristic de espeniol, durante que le termination -''e'' es solmente un forma characteristic de francese. ''Terra'' sembla esser un parola latin, italian e portugese, ma illo non lo es. Si le diphthongo ''ie'' esseva anque un tracto de francese e italiano, le prototypo esserea *''tierra'', non ''terra''.
De plus un prototypo debe esser conforme a parolas derivate. Pro exemplo si nos non prendeva in consideration parolas derivate, le prototypo de fr. ''temps'', esp. ''tiempo'', por. e it. ''tempo'' esserea *''tempus'', o (excludente francese), *''tempo''. Ma le adjectivo in le linguas de controlo es ''temporal'' (o su variantes). Hinc le prototypo cercate es ''tempore''. Le prototypo ''tempore'' con le suffixo -al da ''temporal''.
Un altere exemplo es ''corde''. Le protypo de it. ''cuore'', es. ''corazón'', por. ''coração, cor,'' fr. ''cœur'' non es *''core'' le qual corresponderea a ''cor'', ''coris'' de latino vulgar (al contrario a ''cor'', ''cordis'' de latino classic), ma ''corde'', proque le adjectivo occurente in le linguas de controlo es ''cordial''. Hinc ''corde'' -> ''cordial''.
=== Significato ===
Sol existentia de parolas cognate in le linguas de controlo non es sufficiente pro introducer un parola a interlingua. Un exemplo son it. ''piangere'', esp. ''plañir'', fr. ''plaindre'' e (archaic e dialectal) ang. ''to plain''. Le totes proveni ab latin ''plangere'', ma lor significato evolveva e hodie illos omne significa alco differente. Tunc ''planger'' non se trova in le Dictionario de interlingua. Plus exactemente on pote trovar ''planger'' in le Dictionario, ma illo ha nulle significato ascribite. In contrasto le variante reflexive de iste verbo: ''planger se'' es bon interlingua proque illo ha le mesme significato in tote le linguas romanic de controlo e hinc se trova in le Dictionario.
== Litteratura ==
{{AP|Litteratura in Interlingua}}
Le litteratura in Interlingua comenciava con obras principalmente linguistic, como dictionarios e grammaticas publicate in 1954. Ben que [[Alexander Gode]] lassava solmente plure summarios scientific e alcun contos breve, le scena litterari se ampliava in le annos 1960 con le traductiones de [[Eric Ahlström]].
[[Sven Collberg]] deveniva un del plus prolific autores, publicante poemas original e multe traductiones inter le annos 1950 e 1980. In le annos 1970, autores como Carolo Salicto e le mesme Gode contribuiva con obras original e nove traductiones, e Collberg continuava su travalio litterari.
In le annos 1990 appareva plure traductiones de classicos, inter illos obras de Goldoni, Andersen e Bunyan. In le annos recente, le production original continua: [[Vicente Costalago]] publicava plure obras inter 2022 e 2023, e in 2025 ''Posta Mundi'' presentava nove poemas e traductiones per Eduardo Ortega, [[Martin Lavallée]] e alteres.
=== Lectura in Interlingua ===
* [[Locutiones e proverbios]]
* [[Publicationes non litterari in Interlingua]]
* [[:wikibooks:ia:Frontispicio|Wikibooks in Interlingua]], textos e libros complete
* [[Adjuta:Referentias pro apprender interlingua]]
* [[Portal:Cursos de Interlingua]]
=== Periodicos e revistas in interlingua ===
<div style="column-count:2; column-gap:2em;">
* [[Actualitates — Interlingua i Norden]]
* [[Confluentes]]
* [[Contacto - Super Interlingua]]
* [[Heraldo de Interlingua]]
* [[Interlingua Institute Report]]
* [[Internovas]]
* [[Lingua e Vita]]
* [[Omnelingua]]
* [[Panorama in interlingua]]
* [[Pro Biblia]]
* [[Unir]]
* [[Vias boreal]]
* [[Voce de Interlingua]]
</div>
=== Jornales con summarios in interlingua ===
'''Jornales con summarios in interlingua''' de omne articulos original, lista assemblate in le estate [[1957]] per [[Science Service]]: [[American Heart Journal]] (desde [[1955]]), [[American Journal of Clinical Pathology]] ([[1956]]), [[American Journal of the Medical Sciences]] ([[1955]]), [[Annals of Internal Medicine]], Lancaster ([[1955]]), [[Archivos Peruanos de Patología y Clínica]] ([[1954]]), [[Blood]] ([[1954]]), [[Journal of Hematology]], New York ([[1954]]), [[Circulation]], [[American Heart Association]] ([[1955]]), [[Circulation Research]], [[American Heart Association]] ([[1956]]), [[Clinical Orthopædics]], Philadelphia ([[1955]]), [[Diabetes]], [[American Diabetes Association]] ([[1955]]), [[Journal of Dental Medicine]], New York ([[1954]]), [[Pediatrics]], Springfield, Illinois ([[1955]]), [[Quarterly Bulletin of Sea View Hospital]], New York ([[1953]]), [[Radiology]], Syracuse, New York ([[1957]]), [[Revista Cubana de Cardiología]] ([[1955]]), [[Science News Letter]], Washington ([[1955]]), [[West Indian Medical Journal]], Jamaica ([[1957]]).
Altere periodicos, trovate in altere fontes: [[Archivos Peruanos de Patología y Clínica]], [[Giornale Italiano di Chimioterapia]], [[Revista Medical de Valparaiso]] ([[Chile]]), [[Hematologia Polonica]] ([[Polonia]]), [[Danish Medical Bulletin]] ([[Danmark]]), [[Arthritis and Rheumatism]].
== Movimento ==
Le [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]] ha representantes e membros in cinque continentes. Un ample litteratura - traducite e original - existe in interlingua, e illo es usate como un qualcunque altere lingua in parlar e scriber. Il ha sitos web e magazines national e international in interlingua.
=== Pioneros de interlingua ===
Alicun del pioneros de interlingua es:
<div style="column-count:2; column-gap:2em;">
* [[Alice Vanderbilt Morris]]
* [[Alice Morris Sturges]]
* [[Alexander Gode|Alexander Gode-von-Aesch]]
* [[André Schild]]
* [[Engelbert Pigal]]
* [[Hugh Blair]]
* [[Hugo Fischer]]
* [[Leland Yeager]]
* [[Ric Berger]]
* [[Stanley Mulaik]]
* [[Stefano Bakonyi]]
</div>
== Bandiera ==
===Specification===
[[File:Construction sheet for the flag of Interlingua.svg|thumb|Un schema de construction del bandiera de interlingua.]]
Le bandiera de interlingua es un rectangulo con un ration 2:3, ubi le latere horizontal es le plus longe.<ref>https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2026-01-18-bandiera-de-interlingua/</ref> Le bandiera ha duo colores: azuro (blau) e auro (jalne). Ille colores es definite con le sequente valores:
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap; text-align: left" width="60%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="1"
|- style="text-align: center; background: #eee"
!
!style="background:#003399"| <span style="color:#FFFFFF"> Azuro </span>
!style="background:#FFCC00"| Auro
|-
| Pantone
| Reflex Blue
| Yellow
|-
| RGB
| <code>#003399</code>
| <code>#FFCC00</code>
|-
| CMYK
| 100.80.0.0
| 0.21.100.0
|-
|}
Le bandiera consiste de un fundo azuro con un polygono de octo lateres centrate que forma un stella de quatro punctas in solide color auro. Si le bandiera es representate con un longitude horizontal de 18 e un longitude vertical de 12, le polygono es definite con le sequente coordinatas:
[ ⟨0,6⟩ ⟨8,7⟩ ⟨9,12⟩ ⟨10,7⟩ ⟨18,6⟩ ⟨10,5⟩ ⟨9,0⟩ ⟨8,5⟩ ⟨0,6⟩ ].
== Vide etiam ==
* [[:Categoria:Parlatores de interlingua|Lista de parlatores de interlingua]]
* [[Wikipedia:Questiones frequente super interlingua|Questiones frequente super interlingua]]
* [[Societate Britannic pro Interlingua]]
* [[:wiktionary:ia:Pagina principal|Wiktionary]] (Dictionarios Interlingua<-->altere linguas)
{{Referentias}}
== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://www.interlingua.com/ Union Mundial pro Interlingua]
* [https://curlie.org/ia/ Catalogo de sitos web in interlingua] sur [[Curlie]]
{{Interlingua}}
{{Linguas artificial}}
[[Categoria:Interlingua| ]]
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Nicaragua
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'''Nicaragua'''{{linfo}} ([[Lingua espaniol|espaniol]]: ''República de Nicaragua,'' [[Alphabeto Phonetic International|API]]: re'puβlika ðe nika'raɰwa) es un [[republica]] in [[America Central]]. Ben que illo es le nation le plus grande in le region, illo ha un del populationes le minus grande. Le pais es confinate al nord con [[Honduras]] e al sud con [[Costa Rica]]. Su [[litoral]] occidental es al [[Oceano Pacific]], e le latere oriental del pais es al [[Mar Caribe]].
Le nomine del pais se deriva del [[Nicarao]], un tribo que parlava le [[lingua nahuatl]] e habitava le costas del [[Laco de Nicaragua]] ante le [[conquista espaniol del Americas|conquesta espaniol del Americas]], e del parola espaniol ''agua'' ([[aqua]]), debite al presentia del grande lacos [[Laco de Nicaragua]] e [[Laco de Managua]] in le region.
Al tempore del conquesta espaniol, Nicaragua esseva le nomine date a un banda stricte de terra inter le Laco de Nicaragua e le Oceano Pacific. Chef Nicarao regeva iste territorio quando le prime conquisitores arrivava. Le termino se applicava al fin, per extension, al gruppo habitante ille region: le Nicaraos o Niquiranos.
Le tribo de Nicarao migrava al area de regiones septentrional post le cadita de [[Teotihuacán]], al aviso de lor leaders religiose. Secundo le tradition, illes debeva viagiar al sud usque illes incontrava un laco con duo [[vulcano]]s surgente ex le aquas, e assi illes stoppava quando illes attingeva [[Omtepe]], le insula vulcanic a aqua fresc le plus grande in le mundo.
Le populo [[miskito]] habita le costa oriental.
== Politica ==
[[Fronte Sandinista de Liberation National]]
== Cultura ==
=== Musica ===
[[Bambuco]] nicaraguan
{{refer}}
{{elem|paises del mundo}}
{{Paises de America}}
[[Categoria:Nicaragua|*]]
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Wikipedia:Articulos eminente
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{{Adjuta:introduction/TabN|[[Wikipedia:Que es un articulo bon|Que es un articulo bon?]]}}
{{Adjuta:introduction/TabN|[[Wikipedia:Que es un lista eminente|Que es un lista eminente?]]}}
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<div style="border:2px solid var(--border-color-base,#A3B1BF); padding:.5em 1em 1em 1em;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit">
{{Via curte|WP:AE|principal=1}}
De tempore in tempore, le pagina in le [[Wikipedia:Pagina principal|pagina principal]] es cambiate pro monstrar un extracto de un multe bon articulo. Iste articulo es nominate le '''articulo eminente'''. Le extracto es monstrate con le [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo]].
Vide le paginas:
* [[Wikipedia:Articulo eminente|Que es un articulo eminente?]]
* [[Wikipedia:Que es un lista eminente|Que es un lista eminente?]]
* [[Wikipedia:Que es un articulo bon|Que es un articulo bon?]]
* [[Wikipedia:Articulos bon]]
* [[Wikipedia:Selection de articulo bon o eminente|Selection de articulo bon o eminente]]
Pro '''suggerer un articulo eminente''' visita le [[Discussion Wikipedia:Articulos eminente|pagina de discussion]].
Vide etiam [[Wikipedia:Articulos que omne Wikipedia deberea haber]].
== Articulos eminente ==
=== Architectura ===
* [[Castello de Ahrensburg]]
=== Biographias ===
* [[Carl von Linné]]
* [[James Cook]]
* [[Isaac Newton]]
* [[Raphael]]
* [[Edgar de Wahl]]
* [[Michel Foucault]]
* [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]
* [[Immanuel Kant]]
=== Historia ===
* [[Roma antique]]
* [[Grecia antique]]
=== Linguas ===
* [[Esperanto]]
* [[Interlingua]]
* [[Interlingue]]
* [[Historia de ido]]
* [[Historia de interlingua]]
* [[Litteratura in Interlingua]]
=== Paises ===
* [[Espania]]
* [[Pais Basse]]
=== Scientia ===
* [[Historia del physica]]
* [[Historia del scientia]]
* [[Mathematica]]
* [[MSX]]
* [[Normalisation linguistic]]
* [[Scientia e technologia del dynastia Song]]
* [[Photographia columbari]]
* [[SIDA]]
* [[Vulpe]]
== Vider etiam ==
* [[Wikipedia:Articulos eminente monstrate previemente]]
</div>
[[Categoria:Wikipedia:Articulos eminente| ]]
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Immanuel Kant
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'''Immanuel Kant'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|k|æ|n|t}},<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223061940/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant |date=23 February 2026 }}. ''[[Collins English Dictionary|Dictionario anglese de Collins]]''.</ref><ref>[[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023143832/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant |date=23 October 2014 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Dictionario non-abbreviate de anglese de Random House Webster]]''.</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|n|t}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant|lang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|title=Immanuel|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055817/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|title=Kant|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182053/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|url-status=live}}</ref>}} (nasceva como '''Emanuel Kant'''; 22 april 1724 – 12 februario 1804) esseva un [[philosopho]] german. Nascite in [[Königsberg]] in le [[Regno de Prussia]], ille es considerate un del pensatores central del [[Illuminismo]]. Su obras comprehensive e systematic in [[epistemologia]], [[metaphysica]], [[logica]], [[ethica]], [[esthetica]], [[theoria politic]], e le [[philosophia del religion]] ha facite de ille un del figuras le plus influente e le plus discutite del [[philosophia occidental]] moderne.
Le philosophia de Kant es centrate super le subjecto human e motivate per le desiro de assecurar le possibilitate tanto del cognoscentia como del moralitate contra le menacias del [[scepticismo]] e del [[determinismo]]. In le ''[[Critica del ration pur|Critica del Ration Pur]]'' (1781/1787), Kant argumenta in favor de [[idealismo transcendental]], le doctrina que [[spatio]] e [[tempore]] es solmente "formas de [[Anschauung|intuition]]" ({{Langx|de|[[Anschauung]]|links=no}}) que structura tote le [[experientia]] e que nos ha cognoscentia solmente del "apparentias" e non del natura de [[Cosa in se|cosas in se mesme]]. Kant faceva un parallel con le [[Revolution copernican|Revolution copernican]] in su proposition de considerar le objectos del experientia como conforme al formas spatial e temporal de [[Anschauung|intuition]] del personas e al [[Categoria (Kant)|categorias]] del intellecto, in loco del methodo traditional de monstrar como le mente poterea conformar se a su objectos.
Kant credeva que le [[ration]] es le fonte del [[moralitate]] e que le [[imperativo categoric]] obliga tote agentes rational. Il credeva que le esthetica nasce de un facultate de judicio disinteressate. Kant sperava que le [[pace]] perpetue poterea esser assecurate per medio de un [[federation]] international de statos [[republicanismo|republican]] e per le [[multilateralismo|cooperation international]]. Kant credeva que le religion ver es fundate super le moralitate. Le natura exacte de su conceptiones religiose es un question disputate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasternack |first=Lawrence |date=March 2020 |title=On the Alleged Augustinianism in Kant’s Religion |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/kantian-review/article/abs/on-the-alleged-augustinianism-in-kants-religion/FE116D6118D49612EF6F3C4181EF2A74] |journal=Kantian Review |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1017/S1369415419000487 |issn=1369-4154}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palmquist |first=Stephen |last2=The Society of Christian Philosophers |date=1989 |title=Immanuel Kant: A Christian Philosopher? |url=https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol6/iss1/5|journal=Faith and Philosophy |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.5840/faithphil1989619 |issn=0739-7046}}</ref>
==Prime annos de vita==
Immanuel Kant nasceva le 22 april 1724 in un familia german prussian de fide [[Lutheranismo|lutheran]] in [[Königsberg]] in [[Prussia Oriental]] (hodie [[Oblast de Kaliningrad]], Russia). Su matre, Anna Regina Reuter, nasceva in Königsberg de un patre originari de [[Nuremberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |title=Cosmopolis |website=Koenigsberg-is-dead.de |date=23 April 2001 |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-date=22 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322094741/http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Su supernomine es a vices erroneemente date como Porter. Le patre de Kant, Johann Georg Kant, esseva un fabricante german de harneses originari de [[Klaipėda|Memel]],{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} al tempore le citate le plus nord-oriental de Prussia (hodie Klaipėda, Lituania). Kant credeva que su familia esseva de origine scotic, ben que isto non ha essite verificate per recerca genealogic.<ref>R. K. Murray, "The Origin of Immanuel Kant's Family Name", ''Kantian Review'' '''13'''(1), March 2008, pp. 190–193.</ref>
Kant esseva baptisate como Emanuel, cambiante le orthographia de su nomine a Immanuel post haber apprendite le [[lingua hebraic|hebraico]].{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} Il esseva le quarto de novem filios (sex del qual attingeva le etate adulte).<ref>{{cite web |last=Haupt |first=Viktor |title=Rede des Bohnenkönigs – Von Petersburg bis Panama – Die Genealogie der Familie Kant |url=https://www.freunde-kants.com/kopie-von-kant-war-ostpreusse-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015 |website=freunde-kants.com |page=7 |language=de |accessdate=25 August 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf }}</ref> Le familia Kant accentuava le valores [[Pietismo|pietistic]] de devotion religiose, humilitate, e un interpretation literal del [[Biblia]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Pasternack |first1=Lawrence |title=Kant's Philosophy of Religion |date=2020 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant-religion/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Spring 2020 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=25 February 2021 |last2=Fugate |first2=Courtney}}</ref> Le education initial de Immanuel Kant esseva stricte, punitive e multo disciplinate, con emphase super le [[latino]] e le [[instruction religiose]] plus tosto que super mathematica e scientia.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=47}}
In su annos posterior, Kant viveva un vita strictemente ordinate. On diceva que le vicinos poteva regular lor horologios sur su promenadas quotidian.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=14}} Kant considerava le matrimonio duo vices, primo con un vidua e pois con un femina de [[Westphalia]], ma in ambes occasiones ille expectava troppo longe.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=177}} Ben que ille nunquam se maritava, ille habeva totevia un vita social satisfaciente; ille esseva un docente popular e un autor modestemente prospere, mesmo ante de comenciar su obras philosophic major.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=169}}
===Studente juvene===
Kant demonstrava un aptitude precoce pro le studio. Il frequentava primo le [[Collegium Fridericianum]] (alora dirigite per [[Franz Albert Schultz]]), del qual il se diplomava al fin del estate de 1740. In 1740, a etate de 16 annos, il se inscribeva al [[Universitate de Königsberg]], ubi il remanerea plus tarde pro le resto de su vita professional.<ref>''Le American International Encyclopedia'' (New York: J.J. Little & Ives, 1954), Vol. IX.</ref> Il studiava le philosophia de [[Gottfried Leibniz]] e [[Christian Wolff (philosopho)|Christian Wolff]] sub [[Martin Knutzen]] (professor associate de Logica e Metaphysica ab 1734 usque a su morte in 1751), un [[rationalismo|rationalista]] qui esseva etiam familiar con le progressos in le philosophia e le scientia britannic e introduceva Kant al nove physica mathematic de [[Isaac Newton]]. Knutzen dissuadeva Kant del theoria del [[harmonia pre-stabilite]], quam ille considerava como "le cossino del mente pigre".<ref>{{cite book|title=Que le Testudo nos inseniava: Le historia del philosophia|url=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port|url-access=limited|last=Porter|first=Burton|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2010|page=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port/page/n145 133]}}</ref> Il dissuadeva etiam Kant del [[idealismo]], le idea que le realitate es purmente mental, un conception que le majoritate del philosophos del XVIIIe seculo considerava negativemente. Le theoria del [[idealismo transcendental]] que Kant includerea plus tarde in le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' esseva sviluppate partialmente in opposition al idealismo traditional. Kant habeva contactos con studentes, collegas, amicos e commensales qui frequentava le [[loge masonic]] local.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|title=Le francmasones in le Antique Prussia 1738–1806|language=de|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201119104900/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|archive-date=19 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Su principal [[editor]], [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]], esseva etiam un francmason.<ref name="buch-VlOi7fetEkAC-1044">Erich Donnert, ''Europa in le prime epocha moderne: Fontes incognite. Essays super le evolution, le precursores, le limites e le continuation del epocha moderne in e circa Europa. Indices del contento del volumines 1–6. Indice de personas del volumines 1–7.'' Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar 1997, ISBN 978-3-412-10702-4, p. 1044. [[https://books.google.de/books?id=VlOi7fetEkAC&pg=PA1044#v=onepage Google Books]</ref>
Le accidente vascular cerebral de su patre e su morte subsequente in 1746 interrumpeva su studios. Kant quitava Königsberg poco post augusto 1748;{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=94}} il retornava ibi in augusto 1754.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=98}} Il deveniva un tutor private in le citates circum Königsberg, ma continuava su recerca erudite. In 1749, il publicava su prime obra philosophic, ''[[Pensamentos super le ver estimation del vires vivente]]'' (scribite in 1745–1747).<ref>[[Eric Watkins (philosopho)|Eric Watkins]] (ed.), ''Immanuel Kant: Scientia natural'', Cambridge University Press, 2012: [http://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/63945/excerpt/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf "Pensamentos super le ver estimation..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307213516/http://assets.cambridge.org/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf |date=7 martio 2016 }}.</ref>
Durante le occupation russe de Königsberg durante le [[Guerra de Septem Annos]] (1758–1762), le situation financiari de Kant se meliorava, proque ille obteneva un numero de assignationes ben pagate como tutor ab officiales militar e administratores civil russe stationate in le citate. In decembre 1758, post le morte de Johann David Kypke, Kant faceva un petition al imperatrice [[Elisabeth de Russia|Elisabeth]] pro esser nominate al cathedra vacante de logica e metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg, ma le position esseva attribuite a un altere candidato.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuehn |first=Manfred |title=Kant: Un biographia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |pages=118–122}}</ref>
== Obra precoce ==
Kant es meliormente cognoscite pro su obras in le philosophia del etica e metaphysica, ma ille etiam contribueva significantemente a altere disciplinas. In 1754, durante que ille considerava un question pro un premio del [[Academia de Scientias de Prussia|Academia de Berlin]] concernente le problema del rotation del Terra, ille argumentava que le gravitation del Luna ralentisarea le rotation terrestre. Ille etiam proponeva le argumento que le gravitation eventualmente causarea que le [[blocage tidal|blocation tidal]] del [[Luna]] [[resonantia orbital|coincider]] con le rotation del Terra.{{efn|Kant ipse pare haber considerate su contribution non assatis importante pro publicar su argumentos in un commentario de jornal super le question del premio, e ille non los submitteva al Academia: {{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54018/page/n113/mode/2up|chapter=Si le Terra ha subite un alteration de su rotation axial|title=Le cosmogonia de Kant|translator-last=Hastie|translator-first=William|location=Glasgow|publisher=James Maclehose|orig-date=1754|year=1900|pages=1–11|access-date=29 martio 2022}}. Le premio esseva in vice attribuite in 1756 a P. Frisi, qui incorrectemente argumentava contra le ralentissement del rotation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schönfeld |first=Martin |title=Le philosophia del juvene Kant: Le projecto precritic|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=84 |isbn=978-0195132182 |year=2000 }}</ref>}}<ref name="nebulous">{{cite book|last=Brush|first=Stephen G.|title=Un historia del physica planetari moderne: Terra nebulose|year=2014|isbn=978-0521441711|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7 7]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7}}</ref> Le anno sequente, ille extendeva iste ratiocinio al [[formation e evolution del Systema Solar]] in su ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]''.<ref name="nebulous"/> In 1755, Kant recipeva un licentia pro docer al Universitate de Königsberg e comenciava a dar cursos super un varietate de themas, includente mathematica, physica, logica e metaphysica. In su essayo de 1756 super le theoria del ventos ("Nove remarcas pro un elucidation del theoria del ventos"), Kant presentava un perception qualitative de lo que es ora appellate [[fortia de Coriolis]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |author-link=Immanuel Kant |editor-last=Watkins |editor-first=Eric |title=Kant: Scientia natural|chapter=Nove notas pro explicar le theoria del ventos, in le qual, al mesme tempore, ille invita al frequentation de su cursos (1756)|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |pages=374–385 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139014380.012}}</ref>
In 1756, Kant etiam publicava tres articulos super le [[terremoto de Lisboa de 1755]].<ref>Vide:
*Kant, I. (1756a) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=448 "Del causas del tremores terrestre al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente"] [Super le causas del terremotos al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente] In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academia Regal Prussian de Scientias), ed.s (1902) ''Le scriptos colligite de Kant'' [Le scriptos colligite de Kant] (in german) Berlin, Germania: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.
*Kant, I. (1756b) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=460 "Historia e description natural del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra"] [Historia e description del natura del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra], ibid. pp. 429–461.
*Kant, I. (1756c) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=494 "Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le tremores terrestre observate desde alcun tempore"] [Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le terremotos que esseva sentite alcun tempore ante], ibid. pp. 463–472.
*Amador, Filomena (2004) "Le causas del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 in Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s. ''Actas del VIII Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas'' [Actas del Octave Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas] (in anglese) Logroño, Espania: Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas (Universitate de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.</ref> Le theoria de Kant, que involveva alterationes in enorme cavernas plen de gases calide, ben que incorrecte, esseva un del prime tentativas systematic de explicar terremotos in terminos natural in vice de terminos supernatural. In 1757, Kant comenciava a dar cursos de geographia, faciente de ille un del prime professores a inseniar explicitemente le geographia como subjecto independente.<ref name="Richards-1974">{{Cite journal|last=Richards|first=Paul|date=1974|title=Le geographia e le cartas mental de Kant|journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers|issue=61|pages=1–16|doi=10.2307/621596|jstor=621596| issn=0020-2754 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elden|first=Stuart|date=2009|title=Reconsiderar le geographia de Kant|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|language=en|volume=35|issue=1|pages=3–25|doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2008.06.001|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|access-date=27 septembre 2019|archive-date=1 augusto 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205430/http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Geographia esseva un del themas de curso le plus popular de Kant, e in 1802, un compilation per Friedrich Theodor Rink del notas de su cursos, ''Geographia physica'', esseva publicate. Post que Kant deveniva professor in 1770, ille amplificava le themas de su cursos pro includer cursos super [[derecto natural]], ethica e [[anthropologia]], insimul con altere themas.<ref name="Richards-1974" />
[[File:Kant wohnhaus 2.jpg|thumb|Le casa de Kant in Königsberg in un pictura de 1842]]
In le ''Historia natural universal'', Kant exponeva le [[hypothese nebular]], in le qual ille deduceva que le [[Systema Solar]] se habeva formate ex un grande nube de gas, un [[nebula]]. Kant etiam deduceva correctemente que le [[Via Lactea]] esseva un [[galaxia|grande disco de stellas]], del qual ille theorisava que illo se habeva formate ex un nube de gas rotante multo plus grande. Ille suggereva in plus que altere "nebulas" distante poterea esser altere galaxias. Iste postulationes aperiva nove horizontes pro le astronomia, pro le prime vice extendente su dominio ultra le systema solar verso le mundos galactic e intergalactic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=George|title=Un, duo, tres... Infinity|location=New York|publisher=Viking P.|date=1947|pages=300ff|title-link=Un, duo, tres... Infinity}}</ref>
De alora in ultra, Kant dedicava su effortios sempre plus al questiones philosophic, ben que ille continuava a scriber super le scientias durante tote su vita. Al initio del annos 1760, ille produceva un serie de obras importante in philosophia. ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'', un obra super logica, esseva publicate in 1762. Duo altere obras appareva le anno sequente: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' e ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]''. In 1764, Kant habeva devenite un autor popular notabile, e scribeva ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime e altere scriptos|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref>; ille esseva secunde a [[Moses Mendelssohn]] in un competition pro le premio del Academia de Berlin con su ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (often appellate "Le essay pro le premio"). In 1766, Kant scribeva un obra critic super ''Dreams of a Spirit-Seer'' de [[Emanuel Swedenborg]].
In 1770, Kant esseva nominate Professor Plen de Logica e Metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg. Pro defender iste nomination, Kant scribeva su [[dissertation inaugural]] ''Super le forma e le principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile''.{{efn|Pois que ille habeva scribite su ultime [[thesis de habilitation]] 14 annos ante, un nove thesis de habilitation esseva requirite (vide S. J. McGrath, Joseph Carew (eds.), ''Reconsiderar le idealismo german'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 24).}} Iste obra marcava le apparition de plure themas central de su obra matur, includente le distinction inter le facultates del pensamento intellectual e le receptivitate sensibile. Omitter iste distinction significarea committer le error de [[subreption]], e, como ille dice in le ultime capitulo del dissertation, solmente evitante iste error pote le metaphysica prosperar.
Ben que il es ver que Kant scribeva su maxime obras relativemente tarde in su vita, il existe un tendentia a subestimar le valor de su obras plus juvene. Le investigationes recente super Kant ha dedicate plus attention al iste scriptos "pre-critic", e ha recognoscite un certe grado de continuitate con su obra matur.<ref>Cf., per exemplo, Susan Shell, ''Le incarnation del ration'' (Chicago, 1996)</ref>
===Publication del ''Critica del Ration Pur''===
{{AP|Critica del Ration Pur}}
[[File:Painting of David Hume.jpg|thumb|Le philosophe [[David Hume]] per [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]]]]
A etate 46, Kant esseva un erudito establite e un philosopho de influentia crescente, e multo esseva expectate de ille. In correspondentia con su ex-studente e amico [[Markus Herz]], Kant admitteva que, in le dissertation inaugural, ille habeva fallite explicar le relation inter nostre facultates sensibile e intellectual.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watkins|first=Erik|title=Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: Background Source Materials|url=https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0521781626|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2/page/276 276]}}</ref> Ille debeva explicar como nos combina lo que es cognoscite como cognition sensorial con le altere typo de cognition —id es, cognition rational— iste duo essente relationate ma habente processos multo differente. Kant attribueva etiam a [[David Hume]] le facto de haber le eveliate de un "{{vanchor|somno dogmatic}}" in le qual ille habeva acceptate sin questionar le principios de religiose e de [[natural philosophy|philosophia natural]].<ref name="Smith-1952"><nowiki>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Homer W.|url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man) and His Gods|location=New York|publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]]|year=1952|page=[[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404<nowiki>) 404]|author-link=Homer W. Smith|url-access=registration}}</nowiki></ref><ref>Kant, ''PFM'' 4:260</ref> Hume, in su ''[[Treatise on Human Nature]]'' de 1739, habeva argumentate que le personas cognosce le mente solmente per un serie subjective, essentialmente illusori, de perceptiones. Ideas como [[causalitate]], [[moralitate]] e [[Objecto (philosophia)|objectos]] non es evidente in le experientia, dunque lor realitate pote esser questionate. Kant pensava que le ration poteva remover iste scepticismo, e ille se proponeva resolver iste problemas. Ben que amante del compania e conversation con alteres, Kant se isolava e resisteva al tentativas de su amicos de retirar le de su isolation.{{efn|In 1778, in responsa a un de iste propositiones per un ex-discipulo, Kant scribeva: "Cata cambiamento me rende apprehensive, mesmo si illo offere le plus grande promissa de meliorar mi condition, e io es persuadite per iste instincto natural mie que io debe esser prudente si io vole que le filos que le Destino fila assi tenue e debile in mi caso continua a esser filate durante alicun longor. Mi grande gratias a mi benvolentes e amicos, qui pensa de me con tanta benevolentia que illes se occupa de mi benesser, ma al mesme tempore un requesta multo humile de proteger me in mi condition actual contra omne perturbation." <ref>Christopher Kul-Want and Andrzej Klimowski, ''Introducing Kant'' (Cambridge: Icon Books, 2005). {{ISBN|978-1840466645}}</ref>}} Quando Kant emergeva de su silentio in 1781, le resultato esseva le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', imprimite per [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]]. Kant respondeva al [[empiricismo]] de Hume affirmante que alcun cognition existe inherentemente in le mente, independente del experientia.<ref name="Smith-1952" /> Ille traheva un parallel con le [[Revolution Copernican]] in su proposition que le objectos del mundo pote esser intuite ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'', e que le [[Anschauung|intuition]] es consequentemente distincte del [[Objectivitate (philosophia)|realitate objective]]. Forsan le question le plus directemente disputate esseva le argumento de Hume contra omne connexion necessari inter eventos causales, que Hume characterizava como le "cemento del universo". In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant argumenta in favor de lo que ille considera le justification ''a priori'' de tal connexion necessari.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A188-211/B233-56</ref>
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Johann Christoph Frisch.jpg|left|thumb|Portraito de Kant per [[Johann Christoph Frisch]], post Johann Gottlieb Becker, {{circa|1770}}]]
Ben que hodie recognoscite como un del maximo grande obras in le historia del philosophia, le ''Critique'' disappunctava le lectores de Kant al momento de su publication initial.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dorrien|first=Gary|title=Kantian Reason and Hegelian Spirit: The Idealistic Logic of Modern Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=978-0470673317|location=Malden, MA|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr/page/37 37]}}</ref> Le libro esseva longe, con plus de 800 paginas in le edition original in germano, e scribite in un stilo complicate. Kant esseva multo contristate per su reception.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=250–254}} Su ex-studente [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] criticava le obra pro poner le ration como un entitate digne de critica per se, in vice de considerar le processo de ratiocinio in le contexto del linguage e del personalitate integre de un persona.<ref>[[Frederick Copleston|Copleston, Frederick Charles]] (2003). ''The Enlightenment: Voltaire to Kant''. p. 146.</ref> Simile a [[Christian Garve]] e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Johann Georg Heinrich Feder]], ille rejectava le position de Kant que spatio e tempore possede un forma que pote esser analysate. Garve e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Feder]] etiam criticava le ''Critique'' pro non explicar le differentias in le perception de sensationes.<ref>Sassen, Brigitte. ''Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy''. 2000.</ref> Su densitate lo rendeva, como Herder diceva in un littera a [[Johann Georg Hamann]], un "nucleo dur a rumper", obscurate per "tote iste pesante tela de aranea".<ref>''Ein Jahrhundert deutscher Literaturkritik'', vol. III, ''Der Aufstieg zur Klassik in der Kritik der Zeit'' (Berlin, 1959), p. 315; as quoted in Gulyga, Arsenij. ''Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought''. Trans. Marijan Despaltović. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1987.</ref> Su reception contrastava fortemente con le laudes que Kant habeva recipite pro obras anterior, como su ''Essay del Premio'' e le obras plus breve que precedeva le prime ''Critique''. Recognoscente le necessitate de clarificar le tractato original, Kant scribeva le ''[[Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics]]'' in 1783 como un summario de su opiniones principal. Poco postea, le amico de Kant [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]] (1739–1805), un professor de mathematica, publicava ''Explicationes del Professor Kant super le Critique del Ration Pura'' (Königsberg, 1784), que esseva un breve ma multo exacte commentario super le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=268–269}}
Le reputation de Kant cresceva gradualmente durante le ultime parte del decennio 1780, stimulate per un serie de obras importante: le essay de 1784, "[[Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?]]"; le ''[[Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals]]'' de 1785 (su prime obra super philosophia moral); e le ''[[Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science]]'' de 1786. Le fama de Kant finalmente veniva de un fonte inesperate. In 1786, [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]] publicava un serie de litteras public super le philosophia kantian. In iste litteras, Reinhold presentava le philosophia de Kant como un responsa al controverse intellectual central del epocha: le [[controversia del pantheismo]]. [[Friedrich Jacobi]] habeva accusate le recentemente defuncte [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] (un distinguite dramaturgo e essayista philosophic) de [[Spinozism]]. Un tal accusation, equivalente a un accusation de atheismo, esseva energicamente negate per le amico de Lessing, [[Moses Mendelssohn]], e isto conduceva a un dispute public acerbe inter partisanos. Le controversia gradualmente se transformava in un debatto super le valores del [[Illuminismo]] e le valor del ration. Reinhold manteneva in su litteras que le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant poteva resolver iste disputa per defender le autoritate e le limites del ration. Le litteras de Reinhold esseva multo legite e faceva de Kant le philosopho le plus famose de su epocha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guyer|first=Paul|title=The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0521823036|location=Cambridge, UK|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5/page/631 631]}}</ref>
== Opera posterior ==
Kant publicava un secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' in 1787, profundemente revidente le prime partes del libro. Le major parte de su obra subsequente se concentrava super altere areas del philosophia. Il continuava a disveloppar su philosophia moral, specialmente in le ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' de 1788 (cognoscite como le secunde ''Critica''), e le ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' de 1797. Le ''[[Critica del potentia del judicio]]'' de 1790 (le tertie ''Critica'') applicava le systema kantian al [[esthetica]] e al [[teleologia]]. In 1792, le tentativa de Kant de publicar le Secunde del quatro partes de ''[[Religion intra le limites del simple ration]]'',<ref name="KReligion">Werner S. Pluhar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Religion intra le limites del simple ration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304020309/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 |date=4 martio 2020 }}''. 2009. [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC Description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201192948/https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Within_the_Bounds_of_Bare_Reaso.html%3Fid%3Dda8RrM-qkiwC |date=1 februario 2020 }} & [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Contento.] Con un [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803085237/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 |date=3 augusto 2020 }} de Stephen Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company,</ref> in le revista ''Berlinische Monatsschrift'', incontrava opposition del [[Frederico Gulielmo II de Prussia|rege]] [[censura|commission de censura]], que habeva essite establite le mesme anno in le contexto del [[Revolution francese]]. Kant arrangiava alora que le quatro partes esseva publicate como un libro, transmittente lo per le departamento de philosophia del [[Universitate de Jena]] pro evitar le necessitate de censura theologic. Iste insubordination valeva a ille un reprimenda, ora famose, del rege. Quando ille nihilominus publicava un secunde edition in 1794, le censor esseva tanto irate que ille arrangiava un decreto royal que exigeva que Kant nunquam plus publicava ni parlava publicamente super religion. Kant publicava alora su responsa al reprimenda del rege e explicava se mesme in le prefacio de ''[[Le conflicto del facultates]]'' (1798).
[[File:Kant doerstling2.jpg|thumb|Kant con amicos, includente [[Christian Jakob Kraus]], [[Johann Georg Hamann]], [[Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel le Senior|Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel]], e [[Karl Gottfried Hagen]]]]
Il etiam scribeva un numero de essayos semi-popular super historia, religion, politica, e altere themas. Iste obras esseva ben recipite per le contemporaneos de Kant e confirmava su stato preeminente in le philosophia del [[seculo XVIII]]. Il habeva plure revistas dedicate exclusivemente a defender e criticar le philosophia kantian. Nonobstante su successo, le tendentias philosophic se moveva in un altere direction. Plure del discipulos e sequaces le plus importante de Kant (includente [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], [[Jakob Sigismund Beck]], e [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]) transformava le position kantian. Le etapas progressive del revision del doctrinas de Kant marcava le emergentia del [[idealismo german]]. In un de su ultime actos in explication de un position super questiones philosophic, Kant se opponeva a iste disveloppamentos e denunciava publicamente Fichte in un carta aperte in 1799.<ref name="Fichte">{{cite web|url=http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|title=Carta aperte de Kant denuncianti le philosophia de Fichte|language=de|website=Korpora.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719150635/http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1800, un studente de Kant nominate Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762–1842) publicava un manual de [[logica]] pro docentes appellate ''[[Logica]]'', que ille habeva preparate al demanda de Kant. Jäsche preparava le ''Logica'' usante un copia de un manual de logica de [[Georg Friedrich Meier]] appellate ''[[Excerption del doctrina del ration]]'', in le qual Kant habeva scribite copiose notas e annotationes. Le ''Logica'' ha essite considerate de importantia fundamental pro le philosophia de Kant e pro su comprehension. Le grande logico del [[seculo XIX]] [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] remarcat, in un recension incomplete del traduction anglese de Thomas Kingsmill Abbott del introduction al ''Logica'', que "tote le philosophia de Kant gira circa su logica."<ref>Peirce, C.S., ''[[Collecte de documentos de Charles Sanders Peirce]]'', v. 1, (HUP, 1960), 'Kant e su refutation del idealismo' p. 15
</ref> De plus, [[Robert S. Hartman]] e Wolfgang Schwarz scribeva in le introduction del traductores a lor traduction anglese del ''Logica'': "Su importantia reside non solmente in su signification pro le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'', cuje secunde parte es un reformulation de principios fundamental del ''[[Logica]]'', ma etiam in su position intra le totalitate del obra de Kant."<ref>Kant, Immanuel, ''[[Logica]]'', G.B. Jäsche (ed.), R.S. Hartman, W. Schwarz (traductores), Indianapolis, 1984, p. xv.</ref>
== Morte e sepultura ==
Le salute de Kant, sempre precari, se deteriorava. Il moriva in Königsberg le 12 februario 1804, pronuncianti ''Es ist gut'' ("Es es bon") ante su morte.<ref>Karl Vorländer, ''Immanuel Kant: Der Mann und das Werk'', Hamburg: Meiner, 1992, p. II 332.</ref> Su ultime obra incomplite esseva publicate como ''[[Opus Postume]]''. Kant faceva sempre un figura curioso durante su vita per su habitos modeste e rigorosemente planificate, que esseva describite como regular como un horologio. [[Heinrich Heine]] observava le magnitude de su "pensamentos destructive, que fracassava le mundo" e le considerava un sorta de "executionator" philosophic, comparante le con [[Maximilien Robespierre]] con le observation que ambe "representava al plus alte grado le typo del burgese provincial. Natura los habeva destinate a pesar caffe e zucchero, ma le Fato determinava que illes deberea pesar altere cosas e poneva sur le balancia de un un rege, e sur le balancia del altere un deo."<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |title=Heine sur Immanuel Kant |access-date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Quando su corpore esseva transferite a un nove loco de sepultura, su cranio esseva mesurate durante le exhumation e trovate esser plus grande que le medie del viros german, con un fronte "alte e large".<ref>''Examined Lives, From Socrates to Nietzsche'', James Miller p. 284</ref> Su fronte ha essite un objecto de interesse desde que illo deveniva ben cognoscite per su portraits: "In le portrait de Döbler e in le reproduction fidel, ben que expressionistic, de Kiefer, como etiam in multe altere portraits de Kant del fin del [[seculo XVIII]] e del initio del [[seculo XIX]], le fronte es remarquabilemente grande e decidite in retro."<ref>Immanuel Kant e le frontieras del historia del arte, Mark Cheetham, in ''Le subjectos del historia del arte: objectos historic in perspectivas contemporanee'', p. 16</ref>
[[File:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img05 Kant Island.jpg|upright|thumb|Le tumba de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia]]
Le [[mausoleo]] de Kant adjunge le angulo nord-est del [[Catedral de Königsberg]] in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Le mausoleo esseva construite per le architecto [[Friedrich Lahrs]] e completate in 1924, a tempore pro le bicentenario del nascentia de Kant. Originarimente, Kant esseva sepelite intra le cathedral, ma in 1880 su restos esseva transferite a un capella [[neo-gothic]] adjacente al angulo nord-est del cathedral. Durante le annos, le capella deveniva in mal stato e esseva demolite pro facer loco al mausoleo, que esseva construite in le mesme loco. Le tumba e su mausoleo es inter le poc artefactos del epoca german que esseva preservate per le [[Sovietes]] post que illes capturava le citate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar](http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar) Königsberg: un citate russe reguarda su radices german|last=Beyer|first=Susanne|date=25 July 2014|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=3 February 2018|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
In le [[seculo XXI]], multe nove maritos porta flores al mausoleo. Artefactos anteriormente possedite per Kant, cognoscite como ''Kantiana'', esseva includite in le [[Museo del citate de Königsberg]]; tamen, le museo esseva destruite durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]]. Un replica del statua de Kant que, durante le epoca german, stava ante le edificio principal del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], esseva donate per un entitate german al initio del annos 1990 e placiate in le mesme terreno. Post le [[Expulsion e fuga del germanos (1944–1950)|expulsion]] del population german de Königsberg al fin del Secunde Guerra Mundial, le Universitate de Königsberg, ubi Kant inseniava, esseva reimplaciate per le [[Universitate de Stato de Kaliningrad]] de lingua russe, que se appropriava del campus e del edificios supervivente. In 2005, le universitate esseva renominate [[Universitate de Stato Immanuel Kant de Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zieliński |first=Miłosz J. |date=2018 |title=Le futuro de Kant: Debattos super le identitate del Oblast de Kaliningrad |url=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305) |journal=Slavic Review |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=937–956 |doi=10.1017/slr.2018.291 |jstor=26644305 |issn=0037-6779|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Le cambio de nomine, considerate un question cargate politic, a causa del sentimentos mixta del residentes super su passato german,<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2005 |title=Kaliningrad lotta con su hereditage german |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700](https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=DW News }}</ref> esseva annunciate durante un ceremonia al qual assistiva le presidente russe [[Vladimir Putin]] e le cancellero german [[Gerhard Schröder]],<!--http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/33684/photos--><ref>{{cite news |last=Dempsey |first=Judy |date=1 July 2005 |title=Enclave russe arriva in un dispute diplomatic |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2005 |title=Iran como thema del reunion al Mar Baltic |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921](https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921) |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Agence-France Press|via=DW News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ypi |first=Lea |date=20 April 2024 |title=Kant e le argumento pro le pace |url=[https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07](https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07) |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766}}</ref> e le universitate formava un [[Societate Kantian]], dedicate al studio del [[kantianismo]]. In 2010, le universitate esseva ancora renominate [[Universitate Federal Baltic Immanuel Kant]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Decreto executive super le establimento del Universitate Immanuel Kant |url=[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234)<!--http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/1131--> |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Presidente de Russia}}</ref>
== Philosophia<!--'Kantianism', 'Kantian', and 'Kantian philosophy' redirect here-->==
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Emanuel Bardou, view 2, Berlin, 1798, marble - Bode-Museum - DSC02884.JPG|thumb|Busto de Kant per [[Emanuel Bardou]], 1798]]
Como multe de su contemporaneos, Kant esseva profundemente impressionate per le progressos scientific facite per [[Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]] e alteres. Iste nove evidentia del potentia del ration human poneva in question pro multe personas le autoritate traditional del politica e religion. In particular, le vision mecanic moderne del mundo poneva in question le possibilitate mesme del moralitate; nam, si il non existe alcun agentia, il non pote haber responsabilitate.<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' Bxxviii–Bxxx</ref>{{sfn|di Giovanni|2005}}
Le objectivo del projecto critic de Kant es de assecurar le autonomia human, le base del religion e del moralitate, contra iste menacia del mechanismo — e de facer lo in un maniera que preserva le progressos del scientia moderne.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §2.1}} In le ''Critica del Ration Pura'', Kant summarisa su preoccupationes philosophic in le sequente tres questiones:
# Que pote io cognoscer?
# Que debe io facer?
# Que pote io sperar?<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A804–05/B833</ref>
Le ''[[Critica del Ration Pura]]'' se concentra super le prime question e aperi un spatio conceptual pro un responsa al secunde question. Illo argumenta que, ben que nos non pote strictemente ''saper'' que nos es libere, nos pote — e pro fines practic debe — ''pensar'' nos mesme como libere. In le proprie parolas de Kant: «Io debeva negar le cognoscentia pro facer loco al fide.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxxx</ref> Le philosophia moral de Kant es ulteriormente disveloppate in le ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', le ''[[Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', e le ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]''.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023}}
Le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del Potentia de Judicar]]'' sustene que nos pote rationalmente sperar le unitate harmoniose del dominios theoric e practic tractate in le prime duo ''Criticas'', sur le base de nostre experientia affective del beltate natural e, plus generalmente, del organisation [[Teleologia in biologia|teleologic]] del mundo natural.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=6–8}} In ''[[Religion intra le Limites del Simple Ration|Religion intra le Limites del Pura Ration]]'', Kant tenta completar su responsa al tertie question argumentante pro un forma rationalista de religion fundate super nostre vitas practic (i.e., moral).<ref>di Giovanni, George. (1996) "Translator's Introduction", In ''Religion and Rational Theology''. Cambridge University Press. p.49, citing Kant in correspondence with Stäudlin.</ref>
Iste obras omnes pone le [[subjecto (philosophia)|subjecto]] human active e rational al centro del mundos cognitive e moral. In breve, Kant argumenta que le [[mente]] mesme apporta necessariemente un contribution constitutive al [[cognition|cognoscentia]], que iste contribution es transcendental plus tosto que psychologic, e que ager autonomemente significa ager secundo principios moral rational.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020}}
=== Le projecto critic de Kant ===
{{vide etiam|Critica del Ration Pura}}
[[File:Kant017.jpg|thumb|Kant per [[Carle Vernet]]]]
Le ''Critica del Ration Pura'' de 1781 (revise in 1787) ha sovente essite citate como le obra le plus significative de metaphysica e [[epistemologia]] in le philosophia moderne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohlf |first=Michael |title=Immanuel Kant |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191114014720/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |archive-date=14 November 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=[[Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford]]}}</ref> In le prime ''Critica'', e etiam in obras posterior, Kant formula le «problema general» e le «problema real del ration pura» in terminos del sequente question: «Como es possibile judicios synthetic ''a priori''?»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B135</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=51}} Pro comprender iste assertion, il es necessari definir alcun terminos. Primo, Kant face un distinction inter duo fontes de cognoscentia:
# Cognoscientias ''a priori'': «cognoscentia independente de tote experientia e mesmo de tote le impression del sensos».
# Cognoscientias ''a posteriori'': cognoscentias que ha lor fontes in le experientia — isto es, que es empiric.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B1–3</ref>
Secundo, ille face un distinction inter duo typos de judicios:
# Judicios analytic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Tote le celibes es non-maritate», o «Tote le corpores es extendite». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de clarification».
# Judicios synthetic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato non es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Alcun celibes es sol», «Tote le cygnos es blanc», o «Tote le corpores ha peso». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de amplification».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A6–8/B10–12</ref>
Tote le judicios analytic es ''a priori'', proque le experientia non es necessari pro analysar le contento de un concepto que nos ja possede.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B11</ref> In contrasto, un judicio synthetic es un judicio cuje concepto del predicato contine alco que non se trova in le concepto del subjecto. Le exemplos le plus evidente de judicio synthetic es judicios fundate super observationes empiric.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} Le duo typos de cognoscentia e le duo typos de judicio produce un tabella a quatro divisiones:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tabella de Judicios
!
!A priori
!A posteriori
|-
|'''Analytic'''
|analytic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Tote le corpores es extendite.»)
|analytic ''a posteriori'' (impossibile)
|-
|'''Synthetic'''
|synthetic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Cata effecto ha un causa.»)
|synthetic ''a posteriori'' (p.ex., «Le systema solar ha octo planetas.»)
|}
Kant credeva que le philosophos anterior habeva negligite le judicios synthetic ''a priori'', e habeva accordate attention solmente al judicios analytic ''a priori'' e synthetic ''a posteriori''. [[David Hume]], per exemplo, credeva que tote le cognoscentia es o «relationes de ideas» (que es analytic ''a priori'') o «questiones de facto» (que es synthetic ''a posteriori'').<ref>Hume, David. ''An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding''. Section 4; Part 1.</ref> Le taxonomia de Hume exclude le synthetic ''a priori''. Ma, stabiliente le synthetic ''a priori'' como un tertie typo de judicio, Kant crede que nos pote resister al scepticismo de Hume concernente a questiones como causalitate e le cognoscentia metaphysic plus generalmente. Isto es proque, a differentia de judicios simplemente ''a posteriori'', le judicios ''a priori'' ha «universalitate ver o stricte» e include un assertion de «necessitate».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B3–4</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} E, a differentia de assertiones simplemente analytic, le judicios synthetic extende nostre cognoscentia ultra le concepto del subjecto. Isto significa que monstrar como judicios synthetic ''a priori'' es possibile equivale a monstrar como un cognoscentia substantiv super le characteristicas necessari del mundo es possibile.
Kant mesme considera incontroverse le facto que nos ha cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' — specialmente in mathematica. Considera le proposition «7 + 5 = 12». Kant asserta que le concepto de «12» non es continente in le conceptos de «5», «7» e del operation de addition.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B14–17</ref> Tamen, ben que ille considera le possibilitate de tal cognoscentia como evidente, Kant assume nihilominus le carga de monstrar como tal cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' in mathematica e le scientias natural es possibile, e in le Dialectica Transcendental attacca le possibilitate de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' del metaphysica traditional. Le objectivo duple del ''Critica'' es tanto ''probar'' como ''explicar'' le possibilitate de iste cognoscentia.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=55}} Kant dice: «Il ha duo truncos del cognoscentia human, que forsan pote provenir de un radice commun ma pro nos incognite, namely le sensibilitate e le intellecto, per le prime del qual objectos nos es ''date'', ma per le secunde illos es ''pensate''.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A15/B29, emphases added</ref>
Le termino de Kant pro le objecto del sensibilitate es «intuition», e su termino pro le objecto del intellecto es «concepto». In terminos general, le prime es un representation non-discursive de un objecto ''particular'', e le secunde es un representation discursive (o mediate) de un ''typo general'' de objecto.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=32, 61}} Le conditiones del experientia possibile require tanto intuitiones como conceptos, i.e., le affection del sensibilitate receptive e le potentia activemente synthesizante del intellecto.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.12}}{{efn|Plus technicamente, Kant exprime su puncto general que tote cognoscentia authentic require tanto input sensorial como organisation intellectual dicente que tote cognoscentia require tanto «intuitiones» como «conceptos» (p.ex., A 50 / B 74). Intuitiones e conceptos es duo species differente del genere «representation» (''Vorstellung''), le termino le plus general de Kant pro omne stato cognitive (vide A 320 / B 376–7). Al initio del «Esthetica Transcendental», Kant declara que un «intuition» es nostre typo le plus directe o «immediate» de representation de objectos, in contrasto con un «concepto» que representa sempre un objecto «per un detour (''indirecte'')» — isto es, simplemente per alicun «marca» o proprietate que le objecto possede (A 19 / B 33). In su manual de logica, Kant defini un intuition como un «representation ''singular''» — isto es, un que representa un objecto particular — dum un concepto es sempre un «''universal'' (''repraesentatio per notas communes'')», que representa proprietates commun a multe objectos (''Logic'', §1, 9:91).{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=60–61}}}} Dunque le assertion: «Pensamentos sin contento es vacue, intuitiones sin conceptos es cec.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A51/B75</ref> Le strategia basic de Kant in le prime parte del ''Critica del Ration Pura'' consistera in argumentar que certe intuitiones e conceptos es pur — isto es, illos es apportate integremente per le mente, independente de omne cosa empiric. Le cognoscentia generate super iste base, sub certe conditiones, pote esser synthetic ''a priori''. Iste insight es cognoscite como le «Revolution Copernican» de Kant, proque justo como Copernico faceva progressar le astronomia per un cambiamento radical de perspectiva, assi Kant pretende hic facer le mesme pro le metaphysica.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxvi–xviii</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.2}} Le secunde parte del ''Critica'' es le parte explicitamente ''critic''. In le «Dialectica Transcendental», Kant argumenta que multe del assertiones del metaphysica rationalista traditional viola le criterios que ille pretende establir in le prime parte, «constructive», de su libro, e conduce inevitabilemente a contradictiones.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=2(g)}}{{sfn|Guyer|2014|loc=ch. 4}} Tamen, como Kant observa, «le ration human, sin esser movite per le simple vanitate de saper toto, inexorabilemente perseque, impulsate per su proprie besonio, tal questiones que non pote esser respondite per ulle uso experientiale del ration».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B21</ref> Le projecto del ''Critica'' es establir usque a qual puncto le ration pote legitime perseverar in tal direction.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi–xii</ref>
=== Doctrina del idealismo transcendental ===
{{vide etiam|Idealismo transcendental}}
In le section del ''Critica'' intitulate «Le Esthetica Transcendental», Kant argumenta in favor del doctrina del [[idealismo transcendental]]. Le doctrina es «transcendental» proque illo explica un condition necessari pro le possibilitate del experientia e es un forma de «idealismo» proque ille conditiones depende de characteristicas del mente. Le detalios del interpretation correcte del idealismo transcendental es controversate, ma existe un large accordo super duo theses basic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(d)}} Primo, le spatio e le tempore non es ''cosas in se mesme'', ma simple formas de intuition (le spatio es le forma del intuition ''externe'', e le tempore es le forma del intuition ''interne''). Secundo, nos ha cognoscentia solmente del ''apparentias'' e non del cosas in se mesme. Le secunde these, secundo Kant, seque del prime: proque nostre formas ''a priori'' de intuition es conditiones necessari del possibilitate del experientia, omne cosa que cade foras de lo que nostre facultate sensibile pote reciper es incognoscibile. {{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}}<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A43/B59–60, A369</ref>
Nihilominus, ben que Kant dice que le spatio e le tempore es «transcendentalmente ideal» — le ''formas pur'' del sensibilitate human, plus tosto que parte del natura o del realitate como illo es in se mesme — ille asserta etiam que illos es «empiricamente real», per lo que ille vole dicer «que “tote lo que pote presentar se a nos externemente como un objecto” es tanto in le spatio como in le tempore, e que nostre intuitiones interne de nos mesme es in le tempore».<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A28/B44, A34–35/B51–51</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}} Qualcunque sia le interpretation del doctrina de Kant, ille voleva distinguer su position del [[idealismo subjective]] de [[George Berkeley]].{{sfn|Stang|2022|loc=§2.3}}
[[Paul Guyer]], ben que critic de multe del argumentos de Kant in iste section, scribe super le Esthetica Transcendental que illo «non solmente pone le prime petra del theoria constructive del cognoscentia de Kant; illo etiam pone le fundamento tanto pro su critica como pro su reconstruction del metaphysica traditional. Illo argumenta que tote cognoscentia authentic require un componente sensorial, e assi que assertiones metaphysic que transcende le possibilitate de confirmation sensorial non pote jammais esser cognoscentia.»{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=60}}
==== Disaccordos interpretative ====
Un interpretation, cognoscite como le interpretation del «duo aspectos» (o «un sol mundo»), considera le idealismo transcendental como, fundamentalmente, un these ''epistemologic''. Secundo iste lectura de Kant, popularisate specialmente per [[Henry E. Allison]], le [[cosa in se mesme]] e le apparentia phenomenal es le mesme objecto, e le idealismo transcendental es un these super lo que es necessari pro mentes finite e discursive pro ''considerar'' objectos tal como illos es date a nos per le sensibilitate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Henry E. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense |year=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300102666 |pages=11-19}}</ref> Alcun commentatores,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allais |first=Lucy |title=Manifest Reality: Kant's Idealism and his Realism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780198747130}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Langton |first=Rae |title=Kantian humility: our ignorance of things in themselves |date=2004 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924317-4 |edition=Reprinted |location=Oxford}}</ref> durante que illes concorda que il existe un sol insimul de objectos, considera le idealismo transcendental como un these super le ''proprietates'' de iste objectos, de qualcun nos ha accesso, dum alteres es incognoscibile pro nos.
Le altere linea prominente de interpretation es le vision del «duo mundos» (a vices associate con interpretationes «phenomenaliste»<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strawson |first=Peter Frederick |title=The bounds of sense: an essay on Kant's 'Critique of pure reason' |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-04030-3 |edition=Repr |location=London}}</ref>). Secundo iste vision, le apparentias non es le mesme cosas que le cosas in se mesme, e le idealismo transcendental non es simplemente un these super lo que es necessari pro nos pro considerar objectos que es transcendentalmente independente de nos. Alcun defensores del «duo mundos» considera que Kant asserta que le apparentias es identic con nostre representationes de illos,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the claims of knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |last2=Kant |first2=Immanuel |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Pr |isbn=978-0-521-33772-4 |edition=1. publ. 1987, repr |location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Feder |first=Johann Georg Heinrich |last2=Garve |first2=Christian |date=1782 |title=Feder-Garve Review of the Critique of Pure Reason |journal=Göttinger Gelehrten Anzeigen}}</ref> durante que alteres considera que ille simplemente asserta que le apparentias es partialmente fundate super cosas in se mesme sin esser identic con illas.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stang |first=Nicholas F. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism |date=2016 |work=The Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford |pages=§3.2 |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/) |access-date=6 April 2026 |edition=Spring 2016 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>
=== Le theoria de Kant super le judicio ===
{{vide etiam|Categoria (Kant)}}
[[File:Immanuelkant.JPG|thumb|Statua de Kant in le Schola de Philosophia e Scientias Human del [[Universitate Federal de Minas Gerais]] (UFMG), [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil]]
Post le «Analytica Transcendental» veni le «Logica Transcendental». Dum le prime se occupava del contributiones del sensibilitate, le secunde se occupa, primo, del contributiones del intellecto («Analytica Transcendental») e, secundo, del facultate del ''ration'' como fonte tanto de errores metaphysic como de principios regulative authentic («Dialectica Transcendental»). Le «Analytica Transcendental» es ulteriormente dividite in duo sectiones. Le prime, «Analytica del Conceptos», se occupa de establir le universalitate e necessitate del conceptos ''pur'' del intellecto (i.e., le categorias). Iste section contine le famose «deduction transcendental» de Kant. Le secunde, «Analytica del Principios», se occupa del application de iste conceptos pur in judicios ''empiric''. Iste secunde section es plus longe que le prime e es ulteriormente dividite in numerose sub-sectiones.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=4–13}}
==== Deduction transcendental del categorias del intellecto ====
Le «Analytica del Conceptos» argumenta in favor del validitate universal e necessari del conceptos pur del intellecto, o categorias, per exemplo, le conceptos de substantia e causalitate. Iste dece-duo categorias basic defini lo que significa esser un ''cosa in general'' —isto es, illos articula le conditiones necessari secundo le qual alique es un possibile objecto del experientia. Iste categorias, in combination con le formas ''a priori'' del intuition, es le base de tote cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Secundo [[Paul Guyer]] e [[Allen W. Wood]], «le idea de Kant es que, justo como il ha certe characteristicas essential de tote judicios, assi debe haber certe manieras correspondente in le qual nos forma le conceptos de objectos pro que judicios pote esser facite super objectos».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=8}}
Kant presenta duo lineas central de argumentation in supporto de su assertiones concernente le categorias. Le prime, cognoscite como le «deduction metaphysic», procede analyticmente ab un tabella del functiones logic aristotelic del judicio. Como Kant esseva consciente, isto assume precisamente lo que le sceptico refuta, a saper, le existentia de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Pro iste ration, Kant presenta etiam un argumento synthetic que non depende del assumption in question.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=89–90}}
Iste argumento, presentate sub le titulo «Deduction Transcendental del Conceptos Pur del Intellecto», es largemente considerate tanto le plus importante como le plus difficile del argumentos de Kant in le ''Critica''. Kant mesme diceva que illo esseva le parte que requireva le plus labor de su parte.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi</ref> Frustrate per le reception confuse del prime edition de su libro, ille lo rescribeva completemente pro le secunde edition.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(e)}}{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4}}
Le «Deduction Transcendental» presenta le argumento de Kant que iste conceptos pur se applica universal e necessariemente al objectos que es date in le experientia. Secundo Guyer e Wood, «Il centra su argumento super le premissa que nostre experientia pote esser attribuite a un sol subjecto identic, per medio de lo que ille appella le “unita transcendental del apperception”, solmente si le elementos del experientia date in le intuition es syntheticamente combinate assi que illos nos presenta objectos que es pensate per medio del categorias».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=9}}
Le principio de apperception de Kant es que «Le Io pensa debe poter accompaniar tote mi representationes; nam alteremente alique esserea representate in me que non poterea esser pensate de sorta, lo que equivale a dicer que le representation o esserea impossibile o, al minus, nihil esserea pro me».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B131-32</ref> Le possibilitate ''necessari'' del auto-attribution del representationes del autoconscientia, identic con se mesme trans le tempore, es un veritate conceptual ''a priori'' que non pote esser fundate super le experientia.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4.1}} Isto es solmente un esquissa general de un del argumentos que Kant presenta.
==== Principios del intellecto pur ====
Le deduction de Kant del categorias in le «Analytica del Conceptos», si illo es succedite, demonstra su assertiones concernente le categorias solmente in un maniera abstracte. Le carga del «Analytica del Principios» es monstrar tanto ''que'' illos debe applicar universalmente al objectos date in le experientia real (i.e., multitudes de intuition) como ''como'' illos face isto.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=9–10}} In le prime libro<!--????--> de iste section<!--????--> super le «[[Schema (Kant)|schematismo]]», Kant conecta cata un del categorias puramente logic del intellecto al temporalitate del intuition pro monstrar que, ben que illos non es empiric, illos tamen ha application al objectos del experientia. Le secunde libro continua iste linea de argumento in quatro capitulos, cata un associate con un del gruppos de categorias. In certe casos, illo adde un connexion con le dimension spatial del intuition al categorias que illo analysa.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=10–11}} Le quarte capitulo de iste section, «Le Analogias del Experientia», marca un cambiamento ab principios «mathematical» a principios «dynamic», isto es, a illos que tracta del relationes inter objectos. Alcun commentatores considera isto le section le plus significative del ''Critica''.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=11}} Le analogias es tres in numero:
# ''Principio del persistentia del substantia'': Kant se occupa hic del conditiones general pro determinar le relationes temporal inter le objectos del experientia. Ille argumenta que le unitate del tempore implica que «tote cambiamento debe consister in le alteration de estados in un substantia subjacente, cuje existentia e quantitate debe esser inalterabile o conservate».<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A182–26/B224–36</ref>
# ''Principio del succession temporal secundo le lege del causalitate'': Hic Kant argumenta que «nos pote facer judicios determinate super le succession objective de eventos, in contrasto con successiones simplemente subjective de representationes, solmente si cata alteration objective seque un regula necessari de succession, o un lege causal». Isto es le responsa le plus directe de Kant al scepticismo de [[Humeanismo#Causalitate e necessitate|Hume]] concernente le causalitate.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A186–211/B232–56</ref>
# ''Principio del simultaneitate secundo le lege del reciprocitate o communitate'': Le ultime analogia argumenta que «judicios determinate que objectos (o estados de substantia) in differente regiones del spatio existe simultaneemente es possibile solmente si tal objectos es in un relation causal mutual de communitate o interaction reciprocal». Isto es le responsa de Kant al these de [[Leibniz]] in le ''[[Monadologia]]''.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A211-15/B256-62</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=11–12}}
Le quarte section de iste capitulo, que non es un analogia, tracta del uso empiric del categorias modal. Illo esseva le fin del capitulo in le edition A del ''Critica''. Le edition B include un altere breve section, «Le Refutation del Idealismo». In iste section, per medio de un analyse del concepto de autoconscientia, Kant argumenta que su idealismo transcendental es un idealismo «critic» o «formal» que non nega le existentia de un realitate separate de nostre representationes subjective.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=12}} Le capitulo final del «Analytica del Principios» distingui le ''[[phenomena]]'', del qual nos pote haber cognoscentia authentic, ab le ''[[noumena]]'', un termino que se refere a objectos de pensamento pur que nos non pote cognoscer, ma al qual nos pote tamen referer «in un senso negative».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=12–13}} Un Appendice al section disveloppa ulteriormente le critica de Kant del rationalismo leibnizian-wolffian argumentante que su metaphysica «dogmatic» confunde le «simple characteristicas del conceptos per medio del qual nos pensa cosas ... [con] characteristicas del objectos mesme». Contra isto, Kant reafirma su proprie insistentia super le necessitate de un componente sensibile in tote cognoscentia authentic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=13}}
===Critica del metaphysica===
Le secunde del duo divisiones de "Le logica transcendental", "Le dialectica transcendental", contine le portion "negative" del ''Critica'' de Kant, que se basa super le argumentos "positive" del precedente "Analytica transcendental" pro revelar le limites del speculation metaphysic. In particular, illo cerca a demonstrar como fallace le tentativas del ration de attinger cognoscentia independente del sensibilitate. Iste effortio, argumenta Kant, es condemnate al fallimento, que ille pretende demonstrar monstrante que le ration, non limitate per le sensos, es sempre capace de generar conclusiones opost o alteremente incompatibile. Como "le columba legier, in volo libere per le aere, sentiente le resistentia que illo incontra" , le ration "pote haber le idea que illo poterea facer mesmo melio in un spatio sin aere". Contra isto, Kant sustene que, absente friction epistemic, il non pote haber cognoscentia. Nonobstante, le critica de Kant non es completemente destructive. Il presenta le excessos speculative del metaphysica traditional como inherente a nostre mesme capacitate de ration. In ultra, ille argumenta que lor productos non es sin un certe valor ''regulative'' (accuratemente qualificate).<ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521317245 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye/page/52 52]–55}}</ref>
====Super le conceptos del ration pur====
Kant appella le conceptos basic del metaphysica "ideas". Illos es differente del conceptos del intellecto in tanto que illos non es limitate per le restriction critic que limita le cognoscentia al conditiones de experientia possibile e a lor objectos. "Illusion transcendental" es le termino de Kant pro le tendentia del ration a producer tal ideas.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Ben que le ration ha un "uso logic" consistente simplemente in traher inferentias ex principios, in "Le dialectica transcendental", Kant se interessa al pretensive "uso real" del ration pro attinger conclusiones per medio de un ratiocination syllogistic regressive sin controlo.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}} Le tres categorias de ''relation'', quando illos es persequite sin reguardo al limites del experientia possibile, produce le tres ideas central del metaphysica traditional:
# ''Le anima'': le concepto de substantia como subjecto ultime;
# ''Le mundo in su totalitate'': le concepto de causalitate como serie complete; e
# ''Deo'': le concepto de communitate como fundamento commun de tote le possibilitates.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}}
Ben que Kant nega que iste ideas pote esser objectos de cognoscentia genuin, ille argumenta que illos resulta del impulsion inherent del ration a unificar le cognoscentia in un integre systematic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Le metaphysica de Leibniz e Wolff esseva dividite in quatro partes: ontologia, psychologia, cosmologia e theologia. Kant substitue le prime per le resultatos positive del prime parte del ''Critica''. Il propone de substituer le tres sequente per su doctrinas posterior de anthropologia, le fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural, e le postulation critic del libertate human e del moralitate.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=14}}
====Dialectic inferentias del ration pur====
In le secunde del duo libros de "Le Dialectic transcendental", Kant se effortia a demonstrar le natura contradictori del ration sin limites. Il face isto per disveloppar contradictiones in cata un del tres disciplinas metaphysic que, secundo su argumento, es in facto pseudoscientias. Iste section del ''Critica'' es longe e le argumentos de Kant es extrememente detaliate. In iste contexto, il non es possibile facer multo plus que enumerar le themas discutite.
Le prime capitulo tracta lo que Kant appella le ''paralogismos'' —i.e., inferentias false— que le ration pur face in le disciplina metaphysic del psychologia rational. Il argumenta que on non pote considerar le simple pensamento de "Io" in le proposition "Io pensa" como le cognoscentia correcte de "Io" como objecto. In iste maniera, ille pretende refutar varie theses metaphysic concernente le substantialitate, unitate e identitate de se del anima.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.i)}}
Le secunde capitulo, le plus longe, tracta le thema que Kant appella le [[Kant's antinomies|''antinomias del ration pur'']] —i.e., le contradictiones del ration con se mesme— in le disciplina metaphysic del cosmologia rational. Originalmente, Kant habeva pensate que tote illusion transcendental poterea esser analysate in terminos antinomic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=16}} Il presenta quatro casos in le quales, secundo ille, le ration es capace de provar theses opposite con equal plausibilitate:
# Que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le universo es simultaneemente finite e infinite in spatio e tempore";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le materia es e non es infinite divisibile in partes sempre plus parve";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le libero arbitrio non pote esser un parte causalmente efficace del mundo (proque tote le natura es deterministic) e tamen que illo debe esser un tal causa"; e
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que existe e non existe un ente necessari (que alcunos identificarea con Deo)".{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=16–17}}
Kant argumenta ulteriormente que, in cata caso, su doctrina del idealismo transcendental es capace de resolver le antinomia.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}
Le tertie capitulo examina argumentos fallace concernente Deo in le theologia rational sub le titulo del "Ideal del Ration Pur". (Dum un ''idea'' es un concepto pur generate per le ration, un ''ideal'' es le concepto de un idea como un cosa individual.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=17}}) Hic Kant examina e pretende refutar tres argumentos traditional pro le existentia de Deo: le [[argumento ontologic]], le [[argumento cosmologic]], e le [[argumento physico-theologic]] (i.e., le argumento del designio).{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.iii)}}
Le resultatos del dialectic transcendental usque a iste puncto pare esser completemente negative. In un appendice a iste section, Kant rejecta un tal conclusion. Le ideas del ration pur, ille argumenta, ha un importante function ''regulative'' in diriger e organisar nostre investigationes theoric e practic. Le obras posterior de Kant disveloppa iste function a longe e in detalio.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=18}}
===Pensamento moral===
{{Main|Ethica kantian}}
Kant disveloppava su ethica, o philosophia moral, in tres obras: ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1785), ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]'' (1788), e ''[[Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1797). Concernente al moralitate, Kant argumentava que le origine del [[Bonitate e theoria del valor|bon]] non jace in alique cosa exterior al [[human]] subjecto, sia in le [[natura]] o date per [[Deo]], ma solmente in le bon voluntate mesme. Un bon voluntate es illo que age per deber, in accordo con le lege moral universal que le esser human autonome se da libere a se mesme. Iste lege obliga un a tractar le humanitate —comprehendite como agentia rational e representate tanto per se mesme como per alteres— como un [[fin in se mesme]] e non simplemente como [[medio (philosophia)|medio]] pro altere fines que le individuo pote haber. Kant es cognoscite pro su theoria que tote [[obligation moral]] es fundate in lo que ille appella le "[[imperative categoric]]", derivate del concepto de [[deber]]. Il argumenta que le lege moral es un principio del [[ration]] mesme, non fundate super factos contingente del mundo, como lo que nos renderea felice; ager secundo le lege moral non ha altere motivo que "dignitate de esser felice".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A806/B834</ref>
Nonobstante, le expertos es largemente de accordo que le ethica de Kant precede, in le major parte de su ideas central, le periodo critic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ursprünge der Ethik Kants in seinen vorkritischen Schriften und Reflektionen |date=1961 |publisher=Hain |url=[https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Urspr%C3%BCnge_der_Ethik_Kants_in_seinen.html?id=8hps0QEACAAJ |language=de}}; {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Problem der Kontingenz der Welt: Versuch einer positiven Aufarbeitung der Kritik Kants am kosmologischen Argument |date=1969 |publisher=Herder |url=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Giovanni |title=Kants "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft": ein Kommentar |date=2004 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft |location=Darmstadt |isbn=3534157419}}</ref>
====Idea del libertate====
In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant distingue inter le idea transcendental del libertate, que como concepto psychologic es "principalmente empiric" e refere a "si un facultate de initiar per se mesme un serie de cosas o estados successive debe esser assumite",<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467">Kant, ''CPuR'' A448/B467</ref> e le concepto practic del libertate como independentia de nostre voluntate del "coercition" o "necessitation per impulsos sensibile". Kant trova un fonte de difficultate in le facto que le idea practic del libertate es fundate super le idea transcendental del libertate,<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A533–34/B561–62</ref> ma, pro rationes practic, usa le signification practic, non prendente "nulle consideration de ... su signification transcendental", que ille considera esser propriemente "disponite" in le Tertie Antinomia, e que, como elemento in le question del libertate del voluntate, es pro le philosophia "un ver obstaculo" que ha embarrassate le ration speculative.<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/>
Kant appella ''practic'' "tote lo que es possibile per libertate"; ille appella le leges practic pur que jammais es date per conditiones sensibile, ma que es tenite analogemente al lege universal del causalitate, "leges moral". Le ration pote dar nos solmente le "leges pragmatic de action libere per le sensos", ma le leges practic pur date per le ration ''a priori'' dicta "lo que debe esser facite".<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/><ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A800–02/B 828–30</ref> Le categorias kantian del libertate functiona principalmente como conditiones pro le possibilitate de actiones (i) esser libere, (ii) esser comprendite como libere, e (iii) esser evaluate moralmente. Pro Kant, ben que le actiones como objectos theoric es constituite per medio del categorias theoric, le actiones como objectos practic (objectos del uso practic del ration, que pote esser bon o mal) es constituite per medio del categorias del libertate. Solmente in iste maniera pote le actiones, como phenomena, esser consequentias del libertate, e esser comprendite e evaluate como tal.<ref>[[Susanne Bobzien]], 'Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant', in ''Kant: Analysen, Probleme, Kritik'' Vol. 1, 1988, 193–220.</ref>
====Imperative categoric====
Kant face un distinction inter imperativos categoric e [[imperative hypothetic]]. Un ''imperative hypothetic'' es uno que debe esser obsequite pro satisfacer desiros contingente. Un ''imperative categoric'' obliga le [[agente rational]] independentemente de su desiros: per exemplo, tote agentes rational ha le deber de respectar altere agentes rational como fines individual in se mesmes, independentemente del circumstantias, mesmo si a vices il es in le interesse egoistic de un persona de non facer lo. Iste imperativos es moralmente obligatori a causa del forma categoric de lor maximas, e non a causa de factos contingente concernente un agente.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 83.</ref>
A differentia de imperativos hypothetic, que nos obliga in tanto que nos es parte de un gruppo o societate a que nos debe deberes, nos non pote optar ex le imperative categoric, proque nos non pote optar ex le facto de esser agentes rational. Nos debe un deber al rationalitate in virtute de esser agentes rational; ergo, principios moral rational se applica a tote agentes rational in tote momentos.{{sfn|Johnson|2008}} Dicite in altere terminos, con tote formas de rationalitate instrumental excludite del moralitate, "le lege moral mesme, sustene Kant, pote esser solmente le forma del legalitate mesme, proque nihil altere remane quando tote contento ha essite rejectate".{{sfn|Schneewind|2010|p=261}}
Kant propone tres formulationes del imperative categoric. Il asserta que illos es necessariemente equivalente, como expressiones del universalitate pur del lege moral in se mesme;<ref>Kant, ''G''. 4:420–421, 436.</ref> multe estudioses non es convincite.<ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–78</ref> Le formulationes es le sequente:
* ''Formula del Lege Universal'':
** "Age solmente secundo ille maxima per le qual tu pote al mesme tempore voler que illo deveni un lege universal";<ref name="Kant, G 4:421">Kant, ''G'' 4:421</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Lege del Natura'': "Age assi como si le maxima de tu action, per tu voluntate, deberea devenir un lege universal del natura."<ref name="Kant, G 4:421"/>
* ''Formula del Humanitate como Fin in se mesme'':
** "Age de maniera que tu usa le humanitate, tanto in tu proprie persona como in le persona de cata altere, sempre al mesme tempore como fin e jammais simplemente como medio".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:429</ref>
* ''Formula del Autonomia'':
** "le idea del voluntate de cata esser rational como un voluntate que da lege universal",<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:431; cf. 4:432</ref> o "Non eliger alteremente que in maniera que le maximas de tu election sia al mesme tempore comprehendite con illo, in le mesme volition, como lege universal";<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:440; cf. 4:432, 434, 438</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Regno del Fines'': "Age secundo maximas de un membro universalmente legislative de un regno simplemente possibile de fines."<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:439; cf. 4:433, 437–439</ref><ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, p.6</ref>
Kant defini ''maxima'' como un "principio subjective del volition", que es distinguite de un "principio objective o 'lege practic'". Dum le ultime es valide pro cata esser rational e es un "principio secundo le qual ille debe ager", un maxima "contine le regula practic que le ration determina in accordo con le conditiones del subjecto (frequentemente su ignorantia o inclinationes) e es assi le principio secundo le qual le subjecto age".<ref>Caygill, Howard. (1995) ''A Kant Dictionary''. Blackwell Publishing, p. 289, citante ''GMM''.</ref>
Le maximas falle a qualificar como leges practic si illos produce un contradiction in conception o un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Un contradiction in conception occurre quando, si un maxima esseva universalizate, illo cessarea de haber senso, proque le "maxima se destruererea necessariemente a si mesme tosto que illo esseva facite un lege universal".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:403.</ref> Per exemplo, si le maxima "Es permissibile romper promissas" esseva universalizate, nulle persona haberea confidentia in promissas facite, e assi le idea de un promissa devenirea sin signification; le maxima esserea contradictori a se mesme, proque, quando illo es universalizate, le promissas cessa de haber signification. Le maxima non es moral proque il es logicamente impossibile universalizar lo —nos non pote conceber un mundo in le qual iste maxima es universalisate.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 88.</ref>
Un maxima pote anque esser immoral si illo crea un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Isto non significa un contradiction logic, ma que le universalisation del maxima conduce a un stato de cosas que nulle esser ''rational'' desira.
===="Le doctrina del virtute"====
Como Kant explica in le 1785 ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' e como su titulo indica directemente, ille texto es "nihil plus que le recerca e establimento del ''principio supreme del moralitate''".<ref>Kant, ''GMM'' 4:392.</ref> Su promittite ''Metaphysica del Morales'' esseva multo retardate e non appareva usque a su duo partes, "Le Doctrina del Derecto" e "Le Doctrina del Virtute", esser publicate separatemente in 1797 e 1798.<ref>Gregor, Mary J. (1996) "Translator's note on the text of The metaphysics of morals". In ''Practical Philosophy''. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, p. 355.</ref>
Le prime tracta le philosophia politic; le secunde, le ethica. "Le Doctrina del Virtute" presenta "un narration multo differente del rationamento moral ordinari" ab illo suggerite per le ''Fundamento''.{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Illo se interessa a ''deberes del virtute'' o "fines que al mesme tempore es deberes".<ref>Kant, ''MM''. 6:382–391.</ref> Il es hic, in le dominio del ethica, que le major innovation de ''Le Metaphysica del Morales'' se trova. Secundo le explication de Kant, "le rationamento moral ordinari es fundamentalmente teleologic —illo es rationamento concernente le fines que le moralitate nos obliga a persequer, e le prioritates inter iste fines que nos es obligate a observar".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=69}}
<blockquote>Il existe duo classes de fines que es nostre deber haber: nostre proprie perfection e le felicitate de alteres (''MS'' 6:385). "Perfection" include tanto nostre perfection natural (le disveloppamento de nostre talentos, habilitates e capacitate de comprender) como nostre perfection moral (nostre disposition virtuose) (''MS'' 6:387). Le "felicitate" de un persona es le plus grande integre rational del fines que le persona ha fixate pro su proprie satisfaction (''MS'' 6:387–388).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=70}}</blockquote>
Le elaboration de Kant de iste doctrina teleologic propone un theoria moral multo differente de illo que normalmente es attribuite a ille super le base de su obras foundational sol.
=== Politica ===
{{vide etiam|Politica philosophic de Immanuel Kant}}
In ''Vers le Pace Perpetual: Un Projecto Philosophic'', Kant enumerava plure conditiones que ille considerava necessari pro terminar guerras e crear un pace durabile. Inter illas esseva un mundo de republicas constitutional.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:349–353</ref> Su theoria republican esseva extendite in le "Doctrina del Drito", le prime parte del ''[[Metaphysica del Morals]]'' (1797).<ref>Manfred Riedel, ''Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy'', Cambridge 1984</ref> Kant credeva que le historia universal conduce al fin ultime de un mundo de statos republican in pace, ma su theoria non esseva pragmatic. Le processo esseva describite in ''Pace Perpetual'' como natural plus tosto que rational:
{{blockquote|Lo que offere iste ''garantia'' (securitate) es nihil minus que le grande artista ''natura'' (''natura daedala rerum''), de cuje curso mechanic appare visibilemente le finalitate, lassante concordia emerger per medio del discordia inter esseres human, mesmo contra lor voluntate; e pro iste ration natura, considerate como necessitate per un causa cuje lege de operationes es incognoscibile a nos, es appellate ''fato'', ma si nos considera su finalitate in le curso del mundo como le profunde sapientia de un causa superior, dirigite verso le fin objective ultime del genere human e predeterminante iste curso del mundo, illo es appellate ''providentia''.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:360–362</ref>}}
Le pensamento politic de Kant pote esser resumite como governamento republican e organisation international: "In terminos plus characteristicamente kantian, illo es un doctrina del stato fundate super le lege (''[[Rechtsstaat]]'') e del pace eternal. In facto, in cata un de iste formulationes, le duo terminos exprime le mesme idea: celle de constitution legal o de 'pace per le lege'.<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 581–582</ref> "Le philosophia politic de Kant, essente essentialmente un doctrina juridic, rejecta per definition le opposition inter education moral e le joco de passiones como fundamentos alternative pro le vita social. Le stato es definite como le union de homines sub lege. Le stato in le proprie senso es constituite per leges que es necessari ''a priori'' proque illos deriva del ipse concepto del lege. Un regime pote esser judicate per nulle altere criterios ni assignate altere functiones que illos proprie al ordine legal como tal."<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 603</ref>
Kant se opponeva al "democratia", que in su epocha significava [[democratia directe]], proque ille credeva que le regula del majoritate poneva in periculo le libertate individual. Ille declarava que "''democratia'' in le stricte senso del parola es necessariemente un ''despotismo'' proque illo establi un poter executive in le qual omnes decide pro e, si necesse, contra un (qui assi non concorda), de sorta que omnes, qui tamen non es omnes, decide; e isto es un contradiction del voluntate general con se mesme e con libertate."<ref>Kant, p. 8:352</ref>
Como le major parte del autores de su epocha, Kant distingueva tres formas de governamento —democratia, aristocratia e monarchia— con [[governamento mixte]] como le forma plus ideal.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:352</ref> Ille credeva in ideales e formas republican de governamento, e in le [[dominio del lege]] que resultava de illos.<ref>Kant, pp. 8:349–8:353</ref> Ben que Kant publicava isto como un "obra popular", [[Mary J. Gregor]] observa que duo annos plus tarde, in ''Metaphysica del Morals'', Kant pretende demonstrar ''systematicamente'' que "establir un pace universal e durabile constitue non solmente un parte del doctrina del drito, sed plus tosto le integre fin ultime del doctrina del drito intra le limites del ration pur".<ref>Kant, ''MM'' 6:355</ref><ref>Gregor, Mary J. "Introduction", in ''Practical Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press, p. 313</ref>
Le pensamento politic posterior de Kant esseva profundemente preoccupate per le problema del guerra e le possibilitate de establir un pace durabile inter le statos. In ''[[Pace Perpetual: Un Sketch Philosophic|Vers le Pace Perpetual]]'' (1795), ille argumentava que un pace durabile non poteva esser securate simplemente per tractatos, ma requireva constitutiones republican, respecto del derecto international e un federation voluntari de statos libere. Ille se opponeva al [[guerra de conquista|guerras de conquista]], al exercitos permanente e al practicas politic que incoragiava conflictos futur, e ille considerava le developpamento progressive de relationes international legal como un del tarefas politic central del humanitate.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kant's Social and Political Philosophy |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2016 |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Higgins |first=Olivier |title=Kant on Peace, Honor and the "Point of View" of Princes, 1755–1795 |journal=Modern Intellectual History |year=2023 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=738–763 |doi=10.1017/S1479244322000476 }}</ref>
''Le Doctrina del Drito'', publicate in 1797, contine le contribution le plus mature e systematic de Kant al philosophia politic. Illo tracta del deberes secundo le lege, que es "concernite solmente con le protection del libertate externe del individuos" e es indifferente al motivationes. Ben que existe un deber moral "de limitar nos a actiones que es juste, iste deber non es parte de [le drito] ipse".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Su idea politic basic es que "le derecto de cata persona de esser su proprie maestro es compatibile con le derectos de alteres solmente si institutiones juridic public existe".<ref>Ripstein, Arthur. (2009) ''Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy''. Harvard University Press, p. 9.</ref> Ille formula le principio universal del drito como:
{{Citation|Omne action es ''juste'' si illo pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal, o si, secundo su maxima, le libertate de selection de cata uno pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal. (''MS'' 6:230).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}}}}
===Scriptores religiose===
{{Main|Religion intra le limites del ration pur}}
A partir del seculo XX, commentatores tendeva a vider Kant como habente un relation tensionate con le religion, ben que isto non esseva le opinion predominante durante le seculo XIX. [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], cuje litteras adjutava a render Kant famose, scribeva: «Io crede que io pote inferer sin reservation que le interesse del religion, e del christianitate in particular, concorda completemente con le resultato del Critica del Ration.»<ref>Karl Leonhard Reinhold, ''Letters on the Kantian Philosophy'' (1786), 3rd Letter</ref> Secundo [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]], qui scribeva un del prime commentarios super Kant: «E non es iste systema mesme in le plus splendide accordo con le religion christian? Non deveni le divinitate e le beneficentia de iste ultime tanto plus evidente?»<ref>Johann Schultz, ''Exposition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason'' (1784), 141.</ref> Le ration pro iste interpretationes esseva le theologia moral de Kant e le opinion largemente diffundite que su philosophia esseva le grande antithese a [[Spinozismo]], que esseva largemente considerate un forma de pantheismo sophistificate o mesmo de atheismo. Proque le philosophia de Kant negligeva le possibilitate de arguer pro Deo per le ration pur sol, per le mesme ration illo etiam negligeva le possibilitate de arguer contra Deo per le ration pur sol.
Kant dirige su criticas le plus forte contra le organisation e le practicas del institutiones religiose que incoragia lo que ille considera un religion de falso servicio a Deo.<ref>Kant, ''RBMR'' Part IV, First part, First section [6:157–163]</ref> Inter le objectos principal de su critica es le rituales externe, le superstition e un ecclesia hierarchic. Ille vide iste practicas como effortios pro render se agradabile a Deo per medios altere que le adherentia conscientiose al principio del rectitude moral in eliger e sequer le maximas proprie. Le criticas de Kant super iste questiones, insimul con su rejection de certe provas theoretic del existentia de Deo fundate super le ration pur, particularmente le [[argumento ontologic]], e su commentario philosophic super certe doctrinas christian, ha resultate in interpretationes que considera Kant hostil al religion in general e al christianitate in particular.<ref>E.g., Walsh, W.H., 1967, "Kant, Immanuel: Philosophy of Religion", ''The Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Volume Four, Paul Edwards (ed.), New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. & The Free Press, 322.</ref> Altere interpretes, nonobstante, considera que Kant tentava distinguer le credentias christian defendibile del illas indefendibile.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Pasternack|first1=Lawrence|last2=Rossi|first2=Philip|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|url=[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's](http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's) Philosophy of Religion|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2014|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/%7Curl-status%3Dlive%7D%7D)</ref>
Concernente le conception de Kant del religion, alcun criticos ha arguite que ille esseva sympathic al deismo.<ref>Per exemplo Peter Byrne, qui scribeva super le relation de Kant con le deismo. Byrne, Peter (2007), ''Kant on God'', London: Ashgate, p. 159.</ref> Altere criticos ha arguite que le conception moral de Kant passa del deismo al theismo (como theismo moral), per exemplo Allen W. Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (1970), ''Kant's moral religion'', London and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 16.</ref> e etiam [[Merold Westphal]].<ref>Westphal, Merold (2010), ''The Emergence of Modern Philosophy of Religion'', in Taliaferro, Charles, Draper, Paul and Quinn, Philip (editors), ''A Companion to Philosophy of Religion'', Oxford: Blackwell, p. 135.</ref> Quanto al libro de Kant ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur|Religion intra le limites del Ration Pur]]'', esseva accentuate que Kant reduceva le religiositate a rationalitate, le religion a moralitate, e le christianitate a ethica;<ref>Iţu, Mircia (2004), ''Dumnezeu şi religia în concepţia lui Immanuel Kant din Religia în limitele raţiunii'', in Boboc, Alexandru and Mariş, N.I. (editors), ''Studii de istoria filosofiei universale'', volume 12, Bucharest: Romanian Academy.</ref> tamen, multe interpretes, inter illes Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (2020), ''Kant and Religion'', Cambridge University Press, p. 2.</ref> insimul con Lawrence Pasternack,<ref>Vider per exemplo Lawrence Pasternack, ''Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason'' (New York, Routledge, 2014), pp. 239–240.</ref> ora concorda con le assertion de [[Stephen Palmquist]] que un melior maniera de leger le ''Religion'' de Kant es vider lo como un tentativa de elevar le moralitate al stato de religion.<ref>Palmquist, Stephen (1992), "Does Kant Reduce Religion to Morality?", ''Kant-Studien'' 83.2, pp. 129–148.</ref>
Le philosopho german Josef Schmucker monstrava que le critica de Kant del provas traditional del existentia de Deo precede su periodo critic e pote esser traciate retro al annos 1760, como etiam le developpamento de su concepto del ideal transcendental.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant |date=1980 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |location=Berlin, BRD New York |isbn=311008130X}} e {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Weltproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft: Kommentar und Strukturanalyse des ersten Buches und des zweiten Hauptstücks des zweiten Buches der transzendentalen Dialektik |date=1990 |publisher=Bouvier Verl |location=Bonn |isbn=3416021851}}</ref>
=== Esthetica ===
{{vide etiam|Teleologia de Kant}}
[[File:Immanuel Kant.jpg|thumb|Gravura de Kant per Friedrich Rosmäsler, 1822, a partir de un pictura de Todd Schorr]]
Kant tracta le natura subjective de qualitates e experientias esthetic in ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' (1764). Le contribution de Kant al theoria esthetic es disveloppate in le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'' (1790), ubi ille investiga le possibilitate e le stato logic de "judicamentos de gusto". In le "Analytica del Belle", le prime division major del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant usa le termino "esthetic" in un maniera que se approxima a su senso moderne.<ref>Critique of Judgment in "Kant, Immanuel", ''[[https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf](https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf) Encyclopedia of Philosophy]'', volume 5, Macmillan, 2006, accessed on 16 November 2024</ref> In le ''[[Critica del Ration Pure]]'', pro notar le differentias essential inter judicamentos de gusto, judicamentos moral e judicamentos scientific, Kant abandona le termino "esthetic" como designante le critica del gusto, notante que le judicamentos de gusto nunquam pote esser "dirigite" per "leges ''a priori''".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A22/B36</ref> Post [[Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten]], qui scribeva ''Aesthetica'' (1750–58),{{efn|Beardsley, Monroe. "History of Aesthetics". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, section on "Toward a unified aesthetics", p. 25, Macmillan 1973. Baumgarten coined the term "aesthetics" and expanded, clarified, and unified Wolffian aesthetic theory, but had left the ''Aesthetica'' unfinished (Vide etiam: Tonelli, Giorgio. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, Macmillan 1973). In Bernard's translation of the ''Critique of Judgment'' he indicates in the notes that Kant's reference in § 15 in regard to the identification of perfection and beauty is probably a reference to Baumgarten.}} Kant esseva un del prime philosophos a developpar e integrar le theoria aesthetic in un systema philosophic unificate e comprehensibile, utilisante ideas que habeva un rolo integral in tote su philosophia.<ref>German Idealism in "History of Aesthetics" ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol 1. Macmillan, 1973.</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Belle" del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant dice que le beltate non es un proprietate de un obra de arte o de un phenomeno natural, sed plus tosto le conscientia del placer que accompania le "libere joco" del imagination e del intellecto. Ben que il pare que nos usa le ration pro decider lo que es belle, le judicio non es un judicio cognitive,{{efn|Kant's general discussions of the distinction between "cognition" and "conscious of" are also given in the ''Critique of Pure Reason'' (notably A320/B376), and section V and the conclusion of section VIII of his Introduction in ''Logic''.}} "e per consequentia non logic, sed aesthetic".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §1</ref>
Un judicio pure de gusto es subjective pois que illo se refere al responsa emotional del subjecto e es fundate solmente super le appreciation del objecto ipse: illo es un placer disinteressate, e nos senti que le judicios pure de gusto (i.e., judicios de beltate) reclama validitate universal.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§ 20–22</ref> Iste validitate universal non deriva de un concepto determinate de beltate, sed de le ''senso commun''.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §40</ref> Kant credeva anque que un judicio de gusto comparti characteristicas con un judicio moral: ambes es disinteressate, e nos considera les universalmente valide.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §59</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Taste |year=1997 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674500358 |pages=15–20}}</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Sublime", Kant identifica le [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] como un qualitate aesthetic que, como le beltate, es subjective, sed que, a differentia del beltate, se refere a un relation indeterminate inter le facultates del imagination e del ration. Illo comparti anque le character del judicamentos moral in su implication del ration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clewis |first=Robert R. |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521760867 |pages=48–52}}</ref> Le sentimento del sublime, dividite in duo modos distincte (le sublime mathematic e le sublime dynamic),<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §24</ref> describe duo momentos subjective concernente le relation del facultate del imagination al ration. Alcun commentatores sustene que le philosophia critic de Kant contine un tertie typo del sublime, le sublime moral, que es le responsa aesthetic al lege moral o a un representation, e un disveloppamento del sublime "nobile" in le theoria de Kant de 1764.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clewis |first=Robert |year=2009 |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Le sublime mathematic resulta del fallimento del imagination a comprender objectos natural que appare sin limites e sin forma, o que appare "absolute grande".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§23–25</ref> Iste fallimento imaginative es alora recuperate per le placer prendite in le assertion del ration del concepto de infinito. In iste movimento le facultate del ration prova esser superior a nostre fallibile self sensibile.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§25–26</ref> In le sublime dynamic, il ha le senso de annihilation del self sensibile quando le imagination tenta comprender un potentia enorme. Iste potentia del natura nos mena, sed per le resistentia del ration a tal annihilation sensibile, le subjecto senti un placer e un senso del vocation moral human. Iste appreciation del sentimento moral per medio del exposition al [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] adjuta a developpar le character moral.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§28–29</ref> Kant developpava un theoria del [[Humor|humor]],<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §54</ref> que ha essite interpretate como un theoria del "incongruentia". Il illustrava su theoria del humor per narrar tres scherzos in le ''Critica del Judicio''. Il pensava que le impacto physiologic del humor es simile a illo del musica.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jakobidze-Gitman|first=Alexander|title=Kant's Situated Approach to Musicking and Joking|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies|year=2020|volume=10|pages=17–33|doi=10.25364/24.10:2020.2}}</ref>
Kant developpava un distinction inter un objecto de arte como valor material subjecte al conventiones del societate e le condition transcendental del judicio de gusto como un valor "refinate" in su ''Idea pro un Historia Universal con un Fin Cosmopolita'' (1784). In le Quarte e Quinte Theses de iste obra ille identificava tote arte como le "fructos del insociabilitate" debite al "antagonismo in societate" del homines<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:20–22</ref> e, in le Septime These, affirmava que, ben que tal proprietate material es indicative de un stato civilisate, sol le ideal del moralitate e le universalisation del valor refine per le melioration del mente "appartene a cultura".<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:24–26.</ref>
===Anthropologia===
Kant faceva lectiones super [[Historia del anthropologia|anthropologia]], le studio del natura human, durante vinti-tres annos.<ref><nowiki>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Holly |title=Kant's Pragmatic Anthropology |url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils) |url-access=limited |date=2006 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=978-0791468494 |page=[[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21<nowiki>) 7]}}</nowiki></ref> Su ''[[Anthropologia ab un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' esseva publicate in 1798. Transcriptiones del lectiones de Kant super anthropologia esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 1997 in germano.<ref>Thomas Sturm, ''Kant und die Wissenschaften vom Menschen'' (Paderborn: Mentis Verlag, 2009).</ref> Kant esseva inter le prime personas de su epocha a introducer le anthropologia como area intellectual de studio, multo ante que le campo deveniva popular, e su textos es considerate como habente facite progressar le campo. Su puncto de vista influentiava le obras de philosophos posterior como [[Martin Heidegger]] e [[Paul Ricœur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piercey |first1=Robert |last2=Philosophy Documentation Center |date=2011 |title=Kant and the Problem of Hermeneutics: Heidegger and Ricoeur on the Transcendental Schematism |url=[http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection](http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection) |journal=Idealistic Studies |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–202 |doi=10.5840/idstudies201141315 |issn=0046-8541|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Kant esseva le prime a suggerer le uso de un approccio dimensional al diversitate human. Il analysava le natura del [[Hippocrate]]-[[Galen]] [[quatro temperamentos]] e representava in duo dimensiones "lo que pertine al facultate del desiderio de un esser human": "su aptitude natural o disposition natural" e "su temperamento o sensibilitate".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:285</ref> Le colericos esseva describite como emotional e energetic, le flemmaticos como equilibrate e debile, le sanguinees como equilibrate e energetic, e le melancholicos como emotional e debile. Iste duo dimensiones reapparer in tote le modelos subsequente de temperamento e tractos de personalitate. Kant considerava le anthropologia in duo grande categorias: (1) le approccio physiologic, que ille appellava "lo que le natura face del esser human"; e (2) le approccio pragmatic, que explora le cosas que un human "pote e debe facer de se ipse".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:119</ref>
====Vistas super le racia====
Le theoria de Kant super le racia e su opiniones prejudicial es inter le areas le plus controverse del recerca kantian recente.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1438443614 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany, New York |pages=12–30 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Zorn |first=Daniel-Pascal |title=Kant—a Racist? |url=[https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/](https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/) |journal=Public History Weekly |year=2020 |volume=2020 |issue=8 |doi=10.1515/phw-2020-17156 |s2cid=225247836 |issn=2197-6376 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kleingeld |first=Pauline |date=October 2007 |title=Kant's Second Thoughts on Race |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/KLEKST |journal=Philosophical Quarterly |volume=57 |issue=229 |pages=573–592 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.498.x}}</ref>--> Ben que pauc, si alcun, contesta le racismo manifeste e le chauvinismo presente in su obra, un question plus contestate es le grado in le qual illo degrada o invalida su altere contributiones. Su criticos le plus sever asserta que Kant manipulava intentionalmente le scientia pro supportar le sclavitude e le discrimination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eze |first=Emmanuel |chapter=The Color of Reason: the Idea of 'Race' in Kant's Anthropology |date=1997 |url=[https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO](https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO) |title=Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader |pages=103–140 |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |publisher=Blackwell |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serequeberhan |first=T. |date=1996 |title=Eurocentrism in Philosophy: the Case of Immanuel Kant |journal=The Philosophical Forum |s2cid=170547963 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Alteres recognosce que ille viveva in un epocha de scientia immatur, con multe credentias erronee, alcun racist, tote apparente decennios ante le evolution, le genetica molecular e altere scientias que hodie es considerate como evidente.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Philosophy Junkie: Immanuel Kant's Racism and Sexism with Professors Lucy Allais and Helga Varden on Apple Podcasts |url=[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962) |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geismann |first=Georg |date=1 January 2022 |title=Why Kant Was Not a 'Racist' |url=[https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist](https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist) |journal=Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=263–357 |doi=10.3790/jre.30.1.263 |s2cid=255676303 |issn=0944-4610|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Kant esseva un del pensatores plus notabile del [[Illuminismo]] a defender le racismo. Le philosopho [[Charles W. Mills]] es inequivoc: "Kant es etiam considerate como un del figuras central in le nascentia del racismo 'scientific' moderne. Dum altere contributores al pensamento racial precoce como Carolus Linnaeus e Johann Friedrich Blumenbach habeva offerite solmente observationes 'empiric' (virgulettes de cautela necessari!), Kant produceva un ''theoria'' complete del racia."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112|p=95}}
Exemplos de su commentarios racistas pote esser trovate in ''Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime'', ubi ille rejecta le opinion de un "carpintero negro" dicente:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> <blockquote>Il poterea haber hic qualcosa digne de consideration, excepto le facto que <u>iste scelerato esseva completemente nigre de capite a pede, un prova distincte que lo que ille diceva esseva stupide</u>.</blockquote>Il usa etiam assertiones de [[David Hume|Hume]] pro formular opiniones raciste:<ref name=":3" /> <blockquote>Le negros de Africa <u>ha per natura nulle sentimento que se eleva supra le ridiculo</u>. Sr. Hume provoca quicunque a citar un sol exemplo ubi un negro ha demonstrate talentos, e asserta que inter le centos de milles de negros que ha essite transportate alterubi ab lor paises, ben que multes de illes ha essite liberate, tamen <u>nulle ha unquam essite trovate qui ha accomplishite alque grande in le arte o in le scientia o monstrate ulle altere qualitate digne de laude, durante que inter le blancos il ha sempre illes qui se eleva del plus basse plebe e per dons extraordinari gania le respecto del mundo. Assi essential es le differentia inter iste duo typos human, e illo pare esser tanto grande con respecto al capacitate del mente como con respecto al color.</u> Le religion del fetiches, que es diffundite inter illes, es forsan un sorta de idolatria, que cade tanto profundemente in le ridiculo como pare esser possibile pro le natura human. Un penna de ave, un corno de vacca, un concha, o qualcunque altere cosa commun, tosto que illo es consecrate con certe parolas, deveni un objecto de veneration e de invocation durante le juramentos. <u>Le negros es multo vanitose, ma al maniera del Negro, e assi loquace que illes debe esser separate le unes ab le alteres per colpos.</u></blockquote>
Il deride etiam le costumes de terras non-europee como China, India, Japon e Arabia. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>In Peking, quando il ha un eclipse del sol o del luna, illes continua ancora le ceremonia de expeller con un grande strepito le dracon que devorarea iste corpos celeste, e <u>illes conserva un costume miserabile ab le plus ancian tempores de ignorantia</u>, ben que ora on es melior informate.</blockquote>
In su ''De le differente racias del homine'', ille usa multo de racismo scientific pro describer differente racias. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2016 |title=Kant on the different human races (1777) |url=[https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/](https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/) |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Black Central Europe |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>Le profusion de particulas de ferro que se trova altrimenti in le sanguine de omne esser human, e que, in iste caso, es precipitate in le substantia reticulate per le evaporation del acido phosphoric (<u>lo que explica proque tote le negros ha mal odor</u>), es le causa del nigritie que brilla trans le epidermide. Le pesante contento de ferro in le sanguine pare etiam esser necessari pro impedir le debilitamento de tote le partes del corpore. Le pelle oleose, que debilita le mucus nutritive necessari al crescimento del capillos, permitte a pena le production del lana que coper le testa. <u>In plus, le calor humide generalmente promove le forte crescimento del animales.</u> In breve, tote iste factores explica le origine del Negro, <u>qui es ben adaptate a su clima, isto es, forte, carnal e agile.</u> Tamen, proque ille es assi abundantemente provite per su terra natal, <u>ille es etiam pigre, indolente e morose.</u></blockquote>
Pro justificar le superioritate del blancos, ille scribe in le mesme essay:<ref name=":4" /><blockquote>Inter le blancos, tamen, iste acidos e le contento alkaline volatile non es reflectite del toto proque le ferro in le liquores corporee ha essite dissolvite, monstrante assi tanto le <u>perfecte mixtura del liquores como le fortia de iste stirpe human in comparation con alteres.</u></blockquote>
Usante le [[quatro temperamentos]] del Grecia antique, Kant proponeva un hierarchia de categorias racial includente europeos blancos, africanos negros e americanos indigenas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |chapter=On the Different Races of Man |title=Race and the Enlightenment: a reader |url=https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse |publisher=Blackwell |year=1997 |isbn=063120136X |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse/page/38 38]–49 |oclc=34663347 |orig-date=1775, 1777}}</ref> Ben que ille esseva un defensor del [[racismo scientific]] durante le major parte de su carriera, le opiniones de Kant super le racia cambiava significantemente durante le ultime decennio de su vita, e ille finalmente rejectava le [[colonialismo]] europee in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795), e possibilemente abandonava su opiniones super le hierarchias racial tamben (ben que ille nunquam los repudiava explicitemente).{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112}}<ref name=":2" />{{efn|Kant scribeva que "[Le blancos] contine tote le impulsos del natura in affectiones e passiones, tote le talentos, tote le dispositiones al cultura e civilisation e pote tanto facilemente obedir como governar. Illes es le sol personas qui sempre progresse verso le perfection." Il describe le sud-asiaticos como "educate al grado le plus alte ma solmente in le artes e non in le scientias". Il dice que le Hindustanis nunquam pote attinger le nivello del conceptos abstracte e que un "grande hindustani" es un qui ha "progresso multo in le arte del deception e possede multe moneta". Il affirma que le hindus remane sempre como illes es e nunquam pote progressar. Super le africanos negros, Kant scribeva que "illos pote esser educate ma solmente como servientes, isto es, illes se lassa formar". Pro Kant, "le Negro pote esser disciplinate e cultivate, ma nunquam es vermente civilisate. Il cade de su proprie accordo in le savagitate." Super le americanos indigenas, Kant opinava que illes "non pote esser educate". Il los appellava immotivate, carente de affection, passion e amor, e los describerea como troppo debile pro labor, inapte a ulle cultura, e troppo [[Quatro temperamentos|flemmatic]] pro diligentia. Il diceva que le americanos indigenas es "multo infra le Negro, qui sin dubita occupa le plus basse de tote le nivellos restante per le quales nos designa le differente racias". Kant declarava que "le americanos e le negros non pote governar se mesme. Illes servi assi solmente como sclavos."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=169–193}}{{sfn|Bowersox|2016}}}} Kant esseva un adversario del [[Miscegenation|miscigenation]], credente que le blancos esserea "degradate" e que le "fusion de racias" es indesirabile, proque "non cata racia adopta le costumes e le mores del europeos". Il declara que "in loco del assimilation, que esseva intendite per le mixtura del varie racias, le natura ha hic facite un lege justo del contrario".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:320</ref> Kant esseva etiam un antisemita, credente que le [[Judaeos|judeos]] esseva incapace de transcender le fortias material, lo que un ordine moral exigeva. In iste maniera, le judeos es presentate como le contrario de christianos autonome e rational, e ergo incapace de esser incorporate in un societate christian etic. In su "Anthropologia", Kant appellava le judeos "un nation de fraudatores" e los representava como "un gruppo que ha sequite non le via del libertate transcendental ma illo del sclavitude al mundo material".{{sfn|Shrage|2019}}
Mills scribeva que Kant ha essite "purificate pro le consumption public"; su obras raciste esseva convenientemente ignorate.{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=95–97}} [[Robert Bernasconi]] affirmava que Kant "forniva le prime definition scientific de racia". [[Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze]] es creditate con haber portate al lumine le contributiones de Kant al racismo durante le annos 1990 inter le philosophos occidental, qui, secundo ille, frequentemente dissimulava iste parte de su vita e obra.{{sfn|Bouie|2018}} Pauline Kleingeld argumenta que, ben que Kant "defendeva un hierarchia racial al minus usque al fin del annos 1780", su opiniones super le racia cambiava significantemente in obras publicate durante le ultime decennio de su vita. In particular, illa argumenta que Kant rejectava opiniones anterior ligate al hierarchias racial e al derectos o statuto moral diminuite de non-blancos in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795). Iste obra contineva etiam argumentos extensive contra le [[colonialismo]] europee, que ille declarava moralmente injuste e incompatibile con le derectos equal possedite per le populationes indigene. Kleingeld argumenta que iste cambio in le opiniones de Kant plus tarde in su vita ha essite frequentemente oblidate o ignorate in le litteratura super le anthropologia raciste de Kant, e que le cambio suggere un recognition tardive del facto que le hierarchia racial esseva incompatibile con un quadro moral universalitate.{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}
Ben que le rhetoric raciste de Kant es indicative del stato del erudition e del scientia in le XVIII seculo, le philosopho german [[Daniel-Pascal Zorn]] explica le risco de prender citationes del epocha foras de lor contexto. Multe del citationes le plus outrageous de Kant proveni ab un serie de articulos de 1777–1788, un intercambio public inter Kant, Herder, le scientista natural [[Georg Forster]], e altere eruditos eminente de ille epocha.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race: late eighteenth-century writings |date=2013 |others=Jon M. Mikkelsen |isbn=978-1461943129 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany |oclc=861693001 |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref>{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=298–301, 343–345}}<ref>cf. Kant, ''DCHR'' 8:91–106</ref> Kant affirma que tote le racias del humanitate es del mesme specie, contestante le position de Forster e alteres que le racias esseva species distincte. Ben que su commentario es clarmente partial in alcun casos, certe assertiones extreme esseva specialmente formulate pro paraphrasar o contradir Forster e altere autores.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Considerante le arco complete del erudition de Kant, Zorn nota le progression tanto in su obras philosophic como anthropologic, "con le qual ille argumenta, contra le ''zeitgeist'', pro le unitate del humanitate".<ref name=":1" />
==== Vistas super le feminas ====
Le opiniones de Kant super le feminas pote esser trovate in su obras como ''Observationes'' (1764) e ''Anthropologia'' (1798), in le quales, negante al feminas le plen capacitate pro principios moral e le equal stato civic, ille los tracta como moralmente e politicemente subordinate al homines, e non como agentes complete in lor proprie derecto. Kant credeva que homines e feminas es naturalmente differente e debe sviluppar differente typos de excellentia: le homines es characterisate per ration, principios e le "sublime", durante que le feminas es characterisate per sentimento, beltate e sensibilitate. Il susteneva que le feminas es intelligente, ma credeva que illas non age secundo principios moral abstracte in le mesme maniera que le homines; in vice de isto, illas possede un "belle virtute" fundate super sympathia, cura e judicio emotional plus tosto que super deber rational. In su obra precoce ille videva iste virtute feminine como valorose e socialmente benefic, ma in su scriptos posterior ille negava sempre plus le capacitate del feminas pro ver autonomia moral, argumentante que solmente le action rational governate per principios constitue le plen virtute. Como resultato, Kant veniva a considerar le feminas como inadapte al plen equalitate moral e politic, assignante les un rolo principal in le matrimonio, le harmonia social e le refinamento del societate, plus tosto que in un vita moral o civic independente.<ref name=":3" />
==Influentia e hereditage==
[[File:300Jahrfeier.jpg|thumb|Poster celebrante le 300 annos del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], 1844. Inter alteres, Kant e [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]] es honorate.]]
Le influentia de Kant super le pensamento occidental ha essite profunde.{{efn|Oliver A. Johnson asserta que, "con le possibile exception del ''Republica'' de Plato, (''Critica del ration pur'') es le libro philosophic le plus importante jam scripte." Articulo super Kant in le collection ''Great thinkers of the Western World'', Ian P. McGreal, Ed., HarperCollins, 1992.}} Ben que le principios basic del [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant (isto es, que le spatio e le tempore es formas ''a priori'' del perception human plus tosto que proprietates real e le assertion que le logica formal e le logica transcendental coincide) ha essite declarate false per le scientia e le logica moderne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Strawson|first=Peter|title=Bounds of Sense: Essay on Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"|year=1966|url=https://archive.org/details/boundsofsenseess0000stra_u5x0|id={{ASIN|0415040302|country=uk}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Einstein on Kant|url=https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html|access-date=2 September 2020|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html#:~:text=Einstein%20wrote:,withstand%20the%20test%20of%20time.&text=However,%20if%20one%20does%20not,and%20norms%20of%20Kant%27s%20system.|url-status=live|accessdate=25 August 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html}}]()</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perrick|first=Michael|date=1985|title=Kant and Kripke on Necessary Empirical Truths|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mind_1985-10_94_376/page/596|journal=Mind|volume=94|issue=376|pages=596–598|doi=10.1093/mind/XCIV.376.596|jstor=2254731|issn=0026-4423}}</ref> e non determina plus le agenda intellectual del philosophos contemporanee, Kant es creditate con haber innovate le maniera in que le investigation philosophic esseva effectuate al minus usque al initio del dece-none seculo.<!--not very long! early twentieth?--> Iste cambio consisteva de plure innovationes intimemente relationate que, ben que multo controverse in se mesme, deveniva importante in philosophia ulterior e in le scientias social in senso large:
* Le subjecto human vidite como le centro del investigation del cognoscentia human, de sorta que es impossibile philosophar super cosas como illos existe independentemente del perception human o de como illos es "pro nos";<ref>Stephen Palmquist, "The Architectonic Form of Kant's Copernican Logic", ''Metaphilosophy'' 17:4 (October 1986), pp. 266–288; revised and reprinted as Chapter III of [[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) Kant's System of Perspectives] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) |date=14 April 2012 }}: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993).</ref>
* le notion que il es possibile discoperir e explorar systematicamente le limites inherente del capacitate human de cognoscer completemente ''a priori'';
* le notion del "imperative categoric", un assertion que le personas es naturalmente dotate del capacitate e del obligation verso le recte ration e le action. Forsan su citation le plus famose es prendite del ''Critica del ration practic'': "Duo cosas plen mi mente de admiration e reverentia sempre nove e crescente ... : ''le celo stellate supra me e le lege moral intra me''";<ref>Kant, ''CPracR'' 5:161</ref>
* le concepto de "conditiones de possibilitate", como in su notion del "conditiones del experientia possibile"; isto es, que cosas, cognoscentia e formas de conscientia se basa super conditiones precedente que los rende possibile, de sorta que, pro comprender o cognoscer los, plure conditiones debe esser comprendite:
** le assertion que le experientia objective es activemente constituite o construite per le functionamento del mente human;
** le concepto del autonomia moral como central al humanitate; e
** le assertion del principio que le esseres human debe esser tractate como fines e non simplemente como medios.
* le [[Distinction analytic–synthetic|distinction analytic-synthetic]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | chapter=The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction | date=2023 | publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University | chapter-url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan) }}</ref>
Le ideas de Kant ha essite incorporate in un varietate de scholas de pensamento. Illos include [[Idealismo german|idealismo german]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Beiser |first=Frederick C. |author-link=Frederick C. Beiser |title=German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 |url=https://archive.org/details/germanidealismst0000beis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |date=2002 |isbn=978-0674007703 |pages=Part I}}</ref> [[Marxismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=McLellan |first=David |title=Marxism after Marx |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=1998 |isbn=978-0333738399 |pages=22–25}}</ref> [[Positivismo|positivismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kolakowski |first=Leszek |title=Positivist Philosophy: From Hume to the Vienna Circle |url=https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1972 |isbn=0140212248 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak/page/67 67]–69}}</ref> [[Phenomenologia (philosophia)|phenomenologia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Carman |first=Taylor |title=Merleau-Ponty |publisher=Routledge |date=2008 |isbn=978-0415360616 |pages=34–36}}</ref> [[Existentialismo|existentialismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Walter |title=Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301 |publisher=Meridian Books |date=1989 |isbn=978-0452009301 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301/page/n10 9]–12}}</ref> [[Theoria critic|theoria critic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Habermas |first=Jürgen |title=The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe |publisher=MIT Press |date=1987 |isbn=978-0745608303 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe/page/109 109]–113}}</ref> [[Philosophia linguistic|philosophia linguistic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dummett |first=Michael |title=Origins of Analytical Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1996 |isbn=978-0674644731 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm/page/45 45]–47}}</ref> [[Structuralismo|structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Piaget |first=Jean |title=Structuralism |publisher=Routledge |date=2001 |isbn=978-0415262491 |pages=10–12}}</ref> [[Poststructuralismo|post-structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Norris |first=Christopher |title=Deconstruction: Theory and Practice |url=https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr |publisher=Routledge |date=2003 |isbn=978-0415061742 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr/page/40 40]–42}}</ref> e [[Deconstruction|deconstruction]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Culler |first=Jonathan |title=On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0801479182 |pages=53–56}}</ref>
===Influentia historic===
[[File:Kant Kaliningrad.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Statua de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Replica per {{Interlanguage link|Harald Haacke|de}} del original per [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], que esseva perdite in 1945.]]
Durante su proprie vita, multo attention critic esseva dedicate al pensamento de Kant. Il influentiava [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], e [[Novalis]] durante le annos 1780 e 1790. [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] esseva grandemente influentiate per Kant e adjutava a diffunder le cognoscentia de ille, e del Idealismo german in general, in le Regno Unite e le Statos Unite. In su ''[[Biographia Literaria]]'' (1817), ille attribue al ideas de Kant su conviction que le mente non es un agente passive, ma un agente active in le apprehension del realitate. Hegel esseva un del prime grande criticos de Kant. Secundo Hegel, le integre projecto de separar un "subjecto transcendental" (isto es, le conscientia human) tanto del individuo vivente como del natura, historia e societate esseva fundamentalmente defective,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline|year=1827|location=Heidelberg|pages=14–15}}</ref> ben que partes de ille projecto poteva esser utilisate in un nove direction. Concernements similar motivava le criticas de Hegel del concepto de autonomia moral de Kant, al qual Hegel opponeva un ethica centrate super le "vita ethic" del communitate.{{efn|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, ''Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences''. trans. T.M. Knox. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975. Hegel's mature view and his concept of "ethical life" is elaborated in his ''Philosophy of Right''. Hegel, ''Philosophy of Right''. trans. T.M. Knox. Oxford University Press, 1967.}} In un senso, le notion de Hegel del "vita ethic" es intendite a includer, plus tosto que reimplaciar, le [[Ethica kantian|ethica kantian]]. E Hegel pote esser vidite como attemptante defender le idea de libertate de Kant como un superar le "desiderios" finite per medio del ration. Assi, in contrasto con criticos ulterior como Nietzsche o Russell, Hegel comparti alcun del preoccupationes de Kant.{{efn|Robert Pippin's ''Hegel's Idealism'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) emphasizes the continuity of Hegel's concerns with Kant's. Robert Wallace, ''Hegel's Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) explains how Hegel's ''Science of Logic'' defends Kant's idea of freedom as going beyond finite "inclinations", contra skeptics such as David Hume.}}
Le pensamento de Kant super le religion esseva usate in Britannia per philosophos como [[Thomas Carlyle]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cody |first=David |date= |title=Carlyle: Sources and Influence |url=[https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html](https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html) |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=The Victorian Web}}</ref> pro contestar le declino del fide religiose in le dece-none seculo. Autores catholic britanno, notabilemente [[G. K. Chesterton]] e [[Hilaire Belloc]], sequeva iste approccio.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morse |first=David |title=The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism |url=https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333913918 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi/page/198 198]–200}}</ref> Criticas de Kant esseva commun in le vistas realista del nove [[Positivismo|positivismo]] de ille tempore. [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] esseva fortemente influentiate per le [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant. Como [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi]], [[Salomon Maimon]], [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]] e Fichte ante ille, Schopenhauer esseva critic de le theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Le cosas-in-se, illes argumentava, non es ni le causa de lo que nos observa, ni completemente foras de nostre accesso. Desde le ''Critica del ration pur'', philosophos ha essite criticos del theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Multes ha argomentate que, si un tal cosa existe ultra le experientia, alora on non pote postular que illo nos affice causalmente, proque isto implicarea extender le categoria "causalitate" ultra le dominio del experientia.{{efn|For a review of this problem and the relevant literature see ''The Thing in Itself and the Problem of Affection'' in the revised edition of Henry Allison's ''Kant's Transcendental Idealism''.}}
Con le successo e le large influentia del scriptos de Hegel, le proprie influentia de Kant comenciava a declinar, ma un reevaluation de su ideas comenciava in Germania in 1865 con le publication de ''Kant und die Epigonen'' per [[Otto Liebmann]], cu motto esseva "Retro a Kant". Il sequeva un importante renascentia del philosophia theoric de Kant, cognoscite como [[Neo-kantianismo|neo-kantianismo]]. Le notion de Kant del "critica" ha essite plus largemente influente. Le prime romanticos german, specialmente [[Friedrich Schlegel]] in su "Fragmentos de Athenaeum", usava le conception reflexive de Kant del critica in lor theoria romantic del poesia.<ref>Schlegel, Friedrich. "Athenaeum Fragments", in ''Philosophical Fragments''. Trans. Peter Firchow. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991. See especially fragments Nos. 1, 43, 44.</ref> In le [[aesthetica]] tamben, [[Clement Greenberg]], in su essay classic "Modernist Painting", usa le critica kantian, que Greenberg appella "critica immanente", pro justificar le objectivos del [[Arte abstracte|pictura abstracte]], un movimento que Greenberg videva como consciente del limitation clave — le planitate — que constitue le medio del pictura.<ref>Greenberg, Clement. "Modernist Painting", in ''The Philosophy of Art'', ed. Alex Neill and Aaron Ridley, McGraw-Hill, 1995.</ref> Le philosopho francese [[Michel Foucault]] esseva etiam grandemente influentiate per le notion de Kant de "critica" e scribeva plure textos super Kant pro reexaminar le Illuminismo como un forma de "pensamento critic". Il iva usque a classificar su proprie philosophia como un "historia critic del modernitate, radicate in Kant".<ref>See "Essential Works of Foucault: 1954–1984 vol. 2: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology". Ed. by James Faubion, Trans. Robert Hurley et al. New York City: The New Press, 1998 (2010 reprint). See "Foucault, Michel, 1926 –" entry by Maurice Florence.</ref>
Kant credeva que le veritates mathematic es formas de cognoscentia [[Synthetic a priori|synthetic ''a priori'']], lo que significa que illos es necessari e universal, ma cognoscite per le intuition ''a priori'' del spatio e del tempore, como preconditiones transcendental del experientia.<ref>For a discussion and qualified defense of this position, see Stephen Palmquist, "A Priori Knowledge in Perspective: (I) Mathematics, Method and Pure Intuition", ''The Review of Metaphysics'' 41:1 (September 1987), pp. 3–22.</ref> Le commentarios frequentemente breve de Kant super le [[Mathematica|mathematica]] influentiava le schola mathematic cognoscite como [[Intuitionismo|intuitionismo]], un movimento in le [[philosophia del mathematica]] opponite al [[Formalismo (mathematica)|formalismo]] de [[David Hilbert]] e al [[Logicismo|logicismo]] de [[Gottlob Frege]] e [[Bertrand Russell]].{{efn|[[Stephan Körner|Körner, Stephan]], ''The Philosophy of Mathematics'', Dover, 1986. For an analysis of Kant's writings on mathematics see, Friedman, Michael, ''Kant and the Exact Sciences'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992.}}
===Influentia super pensatores moderne===
[[File:DBP - 250 Jahre Immanuel Kant - 90 Pfennig - 1974.jpg|thumb|upright|Marca postalde [[Germania Occidental]], 1974, commemorante le 250me anniversario del nascentia de Kant]]
Con su ''Pace perpetue'', Kant es considerate como habente prefigurate multe del ideas que veniva a formar le [[theoria del pace democratic]], un del principal controversias in le [[scientia politic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ray|first=James Lee|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|title=Does Democracy Cause Peace?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|archive-date=17 February 2008|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|year=1998|volume=1|pages=27–46|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm |date=17 February 2008 }}</ref> Plus concretemente, le theorista constructivista [[Alexander Wendt]] proponeva que le anarchia del systema international pote evolver ab le anarchia hobbesian "brutal" comprendite per le theoristas realista, trans [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], per le anarchia lockean, e finalmente verso un anarchia kantian in le qual le estados vidererea lor interesses proprie como inseparabilemente ligate al benesser de altere estados, transformante assi le politica international in un forma multo plus pacific.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wendt |first=Alexander |title=Social Theory of International Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/socialtheoryofin0000wend_z8x6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |pages=chapter 6}}</ref>
Inter le kantians prominente recente se trova le philosophos britanno [[P. F. Strawson]],{{efn|Strawson, P.F., ''The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason''. Routledge: 2004. When first published in 1966, this book forced many Anglo-American philosophers to reconsider Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''.}} [[Onora O'Neill]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|title=Onora O'Neill Wins Holberg Prize for Academic Research|last=Aridi|first=Sara|date=14 March 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 January 2019|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109111404/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|url-status=live}}</ref> e [[Quassim Cassam]],<ref>Cassam, Q. ''The Possibility of Knowledge'' Oxford: 2009</ref> e le philosophos american [[Wilfrid Sellars]],<ref>Sellars, Wilfrid, ''Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes''. Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1967</ref> [[Lewis White Beck]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&q=lEWIS+wHITE+bECK#v=snippet&q=lEWIS%20wHITE%20bECK&f=false ''Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers''. Shook, John R. Ed. Thoemmes Continuum, Bristol], 2005 p. 166 {{ISBN|9781843710370}} Lewis White Beck on Google Books</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236806211_Lewis_White_Beck_on_Reasons_and_Causes "Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. ''Journal on the History of Ideas'' July, 2002 63 (3) pp. 539–548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net]</ref> e [[Christine Korsgaard]].{{efn|Korsgaard, Christine. ''Creating the Kingdom of Ends''. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.{{ISBN|978-0521496445}} ''Not a commentary, but a defense of a broadly Kantian approach to ethics''.}} A causa del influentia de Strawson e Sellars, inter alteres, il ha habite un renovate interesse in le conception de Kant del mente. Central a multe debattos in le [[philosophia del psychologia]] e le [[scientia cognitiv]] es le conception de Kant del unitate del conscientia.
[[Jürgen Habermas]] e [[John Rawls]] es duo importante philosophos politic e moral cuje obra es fortemente influentiate per le philosophia moral de Kant.{{efn|See Habermas, J. ''Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action''. Trans. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1996. For Rawls see, Rawls, John. ''Theory of Justice'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971. Rawls has a well-known essay on Kant's concept of good. See, Rawls, "Themes in Kant's Moral Philosophy" in ''Kant's Transcendental Deductions''. Ed. Eckart Förster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.}} Illes ha argomentate contra le [[relativismo]],<ref>Habermas, J. (1994): The Unity of Reason in the Diversity of Its Voices. In: Habermas, J. (Ed.): ''Postmetaphysical Thinking. Political Essays'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: 115–148.</ref> supportante le opinion kantian que le universalitate es essential a omne philosophia moral viabile. Le studio de [[Mou Zongsan]] super Kant ha essite citate como un parte multo crucial in le disveloppamento del philosophia personal de Mou, specialmente le [[Neo-confucianismo|Neo-confucianismo]]. Largemente considerate le studioso de Kant le plus influente in China, le critique rigorose de Mou del philosophia de Kant — habente traducite le tres [[Critica del ration pur|criticas]] de Kant — serviva como un attempto ardente de reconciliar le philosophia chinese e occidental durante que illo accresceva le pression pro [[Westernization|occidentalisation]] in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Palmquist |first1=Stephen |title=Cultivating Personhood: Kant and Asian Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm |url-access=limited |year= 2010 |publisher=De Gruyter, Inc. |location=Hong Kong |isbn=978-3110226249|page=[https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm/page/n43 25] |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wing-Cheuk |first1=Chan |title=Mou Zongsan's Transformation of Kant's Philosophy |journal=Journal of Chinese Philosophy |date=21 February 2006 |volume=33 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6253.2006.00340.x }}</ref>
[[File:Kant-Münze DDR.jpg|thumb|upright|Moneta commemorative del [[Germania Oriental|Germania Oriental]] in honor de Kant, 1974]]
A causa del profunditate del cambio de paradigma de Kant, su influentia se extende multo ultra isto a pensatores qui ni refere specificamente a su obra ni usa su terminologia. Le influentia de Kant se extendeva al scientias social, comportamental e physic — como in le sociologia de [[Max Weber]], le psychologia de [[Jean Piaget]] e [[Carl Jung]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Whether jung was a kantian? |journal=Con-Textos Kantianos |year=2016 |issue=4 |pages=118–126 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.2550828 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719 |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055819/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719_Whether_jung_was_a_kantian |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Kant and Jung on the prospects of Scientific Psychology |journal=Estudos Kantianos |year=2017 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=357–390 |doi=10.36311/2318-0501.2017.v5n1.26.p375 |url=https://philpapers.org/archive/BALIKA.pdf |doi-access=free |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref> Le obra de Kant super mathematica e cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' es etiam citate per le physico theoric [[Albert Einstein]] como un influentia precoce super su disveloppamento intellectual, ben que illo esseva un influentia que ille plus tarde criticava e rejectava.<ref>Isaacson, Walter. "Einstein: His Life and Universe". p. 20.</ref> In le annos 2020, il ha essite un interesse renovate in le theoria de Kant super le mente ab le puncto de vista del [[logica formal]] e del [[informatica]].<ref>Theodora Achourioti & Michiel van Lambalgen, 'A Formalization of Kant's Transcendental Logic', ''The Review of Symbolic Logic'', 4 (2011), 254–289.</ref>
===Lista de obras major===
Abbreviationes usate in le corpore del articulo es in '''grasse''' inter consolas. Salvo indication contraire, le pagination es celle del edition critic ''Akademie'', que pote esser trovate in le margines del traductiones de Cambridge.
* 1749: ''[[Pensamentos super le estimation ver de fortias vivente]]'' (''Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte'')
* 1755: ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]'' ['''UNH'''] ({{lang|de|Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels}})
* 1755: ''Breve esquisse de certe meditationes super le foco'' (''Meditationum quarundam de igne succinta delineatio'' ([[thesis de magistro]] sub [[Johann Gottfried Teske]])<ref>The thesis was submitted on 17 April 1755. "The public examination was held four weeks later on 13 May, and the degree was formally awarded on 12 June" (Eric Watkins, ''Kant: Natural Science'', Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 309).</ref><ref>Eric Watkins (ed.), ''Kant and the Sciences'', Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 27.</ref><ref>Martin Schonfeld, ''The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 74.</ref><ref>Available [[https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) online at Bonner Kant-Korpus] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) |date=6 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1755: ''Un nove elucidation del principios prime de cognition metaphysic'' (''Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio'' ([[thesis doctoral]]))<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 27 September 1755 (Kuehn 2001, p. 100).</ref>
* 1756: ''Le uso in philosophia natural de metaphysica combinate con geometria, parte I: Monadologia physic'' ['''PM'''] (''Metaphysicae cum geometrica iunctae usus in philosophia naturali, cuius specimen I. continet monadologiam physicam'', abbreviate como ''Monadologia Physica'' ([[thesis de habilitation]] como requisito pro un position de [[professor extraordinari]]))<ref>Kant's application for the position was unsuccessful. He defended it on 10 April 1756 (Kuehn 2001, p. 102).</ref>
* 1762: ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'' (''Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren'')
* 1763: ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]'' (''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'')
* 1763: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' ['''NQ'''] (''Versuch den Begriff der negativen Größen in die Weltweisheit einzuführen'')
* 1764: ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' ['''OFBS'''] (''Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen'')
* 1764: ''Essay super le morbo del capite'' (''Über die Krankheit des Kopfes'')
* 1764: ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (le ''Essay premiate'') ['''PNTM'''] (''Untersuchungen über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral'')
* 1766: ''[[Somnios de un visionario de spiritos]]'' ['''DSS'''] (''Träume eines Geistersehers'')<ref>Available [[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant](https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant) online at Archive.org].</ref>
* 1768: ''Super le fundamento ultime del differentiation del regiones in spatio'' [1768] (''Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume'')<ref>Immanuel Kant, [[https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) "Concerning the ultimate ground of the differentiation of directions in space"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) |date=16 July 2018 }}.</ref>
* 1770: ''Dissertation super le forma e principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile'' ['''ID'''] (''De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis'' [thesis doctoral])<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 21 August 1770 (Kuehn 2001, p. 189).</ref><ref>Available [[https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) online at Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) |date=3 August 2020 }}.</ref><ref>English translation available [[:s:Kant's Inaugural Dissertation of 1770|online at Wikisource]].</ref>
* 1775: ''Super le differente racias del homines'' (''Über die verschiedenen Rassen der Menschen'')
* 1781: Prime edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR A''']<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The](http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The) Critique of Pure Reason|publisher=Etext.library.adelaide.edu.au|access-date=24 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2](https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2) December 2008}}</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 1. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1783: ''[[Prolegomenos a omne metaphysica futur]]'' ['''PFM'''] (''Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik'')
* 1784: "[[Un responsa al question: Quid es le Illumination?]]" ['''WE?'''] ("''Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?''")<ref>{{cite web|author=Frank-Christian Lilienweihs|url=[http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklaerung?|publisher=Prometheusonline.de|date=10 June 1999|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 August 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1784: "[[Idea pro un historia universal con un fin cosmopolita]]" ['''UH'''] ("''Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht''")
* 1785: "Determination del concepto de un racia human" ['''DCHR'''] (''Bestimmung des Begriffs einer Menschenrace'')
* 1785: ''[[Fundamento del metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''G'''] (''Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten'')
* 1786: ''[[Fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural]]'' ['''MFNS'''] (''Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft'')
* 1786: "Que significa orientar se in le pensar?" ['''OT'''] ("''Was heißt: sich im Denken orientieren?''")
* 1786: ''[[Incipiente conjectural del historia human]]'' ['''CB'''] (''Mutmaßlicher Anfang der Menschengeschichte'')
* 1787: Secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR B''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique) of Pure Reason|publisher=Hkbu.edu.hk|date=31 October 2003|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=27 April 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 2. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|date=20 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=26 December 2005|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1788: ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' ['''CPracR'''] (''Kritik der praktischen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1790: ''[[Critica del judicio]]'' ['''CPJ'''] (''Kritik der Urteilskraft'')
* 1793: ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur]]'' ['''RBMR'''] (''Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft'')<ref name="KReligion"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion](http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion) within the Limits of Reason Alone by Immanuel Kant 1793|publisher=Marxists.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 June 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1793: ''Super le ancian proverbio: Que pote esser correcte in theoria, ma non functiona in le practica'' ['''TP'''] (''Über den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht für die Praxis'')
* 1795: ''[[Pace perpetue: un esquisse philosophic]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant, "Perpetual Peace"|publisher=Mountr Holyoke |access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}})</ref> ['''PP'''] ("''Zum ewigen Frieden''")<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel](http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel) Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden, 12.02.2004 (Friedensratschlag)|publisher=Uni-kassel.de|date=24 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=23 September 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1797: ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''MM'''] (''Metaphysik der Sitten''). Le prime parte es Le Doctrina del Jure, que ha sovente essite publicate separatemente como Le Scientia del Jure.
* 1798: ''[[Anthropologia desde un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' ['''APPV'''] (''Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht'')
* 1798: ''Conflictto del facultates'' ['''CF''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant](http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant), The Contest of Faculties|year=1798|publisher=Chnm.gmu.edu|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Der Streit der Fakultäten'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Der Streit der Facultäten – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1800: ''[[Logica]]'' (''Logik'')
* 1803: ''Super pedagogia'' (''Über Pädagogik'')<ref>Available [[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) online at DeutschesTextArchiv.de] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) |date=10 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1804: ''Opus Postumum'' ['''OP''']
* 1817: ''Lectiones super theologia philosophic'' (''Immanuel Kants Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre'', editate per K. H. L. Pölitz) [Le edition anglese de A. W. Wood & G. M. Clark (Cornell, 1978) es basate super le secunde edition de Pölitz, 1830, de iste lectiones.]{{efn|As noted by [[Allen W. Wood]] in his Introduction, p. 12. Wood further speculates that the lectures themselves were delivered in the Winter of 1783–84.}}
== Notas ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{Ref}}
== Bibliographia ==
=== Introduction ===
* [[Gottfried Gabriel]]: ''Kant. Eine kurze Einführung in das Gesamtwerk.'' UTB, Paderborn 2022, ISBN 978-3-8252-5793-4.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biographie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-498-02491-4.
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Immanuel Kant.'' UTB-Profile/A. Francke, Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7720-8393-8.
* Jean Grondin: ''Kant zur Einführung.'' 3. Auflage. Junius, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-88506-363-8.
* [[Otfried Höffe]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' 7. Auflage. Beck, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-45977-1.
* [[Heiner F. Klemme]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Campus, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-593-37185-5.
* Heiner F. Klemme, Ansgar Lorenz: ''Immanuel Kant. Philosophie für Einsteiger.'' Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7705-6044-8.
* [[Georg Römpp]]: ''Kant leicht gemacht.'' 2. Auflage. UTB/Böhlau, Köln/Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-8252-2707-4.
* Arno Schubbach: ''Immanuel Kant zur Einführung.'' Junius, Hamburg 2022, ISBN 978-3-96060-331-3.
=== Biographias ===
* [[Steffen Dietzsch]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Reclam, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-379-00806-0.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biografie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2005, ISBN 3-499-61365-4.
* Arsenij Gulyga: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-518-45568-0.
* {{BBKL | url=https://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629032840/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml |archivedate=2007-06-29 |autor=Karl Knauß|band=3|spalten=1020-1095}}
* Manfred Kühn: ''Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Beck, München 2004, ISBN 3-406-50918-5.
* [[Wolfgang Ritzel]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-11-010634-5.
* [[Uwe Schultz]]: ''Immanuel Kant in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.'' Erweiterte Neuauflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-499-50659-9.
* [[Karl Vorländer]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/vorlaender-kant.html Immanuel Kant. Der Mann und das Werk].'' Meiner, Leipzig 1924. (3., erweiterte Auflage, Meiner, Hamburg 1992; Reprint: Fourier, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-932412-18-4)
=== Generalitates ===
* [[Josef Bohatec]]: ''Die Religionsphilosophie Kants in der Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer theologisch-dogmatischen Quellen.'' Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1938. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1966)
* [[Ernst Cassirer]]: ''[http://www.archive.org/details/kantslebenundleh00cassuoft Kants Leben und Lehre].'' Berlin 1921. (Band 8 der ''Gesammelten Werke.'') Meiner, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7873-1408-3.
* [[Wolfgang Carl]]: ''Die transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-465-02532-6.
* [[Wolfgang Deppert]]: ''ZEIT – Die Begründung des Zeitbegriffs, seine notwendige Spaltung und der ganzheitliche Charakter seiner Teile.'' nz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-515-05219-4, S. 35–79
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Individualistische Wirtschaftsethik.'' Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-03585-3.
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Theorie der Wissenschaft.'' 4 Bände, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, ISBN 978-3658151232.
* [[Farah Dustdar]]: ''Vom Mikropluralismus zu einem makropluralistischen Politikmodell. Kants wertgebundener Liberalismus'' (= ''[[Beiträge zur politischen Wissenschaft]].'' Band 115). Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-09997-4.
* [[Julius Ebbinghaus]]: ''Gesammelte Aufsätze, Vorträge und Reden.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1968 (enthält die wichtigsten Aufsätze Ebbinghaus’ zu Kants theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie).
* [[Norbert Fischer (Philosoph)|Norbert Fischer]] (Hrsg.): ''Kant und der Katholizismus – Stationen einer wechselhaften Geschichte.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-28507-3.
* Norbert Fischer, [[Maximilian Forschner]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Gottesfrage in der Philosophie Immanuel Kants.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-30135-3.
* [[Volker Gerhardt]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Vernunft und Leben.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-018235-2.
* {{Literatur |Autor=Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Weber, Maja Schepelmann |Titel=Immanuel Kant 1724-2024: ein europäischer Denker|Verlag=De Gruyter Oldenbourg |Datum=2022 |Reihe=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa, 83 |ISBN=978-3-11-076281-5}}
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Wie ist Freiheit möglich? Eine Untersuchung über das Lösungspotenzial zum Determinismusproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Francke, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-7720-8360-0.
* Ina Goy: ''Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar, eine Lesart, eine historische Einordnung'' (= Kant-Studien, Ergänzunghefte, Bd. 190). de Gruyter, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-047110-6.
* Inan Goy (Hrsg.): ''Kant on proofs for God's existence.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-068890-0.
* Dietmar Heidemann, Kristina Engelhard (Hrsg.): ''Warum Kant heute? Systematische Bedeutung und Rezeption seiner Philosophie in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-11-017477-4.
* [[Otfried Höffe]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft.'' Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003576-5.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Königliche Völker. Zu Kants kosmopolitischer Rechts- und Friedenstheorie.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-518-29119-X.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Die Grundlegung der modernen Philosophie.'' Beck, München 2003, ISBN 3-406-50919-3.
* Dieter Hüning, Burkhard Tuschling (Hrsg.): ''Recht, Staat und Völkerrecht bei Immanuel Kant. Marburger Tagung zu Kants „Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Rechtslehre“.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-428-09602-9.
* [[Karl Jaspers]]: ''Kant. Leben, Werke, Wirkung.'' Piper, München 1975, ISBN 3-492-00424-5.
* [[Wolfgang Kersting]]: ''Wohlgeordnete Freiheit. Immanuel Kants Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie.'' 3., erweiterte und bearbeitete Auflage. Mentis-Verlag, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-89785-587-8.
* Nikolai F. Klimmek: ''Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen'' (= ''Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte.'' Band 147). De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-11-018349-8.
* [[Rudolf Langthaler]] und Magnus Striet: ''Vernunftreligion statt Kirchenglaube? Kants unerledigte Anfragen an die Theologie''. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2024, ISBN 978-3-451-02413-9.
* Darius Koriako: ''Kants Philosophie der Mathematik. Grundlagen – Voraussetzungen – Probleme.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7873-1429-6.
* Günter Lottes, Uwe Steiner (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant. German Professor and World-Philosopher. Deutscher Professor und Weltphilosoph.'' Wehrhahn, Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-86525-214-2.
* [[Werner Moskopp]]: ''Struktur und Dynamik in Kants Kritiken. Kantstudien Ergänzungshefte.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-021232-7.
* Roland Mugerauer: ''Immanuel Kants transzendentaler Kritizismus und die Frage nach Gott: eine orientierende Skizze.'' Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, Baden-Baden 2021, ISBN 978-3-8288-4711-8.
* Robert Nehring: ''Kritik des Common Sense: Gesunder Menschenverstand, reflektierende Urteilskraft und Gemeinsinn – der Sensus communis bei Kant.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-13161-7.
* [[Günther Patzig]]: ''Wie sind synthetische Urteile a priori möglich?'' In: Josef Speck (Hrsg.): ''Grundprobleme der großen Philosophen. Philosophie der Neuzeit II.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-03306-0.
* Jannis Pissis: ''Kants transzendentale Dialektik.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-028156-9.
* [[Hermann Schmitz (Philosoph)|Hermann Schmitz]]: ''Was wollte Kant?'' Bouvier, Bonn 1989, ISBN 3-416-02178-9.
* Jürgen Stolzenberg (Hrsg.): ''Kant in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017529-5.
* [[Dieter Sturma]], Karl Ameriks (Hrsg.): ''Kants Ethik.'' Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-89785-308-6.
* [[Werner Thiede]] (Hrsg.): ''Glauben aus eigener Vernunft? Kants Religionsphilosophie und die Theologie.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-56703-0.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]]: Kant: Die Revolution des Denkens. C. H. Beck, München 2023, ISBN 3-406-80743-7
=== Critica ===
* [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]]: ''Kritik der theoretischen Philosophie,'' Band [https://books.google.de/books?id=sAUHAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 1] und [https://books.google.de/books?id=Is8AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 2], Hamburg 1801 (als Kommentar zur ''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'' angelegt; Kritik vom Standpunkt des britischen Empirismus).
* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]: ''[http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schopenhauer,+Arthur/Die+Welt+als+Wille+und+Vorstellung/Erster+Band/Anhang.+Kritik+der+Kantischen+Philosophie Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie].'' In: ''[[Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]].'' (Erster Band. Anhang)
* [[Broder Christiansen]]: ''Kantkritik. 1. Teil. Kritik der kantischen Erkenntnislehre.'' Clauss und Feddersen, Hanau 1911.
* Bernward Gesang (Hrsg.): ''Kants vergessener Rezensent. Die Kritik der theoretischen und praktischen Philosophie Kants in fünf frühen Rezensionen von [[Hermann Andreas Pistorius]].'' In: ''Kant-Forschungen.'' Bd. 18, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7873-1823-0, S. XI ([http://books.google.de/books?id=ZvhA6H7a2j8C&pg=PR11 Digitalisat]).
* [[Otto Willmann]]: ''Geschichte des Idealismus, Band 3: Der Idealismus der Neuzeit.'' Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-03710-7 (Darin insbesondere: Kapitel XV: ''Die Subjektivierung des Idealen durch Kants Autonomismus'').
* [[Engelbert Recktenwald]]: ''Gott, Freiheit und moralisches Gesetz. Kritische Untersuchungen zur Ethik Kants''. Verlag Karl Alber, Baden-Baden 2025, ISBN 978-3-495-98957-9.
=== Opus postumum ===
* [[Erich Adickes]]: ''Kants Opus postumum dargestellt und beurteilt.'' Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1920 (Kant-Studien. Ergänzungshefte; Nr. 50).
* [[Kurt Hübner (Philosoph)|Kurt Hübner]]: ''Leib und Erfahrung in Kants Opus postumum.'' In: Gerold Prauss (Hrsg.): ''Kant: Zur Deutung seiner Theorie von Erkennen und Handeln.'' Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 1973, ISBN 3-462-00962-1, S. 192–204.
* Dina Emundts: ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im „Opus postumum“. Zur Rolle des Nachlasswerkes für die Grundlegung der empirischen Physik'' (= ''Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie.'' Band 62). De Gruyter, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-11-018052-9.
=== Instrumentos auxiliare ===
* [[Rudolf Eisler (Philosoph)|Rudolf Eisler]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/kant-lexikon.html Kant-Lexikon. Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlaß].'' Berlin 1930. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1984, ISBN 3-487-00744-4)
* [[Heinz Heimsoeth]]: ''Astronomisches und Theologisches in Kants Weltverständnis'' (= ''Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz.'' Jahrgang 1963, Nr. 9).
* [[Gerd Irrlitz]]: ''Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01234-4.
* ''Kant im Kontext.'' III: ''Werke, Briefwechsel, Nachlass und Vorlesungen auf CD-ROM.'' Komplettausgabe 2007 von Immanuel Kant. InfoSoftWare, ISBN 978-3-932094-29-3. (2., erw. Auflage. 2009)
* [[Rudolf Malter]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant in Rede und Gespräch.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7873-1382-6.
* [[Carl Christian Erhard Schmid]]: ''Wörterbuch zum leichtern Gebrauch der Kantischen Schriften.'' 4. Auflage Jena 1798 [http://books.google.de/books?id=3_YGAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Carl+Christian+Erhard+Schmid%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6v4sUdiSOYTk4QTy8oA4&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false (Google)]
* ''Immanuel Kant: Die drei Kritiken in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Gesamtwerk.'' Mit einem verbindenden Text zusammengefasst von Raymund Schmidt. Leipzig 1933.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]], Jürgen Stolzenberg, [[Georg Mohr (Philosoph)|Georg Mohr]], Stefano Bacin (Hrsg.): ''Kant-Lexikon.'' 3 Bände. De Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-017259-1.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Immanuel}}
[[Categoria:Philosophos]]
[[Categoria:Gente german]]
[[Categoria:Philosophos politic]]
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'''Immanuel Kant'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|k|æ|n|t}},<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223061940/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant |date=23 February 2026 }}. ''[[Collins English Dictionary|Dictionario anglese de Collins]]''.</ref><ref>[[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023143832/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant |date=23 October 2014 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Dictionario non-abbreviate de anglese de Random House Webster]]''.</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|n|t}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant|lang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|title=Immanuel|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055817/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|title=Kant|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182053/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|url-status=live}}</ref>}} (nasceva como '''Emanuel Kant'''; 22 april 1724 – 12 februario 1804) esseva un [[philosopho]] german. Nascite in [[Königsberg]] in le [[Regno de Prussia]], ille es considerate un del pensatores central del [[Illuminismo]]. Su obras comprehensive e systematic in [[epistemologia]], [[metaphysica]], [[logica]], [[ethica]], [[esthetica]], [[theoria politic]], e le [[philosophia del religion]] ha facite de ille un del figuras le plus influente e le plus discutite del [[philosophia occidental]] moderne.
Le philosophia de Kant es centrate super le subjecto human e motivate per le desiro de assecurar le possibilitate tanto del cognoscentia como del moralitate contra le menacias del [[scepticismo]] e del [[determinismo]]. In le ''[[Critica del ration pur|Critica del Ration Pur]]'' (1781/1787), Kant argumenta in favor de [[idealismo transcendental]], le doctrina que [[spatio]] e [[tempore]] es solmente "formas de [[Anschauung|intuition]]" ({{Langx|de|[[Anschauung]]|links=no}}) que structura tote le [[experientia]] e que nos ha cognoscentia solmente del "apparentias" e non del natura de [[Cosa in se|cosas in se mesme]]. Kant faceva un parallel con le [[Revolution copernican|Revolution copernican]] in su proposition de considerar le objectos del experientia como conforme al formas spatial e temporal de [[Anschauung|intuition]] del personas e al [[Categoria (Kant)|categorias]] del intellecto, in loco del methodo traditional de monstrar como le mente poterea conformar se a su objectos.
Kant credeva que le [[ration]] es le fonte del [[moralitate]] e que le [[imperativo categoric]] obliga tote agentes rational. Il credeva que le esthetica nasce de un facultate de judicio disinteressate. Kant sperava que le [[pace]] perpetue poterea esser assecurate per medio de un [[federation]] international de statos [[republicanismo|republican]] e per le [[multilateralismo|cooperation international]]. Kant credeva que le religion ver es fundate super le moralitate. Le natura exacte de su conceptiones religiose es un question disputate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasternack |first=Lawrence |date=March 2020 |title=On the Alleged Augustinianism in Kant’s Religion |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/kantian-review/article/abs/on-the-alleged-augustinianism-in-kants-religion/FE116D6118D49612EF6F3C4181EF2A74] |journal=Kantian Review |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1017/S1369415419000487 |issn=1369-4154}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palmquist |first=Stephen |last2=The Society of Christian Philosophers |date=1989 |title=Immanuel Kant: A Christian Philosopher? |url=https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol6/iss1/5|journal=Faith and Philosophy |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.5840/faithphil1989619 |issn=0739-7046}}</ref>
==Prime annos de vita==
Immanuel Kant nasceva le 22 april 1724 in un familia german prussian de fide [[Lutheranismo|lutheran]] in [[Königsberg]] in [[Prussia Oriental]] (hodie [[Oblast de Kaliningrad]], Russia). Su matre, Anna Regina Reuter, nasceva in Königsberg de un patre originari de [[Nuremberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |title=Cosmopolis |website=Koenigsberg-is-dead.de |date=23 April 2001 |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-date=22 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322094741/http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Su supernomine es a vices erroneemente date como Porter. Le patre de Kant, Johann Georg Kant, esseva un fabricante german de harneses originari de [[Klaipėda|Memel]],{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} al tempore le citate le plus nord-oriental de Prussia (hodie Klaipėda, Lituania). Kant credeva que su familia esseva de origine scotic, ben que isto non ha essite verificate per recerca genealogic.<ref>R. K. Murray, "The Origin of Immanuel Kant's Family Name", ''Kantian Review'' '''13'''(1), March 2008, pp. 190–193.</ref>
Kant esseva baptisate como Emanuel, cambiante le orthographia de su nomine a Immanuel post haber apprendite le [[lingua hebraic|hebraico]].{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} Il esseva le quarto de novem filios (sex del qual attingeva le etate adulte).<ref>{{cite web |last=Haupt |first=Viktor |title=Rede des Bohnenkönigs – Von Petersburg bis Panama – Die Genealogie der Familie Kant |url=https://www.freunde-kants.com/kopie-von-kant-war-ostpreusse-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015 |website=freunde-kants.com |page=7 |language=de |accessdate=25 August 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf }}</ref> Le familia Kant accentuava le valores [[Pietismo|pietistic]] de devotion religiose, humilitate, e un interpretation literal del [[Biblia]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Pasternack |first1=Lawrence |title=Kant's Philosophy of Religion |date=2020 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant-religion/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Spring 2020 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=25 February 2021 |last2=Fugate |first2=Courtney}}</ref> Le education initial de Immanuel Kant esseva stricte, punitive e multo disciplinate, con emphase super le [[latino]] e le [[instruction religiose]] plus tosto que super mathematica e scientia.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=47}}
In su annos posterior, Kant viveva un vita strictemente ordinate. On diceva que le vicinos poteva regular lor horologios sur su promenadas quotidian.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=14}} Kant considerava le matrimonio duo vices, primo con un vidua e pois con un femina de [[Westphalia]], ma in ambes occasiones ille expectava troppo longe.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=177}} Ben que ille nunquam se maritava, ille habeva totevia un vita social satisfaciente; ille esseva un docente popular e un autor modestemente prospere, mesmo ante de comenciar su obras philosophic major.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=169}}
===Studente juvene===
Kant demonstrava un aptitude precoce pro le studio. Il frequentava primo le [[Collegium Fridericianum]] (alora dirigite per [[Franz Albert Schultz]]), del qual il se diplomava al fin del estate de 1740. In 1740, a etate de 16 annos, il se inscribeva al [[Universitate de Königsberg]], ubi il remanerea plus tarde pro le resto de su vita professional.<ref>''Le American International Encyclopedia'' (New York: J.J. Little & Ives, 1954), Vol. IX.</ref> Il studiava le philosophia de [[Gottfried Leibniz]] e [[Christian Wolff (philosopho)|Christian Wolff]] sub [[Martin Knutzen]] (professor associate de Logica e Metaphysica ab 1734 usque a su morte in 1751), un [[rationalismo|rationalista]] qui esseva etiam familiar con le progressos in le philosophia e le scientia britannic e introduceva Kant al nove physica mathematic de [[Isaac Newton]]. Knutzen dissuadeva Kant del theoria del [[harmonia pre-stabilite]], quam ille considerava como "le cossino del mente pigre".<ref>{{cite book|title=Que le Testudo nos inseniava: Le historia del philosophia|url=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port|url-access=limited|last=Porter|first=Burton|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2010|page=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port/page/n145 133]}}</ref> Il dissuadeva etiam Kant del [[idealismo]], le idea que le realitate es purmente mental, un conception que le majoritate del philosophos del XVIIIe seculo considerava negativemente. Le theoria del [[idealismo transcendental]] que Kant includerea plus tarde in le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' esseva sviluppate partialmente in opposition al idealismo traditional. Kant habeva contactos con studentes, collegas, amicos e commensales qui frequentava le [[loge masonic]] local.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|title=Le francmasones in le Antique Prussia 1738–1806|language=de|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201119104900/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|archive-date=19 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Su principal [[editor]], [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]], esseva etiam un francmason.<ref name="buch-VlOi7fetEkAC-1044">Erich Donnert, ''Europa in le prime epocha moderne: Fontes incognite. Essays super le evolution, le precursores, le limites e le continuation del epocha moderne in e circa Europa. Indices del contento del volumines 1–6. Indice de personas del volumines 1–7.'' Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar 1997, ISBN 978-3-412-10702-4, p. 1044. [[https://books.google.de/books?id=VlOi7fetEkAC&pg=PA1044#v=onepage Google Books]</ref>
Le accidente vascular cerebral de su patre e su morte subsequente in 1746 interrumpeva su studios. Kant quitava Königsberg poco post augusto 1748;{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=94}} il retornava ibi in augusto 1754.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=98}} Il deveniva un tutor private in le citates circum Königsberg, ma continuava su recerca erudite. In 1749, il publicava su prime obra philosophic, ''[[Pensamentos super le ver estimation del vires vivente]]'' (scribite in 1745–1747).<ref>[[Eric Watkins (philosopho)|Eric Watkins]] (ed.), ''Immanuel Kant: Scientia natural'', Cambridge University Press, 2012: [http://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/63945/excerpt/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf "Pensamentos super le ver estimation..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307213516/http://assets.cambridge.org/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf |date=7 martio 2016 }}.</ref>
Durante le occupation russe de Königsberg durante le [[Guerra de Septem Annos]] (1758–1762), le situation financiari de Kant se meliorava, proque ille obteneva un numero de assignationes ben pagate como tutor ab officiales militar e administratores civil russe stationate in le citate. In decembre 1758, post le morte de Johann David Kypke, Kant faceva un petition al imperatrice [[Elisabeth de Russia|Elisabeth]] pro esser nominate al cathedra vacante de logica e metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg, ma le position esseva attribuite a un altere candidato.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuehn |first=Manfred |title=Kant: Un biographia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |pages=118–122}}</ref>
== Obra precoce ==
Kant es meliormente cognoscite pro su obras in le philosophia del etica e metaphysica, ma ille etiam contribueva significantemente a altere disciplinas. In 1754, durante que ille considerava un question pro un premio del [[Academia de Scientias de Prussia|Academia de Berlin]] concernente le problema del rotation del Terra, ille argumentava que le gravitation del Luna ralentisarea le rotation terrestre. Ille etiam proponeva le argumento que le gravitation eventualmente causarea que le [[blocage tidal|blocation tidal]] del [[Luna]] [[resonantia orbital|coincider]] con le rotation del Terra.{{efn|Kant ipse pare haber considerate su contribution non assatis importante pro publicar su argumentos in un commentario de jornal super le question del premio, e ille non los submitteva al Academia: {{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54018/page/n113/mode/2up|chapter=Si le Terra ha subite un alteration de su rotation axial|title=Le cosmogonia de Kant|translator-last=Hastie|translator-first=William|location=Glasgow|publisher=James Maclehose|orig-date=1754|year=1900|pages=1–11|access-date=29 martio 2022}}. Le premio esseva in vice attribuite in 1756 a P. Frisi, qui incorrectemente argumentava contra le ralentissement del rotation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schönfeld |first=Martin |title=Le philosophia del juvene Kant: Le projecto precritic|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=84 |isbn=978-0195132182 |year=2000 }}</ref>}}<ref name="nebulous">{{cite book|last=Brush|first=Stephen G.|title=Un historia del physica planetari moderne: Terra nebulose|year=2014|isbn=978-0521441711|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7 7]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7}}</ref> Le anno sequente, ille extendeva iste ratiocinio al [[formation e evolution del Systema Solar]] in su ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]''.<ref name="nebulous"/> In 1755, Kant recipeva un licentia pro docer al Universitate de Königsberg e comenciava a dar cursos super un varietate de themas, includente mathematica, physica, logica e metaphysica. In su essayo de 1756 super le theoria del ventos ("Nove remarcas pro un elucidation del theoria del ventos"), Kant presentava un perception qualitative de lo que es ora appellate [[fortia de Coriolis]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |author-link=Immanuel Kant |editor-last=Watkins |editor-first=Eric |title=Kant: Scientia natural|chapter=Nove notas pro explicar le theoria del ventos, in le qual, al mesme tempore, ille invita al frequentation de su cursos (1756)|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |pages=374–385 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139014380.012}}</ref>
In 1756, Kant etiam publicava tres articulos super le [[terremoto de Lisboa de 1755]].<ref>Vide:
*Kant, I. (1756a) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=448 "Del causas del tremores terrestre al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente"] [Super le causas del terremotos al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente] In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academia Regal Prussian de Scientias), ed.s (1902) ''Le scriptos colligite de Kant'' [Le scriptos colligite de Kant] (in german) Berlin, Germania: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.
*Kant, I. (1756b) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=460 "Historia e description natural del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra"] [Historia e description del natura del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra], ibid. pp. 429–461.
*Kant, I. (1756c) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=494 "Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le tremores terrestre observate desde alcun tempore"] [Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le terremotos que esseva sentite alcun tempore ante], ibid. pp. 463–472.
*Amador, Filomena (2004) "Le causas del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 in Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s. ''Actas del VIII Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas'' [Actas del Octave Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas] (in anglese) Logroño, Espania: Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas (Universitate de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.</ref> Le theoria de Kant, que involveva alterationes in enorme cavernas plen de gases calide, ben que incorrecte, esseva un del prime tentativas systematic de explicar terremotos in terminos natural in vice de terminos supernatural. In 1757, Kant comenciava a dar cursos de geographia, faciente de ille un del prime professores a inseniar explicitemente le geographia como subjecto independente.<ref name="Richards-1974">{{Cite journal|last=Richards|first=Paul|date=1974|title=Le geographia e le cartas mental de Kant|journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers|issue=61|pages=1–16|doi=10.2307/621596|jstor=621596| issn=0020-2754 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elden|first=Stuart|date=2009|title=Reconsiderar le geographia de Kant|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|language=en|volume=35|issue=1|pages=3–25|doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2008.06.001|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|access-date=27 septembre 2019|archive-date=1 augusto 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205430/http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Geographia esseva un del themas de curso le plus popular de Kant, e in 1802, un compilation per Friedrich Theodor Rink del notas de su cursos, ''Geographia physica'', esseva publicate. Post que Kant deveniva professor in 1770, ille amplificava le themas de su cursos pro includer cursos super [[derecto natural]], ethica e [[anthropologia]], insimul con altere themas.<ref name="Richards-1974" />
[[File:Kant wohnhaus 2.jpg|thumb|Le casa de Kant in Königsberg in un pictura de 1842]]
In le ''Historia natural universal'', Kant exponeva le [[hypothese nebular]], in le qual ille deduceva que le [[Systema Solar]] se habeva formate ex un grande nube de gas, un [[nebula]]. Kant etiam deduceva correctemente que le [[Via Lactea]] esseva un [[galaxia|grande disco de stellas]], del qual ille theorisava que illo se habeva formate ex un nube de gas rotante multo plus grande. Ille suggereva in plus que altere "nebulas" distante poterea esser altere galaxias. Iste postulationes aperiva nove horizontes pro le astronomia, pro le prime vice extendente su dominio ultra le systema solar verso le mundos galactic e intergalactic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=George|title=Un, duo, tres... Infinity|location=New York|publisher=Viking P.|date=1947|pages=300ff|title-link=Un, duo, tres... Infinity}}</ref>
De alora in ultra, Kant dedicava su effortios sempre plus al questiones philosophic, ben que ille continuava a scriber super le scientias durante tote su vita. Al initio del annos 1760, ille produceva un serie de obras importante in philosophia. ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'', un obra super logica, esseva publicate in 1762. Duo altere obras appareva le anno sequente: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' e ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]''. In 1764, Kant habeva devenite un autor popular notabile, e scribeva ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime e altere scriptos|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref>; ille esseva secunde a [[Moses Mendelssohn]] in un competition pro le premio del Academia de Berlin con su ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (often appellate "Le essay pro le premio"). In 1766, Kant scribeva un obra critic super ''Dreams of a Spirit-Seer'' de [[Emanuel Swedenborg]].
In 1770, Kant esseva nominate Professor Plen de Logica e Metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg. Pro defender iste nomination, Kant scribeva su [[dissertation inaugural]] ''Super le forma e le principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile''.{{efn|Pois que ille habeva scribite su ultime [[thesis de habilitation]] 14 annos ante, un nove thesis de habilitation esseva requirite (vide S. J. McGrath, Joseph Carew (eds.), ''Reconsiderar le idealismo german'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 24).}} Iste obra marcava le apparition de plure themas central de su obra matur, includente le distinction inter le facultates del pensamento intellectual e le receptivitate sensibile. Omitter iste distinction significarea committer le error de [[subreption]], e, como ille dice in le ultime capitulo del dissertation, solmente evitante iste error pote le metaphysica prosperar.
Ben que il es ver que Kant scribeva su maxime obras relativemente tarde in su vita, il existe un tendentia a subestimar le valor de su obras plus juvene. Le investigationes recente super Kant ha dedicate plus attention al iste scriptos "pre-critic", e ha recognoscite un certe grado de continuitate con su obra matur.<ref>Cf., per exemplo, Susan Shell, ''Le incarnation del ration'' (Chicago, 1996)</ref>
===Publication del ''Critica del Ration Pur''===
{{AP|Critica del Ration Pur}}
[[File:Painting of David Hume.jpg|thumb|Le philosophe [[David Hume]] per [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]]]]
A etate 46, Kant esseva un erudito establite e un philosopho de influentia crescente, e multo esseva expectate de ille. In correspondentia con su ex-studente e amico [[Markus Herz]], Kant admitteva que, in le dissertation inaugural, ille habeva fallite explicar le relation inter nostre facultates sensibile e intellectual.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watkins|first=Erik|title=Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: Background Source Materials|url=https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0521781626|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2/page/276 276]}}</ref> Ille debeva explicar como nos combina lo que es cognoscite como cognition sensorial con le altere typo de cognition —id es, cognition rational— iste duo essente relationate ma habente processos multo differente. Kant attribueva etiam a [[David Hume]] le facto de haber le eveliate de un "{{vanchor|somno dogmatic}}" in le qual ille habeva acceptate sin questionar le principios de religiose e de [[natural philosophy|philosophia natural]].<ref name="Smith-1952"><nowiki>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Homer W.|url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man) and His Gods|location=New York|publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]]|year=1952|page=[[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404<nowiki>) 404]|author-link=Homer W. Smith|url-access=registration}}</nowiki></ref><ref>Kant, ''PFM'' 4:260</ref> Hume, in su ''[[Treatise on Human Nature]]'' de 1739, habeva argumentate que le personas cognosce le mente solmente per un serie subjective, essentialmente illusori, de perceptiones. Ideas como [[causalitate]], [[moralitate]] e [[Objecto (philosophia)|objectos]] non es evidente in le experientia, dunque lor realitate pote esser questionate. Kant pensava que le ration poteva remover iste scepticismo, e ille se proponeva resolver iste problemas. Ben que amante del compania e conversation con alteres, Kant se isolava e resisteva al tentativas de su amicos de retirar le de su isolation.{{efn|In 1778, in responsa a un de iste propositiones per un ex-discipulo, Kant scribeva: "Cata cambiamento me rende apprehensive, mesmo si illo offere le plus grande promissa de meliorar mi condition, e io es persuadite per iste instincto natural mie que io debe esser prudente si io vole que le filos que le Destino fila assi tenue e debile in mi caso continua a esser filate durante alicun longor. Mi grande gratias a mi benvolentes e amicos, qui pensa de me con tanta benevolentia que illes se occupa de mi benesser, ma al mesme tempore un requesta multo humile de proteger me in mi condition actual contra omne perturbation." <ref>Christopher Kul-Want and Andrzej Klimowski, ''Introducing Kant'' (Cambridge: Icon Books, 2005). {{ISBN|978-1840466645}}</ref>}} Quando Kant emergeva de su silentio in 1781, le resultato esseva le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', imprimite per [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]]. Kant respondeva al [[empiricismo]] de Hume affirmante que alcun cognition existe inherentemente in le mente, independente del experientia.<ref name="Smith-1952" /> Ille traheva un parallel con le [[Revolution Copernican]] in su proposition que le objectos del mundo pote esser intuite ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'', e que le [[Anschauung|intuition]] es consequentemente distincte del [[Objectivitate (philosophia)|realitate objective]]. Forsan le question le plus directemente disputate esseva le argumento de Hume contra omne connexion necessari inter eventos causales, que Hume characterizava como le "cemento del universo". In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant argumenta in favor de lo que ille considera le justification ''a priori'' de tal connexion necessari.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A188-211/B233-56</ref>
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Johann Christoph Frisch.jpg|left|thumb|Portraito de Kant per [[Johann Christoph Frisch]], post Johann Gottlieb Becker, {{circa|1770}}]]
Ben que hodie recognoscite como un del maximo grande obras in le historia del philosophia, le ''Critique'' disappunctava le lectores de Kant al momento de su publication initial.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dorrien|first=Gary|title=Kantian Reason and Hegelian Spirit: The Idealistic Logic of Modern Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=978-0470673317|location=Malden, MA|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr/page/37 37]}}</ref> Le libro esseva longe, con plus de 800 paginas in le edition original in germano, e scribite in un stilo complicate. Kant esseva multo contristate per su reception.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=250–254}} Su ex-studente [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] criticava le obra pro poner le ration como un entitate digne de critica per se, in vice de considerar le processo de ratiocinio in le contexto del linguage e del personalitate integre de un persona.<ref>[[Frederick Copleston|Copleston, Frederick Charles]] (2003). ''The Enlightenment: Voltaire to Kant''. p. 146.</ref> Simile a [[Christian Garve]] e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Johann Georg Heinrich Feder]], ille rejectava le position de Kant que spatio e tempore possede un forma que pote esser analysate. Garve e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Feder]] etiam criticava le ''Critique'' pro non explicar le differentias in le perception de sensationes.<ref>Sassen, Brigitte. ''Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy''. 2000.</ref> Su densitate lo rendeva, como Herder diceva in un littera a [[Johann Georg Hamann]], un "nucleo dur a rumper", obscurate per "tote iste pesante tela de aranea".<ref>''Ein Jahrhundert deutscher Literaturkritik'', vol. III, ''Der Aufstieg zur Klassik in der Kritik der Zeit'' (Berlin, 1959), p. 315; as quoted in Gulyga, Arsenij. ''Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought''. Trans. Marijan Despaltović. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1987.</ref> Su reception contrastava fortemente con le laudes que Kant habeva recipite pro obras anterior, como su ''Essay del Premio'' e le obras plus breve que precedeva le prime ''Critique''. Recognoscente le necessitate de clarificar le tractato original, Kant scribeva le ''[[Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics]]'' in 1783 como un summario de su opiniones principal. Poco postea, le amico de Kant [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]] (1739–1805), un professor de mathematica, publicava ''Explicationes del Professor Kant super le Critique del Ration Pura'' (Königsberg, 1784), que esseva un breve ma multo exacte commentario super le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=268–269}}
Le reputation de Kant cresceva gradualmente durante le ultime parte del decennio 1780, stimulate per un serie de obras importante: le essay de 1784, "[[Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?]]"; le ''[[Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals]]'' de 1785 (su prime obra super philosophia moral); e le ''[[Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science]]'' de 1786. Le fama de Kant finalmente veniva de un fonte inesperate. In 1786, [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]] publicava un serie de litteras public super le philosophia kantian. In iste litteras, Reinhold presentava le philosophia de Kant como un responsa al controverse intellectual central del epocha: le [[controversia del pantheismo]]. [[Friedrich Jacobi]] habeva accusate le recentemente defuncte [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] (un distinguite dramaturgo e essayista philosophic) de [[Spinozism]]. Un tal accusation, equivalente a un accusation de atheismo, esseva energicamente negate per le amico de Lessing, [[Moses Mendelssohn]], e isto conduceva a un dispute public acerbe inter partisanos. Le controversia gradualmente se transformava in un debatto super le valores del [[Illuminismo]] e le valor del ration. Reinhold manteneva in su litteras que le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant poteva resolver iste disputa per defender le autoritate e le limites del ration. Le litteras de Reinhold esseva multo legite e faceva de Kant le philosopho le plus famose de su epocha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guyer|first=Paul|title=The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0521823036|location=Cambridge, UK|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5/page/631 631]}}</ref>
== Opera posterior ==
Kant publicava un secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' in 1787, profundemente revidente le prime partes del libro. Le major parte de su obra subsequente se concentrava super altere areas del philosophia. Il continuava a disveloppar su philosophia moral, specialmente in le ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' de 1788 (cognoscite como le secunde ''Critica''), e le ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' de 1797. Le ''[[Critica del potentia del judicio]]'' de 1790 (le tertie ''Critica'') applicava le systema kantian al [[esthetica]] e al [[teleologia]]. In 1792, le tentativa de Kant de publicar le Secunde del quatro partes de ''[[Religion intra le limites del simple ration]]'',<ref name="KReligion">Werner S. Pluhar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Religion intra le limites del simple ration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304020309/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 |date=4 martio 2020 }}''. 2009. [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC Description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201192948/https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Within_the_Bounds_of_Bare_Reaso.html%3Fid%3Dda8RrM-qkiwC |date=1 februario 2020 }} & [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Contento.] Con un [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803085237/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 |date=3 augusto 2020 }} de Stephen Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company,</ref> in le revista ''Berlinische Monatsschrift'', incontrava opposition del [[Frederico Gulielmo II de Prussia|rege]] [[censura|commission de censura]], que habeva essite establite le mesme anno in le contexto del [[Revolution francese]]. Kant arrangiava alora que le quatro partes esseva publicate como un libro, transmittente lo per le departamento de philosophia del [[Universitate de Jena]] pro evitar le necessitate de censura theologic. Iste insubordination valeva a ille un reprimenda, ora famose, del rege. Quando ille nihilominus publicava un secunde edition in 1794, le censor esseva tanto irate que ille arrangiava un decreto royal que exigeva que Kant nunquam plus publicava ni parlava publicamente super religion. Kant publicava alora su responsa al reprimenda del rege e explicava se mesme in le prefacio de ''[[Le conflicto del facultates]]'' (1798).
[[File:Kant doerstling2.jpg|thumb|Kant con amicos, includente [[Christian Jakob Kraus]], [[Johann Georg Hamann]], [[Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel le Senior|Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel]], e [[Karl Gottfried Hagen]]]]
Il etiam scribeva un numero de essayos semi-popular super historia, religion, politica, e altere themas. Iste obras esseva ben recipite per le contemporaneos de Kant e confirmava su stato preeminente in le philosophia del [[seculo XVIII]]. Il habeva plure revistas dedicate exclusivemente a defender e criticar le philosophia kantian. Nonobstante su successo, le tendentias philosophic se moveva in un altere direction. Plure del discipulos e sequaces le plus importante de Kant (includente [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], [[Jakob Sigismund Beck]], e [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]) transformava le position kantian. Le etapas progressive del revision del doctrinas de Kant marcava le emergentia del [[idealismo german]]. In un de su ultime actos in explication de un position super questiones philosophic, Kant se opponeva a iste disveloppamentos e denunciava publicamente Fichte in un carta aperte in 1799.<ref name="Fichte">{{cite web|url=http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|title=Carta aperte de Kant denuncianti le philosophia de Fichte|language=de|website=Korpora.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719150635/http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1800, un studente de Kant nominate Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762–1842) publicava un manual de [[logica]] pro docentes appellate ''[[Logica]]'', que ille habeva preparate al demanda de Kant. Jäsche preparava le ''Logica'' usante un copia de un manual de logica de [[Georg Friedrich Meier]] appellate ''[[Excerption del doctrina del ration]]'', in le qual Kant habeva scribite copiose notas e annotationes. Le ''Logica'' ha essite considerate de importantia fundamental pro le philosophia de Kant e pro su comprehension. Le grande logico del [[seculo XIX]] [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] remarcat, in un recension incomplete del traduction anglese de Thomas Kingsmill Abbott del introduction al ''Logica'', que "tote le philosophia de Kant gira circa su logica."<ref>Peirce, C.S., ''[[Collecte de documentos de Charles Sanders Peirce]]'', v. 1, (HUP, 1960), 'Kant e su refutation del idealismo' p. 15
</ref> De plus, [[Robert S. Hartman]] e Wolfgang Schwarz scribeva in le introduction del traductores a lor traduction anglese del ''Logica'': "Su importantia reside non solmente in su signification pro le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'', cuje secunde parte es un reformulation de principios fundamental del ''[[Logica]]'', ma etiam in su position intra le totalitate del obra de Kant."<ref>Kant, Immanuel, ''[[Logica]]'', G.B. Jäsche (ed.), R.S. Hartman, W. Schwarz (traductores), Indianapolis, 1984, p. xv.</ref>
== Morte e sepultura ==
Le salute de Kant, sempre precari, se deteriorava. Il moriva in Königsberg le 12 februario 1804, habeva pronunciate ''Es ist gut'' ("Es es bon") ante su morte.<ref>Karl Vorländer, ''Immanuel Kant: Der Mann und das Werk'', Hamburg: Meiner, 1992, p. II 332.</ref> Su ultime obra incomplite esseva publicate como ''[[Opus Postume]]''. Kant faceva sempre un figura curioso durante su vita per su habitos modeste e rigorosemente planificate, que esseva describite como regular como un horologio. [[Heinrich Heine]] observava le magnitude de su "pensamentos destructive, que fracassava le mundo" e le considerava un sorta de "executionator" philosophic, comparante le con [[Maximilien Robespierre]] con le observation que ambe "representava al plus alte grado le typo del burgese provincial. Natura los habeva destinate a pesar caffe e zucchero, ma le Fato determinava que illes deberea pesar altere cosas e poneva sur le balancia de un un rege, e sur le balancia del altere un deo."<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |title=Heine sur Immanuel Kant |access-date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Quando su corpore esseva transferite a un nove loco de sepultura, su cranio esseva mesurate durante le exhumation e trovate esser plus grande que le medie del viros german, con un fronte "alte e large".<ref>''Examined Lives, From Socrates to Nietzsche'', James Miller p. 284</ref> Su fronte ha essite un objecto de interesse desde que illo deveniva ben cognoscite per su portraits: "In le portrait de Döbler e in le reproduction fidel, ben que expressionistic, de Kiefer, como etiam in multe altere portraits de Kant del fin del [[seculo XVIII]] e del initio del [[seculo XIX]], le fronte es remarquabilemente grande e decidite in retro."<ref>Immanuel Kant e le frontieras del historia del arte, Mark Cheetham, in ''Le subjectos del historia del arte: objectos historic in perspectivas contemporanee'', p. 16</ref>
[[File:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img05 Kant Island.jpg|upright|thumb|Le tumba de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia]]
Le [[mausoleo]] de Kant adjunge le angulo nord-est del [[Catedral de Königsberg]] in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Le mausoleo esseva construite per le architecto [[Friedrich Lahrs]] e completate in 1924, a tempore pro le bicentenario del nascentia de Kant. Originarimente, Kant esseva sepelite intra le cathedral, ma in 1880 su restos esseva transferite a un capella [[neo-gothic]] adjacente al angulo nord-est del cathedral. Durante le annos, le capella deveniva in mal stato e esseva demolite pro facer loco al mausoleo, que esseva construite in le mesme loco. Le tumba e su mausoleo es inter le poc artefactos del epoca german que esseva preservate per le [[Sovietes]] post que illes capturava le citate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar](http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar) Königsberg: un citate russe reguarda su radices german|last=Beyer|first=Susanne|date=25 July 2014|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=3 February 2018|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
In le [[seculo XXI]], multe nove maritos porta flores al mausoleo. Artefactos anteriormente possedite per Kant, cognoscite como ''Kantiana'', esseva includite in le [[Museo del citate de Königsberg]]; tamen, le museo esseva destruite durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]]. Un replica del statua de Kant que, durante le epoca german, stava ante le edificio principal del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], esseva donate per un entitate german al initio del annos 1990 e placiate in le mesme terreno. Post le [[Expulsion e fuga del germanos (1944–1950)|expulsion]] del population german de Königsberg al fin del Secunde Guerra Mundial, le Universitate de Königsberg, ubi Kant inseniava, esseva reimplaciate per le [[Universitate de Stato de Kaliningrad]] de lingua russe, que se appropriava del campus e del edificios supervivente. In 2005, le universitate esseva renominate [[Universitate de Stato Immanuel Kant de Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zieliński |first=Miłosz J. |date=2018 |title=Le futuro de Kant: Debattos super le identitate del Oblast de Kaliningrad |url=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305) |journal=Slavic Review |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=937–956 |doi=10.1017/slr.2018.291 |jstor=26644305 |issn=0037-6779|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Le cambio de nomine, considerate un question cargate politic, a causa del sentimentos mixta del residentes super su passato german,<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2005 |title=Kaliningrad lotta con su hereditage german |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700](https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=DW News }}</ref> esseva annunciate durante un ceremonia al qual assistiva le presidente russe [[Vladimir Putin]] e le cancellero german [[Gerhard Schröder]],<!--http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/33684/photos--><ref>{{cite news |last=Dempsey |first=Judy |date=1 July 2005 |title=Enclave russe arriva in un dispute diplomatic |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2005 |title=Iran como thema del reunion al Mar Baltic |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921](https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921) |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Agence-France Press|via=DW News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ypi |first=Lea |date=20 April 2024 |title=Kant e le argumento pro le pace |url=[https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07](https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07) |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766}}</ref> e le universitate formava un [[Societate Kantian]], dedicate al studio del [[kantianismo]]. In 2010, le universitate esseva ancora renominate [[Universitate Federal Baltic Immanuel Kant]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Decreto executive super le establimento del Universitate Immanuel Kant |url=[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234)<!--http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/1131--> |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Presidente de Russia}}</ref>
== Philosophia<!--'Kantianism', 'Kantian', and 'Kantian philosophy' redirect here-->==
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Emanuel Bardou, view 2, Berlin, 1798, marble - Bode-Museum - DSC02884.JPG|thumb|Busto de Kant per [[Emanuel Bardou]], 1798]]
Como multe de su contemporaneos, Kant esseva profundemente impressionate per le progressos scientific facite per [[Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]] e alteres. Iste nove evidentia del potentia del ration human poneva in question pro multe personas le autoritate traditional del politica e religion. In particular, le vision mecanic moderne del mundo poneva in question le possibilitate mesme del moralitate; nam, si il non existe alcun agentia, il non pote haber responsabilitate.<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' Bxxviii–Bxxx</ref>{{sfn|di Giovanni|2005}}
Le objectivo del projecto critic de Kant es de assecurar le autonomia human, le base del religion e del moralitate, contra iste menacia del mechanismo — e de facer lo in un maniera que preserva le progressos del scientia moderne.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §2.1}} In le ''Critica del Ration Pura'', Kant summarisa su preoccupationes philosophic in le sequente tres questiones:
# Que pote io cognoscer?
# Que debe io facer?
# Que pote io sperar?<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A804–05/B833</ref>
Le ''[[Critica del Ration Pura]]'' se concentra super le prime question e aperi un spatio conceptual pro un responsa al secunde question. Illo argumenta que, ben que nos non pote strictemente ''saper'' que nos es libere, nos pote — e pro fines practic debe — ''pensar'' nos mesme como libere. In le proprie parolas de Kant: «Io debeva negar le cognoscentia pro facer loco al fide.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxxx</ref> Le philosophia moral de Kant es ulteriormente disveloppate in le ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', le ''[[Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', e le ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]''.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023}}
Le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del Potentia de Judicar]]'' sustene que nos pote rationalmente sperar le unitate harmoniose del dominios theoric e practic tractate in le prime duo ''Criticas'', sur le base de nostre experientia affective del beltate natural e, plus generalmente, del organisation [[Teleologia in biologia|teleologic]] del mundo natural.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=6–8}} In ''[[Religion intra le Limites del Simple Ration|Religion intra le Limites del Pura Ration]]'', Kant tenta completar su responsa al tertie question argumentante pro un forma rationalista de religion fundate super nostre vitas practic (i.e., moral).<ref>di Giovanni, George. (1996) "Translator's Introduction", In ''Religion and Rational Theology''. Cambridge University Press. p.49, citing Kant in correspondence with Stäudlin.</ref>
Iste obras omnes pone le [[subjecto (philosophia)|subjecto]] human active e rational al centro del mundos cognitive e moral. In breve, Kant argumenta que le [[mente]] mesme apporta necessariemente un contribution constitutive al [[cognition|cognoscentia]], que iste contribution es transcendental plus tosto que psychologic, e que ager autonomemente significa ager secundo principios moral rational.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020}}
=== Le projecto critic de Kant ===
{{vide etiam|Critica del Ration Pura}}
[[File:Kant017.jpg|thumb|Kant per [[Carle Vernet]]]]
Le ''Critica del Ration Pura'' de 1781 (revise in 1787) ha sovente essite citate como le obra le plus significative de metaphysica e [[epistemologia]] in le philosophia moderne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohlf |first=Michael |title=Immanuel Kant |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191114014720/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |archive-date=14 November 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=[[Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford]]}}</ref> In le prime ''Critica'', e etiam in obras posterior, Kant formula le «problema general» e le «problema real del ration pura» in terminos del sequente question: «Como es possibile judicios synthetic ''a priori''?»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B135</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=51}} Pro comprender iste assertion, il es necessari definir alcun terminos. Primo, Kant face un distinction inter duo fontes de cognoscentia:
# Cognoscientias ''a priori'': «cognoscentia independente de tote experientia e mesmo de tote le impression del sensos».
# Cognoscientias ''a posteriori'': cognoscentias que ha lor fontes in le experientia — isto es, que es empiric.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B1–3</ref>
Secundo, ille face un distinction inter duo typos de judicios:
# Judicios analytic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Tote le celibes es non-maritate», o «Tote le corpores es extendite». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de clarification».
# Judicios synthetic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato non es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Alcun celibes es sol», «Tote le cygnos es blanc», o «Tote le corpores ha peso». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de amplification».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A6–8/B10–12</ref>
Tote le judicios analytic es ''a priori'', proque le experientia non es necessari pro analysar le contento de un concepto que nos ja possede.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B11</ref> In contrasto, un judicio synthetic es un judicio cuje concepto del predicato contine alco que non se trova in le concepto del subjecto. Le exemplos le plus evidente de judicio synthetic es judicios fundate super observationes empiric.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} Le duo typos de cognoscentia e le duo typos de judicio produce un tabella a quatro divisiones:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tabella de Judicios
!
!A priori
!A posteriori
|-
|'''Analytic'''
|analytic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Tote le corpores es extendite.»)
|analytic ''a posteriori'' (impossibile)
|-
|'''Synthetic'''
|synthetic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Cata effecto ha un causa.»)
|synthetic ''a posteriori'' (p.ex., «Le systema solar ha octo planetas.»)
|}
Kant credeva que le philosophos anterior habeva negligite le judicios synthetic ''a priori'', e habeva accordate attention solmente al judicios analytic ''a priori'' e synthetic ''a posteriori''. [[David Hume]], per exemplo, credeva que tote le cognoscentia es o «relationes de ideas» (que es analytic ''a priori'') o «questiones de facto» (que es synthetic ''a posteriori'').<ref>Hume, David. ''An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding''. Section 4; Part 1.</ref> Le taxonomia de Hume exclude le synthetic ''a priori''. Ma, stabiliente le synthetic ''a priori'' como un tertie typo de judicio, Kant crede que nos pote resister al scepticismo de Hume concernente a questiones como causalitate e le cognoscentia metaphysic plus generalmente. Isto es proque, a differentia de judicios simplemente ''a posteriori'', le judicios ''a priori'' ha «universalitate ver o stricte» e include un assertion de «necessitate».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B3–4</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} E, a differentia de assertiones simplemente analytic, le judicios synthetic extende nostre cognoscentia ultra le concepto del subjecto. Isto significa que monstrar como judicios synthetic ''a priori'' es possibile equivale a monstrar como un cognoscentia substantiv super le characteristicas necessari del mundo es possibile.
Kant mesme considera incontroverse le facto que nos ha cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' — specialmente in mathematica. Considera le proposition «7 + 5 = 12». Kant asserta que le concepto de «12» non es continente in le conceptos de «5», «7» e del operation de addition.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B14–17</ref> Tamen, ben que ille considera le possibilitate de tal cognoscentia como evidente, Kant assume nihilominus le carga de monstrar como tal cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' in mathematica e le scientias natural es possibile, e in le Dialectica Transcendental attacca le possibilitate de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' del metaphysica traditional. Le objectivo duple del ''Critica'' es tanto ''probar'' como ''explicar'' le possibilitate de iste cognoscentia.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=55}} Kant dice: «Il ha duo truncos del cognoscentia human, que forsan pote provenir de un radice commun ma pro nos incognite, namely le sensibilitate e le intellecto, per le prime del qual objectos nos es ''date'', ma per le secunde illos es ''pensate''.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A15/B29, emphases added</ref>
Le termino de Kant pro le objecto del sensibilitate es «intuition», e su termino pro le objecto del intellecto es «concepto». In terminos general, le prime es un representation non-discursive de un objecto ''particular'', e le secunde es un representation discursive (o mediate) de un ''typo general'' de objecto.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=32, 61}} Le conditiones del experientia possibile require tanto intuitiones como conceptos, i.e., le affection del sensibilitate receptive e le potentia activemente synthesizante del intellecto.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.12}}{{efn|Plus technicamente, Kant exprime su puncto general que tote cognoscentia authentic require tanto input sensorial como organisation intellectual dicente que tote cognoscentia require tanto «intuitiones» como «conceptos» (p.ex., A 50 / B 74). Intuitiones e conceptos es duo species differente del genere «representation» (''Vorstellung''), le termino le plus general de Kant pro omne stato cognitive (vide A 320 / B 376–7). Al initio del «Esthetica Transcendental», Kant declara que un «intuition» es nostre typo le plus directe o «immediate» de representation de objectos, in contrasto con un «concepto» que representa sempre un objecto «per un detour (''indirecte'')» — isto es, simplemente per alicun «marca» o proprietate que le objecto possede (A 19 / B 33). In su manual de logica, Kant defini un intuition como un «representation ''singular''» — isto es, un que representa un objecto particular — dum un concepto es sempre un «''universal'' (''repraesentatio per notas communes'')», que representa proprietates commun a multe objectos (''Logic'', §1, 9:91).{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=60–61}}}} Dunque le assertion: «Pensamentos sin contento es vacue, intuitiones sin conceptos es cec.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A51/B75</ref> Le strategia basic de Kant in le prime parte del ''Critica del Ration Pura'' consistera in argumentar que certe intuitiones e conceptos es pur — isto es, illos es apportate integremente per le mente, independente de omne cosa empiric. Le cognoscentia generate super iste base, sub certe conditiones, pote esser synthetic ''a priori''. Iste insight es cognoscite como le «Revolution Copernican» de Kant, proque justo como Copernico faceva progressar le astronomia per un cambiamento radical de perspectiva, assi Kant pretende hic facer le mesme pro le metaphysica.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxvi–xviii</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.2}} Le secunde parte del ''Critica'' es le parte explicitamente ''critic''. In le «Dialectica Transcendental», Kant argumenta que multe del assertiones del metaphysica rationalista traditional viola le criterios que ille pretende establir in le prime parte, «constructive», de su libro, e conduce inevitabilemente a contradictiones.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=2(g)}}{{sfn|Guyer|2014|loc=ch. 4}} Tamen, como Kant observa, «le ration human, sin esser movite per le simple vanitate de saper toto, inexorabilemente perseque, impulsate per su proprie besonio, tal questiones que non pote esser respondite per ulle uso experientiale del ration».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B21</ref> Le projecto del ''Critica'' es establir usque a qual puncto le ration pote legitime perseverar in tal direction.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi–xii</ref>
=== Doctrina del idealismo transcendental ===
{{vide etiam|Idealismo transcendental}}
In le section del ''Critica'' intitulate «Le Esthetica Transcendental», Kant argumenta in favor del doctrina del [[idealismo transcendental]]. Le doctrina es «transcendental» proque illo explica un condition necessari pro le possibilitate del experientia e es un forma de «idealismo» proque ille conditiones depende de characteristicas del mente. Le detalios del interpretation correcte del idealismo transcendental es controversate, ma existe un large accordo super duo theses basic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(d)}} Primo, le spatio e le tempore non es ''cosas in se mesme'', ma simple formas de intuition (le spatio es le forma del intuition ''externe'', e le tempore es le forma del intuition ''interne''). Secundo, nos ha cognoscentia solmente del ''apparentias'' e non del cosas in se mesme. Le secunde these, secundo Kant, seque del prime: proque nostre formas ''a priori'' de intuition es conditiones necessari del possibilitate del experientia, omne cosa que cade foras de lo que nostre facultate sensibile pote reciper es incognoscibile. {{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}}<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A43/B59–60, A369</ref>
Nihilominus, ben que Kant dice que le spatio e le tempore es «transcendentalmente ideal» — le ''formas pur'' del sensibilitate human, plus tosto que parte del natura o del realitate como illo es in se mesme — ille asserta etiam que illos es «empiricamente real», per lo que ille vole dicer «que “tote lo que pote presentar se a nos externemente como un objecto” es tanto in le spatio como in le tempore, e que nostre intuitiones interne de nos mesme es in le tempore».<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A28/B44, A34–35/B51–51</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}} Qualcunque sia le interpretation del doctrina de Kant, ille voleva distinguer su position del [[idealismo subjective]] de [[George Berkeley]].{{sfn|Stang|2022|loc=§2.3}}
[[Paul Guyer]], ben que critic de multe del argumentos de Kant in iste section, scribe super le Esthetica Transcendental que illo «non solmente pone le prime petra del theoria constructive del cognoscentia de Kant; illo etiam pone le fundamento tanto pro su critica como pro su reconstruction del metaphysica traditional. Illo argumenta que tote cognoscentia authentic require un componente sensorial, e assi que assertiones metaphysic que transcende le possibilitate de confirmation sensorial non pote jammais esser cognoscentia.»{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=60}}
==== Disaccordos interpretative ====
Un interpretation, cognoscite como le interpretation del «duo aspectos» (o «un sol mundo»), considera le idealismo transcendental como, fundamentalmente, un these ''epistemologic''. Secundo iste lectura de Kant, popularisate specialmente per [[Henry E. Allison]], le [[cosa in se mesme]] e le apparentia phenomenal es le mesme objecto, e le idealismo transcendental es un these super lo que es necessari pro mentes finite e discursive pro ''considerar'' objectos tal como illos es date a nos per le sensibilitate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Henry E. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense |year=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300102666 |pages=11-19}}</ref> Alcun commentatores,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allais |first=Lucy |title=Manifest Reality: Kant's Idealism and his Realism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780198747130}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Langton |first=Rae |title=Kantian humility: our ignorance of things in themselves |date=2004 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924317-4 |edition=Reprinted |location=Oxford}}</ref> durante que illes concorda que il existe un sol insimul de objectos, considera le idealismo transcendental como un these super le ''proprietates'' de iste objectos, de qualcun nos ha accesso, dum alteres es incognoscibile pro nos.
Le altere linea prominente de interpretation es le vision del «duo mundos» (a vices associate con interpretationes «phenomenaliste»<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strawson |first=Peter Frederick |title=The bounds of sense: an essay on Kant's 'Critique of pure reason' |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-04030-3 |edition=Repr |location=London}}</ref>). Secundo iste vision, le apparentias non es le mesme cosas que le cosas in se mesme, e le idealismo transcendental non es simplemente un these super lo que es necessari pro nos pro considerar objectos que es transcendentalmente independente de nos. Alcun defensores del «duo mundos» considera que Kant asserta que le apparentias es identic con nostre representationes de illos,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the claims of knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |last2=Kant |first2=Immanuel |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Pr |isbn=978-0-521-33772-4 |edition=1. publ. 1987, repr |location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Feder |first=Johann Georg Heinrich |last2=Garve |first2=Christian |date=1782 |title=Feder-Garve Review of the Critique of Pure Reason |journal=Göttinger Gelehrten Anzeigen}}</ref> durante que alteres considera que ille simplemente asserta que le apparentias es partialmente fundate super cosas in se mesme sin esser identic con illas.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stang |first=Nicholas F. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism |date=2016 |work=The Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford |pages=§3.2 |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/) |access-date=6 April 2026 |edition=Spring 2016 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>
=== Le theoria de Kant super le judicio ===
{{vide etiam|Categoria (Kant)}}
[[File:Immanuelkant.JPG|thumb|Statua de Kant in le Schola de Philosophia e Scientias Human del [[Universitate Federal de Minas Gerais]] (UFMG), [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil]]
Post le «Analytica Transcendental» veni le «Logica Transcendental». Dum le prime se occupava del contributiones del sensibilitate, le secunde se occupa, primo, del contributiones del intellecto («Analytica Transcendental») e, secundo, del facultate del ''ration'' como fonte tanto de errores metaphysic como de principios regulative authentic («Dialectica Transcendental»). Le «Analytica Transcendental» es ulteriormente dividite in duo sectiones. Le prime, «Analytica del Conceptos», se occupa de establir le universalitate e necessitate del conceptos ''pur'' del intellecto (i.e., le categorias). Iste section contine le famose «deduction transcendental» de Kant. Le secunde, «Analytica del Principios», se occupa del application de iste conceptos pur in judicios ''empiric''. Iste secunde section es plus longe que le prime e es ulteriormente dividite in numerose sub-sectiones.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=4–13}}
==== Deduction transcendental del categorias del intellecto ====
Le «Analytica del Conceptos» argumenta in favor del validitate universal e necessari del conceptos pur del intellecto, o categorias, per exemplo, le conceptos de substantia e causalitate. Iste dece-duo categorias basic defini lo que significa esser un ''cosa in general'' —isto es, illos articula le conditiones necessari secundo le qual alique es un possibile objecto del experientia. Iste categorias, in combination con le formas ''a priori'' del intuition, es le base de tote cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Secundo [[Paul Guyer]] e [[Allen W. Wood]], «le idea de Kant es que, justo como il ha certe characteristicas essential de tote judicios, assi debe haber certe manieras correspondente in le qual nos forma le conceptos de objectos pro que judicios pote esser facite super objectos».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=8}}
Kant presenta duo lineas central de argumentation in supporto de su assertiones concernente le categorias. Le prime, cognoscite como le «deduction metaphysic», procede analyticmente ab un tabella del functiones logic aristotelic del judicio. Como Kant esseva consciente, isto assume precisamente lo que le sceptico refuta, a saper, le existentia de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Pro iste ration, Kant presenta etiam un argumento synthetic que non depende del assumption in question.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=89–90}}
Iste argumento, presentate sub le titulo «Deduction Transcendental del Conceptos Pur del Intellecto», es largemente considerate tanto le plus importante como le plus difficile del argumentos de Kant in le ''Critica''. Kant mesme diceva que illo esseva le parte que requireva le plus labor de su parte.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi</ref> Frustrate per le reception confuse del prime edition de su libro, ille lo rescribeva completemente pro le secunde edition.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(e)}}{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4}}
Le «Deduction Transcendental» presenta le argumento de Kant que iste conceptos pur se applica universal e necessariemente al objectos que es date in le experientia. Secundo Guyer e Wood, «Il centra su argumento super le premissa que nostre experientia pote esser attribuite a un sol subjecto identic, per medio de lo que ille appella le “unita transcendental del apperception”, solmente si le elementos del experientia date in le intuition es syntheticamente combinate assi que illos nos presenta objectos que es pensate per medio del categorias».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=9}}
Le principio de apperception de Kant es que «Le Io pensa debe poter accompaniar tote mi representationes; nam alteremente alique esserea representate in me que non poterea esser pensate de sorta, lo que equivale a dicer que le representation o esserea impossibile o, al minus, nihil esserea pro me».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B131-32</ref> Le possibilitate ''necessari'' del auto-attribution del representationes del autoconscientia, identic con se mesme trans le tempore, es un veritate conceptual ''a priori'' que non pote esser fundate super le experientia.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4.1}} Isto es solmente un esquissa general de un del argumentos que Kant presenta.
==== Principios del intellecto pur ====
Le deduction de Kant del categorias in le «Analytica del Conceptos», si illo es succedite, demonstra su assertiones concernente le categorias solmente in un maniera abstracte. Le carga del «Analytica del Principios» es monstrar tanto ''que'' illos debe applicar universalmente al objectos date in le experientia real (i.e., multitudes de intuition) como ''como'' illos face isto.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=9–10}} In le prime libro<!--????--> de iste section<!--????--> super le «[[Schema (Kant)|schematismo]]», Kant conecta cata un del categorias puramente logic del intellecto al temporalitate del intuition pro monstrar que, ben que illos non es empiric, illos tamen ha application al objectos del experientia. Le secunde libro continua iste linea de argumento in quatro capitulos, cata un associate con un del gruppos de categorias. In certe casos, illo adde un connexion con le dimension spatial del intuition al categorias que illo analysa.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=10–11}} Le quarte capitulo de iste section, «Le Analogias del Experientia», marca un cambiamento ab principios «mathematical» a principios «dynamic», isto es, a illos que tracta del relationes inter objectos. Alcun commentatores considera isto le section le plus significative del ''Critica''.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=11}} Le analogias es tres in numero:
# ''Principio del persistentia del substantia'': Kant se occupa hic del conditiones general pro determinar le relationes temporal inter le objectos del experientia. Ille argumenta que le unitate del tempore implica que «tote cambiamento debe consister in le alteration de estados in un substantia subjacente, cuje existentia e quantitate debe esser inalterabile o conservate».<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A182–26/B224–36</ref>
# ''Principio del succession temporal secundo le lege del causalitate'': Hic Kant argumenta que «nos pote facer judicios determinate super le succession objective de eventos, in contrasto con successiones simplemente subjective de representationes, solmente si cata alteration objective seque un regula necessari de succession, o un lege causal». Isto es le responsa le plus directe de Kant al scepticismo de [[Humeanismo#Causalitate e necessitate|Hume]] concernente le causalitate.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A186–211/B232–56</ref>
# ''Principio del simultaneitate secundo le lege del reciprocitate o communitate'': Le ultime analogia argumenta que «judicios determinate que objectos (o estados de substantia) in differente regiones del spatio existe simultaneemente es possibile solmente si tal objectos es in un relation causal mutual de communitate o interaction reciprocal». Isto es le responsa de Kant al these de [[Leibniz]] in le ''[[Monadologia]]''.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A211-15/B256-62</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=11–12}}
Le quarte section de iste capitulo, que non es un analogia, tracta del uso empiric del categorias modal. Illo esseva le fin del capitulo in le edition A del ''Critica''. Le edition B include un altere breve section, «Le Refutation del Idealismo». In iste section, per medio de un analyse del concepto de autoconscientia, Kant argumenta que su idealismo transcendental es un idealismo «critic» o «formal» que non nega le existentia de un realitate separate de nostre representationes subjective.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=12}} Le capitulo final del «Analytica del Principios» distingui le ''[[phenomena]]'', del qual nos pote haber cognoscentia authentic, ab le ''[[noumena]]'', un termino que se refere a objectos de pensamento pur que nos non pote cognoscer, ma al qual nos pote tamen referer «in un senso negative».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=12–13}} Un Appendice al section disveloppa ulteriormente le critica de Kant del rationalismo leibnizian-wolffian argumentante que su metaphysica «dogmatic» confunde le «simple characteristicas del conceptos per medio del qual nos pensa cosas ... [con] characteristicas del objectos mesme». Contra isto, Kant reafirma su proprie insistentia super le necessitate de un componente sensibile in tote cognoscentia authentic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=13}}
===Critica del metaphysica===
Le secunde del duo divisiones de "Le logica transcendental", "Le dialectica transcendental", contine le portion "negative" del ''Critica'' de Kant, que se basa super le argumentos "positive" del precedente "Analytica transcendental" pro revelar le limites del speculation metaphysic. In particular, illo cerca a demonstrar como fallace le tentativas del ration de attinger cognoscentia independente del sensibilitate. Iste effortio, argumenta Kant, es condemnate al fallimento, que ille pretende demonstrar monstrante que le ration, non limitate per le sensos, es sempre capace de generar conclusiones opost o alteremente incompatibile. Como "le columba legier, in volo libere per le aere, sentiente le resistentia que illo incontra" , le ration "pote haber le idea que illo poterea facer mesmo melio in un spatio sin aere". Contra isto, Kant sustene que, absente friction epistemic, il non pote haber cognoscentia. Nonobstante, le critica de Kant non es completemente destructive. Il presenta le excessos speculative del metaphysica traditional como inherente a nostre mesme capacitate de ration. In ultra, ille argumenta que lor productos non es sin un certe valor ''regulative'' (accuratemente qualificate).<ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521317245 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye/page/52 52]–55}}</ref>
====Super le conceptos del ration pur====
Kant appella le conceptos basic del metaphysica "ideas". Illos es differente del conceptos del intellecto in tanto que illos non es limitate per le restriction critic que limita le cognoscentia al conditiones de experientia possibile e a lor objectos. "Illusion transcendental" es le termino de Kant pro le tendentia del ration a producer tal ideas.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Ben que le ration ha un "uso logic" consistente simplemente in traher inferentias ex principios, in "Le dialectica transcendental", Kant se interessa al pretensive "uso real" del ration pro attinger conclusiones per medio de un ratiocination syllogistic regressive sin controlo.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}} Le tres categorias de ''relation'', quando illos es persequite sin reguardo al limites del experientia possibile, produce le tres ideas central del metaphysica traditional:
# ''Le anima'': le concepto de substantia como subjecto ultime;
# ''Le mundo in su totalitate'': le concepto de causalitate como serie complete; e
# ''Deo'': le concepto de communitate como fundamento commun de tote le possibilitates.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}}
Ben que Kant nega que iste ideas pote esser objectos de cognoscentia genuin, ille argumenta que illos resulta del impulsion inherent del ration a unificar le cognoscentia in un integre systematic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Le metaphysica de Leibniz e Wolff esseva dividite in quatro partes: ontologia, psychologia, cosmologia e theologia. Kant substitue le prime per le resultatos positive del prime parte del ''Critica''. Il propone de substituer le tres sequente per su doctrinas posterior de anthropologia, le fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural, e le postulation critic del libertate human e del moralitate.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=14}}
====Dialectic inferentias del ration pur====
In le secunde del duo libros de "Le Dialectic transcendental", Kant se effortia a demonstrar le natura contradictori del ration sin limites. Il face isto per disveloppar contradictiones in cata un del tres disciplinas metaphysic que, secundo su argumento, es in facto pseudoscientias. Iste section del ''Critica'' es longe e le argumentos de Kant es extrememente detaliate. In iste contexto, il non es possibile facer multo plus que enumerar le themas discutite.
Le prime capitulo tracta lo que Kant appella le ''paralogismos'' —i.e., inferentias false— que le ration pur face in le disciplina metaphysic del psychologia rational. Il argumenta que on non pote considerar le simple pensamento de "Io" in le proposition "Io pensa" como le cognoscentia correcte de "Io" como objecto. In iste maniera, ille pretende refutar varie theses metaphysic concernente le substantialitate, unitate e identitate de se del anima.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.i)}}
Le secunde capitulo, le plus longe, tracta le thema que Kant appella le [[Kant's antinomies|''antinomias del ration pur'']] —i.e., le contradictiones del ration con se mesme— in le disciplina metaphysic del cosmologia rational. Originalmente, Kant habeva pensate que tote illusion transcendental poterea esser analysate in terminos antinomic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=16}} Il presenta quatro casos in le quales, secundo ille, le ration es capace de provar theses opposite con equal plausibilitate:
# Que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le universo es simultaneemente finite e infinite in spatio e tempore";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le materia es e non es infinite divisibile in partes sempre plus parve";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le libero arbitrio non pote esser un parte causalmente efficace del mundo (proque tote le natura es deterministic) e tamen que illo debe esser un tal causa"; e
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que existe e non existe un ente necessari (que alcunos identificarea con Deo)".{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=16–17}}
Kant argumenta ulteriormente que, in cata caso, su doctrina del idealismo transcendental es capace de resolver le antinomia.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}
Le tertie capitulo examina argumentos fallace concernente Deo in le theologia rational sub le titulo del "Ideal del Ration Pur". (Dum un ''idea'' es un concepto pur generate per le ration, un ''ideal'' es le concepto de un idea como un cosa individual.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=17}}) Hic Kant examina e pretende refutar tres argumentos traditional pro le existentia de Deo: le [[argumento ontologic]], le [[argumento cosmologic]], e le [[argumento physico-theologic]] (i.e., le argumento del designio).{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.iii)}}
Le resultatos del dialectic transcendental usque a iste puncto pare esser completemente negative. In un appendice a iste section, Kant rejecta un tal conclusion. Le ideas del ration pur, ille argumenta, ha un importante function ''regulative'' in diriger e organisar nostre investigationes theoric e practic. Le obras posterior de Kant disveloppa iste function a longe e in detalio.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=18}}
===Pensamento moral===
{{Main|Ethica kantian}}
Kant disveloppava su ethica, o philosophia moral, in tres obras: ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1785), ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]'' (1788), e ''[[Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1797). Concernente al moralitate, Kant argumentava que le origine del [[Bonitate e theoria del valor|bon]] non jace in alique cosa exterior al [[human]] subjecto, sia in le [[natura]] o date per [[Deo]], ma solmente in le bon voluntate mesme. Un bon voluntate es illo que age per deber, in accordo con le lege moral universal que le esser human autonome se da libere a se mesme. Iste lege obliga un a tractar le humanitate —comprehendite como agentia rational e representate tanto per se mesme como per alteres— como un [[fin in se mesme]] e non simplemente como [[medio (philosophia)|medio]] pro altere fines que le individuo pote haber. Kant es cognoscite pro su theoria que tote [[obligation moral]] es fundate in lo que ille appella le "[[imperative categoric]]", derivate del concepto de [[deber]]. Il argumenta que le lege moral es un principio del [[ration]] mesme, non fundate super factos contingente del mundo, como lo que nos renderea felice; ager secundo le lege moral non ha altere motivo que "dignitate de esser felice".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A806/B834</ref>
Nonobstante, le expertos es largemente de accordo que le ethica de Kant precede, in le major parte de su ideas central, le periodo critic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ursprünge der Ethik Kants in seinen vorkritischen Schriften und Reflektionen |date=1961 |publisher=Hain |url=[https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Urspr%C3%BCnge_der_Ethik_Kants_in_seinen.html?id=8hps0QEACAAJ |language=de}}; {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Problem der Kontingenz der Welt: Versuch einer positiven Aufarbeitung der Kritik Kants am kosmologischen Argument |date=1969 |publisher=Herder |url=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Giovanni |title=Kants "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft": ein Kommentar |date=2004 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft |location=Darmstadt |isbn=3534157419}}</ref>
====Idea del libertate====
In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant distingue inter le idea transcendental del libertate, que como concepto psychologic es "principalmente empiric" e refere a "si un facultate de initiar per se mesme un serie de cosas o estados successive debe esser assumite",<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467">Kant, ''CPuR'' A448/B467</ref> e le concepto practic del libertate como independentia de nostre voluntate del "coercition" o "necessitation per impulsos sensibile". Kant trova un fonte de difficultate in le facto que le idea practic del libertate es fundate super le idea transcendental del libertate,<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A533–34/B561–62</ref> ma, pro rationes practic, usa le signification practic, non prendente "nulle consideration de ... su signification transcendental", que ille considera esser propriemente "disponite" in le Tertie Antinomia, e que, como elemento in le question del libertate del voluntate, es pro le philosophia "un ver obstaculo" que ha embarrassate le ration speculative.<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/>
Kant appella ''practic'' "tote lo que es possibile per libertate"; ille appella le leges practic pur que jammais es date per conditiones sensibile, ma que es tenite analogemente al lege universal del causalitate, "leges moral". Le ration pote dar nos solmente le "leges pragmatic de action libere per le sensos", ma le leges practic pur date per le ration ''a priori'' dicta "lo que debe esser facite".<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/><ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A800–02/B 828–30</ref> Le categorias kantian del libertate functiona principalmente como conditiones pro le possibilitate de actiones (i) esser libere, (ii) esser comprendite como libere, e (iii) esser evaluate moralmente. Pro Kant, ben que le actiones como objectos theoric es constituite per medio del categorias theoric, le actiones como objectos practic (objectos del uso practic del ration, que pote esser bon o mal) es constituite per medio del categorias del libertate. Solmente in iste maniera pote le actiones, como phenomena, esser consequentias del libertate, e esser comprendite e evaluate como tal.<ref>[[Susanne Bobzien]], 'Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant', in ''Kant: Analysen, Probleme, Kritik'' Vol. 1, 1988, 193–220.</ref>
====Imperative categoric====
Kant face un distinction inter imperativos categoric e [[imperative hypothetic]]. Un ''imperative hypothetic'' es uno que debe esser obsequite pro satisfacer desiros contingente. Un ''imperative categoric'' obliga le [[agente rational]] independentemente de su desiros: per exemplo, tote agentes rational ha le deber de respectar altere agentes rational como fines individual in se mesmes, independentemente del circumstantias, mesmo si a vices il es in le interesse egoistic de un persona de non facer lo. Iste imperativos es moralmente obligatori a causa del forma categoric de lor maximas, e non a causa de factos contingente concernente un agente.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 83.</ref>
A differentia de imperativos hypothetic, que nos obliga in tanto que nos es parte de un gruppo o societate a que nos debe deberes, nos non pote optar ex le imperative categoric, proque nos non pote optar ex le facto de esser agentes rational. Nos debe un deber al rationalitate in virtute de esser agentes rational; ergo, principios moral rational se applica a tote agentes rational in tote momentos.{{sfn|Johnson|2008}} Dicite in altere terminos, con tote formas de rationalitate instrumental excludite del moralitate, "le lege moral mesme, sustene Kant, pote esser solmente le forma del legalitate mesme, proque nihil altere remane quando tote contento ha essite rejectate".{{sfn|Schneewind|2010|p=261}}
Kant propone tres formulationes del imperative categoric. Il asserta que illos es necessariemente equivalente, como expressiones del universalitate pur del lege moral in se mesme;<ref>Kant, ''G''. 4:420–421, 436.</ref> multe estudioses non es convincite.<ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–78</ref> Le formulationes es le sequente:
* ''Formula del Lege Universal'':
** "Age solmente secundo ille maxima per le qual tu pote al mesme tempore voler que illo deveni un lege universal";<ref name="Kant, G 4:421">Kant, ''G'' 4:421</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Lege del Natura'': "Age assi como si le maxima de tu action, per tu voluntate, deberea devenir un lege universal del natura."<ref name="Kant, G 4:421"/>
* ''Formula del Humanitate como Fin in se mesme'':
** "Age de maniera que tu usa le humanitate, tanto in tu proprie persona como in le persona de cata altere, sempre al mesme tempore como fin e jammais simplemente como medio".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:429</ref>
* ''Formula del Autonomia'':
** "le idea del voluntate de cata esser rational como un voluntate que da lege universal",<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:431; cf. 4:432</ref> o "Non eliger alteremente que in maniera que le maximas de tu election sia al mesme tempore comprehendite con illo, in le mesme volition, como lege universal";<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:440; cf. 4:432, 434, 438</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Regno del Fines'': "Age secundo maximas de un membro universalmente legislative de un regno simplemente possibile de fines."<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:439; cf. 4:433, 437–439</ref><ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, p.6</ref>
Kant defini ''maxima'' como un "principio subjective del volition", que es distinguite de un "principio objective o 'lege practic'". Dum le ultime es valide pro cata esser rational e es un "principio secundo le qual ille debe ager", un maxima "contine le regula practic que le ration determina in accordo con le conditiones del subjecto (frequentemente su ignorantia o inclinationes) e es assi le principio secundo le qual le subjecto age".<ref>Caygill, Howard. (1995) ''A Kant Dictionary''. Blackwell Publishing, p. 289, citante ''GMM''.</ref>
Le maximas falle a qualificar como leges practic si illos produce un contradiction in conception o un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Un contradiction in conception occurre quando, si un maxima esseva universalizate, illo cessarea de haber senso, proque le "maxima se destruererea necessariemente a si mesme tosto que illo esseva facite un lege universal".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:403.</ref> Per exemplo, si le maxima "Es permissibile romper promissas" esseva universalizate, nulle persona haberea confidentia in promissas facite, e assi le idea de un promissa devenirea sin signification; le maxima esserea contradictori a se mesme, proque, quando illo es universalizate, le promissas cessa de haber signification. Le maxima non es moral proque il es logicamente impossibile universalizar lo —nos non pote conceber un mundo in le qual iste maxima es universalisate.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 88.</ref>
Un maxima pote anque esser immoral si illo crea un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Isto non significa un contradiction logic, ma que le universalisation del maxima conduce a un stato de cosas que nulle esser ''rational'' desira.
===="Le doctrina del virtute"====
Como Kant explica in le 1785 ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' e como su titulo indica directemente, ille texto es "nihil plus que le recerca e establimento del ''principio supreme del moralitate''".<ref>Kant, ''GMM'' 4:392.</ref> Su promittite ''Metaphysica del Morales'' esseva multo retardate e non appareva usque a su duo partes, "Le Doctrina del Derecto" e "Le Doctrina del Virtute", esser publicate separatemente in 1797 e 1798.<ref>Gregor, Mary J. (1996) "Translator's note on the text of The metaphysics of morals". In ''Practical Philosophy''. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, p. 355.</ref>
Le prime tracta le philosophia politic; le secunde, le ethica. "Le Doctrina del Virtute" presenta "un narration multo differente del rationamento moral ordinari" ab illo suggerite per le ''Fundamento''.{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Illo se interessa a ''deberes del virtute'' o "fines que al mesme tempore es deberes".<ref>Kant, ''MM''. 6:382–391.</ref> Il es hic, in le dominio del ethica, que le major innovation de ''Le Metaphysica del Morales'' se trova. Secundo le explication de Kant, "le rationamento moral ordinari es fundamentalmente teleologic —illo es rationamento concernente le fines que le moralitate nos obliga a persequer, e le prioritates inter iste fines que nos es obligate a observar".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=69}}
<blockquote>Il existe duo classes de fines que es nostre deber haber: nostre proprie perfection e le felicitate de alteres (''MS'' 6:385). "Perfection" include tanto nostre perfection natural (le disveloppamento de nostre talentos, habilitates e capacitate de comprender) como nostre perfection moral (nostre disposition virtuose) (''MS'' 6:387). Le "felicitate" de un persona es le plus grande integre rational del fines que le persona ha fixate pro su proprie satisfaction (''MS'' 6:387–388).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=70}}</blockquote>
Le elaboration de Kant de iste doctrina teleologic propone un theoria moral multo differente de illo que normalmente es attribuite a ille super le base de su obras foundational sol.
=== Politica ===
{{vide etiam|Politica philosophic de Immanuel Kant}}
In ''Vers le Pace Perpetual: Un Projecto Philosophic'', Kant enumerava plure conditiones que ille considerava necessari pro terminar guerras e crear un pace durabile. Inter illas esseva un mundo de republicas constitutional.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:349–353</ref> Su theoria republican esseva extendite in le "Doctrina del Drito", le prime parte del ''[[Metaphysica del Morals]]'' (1797).<ref>Manfred Riedel, ''Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy'', Cambridge 1984</ref> Kant credeva que le historia universal conduce al fin ultime de un mundo de statos republican in pace, ma su theoria non esseva pragmatic. Le processo esseva describite in ''Pace Perpetual'' como natural plus tosto que rational:
{{blockquote|Lo que offere iste ''garantia'' (securitate) es nihil minus que le grande artista ''natura'' (''natura daedala rerum''), de cuje curso mechanic appare visibilemente le finalitate, lassante concordia emerger per medio del discordia inter esseres human, mesmo contra lor voluntate; e pro iste ration natura, considerate como necessitate per un causa cuje lege de operationes es incognoscibile a nos, es appellate ''fato'', ma si nos considera su finalitate in le curso del mundo como le profunde sapientia de un causa superior, dirigite verso le fin objective ultime del genere human e predeterminante iste curso del mundo, illo es appellate ''providentia''.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:360–362</ref>}}
Le pensamento politic de Kant pote esser resumite como governamento republican e organisation international: "In terminos plus characteristicamente kantian, illo es un doctrina del stato fundate super le lege (''[[Rechtsstaat]]'') e del pace eternal. In facto, in cata un de iste formulationes, le duo terminos exprime le mesme idea: celle de constitution legal o de 'pace per le lege'.<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 581–582</ref> "Le philosophia politic de Kant, essente essentialmente un doctrina juridic, rejecta per definition le opposition inter education moral e le joco de passiones como fundamentos alternative pro le vita social. Le stato es definite como le union de homines sub lege. Le stato in le proprie senso es constituite per leges que es necessari ''a priori'' proque illos deriva del ipse concepto del lege. Un regime pote esser judicate per nulle altere criterios ni assignate altere functiones que illos proprie al ordine legal como tal."<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 603</ref>
Kant se opponeva al "democratia", que in su epocha significava [[democratia directe]], proque ille credeva que le regula del majoritate poneva in periculo le libertate individual. Ille declarava que "''democratia'' in le stricte senso del parola es necessariemente un ''despotismo'' proque illo establi un poter executive in le qual omnes decide pro e, si necesse, contra un (qui assi non concorda), de sorta que omnes, qui tamen non es omnes, decide; e isto es un contradiction del voluntate general con se mesme e con libertate."<ref>Kant, p. 8:352</ref>
Como le major parte del autores de su epocha, Kant distingueva tres formas de governamento —democratia, aristocratia e monarchia— con [[governamento mixte]] como le forma plus ideal.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:352</ref> Ille credeva in ideales e formas republican de governamento, e in le [[dominio del lege]] que resultava de illos.<ref>Kant, pp. 8:349–8:353</ref> Ben que Kant publicava isto como un "obra popular", [[Mary J. Gregor]] observa que duo annos plus tarde, in ''Metaphysica del Morals'', Kant pretende demonstrar ''systematicamente'' que "establir un pace universal e durabile constitue non solmente un parte del doctrina del drito, sed plus tosto le integre fin ultime del doctrina del drito intra le limites del ration pur".<ref>Kant, ''MM'' 6:355</ref><ref>Gregor, Mary J. "Introduction", in ''Practical Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press, p. 313</ref>
Le pensamento politic posterior de Kant esseva profundemente preoccupate per le problema del guerra e le possibilitate de establir un pace durabile inter le statos. In ''[[Pace Perpetual: Un Sketch Philosophic|Vers le Pace Perpetual]]'' (1795), ille argumentava que un pace durabile non poteva esser securate simplemente per tractatos, ma requireva constitutiones republican, respecto del derecto international e un federation voluntari de statos libere. Ille se opponeva al [[guerra de conquista|guerras de conquista]], al exercitos permanente e al practicas politic que incoragiava conflictos futur, e ille considerava le developpamento progressive de relationes international legal como un del tarefas politic central del humanitate.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kant's Social and Political Philosophy |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2016 |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Higgins |first=Olivier |title=Kant on Peace, Honor and the "Point of View" of Princes, 1755–1795 |journal=Modern Intellectual History |year=2023 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=738–763 |doi=10.1017/S1479244322000476 }}</ref>
''Le Doctrina del Drito'', publicate in 1797, contine le contribution le plus mature e systematic de Kant al philosophia politic. Illo tracta del deberes secundo le lege, que es "concernite solmente con le protection del libertate externe del individuos" e es indifferente al motivationes. Ben que existe un deber moral "de limitar nos a actiones que es juste, iste deber non es parte de [le drito] ipse".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Su idea politic basic es que "le derecto de cata persona de esser su proprie maestro es compatibile con le derectos de alteres solmente si institutiones juridic public existe".<ref>Ripstein, Arthur. (2009) ''Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy''. Harvard University Press, p. 9.</ref> Ille formula le principio universal del drito como:
{{Citation|Omne action es ''juste'' si illo pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal, o si, secundo su maxima, le libertate de selection de cata uno pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal. (''MS'' 6:230).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}}}}
===Scriptores religiose===
{{Main|Religion intra le limites del ration pur}}
A partir del seculo XX, commentatores tendeva a vider Kant como habente un relation tensionate con le religion, ben que isto non esseva le opinion predominante durante le seculo XIX. [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], cuje litteras adjutava a render Kant famose, scribeva: «Io crede que io pote inferer sin reservation que le interesse del religion, e del christianitate in particular, concorda completemente con le resultato del Critica del Ration.»<ref>Karl Leonhard Reinhold, ''Letters on the Kantian Philosophy'' (1786), 3rd Letter</ref> Secundo [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]], qui scribeva un del prime commentarios super Kant: «E non es iste systema mesme in le plus splendide accordo con le religion christian? Non deveni le divinitate e le beneficentia de iste ultime tanto plus evidente?»<ref>Johann Schultz, ''Exposition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason'' (1784), 141.</ref> Le ration pro iste interpretationes esseva le theologia moral de Kant e le opinion largemente diffundite que su philosophia esseva le grande antithese a [[Spinozismo]], que esseva largemente considerate un forma de pantheismo sophistificate o mesmo de atheismo. Proque le philosophia de Kant negligeva le possibilitate de arguer pro Deo per le ration pur sol, per le mesme ration illo etiam negligeva le possibilitate de arguer contra Deo per le ration pur sol.
Kant dirige su criticas le plus forte contra le organisation e le practicas del institutiones religiose que incoragia lo que ille considera un religion de falso servicio a Deo.<ref>Kant, ''RBMR'' Part IV, First part, First section [6:157–163]</ref> Inter le objectos principal de su critica es le rituales externe, le superstition e un ecclesia hierarchic. Ille vide iste practicas como effortios pro render se agradabile a Deo per medios altere que le adherentia conscientiose al principio del rectitude moral in eliger e sequer le maximas proprie. Le criticas de Kant super iste questiones, insimul con su rejection de certe provas theoretic del existentia de Deo fundate super le ration pur, particularmente le [[argumento ontologic]], e su commentario philosophic super certe doctrinas christian, ha resultate in interpretationes que considera Kant hostil al religion in general e al christianitate in particular.<ref>E.g., Walsh, W.H., 1967, "Kant, Immanuel: Philosophy of Religion", ''The Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Volume Four, Paul Edwards (ed.), New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. & The Free Press, 322.</ref> Altere interpretes, nonobstante, considera que Kant tentava distinguer le credentias christian defendibile del illas indefendibile.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Pasternack|first1=Lawrence|last2=Rossi|first2=Philip|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|url=[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's](http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's) Philosophy of Religion|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2014|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/%7Curl-status%3Dlive%7D%7D)</ref>
Concernente le conception de Kant del religion, alcun criticos ha arguite que ille esseva sympathic al deismo.<ref>Per exemplo Peter Byrne, qui scribeva super le relation de Kant con le deismo. Byrne, Peter (2007), ''Kant on God'', London: Ashgate, p. 159.</ref> Altere criticos ha arguite que le conception moral de Kant passa del deismo al theismo (como theismo moral), per exemplo Allen W. Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (1970), ''Kant's moral religion'', London and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 16.</ref> e etiam [[Merold Westphal]].<ref>Westphal, Merold (2010), ''The Emergence of Modern Philosophy of Religion'', in Taliaferro, Charles, Draper, Paul and Quinn, Philip (editors), ''A Companion to Philosophy of Religion'', Oxford: Blackwell, p. 135.</ref> Quanto al libro de Kant ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur|Religion intra le limites del Ration Pur]]'', esseva accentuate que Kant reduceva le religiositate a rationalitate, le religion a moralitate, e le christianitate a ethica;<ref>Iţu, Mircia (2004), ''Dumnezeu şi religia în concepţia lui Immanuel Kant din Religia în limitele raţiunii'', in Boboc, Alexandru and Mariş, N.I. (editors), ''Studii de istoria filosofiei universale'', volume 12, Bucharest: Romanian Academy.</ref> tamen, multe interpretes, inter illes Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (2020), ''Kant and Religion'', Cambridge University Press, p. 2.</ref> insimul con Lawrence Pasternack,<ref>Vider per exemplo Lawrence Pasternack, ''Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason'' (New York, Routledge, 2014), pp. 239–240.</ref> ora concorda con le assertion de [[Stephen Palmquist]] que un melior maniera de leger le ''Religion'' de Kant es vider lo como un tentativa de elevar le moralitate al stato de religion.<ref>Palmquist, Stephen (1992), "Does Kant Reduce Religion to Morality?", ''Kant-Studien'' 83.2, pp. 129–148.</ref>
Le philosopho german Josef Schmucker monstrava que le critica de Kant del provas traditional del existentia de Deo precede su periodo critic e pote esser traciate retro al annos 1760, como etiam le developpamento de su concepto del ideal transcendental.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant |date=1980 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |location=Berlin, BRD New York |isbn=311008130X}} e {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Weltproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft: Kommentar und Strukturanalyse des ersten Buches und des zweiten Hauptstücks des zweiten Buches der transzendentalen Dialektik |date=1990 |publisher=Bouvier Verl |location=Bonn |isbn=3416021851}}</ref>
=== Esthetica ===
{{vide etiam|Teleologia de Kant}}
[[File:Immanuel Kant.jpg|thumb|Gravura de Kant per Friedrich Rosmäsler, 1822, a partir de un pictura de Todd Schorr]]
Kant tracta le natura subjective de qualitates e experientias esthetic in ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' (1764). Le contribution de Kant al theoria esthetic es disveloppate in le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'' (1790), ubi ille investiga le possibilitate e le stato logic de "judicamentos de gusto". In le "Analytica del Belle", le prime division major del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant usa le termino "esthetic" in un maniera que se approxima a su senso moderne.<ref>Critique of Judgment in "Kant, Immanuel", ''[[https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf](https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf) Encyclopedia of Philosophy]'', volume 5, Macmillan, 2006, accessed on 16 November 2024</ref> In le ''[[Critica del Ration Pure]]'', pro notar le differentias essential inter judicamentos de gusto, judicamentos moral e judicamentos scientific, Kant abandona le termino "esthetic" como designante le critica del gusto, notante que le judicamentos de gusto nunquam pote esser "dirigite" per "leges ''a priori''".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A22/B36</ref> Post [[Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten]], qui scribeva ''Aesthetica'' (1750–58),{{efn|Beardsley, Monroe. "History of Aesthetics". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, section on "Toward a unified aesthetics", p. 25, Macmillan 1973. Baumgarten coined the term "aesthetics" and expanded, clarified, and unified Wolffian aesthetic theory, but had left the ''Aesthetica'' unfinished (Vide etiam: Tonelli, Giorgio. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, Macmillan 1973). In Bernard's translation of the ''Critique of Judgment'' he indicates in the notes that Kant's reference in § 15 in regard to the identification of perfection and beauty is probably a reference to Baumgarten.}} Kant esseva un del prime philosophos a developpar e integrar le theoria aesthetic in un systema philosophic unificate e comprehensibile, utilisante ideas que habeva un rolo integral in tote su philosophia.<ref>German Idealism in "History of Aesthetics" ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol 1. Macmillan, 1973.</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Belle" del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant dice que le beltate non es un proprietate de un obra de arte o de un phenomeno natural, sed plus tosto le conscientia del placer que accompania le "libere joco" del imagination e del intellecto. Ben que il pare que nos usa le ration pro decider lo que es belle, le judicio non es un judicio cognitive,{{efn|Kant's general discussions of the distinction between "cognition" and "conscious of" are also given in the ''Critique of Pure Reason'' (notably A320/B376), and section V and the conclusion of section VIII of his Introduction in ''Logic''.}} "e per consequentia non logic, sed aesthetic".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §1</ref>
Un judicio pure de gusto es subjective pois que illo se refere al responsa emotional del subjecto e es fundate solmente super le appreciation del objecto ipse: illo es un placer disinteressate, e nos senti que le judicios pure de gusto (i.e., judicios de beltate) reclama validitate universal.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§ 20–22</ref> Iste validitate universal non deriva de un concepto determinate de beltate, sed de le ''senso commun''.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §40</ref> Kant credeva anque que un judicio de gusto comparti characteristicas con un judicio moral: ambes es disinteressate, e nos considera les universalmente valide.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §59</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Taste |year=1997 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674500358 |pages=15–20}}</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Sublime", Kant identifica le [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] como un qualitate aesthetic que, como le beltate, es subjective, sed que, a differentia del beltate, se refere a un relation indeterminate inter le facultates del imagination e del ration. Illo comparti anque le character del judicamentos moral in su implication del ration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clewis |first=Robert R. |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521760867 |pages=48–52}}</ref> Le sentimento del sublime, dividite in duo modos distincte (le sublime mathematic e le sublime dynamic),<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §24</ref> describe duo momentos subjective concernente le relation del facultate del imagination al ration. Alcun commentatores sustene que le philosophia critic de Kant contine un tertie typo del sublime, le sublime moral, que es le responsa aesthetic al lege moral o a un representation, e un disveloppamento del sublime "nobile" in le theoria de Kant de 1764.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clewis |first=Robert |year=2009 |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Le sublime mathematic resulta del fallimento del imagination a comprender objectos natural que appare sin limites e sin forma, o que appare "absolute grande".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§23–25</ref> Iste fallimento imaginative es alora recuperate per le placer prendite in le assertion del ration del concepto de infinito. In iste movimento le facultate del ration prova esser superior a nostre fallibile self sensibile.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§25–26</ref> In le sublime dynamic, il ha le senso de annihilation del self sensibile quando le imagination tenta comprender un potentia enorme. Iste potentia del natura nos mena, sed per le resistentia del ration a tal annihilation sensibile, le subjecto senti un placer e un senso del vocation moral human. Iste appreciation del sentimento moral per medio del exposition al [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] adjuta a developpar le character moral.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§28–29</ref> Kant developpava un theoria del [[Humor|humor]],<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §54</ref> que ha essite interpretate como un theoria del "incongruentia". Il illustrava su theoria del humor per narrar tres scherzos in le ''Critica del Judicio''. Il pensava que le impacto physiologic del humor es simile a illo del musica.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jakobidze-Gitman|first=Alexander|title=Kant's Situated Approach to Musicking and Joking|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies|year=2020|volume=10|pages=17–33|doi=10.25364/24.10:2020.2}}</ref>
Kant developpava un distinction inter un objecto de arte como valor material subjecte al conventiones del societate e le condition transcendental del judicio de gusto como un valor "refinate" in su ''Idea pro un Historia Universal con un Fin Cosmopolita'' (1784). In le Quarte e Quinte Theses de iste obra ille identificava tote arte como le "fructos del insociabilitate" debite al "antagonismo in societate" del homines<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:20–22</ref> e, in le Septime These, affirmava que, ben que tal proprietate material es indicative de un stato civilisate, sol le ideal del moralitate e le universalisation del valor refine per le melioration del mente "appartene a cultura".<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:24–26.</ref>
===Anthropologia===
Kant faceva lectiones super [[Historia del anthropologia|anthropologia]], le studio del natura human, durante vinti-tres annos.<ref><nowiki>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Holly |title=Kant's Pragmatic Anthropology |url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils) |url-access=limited |date=2006 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=978-0791468494 |page=[[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21<nowiki>) 7]}}</nowiki></ref> Su ''[[Anthropologia ab un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' esseva publicate in 1798. Transcriptiones del lectiones de Kant super anthropologia esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 1997 in germano.<ref>Thomas Sturm, ''Kant und die Wissenschaften vom Menschen'' (Paderborn: Mentis Verlag, 2009).</ref> Kant esseva inter le prime personas de su epocha a introducer le anthropologia como area intellectual de studio, multo ante que le campo deveniva popular, e su textos es considerate como habente facite progressar le campo. Su puncto de vista influentiava le obras de philosophos posterior como [[Martin Heidegger]] e [[Paul Ricœur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piercey |first1=Robert |last2=Philosophy Documentation Center |date=2011 |title=Kant and the Problem of Hermeneutics: Heidegger and Ricoeur on the Transcendental Schematism |url=[http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection](http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection) |journal=Idealistic Studies |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–202 |doi=10.5840/idstudies201141315 |issn=0046-8541|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Kant esseva le prime a suggerer le uso de un approccio dimensional al diversitate human. Il analysava le natura del [[Hippocrate]]-[[Galen]] [[quatro temperamentos]] e representava in duo dimensiones "lo que pertine al facultate del desiderio de un esser human": "su aptitude natural o disposition natural" e "su temperamento o sensibilitate".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:285</ref> Le colericos esseva describite como emotional e energetic, le flemmaticos como equilibrate e debile, le sanguinees como equilibrate e energetic, e le melancholicos como emotional e debile. Iste duo dimensiones reapparer in tote le modelos subsequente de temperamento e tractos de personalitate. Kant considerava le anthropologia in duo grande categorias: (1) le approccio physiologic, que ille appellava "lo que le natura face del esser human"; e (2) le approccio pragmatic, que explora le cosas que un human "pote e debe facer de se ipse".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:119</ref>
====Vistas super le racia====
Le theoria de Kant super le racia e su opiniones prejudicial es inter le areas le plus controverse del recerca kantian recente.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1438443614 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany, New York |pages=12–30 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Zorn |first=Daniel-Pascal |title=Kant—a Racist? |url=[https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/](https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/) |journal=Public History Weekly |year=2020 |volume=2020 |issue=8 |doi=10.1515/phw-2020-17156 |s2cid=225247836 |issn=2197-6376 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kleingeld |first=Pauline |date=October 2007 |title=Kant's Second Thoughts on Race |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/KLEKST |journal=Philosophical Quarterly |volume=57 |issue=229 |pages=573–592 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.498.x}}</ref>--> Ben que pauc, si alcun, contesta le racismo manifeste e le chauvinismo presente in su obra, un question plus contestate es le grado in le qual illo degrada o invalida su altere contributiones. Su criticos le plus sever asserta que Kant manipulava intentionalmente le scientia pro supportar le sclavitude e le discrimination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eze |first=Emmanuel |chapter=The Color of Reason: the Idea of 'Race' in Kant's Anthropology |date=1997 |url=[https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO](https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO) |title=Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader |pages=103–140 |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |publisher=Blackwell |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serequeberhan |first=T. |date=1996 |title=Eurocentrism in Philosophy: the Case of Immanuel Kant |journal=The Philosophical Forum |s2cid=170547963 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Alteres recognosce que ille viveva in un epocha de scientia immatur, con multe credentias erronee, alcun racist, tote apparente decennios ante le evolution, le genetica molecular e altere scientias que hodie es considerate como evidente.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Philosophy Junkie: Immanuel Kant's Racism and Sexism with Professors Lucy Allais and Helga Varden on Apple Podcasts |url=[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962) |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geismann |first=Georg |date=1 January 2022 |title=Why Kant Was Not a 'Racist' |url=[https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist](https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist) |journal=Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=263–357 |doi=10.3790/jre.30.1.263 |s2cid=255676303 |issn=0944-4610|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Kant esseva un del pensatores plus notabile del [[Illuminismo]] a defender le racismo. Le philosopho [[Charles W. Mills]] es inequivoc: "Kant es etiam considerate como un del figuras central in le nascentia del racismo 'scientific' moderne. Dum altere contributores al pensamento racial precoce como Carolus Linnaeus e Johann Friedrich Blumenbach habeva offerite solmente observationes 'empiric' (virgulettes de cautela necessari!), Kant produceva un ''theoria'' complete del racia."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112|p=95}}
Exemplos de su commentarios racistas pote esser trovate in ''Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime'', ubi ille rejecta le opinion de un "carpintero negro" dicente:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> <blockquote>Il poterea haber hic qualcosa digne de consideration, excepto le facto que <u>iste scelerato esseva completemente nigre de capite a pede, un prova distincte que lo que ille diceva esseva stupide</u>.</blockquote>Il usa etiam assertiones de [[David Hume|Hume]] pro formular opiniones raciste:<ref name=":3" /> <blockquote>Le negros de Africa <u>ha per natura nulle sentimento que se eleva supra le ridiculo</u>. Sr. Hume provoca quicunque a citar un sol exemplo ubi un negro ha demonstrate talentos, e asserta que inter le centos de milles de negros que ha essite transportate alterubi ab lor paises, ben que multes de illes ha essite liberate, tamen <u>nulle ha unquam essite trovate qui ha accomplishite alque grande in le arte o in le scientia o monstrate ulle altere qualitate digne de laude, durante que inter le blancos il ha sempre illes qui se eleva del plus basse plebe e per dons extraordinari gania le respecto del mundo. Assi essential es le differentia inter iste duo typos human, e illo pare esser tanto grande con respecto al capacitate del mente como con respecto al color.</u> Le religion del fetiches, que es diffundite inter illes, es forsan un sorta de idolatria, que cade tanto profundemente in le ridiculo como pare esser possibile pro le natura human. Un penna de ave, un corno de vacca, un concha, o qualcunque altere cosa commun, tosto que illo es consecrate con certe parolas, deveni un objecto de veneration e de invocation durante le juramentos. <u>Le negros es multo vanitose, ma al maniera del Negro, e assi loquace que illes debe esser separate le unes ab le alteres per colpos.</u></blockquote>
Il deride etiam le costumes de terras non-europee como China, India, Japon e Arabia. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>In Peking, quando il ha un eclipse del sol o del luna, illes continua ancora le ceremonia de expeller con un grande strepito le dracon que devorarea iste corpos celeste, e <u>illes conserva un costume miserabile ab le plus ancian tempores de ignorantia</u>, ben que ora on es melior informate.</blockquote>
In su ''De le differente racias del homine'', ille usa multo de racismo scientific pro describer differente racias. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2016 |title=Kant on the different human races (1777) |url=[https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/](https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/) |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Black Central Europe |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>Le profusion de particulas de ferro que se trova altrimenti in le sanguine de omne esser human, e que, in iste caso, es precipitate in le substantia reticulate per le evaporation del acido phosphoric (<u>lo que explica proque tote le negros ha mal odor</u>), es le causa del nigritie que brilla trans le epidermide. Le pesante contento de ferro in le sanguine pare etiam esser necessari pro impedir le debilitamento de tote le partes del corpore. Le pelle oleose, que debilita le mucus nutritive necessari al crescimento del capillos, permitte a pena le production del lana que coper le testa. <u>In plus, le calor humide generalmente promove le forte crescimento del animales.</u> In breve, tote iste factores explica le origine del Negro, <u>qui es ben adaptate a su clima, isto es, forte, carnal e agile.</u> Tamen, proque ille es assi abundantemente provite per su terra natal, <u>ille es etiam pigre, indolente e morose.</u></blockquote>
Pro justificar le superioritate del blancos, ille scribe in le mesme essay:<ref name=":4" /><blockquote>Inter le blancos, tamen, iste acidos e le contento alkaline volatile non es reflectite del toto proque le ferro in le liquores corporee ha essite dissolvite, monstrante assi tanto le <u>perfecte mixtura del liquores como le fortia de iste stirpe human in comparation con alteres.</u></blockquote>
Usante le [[quatro temperamentos]] del Grecia antique, Kant proponeva un hierarchia de categorias racial includente europeos blancos, africanos negros e americanos indigenas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |chapter=On the Different Races of Man |title=Race and the Enlightenment: a reader |url=https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse |publisher=Blackwell |year=1997 |isbn=063120136X |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse/page/38 38]–49 |oclc=34663347 |orig-date=1775, 1777}}</ref> Ben que ille esseva un defensor del [[racismo scientific]] durante le major parte de su carriera, le opiniones de Kant super le racia cambiava significantemente durante le ultime decennio de su vita, e ille finalmente rejectava le [[colonialismo]] europee in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795), e possibilemente abandonava su opiniones super le hierarchias racial tamben (ben que ille nunquam los repudiava explicitemente).{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112}}<ref name=":2" />{{efn|Kant scribeva que "[Le blancos] contine tote le impulsos del natura in affectiones e passiones, tote le talentos, tote le dispositiones al cultura e civilisation e pote tanto facilemente obedir como governar. Illes es le sol personas qui sempre progresse verso le perfection." Il describe le sud-asiaticos como "educate al grado le plus alte ma solmente in le artes e non in le scientias". Il dice que le Hindustanis nunquam pote attinger le nivello del conceptos abstracte e que un "grande hindustani" es un qui ha "progresso multo in le arte del deception e possede multe moneta". Il affirma que le hindus remane sempre como illes es e nunquam pote progressar. Super le africanos negros, Kant scribeva que "illos pote esser educate ma solmente como servientes, isto es, illes se lassa formar". Pro Kant, "le Negro pote esser disciplinate e cultivate, ma nunquam es vermente civilisate. Il cade de su proprie accordo in le savagitate." Super le americanos indigenas, Kant opinava que illes "non pote esser educate". Il los appellava immotivate, carente de affection, passion e amor, e los describerea como troppo debile pro labor, inapte a ulle cultura, e troppo [[Quatro temperamentos|flemmatic]] pro diligentia. Il diceva que le americanos indigenas es "multo infra le Negro, qui sin dubita occupa le plus basse de tote le nivellos restante per le quales nos designa le differente racias". Kant declarava que "le americanos e le negros non pote governar se mesme. Illes servi assi solmente como sclavos."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=169–193}}{{sfn|Bowersox|2016}}}} Kant esseva un adversario del [[Miscegenation|miscigenation]], credente que le blancos esserea "degradate" e que le "fusion de racias" es indesirabile, proque "non cata racia adopta le costumes e le mores del europeos". Il declara que "in loco del assimilation, que esseva intendite per le mixtura del varie racias, le natura ha hic facite un lege justo del contrario".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:320</ref> Kant esseva etiam un antisemita, credente que le [[Judaeos|judeos]] esseva incapace de transcender le fortias material, lo que un ordine moral exigeva. In iste maniera, le judeos es presentate como le contrario de christianos autonome e rational, e ergo incapace de esser incorporate in un societate christian etic. In su "Anthropologia", Kant appellava le judeos "un nation de fraudatores" e los representava como "un gruppo que ha sequite non le via del libertate transcendental ma illo del sclavitude al mundo material".{{sfn|Shrage|2019}}
Mills scribeva que Kant ha essite "purificate pro le consumption public"; su obras raciste esseva convenientemente ignorate.{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=95–97}} [[Robert Bernasconi]] affirmava que Kant "forniva le prime definition scientific de racia". [[Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze]] es creditate con haber portate al lumine le contributiones de Kant al racismo durante le annos 1990 inter le philosophos occidental, qui, secundo ille, frequentemente dissimulava iste parte de su vita e obra.{{sfn|Bouie|2018}} Pauline Kleingeld argumenta que, ben que Kant "defendeva un hierarchia racial al minus usque al fin del annos 1780", su opiniones super le racia cambiava significantemente in obras publicate durante le ultime decennio de su vita. In particular, illa argumenta que Kant rejectava opiniones anterior ligate al hierarchias racial e al derectos o statuto moral diminuite de non-blancos in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795). Iste obra contineva etiam argumentos extensive contra le [[colonialismo]] europee, que ille declarava moralmente injuste e incompatibile con le derectos equal possedite per le populationes indigene. Kleingeld argumenta que iste cambio in le opiniones de Kant plus tarde in su vita ha essite frequentemente oblidate o ignorate in le litteratura super le anthropologia raciste de Kant, e que le cambio suggere un recognition tardive del facto que le hierarchia racial esseva incompatibile con un quadro moral universalitate.{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}
Ben que le rhetoric raciste de Kant es indicative del stato del erudition e del scientia in le XVIII seculo, le philosopho german [[Daniel-Pascal Zorn]] explica le risco de prender citationes del epocha foras de lor contexto. Multe del citationes le plus outrageous de Kant proveni ab un serie de articulos de 1777–1788, un intercambio public inter Kant, Herder, le scientista natural [[Georg Forster]], e altere eruditos eminente de ille epocha.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race: late eighteenth-century writings |date=2013 |others=Jon M. Mikkelsen |isbn=978-1461943129 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany |oclc=861693001 |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref>{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=298–301, 343–345}}<ref>cf. Kant, ''DCHR'' 8:91–106</ref> Kant affirma que tote le racias del humanitate es del mesme specie, contestante le position de Forster e alteres que le racias esseva species distincte. Ben que su commentario es clarmente partial in alcun casos, certe assertiones extreme esseva specialmente formulate pro paraphrasar o contradir Forster e altere autores.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Considerante le arco complete del erudition de Kant, Zorn nota le progression tanto in su obras philosophic como anthropologic, "con le qual ille argumenta, contra le ''zeitgeist'', pro le unitate del humanitate".<ref name=":1" />
==== Vistas super le feminas ====
Le opiniones de Kant super le feminas pote esser trovate in su obras como ''Observationes'' (1764) e ''Anthropologia'' (1798), in le quales, negante al feminas le plen capacitate pro principios moral e le equal stato civic, ille los tracta como moralmente e politicemente subordinate al homines, e non como agentes complete in lor proprie derecto. Kant credeva que homines e feminas es naturalmente differente e debe sviluppar differente typos de excellentia: le homines es characterisate per ration, principios e le "sublime", durante que le feminas es characterisate per sentimento, beltate e sensibilitate. Il susteneva que le feminas es intelligente, ma credeva que illas non age secundo principios moral abstracte in le mesme maniera que le homines; in vice de isto, illas possede un "belle virtute" fundate super sympathia, cura e judicio emotional plus tosto que super deber rational. In su obra precoce ille videva iste virtute feminine como valorose e socialmente benefic, ma in su scriptos posterior ille negava sempre plus le capacitate del feminas pro ver autonomia moral, argumentante que solmente le action rational governate per principios constitue le plen virtute. Como resultato, Kant veniva a considerar le feminas como inadapte al plen equalitate moral e politic, assignante les un rolo principal in le matrimonio, le harmonia social e le refinamento del societate, plus tosto que in un vita moral o civic independente.<ref name=":3" />
==Influentia e hereditage==
[[File:300Jahrfeier.jpg|thumb|Poster celebrante le 300 annos del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], 1844. Inter alteres, Kant e [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]] es honorate.]]
Le influentia de Kant super le pensamento occidental ha essite profunde.{{efn|Oliver A. Johnson asserta que, "con le possibile exception del ''Republica'' de Plato, (''Critica del ration pur'') es le libro philosophic le plus importante jam scripte." Articulo super Kant in le collection ''Great thinkers of the Western World'', Ian P. McGreal, Ed., HarperCollins, 1992.}} Ben que le principios basic del [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant (isto es, que le spatio e le tempore es formas ''a priori'' del perception human plus tosto que proprietates real e le assertion que le logica formal e le logica transcendental coincide) ha essite declarate false per le scientia e le logica moderne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Strawson|first=Peter|title=Bounds of Sense: Essay on Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"|year=1966|url=https://archive.org/details/boundsofsenseess0000stra_u5x0|id={{ASIN|0415040302|country=uk}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Einstein on Kant|url=https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html|access-date=2 September 2020|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html#:~:text=Einstein%20wrote:,withstand%20the%20test%20of%20time.&text=However,%20if%20one%20does%20not,and%20norms%20of%20Kant%27s%20system.|url-status=live|accessdate=25 August 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html}}]()</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perrick|first=Michael|date=1985|title=Kant and Kripke on Necessary Empirical Truths|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mind_1985-10_94_376/page/596|journal=Mind|volume=94|issue=376|pages=596–598|doi=10.1093/mind/XCIV.376.596|jstor=2254731|issn=0026-4423}}</ref> e non determina plus le agenda intellectual del philosophos contemporanee, Kant es creditate con haber innovate le maniera in que le investigation philosophic esseva effectuate al minus usque al initio del dece-none seculo.<!--not very long! early twentieth?--> Iste cambio consisteva de plure innovationes intimemente relationate que, ben que multo controverse in se mesme, deveniva importante in philosophia ulterior e in le scientias social in senso large:
* Le subjecto human vidite como le centro del investigation del cognoscentia human, de sorta que es impossibile philosophar super cosas como illos existe independentemente del perception human o de como illos es "pro nos";<ref>Stephen Palmquist, "The Architectonic Form of Kant's Copernican Logic", ''Metaphilosophy'' 17:4 (October 1986), pp. 266–288; revised and reprinted as Chapter III of [[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) Kant's System of Perspectives] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) |date=14 April 2012 }}: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993).</ref>
* le notion que il es possibile discoperir e explorar systematicamente le limites inherente del capacitate human de cognoscer completemente ''a priori'';
* le notion del "imperative categoric", un assertion que le personas es naturalmente dotate del capacitate e del obligation verso le recte ration e le action. Forsan su citation le plus famose es prendite del ''Critica del ration practic'': "Duo cosas plen mi mente de admiration e reverentia sempre nove e crescente ... : ''le celo stellate supra me e le lege moral intra me''";<ref>Kant, ''CPracR'' 5:161</ref>
* le concepto de "conditiones de possibilitate", como in su notion del "conditiones del experientia possibile"; isto es, que cosas, cognoscentia e formas de conscientia se basa super conditiones precedente que los rende possibile, de sorta que, pro comprender o cognoscer los, plure conditiones debe esser comprendite:
** le assertion que le experientia objective es activemente constituite o construite per le functionamento del mente human;
** le concepto del autonomia moral como central al humanitate; e
** le assertion del principio que le esseres human debe esser tractate como fines e non simplemente como medios.
* le [[Distinction analytic–synthetic|distinction analytic-synthetic]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | chapter=The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction | date=2023 | publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University | chapter-url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan) }}</ref>
Le ideas de Kant ha essite incorporate in un varietate de scholas de pensamento. Illos include [[Idealismo german|idealismo german]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Beiser |first=Frederick C. |author-link=Frederick C. Beiser |title=German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 |url=https://archive.org/details/germanidealismst0000beis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |date=2002 |isbn=978-0674007703 |pages=Part I}}</ref> [[Marxismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=McLellan |first=David |title=Marxism after Marx |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=1998 |isbn=978-0333738399 |pages=22–25}}</ref> [[Positivismo|positivismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kolakowski |first=Leszek |title=Positivist Philosophy: From Hume to the Vienna Circle |url=https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1972 |isbn=0140212248 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak/page/67 67]–69}}</ref> [[Phenomenologia (philosophia)|phenomenologia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Carman |first=Taylor |title=Merleau-Ponty |publisher=Routledge |date=2008 |isbn=978-0415360616 |pages=34–36}}</ref> [[Existentialismo|existentialismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Walter |title=Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301 |publisher=Meridian Books |date=1989 |isbn=978-0452009301 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301/page/n10 9]–12}}</ref> [[Theoria critic|theoria critic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Habermas |first=Jürgen |title=The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe |publisher=MIT Press |date=1987 |isbn=978-0745608303 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe/page/109 109]–113}}</ref> [[Philosophia linguistic|philosophia linguistic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dummett |first=Michael |title=Origins of Analytical Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1996 |isbn=978-0674644731 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm/page/45 45]–47}}</ref> [[Structuralismo|structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Piaget |first=Jean |title=Structuralism |publisher=Routledge |date=2001 |isbn=978-0415262491 |pages=10–12}}</ref> [[Poststructuralismo|post-structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Norris |first=Christopher |title=Deconstruction: Theory and Practice |url=https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr |publisher=Routledge |date=2003 |isbn=978-0415061742 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr/page/40 40]–42}}</ref> e [[Deconstruction|deconstruction]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Culler |first=Jonathan |title=On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0801479182 |pages=53–56}}</ref>
===Influentia historic===
[[File:Kant Kaliningrad.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Statua de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Replica per {{Interlanguage link|Harald Haacke|de}} del original per [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], que esseva perdite in 1945.]]
Durante su proprie vita, multo attention critic esseva dedicate al pensamento de Kant. Il influentiava [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], e [[Novalis]] durante le annos 1780 e 1790. [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] esseva grandemente influentiate per Kant e adjutava a diffunder le cognoscentia de ille, e del Idealismo german in general, in le Regno Unite e le Statos Unite. In su ''[[Biographia Literaria]]'' (1817), ille attribue al ideas de Kant su conviction que le mente non es un agente passive, ma un agente active in le apprehension del realitate. Hegel esseva un del prime grande criticos de Kant. Secundo Hegel, le integre projecto de separar un "subjecto transcendental" (isto es, le conscientia human) tanto del individuo vivente como del natura, historia e societate esseva fundamentalmente defective,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline|year=1827|location=Heidelberg|pages=14–15}}</ref> ben que partes de ille projecto poteva esser utilisate in un nove direction. Concernements similar motivava le criticas de Hegel del concepto de autonomia moral de Kant, al qual Hegel opponeva un ethica centrate super le "vita ethic" del communitate.{{efn|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, ''Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences''. trans. T.M. Knox. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975. Hegel's mature view and his concept of "ethical life" is elaborated in his ''Philosophy of Right''. Hegel, ''Philosophy of Right''. trans. T.M. Knox. Oxford University Press, 1967.}} In un senso, le notion de Hegel del "vita ethic" es intendite a includer, plus tosto que reimplaciar, le [[Ethica kantian|ethica kantian]]. E Hegel pote esser vidite como attemptante defender le idea de libertate de Kant como un superar le "desiderios" finite per medio del ration. Assi, in contrasto con criticos ulterior como Nietzsche o Russell, Hegel comparti alcun del preoccupationes de Kant.{{efn|Robert Pippin's ''Hegel's Idealism'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) emphasizes the continuity of Hegel's concerns with Kant's. Robert Wallace, ''Hegel's Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) explains how Hegel's ''Science of Logic'' defends Kant's idea of freedom as going beyond finite "inclinations", contra skeptics such as David Hume.}}
Le pensamento de Kant super le religion esseva usate in Britannia per philosophos como [[Thomas Carlyle]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cody |first=David |date= |title=Carlyle: Sources and Influence |url=[https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html](https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html) |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=The Victorian Web}}</ref> pro contestar le declino del fide religiose in le dece-none seculo. Autores catholic britanno, notabilemente [[G. K. Chesterton]] e [[Hilaire Belloc]], sequeva iste approccio.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morse |first=David |title=The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism |url=https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333913918 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi/page/198 198]–200}}</ref> Criticas de Kant esseva commun in le vistas realista del nove [[Positivismo|positivismo]] de ille tempore. [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] esseva fortemente influentiate per le [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant. Como [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi]], [[Salomon Maimon]], [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]] e Fichte ante ille, Schopenhauer esseva critic de le theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Le cosas-in-se, illes argumentava, non es ni le causa de lo que nos observa, ni completemente foras de nostre accesso. Desde le ''Critica del ration pur'', philosophos ha essite criticos del theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Multes ha argomentate que, si un tal cosa existe ultra le experientia, alora on non pote postular que illo nos affice causalmente, proque isto implicarea extender le categoria "causalitate" ultra le dominio del experientia.{{efn|For a review of this problem and the relevant literature see ''The Thing in Itself and the Problem of Affection'' in the revised edition of Henry Allison's ''Kant's Transcendental Idealism''.}}
Con le successo e le large influentia del scriptos de Hegel, le proprie influentia de Kant comenciava a declinar, ma un reevaluation de su ideas comenciava in Germania in 1865 con le publication de ''Kant und die Epigonen'' per [[Otto Liebmann]], cu motto esseva "Retro a Kant". Il sequeva un importante renascentia del philosophia theoric de Kant, cognoscite como [[Neo-kantianismo|neo-kantianismo]]. Le notion de Kant del "critica" ha essite plus largemente influente. Le prime romanticos german, specialmente [[Friedrich Schlegel]] in su "Fragmentos de Athenaeum", usava le conception reflexive de Kant del critica in lor theoria romantic del poesia.<ref>Schlegel, Friedrich. "Athenaeum Fragments", in ''Philosophical Fragments''. Trans. Peter Firchow. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991. See especially fragments Nos. 1, 43, 44.</ref> In le [[aesthetica]] tamben, [[Clement Greenberg]], in su essay classic "Modernist Painting", usa le critica kantian, que Greenberg appella "critica immanente", pro justificar le objectivos del [[Arte abstracte|pictura abstracte]], un movimento que Greenberg videva como consciente del limitation clave — le planitate — que constitue le medio del pictura.<ref>Greenberg, Clement. "Modernist Painting", in ''The Philosophy of Art'', ed. Alex Neill and Aaron Ridley, McGraw-Hill, 1995.</ref> Le philosopho francese [[Michel Foucault]] esseva etiam grandemente influentiate per le notion de Kant de "critica" e scribeva plure textos super Kant pro reexaminar le Illuminismo como un forma de "pensamento critic". Il iva usque a classificar su proprie philosophia como un "historia critic del modernitate, radicate in Kant".<ref>See "Essential Works of Foucault: 1954–1984 vol. 2: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology". Ed. by James Faubion, Trans. Robert Hurley et al. New York City: The New Press, 1998 (2010 reprint). See "Foucault, Michel, 1926 –" entry by Maurice Florence.</ref>
Kant credeva que le veritates mathematic es formas de cognoscentia [[Synthetic a priori|synthetic ''a priori'']], lo que significa que illos es necessari e universal, ma cognoscite per le intuition ''a priori'' del spatio e del tempore, como preconditiones transcendental del experientia.<ref>For a discussion and qualified defense of this position, see Stephen Palmquist, "A Priori Knowledge in Perspective: (I) Mathematics, Method and Pure Intuition", ''The Review of Metaphysics'' 41:1 (September 1987), pp. 3–22.</ref> Le commentarios frequentemente breve de Kant super le [[Mathematica|mathematica]] influentiava le schola mathematic cognoscite como [[Intuitionismo|intuitionismo]], un movimento in le [[philosophia del mathematica]] opponite al [[Formalismo (mathematica)|formalismo]] de [[David Hilbert]] e al [[Logicismo|logicismo]] de [[Gottlob Frege]] e [[Bertrand Russell]].{{efn|[[Stephan Körner|Körner, Stephan]], ''The Philosophy of Mathematics'', Dover, 1986. For an analysis of Kant's writings on mathematics see, Friedman, Michael, ''Kant and the Exact Sciences'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992.}}
===Influentia super pensatores moderne===
[[File:DBP - 250 Jahre Immanuel Kant - 90 Pfennig - 1974.jpg|thumb|upright|Marca postalde [[Germania Occidental]], 1974, commemorante le 250me anniversario del nascentia de Kant]]
Con su ''Pace perpetue'', Kant es considerate como habente prefigurate multe del ideas que veniva a formar le [[theoria del pace democratic]], un del principal controversias in le [[scientia politic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ray|first=James Lee|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|title=Does Democracy Cause Peace?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|archive-date=17 February 2008|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|year=1998|volume=1|pages=27–46|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm |date=17 February 2008 }}</ref> Plus concretemente, le theorista constructivista [[Alexander Wendt]] proponeva que le anarchia del systema international pote evolver ab le anarchia hobbesian "brutal" comprendite per le theoristas realista, trans [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], per le anarchia lockean, e finalmente verso un anarchia kantian in le qual le estados vidererea lor interesses proprie como inseparabilemente ligate al benesser de altere estados, transformante assi le politica international in un forma multo plus pacific.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wendt |first=Alexander |title=Social Theory of International Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/socialtheoryofin0000wend_z8x6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |pages=chapter 6}}</ref>
Inter le kantians prominente recente se trova le philosophos britanno [[P. F. Strawson]],{{efn|Strawson, P.F., ''The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason''. Routledge: 2004. When first published in 1966, this book forced many Anglo-American philosophers to reconsider Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''.}} [[Onora O'Neill]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|title=Onora O'Neill Wins Holberg Prize for Academic Research|last=Aridi|first=Sara|date=14 March 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 January 2019|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109111404/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|url-status=live}}</ref> e [[Quassim Cassam]],<ref>Cassam, Q. ''The Possibility of Knowledge'' Oxford: 2009</ref> e le philosophos american [[Wilfrid Sellars]],<ref>Sellars, Wilfrid, ''Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes''. Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1967</ref> [[Lewis White Beck]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&q=lEWIS+wHITE+bECK#v=snippet&q=lEWIS%20wHITE%20bECK&f=false ''Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers''. Shook, John R. Ed. Thoemmes Continuum, Bristol], 2005 p. 166 {{ISBN|9781843710370}} Lewis White Beck on Google Books</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236806211_Lewis_White_Beck_on_Reasons_and_Causes "Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. ''Journal on the History of Ideas'' July, 2002 63 (3) pp. 539–548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net]</ref> e [[Christine Korsgaard]].{{efn|Korsgaard, Christine. ''Creating the Kingdom of Ends''. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.{{ISBN|978-0521496445}} ''Not a commentary, but a defense of a broadly Kantian approach to ethics''.}} A causa del influentia de Strawson e Sellars, inter alteres, il ha habite un renovate interesse in le conception de Kant del mente. Central a multe debattos in le [[philosophia del psychologia]] e le [[scientia cognitiv]] es le conception de Kant del unitate del conscientia.
[[Jürgen Habermas]] e [[John Rawls]] es duo importante philosophos politic e moral cuje obra es fortemente influentiate per le philosophia moral de Kant.{{efn|See Habermas, J. ''Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action''. Trans. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1996. For Rawls see, Rawls, John. ''Theory of Justice'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971. Rawls has a well-known essay on Kant's concept of good. See, Rawls, "Themes in Kant's Moral Philosophy" in ''Kant's Transcendental Deductions''. Ed. Eckart Förster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.}} Illes ha argomentate contra le [[relativismo]],<ref>Habermas, J. (1994): The Unity of Reason in the Diversity of Its Voices. In: Habermas, J. (Ed.): ''Postmetaphysical Thinking. Political Essays'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: 115–148.</ref> supportante le opinion kantian que le universalitate es essential a omne philosophia moral viabile. Le studio de [[Mou Zongsan]] super Kant ha essite citate como un parte multo crucial in le disveloppamento del philosophia personal de Mou, specialmente le [[Neo-confucianismo|Neo-confucianismo]]. Largemente considerate le studioso de Kant le plus influente in China, le critique rigorose de Mou del philosophia de Kant — habente traducite le tres [[Critica del ration pur|criticas]] de Kant — serviva como un attempto ardente de reconciliar le philosophia chinese e occidental durante que illo accresceva le pression pro [[Westernization|occidentalisation]] in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Palmquist |first1=Stephen |title=Cultivating Personhood: Kant and Asian Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm |url-access=limited |year= 2010 |publisher=De Gruyter, Inc. |location=Hong Kong |isbn=978-3110226249|page=[https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm/page/n43 25] |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wing-Cheuk |first1=Chan |title=Mou Zongsan's Transformation of Kant's Philosophy |journal=Journal of Chinese Philosophy |date=21 February 2006 |volume=33 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6253.2006.00340.x }}</ref>
[[File:Kant-Münze DDR.jpg|thumb|upright|Moneta commemorative del [[Germania Oriental|Germania Oriental]] in honor de Kant, 1974]]
A causa del profunditate del cambio de paradigma de Kant, su influentia se extende multo ultra isto a pensatores qui ni refere specificamente a su obra ni usa su terminologia. Le influentia de Kant se extendeva al scientias social, comportamental e physic — como in le sociologia de [[Max Weber]], le psychologia de [[Jean Piaget]] e [[Carl Jung]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Whether jung was a kantian? |journal=Con-Textos Kantianos |year=2016 |issue=4 |pages=118–126 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.2550828 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719 |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055819/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719_Whether_jung_was_a_kantian |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Kant and Jung on the prospects of Scientific Psychology |journal=Estudos Kantianos |year=2017 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=357–390 |doi=10.36311/2318-0501.2017.v5n1.26.p375 |url=https://philpapers.org/archive/BALIKA.pdf |doi-access=free |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref> Le obra de Kant super mathematica e cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' es etiam citate per le physico theoric [[Albert Einstein]] como un influentia precoce super su disveloppamento intellectual, ben que illo esseva un influentia que ille plus tarde criticava e rejectava.<ref>Isaacson, Walter. "Einstein: His Life and Universe". p. 20.</ref> In le annos 2020, il ha essite un interesse renovate in le theoria de Kant super le mente ab le puncto de vista del [[logica formal]] e del [[informatica]].<ref>Theodora Achourioti & Michiel van Lambalgen, 'A Formalization of Kant's Transcendental Logic', ''The Review of Symbolic Logic'', 4 (2011), 254–289.</ref>
===Lista de obras major===
Abbreviationes usate in le corpore del articulo es in '''grasse''' inter consolas. Salvo indication contraire, le pagination es celle del edition critic ''Akademie'', que pote esser trovate in le margines del traductiones de Cambridge.
* 1749: ''[[Pensamentos super le estimation ver de fortias vivente]]'' (''Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte'')
* 1755: ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]'' ['''UNH'''] ({{lang|de|Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels}})
* 1755: ''Breve esquisse de certe meditationes super le foco'' (''Meditationum quarundam de igne succinta delineatio'' ([[thesis de magistro]] sub [[Johann Gottfried Teske]])<ref>The thesis was submitted on 17 April 1755. "The public examination was held four weeks later on 13 May, and the degree was formally awarded on 12 June" (Eric Watkins, ''Kant: Natural Science'', Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 309).</ref><ref>Eric Watkins (ed.), ''Kant and the Sciences'', Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 27.</ref><ref>Martin Schonfeld, ''The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 74.</ref><ref>Available [[https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) online at Bonner Kant-Korpus] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) |date=6 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1755: ''Un nove elucidation del principios prime de cognition metaphysic'' (''Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio'' ([[thesis doctoral]]))<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 27 September 1755 (Kuehn 2001, p. 100).</ref>
* 1756: ''Le uso in philosophia natural de metaphysica combinate con geometria, parte I: Monadologia physic'' ['''PM'''] (''Metaphysicae cum geometrica iunctae usus in philosophia naturali, cuius specimen I. continet monadologiam physicam'', abbreviate como ''Monadologia Physica'' ([[thesis de habilitation]] como requisito pro un position de [[professor extraordinari]]))<ref>Kant's application for the position was unsuccessful. He defended it on 10 April 1756 (Kuehn 2001, p. 102).</ref>
* 1762: ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'' (''Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren'')
* 1763: ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]'' (''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'')
* 1763: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' ['''NQ'''] (''Versuch den Begriff der negativen Größen in die Weltweisheit einzuführen'')
* 1764: ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' ['''OFBS'''] (''Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen'')
* 1764: ''Essay super le morbo del capite'' (''Über die Krankheit des Kopfes'')
* 1764: ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (le ''Essay premiate'') ['''PNTM'''] (''Untersuchungen über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral'')
* 1766: ''[[Somnios de un visionario de spiritos]]'' ['''DSS'''] (''Träume eines Geistersehers'')<ref>Available [[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant](https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant) online at Archive.org].</ref>
* 1768: ''Super le fundamento ultime del differentiation del regiones in spatio'' [1768] (''Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume'')<ref>Immanuel Kant, [[https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) "Concerning the ultimate ground of the differentiation of directions in space"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) |date=16 July 2018 }}.</ref>
* 1770: ''Dissertation super le forma e principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile'' ['''ID'''] (''De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis'' [thesis doctoral])<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 21 August 1770 (Kuehn 2001, p. 189).</ref><ref>Available [[https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) online at Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) |date=3 August 2020 }}.</ref><ref>English translation available [[:s:Kant's Inaugural Dissertation of 1770|online at Wikisource]].</ref>
* 1775: ''Super le differente racias del homines'' (''Über die verschiedenen Rassen der Menschen'')
* 1781: Prime edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR A''']<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The](http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The) Critique of Pure Reason|publisher=Etext.library.adelaide.edu.au|access-date=24 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2](https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2) December 2008}}</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 1. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1783: ''[[Prolegomenos a omne metaphysica futur]]'' ['''PFM'''] (''Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik'')
* 1784: "[[Un responsa al question: Quid es le Illumination?]]" ['''WE?'''] ("''Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?''")<ref>{{cite web|author=Frank-Christian Lilienweihs|url=[http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklaerung?|publisher=Prometheusonline.de|date=10 June 1999|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 August 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1784: "[[Idea pro un historia universal con un fin cosmopolita]]" ['''UH'''] ("''Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht''")
* 1785: "Determination del concepto de un racia human" ['''DCHR'''] (''Bestimmung des Begriffs einer Menschenrace'')
* 1785: ''[[Fundamento del metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''G'''] (''Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten'')
* 1786: ''[[Fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural]]'' ['''MFNS'''] (''Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft'')
* 1786: "Que significa orientar se in le pensar?" ['''OT'''] ("''Was heißt: sich im Denken orientieren?''")
* 1786: ''[[Incipiente conjectural del historia human]]'' ['''CB'''] (''Mutmaßlicher Anfang der Menschengeschichte'')
* 1787: Secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR B''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique) of Pure Reason|publisher=Hkbu.edu.hk|date=31 October 2003|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=27 April 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 2. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|date=20 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=26 December 2005|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1788: ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' ['''CPracR'''] (''Kritik der praktischen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1790: ''[[Critica del judicio]]'' ['''CPJ'''] (''Kritik der Urteilskraft'')
* 1793: ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur]]'' ['''RBMR'''] (''Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft'')<ref name="KReligion"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion](http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion) within the Limits of Reason Alone by Immanuel Kant 1793|publisher=Marxists.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 June 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1793: ''Super le ancian proverbio: Que pote esser correcte in theoria, ma non functiona in le practica'' ['''TP'''] (''Über den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht für die Praxis'')
* 1795: ''[[Pace perpetue: un esquisse philosophic]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant, "Perpetual Peace"|publisher=Mountr Holyoke |access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}})</ref> ['''PP'''] ("''Zum ewigen Frieden''")<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel](http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel) Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden, 12.02.2004 (Friedensratschlag)|publisher=Uni-kassel.de|date=24 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=23 September 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1797: ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''MM'''] (''Metaphysik der Sitten''). Le prime parte es Le Doctrina del Jure, que ha sovente essite publicate separatemente como Le Scientia del Jure.
* 1798: ''[[Anthropologia desde un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' ['''APPV'''] (''Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht'')
* 1798: ''Conflictto del facultates'' ['''CF''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant](http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant), The Contest of Faculties|year=1798|publisher=Chnm.gmu.edu|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Der Streit der Fakultäten'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Der Streit der Facultäten – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1800: ''[[Logica]]'' (''Logik'')
* 1803: ''Super pedagogia'' (''Über Pädagogik'')<ref>Available [[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) online at DeutschesTextArchiv.de] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) |date=10 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1804: ''Opus Postumum'' ['''OP''']
* 1817: ''Lectiones super theologia philosophic'' (''Immanuel Kants Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre'', editate per K. H. L. Pölitz) [Le edition anglese de A. W. Wood & G. M. Clark (Cornell, 1978) es basate super le secunde edition de Pölitz, 1830, de iste lectiones.]{{efn|As noted by [[Allen W. Wood]] in his Introduction, p. 12. Wood further speculates that the lectures themselves were delivered in the Winter of 1783–84.}}
== Notas ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{Ref}}
== Bibliographia ==
=== Introduction ===
* [[Gottfried Gabriel]]: ''Kant. Eine kurze Einführung in das Gesamtwerk.'' UTB, Paderborn 2022, ISBN 978-3-8252-5793-4.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biographie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-498-02491-4.
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Immanuel Kant.'' UTB-Profile/A. Francke, Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7720-8393-8.
* Jean Grondin: ''Kant zur Einführung.'' 3. Auflage. Junius, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-88506-363-8.
* [[Otfried Höffe]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' 7. Auflage. Beck, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-45977-1.
* [[Heiner F. Klemme]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Campus, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-593-37185-5.
* Heiner F. Klemme, Ansgar Lorenz: ''Immanuel Kant. Philosophie für Einsteiger.'' Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7705-6044-8.
* [[Georg Römpp]]: ''Kant leicht gemacht.'' 2. Auflage. UTB/Böhlau, Köln/Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-8252-2707-4.
* Arno Schubbach: ''Immanuel Kant zur Einführung.'' Junius, Hamburg 2022, ISBN 978-3-96060-331-3.
=== Biographias ===
* [[Steffen Dietzsch]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Reclam, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-379-00806-0.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biografie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2005, ISBN 3-499-61365-4.
* Arsenij Gulyga: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-518-45568-0.
* {{BBKL | url=https://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629032840/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml |archivedate=2007-06-29 |autor=Karl Knauß|band=3|spalten=1020-1095}}
* Manfred Kühn: ''Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Beck, München 2004, ISBN 3-406-50918-5.
* [[Wolfgang Ritzel]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-11-010634-5.
* [[Uwe Schultz]]: ''Immanuel Kant in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.'' Erweiterte Neuauflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-499-50659-9.
* [[Karl Vorländer]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/vorlaender-kant.html Immanuel Kant. Der Mann und das Werk].'' Meiner, Leipzig 1924. (3., erweiterte Auflage, Meiner, Hamburg 1992; Reprint: Fourier, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-932412-18-4)
=== Generalitates ===
* [[Josef Bohatec]]: ''Die Religionsphilosophie Kants in der Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer theologisch-dogmatischen Quellen.'' Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1938. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1966)
* [[Ernst Cassirer]]: ''[http://www.archive.org/details/kantslebenundleh00cassuoft Kants Leben und Lehre].'' Berlin 1921. (Band 8 der ''Gesammelten Werke.'') Meiner, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7873-1408-3.
* [[Wolfgang Carl]]: ''Die transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-465-02532-6.
* [[Wolfgang Deppert]]: ''ZEIT – Die Begründung des Zeitbegriffs, seine notwendige Spaltung und der ganzheitliche Charakter seiner Teile.'' nz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-515-05219-4, S. 35–79
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Individualistische Wirtschaftsethik.'' Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-03585-3.
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Theorie der Wissenschaft.'' 4 Bände, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, ISBN 978-3658151232.
* [[Farah Dustdar]]: ''Vom Mikropluralismus zu einem makropluralistischen Politikmodell. Kants wertgebundener Liberalismus'' (= ''[[Beiträge zur politischen Wissenschaft]].'' Band 115). Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-09997-4.
* [[Julius Ebbinghaus]]: ''Gesammelte Aufsätze, Vorträge und Reden.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1968 (enthält die wichtigsten Aufsätze Ebbinghaus’ zu Kants theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie).
* [[Norbert Fischer (Philosoph)|Norbert Fischer]] (Hrsg.): ''Kant und der Katholizismus – Stationen einer wechselhaften Geschichte.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-28507-3.
* Norbert Fischer, [[Maximilian Forschner]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Gottesfrage in der Philosophie Immanuel Kants.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-30135-3.
* [[Volker Gerhardt]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Vernunft und Leben.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-018235-2.
* {{Literatur |Autor=Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Weber, Maja Schepelmann |Titel=Immanuel Kant 1724-2024: ein europäischer Denker|Verlag=De Gruyter Oldenbourg |Datum=2022 |Reihe=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa, 83 |ISBN=978-3-11-076281-5}}
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Wie ist Freiheit möglich? Eine Untersuchung über das Lösungspotenzial zum Determinismusproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Francke, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-7720-8360-0.
* Ina Goy: ''Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar, eine Lesart, eine historische Einordnung'' (= Kant-Studien, Ergänzunghefte, Bd. 190). de Gruyter, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-047110-6.
* Inan Goy (Hrsg.): ''Kant on proofs for God's existence.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-068890-0.
* Dietmar Heidemann, Kristina Engelhard (Hrsg.): ''Warum Kant heute? Systematische Bedeutung und Rezeption seiner Philosophie in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-11-017477-4.
* [[Otfried Höffe]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft.'' Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003576-5.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Königliche Völker. Zu Kants kosmopolitischer Rechts- und Friedenstheorie.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-518-29119-X.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Die Grundlegung der modernen Philosophie.'' Beck, München 2003, ISBN 3-406-50919-3.
* Dieter Hüning, Burkhard Tuschling (Hrsg.): ''Recht, Staat und Völkerrecht bei Immanuel Kant. Marburger Tagung zu Kants „Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Rechtslehre“.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-428-09602-9.
* [[Karl Jaspers]]: ''Kant. Leben, Werke, Wirkung.'' Piper, München 1975, ISBN 3-492-00424-5.
* [[Wolfgang Kersting]]: ''Wohlgeordnete Freiheit. Immanuel Kants Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie.'' 3., erweiterte und bearbeitete Auflage. Mentis-Verlag, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-89785-587-8.
* Nikolai F. Klimmek: ''Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen'' (= ''Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte.'' Band 147). De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-11-018349-8.
* [[Rudolf Langthaler]] und Magnus Striet: ''Vernunftreligion statt Kirchenglaube? Kants unerledigte Anfragen an die Theologie''. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2024, ISBN 978-3-451-02413-9.
* Darius Koriako: ''Kants Philosophie der Mathematik. Grundlagen – Voraussetzungen – Probleme.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7873-1429-6.
* Günter Lottes, Uwe Steiner (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant. German Professor and World-Philosopher. Deutscher Professor und Weltphilosoph.'' Wehrhahn, Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-86525-214-2.
* [[Werner Moskopp]]: ''Struktur und Dynamik in Kants Kritiken. Kantstudien Ergänzungshefte.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-021232-7.
* Roland Mugerauer: ''Immanuel Kants transzendentaler Kritizismus und die Frage nach Gott: eine orientierende Skizze.'' Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, Baden-Baden 2021, ISBN 978-3-8288-4711-8.
* Robert Nehring: ''Kritik des Common Sense: Gesunder Menschenverstand, reflektierende Urteilskraft und Gemeinsinn – der Sensus communis bei Kant.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-13161-7.
* [[Günther Patzig]]: ''Wie sind synthetische Urteile a priori möglich?'' In: Josef Speck (Hrsg.): ''Grundprobleme der großen Philosophen. Philosophie der Neuzeit II.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-03306-0.
* Jannis Pissis: ''Kants transzendentale Dialektik.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-028156-9.
* [[Hermann Schmitz (Philosoph)|Hermann Schmitz]]: ''Was wollte Kant?'' Bouvier, Bonn 1989, ISBN 3-416-02178-9.
* Jürgen Stolzenberg (Hrsg.): ''Kant in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017529-5.
* [[Dieter Sturma]], Karl Ameriks (Hrsg.): ''Kants Ethik.'' Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-89785-308-6.
* [[Werner Thiede]] (Hrsg.): ''Glauben aus eigener Vernunft? Kants Religionsphilosophie und die Theologie.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-56703-0.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]]: Kant: Die Revolution des Denkens. C. H. Beck, München 2023, ISBN 3-406-80743-7
=== Critica ===
* [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]]: ''Kritik der theoretischen Philosophie,'' Band [https://books.google.de/books?id=sAUHAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 1] und [https://books.google.de/books?id=Is8AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 2], Hamburg 1801 (als Kommentar zur ''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'' angelegt; Kritik vom Standpunkt des britischen Empirismus).
* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]: ''[http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schopenhauer,+Arthur/Die+Welt+als+Wille+und+Vorstellung/Erster+Band/Anhang.+Kritik+der+Kantischen+Philosophie Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie].'' In: ''[[Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]].'' (Erster Band. Anhang)
* [[Broder Christiansen]]: ''Kantkritik. 1. Teil. Kritik der kantischen Erkenntnislehre.'' Clauss und Feddersen, Hanau 1911.
* Bernward Gesang (Hrsg.): ''Kants vergessener Rezensent. Die Kritik der theoretischen und praktischen Philosophie Kants in fünf frühen Rezensionen von [[Hermann Andreas Pistorius]].'' In: ''Kant-Forschungen.'' Bd. 18, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7873-1823-0, S. XI ([http://books.google.de/books?id=ZvhA6H7a2j8C&pg=PR11 Digitalisat]).
* [[Otto Willmann]]: ''Geschichte des Idealismus, Band 3: Der Idealismus der Neuzeit.'' Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-03710-7 (Darin insbesondere: Kapitel XV: ''Die Subjektivierung des Idealen durch Kants Autonomismus'').
* [[Engelbert Recktenwald]]: ''Gott, Freiheit und moralisches Gesetz. Kritische Untersuchungen zur Ethik Kants''. Verlag Karl Alber, Baden-Baden 2025, ISBN 978-3-495-98957-9.
=== Opus postumum ===
* [[Erich Adickes]]: ''Kants Opus postumum dargestellt und beurteilt.'' Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1920 (Kant-Studien. Ergänzungshefte; Nr. 50).
* [[Kurt Hübner (Philosoph)|Kurt Hübner]]: ''Leib und Erfahrung in Kants Opus postumum.'' In: Gerold Prauss (Hrsg.): ''Kant: Zur Deutung seiner Theorie von Erkennen und Handeln.'' Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 1973, ISBN 3-462-00962-1, S. 192–204.
* Dina Emundts: ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im „Opus postumum“. Zur Rolle des Nachlasswerkes für die Grundlegung der empirischen Physik'' (= ''Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie.'' Band 62). De Gruyter, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-11-018052-9.
=== Instrumentos auxiliare ===
* [[Rudolf Eisler (Philosoph)|Rudolf Eisler]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/kant-lexikon.html Kant-Lexikon. Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlaß].'' Berlin 1930. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1984, ISBN 3-487-00744-4)
* [[Heinz Heimsoeth]]: ''Astronomisches und Theologisches in Kants Weltverständnis'' (= ''Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz.'' Jahrgang 1963, Nr. 9).
* [[Gerd Irrlitz]]: ''Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01234-4.
* ''Kant im Kontext.'' III: ''Werke, Briefwechsel, Nachlass und Vorlesungen auf CD-ROM.'' Komplettausgabe 2007 von Immanuel Kant. InfoSoftWare, ISBN 978-3-932094-29-3. (2., erw. Auflage. 2009)
* [[Rudolf Malter]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant in Rede und Gespräch.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7873-1382-6.
* [[Carl Christian Erhard Schmid]]: ''Wörterbuch zum leichtern Gebrauch der Kantischen Schriften.'' 4. Auflage Jena 1798 [http://books.google.de/books?id=3_YGAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Carl+Christian+Erhard+Schmid%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6v4sUdiSOYTk4QTy8oA4&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false (Google)]
* ''Immanuel Kant: Die drei Kritiken in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Gesamtwerk.'' Mit einem verbindenden Text zusammengefasst von Raymund Schmidt. Leipzig 1933.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]], Jürgen Stolzenberg, [[Georg Mohr (Philosoph)|Georg Mohr]], Stefano Bacin (Hrsg.): ''Kant-Lexikon.'' 3 Bände. De Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-017259-1.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Immanuel}}
[[Categoria:Philosophos]]
[[Categoria:Gente german]]
[[Categoria:Philosophos politic]]
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'''Immanuel Kant'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|k|æ|n|t}},<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223061940/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant |date=23 February 2026 }}. ''[[Collins English Dictionary|Dictionario anglese de Collins]]''.</ref><ref>[[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023143832/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant |date=23 October 2014 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Dictionario non-abbreviate de anglese de Random House Webster]]''.</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|n|t}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant|lang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|title=Immanuel|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055817/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|title=Kant|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182053/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|url-status=live}}</ref>}} (nasceva como '''Emanuel Kant'''; 22 april 1724 – 12 februario 1804) esseva un [[philosopho]] german. Nascite in [[Königsberg]] in le [[Regno de Prussia]], ille es considerate un del pensatores central del [[Illuminismo]]. Su obras comprehensive e systematic in [[epistemologia]], [[metaphysica]], [[logica]], [[ethica]], [[esthetica]], [[theoria politic]], e le [[philosophia del religion]] ha facite de ille un del figuras le plus influente e le plus discutite del [[philosophia occidental]] moderne.
Le philosophia de Kant es centrate super le subjecto human e motivate per le desiro de assecurar le possibilitate tanto del cognoscentia como del moralitate contra le menacias del [[scepticismo]] e del [[determinismo]]. In le ''[[Critica del ration pur|Critica del Ration Pur]]'' (1781/1787), Kant argumenta in favor de [[idealismo transcendental]], le doctrina que [[spatio]] e [[tempore]] es solmente "formas de [[Anschauung|intuition]]" ({{Langx|de|[[Anschauung]]|links=no}}) que structura tote le [[experientia]] e que nos ha cognoscentia solmente del "apparentias" e non del natura de [[Cosa in se|cosas in se mesme]]. Kant faceva un parallel con le [[Revolution copernican|Revolution copernican]] in su proposition de considerar le objectos del experientia como conforme al formas spatial e temporal de [[Anschauung|intuition]] del personas e al [[Categoria (Kant)|categorias]] del intellecto, in loco del methodo traditional de monstrar como le mente poterea conformar se a su objectos.
Kant credeva que le [[ration]] es le fonte del [[moralitate]] e que le [[imperativo categoric]] obliga tote agentes rational. Il credeva que le esthetica nasce de un facultate de judicio disinteressate. Kant sperava que le [[pace]] perpetue poterea esser assecurate per medio de un [[federation]] international de statos [[republicanismo|republican]] e per le [[multilateralismo|cooperation international]]. Kant credeva que le religion ver es fundate super le moralitate. Le natura exacte de su conceptiones religiose es un question disputate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasternack |first=Lawrence |date=March 2020 |title=On the Alleged Augustinianism in Kant’s Religion |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/kantian-review/article/abs/on-the-alleged-augustinianism-in-kants-religion/FE116D6118D49612EF6F3C4181EF2A74] |journal=Kantian Review |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1017/S1369415419000487 |issn=1369-4154}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palmquist |first=Stephen |last2=The Society of Christian Philosophers |date=1989 |title=Immanuel Kant: A Christian Philosopher? |url=https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol6/iss1/5|journal=Faith and Philosophy |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.5840/faithphil1989619 |issn=0739-7046}}</ref>
==Prime annos de vita==
Immanuel Kant nasceva le 22 april 1724 in un familia german prussian de fide [[Lutheranismo|lutheran]] in [[Königsberg]] in [[Prussia Oriental]] (hodie [[Oblast de Kaliningrad]], Russia). Su matre, Anna Regina Reuter, nasceva in Königsberg de un patre originari de [[Nuremberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |title=Cosmopolis |website=Koenigsberg-is-dead.de |date=23 April 2001 |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-date=22 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322094741/http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Su supernomine es a vices erroneemente date como Porter. Le patre de Kant, Johann Georg Kant, esseva un fabricante german de harneses originari de [[Klaipėda|Memel]],{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} al tempore le citate le plus nord-oriental de Prussia (hodie Klaipėda, Lituania). Kant credeva que su familia esseva de origine scotic, ben que isto non ha essite verificate per recerca genealogic.<ref>R. K. Murray, "The Origin of Immanuel Kant's Family Name", ''Kantian Review'' '''13'''(1), March 2008, pp. 190–193.</ref>
Kant esseva baptisate como Emanuel, cambiante le orthographia de su nomine a Immanuel post haber apprendite le [[lingua hebraic|hebraico]].{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} Il esseva le quarto de novem filios (sex del qual attingeva le etate adulte).<ref>{{cite web |last=Haupt |first=Viktor |title=Rede des Bohnenkönigs – Von Petersburg bis Panama – Die Genealogie der Familie Kant |url=https://www.freunde-kants.com/kopie-von-kant-war-ostpreusse-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015 |website=freunde-kants.com |page=7 |language=de |accessdate=25 August 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf }}</ref> Le familia Kant accentuava le valores [[Pietismo|pietistic]] de devotion religiose, humilitate, e un interpretation literal del [[Biblia]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Pasternack |first1=Lawrence |title=Kant's Philosophy of Religion |date=2020 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant-religion/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Spring 2020 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=25 February 2021 |last2=Fugate |first2=Courtney}}</ref> Le education initial de Immanuel Kant esseva stricte, punitive e multo disciplinate, con emphase super le [[latino]] e le [[instruction religiose]] plus tosto que super mathematica e scientia.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=47}}
In su annos posterior, Kant viveva un vita strictemente ordinate. On diceva que le vicinos poteva regular lor horologios sur su promenadas quotidian.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=14}} Kant considerava le matrimonio duo vices, primo con un vidua e pois con un femina de [[Westphalia]], ma in ambes occasiones ille expectava troppo longe.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=177}} Ben que ille nunquam se maritava, ille habeva totevia un vita social satisfaciente; ille esseva un docente popular e un autor modestemente prospere, mesmo ante de comenciar su obras philosophic major.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=169}}
===Studente juvene===
Kant demonstrava un aptitude precoce pro le studio. Il frequentava primo le [[Collegium Fridericianum]] (alora dirigite per [[Franz Albert Schultz]]), del qual il se diplomava al fin del estate de 1740. In 1740, a etate de 16 annos, il se inscribeva al [[Universitate de Königsberg]], ubi il remanerea plus tarde pro le resto de su vita professional.<ref>''Le American International Encyclopedia'' (New York: J.J. Little & Ives, 1954), Vol. IX.</ref> Il studiava le philosophia de [[Gottfried Leibniz]] e [[Christian Wolff (philosopho)|Christian Wolff]] sub [[Martin Knutzen]] (professor associate de Logica e Metaphysica ab 1734 usque a su morte in 1751), un [[rationalismo|rationalista]] qui esseva etiam familiar con le progressos in le philosophia e le scientia britannic e introduceva Kant al nove physica mathematic de [[Isaac Newton]]. Knutzen dissuadeva Kant del theoria del [[harmonia pre-stabilite]], quam ille considerava como "le cossino del mente pigre".<ref>{{cite book|title=Que le Testudo nos inseniava: Le historia del philosophia|url=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port|url-access=limited|last=Porter|first=Burton|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2010|page=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port/page/n145 133]}}</ref> Il dissuadeva etiam Kant del [[idealismo]], le idea que le realitate es purmente mental, un conception que le majoritate del philosophos del XVIIIe seculo considerava negativemente. Le theoria del [[idealismo transcendental]] que Kant includerea plus tarde in le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' esseva sviluppate partialmente in opposition al idealismo traditional. Kant habeva contactos con studentes, collegas, amicos e commensales qui frequentava le [[loge masonic]] local.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|title=Le francmasones in le Antique Prussia 1738–1806|language=de|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201119104900/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|archive-date=19 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Su principal [[editor]], [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]], esseva etiam un francmason.<ref name="buch-VlOi7fetEkAC-1044">Erich Donnert, ''Europa in le prime epocha moderne: Fontes incognite. Essays super le evolution, le precursores, le limites e le continuation del epocha moderne in e circa Europa. Indices del contento del volumines 1–6. Indice de personas del volumines 1–7.'' Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar 1997, ISBN 978-3-412-10702-4, p. 1044. [[https://books.google.de/books?id=VlOi7fetEkAC&pg=PA1044#v=onepage Google Books]</ref>
Le accidente vascular cerebral de su patre e su morte subsequente in 1746 interrumpeva su studios. Kant quitava Königsberg poco post augusto 1748;{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=94}} il retornava ibi in augusto 1754.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=98}} Il deveniva un tutor private in le citates circum Königsberg, ma continuava su recerca erudite. In 1749, il publicava su prime obra philosophic, ''[[Pensamentos super le ver estimation del vires vivente]]'' (scribite in 1745–1747).<ref>[[Eric Watkins (philosopho)|Eric Watkins]] (ed.), ''Immanuel Kant: Scientia natural'', Cambridge University Press, 2012: [http://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/63945/excerpt/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf "Pensamentos super le ver estimation..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307213516/http://assets.cambridge.org/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf |date=7 martio 2016 }}.</ref>
Durante le occupation russe de Königsberg durante le [[Guerra de Septem Annos]] (1758–1762), le situation financiari de Kant se meliorava, proque ille obteneva un numero de assignationes ben pagate como tutor ab officiales militar e administratores civil russe stationate in le citate. In decembre 1758, post le morte de Johann David Kypke, Kant faceva un petition al imperatrice [[Elisabeth de Russia|Elisabeth]] pro esser nominate al cathedra vacante de logica e metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg, ma le position esseva attribuite a un altere candidato.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuehn |first=Manfred |title=Kant: Un biographia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |pages=118–122}}</ref>
== Obra precoce ==
Kant es meliormente cognoscite pro su obras in le philosophia del etica e metaphysica, ma ille etiam contribueva significantemente a altere disciplinas. In 1754, durante que ille considerava un question pro un premio del [[Academia de Scientias de Prussia|Academia de Berlin]] concernente le problema del rotation del Terra, ille argumentava que le gravitation del Luna ralentisarea le rotation terrestre. Ille etiam proponeva le argumento que le gravitation eventualmente causarea que le [[blocage tidal|blocation tidal]] del [[Luna]] [[resonantia orbital|coincider]] con le rotation del Terra.{{efn|Kant ipse pare haber considerate su contribution non assatis importante pro publicar su argumentos in un commentario de jornal super le question del premio, e ille non los submitteva al Academia: {{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54018/page/n113/mode/2up|chapter=Si le Terra ha subite un alteration de su rotation axial|title=Le cosmogonia de Kant|translator-last=Hastie|translator-first=William|location=Glasgow|publisher=James Maclehose|orig-date=1754|year=1900|pages=1–11|access-date=29 martio 2022}}. Le premio esseva in vice attribuite in 1756 a P. Frisi, qui incorrectemente argumentava contra le ralentissement del rotation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schönfeld |first=Martin |title=Le philosophia del juvene Kant: Le projecto precritic|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=84 |isbn=978-0195132182 |year=2000 }}</ref>}}<ref name="nebulous">{{cite book|last=Brush|first=Stephen G.|title=Un historia del physica planetari moderne: Terra nebulose|year=2014|isbn=978-0521441711|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7 7]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7}}</ref> Le anno sequente, ille extendeva iste ratiocinio al [[formation e evolution del Systema Solar]] in su ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]''.<ref name="nebulous"/> In 1755, Kant recipeva un licentia pro docer al Universitate de Königsberg e comenciava a dar cursos super un varietate de themas, includente mathematica, physica, logica e metaphysica. In su essayo de 1756 super le theoria del ventos ("Nove remarcas pro un elucidation del theoria del ventos"), Kant presentava un perception qualitative de lo que es ora appellate [[fortia de Coriolis]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |author-link=Immanuel Kant |editor-last=Watkins |editor-first=Eric |title=Kant: Scientia natural|chapter=Nove notas pro explicar le theoria del ventos, in le qual, al mesme tempore, ille invita al frequentation de su cursos (1756)|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |pages=374–385 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139014380.012}}</ref>
In 1756, Kant etiam publicava tres articulos super le [[terremoto de Lisboa de 1755]].<ref>Vide:
*Kant, I. (1756a) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=448 "Del causas del tremores terrestre al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente"] [Super le causas del terremotos al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente] In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academia Regal Prussian de Scientias), ed.s (1902) ''Le scriptos colligite de Kant'' [Le scriptos colligite de Kant] (in german) Berlin, Germania: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.
*Kant, I. (1756b) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=460 "Historia e description natural del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra"] [Historia e description del natura del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra], ibid. pp. 429–461.
*Kant, I. (1756c) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=494 "Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le tremores terrestre observate desde alcun tempore"] [Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le terremotos que esseva sentite alcun tempore ante], ibid. pp. 463–472.
*Amador, Filomena (2004) "Le causas del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 in Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s. ''Actas del VIII Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas'' [Actas del Octave Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas] (in anglese) Logroño, Espania: Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas (Universitate de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.</ref> Le theoria de Kant, que involveva alterationes in enorme cavernas plen de gases calide, ben que incorrecte, esseva un del prime tentativas systematic de explicar terremotos in terminos natural in vice de terminos supernatural. In 1757, Kant comenciava a dar cursos de geographia, faciente de ille un del prime professores a inseniar explicitemente le geographia como subjecto independente.<ref name="Richards-1974">{{Cite journal|last=Richards|first=Paul|date=1974|title=Le geographia e le cartas mental de Kant|journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers|issue=61|pages=1–16|doi=10.2307/621596|jstor=621596| issn=0020-2754 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elden|first=Stuart|date=2009|title=Reconsiderar le geographia de Kant|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|language=en|volume=35|issue=1|pages=3–25|doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2008.06.001|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|access-date=27 septembre 2019|archive-date=1 augusto 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205430/http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Geographia esseva un del themas de curso le plus popular de Kant, e in 1802, un compilation per Friedrich Theodor Rink del notas de su cursos, ''Geographia physica'', esseva publicate. Post que Kant deveniva professor in 1770, ille amplificava le themas de su cursos pro includer cursos super [[derecto natural]], ethica e [[anthropologia]], insimul con altere themas.<ref name="Richards-1974" />
[[File:Kant wohnhaus 2.jpg|thumb|Le casa de Kant in Königsberg in un pictura de 1842]]
In le ''Historia natural universal'', Kant exponeva le [[hypothese nebular]], in le qual ille deduceva que le [[Systema Solar]] se habeva formate ex un grande nube de gas, un [[nebula]]. Kant etiam deduceva correctemente que le [[Via Lactea]] esseva un [[galaxia|grande disco de stellas]], del qual ille theorisava que illo se habeva formate ex un nube de gas rotante multo plus grande. Ille suggereva in plus que altere "nebulas" distante poterea esser altere galaxias. Iste postulationes aperiva nove horizontes pro le astronomia, pro le prime vice extendente su dominio ultra le systema solar verso le mundos galactic e intergalactic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=George|title=Un, duo, tres... Infinity|location=New York|publisher=Viking P.|date=1947|pages=300ff|title-link=Un, duo, tres... Infinity}}</ref>
De alora in ultra, Kant dedicava su effortios sempre plus al questiones philosophic, ben que ille continuava a scriber super le scientias durante tote su vita. Al initio del annos 1760, ille produceva un serie de obras importante in philosophia. ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'', un obra super logica, esseva publicate in 1762. Duo altere obras appareva le anno sequente: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' e ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]''. In 1764, Kant habeva devenite un autor popular notabile, e scribeva ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime e altere scriptos|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref>; ille esseva secunde a [[Moses Mendelssohn]] in un competition pro le premio del Academia de Berlin con su ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (often appellate "Le essay pro le premio"). In 1766, Kant scribeva un obra critic super ''Dreams of a Spirit-Seer'' de [[Emanuel Swedenborg]].
In 1770, Kant esseva nominate Professor Plen de Logica e Metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg. Pro defender iste nomination, Kant scribeva su [[dissertation inaugural]] ''Super le forma e le principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile''.{{efn|Pois que ille habeva scribite su ultime [[thesis de habilitation]] 14 annos ante, un nove thesis de habilitation esseva requirite (vide S. J. McGrath, Joseph Carew (eds.), ''Reconsiderar le idealismo german'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 24).}} Iste obra marcava le apparition de plure themas central de su obra matur, includente le distinction inter le facultates del pensamento intellectual e le receptivitate sensibile. Omitter iste distinction significarea committer le error de [[subreption]], e, como ille dice in le ultime capitulo del dissertation, solmente evitante iste error pote le metaphysica prosperar.
Ben que il es ver que Kant scribeva su maxime obras relativemente tarde in su vita, il existe un tendentia a subestimar le valor de su obras plus juvene. Le investigationes recente super Kant ha dedicate plus attention al iste scriptos "pre-critic", e ha recognoscite un certe grado de continuitate con su obra matur.<ref>Cf., per exemplo, Susan Shell, ''Le incarnation del ration'' (Chicago, 1996)</ref>
===Publication del ''Critica del Ration Pur''===
{{AP|Critica del Ration Pur}}
[[File:Painting of David Hume.jpg|thumb|Le philosophe [[David Hume]] per [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]]]]
A etate 46, Kant esseva un erudito establite e un philosopho de influentia crescente, e multo esseva expectate de ille. In correspondentia con su ex-studente e amico [[Markus Herz]], Kant admitteva que, in le dissertation inaugural, ille habeva fallite explicar le relation inter nostre facultates sensibile e intellectual.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watkins|first=Erik|title=Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: Background Source Materials|url=https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0521781626|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2/page/276 276]}}</ref> Ille debeva explicar como nos combina lo que es cognoscite como cognition sensorial con le altere typo de cognition —id es, cognition rational— iste duo essente relationate ma habente processos multo differente. Kant attribueva etiam a [[David Hume]] le facto de haber le eveliate de un "{{vanchor|somno dogmatic}}" in le qual ille habeva acceptate sin questionar le principios de religiose e de [[natural philosophy|philosophia natural]].<ref name="Smith-1952"><nowiki>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Homer W.|url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man) and His Gods|location=New York|publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]]|year=1952|page=[[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404<nowiki>) 404]|author-link=Homer W. Smith|url-access=registration}}</nowiki></ref><ref>Kant, ''PFM'' 4:260</ref> Hume, in su ''[[Treatise on Human Nature]]'' de 1739, habeva argumentate que le personas cognosce le mente solmente per un serie subjective, essentialmente illusori, de perceptiones. Ideas como [[causalitate]], [[moralitate]] e [[Objecto (philosophia)|objectos]] non es evidente in le experientia, dunque lor realitate pote esser questionate. Kant pensava que le ration poteva remover iste scepticismo, e ille se proponeva resolver iste problemas. Ben que amante del compania e conversation con alteres, Kant se isolava e resisteva al tentativas de su amicos de retirar le de su isolation.{{efn|In 1778, in responsa a un de iste propositiones per un ex-discipulo, Kant scribeva: "Cata cambiamento me rende apprehensive, mesmo si illo offere le plus grande promissa de meliorar mi condition, e io es persuadite per iste instincto natural mie que io debe esser prudente si io vole que le filos que le Destino fila assi tenue e debile in mi caso continua a esser filate durante alicun longor. Mi grande gratias a mi benvolentes e amicos, qui pensa de me con tanta benevolentia que illes se occupa de mi benesser, ma al mesme tempore un requesta multo humile de proteger me in mi condition actual contra omne perturbation." <ref>Christopher Kul-Want and Andrzej Klimowski, ''Introducing Kant'' (Cambridge: Icon Books, 2005). {{ISBN|978-1840466645}}</ref>}} Quando Kant emergeva de su silentio in 1781, le resultato esseva le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', imprimite per [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]]. Kant respondeva al [[empiricismo]] de Hume affirmante que alcun cognition existe inherentemente in le mente, independente del experientia.<ref name="Smith-1952" /> Ille traheva un parallel con le [[Revolution Copernican]] in su proposition que le objectos del mundo pote esser intuite ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'', e que le [[Anschauung|intuition]] es consequentemente distincte del [[Objectivitate (philosophia)|realitate objective]]. Forsan le question le plus directemente disputate esseva le argumento de Hume contra omne connexion necessari inter eventos causales, que Hume characterizava como le "cemento del universo". In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant argumenta in favor de lo que ille considera le justification ''a priori'' de tal connexion necessari.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A188-211/B233-56</ref>
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Johann Christoph Frisch.jpg|left|thumb|Portraito de Kant per [[Johann Christoph Frisch]], post Johann Gottlieb Becker, {{circa|1770}}]]
Ben que hodie recognoscite como un del maximo grande obras in le historia del philosophia, le ''Critique'' disappunctava le lectores de Kant al momento de su publication initial.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dorrien|first=Gary|title=Kantian Reason and Hegelian Spirit: The Idealistic Logic of Modern Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=978-0470673317|location=Malden, MA|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr/page/37 37]}}</ref> Le libro esseva longe, con plus de 800 paginas in le edition original in germano, e scribite in un stilo complicate. Kant esseva multo contristate per su reception.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=250–254}} Su ex-studente [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] criticava le obra pro poner le ration como un entitate digne de critica per se, in vice de considerar le processo de ratiocinio in le contexto del linguage e del personalitate integre de un persona.<ref>[[Frederick Copleston|Copleston, Frederick Charles]] (2003). ''The Enlightenment: Voltaire to Kant''. p. 146.</ref> Simile a [[Christian Garve]] e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Johann Georg Heinrich Feder]], ille rejectava le position de Kant que spatio e tempore possede un forma que pote esser analysate. Garve e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Feder]] etiam criticava le ''Critique'' pro non explicar le differentias in le perception de sensationes.<ref>Sassen, Brigitte. ''Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy''. 2000.</ref> Su densitate lo rendeva, como Herder diceva in un littera a [[Johann Georg Hamann]], un "nucleo dur a rumper", obscurate per "tote iste pesante tela de aranea".<ref>''Ein Jahrhundert deutscher Literaturkritik'', vol. III, ''Der Aufstieg zur Klassik in der Kritik der Zeit'' (Berlin, 1959), p. 315; as quoted in Gulyga, Arsenij. ''Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought''. Trans. Marijan Despaltović. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1987.</ref> Su reception contrastava fortemente con le laudes que Kant habeva recipite pro obras anterior, como su ''Essay del Premio'' e le obras plus breve que precedeva le prime ''Critique''. Recognoscente le necessitate de clarificar le tractato original, Kant scribeva le ''[[Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics]]'' in 1783 como un summario de su opiniones principal. Poco postea, le amico de Kant [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]] (1739–1805), un professor de mathematica, publicava ''Explicationes del Professor Kant super le Critique del Ration Pura'' (Königsberg, 1784), que esseva un breve ma multo exacte commentario super le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=268–269}}
Le reputation de Kant cresceva gradualmente durante le ultime parte del decennio 1780, stimulate per un serie de obras importante: le essay de 1784, "[[Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?]]"; le ''[[Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals]]'' de 1785 (su prime obra super philosophia moral); e le ''[[Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science]]'' de 1786. Le fama de Kant finalmente veniva de un fonte inesperate. In 1786, [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]] publicava un serie de litteras public super le philosophia kantian. In iste litteras, Reinhold presentava le philosophia de Kant como un responsa al controverse intellectual central del epocha: le [[controversia del pantheismo]]. [[Friedrich Jacobi]] habeva accusate le recentemente defuncte [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] (un distinguite dramaturgo e essayista philosophic) de [[Spinozism]]. Un tal accusation, equivalente a un accusation de atheismo, esseva energicamente negate per le amico de Lessing, [[Moses Mendelssohn]], e isto conduceva a un dispute public acerbe inter partisanos. Le controversia gradualmente se transformava in un debatto super le valores del [[Illuminismo]] e le valor del ration. Reinhold manteneva in su litteras que le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant poteva resolver iste disputa per defender le autoritate e le limites del ration. Le litteras de Reinhold esseva multo legite e faceva de Kant le philosopho le plus famose de su epocha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guyer|first=Paul|title=The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0521823036|location=Cambridge, UK|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5/page/631 631]}}</ref>
== Opera posterior ==
Kant publicava un secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' in 1787, profundemente revidente le prime partes del libro. Le major parte de su obra subsequente se concentrava super altere areas del philosophia. Il continuava a disveloppar su philosophia moral, specialmente in le ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' de 1788 (cognoscite como le secunde ''Critica''), e le ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' de 1797. Le ''[[Critica del potentia del judicio]]'' de 1790 (le tertie ''Critica'') applicava le systema kantian al [[esthetica]] e al [[teleologia]]. In 1792, le tentativa de Kant de publicar le Secunde del quatro partes de ''[[Religion intra le limites del simple ration]]'',<ref name="KReligion">Werner S. Pluhar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Religion intra le limites del simple ration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304020309/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 |date=4 martio 2020 }}''. 2009. [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC Description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201192948/https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Within_the_Bounds_of_Bare_Reaso.html%3Fid%3Dda8RrM-qkiwC |date=1 februario 2020 }} & [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Contento.] Con un [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803085237/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 |date=3 augusto 2020 }} de Stephen Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company,</ref> in le revista ''Berlinische Monatsschrift'', incontrava opposition del [[Frederico Gulielmo II de Prussia|rege]] [[censura|commission de censura]], que habeva essite establite le mesme anno in le contexto del [[Revolution francese]]. Kant arrangiava alora que le quatro partes esseva publicate como un libro, transmittente lo per le departamento de philosophia del [[Universitate de Jena]] pro evitar le necessitate de censura theologic. Iste insubordination valeva a ille un reprimenda, ora famose, del rege. Quando ille nihilominus publicava un secunde edition in 1794, le censor esseva tanto irate que ille arrangiava un decreto royal que exigeva que Kant nunquam plus publicava ni parlava publicamente super religion. Kant publicava alora su responsa al reprimenda del rege e explicava se mesme in le prefacio de ''[[Le conflicto del facultates]]'' (1798).
[[File:Kant doerstling2.jpg|thumb|Kant con amicos, includente [[Christian Jakob Kraus]], [[Johann Georg Hamann]], [[Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel le Senior|Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel]], e [[Karl Gottfried Hagen]]]]
Il etiam scribeva un numero de essayos semi-popular super historia, religion, politica, e altere themas. Iste obras esseva ben recipite per le contemporaneos de Kant e confirmava su stato preeminente in le philosophia del [[seculo XVIII]]. Il habeva plure revistas dedicate exclusivemente a defender e criticar le philosophia kantian. Nonobstante su successo, le tendentias philosophic se moveva in un altere direction. Plure del discipulos e sequaces le plus importante de Kant (includente [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], [[Jakob Sigismund Beck]], e [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]) transformava le position kantian. Le etapas progressive del revision del doctrinas de Kant marcava le emergentia del [[idealismo german]]. In un de su ultime actos in explication de un position super questiones philosophic, Kant se opponeva a iste disveloppamentos e denunciava publicamente Fichte in un carta aperte in 1799.<ref name="Fichte">{{cite web|url=http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|title=Carta aperte de Kant denuncianti le philosophia de Fichte|language=de|website=Korpora.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719150635/http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1800, un studente de Kant nominate Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762–1842) publicava un manual de [[logica]] pro docentes appellate ''[[Logica]]'', que ille habeva preparate al demanda de Kant. Jäsche preparava le ''Logica'' usante un copia de un manual de logica de [[Georg Friedrich Meier]] appellate ''[[Excerption del doctrina del ration]]'', in le qual Kant habeva scribite copiose notas e annotationes. Le ''Logica'' ha essite considerate de importantia fundamental pro le philosophia de Kant e pro su comprehension. Le grande logico del [[seculo XIX]] [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] remarcat, in un recension incomplete del traduction anglese de Thomas Kingsmill Abbott del introduction al ''Logica'', que "tote le philosophia de Kant gira circa su logica."<ref>Peirce, C.S., ''[[Collecte de documentos de Charles Sanders Peirce]]'', v. 1, (HUP, 1960), 'Kant e su refutation del idealismo' p. 15
</ref> De plus, [[Robert S. Hartman]] e Wolfgang Schwarz scribeva in le introduction del traductores a lor traduction anglese del ''Logica'': "Su importantia reside non solmente in su signification pro le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'', cuje secunde parte es un reformulation de principios fundamental del ''[[Logica]]'', ma etiam in su position intra le totalitate del obra de Kant."<ref>Kant, Immanuel, ''[[Logica]]'', G.B. Jäsche (ed.), R.S. Hartman, W. Schwarz (traductores), Indianapolis, 1984, p. xv.</ref>
== Morte e sepultura ==
Le salute de Kant, sempre precari, se deteriorava. Il moriva in Königsberg le 12 februario 1804, habeva pronunciate ''Es ist gut'' ("Es es bon") ante su morte.<ref>Karl Vorländer, ''Immanuel Kant: Der Mann und das Werk'', Hamburg: Meiner, 1992, p. II 332.</ref> Su ultime obra incomplite esseva publicate como ''[[Opus Postume]]''. Kant faceva sempre un figura curioso durante su vita per su habitos modeste e rigorosemente planificate, que esseva describite como regular como un horologio. [[Heinrich Heine]] observava le magnitude de su "pensamentos destructive, que fracassava le mundo" e le considerava un sorta de "executionator" philosophic, comparante le con [[Maximilien Robespierre]] con le observation que ambe "representava al plus alte grado le typo del burgese provincial. Natura los habeva destinate a pesar caffe e zucchero, ma le Fato determinava que illes deberea pesar altere cosas e poneva sur le balancia de un un rege, e sur le balancia del altere un deo."<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |title=Heine sur Immanuel Kant |access-date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Quando su corpore esseva transferite a un nove loco de sepultura, su cranio esseva mesurate durante le exhumation e trovate esser plus grande que le medie del viros german, con un fronte "alte e large".<ref>''Examined Lives, From Socrates to Nietzsche'', James Miller p. 284</ref> Su fronte ha essite un objecto de interesse desde que illo deveniva ben cognoscite per su portraits: "In le portrait de Döbler e in le reproduction fidel, ben que expressionistic, de Kiefer, como etiam in multe altere portraits de Kant del fin del [[seculo XVIII]] e del initio del [[seculo XIX]], le fronte es remarquabilemente grande e decidite in retro."<ref>Immanuel Kant e le frontieras del historia del arte, Mark Cheetham, in ''Le subjectos del historia del arte: objectos historic in perspectivas contemporanee'', p. 16</ref>
[[File:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img05 Kant Island.jpg|upright|thumb|Le tumba de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia]]
Le [[mausoleo]] de Kant adjunge le angulo nord-est del [[Catedral de Königsberg]] in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Le mausoleo esseva construite per le architecto [[Friedrich Lahrs]] e completate in 1924, a tempore pro le bicentenario del nascentia de Kant. Originarimente, Kant esseva sepelite intra le cathedral, ma in 1880 su restos esseva transferite a un cappella [[neo-gothic]] adjacente al angulo nord-est del cathedral. Durante le annos, le cappella deveniva in mal stato e esseva demolite pro facer loco al mausoleo, que esseva construite in le mesme loco. Le tumba e su mausoleo es inter le poc artefactos del epocha german que esseva preservate per le [[Sovietes]] post que illes capturava le citate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar](http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar) Königsberg: un citate russe reguarda su radices german|last=Beyer|first=Susanne|date=25 July 2014|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=3 February 2018|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
In le [[seculo XXI]], multe nove maritos porta flores al mausoleo. Artefactos anteriormente possedite per Kant, cognoscite como ''Kantiana'', esseva includite in le [[Museo del citate de Königsberg]]; tamen, le museo esseva destruite durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]]. Un replica del statua de Kant que, durante le epocha german, stava ante le edificio principal del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], esseva donate per un entitate german al initio del annos 1990 e placiate in le mesme terreno. Post le [[Expulsion e fuga del germanos (1944–1950)|expulsion]] del population german de Königsberg al fin del Secunde Guerra Mundial, le Universitate de Königsberg, ubi Kant inseniava, esseva reimplaciate per le [[Universitate de Stato de Kaliningrad]] de lingua russe, que se appropriava del campus e del edificios supervivente. In 2005, le universitate esseva renominate [[Universitate de Stato Immanuel Kant de Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zieliński |first=Miłosz J. |date=2018 |title=Le futuro de Kant: Debattos super le identitate del Oblast de Kaliningrad |url=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305) |journal=Slavic Review |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=937–956 |doi=10.1017/slr.2018.291 |jstor=26644305 |issn=0037-6779|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Le cambio de nomine, considerate un question cargate politic, a causa del sentimentos mixta del residentes super su passato german,<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2005 |title=Kaliningrad lotta con su hereditage german |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700](https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=DW News }}</ref> esseva annunciate durante un ceremonia al qual assisteva le presidente russe [[Vladimir Putin]] e le cancellero german [[Gerhard Schröder]],<!--http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/33684/photos--><ref>{{cite news |last=Dempsey |first=Judy |date=1 July 2005 |title=Enclave russe arriva in un dispute diplomatic |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2005 |title=Iran como thema del reunion al Mar Baltic |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921](https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921) |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Agence-France Press|via=DW News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ypi |first=Lea |date=20 April 2024 |title=Kant e le argumento pro le pace |url=[https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07](https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07) |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766}}</ref> e le universitate formava un [[Societate Kantian]], dedicate al studio del [[kantianismo]]. In 2010, le universitate esseva ancora renominate [[Universitate Federal Baltic Immanuel Kant]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Decreto executive super le establimento del Universitate Immanuel Kant |url=[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234)<!--http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/1131--> |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Presidente de Russia}}</ref>
== Philosophia<!--'Kantianism', 'Kantian', and 'Kantian philosophy' redirect here-->==
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Emanuel Bardou, view 2, Berlin, 1798, marble - Bode-Museum - DSC02884.JPG|thumb|Busto de Kant per [[Emanuel Bardou]], 1798]]
Como multe de su contemporaneos, Kant esseva profundemente impressionate per le progressos scientific facite per [[Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]] e alteres. Iste nove evidentia del potentia del ration human poneva in question pro multe personas le autoritate traditional del politica e religion. In particular, le vision mecanic moderne del mundo poneva in question le possibilitate mesme del moralitate; nam, si il non existe alcun agentia, il non pote haber responsabilitate.<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' Bxxviii–Bxxx</ref>{{sfn|di Giovanni|2005}}
Le objectivo del projecto critic de Kant es de assecurar le autonomia human, le base del religion e del moralitate, contra iste menacia del mechanismo — e de facer lo in un maniera que preserva le progressos del scientia moderne.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §2.1}} In le ''Critica del Ration Pura'', Kant summarisa su preoccupationes philosophic in le sequente tres questiones:
# Que pote io cognoscer?
# Que debe io facer?
# Que pote io sperar?<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A804–05/B833</ref>
Le ''[[Critica del Ration Pura]]'' se concentra super le prime question e aperi un spatio conceptual pro un responsa al secunde question. Illo argumenta que, ben que nos non pote strictemente ''saper'' que nos es libere, nos pote — e pro fines practic debe — ''pensar'' nos mesme como libere. In le proprie parolas de Kant: «Io debeva negar le cognoscentia pro facer loco al fide.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxxx</ref> Le philosophia moral de Kant es ulteriormente disveloppate in le ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', le ''[[Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', e le ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]''.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023}}
Le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del Potentia de Judicar]]'' sustene que nos pote rationalmente sperar le unitate harmoniose del dominios theoric e practic tractate in le prime duo ''Criticas'', sur le base de nostre experientia affective del beltate natural e, plus generalmente, del organisation [[Teleologia in biologia|teleologic]] del mundo natural.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=6–8}} In ''[[Religion intra le Limites del Simple Ration|Religion intra le Limites del Pura Ration]]'', Kant tenta completar su responsa al tertie question argumentante pro un forma rationalista de religion fundate super nostre vitas practic (i.e., moral).<ref>di Giovanni, George. (1996) "Translator's Introduction", In ''Religion and Rational Theology''. Cambridge University Press. p.49, citing Kant in correspondence with Stäudlin.</ref>
Iste obras omnes pone le [[subjecto (philosophia)|subjecto]] human active e rational al centro del mundos cognitive e moral. In breve, Kant argumenta que le [[mente]] mesme apporta necessariemente un contribution constitutive al [[cognition|cognoscentia]], que iste contribution es transcendental plus tosto que psychologic, e que ager autonomemente significa ager secundo principios moral rational.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020}}
=== Le projecto critic de Kant ===
{{vide etiam|Critica del Ration Pura}}
[[File:Kant017.jpg|thumb|Kant per [[Carle Vernet]]]]
Le ''Critica del Ration Pura'' de 1781 (revise in 1787) ha sovente essite citate como le obra le plus significative de metaphysica e [[epistemologia]] in le philosophia moderne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohlf |first=Michael |title=Immanuel Kant |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191114014720/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |archive-date=14 November 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=[[Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford]]}}</ref> In le prime ''Critica'', e etiam in obras posterior, Kant formula le «problema general» e le «problema real del ration pura» in terminos del sequente question: «Como es possibile judicios synthetic ''a priori''?»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B135</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=51}} Pro comprender iste assertion, il es necessari definir alcun terminos. Primo, Kant face un distinction inter duo fontes de cognoscentia:
# Cognoscientias ''a priori'': «cognoscentia independente de tote experientia e mesmo de tote le impression del sensos».
# Cognoscientias ''a posteriori'': cognoscentias que ha lor fontes in le experientia — isto es, que es empiric.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B1–3</ref>
Secundo, ille face un distinction inter duo typos de judicios:
# Judicios analytic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Tote le celibes es non-maritate», o «Tote le corpores es extendite». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de clarification».
# Judicios synthetic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato non es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Alcun celibes es sol», «Tote le cygnos es blanc», o «Tote le corpores ha peso». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de amplification».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A6–8/B10–12</ref>
Tote le judicios analytic es ''a priori'', proque le experientia non es necessari pro analysar le contento de un concepto que nos ja possede.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B11</ref> In contrasto, un judicio synthetic es un judicio cuje concepto del predicato contine alco que non se trova in le concepto del subjecto. Le exemplos le plus evidente de judicio synthetic es judicios fundate super observationes empiric.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} Le duo typos de cognoscentia e le duo typos de judicio produce un tabella a quatro divisiones:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tabella de Judicios
!
!A priori
!A posteriori
|-
|'''Analytic'''
|analytic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Tote le corpores es extendite.»)
|analytic ''a posteriori'' (impossibile)
|-
|'''Synthetic'''
|synthetic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Cata effecto ha un causa.»)
|synthetic ''a posteriori'' (p.ex., «Le systema solar ha octo planetas.»)
|}
Kant credeva que le philosophos anterior habeva negligite le judicios synthetic ''a priori'', e habeva accordate attention solmente al judicios analytic ''a priori'' e synthetic ''a posteriori''. [[David Hume]], per exemplo, credeva que tote le cognoscentia es o «relationes de ideas» (que es analytic ''a priori'') o «questiones de facto» (que es synthetic ''a posteriori'').<ref>Hume, David. ''An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding''. Section 4; Part 1.</ref> Le taxonomia de Hume exclude le synthetic ''a priori''. Ma, stabiliente le synthetic ''a priori'' como un tertie typo de judicio, Kant crede que nos pote resister al scepticismo de Hume concernente a questiones como causalitate e le cognoscentia metaphysic plus generalmente. Isto es proque, a differentia de judicios simplemente ''a posteriori'', le judicios ''a priori'' ha «universalitate ver o stricte» e include un assertion de «necessitate».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B3–4</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} E, a differentia de assertiones simplemente analytic, le judicios synthetic extende nostre cognoscentia ultra le concepto del subjecto. Isto significa que monstrar como judicios synthetic ''a priori'' es possibile equivale a monstrar como un cognoscentia substantiv super le characteristicas necessari del mundo es possibile.
Kant mesme considera incontroverse le facto que nos ha cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' — specialmente in mathematica. Considera le proposition «7 + 5 = 12». Kant asserta que le concepto de «12» non es continente in le conceptos de «5», «7» e del operation de addition.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B14–17</ref> Tamen, ben que ille considera le possibilitate de tal cognoscentia como evidente, Kant assume nihilominus le carga de monstrar como tal cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' in mathematica e le scientias natural es possibile, e in le Dialectica Transcendental attacca le possibilitate de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' del metaphysica traditional. Le objectivo duple del ''Critica'' es tanto ''probar'' como ''explicar'' le possibilitate de iste cognoscentia.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=55}} Kant dice: «Il ha duo truncos del cognoscentia human, que forsan pote provenir de un radice commun ma pro nos incognite, namely le sensibilitate e le intellecto, per le prime del qual objectos nos es ''date'', ma per le secunde illos es ''pensate''.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A15/B29, emphases added</ref>
Le termino de Kant pro le objecto del sensibilitate es «intuition», e su termino pro le objecto del intellecto es «concepto». In terminos general, le prime es un representation non-discursive de un objecto ''particular'', e le secunde es un representation discursive (o mediate) de un ''typo general'' de objecto.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=32, 61}} Le conditiones del experientia possibile require tanto intuitiones como conceptos, i.e., le affection del sensibilitate receptive e le potentia activemente synthesizante del intellecto.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.12}}{{efn|Plus technicamente, Kant exprime su puncto general que tote cognoscentia authentic require tanto input sensorial como organisation intellectual dicente que tote cognoscentia require tanto «intuitiones» como «conceptos» (p.ex., A 50 / B 74). Intuitiones e conceptos es duo species differente del genere «representation» (''Vorstellung''), le termino le plus general de Kant pro omne stato cognitive (vide A 320 / B 376–7). Al initio del «Esthetica Transcendental», Kant declara que un «intuition» es nostre typo le plus directe o «immediate» de representation de objectos, in contrasto con un «concepto» que representa sempre un objecto «per un detour (''indirecte'')» — isto es, simplemente per alicun «marca» o proprietate que le objecto possede (A 19 / B 33). In su manual de logica, Kant defini un intuition como un «representation ''singular''» — isto es, un que representa un objecto particular — dum un concepto es sempre un «''universal'' (''repraesentatio per notas communes'')», que representa proprietates commun a multe objectos (''Logic'', §1, 9:91).{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=60–61}}}} Dunque le assertion: «Pensamentos sin contento es vacue, intuitiones sin conceptos es cec.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A51/B75</ref> Le strategia basic de Kant in le prime parte del ''Critica del Ration Pura'' consistera in argumentar que certe intuitiones e conceptos es pur — isto es, illos es apportate integremente per le mente, independente de omne cosa empiric. Le cognoscentia generate super iste base, sub certe conditiones, pote esser synthetic ''a priori''. Iste insight es cognoscite como le «Revolution Copernican» de Kant, proque justo como Copernico faceva progressar le astronomia per un cambiamento radical de perspectiva, assi Kant pretende hic facer le mesme pro le metaphysica.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxvi–xviii</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.2}} Le secunde parte del ''Critica'' es le parte explicitamente ''critic''. In le «Dialectica Transcendental», Kant argumenta que multe del assertiones del metaphysica rationalista traditional viola le criterios que ille pretende establir in le prime parte, «constructive», de su libro, e conduce inevitabilemente a contradictiones.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=2(g)}}{{sfn|Guyer|2014|loc=ch. 4}} Tamen, como Kant observa, «le ration human, sin esser movite per le simple vanitate de saper toto, inexorabilemente perseque, impulsate per su proprie besonio, tal questiones que non pote esser respondite per ulle uso experientiale del ration».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B21</ref> Le projecto del ''Critica'' es establir usque a qual puncto le ration pote legitime perseverar in tal direction.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi–xii</ref>
=== Doctrina del idealismo transcendental ===
{{vide etiam|Idealismo transcendental}}
In le section del ''Critica'' intitulate «Le Esthetica Transcendental», Kant argumenta in favor del doctrina del [[idealismo transcendental]]. Le doctrina es «transcendental» proque illo explica un condition necessari pro le possibilitate del experientia e es un forma de «idealismo» proque ille conditiones depende de characteristicas del mente. Le detalios del interpretation correcte del idealismo transcendental es controversate, ma existe un large accordo super duo theses basic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(d)}} Primo, le spatio e le tempore non es ''cosas in se mesme'', ma simple formas de intuition (le spatio es le forma del intuition ''externe'', e le tempore es le forma del intuition ''interne''). Secundo, nos ha cognoscentia solmente del ''apparentias'' e non del cosas in se mesme. Le secunde these, secundo Kant, seque del prime: proque nostre formas ''a priori'' de intuition es conditiones necessari del possibilitate del experientia, omne cosa que cade foras de lo que nostre facultate sensibile pote reciper es incognoscibile. {{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}}<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A43/B59–60, A369</ref>
Nihilominus, ben que Kant dice que le spatio e le tempore es «transcendentalmente ideal» — le ''formas pur'' del sensibilitate human, plus tosto que parte del natura o del realitate como illo es in se mesme — ille asserta etiam que illos es «empiricamente real», per lo que ille vole dicer «que “tote lo que pote presentar se a nos externemente como un objecto” es tanto in le spatio como in le tempore, e que nostre intuitiones interne de nos mesme es in le tempore».<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A28/B44, A34–35/B51–51</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}} Qualcunque sia le interpretation del doctrina de Kant, ille voleva distinguer su position del [[idealismo subjective]] de [[George Berkeley]].{{sfn|Stang|2022|loc=§2.3}}
[[Paul Guyer]], ben que critic de multe del argumentos de Kant in iste section, scribe super le Esthetica Transcendental que illo «non solmente pone le prime petra del theoria constructive del cognoscentia de Kant; illo etiam pone le fundamento tanto pro su critica como pro su reconstruction del metaphysica traditional. Illo argumenta que tote cognoscentia authentic require un componente sensorial, e assi que assertiones metaphysic que transcende le possibilitate de confirmation sensorial non pote jammais esser cognoscentia.»{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=60}}
==== Disaccordos interpretative ====
Un interpretation, cognoscite como le interpretation del «duo aspectos» (o «un sol mundo»), considera le idealismo transcendental como, fundamentalmente, un these ''epistemologic''. Secundo iste lectura de Kant, popularisate specialmente per [[Henry E. Allison]], le [[cosa in se mesme]] e le apparentia phenomenal es le mesme objecto, e le idealismo transcendental es un these super lo que es necessari pro mentes finite e discursive pro ''considerar'' objectos tal como illos es date a nos per le sensibilitate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Henry E. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense |year=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300102666 |pages=11-19}}</ref> Alcun commentatores,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allais |first=Lucy |title=Manifest Reality: Kant's Idealism and his Realism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780198747130}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Langton |first=Rae |title=Kantian humility: our ignorance of things in themselves |date=2004 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924317-4 |edition=Reprinted |location=Oxford}}</ref> durante que illes concorda que il existe un sol insimul de objectos, considera le idealismo transcendental como un these super le ''proprietates'' de iste objectos, de qualcun nos ha accesso, dum alteres es incognoscibile pro nos.
Le altere linea prominente de interpretation es le vision del «duo mundos» (a vices associate con interpretationes «phenomenaliste»<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strawson |first=Peter Frederick |title=The bounds of sense: an essay on Kant's 'Critique of pure reason' |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-04030-3 |edition=Repr |location=London}}</ref>). Secundo iste vision, le apparentias non es le mesme cosas que le cosas in se mesme, e le idealismo transcendental non es simplemente un these super lo que es necessari pro nos pro considerar objectos que es transcendentalmente independente de nos. Alcun defensores del «duo mundos» considera que Kant asserta que le apparentias es identic con nostre representationes de illos,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the claims of knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |last2=Kant |first2=Immanuel |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Pr |isbn=978-0-521-33772-4 |edition=1. publ. 1987, repr |location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Feder |first=Johann Georg Heinrich |last2=Garve |first2=Christian |date=1782 |title=Feder-Garve Review of the Critique of Pure Reason |journal=Göttinger Gelehrten Anzeigen}}</ref> durante que alteres considera que ille simplemente asserta que le apparentias es partialmente fundate super cosas in se mesme sin esser identic con illas.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stang |first=Nicholas F. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism |date=2016 |work=The Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford |pages=§3.2 |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/) |access-date=6 April 2026 |edition=Spring 2016 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>
=== Le theoria de Kant super le judicio ===
{{vide etiam|Categoria (Kant)}}
[[File:Immanuelkant.JPG|thumb|Statua de Kant in le Schola de Philosophia e Scientias Human del [[Universitate Federal de Minas Gerais]] (UFMG), [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil]]
Post le «Analytica Transcendental» veni le «Logica Transcendental». Dum le prime se occupava del contributiones del sensibilitate, le secunde se occupa, primo, del contributiones del intellecto («Analytica Transcendental») e, secundo, del facultate del ''ration'' como fonte tanto de errores metaphysic como de principios regulative authentic («Dialectica Transcendental»). Le «Analytica Transcendental» es ulteriormente dividite in duo sectiones. Le prime, «Analytica del Conceptos», se occupa de establir le universalitate e necessitate del conceptos ''pur'' del intellecto (i.e., le categorias). Iste section contine le famose «deduction transcendental» de Kant. Le secunde, «Analytica del Principios», se occupa del application de iste conceptos pur in judicios ''empiric''. Iste secunde section es plus longe que le prime e es ulteriormente dividite in numerose sub-sectiones.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=4–13}}
==== Deduction transcendental del categorias del intellecto ====
Le «Analytica del Conceptos» argumenta in favor del validitate universal e necessari del conceptos pur del intellecto, o categorias, per exemplo, le conceptos de substantia e causalitate. Iste dece-duo categorias basic defini lo que significa esser un ''cosa in general'' —isto es, illos articula le conditiones necessari secundo le qual alique es un possibile objecto del experientia. Iste categorias, in combination con le formas ''a priori'' del intuition, es le base de tote cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Secundo [[Paul Guyer]] e [[Allen W. Wood]], «le idea de Kant es que, justo como il ha certe characteristicas essential de tote judicios, assi debe haber certe manieras correspondente in le qual nos forma le conceptos de objectos pro que judicios pote esser facite super objectos».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=8}}
Kant presenta duo lineas central de argumentation in supporto de su assertiones concernente le categorias. Le prime, cognoscite como le «deduction metaphysic», procede analyticmente ab un tabella del functiones logic aristotelic del judicio. Como Kant esseva consciente, isto assume precisamente lo que le sceptico refuta, a saper, le existentia de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Pro iste ration, Kant presenta etiam un argumento synthetic que non depende del assumption in question.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=89–90}}
Iste argumento, presentate sub le titulo «Deduction Transcendental del Conceptos Pur del Intellecto», es largemente considerate tanto le plus importante como le plus difficile del argumentos de Kant in le ''Critica''. Kant mesme diceva que illo esseva le parte que requireva le plus labor de su parte.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi</ref> Frustrate per le reception confuse del prime edition de su libro, ille lo rescribeva completemente pro le secunde edition.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(e)}}{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4}}
Le «Deduction Transcendental» presenta le argumento de Kant que iste conceptos pur se applica universal e necessariemente al objectos que es date in le experientia. Secundo Guyer e Wood, «Il centra su argumento super le premissa que nostre experientia pote esser attribuite a un sol subjecto identic, per medio de lo que ille appella le “unita transcendental del apperception”, solmente si le elementos del experientia date in le intuition es syntheticamente combinate assi que illos nos presenta objectos que es pensate per medio del categorias».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=9}}
Le principio de apperception de Kant es que «Le Io pensa debe poter accompaniar tote mi representationes; nam alteremente alique esserea representate in me que non poterea esser pensate de sorta, lo que equivale a dicer que le representation o esserea impossibile o, al minus, nihil esserea pro me».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B131-32</ref> Le possibilitate ''necessari'' del auto-attribution del representationes del autoconscientia, identic con se mesme trans le tempore, es un veritate conceptual ''a priori'' que non pote esser fundate super le experientia.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4.1}} Isto es solmente un esquissa general de un del argumentos que Kant presenta.
==== Principios del intellecto pur ====
Le deduction de Kant del categorias in le «Analytica del Conceptos», si illo es succedite, demonstra su assertiones concernente le categorias solmente in un maniera abstracte. Le carga del «Analytica del Principios» es monstrar tanto ''que'' illos debe applicar universalmente al objectos date in le experientia real (i.e., multitudes de intuition) como ''como'' illos face isto.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=9–10}} In le prime libro<!--????--> de iste section<!--????--> super le «[[Schema (Kant)|schematismo]]», Kant conecta cata un del categorias puramente logic del intellecto al temporalitate del intuition pro monstrar que, ben que illos non es empiric, illos tamen ha application al objectos del experientia. Le secunde libro continua iste linea de argumento in quatro capitulos, cata un associate con un del gruppos de categorias. In certe casos, illo adde un connexion con le dimension spatial del intuition al categorias que illo analysa.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=10–11}} Le quarte capitulo de iste section, «Le Analogias del Experientia», marca un cambiamento ab principios «mathematical» a principios «dynamic», isto es, a illos que tracta del relationes inter objectos. Alcun commentatores considera isto le section le plus significative del ''Critica''.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=11}} Le analogias es tres in numero:
# ''Principio del persistentia del substantia'': Kant se occupa hic del conditiones general pro determinar le relationes temporal inter le objectos del experientia. Ille argumenta que le unitate del tempore implica que «tote cambiamento debe consister in le alteration de estados in un substantia subjacente, cuje existentia e quantitate debe esser inalterabile o conservate».<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A182–26/B224–36</ref>
# ''Principio del succession temporal secundo le lege del causalitate'': Hic Kant argumenta que «nos pote facer judicios determinate super le succession objective de eventos, in contrasto con successiones simplemente subjective de representationes, solmente si cata alteration objective seque un regula necessari de succession, o un lege causal». Isto es le responsa le plus directe de Kant al scepticismo de [[Humeanismo#Causalitate e necessitate|Hume]] concernente le causalitate.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A186–211/B232–56</ref>
# ''Principio del simultaneitate secundo le lege del reciprocitate o communitate'': Le ultime analogia argumenta que «judicios determinate que objectos (o estados de substantia) in differente regiones del spatio existe simultaneemente es possibile solmente si tal objectos es in un relation causal mutual de communitate o interaction reciprocal». Isto es le responsa de Kant al these de [[Leibniz]] in le ''[[Monadologia]]''.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A211-15/B256-62</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=11–12}}
Le quarte section de iste capitulo, que non es un analogia, tracta del uso empiric del categorias modal. Illo esseva le fin del capitulo in le edition A del ''Critica''. Le edition B include un altere breve section, «Le Refutation del Idealismo». In iste section, per medio de un analyse del concepto de autoconscientia, Kant argumenta que su idealismo transcendental es un idealismo «critic» o «formal» que non nega le existentia de un realitate separate de nostre representationes subjective.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=12}} Le capitulo final del «Analytica del Principios» distingui le ''[[phenomena]]'', del qual nos pote haber cognoscentia authentic, ab le ''[[noumena]]'', un termino que se refere a objectos de pensamento pur que nos non pote cognoscer, ma al qual nos pote tamen referer «in un senso negative».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=12–13}} Un Appendice al section disveloppa ulteriormente le critica de Kant del rationalismo leibnizian-wolffian argumentante que su metaphysica «dogmatic» confunde le «simple characteristicas del conceptos per medio del qual nos pensa cosas ... [con] characteristicas del objectos mesme». Contra isto, Kant reafirma su proprie insistentia super le necessitate de un componente sensibile in tote cognoscentia authentic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=13}}
===Critica del metaphysica===
Le secunde del duo divisiones de "Le logica transcendental", "Le dialectica transcendental", contine le portion "negative" del ''Critica'' de Kant, que se basa super le argumentos "positive" del precedente "Analytica transcendental" pro revelar le limites del speculation metaphysic. In particular, illo cerca a demonstrar como fallace le tentativas del ration de attinger cognoscentia independente del sensibilitate. Iste effortio, argumenta Kant, es condemnate al fallimento, que ille pretende demonstrar monstrante que le ration, non limitate per le sensos, es sempre capace de generar conclusiones opost o alteremente incompatibile. Como "le columba legier, in volo libere per le aere, sentiente le resistentia que illo incontra" , le ration "pote haber le idea que illo poterea facer mesmo melio in un spatio sin aere". Contra isto, Kant sustene que, absente friction epistemic, il non pote haber cognoscentia. Nonobstante, le critica de Kant non es completemente destructive. Il presenta le excessos speculative del metaphysica traditional como inherente a nostre mesme capacitate de ration. In ultra, ille argumenta que lor productos non es sin un certe valor ''regulative'' (accuratemente qualificate).<ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521317245 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye/page/52 52]–55}}</ref>
====Super le conceptos del ration pur====
Kant appella le conceptos basic del metaphysica "ideas". Illos es differente del conceptos del intellecto in tanto que illos non es limitate per le restriction critic que limita le cognoscentia al conditiones de experientia possibile e a lor objectos. "Illusion transcendental" es le termino de Kant pro le tendentia del ration a producer tal ideas.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Ben que le ration ha un "uso logic" consistente simplemente in traher inferentias ex principios, in "Le dialectica transcendental", Kant se interessa al pretensive "uso real" del ration pro attinger conclusiones per medio de un ratiocination syllogistic regressive sin controlo.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}} Le tres categorias de ''relation'', quando illos es persequite sin reguardo al limites del experientia possibile, produce le tres ideas central del metaphysica traditional:
# ''Le anima'': le concepto de substantia como subjecto ultime;
# ''Le mundo in su totalitate'': le concepto de causalitate como serie complete; e
# ''Deo'': le concepto de communitate como fundamento commun de tote le possibilitates.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}}
Ben que Kant nega que iste ideas pote esser objectos de cognoscentia genuin, ille argumenta que illos resulta del impulsion inherent del ration a unificar le cognoscentia in un integre systematic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Le metaphysica de Leibniz e Wolff esseva dividite in quatro partes: ontologia, psychologia, cosmologia e theologia. Kant substitue le prime per le resultatos positive del prime parte del ''Critica''. Il propone de substituer le tres sequente per su doctrinas posterior de anthropologia, le fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural, e le postulation critic del libertate human e del moralitate.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=14}}
====Dialectic inferentias del ration pur====
In le secunde del duo libros de "Le Dialectic transcendental", Kant se effortia a demonstrar le natura contradictori del ration sin limites. Il face isto per disveloppar contradictiones in cata un del tres disciplinas metaphysic que, secundo su argumento, es in facto pseudoscientias. Iste section del ''Critica'' es longe e le argumentos de Kant es extrememente detaliate. In iste contexto, il non es possibile facer multo plus que enumerar le themas discutite.
Le prime capitulo tracta lo que Kant appella le ''paralogismos'' —i.e., inferentias false— que le ration pur face in le disciplina metaphysic del psychologia rational. Il argumenta que on non pote considerar le simple pensamento de "Io" in le proposition "Io pensa" como le cognoscentia correcte de "Io" como objecto. In iste maniera, ille pretende refutar varie theses metaphysic concernente le substantialitate, unitate e identitate de se del anima.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.i)}}
Le secunde capitulo, le plus longe, tracta le thema que Kant appella le [[Kant's antinomies|''antinomias del ration pur'']] —i.e., le contradictiones del ration con se mesme— in le disciplina metaphysic del cosmologia rational. Originalmente, Kant habeva pensate que tote illusion transcendental poterea esser analysate in terminos antinomic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=16}} Il presenta quatro casos in le quales, secundo ille, le ration es capace de provar theses opposite con equal plausibilitate:
# Que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le universo es simultaneemente finite e infinite in spatio e tempore";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le materia es e non es infinite divisibile in partes sempre plus parve";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le libero arbitrio non pote esser un parte causalmente efficace del mundo (proque tote le natura es deterministic) e tamen que illo debe esser un tal causa"; e
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que existe e non existe un ente necessari (que alcunos identificarea con Deo)".{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=16–17}}
Kant argumenta ulteriormente que, in cata caso, su doctrina del idealismo transcendental es capace de resolver le antinomia.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}
Le tertie capitulo examina argumentos fallace concernente Deo in le theologia rational sub le titulo del "Ideal del Ration Pur". (Dum un ''idea'' es un concepto pur generate per le ration, un ''ideal'' es le concepto de un idea como un cosa individual.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=17}}) Hic Kant examina e pretende refutar tres argumentos traditional pro le existentia de Deo: le [[argumento ontologic]], le [[argumento cosmologic]], e le [[argumento physico-theologic]] (i.e., le argumento del designio).{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.iii)}}
Le resultatos del dialectic transcendental usque a iste puncto pare esser completemente negative. In un appendice a iste section, Kant rejecta un tal conclusion. Le ideas del ration pur, ille argumenta, ha un importante function ''regulative'' in diriger e organisar nostre investigationes theoric e practic. Le obras posterior de Kant disveloppa iste function a longe e in detalio.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=18}}
===Pensamento moral===
{{Main|Ethica kantian}}
Kant disveloppava su ethica, o philosophia moral, in tres obras: ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1785), ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]'' (1788), e ''[[Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1797). Concernente al moralitate, Kant argumentava que le origine del [[Bonitate e theoria del valor|bon]] non jace in alique cosa exterior al [[human]] subjecto, sia in le [[natura]] o date per [[Deo]], ma solmente in le bon voluntate mesme. Un bon voluntate es illo que age per deber, in accordo con le lege moral universal que le esser human autonome se da libere a se mesme. Iste lege obliga un a tractar le humanitate —comprehendite como agentia rational e representate tanto per se mesme como per alteres— como un [[fin in se mesme]] e non simplemente como [[medio (philosophia)|medio]] pro altere fines que le individuo pote haber. Kant es cognoscite pro su theoria que tote [[obligation moral]] es fundate in lo que ille appella le "[[imperative categoric]]", derivate del concepto de [[deber]]. Il argumenta que le lege moral es un principio del [[ration]] mesme, non fundate super factos contingente del mundo, como lo que nos renderea felice; ager secundo le lege moral non ha altere motivo que "dignitate de esser felice".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A806/B834</ref>
Nonobstante, le expertos es largemente de accordo que le ethica de Kant precede, in le major parte de su ideas central, le periodo critic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ursprünge der Ethik Kants in seinen vorkritischen Schriften und Reflektionen |date=1961 |publisher=Hain |url=[https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Urspr%C3%BCnge_der_Ethik_Kants_in_seinen.html?id=8hps0QEACAAJ |language=de}}; {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Problem der Kontingenz der Welt: Versuch einer positiven Aufarbeitung der Kritik Kants am kosmologischen Argument |date=1969 |publisher=Herder |url=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Giovanni |title=Kants "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft": ein Kommentar |date=2004 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft |location=Darmstadt |isbn=3534157419}}</ref>
====Idea del libertate====
In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant distingue inter le idea transcendental del libertate, que como concepto psychologic es "principalmente empiric" e refere a "si un facultate de initiar per se mesme un serie de cosas o estados successive debe esser assumite",<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467">Kant, ''CPuR'' A448/B467</ref> e le concepto practic del libertate como independentia de nostre voluntate del "coercition" o "necessitation per impulsos sensibile". Kant trova un fonte de difficultate in le facto que le idea practic del libertate es fundate super le idea transcendental del libertate,<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A533–34/B561–62</ref> ma, pro rationes practic, usa le signification practic, non prendente "nulle consideration de ... su signification transcendental", que ille considera esser propriemente "disponite" in le Tertie Antinomia, e que, como elemento in le question del libertate del voluntate, es pro le philosophia "un ver obstaculo" que ha embarrassate le ration speculative.<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/>
Kant appella ''practic'' "tote lo que es possibile per libertate"; ille appella le leges practic pur que jammais es date per conditiones sensibile, ma que es tenite analogemente al lege universal del causalitate, "leges moral". Le ration pote dar nos solmente le "leges pragmatic de action libere per le sensos", ma le leges practic pur date per le ration ''a priori'' dicta "lo que debe esser facite".<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/><ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A800–02/B 828–30</ref> Le categorias kantian del libertate functiona principalmente como conditiones pro le possibilitate de actiones (i) esser libere, (ii) esser comprendite como libere, e (iii) esser evaluate moralmente. Pro Kant, ben que le actiones como objectos theoric es constituite per medio del categorias theoric, le actiones como objectos practic (objectos del uso practic del ration, que pote esser bon o mal) es constituite per medio del categorias del libertate. Solmente in iste maniera pote le actiones, como phenomena, esser consequentias del libertate, e esser comprendite e evaluate como tal.<ref>[[Susanne Bobzien]], 'Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant', in ''Kant: Analysen, Probleme, Kritik'' Vol. 1, 1988, 193–220.</ref>
====Imperative categoric====
Kant face un distinction inter imperativos categoric e [[imperative hypothetic]]. Un ''imperative hypothetic'' es uno que debe esser obsequite pro satisfacer desiros contingente. Un ''imperative categoric'' obliga le [[agente rational]] independentemente de su desiros: per exemplo, tote agentes rational ha le deber de respectar altere agentes rational como fines individual in se mesmes, independentemente del circumstantias, mesmo si a vices il es in le interesse egoistic de un persona de non facer lo. Iste imperativos es moralmente obligatori a causa del forma categoric de lor maximas, e non a causa de factos contingente concernente un agente.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 83.</ref>
A differentia de imperativos hypothetic, que nos obliga in tanto que nos es parte de un gruppo o societate a que nos debe deberes, nos non pote optar ex le imperative categoric, proque nos non pote optar ex le facto de esser agentes rational. Nos debe un deber al rationalitate in virtute de esser agentes rational; ergo, principios moral rational se applica a tote agentes rational in tote momentos.{{sfn|Johnson|2008}} Dicite in altere terminos, con tote formas de rationalitate instrumental excludite del moralitate, "le lege moral mesme, sustene Kant, pote esser solmente le forma del legalitate mesme, proque nihil altere remane quando tote contento ha essite rejectate".{{sfn|Schneewind|2010|p=261}}
Kant propone tres formulationes del imperative categoric. Il asserta que illos es necessariemente equivalente, como expressiones del universalitate pur del lege moral in se mesme;<ref>Kant, ''G''. 4:420–421, 436.</ref> multe estudioses non es convincite.<ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–78</ref> Le formulationes es le sequente:
* ''Formula del Lege Universal'':
** "Age solmente secundo ille maxima per le qual tu pote al mesme tempore voler que illo deveni un lege universal";<ref name="Kant, G 4:421">Kant, ''G'' 4:421</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Lege del Natura'': "Age assi como si le maxima de tu action, per tu voluntate, deberea devenir un lege universal del natura."<ref name="Kant, G 4:421"/>
* ''Formula del Humanitate como Fin in se mesme'':
** "Age de maniera que tu usa le humanitate, tanto in tu proprie persona como in le persona de cata altere, sempre al mesme tempore como fin e jammais simplemente como medio".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:429</ref>
* ''Formula del Autonomia'':
** "le idea del voluntate de cata esser rational como un voluntate que da lege universal",<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:431; cf. 4:432</ref> o "Non eliger alteremente que in maniera que le maximas de tu election sia al mesme tempore comprehendite con illo, in le mesme volition, como lege universal";<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:440; cf. 4:432, 434, 438</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Regno del Fines'': "Age secundo maximas de un membro universalmente legislative de un regno simplemente possibile de fines."<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:439; cf. 4:433, 437–439</ref><ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, p.6</ref>
Kant defini ''maxima'' como un "principio subjective del volition", que es distinguite de un "principio objective o 'lege practic'". Dum le ultime es valide pro cata esser rational e es un "principio secundo le qual ille debe ager", un maxima "contine le regula practic que le ration determina in accordo con le conditiones del subjecto (frequentemente su ignorantia o inclinationes) e es assi le principio secundo le qual le subjecto age".<ref>Caygill, Howard. (1995) ''A Kant Dictionary''. Blackwell Publishing, p. 289, citante ''GMM''.</ref>
Le maximas falle a qualificar como leges practic si illos produce un contradiction in conception o un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Un contradiction in conception occurre quando, si un maxima esseva universalizate, illo cessarea de haber senso, proque le "maxima se destruererea necessariemente a si mesme tosto que illo esseva facite un lege universal".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:403.</ref> Per exemplo, si le maxima "Es permissibile romper promissas" esseva universalizate, nulle persona haberea confidentia in promissas facite, e assi le idea de un promissa devenirea sin signification; le maxima esserea contradictori a se mesme, proque, quando illo es universalizate, le promissas cessa de haber signification. Le maxima non es moral proque il es logicamente impossibile universalizar lo —nos non pote conceber un mundo in le qual iste maxima es universalisate.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 88.</ref>
Un maxima pote anque esser immoral si illo crea un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Isto non significa un contradiction logic, ma que le universalisation del maxima conduce a un stato de cosas que nulle esser ''rational'' desira.
===="Le doctrina del virtute"====
Como Kant explica in le 1785 ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' e como su titulo indica directemente, ille texto es "nihil plus que le recerca e establimento del ''principio supreme del moralitate''".<ref>Kant, ''GMM'' 4:392.</ref> Su promittite ''Metaphysica del Morales'' esseva multo retardate e non appareva usque a su duo partes, "Le Doctrina del Derecto" e "Le Doctrina del Virtute", esser publicate separatemente in 1797 e 1798.<ref>Gregor, Mary J. (1996) "Translator's note on the text of The metaphysics of morals". In ''Practical Philosophy''. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, p. 355.</ref>
Le prime tracta le philosophia politic; le secunde, le ethica. "Le Doctrina del Virtute" presenta "un narration multo differente del rationamento moral ordinari" ab illo suggerite per le ''Fundamento''.{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Illo se interessa a ''deberes del virtute'' o "fines que al mesme tempore es deberes".<ref>Kant, ''MM''. 6:382–391.</ref> Il es hic, in le dominio del ethica, que le major innovation de ''Le Metaphysica del Morales'' se trova. Secundo le explication de Kant, "le rationamento moral ordinari es fundamentalmente teleologic —illo es rationamento concernente le fines que le moralitate nos obliga a persequer, e le prioritates inter iste fines que nos es obligate a observar".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=69}}
<blockquote>Il existe duo classes de fines que es nostre deber haber: nostre proprie perfection e le felicitate de alteres (''MS'' 6:385). "Perfection" include tanto nostre perfection natural (le disveloppamento de nostre talentos, habilitates e capacitate de comprender) como nostre perfection moral (nostre disposition virtuose) (''MS'' 6:387). Le "felicitate" de un persona es le plus grande integre rational del fines que le persona ha fixate pro su proprie satisfaction (''MS'' 6:387–388).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=70}}</blockquote>
Le elaboration de Kant de iste doctrina teleologic propone un theoria moral multo differente de illo que normalmente es attribuite a ille super le base de su obras foundational sol.
=== Politica ===
{{vide etiam|Politica philosophic de Immanuel Kant}}
In ''Vers le Pace Perpetual: Un Projecto Philosophic'', Kant enumerava plure conditiones que ille considerava necessari pro terminar guerras e crear un pace durabile. Inter illas esseva un mundo de republicas constitutional.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:349–353</ref> Su theoria republican esseva extendite in le "Doctrina del Drito", le prime parte del ''[[Metaphysica del Morals]]'' (1797).<ref>Manfred Riedel, ''Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy'', Cambridge 1984</ref> Kant credeva que le historia universal conduce al fin ultime de un mundo de statos republican in pace, ma su theoria non esseva pragmatic. Le processo esseva describite in ''Pace Perpetual'' como natural plus tosto que rational:
{{blockquote|Lo que offere iste ''garantia'' (securitate) es nihil minus que le grande artista ''natura'' (''natura daedala rerum''), de cuje curso mechanic appare visibilemente le finalitate, lassante concordia emerger per medio del discordia inter esseres human, mesmo contra lor voluntate; e pro iste ration natura, considerate como necessitate per un causa cuje lege de operationes es incognoscibile a nos, es appellate ''fato'', ma si nos considera su finalitate in le curso del mundo como le profunde sapientia de un causa superior, dirigite verso le fin objective ultime del genere human e predeterminante iste curso del mundo, illo es appellate ''providentia''.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:360–362</ref>}}
Le pensamento politic de Kant pote esser resumite como governamento republican e organisation international: "In terminos plus characteristicamente kantian, illo es un doctrina del stato fundate super le lege (''[[Rechtsstaat]]'') e del pace eternal. In facto, in cata un de iste formulationes, le duo terminos exprime le mesme idea: celle de constitution legal o de 'pace per le lege'.<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 581–582</ref> "Le philosophia politic de Kant, essente essentialmente un doctrina juridic, rejecta per definition le opposition inter education moral e le joco de passiones como fundamentos alternative pro le vita social. Le stato es definite como le union de homines sub lege. Le stato in le proprie senso es constituite per leges que es necessari ''a priori'' proque illos deriva del ipse concepto del lege. Un regime pote esser judicate per nulle altere criterios ni assignate altere functiones que illos proprie al ordine legal como tal."<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 603</ref>
Kant se opponeva al "democratia", que in su epocha significava [[democratia directe]], proque ille credeva que le regula del majoritate poneva in periculo le libertate individual. Ille declarava que "''democratia'' in le stricte senso del parola es necessariemente un ''despotismo'' proque illo establi un poter executive in le qual omnes decide pro e, si necesse, contra un (qui assi non concorda), de sorta que omnes, qui tamen non es omnes, decide; e isto es un contradiction del voluntate general con se mesme e con libertate."<ref>Kant, p. 8:352</ref>
Como le major parte del autores de su epocha, Kant distingueva tres formas de governamento —democratia, aristocratia e monarchia— con [[governamento mixte]] como le forma plus ideal.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:352</ref> Ille credeva in ideales e formas republican de governamento, e in le [[dominio del lege]] que resultava de illos.<ref>Kant, pp. 8:349–8:353</ref> Ben que Kant publicava isto como un "obra popular", [[Mary J. Gregor]] observa que duo annos plus tarde, in ''Metaphysica del Morals'', Kant pretende demonstrar ''systematicamente'' que "establir un pace universal e durabile constitue non solmente un parte del doctrina del drito, sed plus tosto le integre fin ultime del doctrina del drito intra le limites del ration pur".<ref>Kant, ''MM'' 6:355</ref><ref>Gregor, Mary J. "Introduction", in ''Practical Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press, p. 313</ref>
Le pensamento politic posterior de Kant esseva profundemente preoccupate per le problema del guerra e le possibilitate de establir un pace durabile inter le statos. In ''[[Pace Perpetual: Un Sketch Philosophic|Vers le Pace Perpetual]]'' (1795), ille argumentava que un pace durabile non poteva esser securate simplemente per tractatos, ma requireva constitutiones republican, respecto del derecto international e un federation voluntari de statos libere. Ille se opponeva al [[guerra de conquista|guerras de conquista]], al exercitos permanente e al practicas politic que incoragiava conflictos futur, e ille considerava le developpamento progressive de relationes international legal como un del tarefas politic central del humanitate.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kant's Social and Political Philosophy |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2016 |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Higgins |first=Olivier |title=Kant on Peace, Honor and the "Point of View" of Princes, 1755–1795 |journal=Modern Intellectual History |year=2023 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=738–763 |doi=10.1017/S1479244322000476 }}</ref>
''Le Doctrina del Drito'', publicate in 1797, contine le contribution le plus mature e systematic de Kant al philosophia politic. Illo tracta del deberes secundo le lege, que es "concernite solmente con le protection del libertate externe del individuos" e es indifferente al motivationes. Ben que existe un deber moral "de limitar nos a actiones que es juste, iste deber non es parte de [le drito] ipse".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Su idea politic basic es que "le derecto de cata persona de esser su proprie maestro es compatibile con le derectos de alteres solmente si institutiones juridic public existe".<ref>Ripstein, Arthur. (2009) ''Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy''. Harvard University Press, p. 9.</ref> Ille formula le principio universal del drito como:
{{Citation|Omne action es ''juste'' si illo pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal, o si, secundo su maxima, le libertate de selection de cata uno pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal. (''MS'' 6:230).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}}}}
===Scriptores religiose===
{{Main|Religion intra le limites del ration pur}}
A partir del seculo XX, commentatores tendeva a vider Kant como habente un relation tensionate con le religion, ben que isto non esseva le opinion predominante durante le seculo XIX. [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], cuje litteras adjutava a render Kant famose, scribeva: «Io crede que io pote inferer sin reservation que le interesse del religion, e del christianitate in particular, concorda completemente con le resultato del Critica del Ration.»<ref>Karl Leonhard Reinhold, ''Letters on the Kantian Philosophy'' (1786), 3rd Letter</ref> Secundo [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]], qui scribeva un del prime commentarios super Kant: «E non es iste systema mesme in le plus splendide accordo con le religion christian? Non deveni le divinitate e le beneficentia de iste ultime tanto plus evidente?»<ref>Johann Schultz, ''Exposition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason'' (1784), 141.</ref> Le ration pro iste interpretationes esseva le theologia moral de Kant e le opinion largemente diffundite que su philosophia esseva le grande antithese a [[Spinozismo]], que esseva largemente considerate un forma de pantheismo sophistificate o mesmo de atheismo. Proque le philosophia de Kant negligeva le possibilitate de arguer pro Deo per le ration pur sol, per le mesme ration illo etiam negligeva le possibilitate de arguer contra Deo per le ration pur sol.
Kant dirige su criticas le plus forte contra le organisation e le practicas del institutiones religiose que incoragia lo que ille considera un religion de falso servicio a Deo.<ref>Kant, ''RBMR'' Part IV, First part, First section [6:157–163]</ref> Inter le objectos principal de su critica es le rituales externe, le superstition e un ecclesia hierarchic. Ille vide iste practicas como effortios pro render se agradabile a Deo per medios altere que le adherentia conscientiose al principio del rectitude moral in eliger e sequer le maximas proprie. Le criticas de Kant super iste questiones, insimul con su rejection de certe provas theoretic del existentia de Deo fundate super le ration pur, particularmente le [[argumento ontologic]], e su commentario philosophic super certe doctrinas christian, ha resultate in interpretationes que considera Kant hostil al religion in general e al christianitate in particular.<ref>E.g., Walsh, W.H., 1967, "Kant, Immanuel: Philosophy of Religion", ''The Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Volume Four, Paul Edwards (ed.), New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. & The Free Press, 322.</ref> Altere interpretes, nonobstante, considera que Kant tentava distinguer le credentias christian defendibile del illas indefendibile.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Pasternack|first1=Lawrence|last2=Rossi|first2=Philip|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|url=[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's](http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's) Philosophy of Religion|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2014|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/%7Curl-status%3Dlive%7D%7D)</ref>
Concernente le conception de Kant del religion, alcun criticos ha arguite que ille esseva sympathic al deismo.<ref>Per exemplo Peter Byrne, qui scribeva super le relation de Kant con le deismo. Byrne, Peter (2007), ''Kant on God'', London: Ashgate, p. 159.</ref> Altere criticos ha arguite que le conception moral de Kant passa del deismo al theismo (como theismo moral), per exemplo Allen W. Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (1970), ''Kant's moral religion'', London and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 16.</ref> e etiam [[Merold Westphal]].<ref>Westphal, Merold (2010), ''The Emergence of Modern Philosophy of Religion'', in Taliaferro, Charles, Draper, Paul and Quinn, Philip (editors), ''A Companion to Philosophy of Religion'', Oxford: Blackwell, p. 135.</ref> Quanto al libro de Kant ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur|Religion intra le limites del Ration Pur]]'', esseva accentuate que Kant reduceva le religiositate a rationalitate, le religion a moralitate, e le christianitate a ethica;<ref>Iţu, Mircia (2004), ''Dumnezeu şi religia în concepţia lui Immanuel Kant din Religia în limitele raţiunii'', in Boboc, Alexandru and Mariş, N.I. (editors), ''Studii de istoria filosofiei universale'', volume 12, Bucharest: Romanian Academy.</ref> tamen, multe interpretes, inter illes Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (2020), ''Kant and Religion'', Cambridge University Press, p. 2.</ref> insimul con Lawrence Pasternack,<ref>Vider per exemplo Lawrence Pasternack, ''Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason'' (New York, Routledge, 2014), pp. 239–240.</ref> ora concorda con le assertion de [[Stephen Palmquist]] que un melior maniera de leger le ''Religion'' de Kant es vider lo como un tentativa de elevar le moralitate al stato de religion.<ref>Palmquist, Stephen (1992), "Does Kant Reduce Religion to Morality?", ''Kant-Studien'' 83.2, pp. 129–148.</ref>
Le philosopho german Josef Schmucker monstrava que le critica de Kant del provas traditional del existentia de Deo precede su periodo critic e pote esser traciate retro al annos 1760, como etiam le developpamento de su concepto del ideal transcendental.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant |date=1980 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |location=Berlin, BRD New York |isbn=311008130X}} e {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Weltproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft: Kommentar und Strukturanalyse des ersten Buches und des zweiten Hauptstücks des zweiten Buches der transzendentalen Dialektik |date=1990 |publisher=Bouvier Verl |location=Bonn |isbn=3416021851}}</ref>
=== Esthetica ===
{{vide etiam|Teleologia de Kant}}
[[File:Immanuel Kant.jpg|thumb|Gravura de Kant per Friedrich Rosmäsler, 1822, a partir de un pictura de Todd Schorr]]
Kant tracta le natura subjective de qualitates e experientias esthetic in ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' (1764). Le contribution de Kant al theoria esthetic es disveloppate in le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'' (1790), ubi ille investiga le possibilitate e le stato logic de "judicamentos de gusto". In le "Analytica del Belle", le prime division major del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant usa le termino "esthetic" in un maniera que se approxima a su senso moderne.<ref>Critique of Judgment in "Kant, Immanuel", ''[[https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf](https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf) Encyclopedia of Philosophy]'', volume 5, Macmillan, 2006, accessed on 16 November 2024</ref> In le ''[[Critica del Ration Pure]]'', pro notar le differentias essential inter judicamentos de gusto, judicamentos moral e judicamentos scientific, Kant abandona le termino "esthetic" como designante le critica del gusto, notante que le judicamentos de gusto nunquam pote esser "dirigite" per "leges ''a priori''".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A22/B36</ref> Post [[Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten]], qui scribeva ''Aesthetica'' (1750–58),{{efn|Beardsley, Monroe. "History of Aesthetics". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, section on "Toward a unified aesthetics", p. 25, Macmillan 1973. Baumgarten coined the term "aesthetics" and expanded, clarified, and unified Wolffian aesthetic theory, but had left the ''Aesthetica'' unfinished (Vide etiam: Tonelli, Giorgio. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, Macmillan 1973). In Bernard's translation of the ''Critique of Judgment'' he indicates in the notes that Kant's reference in § 15 in regard to the identification of perfection and beauty is probably a reference to Baumgarten.}} Kant esseva un del prime philosophos a developpar e integrar le theoria aesthetic in un systema philosophic unificate e comprehensibile, utilisante ideas que habeva un rolo integral in tote su philosophia.<ref>German Idealism in "History of Aesthetics" ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol 1. Macmillan, 1973.</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Belle" del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant dice que le beltate non es un proprietate de un obra de arte o de un phenomeno natural, sed plus tosto le conscientia del placer que accompania le "libere joco" del imagination e del intellecto. Ben que il pare que nos usa le ration pro decider lo que es belle, le judicio non es un judicio cognitive,{{efn|Kant's general discussions of the distinction between "cognition" and "conscious of" are also given in the ''Critique of Pure Reason'' (notably A320/B376), and section V and the conclusion of section VIII of his Introduction in ''Logic''.}} "e per consequentia non logic, sed aesthetic".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §1</ref>
Un judicio pure de gusto es subjective pois que illo se refere al responsa emotional del subjecto e es fundate solmente super le appreciation del objecto ipse: illo es un placer disinteressate, e nos senti que le judicios pure de gusto (i.e., judicios de beltate) reclama validitate universal.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§ 20–22</ref> Iste validitate universal non deriva de un concepto determinate de beltate, sed de le ''senso commun''.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §40</ref> Kant credeva anque que un judicio de gusto comparti characteristicas con un judicio moral: ambes es disinteressate, e nos considera les universalmente valide.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §59</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Taste |year=1997 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674500358 |pages=15–20}}</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Sublime", Kant identifica le [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] como un qualitate aesthetic que, como le beltate, es subjective, sed que, a differentia del beltate, se refere a un relation indeterminate inter le facultates del imagination e del ration. Illo comparti anque le character del judicamentos moral in su implication del ration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clewis |first=Robert R. |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521760867 |pages=48–52}}</ref> Le sentimento del sublime, dividite in duo modos distincte (le sublime mathematic e le sublime dynamic),<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §24</ref> describe duo momentos subjective concernente le relation del facultate del imagination al ration. Alcun commentatores sustene que le philosophia critic de Kant contine un tertie typo del sublime, le sublime moral, que es le responsa aesthetic al lege moral o a un representation, e un disveloppamento del sublime "nobile" in le theoria de Kant de 1764.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clewis |first=Robert |year=2009 |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Le sublime mathematic resulta del fallimento del imagination a comprender objectos natural que appare sin limites e sin forma, o que appare "absolute grande".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§23–25</ref> Iste fallimento imaginative es alora recuperate per le placer prendite in le assertion del ration del concepto de infinito. In iste movimento le facultate del ration prova esser superior a nostre fallibile self sensibile.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§25–26</ref> In le sublime dynamic, il ha le senso de annihilation del self sensibile quando le imagination tenta comprender un potentia enorme. Iste potentia del natura nos mena, sed per le resistentia del ration a tal annihilation sensibile, le subjecto senti un placer e un senso del vocation moral human. Iste appreciation del sentimento moral per medio del exposition al [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] adjuta a developpar le character moral.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§28–29</ref> Kant developpava un theoria del [[Humor|humor]],<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §54</ref> que ha essite interpretate como un theoria del "incongruentia". Il illustrava su theoria del humor per narrar tres scherzos in le ''Critica del Judicio''. Il pensava que le impacto physiologic del humor es simile a illo del musica.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jakobidze-Gitman|first=Alexander|title=Kant's Situated Approach to Musicking and Joking|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies|year=2020|volume=10|pages=17–33|doi=10.25364/24.10:2020.2}}</ref>
Kant developpava un distinction inter un objecto de arte como valor material subjecte al conventiones del societate e le condition transcendental del judicio de gusto como un valor "refinate" in su ''Idea pro un Historia Universal con un Fin Cosmopolita'' (1784). In le Quarte e Quinte Theses de iste obra ille identificava tote arte como le "fructos del insociabilitate" debite al "antagonismo in societate" del homines<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:20–22</ref> e, in le Septime These, affirmava que, ben que tal proprietate material es indicative de un stato civilisate, sol le ideal del moralitate e le universalisation del valor refine per le melioration del mente "appartene a cultura".<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:24–26.</ref>
===Anthropologia===
Kant faceva lectiones super [[Historia del anthropologia|anthropologia]], le studio del natura human, durante vinti-tres annos.<ref><nowiki>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Holly |title=Kant's Pragmatic Anthropology |url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils) |url-access=limited |date=2006 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=978-0791468494 |page=[[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21<nowiki>) 7]}}</nowiki></ref> Su ''[[Anthropologia ab un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' esseva publicate in 1798. Transcriptiones del lectiones de Kant super anthropologia esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 1997 in germano.<ref>Thomas Sturm, ''Kant und die Wissenschaften vom Menschen'' (Paderborn: Mentis Verlag, 2009).</ref> Kant esseva inter le prime personas de su epocha a introducer le anthropologia como area intellectual de studio, multo ante que le campo deveniva popular, e su textos es considerate como habente facite progressar le campo. Su puncto de vista influentiava le obras de philosophos posterior como [[Martin Heidegger]] e [[Paul Ricœur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piercey |first1=Robert |last2=Philosophy Documentation Center |date=2011 |title=Kant and the Problem of Hermeneutics: Heidegger and Ricoeur on the Transcendental Schematism |url=[http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection](http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection) |journal=Idealistic Studies |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–202 |doi=10.5840/idstudies201141315 |issn=0046-8541|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Kant esseva le prime a suggerer le uso de un approccio dimensional al diversitate human. Il analysava le natura del [[Hippocrate]]-[[Galen]] [[quatro temperamentos]] e representava in duo dimensiones "lo que pertine al facultate del desiderio de un esser human": "su aptitude natural o disposition natural" e "su temperamento o sensibilitate".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:285</ref> Le colericos esseva describite como emotional e energetic, le flemmaticos como equilibrate e debile, le sanguinees como equilibrate e energetic, e le melancholicos como emotional e debile. Iste duo dimensiones reapparer in tote le modelos subsequente de temperamento e tractos de personalitate. Kant considerava le anthropologia in duo grande categorias: (1) le approccio physiologic, que ille appellava "lo que le natura face del esser human"; e (2) le approccio pragmatic, que explora le cosas que un human "pote e debe facer de se ipse".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:119</ref>
====Vistas super le racia====
Le theoria de Kant super le racia e su opiniones prejudicial es inter le areas le plus controverse del recerca kantian recente.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1438443614 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany, New York |pages=12–30 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Zorn |first=Daniel-Pascal |title=Kant—a Racist? |url=[https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/](https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/) |journal=Public History Weekly |year=2020 |volume=2020 |issue=8 |doi=10.1515/phw-2020-17156 |s2cid=225247836 |issn=2197-6376 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kleingeld |first=Pauline |date=October 2007 |title=Kant's Second Thoughts on Race |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/KLEKST |journal=Philosophical Quarterly |volume=57 |issue=229 |pages=573–592 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.498.x}}</ref>--> Ben que pauc, si alcun, contesta le racismo manifeste e le chauvinismo presente in su obra, un question plus contestate es le grado in le qual illo degrada o invalida su altere contributiones. Su criticos le plus sever asserta que Kant manipulava intentionalmente le scientia pro supportar le sclavitude e le discrimination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eze |first=Emmanuel |chapter=The Color of Reason: the Idea of 'Race' in Kant's Anthropology |date=1997 |url=[https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO](https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO) |title=Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader |pages=103–140 |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |publisher=Blackwell |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serequeberhan |first=T. |date=1996 |title=Eurocentrism in Philosophy: the Case of Immanuel Kant |journal=The Philosophical Forum |s2cid=170547963 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Alteres recognosce que ille viveva in un epocha de scientia immatur, con multe credentias erronee, alcun racist, tote apparente decennios ante le evolution, le genetica molecular e altere scientias que hodie es considerate como evidente.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Philosophy Junkie: Immanuel Kant's Racism and Sexism with Professors Lucy Allais and Helga Varden on Apple Podcasts |url=[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962) |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geismann |first=Georg |date=1 January 2022 |title=Why Kant Was Not a 'Racist' |url=[https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist](https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist) |journal=Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=263–357 |doi=10.3790/jre.30.1.263 |s2cid=255676303 |issn=0944-4610|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Kant esseva un del pensatores plus notabile del [[Illuminismo]] a defender le racismo. Le philosopho [[Charles W. Mills]] es inequivoc: "Kant es etiam considerate como un del figuras central in le nascentia del racismo 'scientific' moderne. Dum altere contributores al pensamento racial precoce como Carolus Linnaeus e Johann Friedrich Blumenbach habeva offerite solmente observationes 'empiric' (virgulettes de cautela necessari!), Kant produceva un ''theoria'' complete del racia."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112|p=95}}
Exemplos de su commentarios racistas pote esser trovate in ''Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime'', ubi ille rejecta le opinion de un "carpintero negro" dicente:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> <blockquote>Il poterea haber hic qualcosa digne de consideration, excepto le facto que <u>iste scelerato esseva completemente nigre de capite a pede, un prova distincte que lo que ille diceva esseva stupide</u>.</blockquote>Il usa etiam assertiones de [[David Hume|Hume]] pro formular opiniones raciste:<ref name=":3" /> <blockquote>Le negros de Africa <u>ha per natura nulle sentimento que se eleva supra le ridiculo</u>. Sr. Hume provoca quicunque a citar un sol exemplo ubi un negro ha demonstrate talentos, e asserta que inter le centos de milles de negros que ha essite transportate alterubi ab lor paises, ben que multes de illes ha essite liberate, tamen <u>nulle ha unquam essite trovate qui ha accomplishite alque grande in le arte o in le scientia o monstrate ulle altere qualitate digne de laude, durante que inter le blancos il ha sempre illes qui se eleva del plus basse plebe e per dons extraordinari gania le respecto del mundo. Assi essential es le differentia inter iste duo typos human, e illo pare esser tanto grande con respecto al capacitate del mente como con respecto al color.</u> Le religion del fetiches, que es diffundite inter illes, es forsan un sorta de idolatria, que cade tanto profundemente in le ridiculo como pare esser possibile pro le natura human. Un penna de ave, un corno de vacca, un concha, o qualcunque altere cosa commun, tosto que illo es consecrate con certe parolas, deveni un objecto de veneration e de invocation durante le juramentos. <u>Le negros es multo vanitose, ma al maniera del Negro, e assi loquace que illes debe esser separate le unes ab le alteres per colpos.</u></blockquote>
Il deride etiam le costumes de terras non-europee como China, India, Japon e Arabia. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>In Peking, quando il ha un eclipse del sol o del luna, illes continua ancora le ceremonia de expeller con un grande strepito le dracon que devorarea iste corpos celeste, e <u>illes conserva un costume miserabile ab le plus ancian tempores de ignorantia</u>, ben que ora on es melior informate.</blockquote>
In su ''De le differente racias del homine'', ille usa multo de racismo scientific pro describer differente racias. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2016 |title=Kant on the different human races (1777) |url=[https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/](https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/) |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Black Central Europe |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>Le profusion de particulas de ferro que se trova altrimenti in le sanguine de omne esser human, e que, in iste caso, es precipitate in le substantia reticulate per le evaporation del acido phosphoric (<u>lo que explica proque tote le negros ha mal odor</u>), es le causa del nigritie que brilla trans le epidermide. Le pesante contento de ferro in le sanguine pare etiam esser necessari pro impedir le debilitamento de tote le partes del corpore. Le pelle oleose, que debilita le mucus nutritive necessari al crescimento del capillos, permitte a pena le production del lana que coper le testa. <u>In plus, le calor humide generalmente promove le forte crescimento del animales.</u> In breve, tote iste factores explica le origine del Negro, <u>qui es ben adaptate a su clima, isto es, forte, carnal e agile.</u> Tamen, proque ille es assi abundantemente provite per su terra natal, <u>ille es etiam pigre, indolente e morose.</u></blockquote>
Pro justificar le superioritate del blancos, ille scribe in le mesme essay:<ref name=":4" /><blockquote>Inter le blancos, tamen, iste acidos e le contento alkaline volatile non es reflectite del toto proque le ferro in le liquores corporee ha essite dissolvite, monstrante assi tanto le <u>perfecte mixtura del liquores como le fortia de iste stirpe human in comparation con alteres.</u></blockquote>
Usante le [[quatro temperamentos]] del Grecia antique, Kant proponeva un hierarchia de categorias racial includente europeos blancos, africanos negros e americanos indigenas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |chapter=On the Different Races of Man |title=Race and the Enlightenment: a reader |url=https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse |publisher=Blackwell |year=1997 |isbn=063120136X |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse/page/38 38]–49 |oclc=34663347 |orig-date=1775, 1777}}</ref> Ben que ille esseva un defensor del [[racismo scientific]] durante le major parte de su carriera, le opiniones de Kant super le racia cambiava significantemente durante le ultime decennio de su vita, e ille finalmente rejectava le [[colonialismo]] europee in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795), e possibilemente abandonava su opiniones super le hierarchias racial tamben (ben que ille nunquam los repudiava explicitemente).{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112}}<ref name=":2" />{{efn|Kant scribeva que "[Le blancos] contine tote le impulsos del natura in affectiones e passiones, tote le talentos, tote le dispositiones al cultura e civilisation e pote tanto facilemente obedir como governar. Illes es le sol personas qui sempre progresse verso le perfection." Il describe le sud-asiaticos como "educate al grado le plus alte ma solmente in le artes e non in le scientias". Il dice que le Hindustanis nunquam pote attinger le nivello del conceptos abstracte e que un "grande hindustani" es un qui ha "progresso multo in le arte del deception e possede multe moneta". Il affirma que le hindus remane sempre como illes es e nunquam pote progressar. Super le africanos negros, Kant scribeva que "illos pote esser educate ma solmente como servientes, isto es, illes se lassa formar". Pro Kant, "le Negro pote esser disciplinate e cultivate, ma nunquam es vermente civilisate. Il cade de su proprie accordo in le savagitate." Super le americanos indigenas, Kant opinava que illes "non pote esser educate". Il los appellava immotivate, carente de affection, passion e amor, e los describerea como troppo debile pro labor, inapte a ulle cultura, e troppo [[Quatro temperamentos|flemmatic]] pro diligentia. Il diceva que le americanos indigenas es "multo infra le Negro, qui sin dubita occupa le plus basse de tote le nivellos restante per le quales nos designa le differente racias". Kant declarava que "le americanos e le negros non pote governar se mesme. Illes servi assi solmente como sclavos."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=169–193}}{{sfn|Bowersox|2016}}}} Kant esseva un adversario del [[Miscegenation|miscigenation]], credente que le blancos esserea "degradate" e que le "fusion de racias" es indesirabile, proque "non cata racia adopta le costumes e le mores del europeos". Il declara que "in loco del assimilation, que esseva intendite per le mixtura del varie racias, le natura ha hic facite un lege justo del contrario".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:320</ref> Kant esseva etiam un antisemita, credente que le [[Judaeos|judeos]] esseva incapace de transcender le fortias material, lo que un ordine moral exigeva. In iste maniera, le judeos es presentate como le contrario de christianos autonome e rational, e ergo incapace de esser incorporate in un societate christian etic. In su "Anthropologia", Kant appellava le judeos "un nation de fraudatores" e los representava como "un gruppo que ha sequite non le via del libertate transcendental ma illo del sclavitude al mundo material".{{sfn|Shrage|2019}}
Mills scribeva que Kant ha essite "purificate pro le consumption public"; su obras raciste esseva convenientemente ignorate.{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=95–97}} [[Robert Bernasconi]] affirmava que Kant "forniva le prime definition scientific de racia". [[Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze]] es creditate con haber portate al lumine le contributiones de Kant al racismo durante le annos 1990 inter le philosophos occidental, qui, secundo ille, frequentemente dissimulava iste parte de su vita e obra.{{sfn|Bouie|2018}} Pauline Kleingeld argumenta que, ben que Kant "defendeva un hierarchia racial al minus usque al fin del annos 1780", su opiniones super le racia cambiava significantemente in obras publicate durante le ultime decennio de su vita. In particular, illa argumenta que Kant rejectava opiniones anterior ligate al hierarchias racial e al derectos o statuto moral diminuite de non-blancos in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795). Iste obra contineva etiam argumentos extensive contra le [[colonialismo]] europee, que ille declarava moralmente injuste e incompatibile con le derectos equal possedite per le populationes indigene. Kleingeld argumenta que iste cambio in le opiniones de Kant plus tarde in su vita ha essite frequentemente oblidate o ignorate in le litteratura super le anthropologia raciste de Kant, e que le cambio suggere un recognition tardive del facto que le hierarchia racial esseva incompatibile con un quadro moral universalitate.{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}
Ben que le rhetoric raciste de Kant es indicative del stato del erudition e del scientia in le XVIII seculo, le philosopho german [[Daniel-Pascal Zorn]] explica le risco de prender citationes del epocha foras de lor contexto. Multe del citationes le plus outrageous de Kant proveni ab un serie de articulos de 1777–1788, un intercambio public inter Kant, Herder, le scientista natural [[Georg Forster]], e altere eruditos eminente de ille epocha.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race: late eighteenth-century writings |date=2013 |others=Jon M. Mikkelsen |isbn=978-1461943129 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany |oclc=861693001 |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref>{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=298–301, 343–345}}<ref>cf. Kant, ''DCHR'' 8:91–106</ref> Kant affirma que tote le racias del humanitate es del mesme specie, contestante le position de Forster e alteres que le racias esseva species distincte. Ben que su commentario es clarmente partial in alcun casos, certe assertiones extreme esseva specialmente formulate pro paraphrasar o contradir Forster e altere autores.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Considerante le arco complete del erudition de Kant, Zorn nota le progression tanto in su obras philosophic como anthropologic, "con le qual ille argumenta, contra le ''zeitgeist'', pro le unitate del humanitate".<ref name=":1" />
==== Vistas super le feminas ====
Le opiniones de Kant super le feminas pote esser trovate in su obras como ''Observationes'' (1764) e ''Anthropologia'' (1798), in le quales, negante al feminas le plen capacitate pro principios moral e le equal stato civic, ille los tracta como moralmente e politicemente subordinate al homines, e non como agentes complete in lor proprie derecto. Kant credeva que homines e feminas es naturalmente differente e debe sviluppar differente typos de excellentia: le homines es characterisate per ration, principios e le "sublime", durante que le feminas es characterisate per sentimento, beltate e sensibilitate. Il susteneva que le feminas es intelligente, ma credeva que illas non age secundo principios moral abstracte in le mesme maniera que le homines; in vice de isto, illas possede un "belle virtute" fundate super sympathia, cura e judicio emotional plus tosto que super deber rational. In su obra precoce ille videva iste virtute feminine como valorose e socialmente benefic, ma in su scriptos posterior ille negava sempre plus le capacitate del feminas pro ver autonomia moral, argumentante que solmente le action rational governate per principios constitue le plen virtute. Como resultato, Kant veniva a considerar le feminas como inadapte al plen equalitate moral e politic, assignante les un rolo principal in le matrimonio, le harmonia social e le refinamento del societate, plus tosto que in un vita moral o civic independente.<ref name=":3" />
==Influentia e hereditage==
[[File:300Jahrfeier.jpg|thumb|Poster celebrante le 300 annos del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], 1844. Inter alteres, Kant e [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]] es honorate.]]
Le influentia de Kant super le pensamento occidental ha essite profunde.{{efn|Oliver A. Johnson asserta que, "con le possibile exception del ''Republica'' de Plato, (''Critica del ration pur'') es le libro philosophic le plus importante jam scripte." Articulo super Kant in le collection ''Great thinkers of the Western World'', Ian P. McGreal, Ed., HarperCollins, 1992.}} Ben que le principios basic del [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant (isto es, que le spatio e le tempore es formas ''a priori'' del perception human plus tosto que proprietates real e le assertion que le logica formal e le logica transcendental coincide) ha essite declarate false per le scientia e le logica moderne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Strawson|first=Peter|title=Bounds of Sense: Essay on Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"|year=1966|url=https://archive.org/details/boundsofsenseess0000stra_u5x0|id={{ASIN|0415040302|country=uk}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Einstein on Kant|url=https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html|access-date=2 September 2020|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html#:~:text=Einstein%20wrote:,withstand%20the%20test%20of%20time.&text=However,%20if%20one%20does%20not,and%20norms%20of%20Kant%27s%20system.|url-status=live|accessdate=25 August 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html}}]()</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perrick|first=Michael|date=1985|title=Kant and Kripke on Necessary Empirical Truths|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mind_1985-10_94_376/page/596|journal=Mind|volume=94|issue=376|pages=596–598|doi=10.1093/mind/XCIV.376.596|jstor=2254731|issn=0026-4423}}</ref> e non determina plus le agenda intellectual del philosophos contemporanee, Kant es creditate con haber innovate le maniera in que le investigation philosophic esseva effectuate al minus usque al initio del dece-none seculo.<!--not very long! early twentieth?--> Iste cambio consisteva de plure innovationes intimemente relationate que, ben que multo controverse in se mesme, deveniva importante in philosophia ulterior e in le scientias social in senso large:
* Le subjecto human vidite como le centro del investigation del cognoscentia human, de sorta que es impossibile philosophar super cosas como illos existe independentemente del perception human o de como illos es "pro nos";<ref>Stephen Palmquist, "The Architectonic Form of Kant's Copernican Logic", ''Metaphilosophy'' 17:4 (October 1986), pp. 266–288; revised and reprinted as Chapter III of [[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) Kant's System of Perspectives] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) |date=14 April 2012 }}: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993).</ref>
* le notion que il es possibile discoperir e explorar systematicamente le limites inherente del capacitate human de cognoscer completemente ''a priori'';
* le notion del "imperative categoric", un assertion que le personas es naturalmente dotate del capacitate e del obligation verso le recte ration e le action. Forsan su citation le plus famose es prendite del ''Critica del ration practic'': "Duo cosas plen mi mente de admiration e reverentia sempre nove e crescente ... : ''le celo stellate supra me e le lege moral intra me''";<ref>Kant, ''CPracR'' 5:161</ref>
* le concepto de "conditiones de possibilitate", como in su notion del "conditiones del experientia possibile"; isto es, que cosas, cognoscentia e formas de conscientia se basa super conditiones precedente que los rende possibile, de sorta que, pro comprender o cognoscer los, plure conditiones debe esser comprendite:
** le assertion que le experientia objective es activemente constituite o construite per le functionamento del mente human;
** le concepto del autonomia moral como central al humanitate; e
** le assertion del principio que le esseres human debe esser tractate como fines e non simplemente como medios.
* le [[Distinction analytic–synthetic|distinction analytic-synthetic]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | chapter=The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction | date=2023 | publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University | chapter-url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan) }}</ref>
Le ideas de Kant ha essite incorporate in un varietate de scholas de pensamento. Illos include [[Idealismo german|idealismo german]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Beiser |first=Frederick C. |author-link=Frederick C. Beiser |title=German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 |url=https://archive.org/details/germanidealismst0000beis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |date=2002 |isbn=978-0674007703 |pages=Part I}}</ref> [[Marxismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=McLellan |first=David |title=Marxism after Marx |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=1998 |isbn=978-0333738399 |pages=22–25}}</ref> [[Positivismo|positivismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kolakowski |first=Leszek |title=Positivist Philosophy: From Hume to the Vienna Circle |url=https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1972 |isbn=0140212248 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak/page/67 67]–69}}</ref> [[Phenomenologia (philosophia)|phenomenologia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Carman |first=Taylor |title=Merleau-Ponty |publisher=Routledge |date=2008 |isbn=978-0415360616 |pages=34–36}}</ref> [[Existentialismo|existentialismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Walter |title=Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301 |publisher=Meridian Books |date=1989 |isbn=978-0452009301 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301/page/n10 9]–12}}</ref> [[Theoria critic|theoria critic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Habermas |first=Jürgen |title=The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe |publisher=MIT Press |date=1987 |isbn=978-0745608303 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe/page/109 109]–113}}</ref> [[Philosophia linguistic|philosophia linguistic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dummett |first=Michael |title=Origins of Analytical Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1996 |isbn=978-0674644731 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm/page/45 45]–47}}</ref> [[Structuralismo|structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Piaget |first=Jean |title=Structuralism |publisher=Routledge |date=2001 |isbn=978-0415262491 |pages=10–12}}</ref> [[Poststructuralismo|post-structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Norris |first=Christopher |title=Deconstruction: Theory and Practice |url=https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr |publisher=Routledge |date=2003 |isbn=978-0415061742 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr/page/40 40]–42}}</ref> e [[Deconstruction|deconstruction]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Culler |first=Jonathan |title=On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0801479182 |pages=53–56}}</ref>
===Influentia historic===
[[File:Kant Kaliningrad.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Statua de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Replica per {{Interlanguage link|Harald Haacke|de}} del original per [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], que esseva perdite in 1945.]]
Durante su proprie vita, multo attention critic esseva dedicate al pensamento de Kant. Il influentiava [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], e [[Novalis]] durante le annos 1780 e 1790. [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] esseva grandemente influentiate per Kant e adjutava a diffunder le cognoscentia de ille, e del Idealismo german in general, in le Regno Unite e le Statos Unite. In su ''[[Biographia Literaria]]'' (1817), ille attribue al ideas de Kant su conviction que le mente non es un agente passive, ma un agente active in le apprehension del realitate. Hegel esseva un del prime grande criticos de Kant. Secundo Hegel, le integre projecto de separar un "subjecto transcendental" (isto es, le conscientia human) tanto del individuo vivente como del natura, historia e societate esseva fundamentalmente defective,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline|year=1827|location=Heidelberg|pages=14–15}}</ref> ben que partes de ille projecto poteva esser utilisate in un nove direction. Concernements similar motivava le criticas de Hegel del concepto de autonomia moral de Kant, al qual Hegel opponeva un ethica centrate super le "vita ethic" del communitate.{{efn|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, ''Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences''. trans. T.M. Knox. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975. Hegel's mature view and his concept of "ethical life" is elaborated in his ''Philosophy of Right''. Hegel, ''Philosophy of Right''. trans. T.M. Knox. Oxford University Press, 1967.}} In un senso, le notion de Hegel del "vita ethic" es intendite a includer, plus tosto que reimplaciar, le [[Ethica kantian|ethica kantian]]. E Hegel pote esser vidite como attemptante defender le idea de libertate de Kant como un superar le "desiderios" finite per medio del ration. Assi, in contrasto con criticos ulterior como Nietzsche o Russell, Hegel comparti alcun del preoccupationes de Kant.{{efn|Robert Pippin's ''Hegel's Idealism'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) emphasizes the continuity of Hegel's concerns with Kant's. Robert Wallace, ''Hegel's Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) explains how Hegel's ''Science of Logic'' defends Kant's idea of freedom as going beyond finite "inclinations", contra skeptics such as David Hume.}}
Le pensamento de Kant super le religion esseva usate in Britannia per philosophos como [[Thomas Carlyle]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cody |first=David |date= |title=Carlyle: Sources and Influence |url=[https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html](https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html) |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=The Victorian Web}}</ref> pro contestar le declino del fide religiose in le dece-none seculo. Autores catholic britanno, notabilemente [[G. K. Chesterton]] e [[Hilaire Belloc]], sequeva iste approccio.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morse |first=David |title=The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism |url=https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333913918 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi/page/198 198]–200}}</ref> Criticas de Kant esseva commun in le vistas realista del nove [[Positivismo|positivismo]] de ille tempore. [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] esseva fortemente influentiate per le [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant. Como [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi]], [[Salomon Maimon]], [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]] e Fichte ante ille, Schopenhauer esseva critic de le theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Le cosas-in-se, illes argumentava, non es ni le causa de lo que nos observa, ni completemente foras de nostre accesso. Desde le ''Critica del ration pur'', philosophos ha essite criticos del theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Multes ha argomentate que, si un tal cosa existe ultra le experientia, alora on non pote postular que illo nos affice causalmente, proque isto implicarea extender le categoria "causalitate" ultra le dominio del experientia.{{efn|For a review of this problem and the relevant literature see ''The Thing in Itself and the Problem of Affection'' in the revised edition of Henry Allison's ''Kant's Transcendental Idealism''.}}
Con le successo e le large influentia del scriptos de Hegel, le proprie influentia de Kant comenciava a declinar, ma un reevaluation de su ideas comenciava in Germania in 1865 con le publication de ''Kant und die Epigonen'' per [[Otto Liebmann]], cu motto esseva "Retro a Kant". Il sequeva un importante renascentia del philosophia theoric de Kant, cognoscite como [[Neo-kantianismo|neo-kantianismo]]. Le notion de Kant del "critica" ha essite plus largemente influente. Le prime romanticos german, specialmente [[Friedrich Schlegel]] in su "Fragmentos de Athenaeum", usava le conception reflexive de Kant del critica in lor theoria romantic del poesia.<ref>Schlegel, Friedrich. "Athenaeum Fragments", in ''Philosophical Fragments''. Trans. Peter Firchow. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991. See especially fragments Nos. 1, 43, 44.</ref> In le [[aesthetica]] tamben, [[Clement Greenberg]], in su essay classic "Modernist Painting", usa le critica kantian, que Greenberg appella "critica immanente", pro justificar le objectivos del [[Arte abstracte|pictura abstracte]], un movimento que Greenberg videva como consciente del limitation clave — le planitate — que constitue le medio del pictura.<ref>Greenberg, Clement. "Modernist Painting", in ''The Philosophy of Art'', ed. Alex Neill and Aaron Ridley, McGraw-Hill, 1995.</ref> Le philosopho francese [[Michel Foucault]] esseva etiam grandemente influentiate per le notion de Kant de "critica" e scribeva plure textos super Kant pro reexaminar le Illuminismo como un forma de "pensamento critic". Il iva usque a classificar su proprie philosophia como un "historia critic del modernitate, radicate in Kant".<ref>See "Essential Works of Foucault: 1954–1984 vol. 2: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology". Ed. by James Faubion, Trans. Robert Hurley et al. New York City: The New Press, 1998 (2010 reprint). See "Foucault, Michel, 1926 –" entry by Maurice Florence.</ref>
Kant credeva que le veritates mathematic es formas de cognoscentia [[Synthetic a priori|synthetic ''a priori'']], lo que significa que illos es necessari e universal, ma cognoscite per le intuition ''a priori'' del spatio e del tempore, como preconditiones transcendental del experientia.<ref>For a discussion and qualified defense of this position, see Stephen Palmquist, "A Priori Knowledge in Perspective: (I) Mathematics, Method and Pure Intuition", ''The Review of Metaphysics'' 41:1 (September 1987), pp. 3–22.</ref> Le commentarios frequentemente breve de Kant super le [[Mathematica|mathematica]] influentiava le schola mathematic cognoscite como [[Intuitionismo|intuitionismo]], un movimento in le [[philosophia del mathematica]] opponite al [[Formalismo (mathematica)|formalismo]] de [[David Hilbert]] e al [[Logicismo|logicismo]] de [[Gottlob Frege]] e [[Bertrand Russell]].{{efn|[[Stephan Körner|Körner, Stephan]], ''The Philosophy of Mathematics'', Dover, 1986. For an analysis of Kant's writings on mathematics see, Friedman, Michael, ''Kant and the Exact Sciences'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992.}}
===Influentia super pensatores moderne===
[[File:DBP - 250 Jahre Immanuel Kant - 90 Pfennig - 1974.jpg|thumb|upright|Marca postalde [[Germania Occidental]], 1974, commemorante le 250me anniversario del nascentia de Kant]]
Con su ''Pace perpetue'', Kant es considerate como habente prefigurate multe del ideas que veniva a formar le [[theoria del pace democratic]], un del principal controversias in le [[scientia politic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ray|first=James Lee|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|title=Does Democracy Cause Peace?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|archive-date=17 February 2008|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|year=1998|volume=1|pages=27–46|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm |date=17 February 2008 }}</ref> Plus concretemente, le theorista constructivista [[Alexander Wendt]] proponeva que le anarchia del systema international pote evolver ab le anarchia hobbesian "brutal" comprendite per le theoristas realista, trans [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], per le anarchia lockean, e finalmente verso un anarchia kantian in le qual le estados vidererea lor interesses proprie como inseparabilemente ligate al benesser de altere estados, transformante assi le politica international in un forma multo plus pacific.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wendt |first=Alexander |title=Social Theory of International Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/socialtheoryofin0000wend_z8x6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |pages=chapter 6}}</ref>
Inter le kantians prominente recente se trova le philosophos britanno [[P. F. Strawson]],{{efn|Strawson, P.F., ''The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason''. Routledge: 2004. When first published in 1966, this book forced many Anglo-American philosophers to reconsider Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''.}} [[Onora O'Neill]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|title=Onora O'Neill Wins Holberg Prize for Academic Research|last=Aridi|first=Sara|date=14 March 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 January 2019|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109111404/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|url-status=live}}</ref> e [[Quassim Cassam]],<ref>Cassam, Q. ''The Possibility of Knowledge'' Oxford: 2009</ref> e le philosophos american [[Wilfrid Sellars]],<ref>Sellars, Wilfrid, ''Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes''. Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1967</ref> [[Lewis White Beck]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&q=lEWIS+wHITE+bECK#v=snippet&q=lEWIS%20wHITE%20bECK&f=false ''Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers''. Shook, John R. Ed. Thoemmes Continuum, Bristol], 2005 p. 166 {{ISBN|9781843710370}} Lewis White Beck on Google Books</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236806211_Lewis_White_Beck_on_Reasons_and_Causes "Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. ''Journal on the History of Ideas'' July, 2002 63 (3) pp. 539–548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net]</ref> e [[Christine Korsgaard]].{{efn|Korsgaard, Christine. ''Creating the Kingdom of Ends''. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.{{ISBN|978-0521496445}} ''Not a commentary, but a defense of a broadly Kantian approach to ethics''.}} A causa del influentia de Strawson e Sellars, inter alteres, il ha habite un renovate interesse in le conception de Kant del mente. Central a multe debattos in le [[philosophia del psychologia]] e le [[scientia cognitiv]] es le conception de Kant del unitate del conscientia.
[[Jürgen Habermas]] e [[John Rawls]] es duo importante philosophos politic e moral cuje obra es fortemente influentiate per le philosophia moral de Kant.{{efn|See Habermas, J. ''Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action''. Trans. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1996. For Rawls see, Rawls, John. ''Theory of Justice'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971. Rawls has a well-known essay on Kant's concept of good. See, Rawls, "Themes in Kant's Moral Philosophy" in ''Kant's Transcendental Deductions''. Ed. Eckart Förster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.}} Illes ha argomentate contra le [[relativismo]],<ref>Habermas, J. (1994): The Unity of Reason in the Diversity of Its Voices. In: Habermas, J. (Ed.): ''Postmetaphysical Thinking. Political Essays'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: 115–148.</ref> supportante le opinion kantian que le universalitate es essential a omne philosophia moral viabile. Le studio de [[Mou Zongsan]] super Kant ha essite citate como un parte multo crucial in le disveloppamento del philosophia personal de Mou, specialmente le [[Neo-confucianismo|Neo-confucianismo]]. Largemente considerate le studioso de Kant le plus influente in China, le critique rigorose de Mou del philosophia de Kant — habente traducite le tres [[Critica del ration pur|criticas]] de Kant — serviva como un attempto ardente de reconciliar le philosophia chinese e occidental durante que illo accresceva le pression pro [[Westernization|occidentalisation]] in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Palmquist |first1=Stephen |title=Cultivating Personhood: Kant and Asian Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm |url-access=limited |year= 2010 |publisher=De Gruyter, Inc. |location=Hong Kong |isbn=978-3110226249|page=[https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm/page/n43 25] |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wing-Cheuk |first1=Chan |title=Mou Zongsan's Transformation of Kant's Philosophy |journal=Journal of Chinese Philosophy |date=21 February 2006 |volume=33 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6253.2006.00340.x }}</ref>
[[File:Kant-Münze DDR.jpg|thumb|upright|Moneta commemorative del [[Germania Oriental|Germania Oriental]] in honor de Kant, 1974]]
A causa del profunditate del cambio de paradigma de Kant, su influentia se extende multo ultra isto a pensatores qui ni refere specificamente a su obra ni usa su terminologia. Le influentia de Kant se extendeva al scientias social, comportamental e physic — como in le sociologia de [[Max Weber]], le psychologia de [[Jean Piaget]] e [[Carl Jung]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Whether jung was a kantian? |journal=Con-Textos Kantianos |year=2016 |issue=4 |pages=118–126 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.2550828 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719 |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055819/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719_Whether_jung_was_a_kantian |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Kant and Jung on the prospects of Scientific Psychology |journal=Estudos Kantianos |year=2017 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=357–390 |doi=10.36311/2318-0501.2017.v5n1.26.p375 |url=https://philpapers.org/archive/BALIKA.pdf |doi-access=free |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref> Le obra de Kant super mathematica e cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' es etiam citate per le physico theoric [[Albert Einstein]] como un influentia precoce super su disveloppamento intellectual, ben que illo esseva un influentia que ille plus tarde criticava e rejectava.<ref>Isaacson, Walter. "Einstein: His Life and Universe". p. 20.</ref> In le annos 2020, il ha essite un interesse renovate in le theoria de Kant super le mente ab le puncto de vista del [[logica formal]] e del [[informatica]].<ref>Theodora Achourioti & Michiel van Lambalgen, 'A Formalization of Kant's Transcendental Logic', ''The Review of Symbolic Logic'', 4 (2011), 254–289.</ref>
===Lista de obras major===
Abbreviationes usate in le corpore del articulo es in '''grasse''' inter consolas. Salvo indication contraire, le pagination es celle del edition critic ''Akademie'', que pote esser trovate in le margines del traductiones de Cambridge.
* 1749: ''[[Pensamentos super le estimation ver de fortias vivente]]'' (''Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte'')
* 1755: ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]'' ['''UNH'''] ({{lang|de|Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels}})
* 1755: ''Breve esquisse de certe meditationes super le foco'' (''Meditationum quarundam de igne succinta delineatio'' ([[thesis de magistro]] sub [[Johann Gottfried Teske]])<ref>The thesis was submitted on 17 April 1755. "The public examination was held four weeks later on 13 May, and the degree was formally awarded on 12 June" (Eric Watkins, ''Kant: Natural Science'', Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 309).</ref><ref>Eric Watkins (ed.), ''Kant and the Sciences'', Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 27.</ref><ref>Martin Schonfeld, ''The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 74.</ref><ref>Available [[https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) online at Bonner Kant-Korpus] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) |date=6 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1755: ''Un nove elucidation del principios prime de cognition metaphysic'' (''Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio'' ([[thesis doctoral]]))<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 27 September 1755 (Kuehn 2001, p. 100).</ref>
* 1756: ''Le uso in philosophia natural de metaphysica combinate con geometria, parte I: Monadologia physic'' ['''PM'''] (''Metaphysicae cum geometrica iunctae usus in philosophia naturali, cuius specimen I. continet monadologiam physicam'', abbreviate como ''Monadologia Physica'' ([[thesis de habilitation]] como requisito pro un position de [[professor extraordinari]]))<ref>Kant's application for the position was unsuccessful. He defended it on 10 April 1756 (Kuehn 2001, p. 102).</ref>
* 1762: ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'' (''Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren'')
* 1763: ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]'' (''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'')
* 1763: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' ['''NQ'''] (''Versuch den Begriff der negativen Größen in die Weltweisheit einzuführen'')
* 1764: ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' ['''OFBS'''] (''Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen'')
* 1764: ''Essay super le morbo del capite'' (''Über die Krankheit des Kopfes'')
* 1764: ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (le ''Essay premiate'') ['''PNTM'''] (''Untersuchungen über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral'')
* 1766: ''[[Somnios de un visionario de spiritos]]'' ['''DSS'''] (''Träume eines Geistersehers'')<ref>Available [[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant](https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant) online at Archive.org].</ref>
* 1768: ''Super le fundamento ultime del differentiation del regiones in spatio'' [1768] (''Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume'')<ref>Immanuel Kant, [[https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) "Concerning the ultimate ground of the differentiation of directions in space"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) |date=16 July 2018 }}.</ref>
* 1770: ''Dissertation super le forma e principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile'' ['''ID'''] (''De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis'' [thesis doctoral])<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 21 August 1770 (Kuehn 2001, p. 189).</ref><ref>Available [[https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) online at Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) |date=3 August 2020 }}.</ref><ref>English translation available [[:s:Kant's Inaugural Dissertation of 1770|online at Wikisource]].</ref>
* 1775: ''Super le differente racias del homines'' (''Über die verschiedenen Rassen der Menschen'')
* 1781: Prime edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR A''']<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The](http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The) Critique of Pure Reason|publisher=Etext.library.adelaide.edu.au|access-date=24 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2](https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2) December 2008}}</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 1. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1783: ''[[Prolegomenos a omne metaphysica futur]]'' ['''PFM'''] (''Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik'')
* 1784: "[[Un responsa al question: Quid es le Illumination?]]" ['''WE?'''] ("''Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?''")<ref>{{cite web|author=Frank-Christian Lilienweihs|url=[http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklaerung?|publisher=Prometheusonline.de|date=10 June 1999|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 August 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1784: "[[Idea pro un historia universal con un fin cosmopolita]]" ['''UH'''] ("''Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht''")
* 1785: "Determination del concepto de un racia human" ['''DCHR'''] (''Bestimmung des Begriffs einer Menschenrace'')
* 1785: ''[[Fundamento del metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''G'''] (''Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten'')
* 1786: ''[[Fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural]]'' ['''MFNS'''] (''Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft'')
* 1786: "Que significa orientar se in le pensar?" ['''OT'''] ("''Was heißt: sich im Denken orientieren?''")
* 1786: ''[[Incipiente conjectural del historia human]]'' ['''CB'''] (''Mutmaßlicher Anfang der Menschengeschichte'')
* 1787: Secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR B''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique) of Pure Reason|publisher=Hkbu.edu.hk|date=31 October 2003|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=27 April 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 2. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|date=20 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=26 December 2005|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1788: ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' ['''CPracR'''] (''Kritik der praktischen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1790: ''[[Critica del judicio]]'' ['''CPJ'''] (''Kritik der Urteilskraft'')
* 1793: ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur]]'' ['''RBMR'''] (''Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft'')<ref name="KReligion"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion](http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion) within the Limits of Reason Alone by Immanuel Kant 1793|publisher=Marxists.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 June 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1793: ''Super le ancian proverbio: Que pote esser correcte in theoria, ma non functiona in le practica'' ['''TP'''] (''Über den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht für die Praxis'')
* 1795: ''[[Pace perpetue: un esquisse philosophic]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant, "Perpetual Peace"|publisher=Mountr Holyoke |access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}})</ref> ['''PP'''] ("''Zum ewigen Frieden''")<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel](http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel) Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden, 12.02.2004 (Friedensratschlag)|publisher=Uni-kassel.de|date=24 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=23 September 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1797: ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''MM'''] (''Metaphysik der Sitten''). Le prime parte es Le Doctrina del Jure, que ha sovente essite publicate separatemente como Le Scientia del Jure.
* 1798: ''[[Anthropologia desde un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' ['''APPV'''] (''Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht'')
* 1798: ''Conflictto del facultates'' ['''CF''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant](http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant), The Contest of Faculties|year=1798|publisher=Chnm.gmu.edu|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Der Streit der Fakultäten'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Der Streit der Facultäten – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1800: ''[[Logica]]'' (''Logik'')
* 1803: ''Super pedagogia'' (''Über Pädagogik'')<ref>Available [[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) online at DeutschesTextArchiv.de] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) |date=10 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1804: ''Opus Postumum'' ['''OP''']
* 1817: ''Lectiones super theologia philosophic'' (''Immanuel Kants Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre'', editate per K. H. L. Pölitz) [Le edition anglese de A. W. Wood & G. M. Clark (Cornell, 1978) es basate super le secunde edition de Pölitz, 1830, de iste lectiones.]{{efn|As noted by [[Allen W. Wood]] in his Introduction, p. 12. Wood further speculates that the lectures themselves were delivered in the Winter of 1783–84.}}
== Notas ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{Ref}}
== Bibliographia ==
=== Introduction ===
* [[Gottfried Gabriel]]: ''Kant. Eine kurze Einführung in das Gesamtwerk.'' UTB, Paderborn 2022, ISBN 978-3-8252-5793-4.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biographie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-498-02491-4.
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Immanuel Kant.'' UTB-Profile/A. Francke, Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7720-8393-8.
* Jean Grondin: ''Kant zur Einführung.'' 3. Auflage. Junius, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-88506-363-8.
* [[Otfried Höffe]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' 7. Auflage. Beck, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-45977-1.
* [[Heiner F. Klemme]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Campus, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-593-37185-5.
* Heiner F. Klemme, Ansgar Lorenz: ''Immanuel Kant. Philosophie für Einsteiger.'' Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7705-6044-8.
* [[Georg Römpp]]: ''Kant leicht gemacht.'' 2. Auflage. UTB/Böhlau, Köln/Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-8252-2707-4.
* Arno Schubbach: ''Immanuel Kant zur Einführung.'' Junius, Hamburg 2022, ISBN 978-3-96060-331-3.
=== Biographias ===
* [[Steffen Dietzsch]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Reclam, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-379-00806-0.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biografie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2005, ISBN 3-499-61365-4.
* Arsenij Gulyga: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-518-45568-0.
* {{BBKL | url=https://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629032840/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml |archivedate=2007-06-29 |autor=Karl Knauß|band=3|spalten=1020-1095}}
* Manfred Kühn: ''Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Beck, München 2004, ISBN 3-406-50918-5.
* [[Wolfgang Ritzel]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-11-010634-5.
* [[Uwe Schultz]]: ''Immanuel Kant in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.'' Erweiterte Neuauflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-499-50659-9.
* [[Karl Vorländer]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/vorlaender-kant.html Immanuel Kant. Der Mann und das Werk].'' Meiner, Leipzig 1924. (3., erweiterte Auflage, Meiner, Hamburg 1992; Reprint: Fourier, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-932412-18-4)
=== Generalitates ===
* [[Josef Bohatec]]: ''Die Religionsphilosophie Kants in der Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer theologisch-dogmatischen Quellen.'' Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1938. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1966)
* [[Ernst Cassirer]]: ''[http://www.archive.org/details/kantslebenundleh00cassuoft Kants Leben und Lehre].'' Berlin 1921. (Band 8 der ''Gesammelten Werke.'') Meiner, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7873-1408-3.
* [[Wolfgang Carl]]: ''Die transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-465-02532-6.
* [[Wolfgang Deppert]]: ''ZEIT – Die Begründung des Zeitbegriffs, seine notwendige Spaltung und der ganzheitliche Charakter seiner Teile.'' nz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-515-05219-4, S. 35–79
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Individualistische Wirtschaftsethik.'' Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-03585-3.
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Theorie der Wissenschaft.'' 4 Bände, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, ISBN 978-3658151232.
* [[Farah Dustdar]]: ''Vom Mikropluralismus zu einem makropluralistischen Politikmodell. Kants wertgebundener Liberalismus'' (= ''[[Beiträge zur politischen Wissenschaft]].'' Band 115). Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-09997-4.
* [[Julius Ebbinghaus]]: ''Gesammelte Aufsätze, Vorträge und Reden.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1968 (enthält die wichtigsten Aufsätze Ebbinghaus’ zu Kants theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie).
* [[Norbert Fischer (Philosoph)|Norbert Fischer]] (Hrsg.): ''Kant und der Katholizismus – Stationen einer wechselhaften Geschichte.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-28507-3.
* Norbert Fischer, [[Maximilian Forschner]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Gottesfrage in der Philosophie Immanuel Kants.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-30135-3.
* [[Volker Gerhardt]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Vernunft und Leben.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-018235-2.
* {{Literatur |Autor=Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Weber, Maja Schepelmann |Titel=Immanuel Kant 1724-2024: ein europäischer Denker|Verlag=De Gruyter Oldenbourg |Datum=2022 |Reihe=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa, 83 |ISBN=978-3-11-076281-5}}
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Wie ist Freiheit möglich? Eine Untersuchung über das Lösungspotenzial zum Determinismusproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Francke, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-7720-8360-0.
* Ina Goy: ''Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar, eine Lesart, eine historische Einordnung'' (= Kant-Studien, Ergänzunghefte, Bd. 190). de Gruyter, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-047110-6.
* Inan Goy (Hrsg.): ''Kant on proofs for God's existence.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-068890-0.
* Dietmar Heidemann, Kristina Engelhard (Hrsg.): ''Warum Kant heute? Systematische Bedeutung und Rezeption seiner Philosophie in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-11-017477-4.
* [[Otfried Höffe]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft.'' Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003576-5.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Königliche Völker. Zu Kants kosmopolitischer Rechts- und Friedenstheorie.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-518-29119-X.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Die Grundlegung der modernen Philosophie.'' Beck, München 2003, ISBN 3-406-50919-3.
* Dieter Hüning, Burkhard Tuschling (Hrsg.): ''Recht, Staat und Völkerrecht bei Immanuel Kant. Marburger Tagung zu Kants „Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Rechtslehre“.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-428-09602-9.
* [[Karl Jaspers]]: ''Kant. Leben, Werke, Wirkung.'' Piper, München 1975, ISBN 3-492-00424-5.
* [[Wolfgang Kersting]]: ''Wohlgeordnete Freiheit. Immanuel Kants Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie.'' 3., erweiterte und bearbeitete Auflage. Mentis-Verlag, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-89785-587-8.
* Nikolai F. Klimmek: ''Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen'' (= ''Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte.'' Band 147). De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-11-018349-8.
* [[Rudolf Langthaler]] und Magnus Striet: ''Vernunftreligion statt Kirchenglaube? Kants unerledigte Anfragen an die Theologie''. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2024, ISBN 978-3-451-02413-9.
* Darius Koriako: ''Kants Philosophie der Mathematik. Grundlagen – Voraussetzungen – Probleme.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7873-1429-6.
* Günter Lottes, Uwe Steiner (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant. German Professor and World-Philosopher. Deutscher Professor und Weltphilosoph.'' Wehrhahn, Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-86525-214-2.
* [[Werner Moskopp]]: ''Struktur und Dynamik in Kants Kritiken. Kantstudien Ergänzungshefte.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-021232-7.
* Roland Mugerauer: ''Immanuel Kants transzendentaler Kritizismus und die Frage nach Gott: eine orientierende Skizze.'' Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, Baden-Baden 2021, ISBN 978-3-8288-4711-8.
* Robert Nehring: ''Kritik des Common Sense: Gesunder Menschenverstand, reflektierende Urteilskraft und Gemeinsinn – der Sensus communis bei Kant.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-13161-7.
* [[Günther Patzig]]: ''Wie sind synthetische Urteile a priori möglich?'' In: Josef Speck (Hrsg.): ''Grundprobleme der großen Philosophen. Philosophie der Neuzeit II.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-03306-0.
* Jannis Pissis: ''Kants transzendentale Dialektik.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-028156-9.
* [[Hermann Schmitz (Philosoph)|Hermann Schmitz]]: ''Was wollte Kant?'' Bouvier, Bonn 1989, ISBN 3-416-02178-9.
* Jürgen Stolzenberg (Hrsg.): ''Kant in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017529-5.
* [[Dieter Sturma]], Karl Ameriks (Hrsg.): ''Kants Ethik.'' Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-89785-308-6.
* [[Werner Thiede]] (Hrsg.): ''Glauben aus eigener Vernunft? Kants Religionsphilosophie und die Theologie.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-56703-0.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]]: Kant: Die Revolution des Denkens. C. H. Beck, München 2023, ISBN 3-406-80743-7
=== Critica ===
* [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]]: ''Kritik der theoretischen Philosophie,'' Band [https://books.google.de/books?id=sAUHAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 1] und [https://books.google.de/books?id=Is8AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 2], Hamburg 1801 (als Kommentar zur ''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'' angelegt; Kritik vom Standpunkt des britischen Empirismus).
* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]: ''[http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schopenhauer,+Arthur/Die+Welt+als+Wille+und+Vorstellung/Erster+Band/Anhang.+Kritik+der+Kantischen+Philosophie Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie].'' In: ''[[Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]].'' (Erster Band. Anhang)
* [[Broder Christiansen]]: ''Kantkritik. 1. Teil. Kritik der kantischen Erkenntnislehre.'' Clauss und Feddersen, Hanau 1911.
* Bernward Gesang (Hrsg.): ''Kants vergessener Rezensent. Die Kritik der theoretischen und praktischen Philosophie Kants in fünf frühen Rezensionen von [[Hermann Andreas Pistorius]].'' In: ''Kant-Forschungen.'' Bd. 18, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7873-1823-0, S. XI ([http://books.google.de/books?id=ZvhA6H7a2j8C&pg=PR11 Digitalisat]).
* [[Otto Willmann]]: ''Geschichte des Idealismus, Band 3: Der Idealismus der Neuzeit.'' Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-03710-7 (Darin insbesondere: Kapitel XV: ''Die Subjektivierung des Idealen durch Kants Autonomismus'').
* [[Engelbert Recktenwald]]: ''Gott, Freiheit und moralisches Gesetz. Kritische Untersuchungen zur Ethik Kants''. Verlag Karl Alber, Baden-Baden 2025, ISBN 978-3-495-98957-9.
=== Opus postumum ===
* [[Erich Adickes]]: ''Kants Opus postumum dargestellt und beurteilt.'' Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1920 (Kant-Studien. Ergänzungshefte; Nr. 50).
* [[Kurt Hübner (Philosoph)|Kurt Hübner]]: ''Leib und Erfahrung in Kants Opus postumum.'' In: Gerold Prauss (Hrsg.): ''Kant: Zur Deutung seiner Theorie von Erkennen und Handeln.'' Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 1973, ISBN 3-462-00962-1, S. 192–204.
* Dina Emundts: ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im „Opus postumum“. Zur Rolle des Nachlasswerkes für die Grundlegung der empirischen Physik'' (= ''Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie.'' Band 62). De Gruyter, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-11-018052-9.
=== Instrumentos auxiliare ===
* [[Rudolf Eisler (Philosoph)|Rudolf Eisler]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/kant-lexikon.html Kant-Lexikon. Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlaß].'' Berlin 1930. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1984, ISBN 3-487-00744-4)
* [[Heinz Heimsoeth]]: ''Astronomisches und Theologisches in Kants Weltverständnis'' (= ''Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz.'' Jahrgang 1963, Nr. 9).
* [[Gerd Irrlitz]]: ''Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01234-4.
* ''Kant im Kontext.'' III: ''Werke, Briefwechsel, Nachlass und Vorlesungen auf CD-ROM.'' Komplettausgabe 2007 von Immanuel Kant. InfoSoftWare, ISBN 978-3-932094-29-3. (2., erw. Auflage. 2009)
* [[Rudolf Malter]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant in Rede und Gespräch.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7873-1382-6.
* [[Carl Christian Erhard Schmid]]: ''Wörterbuch zum leichtern Gebrauch der Kantischen Schriften.'' 4. Auflage Jena 1798 [http://books.google.de/books?id=3_YGAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Carl+Christian+Erhard+Schmid%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6v4sUdiSOYTk4QTy8oA4&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false (Google)]
* ''Immanuel Kant: Die drei Kritiken in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Gesamtwerk.'' Mit einem verbindenden Text zusammengefasst von Raymund Schmidt. Leipzig 1933.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]], Jürgen Stolzenberg, [[Georg Mohr (Philosoph)|Georg Mohr]], Stefano Bacin (Hrsg.): ''Kant-Lexikon.'' 3 Bände. De Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-017259-1.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Immanuel}}
[[Categoria:Philosophos]]
[[Categoria:Gente german]]
[[Categoria:Philosophos politic]]
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'''Immanuel Kant'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|k|æ|n|t}},<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223061940/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant |date=23 February 2026 }}. ''[[Collins English Dictionary|Dictionario anglese de Collins]]''.</ref><ref>[[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023143832/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant |date=23 October 2014 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Dictionario non-abbreviate de anglese de Random House Webster]]''.</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|n|t}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant|lang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|title=Immanuel|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055817/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|title=Kant|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182053/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|url-status=live}}</ref>}} (nasceva como '''Emanuel Kant'''; 22 april 1724 – 12 februario 1804) esseva un [[philosopho]] german. Nascite in [[Königsberg]] in le [[Regno de Prussia]], ille es considerate un del pensatores central del [[Illuminismo]]. Su obras comprehensive e systematic in [[epistemologia]], [[metaphysica]], [[logica]], [[ethica]], [[esthetica]], [[theoria politic]], e le [[philosophia del religion]] ha facite de ille un del figuras le plus influente e le plus discutite del [[philosophia occidental]] moderne.
Le philosophia de Kant es centrate super le subjecto human e motivate per le desiro de assecurar le possibilitate tanto del cognoscentia como del moralitate contra le menacias del [[scepticismo]] e del [[determinismo]]. In le ''[[Critica del ration pur|Critica del Ration Pur]]'' (1781/1787), Kant argumenta in favor de [[idealismo transcendental]], le doctrina que [[spatio]] e [[tempore]] es solmente "formas de [[Anschauung|intuition]]" ({{Langx|de|[[Anschauung]]|links=no}}) que structura tote le [[experientia]] e que nos ha cognoscentia solmente del "apparentias" e non del natura de [[Cosa in se|cosas in se mesme]]. Kant faceva un parallel con le [[Revolution copernican|Revolution copernican]] in su proposition de considerar le objectos del experientia como conforme al formas spatial e temporal de [[Anschauung|intuition]] del personas e al [[Categoria (Kant)|categorias]] del intellecto, in loco del methodo traditional de monstrar como le mente poterea conformar se a su objectos.
Kant credeva que le [[ration]] es le fonte del [[moralitate]] e que le [[imperativo categoric]] obliga tote agentes rational. Il credeva que le esthetica nasce de un facultate de judicio disinteressate. Kant sperava que le [[pace]] perpetue poterea esser assecurate per medio de un [[federation]] international de statos [[republicanismo|republican]] e per le [[multilateralismo|cooperation international]]. Kant credeva que le religion ver es fundate super le moralitate. Le natura exacte de su conceptiones religiose es un question disputate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasternack |first=Lawrence |date=March 2020 |title=On the Alleged Augustinianism in Kant’s Religion |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/kantian-review/article/abs/on-the-alleged-augustinianism-in-kants-religion/FE116D6118D49612EF6F3C4181EF2A74] |journal=Kantian Review |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1017/S1369415419000487 |issn=1369-4154}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palmquist |first=Stephen |last2=The Society of Christian Philosophers |date=1989 |title=Immanuel Kant: A Christian Philosopher? |url=https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol6/iss1/5|journal=Faith and Philosophy |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.5840/faithphil1989619 |issn=0739-7046}}</ref>
==Prime annos de vita==
Immanuel Kant nasceva le 22 april 1724 in un familia german prussian de fide [[Lutheranismo|lutheran]] in [[Königsberg]] in [[Prussia Oriental]] (hodie [[Oblast de Kaliningrad]], Russia). Su matre, Anna Regina Reuter, nasceva in Königsberg de un patre originari de [[Nuremberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |title=Cosmopolis |website=Koenigsberg-is-dead.de |date=23 April 2001 |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-date=22 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322094741/http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Su supernomine es a vices erroneemente date como Porter. Le patre de Kant, Johann Georg Kant, esseva un fabricante german de harneses originari de [[Klaipėda|Memel]],{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} al tempore le citate le plus nord-oriental de Prussia (hodie Klaipėda, Lituania). Kant credeva que su familia esseva de origine scotic, ben que isto non ha essite verificate per recerca genealogic.<ref>R. K. Murray, "The Origin of Immanuel Kant's Family Name", ''Kantian Review'' '''13'''(1), March 2008, pp. 190–193.</ref>
Kant esseva baptisate como Emanuel, cambiante le orthographia de su nomine a Immanuel post haber apprendite le [[lingua hebraic|hebraico]].{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} Il esseva le quarto de novem filios (sex del qual attingeva le etate adulte).<ref>{{cite web |last=Haupt |first=Viktor |title=Rede des Bohnenkönigs – Von Petersburg bis Panama – Die Genealogie der Familie Kant |url=https://www.freunde-kants.com/kopie-von-kant-war-ostpreusse-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015 |website=freunde-kants.com |page=7 |language=de |accessdate=25 August 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf }}</ref> Le familia Kant accentuava le valores [[Pietismo|pietistic]] de devotion religiose, humilitate, e un interpretation literal del [[Biblia]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Pasternack |first1=Lawrence |title=Kant's Philosophy of Religion |date=2020 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant-religion/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Spring 2020 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=25 February 2021 |last2=Fugate |first2=Courtney}}</ref> Le education initial de Immanuel Kant esseva stricte, punitive e multo disciplinate, con emphase super le [[latino]] e le [[instruction religiose]] plus tosto que super mathematica e scientia.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=47}}
In su annos posterior, Kant viveva un vita strictemente ordinate. On diceva que le vicinos poteva regular lor horologios sur su promenadas quotidian.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=14}} Kant considerava le matrimonio duo vices, primo con un vidua e pois con un femina de [[Westphalia]], ma in ambes occasiones ille expectava troppo longe.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=177}} Ben que ille nunquam se maritava, ille habeva totevia un vita social satisfaciente; ille esseva un docente popular e un autor modestemente prospere, mesmo ante de comenciar su obras philosophic major.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=169}}
===Studente juvene===
Kant demonstrava un aptitude precoce pro le studio. Il frequentava primo le [[Collegium Fridericianum]] (alora dirigite per [[Franz Albert Schultz]]), del qual il se diplomava al fin del estate de 1740. In 1740, a etate de 16 annos, il se inscribeva al [[Universitate de Königsberg]], ubi il remanerea plus tarde pro le resto de su vita professional.<ref>''Le American International Encyclopedia'' (New York: J.J. Little & Ives, 1954), Vol. IX.</ref> Il studiava le philosophia de [[Gottfried Leibniz]] e [[Christian Wolff (philosopho)|Christian Wolff]] sub [[Martin Knutzen]] (professor associate de Logica e Metaphysica ab 1734 usque a su morte in 1751), un [[rationalismo|rationalista]] qui esseva etiam familiar con le progressos in le philosophia e le scientia britannic e introduceva Kant al nove physica mathematic de [[Isaac Newton]]. Knutzen dissuadeva Kant del theoria del [[harmonia pre-stabilite]], quam ille considerava como "le cossino del mente pigre".<ref>{{cite book|title=Que le Testudo nos inseniava: Le historia del philosophia|url=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port|url-access=limited|last=Porter|first=Burton|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2010|page=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port/page/n145 133]}}</ref> Il dissuadeva etiam Kant del [[idealismo]], le idea que le realitate es purmente mental, un conception que le majoritate del philosophos del XVIIIe seculo considerava negativemente. Le theoria del [[idealismo transcendental]] que Kant includerea plus tarde in le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' esseva sviluppate partialmente in opposition al idealismo traditional. Kant habeva contactos con studentes, collegas, amicos e commensales qui frequentava le [[loge masonic]] local.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|title=Le francmasones in le Antique Prussia 1738–1806|language=de|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201119104900/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|archive-date=19 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Su principal [[editor]], [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]], esseva etiam un francmason.<ref name="buch-VlOi7fetEkAC-1044">Erich Donnert, ''Europa in le prime epocha moderne: Fontes incognite. Essays super le evolution, le precursores, le limites e le continuation del epocha moderne in e circa Europa. Indices del contento del volumines 1–6. Indice de personas del volumines 1–7.'' Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar 1997, ISBN 978-3-412-10702-4, p. 1044. [[https://books.google.de/books?id=VlOi7fetEkAC&pg=PA1044#v=onepage Google Books]</ref>
Le accidente vascular cerebral de su patre e su morte subsequente in 1746 interrumpeva su studios. Kant quitava Königsberg poco post augusto 1748;{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=94}} il retornava ibi in augusto 1754.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=98}} Il deveniva un tutor private in le citates circum Königsberg, ma continuava su recerca erudite. In 1749, il publicava su prime obra philosophic, ''[[Pensamentos super le ver estimation del vires vivente]]'' (scribite in 1745–1747).<ref>[[Eric Watkins (philosopho)|Eric Watkins]] (ed.), ''Immanuel Kant: Scientia natural'', Cambridge University Press, 2012: [http://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/63945/excerpt/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf "Pensamentos super le ver estimation..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307213516/http://assets.cambridge.org/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf |date=7 martio 2016 }}.</ref>
Durante le occupation russe de Königsberg durante le [[Guerra de Septem Annos]] (1758–1762), le situation financiari de Kant se meliorava, proque ille obteneva un numero de assignationes ben pagate como tutor ab officiales militar e administratores civil russe stationate in le citate. In decembre 1758, post le morte de Johann David Kypke, Kant faceva un petition al imperatrice [[Elisabeth de Russia|Elisabeth]] pro esser nominate al cathedra vacante de logica e metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg, ma le position esseva attribuite a un altere candidato.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuehn |first=Manfred |title=Kant: Un biographia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |pages=118–122}}</ref>
== Obra precoce ==
Kant es meliormente cognoscite pro su obras in le philosophia del etica e metaphysica, ma ille etiam contribueva significantemente a altere disciplinas. In 1754, durante que ille considerava un question pro un premio del [[Academia de Scientias de Prussia|Academia de Berlin]] concernente le problema del rotation del Terra, ille argumentava que le gravitation del Luna ralentisarea le rotation terrestre. Ille etiam proponeva le argumento que le gravitation eventualmente causarea que le [[blocage tidal|blocation tidal]] del [[Luna]] [[resonantia orbital|coincider]] con le rotation del Terra.{{efn|Kant ipse pare haber considerate su contribution non assatis importante pro publicar su argumentos in un commentario de jornal super le question del premio, e ille non los submitteva al Academia: {{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54018/page/n113/mode/2up|chapter=Si le Terra ha subite un alteration de su rotation axial|title=Le cosmogonia de Kant|translator-last=Hastie|translator-first=William|location=Glasgow|publisher=James Maclehose|orig-date=1754|year=1900|pages=1–11|access-date=29 martio 2022}}. Le premio esseva in vice attribuite in 1756 a P. Frisi, qui incorrectemente argumentava contra le ralentissement del rotation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schönfeld |first=Martin |title=Le philosophia del juvene Kant: Le projecto precritic|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=84 |isbn=978-0195132182 |year=2000 }}</ref>}}<ref name="nebulous">{{cite book|last=Brush|first=Stephen G.|title=Un historia del physica planetari moderne: Terra nebulose|year=2014|isbn=978-0521441711|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7 7]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7}}</ref> Le anno sequente, ille extendeva iste ratiocinio al [[formation e evolution del Systema Solar]] in su ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]''.<ref name="nebulous"/> In 1755, Kant recipeva un licentia pro docer al Universitate de Königsberg e comenciava a dar cursos super un varietate de themas, includente mathematica, physica, logica e metaphysica. In su essayo de 1756 super le theoria del ventos ("Nove remarcas pro un elucidation del theoria del ventos"), Kant presentava un perception qualitative de lo que es ora appellate [[fortia de Coriolis]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |author-link=Immanuel Kant |editor-last=Watkins |editor-first=Eric |title=Kant: Scientia natural|chapter=Nove notas pro explicar le theoria del ventos, in le qual, al mesme tempore, ille invita al frequentation de su cursos (1756)|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |pages=374–385 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139014380.012}}</ref>
In 1756, Kant etiam publicava tres articulos super le [[terremoto de Lisboa de 1755]].<ref>Vide:
*Kant, I. (1756a) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=448 "Del causas del tremores terrestre al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente"] [Super le causas del terremotos al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente] In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academia Regal Prussian de Scientias), ed.s (1902) ''Le scriptos colligite de Kant'' [Le scriptos colligite de Kant] (in german) Berlin, Germania: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.
*Kant, I. (1756b) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=460 "Historia e description natural del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra"] [Historia e description del natura del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra], ibid. pp. 429–461.
*Kant, I. (1756c) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=494 "Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le tremores terrestre observate desde alcun tempore"] [Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le terremotos que esseva sentite alcun tempore ante], ibid. pp. 463–472.
*Amador, Filomena (2004) "Le causas del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 in Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s. ''Actas del VIII Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas'' [Actas del Octave Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas] (in anglese) Logroño, Espania: Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas (Universitate de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.</ref> Le theoria de Kant, que involveva alterationes in enorme cavernas plen de gases calide, ben que incorrecte, esseva un del prime tentativas systematic de explicar terremotos in terminos natural in vice de terminos supernatural. In 1757, Kant comenciava a dar cursos de geographia, faciente de ille un del prime professores a inseniar explicitemente le geographia como subjecto independente.<ref name="Richards-1974">{{Cite journal|last=Richards|first=Paul|date=1974|title=Le geographia e le cartas mental de Kant|journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers|issue=61|pages=1–16|doi=10.2307/621596|jstor=621596| issn=0020-2754 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elden|first=Stuart|date=2009|title=Reconsiderar le geographia de Kant|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|language=en|volume=35|issue=1|pages=3–25|doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2008.06.001|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|access-date=27 septembre 2019|archive-date=1 augusto 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205430/http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Geographia esseva un del themas de curso le plus popular de Kant, e in 1802, un compilation per Friedrich Theodor Rink del notas de su cursos, ''Geographia physica'', esseva publicate. Post que Kant deveniva professor in 1770, ille amplificava le themas de su cursos pro includer cursos super [[derecto natural]], ethica e [[anthropologia]], insimul con altere themas.<ref name="Richards-1974" />
[[File:Kant wohnhaus 2.jpg|thumb|Le casa de Kant in Königsberg in un pictura de 1842]]
In le ''Historia natural universal'', Kant exponeva le [[hypothese nebular]], in le qual ille deduceva que le [[Systema Solar]] se habeva formate ex un grande nube de gas, un [[nebula]]. Kant etiam deduceva correctemente que le [[Via Lactea]] esseva un [[galaxia|grande disco de stellas]], del qual ille theorisava que illo se habeva formate ex un nube de gas rotante multo plus grande. Ille suggereva in plus que altere "nebulas" distante poterea esser altere galaxias. Iste postulationes aperiva nove horizontes pro le astronomia, pro le prime vice extendente su dominio ultra le systema solar verso le mundos galactic e intergalactic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=George|title=Un, duo, tres... Infinity|location=New York|publisher=Viking P.|date=1947|pages=300ff|title-link=Un, duo, tres... Infinity}}</ref>
De alora in ultra, Kant dedicava su effortios sempre plus al questiones philosophic, ben que ille continuava a scriber super le scientias durante tote su vita. Al initio del annos 1760, ille produceva un serie de obras importante in philosophia. ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'', un obra super logica, esseva publicate in 1762. Duo altere obras appareva le anno sequente: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' e ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]''. In 1764, Kant habeva devenite un autor popular notabile, e scribeva ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime e altere scriptos|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref>; ille esseva secunde a [[Moses Mendelssohn]] in un competition pro le premio del Academia de Berlin con su ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (often appellate "Le essay pro le premio"). In 1766, Kant scribeva un obra critic super ''Dreams of a Spirit-Seer'' de [[Emanuel Swedenborg]].
In 1770, Kant esseva nominate Professor Plen de Logica e Metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg. Pro defender iste nomination, Kant scribeva su [[dissertation inaugural]] ''Super le forma e le principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile''.{{efn|Pois que ille habeva scribite su ultime [[thesis de habilitation]] 14 annos ante, un nove thesis de habilitation esseva requirite (vide S. J. McGrath, Joseph Carew (eds.), ''Reconsiderar le idealismo german'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 24).}} Iste obra marcava le apparition de plure themas central de su obra matur, includente le distinction inter le facultates del pensamento intellectual e le receptivitate sensibile. Omitter iste distinction significarea committer le error de [[subreption]], e, como ille dice in le ultime capitulo del dissertation, solmente evitante iste error pote le metaphysica prosperar.
Ben que il es ver que Kant scribeva su maxime obras relativemente tarde in su vita, il existe un tendentia a subestimar le valor de su obras plus juvene. Le investigationes recente super Kant ha dedicate plus attention al iste scriptos "pre-critic", e ha recognoscite un certe grado de continuitate con su obra matur.<ref>Cf., per exemplo, Susan Shell, ''Le incarnation del ration'' (Chicago, 1996)</ref>
===Publication del ''Critica del Ration Pur''===
{{AP|Critica del Ration Pur}}
[[File:Painting of David Hume.jpg|thumb|Le philosophe [[David Hume]] per [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]]]]
A etate 46, Kant esseva un erudito establite e un philosopho de influentia crescente, e multo esseva expectate de ille. In correspondentia con su ex-studente e amico [[Markus Herz]], Kant admitteva que, in le dissertation inaugural, ille habeva fallite explicar le relation inter nostre facultates sensibile e intellectual.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watkins|first=Erik|title=Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: Background Source Materials|url=https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0521781626|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2/page/276 276]}}</ref> Ille debeva explicar como nos combina lo que es cognoscite como cognition sensorial con le altere typo de cognition —id es, cognition rational— iste duo essente relationate ma habente processos multo differente. Kant attribueva etiam a [[David Hume]] le facto de haber le eveliate de un "{{vanchor|somno dogmatic}}" in le qual ille habeva acceptate sin questionar le principios de religiose e de [[natural philosophy|philosophia natural]].<ref name="Smith-1952"><nowiki>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Homer W.|url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man) and His Gods|location=New York|publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]]|year=1952|page=[[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404<nowiki>) 404]|author-link=Homer W. Smith|url-access=registration}}</nowiki></ref><ref>Kant, ''PFM'' 4:260</ref> Hume, in su ''[[Treatise on Human Nature]]'' de 1739, habeva argumentate que le personas cognosce le mente solmente per un serie subjective, essentialmente illusori, de perceptiones. Ideas como [[causalitate]], [[moralitate]] e [[Objecto (philosophia)|objectos]] non es evidente in le experientia, dunque lor realitate pote esser questionate. Kant pensava que le ration poteva remover iste scepticismo, e ille se proponeva resolver iste problemas. Ben que amante del compania e conversation con alteres, Kant se isolava e resisteva al tentativas de su amicos de retirar le de su isolation.{{efn|In 1778, in responsa a un de iste propositiones per un ex-discipulo, Kant scribeva: "Cata cambiamento me rende apprehensive, mesmo si illo offere le plus grande promissa de meliorar mi condition, e io es persuadite per iste instincto natural mie que io debe esser prudente si io vole que le filos que le Destino fila assi tenue e debile in mi caso continua a esser filate durante alicun longor. Mi grande gratias a mi benvolentes e amicos, qui pensa de me con tanta benevolentia que illes se occupa de mi benesser, ma al mesme tempore un requesta multo humile de proteger me in mi condition actual contra omne perturbation." <ref>Christopher Kul-Want and Andrzej Klimowski, ''Introducing Kant'' (Cambridge: Icon Books, 2005). {{ISBN|978-1840466645}}</ref>}} Quando Kant emergeva de su silentio in 1781, le resultato esseva le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', imprimite per [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]]. Kant respondeva al [[empiricismo]] de Hume affirmante que alcun cognition existe inherentemente in le mente, independente del experientia.<ref name="Smith-1952" /> Ille traheva un parallel con le [[Revolution Copernican]] in su proposition que le objectos del mundo pote esser intuite ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'', e que le [[Anschauung|intuition]] es consequentemente distincte del [[Objectivitate (philosophia)|realitate objective]]. Forsan le question le plus directemente disputate esseva le argumento de Hume contra omne connexion necessari inter eventos causales, que Hume characterizava como le "cemento del universo". In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant argumenta in favor de lo que ille considera le justification ''a priori'' de tal connexion necessari.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A188-211/B233-56</ref>
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Johann Christoph Frisch.jpg|left|thumb|Portraito de Kant per [[Johann Christoph Frisch]], post Johann Gottlieb Becker, {{circa|1770}}]]
Ben que hodie recognoscite como un del maximo grande obras in le historia del philosophia, le ''Critique'' disappunctava le lectores de Kant al momento de su publication initial.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dorrien|first=Gary|title=Kantian Reason and Hegelian Spirit: The Idealistic Logic of Modern Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=978-0470673317|location=Malden, MA|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr/page/37 37]}}</ref> Le libro esseva longe, con plus de 800 paginas in le edition original in germano, e scribite in un stilo complicate. Kant esseva multo contristate per su reception.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=250–254}} Su ex-studente [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] criticava le obra pro poner le ration como un entitate digne de critica per se, in vice de considerar le processo de ratiocinio in le contexto del linguage e del personalitate integre de un persona.<ref>[[Frederick Copleston|Copleston, Frederick Charles]] (2003). ''The Enlightenment: Voltaire to Kant''. p. 146.</ref> Simile a [[Christian Garve]] e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Johann Georg Heinrich Feder]], ille rejectava le position de Kant que spatio e tempore possede un forma que pote esser analysate. Garve e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Feder]] etiam criticava le ''Critique'' pro non explicar le differentias in le perception de sensationes.<ref>Sassen, Brigitte. ''Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy''. 2000.</ref> Su densitate lo rendeva, como Herder diceva in un littera a [[Johann Georg Hamann]], un "nucleo dur a rumper", obscurate per "tote iste pesante tela de aranea".<ref>''Ein Jahrhundert deutscher Literaturkritik'', vol. III, ''Der Aufstieg zur Klassik in der Kritik der Zeit'' (Berlin, 1959), p. 315; as quoted in Gulyga, Arsenij. ''Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought''. Trans. Marijan Despaltović. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1987.</ref> Su reception contrastava fortemente con le laudes que Kant habeva recipite pro obras anterior, como su ''Essay del Premio'' e le obras plus breve que precedeva le prime ''Critique''. Recognoscente le necessitate de clarificar le tractato original, Kant scribeva le ''[[Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics]]'' in 1783 como un summario de su opiniones principal. Poco postea, le amico de Kant [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]] (1739–1805), un professor de mathematica, publicava ''Explicationes del Professor Kant super le Critique del Ration Pura'' (Königsberg, 1784), que esseva un breve ma multo exacte commentario super le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=268–269}}
Le reputation de Kant cresceva gradualmente durante le ultime parte del decennio 1780, stimulate per un serie de obras importante: le essay de 1784, "[[Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?]]"; le ''[[Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals]]'' de 1785 (su prime obra super philosophia moral); e le ''[[Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science]]'' de 1786. Le fama de Kant finalmente veniva de un fonte inesperate. In 1786, [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]] publicava un serie de litteras public super le philosophia kantian. In iste litteras, Reinhold presentava le philosophia de Kant como un responsa al controverse intellectual central del epocha: le [[controversia del pantheismo]]. [[Friedrich Jacobi]] habeva accusate le recentemente defuncte [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] (un distinguite dramaturgo e essayista philosophic) de [[Spinozism]]. Un tal accusation, equivalente a un accusation de atheismo, esseva energicamente negate per le amico de Lessing, [[Moses Mendelssohn]], e isto conduceva a un dispute public acerbe inter partisanos. Le controversia gradualmente se transformava in un debatto super le valores del [[Illuminismo]] e le valor del ration. Reinhold manteneva in su litteras que le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant poteva resolver iste disputa per defender le autoritate e le limites del ration. Le litteras de Reinhold esseva multo legite e faceva de Kant le philosopho le plus famose de su epocha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guyer|first=Paul|title=The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0521823036|location=Cambridge, UK|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5/page/631 631]}}</ref>
== Opera posterior ==
Kant publicava un secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' in 1787, profundemente revidente le prime partes del libro. Le major parte de su obra subsequente se concentrava super altere areas del philosophia. Il continuava a disveloppar su philosophia moral, specialmente in le ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' de 1788 (cognoscite como le secunde ''Critica''), e le ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' de 1797. Le ''[[Critica del potentia del judicio]]'' de 1790 (le tertie ''Critica'') applicava le systema kantian al [[esthetica]] e al [[teleologia]]. In 1792, le tentativa de Kant de publicar le Secunde del quatro partes de ''[[Religion intra le limites del simple ration]]'',<ref name="KReligion">Werner S. Pluhar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Religion intra le limites del simple ration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304020309/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 |date=4 martio 2020 }}''. 2009. [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC Description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201192948/https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Within_the_Bounds_of_Bare_Reaso.html%3Fid%3Dda8RrM-qkiwC |date=1 februario 2020 }} & [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Contento.] Con un [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803085237/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 |date=3 augusto 2020 }} de Stephen Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company,</ref> in le revista ''Berlinische Monatsschrift'', incontrava opposition del [[Frederico Gulielmo II de Prussia|rege]] [[censura|commission de censura]], que habeva essite establite le mesme anno in le contexto del [[Revolution francese]]. Kant arrangiava alora que le quatro partes esseva publicate como un libro, transmittente lo per le departamento de philosophia del [[Universitate de Jena]] pro evitar le necessitate de censura theologic. Iste insubordination valeva a ille un reprimenda, ora famose, del rege. Quando ille nihilominus publicava un secunde edition in 1794, le censor esseva tanto irate que ille arrangiava un decreto royal que exigeva que Kant nunquam plus publicava ni parlava publicamente super religion. Kant publicava alora su responsa al reprimenda del rege e explicava se mesme in le prefacio de ''[[Le conflicto del facultates]]'' (1798).
[[File:Kant doerstling2.jpg|thumb|Kant con amicos, includente [[Christian Jakob Kraus]], [[Johann Georg Hamann]], [[Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel le Senior|Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel]], e [[Karl Gottfried Hagen]]]]
Il etiam scribeva un numero de essayos semi-popular super historia, religion, politica, e altere themas. Iste obras esseva ben recipite per le contemporaneos de Kant e confirmava su stato preeminente in le philosophia del [[seculo XVIII]]. Il habeva plure revistas dedicate exclusivemente a defender e criticar le philosophia kantian. Nonobstante su successo, le tendentias philosophic se moveva in un altere direction. Plure del discipulos e sequaces le plus importante de Kant (includente [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], [[Jakob Sigismund Beck]], e [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]) transformava le position kantian. Le etapas progressive del revision del doctrinas de Kant marcava le emergentia del [[idealismo german]]. In un de su ultime actos in explication de un position super questiones philosophic, Kant se opponeva a iste disveloppamentos e denunciava publicamente Fichte in un carta aperte in 1799.<ref name="Fichte">{{cite web|url=http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|title=Carta aperte de Kant denuncianti le philosophia de Fichte|language=de|website=Korpora.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719150635/http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1800, un studente de Kant nominate Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762–1842) publicava un manual de [[logica]] pro docentes appellate ''[[Logica]]'', que ille habeva preparate al demanda de Kant. Jäsche preparava le ''Logica'' usante un copia de un manual de logica de [[Georg Friedrich Meier]] appellate ''[[Excerption del doctrina del ration]]'', in le qual Kant habeva scribite copiose notas e annotationes. Le ''Logica'' ha essite considerate de importantia fundamental pro le philosophia de Kant e pro su comprehension. Le grande logico del [[seculo XIX]] [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] remarcat, in un recension incomplete del traduction anglese de Thomas Kingsmill Abbott del introduction al ''Logica'', que "tote le philosophia de Kant gira circa su logica."<ref>Peirce, C.S., ''[[Collecte de documentos de Charles Sanders Peirce]]'', v. 1, (HUP, 1960), 'Kant e su refutation del idealismo' p. 15
</ref> De plus, [[Robert S. Hartman]] e Wolfgang Schwarz scribeva in le introduction del traductores a lor traduction anglese del ''Logica'': "Su importantia reside non solmente in su signification pro le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'', cuje secunde parte es un reformulation de principios fundamental del ''[[Logica]]'', ma etiam in su position intra le totalitate del obra de Kant."<ref>Kant, Immanuel, ''[[Logica]]'', G.B. Jäsche (ed.), R.S. Hartman, W. Schwarz (traductores), Indianapolis, 1984, p. xv.</ref>
== Morte e sepultura ==
Le salute de Kant, sempre precari, se deteriorava. Il moriva in Königsberg le 12 februario 1804, habeva pronunciate ''Es ist gut'' ("Es es bon") ante su morte.<ref>Karl Vorländer, ''Immanuel Kant: Der Mann und das Werk'', Hamburg: Meiner, 1992, p. II 332.</ref> Su ultime obra incomplite esseva publicate como ''[[Opus Postume]]''. Kant faceva sempre un figura curioso durante su vita per su habitos modeste e rigorosemente planificate, que esseva describite como regular como un horologio. [[Heinrich Heine]] observava le magnitude de su "pensamentos destructive, que fracassava le mundo" e le considerava un sorta de "executionator" philosophic, comparante le con [[Maximilien Robespierre]] con le observation que ambe "representava al plus alte grado le typo del burgese provincial. Natura los habeva destinate a pesar caffe e zucchero, ma le Fato determinava que illes deberea pesar altere cosas e poneva sur le balancia de un un rege, e sur le balancia del altere un deo."<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |title=Heine sur Immanuel Kant |access-date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Quando su corpore esseva transferite a un nove loco de sepultura, su cranio esseva mesurate durante le exhumation e trovate esser plus grande que le medie del viros german, con un fronte "alte e large".<ref>''Examined Lives, From Socrates to Nietzsche'', James Miller p. 284</ref> Su fronte ha essite un objecto de interesse desde que illo deveniva ben cognoscite per su portraits: "In le portrait de Döbler e in le reproduction fidel, ben que expressionistic, de Kiefer, como etiam in multe altere portraits de Kant del fin del [[seculo XVIII]] e del initio del [[seculo XIX]], le fronte es remarquabilemente grande e decidite in retro."<ref>Immanuel Kant e le frontieras del historia del arte, Mark Cheetham, in ''Le subjectos del historia del arte: objectos historic in perspectivas contemporanee'', p. 16</ref>
[[File:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img05 Kant Island.jpg|upright|thumb|Le tumba de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia]]
Le [[mausoleo]] de Kant adjunge le angulo nord-est del [[Catedral de Königsberg]] in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Le mausoleo esseva construite per le architecto [[Friedrich Lahrs]] e completate in 1924, a tempore pro le bicentenario del nascentia de Kant. Originarimente, Kant esseva sepelite intra le cathedral, ma in 1880 su restos esseva transferite a un cappella [[neo-gothic]] adjacente al angulo nord-est del cathedral. Durante le annos, le cappella deveniva in mal stato e esseva demolite pro facer loco al mausoleo, que esseva construite in le mesme loco. Le tumba e su mausoleo es inter le poc artefactos del epocha german que esseva preservate per le [[Sovietes]] post que illes capturava le citate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar](http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar) Königsberg: un citate russe reguarda su radices german|last=Beyer|first=Susanne|date=25 July 2014|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=3 February 2018|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
In le [[seculo XXI]], multe nove maritos porta flores al mausoleo. Artefactos anteriormente possedite per Kant, cognoscite como ''Kantiana'', esseva includite in le [[Museo del citate de Königsberg]]; tamen, le museo esseva destruite durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]]. Un replica del statua de Kant que, durante le epocha german, stava ante le edificio principal del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], esseva donate per un entitate german al initio del annos 1990 e placiate in le mesme terreno. Post le [[Expulsion e fuga del germanos (1944–1950)|expulsion]] del population german de Königsberg al fin del Secunde Guerra Mundial, le Universitate de Königsberg, ubi Kant inseniava, esseva reimplaciate per le [[Universitate de Stato de Kaliningrad]] de lingua russe, que se appropriava del campus e del edificios supervivente. In 2005, le universitate esseva renominate [[Universitate de Stato Immanuel Kant de Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zieliński |first=Miłosz J. |date=2018 |title=Le futuro de Kant: Debattos super le identitate del Oblast de Kaliningrad |url=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305) |journal=Slavic Review |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=937–956 |doi=10.1017/slr.2018.291 |jstor=26644305 |issn=0037-6779|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Le cambio de nomine, considerate un question cargate politic, a causa del sentimentos mixta del residentes super su passato german,<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2005 |title=Kaliningrad lotta con su hereditage german |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700](https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=DW News }}</ref> esseva annunciate durante un ceremonia al qual assisteva le presidente russe [[Vladimir Putin]] e le cancellero german [[Gerhard Schröder]],<!--http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/33684/photos--><ref>{{cite news |last=Dempsey |first=Judy |date=1 July 2005 |title=Enclave russe arriva in un dispute diplomatic |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2005 |title=Iran como thema del reunion al Mar Baltic |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921](https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921) |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Agence-France Press|via=DW News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ypi |first=Lea |date=20 April 2024 |title=Kant e le argumento pro le pace |url=[https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07](https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07) |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766}}</ref> e le universitate formava un [[Societate Kantian]], dedicate al studio del [[kantianismo]]. In 2010, le universitate esseva ancora renominate [[Universitate Federal Baltic Immanuel Kant]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Decreto executive super le establimento del Universitate Immanuel Kant |url=[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234)<!--http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/1131--> |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Presidente de Russia}}</ref>
== Philosophia<!--'Kantianism', 'Kantian', and 'Kantian philosophy' redirect here-->==
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Emanuel Bardou, view 2, Berlin, 1798, marble - Bode-Museum - DSC02884.JPG|thumb|Busto de Kant per [[Emanuel Bardou]], 1798]]
Como multe de su contemporaneos, Kant esseva profundemente impressionate per le progressos scientific facite per [[Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]] e alteres. Iste nove evidentia del potentia del ration human poneva in question pro multe personas le autoritate traditional del politica e religion. In particular, le vision mecanic moderne del mundo poneva in question le possibilitate mesme del moralitate; nam, si il non existe alcun agentia, il non pote haber responsabilitate.<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' Bxxviii–Bxxx</ref>{{sfn|di Giovanni|2005}}
Le objectivo del projecto critic de Kant es de assecurar le autonomia human, le base del religion e del moralitate, contra iste menacia del mechanismo — e de facer lo in un maniera que preserva le progressos del scientia moderne.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §2.1}} In le ''Critica del Ration Pura'', Kant summarisa su preoccupationes philosophic in le sequente tres questiones:
# Que pote io cognoscer?
# Que debe io facer?
# Que pote io sperar?<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A804–05/B833</ref>
Le ''[[Critica del Ration Pura]]'' se concentra super le prime question e aperi un spatio conceptual pro un responsa al secunde question. Illo argumenta que, ben que nos non pote strictemente ''saper'' que nos es libere, nos pote — e pro fines practic debe — ''pensar'' nos mesme como libere. In le proprie parolas de Kant: «Io debeva negar le cognoscentia pro facer loco al fide.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxxx</ref> Le philosophia moral de Kant es ulteriormente disveloppate in le ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', le ''[[Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', e le ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]''.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023}}
Le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del Potentia de Judicar]]'' sustene que nos pote rationalmente sperar le unitate harmoniose del dominios theoric e practic tractate in le prime duo ''Criticas'', sur le base de nostre experientia affective del beltate natural e, plus generalmente, del organisation [[Teleologia in biologia|teleologic]] del mundo natural.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=6–8}} In ''[[Religion intra le Limites del Simple Ration|Religion intra le Limites del Pura Ration]]'', Kant tenta completar su responsa al tertie question argumentante pro un forma rationalista de religion fundate super nostre vitas practic (i.e., moral).<ref>di Giovanni, George. (1996) "Translator's Introduction", In ''Religion and Rational Theology''. Cambridge University Press. p.49, citing Kant in correspondence with Stäudlin.</ref>
Iste obras omnes pone le [[subjecto (philosophia)|subjecto]] human active e rational al centro del mundos cognitive e moral. In breve, Kant argumenta que le [[mente]] mesme apporta necessariemente un contribution constitutive al [[cognition|cognoscentia]], que iste contribution es transcendental plus tosto que psychologic, e que ager autonomemente significa ager secundo principios moral rational.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020}}
=== Le projecto critic de Kant ===
{{vide etiam|Critica del Ration Pura}}
[[File:Kant017.jpg|thumb|Kant per [[Carle Vernet]]]]
Le ''Critica del Ration Pura'' de 1781 (revise in 1787) ha sovente essite citate como le obra le plus significative de metaphysica e [[epistemologia]] in le philosophia moderne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohlf |first=Michael |title=Immanuel Kant |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191114014720/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |archive-date=14 November 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=[[Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford]]}}</ref> In le prime ''Critica'', e etiam in obras posterior, Kant formula le «problema general» e le «problema real del ration pura» in terminos del sequente question: «Como es possibile judicios synthetic ''a priori''?»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B135</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=51}} Pro comprender iste assertion, il es necessari definir alcun terminos. Primo, Kant face un distinction inter duo fontes de cognoscentia:
# Cognoscientias ''a priori'': «cognoscentia independente de tote experientia e mesmo de tote le impression del sensos».
# Cognoscientias ''a posteriori'': cognoscentias que ha lor fontes in le experientia — isto es, que es empiric.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B1–3</ref>
Secundo, ille face un distinction inter duo typos de judicios:
# Judicios analytic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Tote le celibes es non-maritate», o «Tote le corpores es extendite». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de clarification».
# Judicios synthetic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato non es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Alcun celibes es sol», «Tote le cygnos es blanc», o «Tote le corpores ha peso». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de amplification».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A6–8/B10–12</ref>
Tote le judicios analytic es ''a priori'', proque le experientia non es necessari pro analysar le contento de un concepto que nos ja possede.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B11</ref> In contrasto, un judicio synthetic es un judicio cuje concepto del predicato contine alco que non se trova in le concepto del subjecto. Le exemplos le plus evidente de judicio synthetic es judicios fundate super observationes empiric.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} Le duo typos de cognoscentia e le duo typos de judicio produce un tabella a quatro divisiones:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tabella de Judicios
!
!A priori
!A posteriori
|-
|'''Analytic'''
|analytic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Tote le corpores es extendite.»)
|analytic ''a posteriori'' (impossibile)
|-
|'''Synthetic'''
|synthetic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Cata effecto ha un causa.»)
|synthetic ''a posteriori'' (p.ex., «Le systema solar ha octo planetas.»)
|}
Kant credeva que le philosophos anterior habeva negligite le judicios synthetic ''a priori'', e habeva accordate attention solmente al judicios analytic ''a priori'' e synthetic ''a posteriori''. [[David Hume]], per exemplo, credeva que tote le cognoscentia es o «relationes de ideas» (que es analytic ''a priori'') o «questiones de facto» (que es synthetic ''a posteriori'').<ref>Hume, David. ''An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding''. Section 4; Part 1.</ref> Le taxonomia de Hume exclude le synthetic ''a priori''. Ma, stabiliente le synthetic ''a priori'' como un tertie typo de judicio, Kant crede que nos pote resister al scepticismo de Hume concernente a questiones como causalitate e le cognoscentia metaphysic plus generalmente. Isto es proque, a differentia de judicios simplemente ''a posteriori'', le judicios ''a priori'' ha «universalitate ver o stricte» e include un assertion de «necessitate».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B3–4</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} E, a differentia de assertiones simplemente analytic, le judicios synthetic extende nostre cognoscentia ultra le concepto del subjecto. Isto significa que monstrar como judicios synthetic ''a priori'' es possibile equivale a monstrar como un cognoscentia substantiv super le characteristicas necessari del mundo es possibile.
Kant mesme considera incontroverse le facto que nos ha cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' — specialmente in mathematica. Considera le proposition «7 + 5 = 12». Kant asserta que le concepto de «12» non es continente in le conceptos de «5», «7» e del operation de addition.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B14–17</ref> Tamen, ben que ille considera le possibilitate de tal cognoscentia como evidente, Kant assume nihilominus le carga de monstrar como tal cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' in mathematica e le scientias natural es possibile, e in le Dialectica Transcendental attacca le possibilitate de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' del metaphysica traditional. Le objectivo duple del ''Critica'' es tanto ''probar'' como ''explicar'' le possibilitate de iste cognoscentia.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=55}} Kant dice: «Il ha duo truncos del cognoscentia human, que forsan pote provenir de un radice commun ma pro nos incognite, namely le sensibilitate e le intellecto, per le prime del qual objectos nos es ''date'', ma per le secunde illos es ''pensate''.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A15/B29, emphases added</ref>
Le termino de Kant pro le objecto del sensibilitate es «intuition», e su termino pro le objecto del intellecto es «concepto». In terminos general, le prime es un representation non-discursive de un objecto ''particular'', e le secunde es un representation discursive (o mediate) de un ''typo general'' de objecto.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=32, 61}} Le conditiones del experientia possibile require tanto intuitiones como conceptos, i.e., le affection del sensibilitate receptive e le potentia activemente synthesizante del intellecto.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.12}}{{efn|Plus technicamente, Kant exprime su puncto general que tote cognoscentia authentic require tanto input sensorial como organisation intellectual dicente que tote cognoscentia require tanto «intuitiones» como «conceptos» (p.ex., A 50 / B 74). Intuitiones e conceptos es duo species differente del genere «representation» (''Vorstellung''), le termino le plus general de Kant pro omne stato cognitive (vide A 320 / B 376–7). Al initio del «Esthetica Transcendental», Kant declara que un «intuition» es nostre typo le plus directe o «immediate» de representation de objectos, in contrasto con un «concepto» que representa sempre un objecto «per un detour (''indirecte'')» — isto es, simplemente per alicun «marca» o proprietate que le objecto possede (A 19 / B 33). In su manual de logica, Kant defini un intuition como un «representation ''singular''» — isto es, un que representa un objecto particular — dum un concepto es sempre un «''universal'' (''repraesentatio per notas communes'')», que representa proprietates commun a multe objectos (''Logic'', §1, 9:91).{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=60–61}}}} Dunque le assertion: «Pensamentos sin contento es vacue, intuitiones sin conceptos es cec.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A51/B75</ref> Le strategia basic de Kant in le prime parte del ''Critica del Ration Pura'' consistera in argumentar que certe intuitiones e conceptos es pur — isto es, illos es apportate integremente per le mente, independente de omne cosa empiric. Le cognoscentia generate super iste base, sub certe conditiones, pote esser synthetic ''a priori''. Iste insight es cognoscite como le «Revolution Copernican» de Kant, proque justo como Copernico faceva progressar le astronomia per un cambiamento radical de perspectiva, assi Kant pretende hic facer le mesme pro le metaphysica.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxvi–xviii</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.2}} Le secunde parte del ''Critica'' es le parte explicitamente ''critic''. In le «Dialectica Transcendental», Kant argumenta que multe del assertiones del metaphysica rationalista traditional viola le criterios que ille pretende establir in le prime parte, «constructive», de su libro, e conduce inevitabilemente a contradictiones.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=2(g)}}{{sfn|Guyer|2014|loc=ch. 4}} Tamen, como Kant observa, «le ration human, sin esser movite per le simple vanitate de saper toto, inexorabilemente perseque, impulsate per su proprie besonio, tal questiones que non pote esser respondite per ulle uso experientiale del ration».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B21</ref> Le projecto del ''Critica'' es establir usque a qual puncto le ration pote legitime perseverar in tal direction.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi–xii</ref>
=== Doctrina del idealismo transcendental ===
{{vide etiam|Idealismo transcendental}}
In le section del ''Critica'' intitulate «Le Esthetica Transcendental», Kant argumenta in favor del doctrina del [[idealismo transcendental]]. Le doctrina es «transcendental» proque illo explica un condition necessari pro le possibilitate del experientia e es un forma de «idealismo» proque ille conditiones depende de characteristicas del mente. Le detalios del interpretation correcte del idealismo transcendental es controverse, ma existe un large accordo super duo theses basic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(d)}} Primo, le spatio e le tempore non es ''cosas in se mesme'', ma simple formas de intuition (le spatio es le forma del intuition ''externe'', e le tempore es le forma del intuition ''interne''). Secundo, nos ha cognoscentia solmente del ''apparentias'' e non del cosas in se mesme. Le secunde these, secundo Kant, seque del prime: proque nostre formas ''a priori'' de intuition es conditiones necessari del possibilitate del experientia, omne cosa que cade foras de lo que nostre facultate sensibile pote reciper es incognoscibile. {{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}}<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A43/B59–60, A369</ref>
Nihilominus, ben que Kant dice que le spatio e le tempore es «transcendentalmente ideal» — le ''formas pur'' del sensibilitate human, plus tosto que parte del natura o del realitate como illo es in se mesme — ille asserta etiam que illos es «empiricamente real», per lo que ille vole dicer «que “tote lo que pote presentar se a nos externemente como un objecto” es tanto in le spatio como in le tempore, e que nostre intuitiones interne de nos mesme es in le tempore».<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A28/B44, A34–35/B51–51</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}} Qualcunque sia le interpretation del doctrina de Kant, ille voleva distinguer su position del [[idealismo subjective]] de [[George Berkeley]].{{sfn|Stang|2022|loc=§2.3}}
[[Paul Guyer]], ben que critic de multe del argumentos de Kant in iste section, scribe super le Esthetica Transcendental que illo «non solmente pone le prime petra del theoria constructive del cognoscentia de Kant; illo etiam pone le fundamento tanto pro su critica como pro su reconstruction del metaphysica traditional. Illo argumenta que tote cognoscentia authentic require un componente sensorial, e assi que assertiones metaphysic que transcende le possibilitate de confirmation sensorial non pote jammais esser cognoscentia.»{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=60}}
==== Disaccordos interpretative ====
Un interpretation, cognoscite como le interpretation del «duo aspectos» (o «un sol mundo»), considera le idealismo transcendental como, fundamentalmente, un these ''epistemologic''. Secundo iste lectura de Kant, popularisate specialmente per [[Henry E. Allison]], le [[cosa in se mesme]] e le apparentia phenomenal es le mesme objecto, e le idealismo transcendental es un these super lo que es necessari pro mentes finite e discursive pro ''considerar'' objectos tal como illos es date a nos per le sensibilitate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Henry E. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense |year=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300102666 |pages=11-19}}</ref> Alcun commentatores,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allais |first=Lucy |title=Manifest Reality: Kant's Idealism and his Realism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780198747130}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Langton |first=Rae |title=Kantian humility: our ignorance of things in themselves |date=2004 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924317-4 |edition=Reprinted |location=Oxford}}</ref> durante que illes concorda que il existe un sol insimul de objectos, considera le idealismo transcendental como un these super le ''proprietates'' de iste objectos, de qualcun nos ha accesso, dum alteres es incognoscibile pro nos.
Le altere linea prominente de interpretation es le vision del «duo mundos» (a vices associate con interpretationes «phenomenaliste»<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strawson |first=Peter Frederick |title=The bounds of sense: an essay on Kant's 'Critique of pure reason' |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-04030-3 |edition=Repr |location=London}}</ref>). Secundo iste vision, le apparentias non es le mesme cosas que le cosas in se mesme, e le idealismo transcendental non es simplemente un these super lo que es necessari pro nos pro considerar objectos que es transcendentalmente independente de nos. Alcun defensores del «duo mundos» considera que Kant asserta que le apparentias es identic con nostre representationes de illos,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the claims of knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |last2=Kant |first2=Immanuel |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Pr |isbn=978-0-521-33772-4 |edition=1. publ. 1987, repr |location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Feder |first=Johann Georg Heinrich |last2=Garve |first2=Christian |date=1782 |title=Feder-Garve Review of the Critique of Pure Reason |journal=Göttinger Gelehrten Anzeigen}}</ref> durante que alteres considera que ille simplemente asserta que le apparentias es partialmente fundate super cosas in se mesme sin esser identic con illas.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stang |first=Nicholas F. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism |date=2016 |work=The Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford |pages=§3.2 |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/) |access-date=6 April 2026 |edition=Spring 2016 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>
=== Le theoria de Kant super le judicio ===
{{vide etiam|Categoria (Kant)}}
[[File:Immanuelkant.JPG|thumb|Statua de Kant in le Schola de Philosophia e Scientias Human del [[Universitate Federal de Minas Gerais]] (UFMG), [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil]]
Post le «Analytica Transcendental» veni le «Logica Transcendental». Dum le prime se occupava del contributiones del sensibilitate, le secunde se occupa, primo, del contributiones del intellecto («Analytica Transcendental») e, secundo, del facultate del ''ration'' como fonte tanto de errores metaphysic como de principios regulative authentic («Dialectica Transcendental»). Le «Analytica Transcendental» es ulteriormente dividite in duo sectiones. Le prime, «Analytica del Conceptos», se occupa de establir le universalitate e necessitate del conceptos ''pur'' del intellecto (i.e., le categorias). Iste section contine le famose «deduction transcendental» de Kant. Le secunde, «Analytica del Principios», se occupa del application de iste conceptos pur in judicios ''empiric''. Iste secunde section es plus longe que le prime e es ulteriormente dividite in numerose sub-sectiones.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=4–13}}
==== Deduction transcendental del categorias del intellecto ====
Le «Analytica del Conceptos» argumenta in favor del validitate universal e necessari del conceptos pur del intellecto, o categorias, per exemplo, le conceptos de substantia e causalitate. Iste dece-duo categorias basic defini lo que significa esser un ''cosa in general'' —isto es, illos articula le conditiones necessari secundo le qual alique es un possibile objecto del experientia. Iste categorias, in combination con le formas ''a priori'' del intuition, es le base de tote cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Secundo [[Paul Guyer]] e [[Allen W. Wood]], «le idea de Kant es que, justo como il ha certe characteristicas essential de tote judicios, assi debe haber certe manieras correspondente in le qual nos forma le conceptos de objectos pro que judicios pote esser facite super objectos».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=8}}
Kant presenta duo lineas central de argumentation in supporto de su assertiones concernente le categorias. Le prime, cognoscite como le «deduction metaphysic», procede analyticmente ab un tabella del functiones logic aristotelic del judicio. Como Kant esseva consciente, isto assume precisamente lo que le sceptico refuta, a saper, le existentia de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Pro iste ration, Kant presenta etiam un argumento synthetic que non depende del assumption in question.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=89–90}}
Iste argumento, presentate sub le titulo «Deduction Transcendental del Conceptos Pur del Intellecto», es largemente considerate tanto le plus importante como le plus difficile del argumentos de Kant in le ''Critica''. Kant mesme diceva que illo esseva le parte que requireva le plus labor de su parte.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi</ref> Frustrate per le reception confuse del prime edition de su libro, ille lo rescribeva completemente pro le secunde edition.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(e)}}{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4}}
Le «Deduction Transcendental» presenta le argumento de Kant que iste conceptos pur se applica universal e necessariemente al objectos que es date in le experientia. Secundo Guyer e Wood, «Il centra su argumento super le premissa que nostre experientia pote esser attribuite a un sol subjecto identic, per medio de lo que ille appella le “unita transcendental del apperception”, solmente si le elementos del experientia date in le intuition es syntheticamente combinate assi que illos nos presenta objectos que es pensate per medio del categorias».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=9}}
Le principio de apperception de Kant es que «Le Io pensa debe poter accompaniar tote mi representationes; nam alteremente alique esserea representate in me que non poterea esser pensate de sorta, lo que equivale a dicer que le representation o esserea impossibile o, al minus, nihil esserea pro me».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B131-32</ref> Le possibilitate ''necessari'' del auto-attribution del representationes del autoconscientia, identic con se mesme trans le tempore, es un veritate conceptual ''a priori'' que non pote esser fundate super le experientia.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4.1}} Isto es solmente un esquissa general de un del argumentos que Kant presenta.
==== Principios del intellecto pur ====
Le deduction de Kant del categorias in le «Analytica del Conceptos», si illo es succedite, demonstra su assertiones concernente le categorias solmente in un maniera abstracte. Le carga del «Analytica del Principios» es monstrar tanto ''que'' illos debe applicar universalmente al objectos date in le experientia real (i.e., multitudes de intuition) como ''como'' illos face isto.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=9–10}} In le prime libro<!--????--> de iste section<!--????--> super le «[[Schema (Kant)|schematismo]]», Kant conecta cata un del categorias puramente logic del intellecto al temporalitate del intuition pro monstrar que, ben que illos non es empiric, illos tamen ha application al objectos del experientia. Le secunde libro continua iste linea de argumento in quatro capitulos, cata un associate con un del gruppos de categorias. In certe casos, illo adde un connexion con le dimension spatial del intuition al categorias que illo analysa.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=10–11}} Le quarte capitulo de iste section, «Le Analogias del Experientia», marca un cambiamento ab principios «mathematical» a principios «dynamic», isto es, a illos que tracta del relationes inter objectos. Alcun commentatores considera isto le section le plus significative del ''Critica''.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=11}} Le analogias es tres in numero:
# ''Principio del persistentia del substantia'': Kant se occupa hic del conditiones general pro determinar le relationes temporal inter le objectos del experientia. Ille argumenta que le unitate del tempore implica que «tote cambiamento debe consister in le alteration de estados in un substantia subjacente, cuje existentia e quantitate debe esser inalterabile o conservate».<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A182–26/B224–36</ref>
# ''Principio del succession temporal secundo le lege del causalitate'': Hic Kant argumenta que «nos pote facer judicios determinate super le succession objective de eventos, in contrasto con successiones simplemente subjective de representationes, solmente si cata alteration objective seque un regula necessari de succession, o un lege causal». Isto es le responsa le plus directe de Kant al scepticismo de [[Humeanismo#Causalitate e necessitate|Hume]] concernente le causalitate.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A186–211/B232–56</ref>
# ''Principio del simultaneitate secundo le lege del reciprocitate o communitate'': Le ultime analogia argumenta que «judicios determinate que objectos (o estados de substantia) in differente regiones del spatio existe simultaneemente es possibile solmente si tal objectos es in un relation causal mutual de communitate o interaction reciprocal». Isto es le responsa de Kant al these de [[Leibniz]] in le ''[[Monadologia]]''.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A211-15/B256-62</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=11–12}}
Le quarte section de iste capitulo, que non es un analogia, tracta del uso empiric del categorias modal. Illo esseva le fin del capitulo in le edition A del ''Critica''. Le edition B include un altere breve section, «Le Refutation del Idealismo». In iste section, per medio de un analyse del concepto de autoconscientia, Kant argumenta que su idealismo transcendental es un idealismo «critic» o «formal» que non nega le existentia de un realitate separate de nostre representationes subjective.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=12}} Le capitulo final del «Analytica del Principios» distingui le ''[[phenomena]]'', del qual nos pote haber cognoscentia authentic, ab le ''[[noumena]]'', un termino que se refere a objectos de pensamento pur que nos non pote cognoscer, ma al qual nos pote tamen referer «in un senso negative».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=12–13}} Un Appendice al section disveloppa ulteriormente le critica de Kant del rationalismo leibnizian-wolffian argumentante que su metaphysica «dogmatic» confunde le «simple characteristicas del conceptos per medio del qual nos pensa cosas ... [con] characteristicas del objectos mesme». Contra isto, Kant reafirma su proprie insistentia super le necessitate de un componente sensibile in tote cognoscentia authentic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=13}}
===Critica del metaphysica===
Le secunde del duo divisiones de "Le logica transcendental", "Le dialectica transcendental", contine le portion "negative" del ''Critica'' de Kant, que se basa super le argumentos "positive" del precedente "Analytica transcendental" pro revelar le limites del speculation metaphysic. In particular, illo cerca a demonstrar como fallace le tentativas del ration de attinger cognoscentia independente del sensibilitate. Iste effortio, argumenta Kant, es condemnate al fallimento, que ille pretende demonstrar monstrante que le ration, non limitate per le sensos, es sempre capace de generar conclusiones opost o alteremente incompatibile. Como "le columba legier, in volo libere per le aere, sentiente le resistentia que illo incontra" , le ration "pote haber le idea que illo poterea facer mesmo melio in un spatio sin aere". Contra isto, Kant sustene que, absente friction epistemic, il non pote haber cognoscentia. Nonobstante, le critica de Kant non es completemente destructive. Il presenta le excessos speculative del metaphysica traditional como inherente a nostre mesme capacitate de ration. In ultra, ille argumenta que lor productos non es sin un certe valor ''regulative'' (accuratemente qualificate).<ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521317245 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye/page/52 52]–55}}</ref>
====Super le conceptos del ration pur====
Kant appella le conceptos basic del metaphysica "ideas". Illos es differente del conceptos del intellecto in tanto que illos non es limitate per le restriction critic que limita le cognoscentia al conditiones de experientia possibile e a lor objectos. "Illusion transcendental" es le termino de Kant pro le tendentia del ration a producer tal ideas.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Ben que le ration ha un "uso logic" consistente simplemente in traher inferentias ex principios, in "Le dialectica transcendental", Kant se interessa al pretensive "uso real" del ration pro attinger conclusiones per medio de un ratiocination syllogistic regressive sin controlo.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}} Le tres categorias de ''relation'', quando illos es persequite sin reguardo al limites del experientia possibile, produce le tres ideas central del metaphysica traditional:
# ''Le anima'': le concepto de substantia como subjecto ultime;
# ''Le mundo in su totalitate'': le concepto de causalitate como serie complete; e
# ''Deo'': le concepto de communitate como fundamento commun de tote le possibilitates.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}}
Ben que Kant nega que iste ideas pote esser objectos de cognoscentia genuin, ille argumenta que illos resulta del impulsion inherent del ration a unificar le cognoscentia in un integre systematic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Le metaphysica de Leibniz e Wolff esseva dividite in quatro partes: ontologia, psychologia, cosmologia e theologia. Kant substitue le prime per le resultatos positive del prime parte del ''Critica''. Il propone de substituer le tres sequente per su doctrinas posterior de anthropologia, le fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural, e le postulation critic del libertate human e del moralitate.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=14}}
====Dialectic inferentias del ration pur====
In le secunde del duo libros de "Le Dialectic transcendental", Kant se effortia a demonstrar le natura contradictori del ration sin limites. Il face isto per disveloppar contradictiones in cata un del tres disciplinas metaphysic que, secundo su argumento, es in facto pseudoscientias. Iste section del ''Critica'' es longe e le argumentos de Kant es extrememente detaliate. In iste contexto, il non es possibile facer multo plus que enumerar le themas discutite.
Le prime capitulo tracta lo que Kant appella le ''paralogismos'' —i.e., inferentias false— que le ration pur face in le disciplina metaphysic del psychologia rational. Il argumenta que on non pote considerar le simple pensamento de "Io" in le proposition "Io pensa" como le cognoscentia correcte de "Io" como objecto. In iste maniera, ille pretende refutar varie theses metaphysic concernente le substantialitate, unitate e identitate de se del anima.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.i)}}
Le secunde capitulo, le plus longe, tracta le thema que Kant appella le [[Kant's antinomies|''antinomias del ration pur'']] —i.e., le contradictiones del ration con se mesme— in le disciplina metaphysic del cosmologia rational. Originalmente, Kant habeva pensate que tote illusion transcendental poterea esser analysate in terminos antinomic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=16}} Il presenta quatro casos in le quales, secundo ille, le ration es capace de provar theses opposite con equal plausibilitate:
# Que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le universo es simultaneemente finite e infinite in spatio e tempore";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le materia es e non es infinite divisibile in partes sempre plus parve";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le libero arbitrio non pote esser un parte causalmente efficace del mundo (proque tote le natura es deterministic) e tamen que illo debe esser un tal causa"; e
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que existe e non existe un ente necessari (que alcunos identificarea con Deo)".{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=16–17}}
Kant argumenta ulteriormente que, in cata caso, su doctrina del idealismo transcendental es capace de resolver le antinomia.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}
Le tertie capitulo examina argumentos fallace concernente Deo in le theologia rational sub le titulo del "Ideal del Ration Pur". (Dum un ''idea'' es un concepto pur generate per le ration, un ''ideal'' es le concepto de un idea como un cosa individual.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=17}}) Hic Kant examina e pretende refutar tres argumentos traditional pro le existentia de Deo: le [[argumento ontologic]], le [[argumento cosmologic]], e le [[argumento physico-theologic]] (i.e., le argumento del designio).{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.iii)}}
Le resultatos del dialectic transcendental usque a iste puncto pare esser completemente negative. In un appendice a iste section, Kant rejecta un tal conclusion. Le ideas del ration pur, ille argumenta, ha un importante function ''regulative'' in diriger e organisar nostre investigationes theoric e practic. Le obras posterior de Kant disveloppa iste function a longe e in detalio.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=18}}
===Pensamento moral===
{{Main|Ethica kantian}}
Kant disveloppava su ethica, o philosophia moral, in tres obras: ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1785), ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]'' (1788), e ''[[Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1797). Concernente al moralitate, Kant argumentava que le origine del [[Bonitate e theoria del valor|bon]] non jace in alique cosa exterior al [[human]] subjecto, sia in le [[natura]] o date per [[Deo]], ma solmente in le bon voluntate mesme. Un bon voluntate es illo que age per deber, in accordo con le lege moral universal que le esser human autonome se da libere a se mesme. Iste lege obliga un a tractar le humanitate —comprehendite como agentia rational e representate tanto per se mesme como per alteres— como un [[fin in se mesme]] e non simplemente como [[medio (philosophia)|medio]] pro altere fines que le individuo pote haber. Kant es cognoscite pro su theoria que tote [[obligation moral]] es fundate in lo que ille appella le "[[imperative categoric]]", derivate del concepto de [[deber]]. Il argumenta que le lege moral es un principio del [[ration]] mesme, non fundate super factos contingente del mundo, como lo que nos renderea felice; ager secundo le lege moral non ha altere motivo que "dignitate de esser felice".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A806/B834</ref>
Nonobstante, le expertos es largemente de accordo que le ethica de Kant precede, in le major parte de su ideas central, le periodo critic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ursprünge der Ethik Kants in seinen vorkritischen Schriften und Reflektionen |date=1961 |publisher=Hain |url=[https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Urspr%C3%BCnge_der_Ethik_Kants_in_seinen.html?id=8hps0QEACAAJ |language=de}}; {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Problem der Kontingenz der Welt: Versuch einer positiven Aufarbeitung der Kritik Kants am kosmologischen Argument |date=1969 |publisher=Herder |url=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Giovanni |title=Kants "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft": ein Kommentar |date=2004 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft |location=Darmstadt |isbn=3534157419}}</ref>
====Idea del libertate====
In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant distingue inter le idea transcendental del libertate, que como concepto psychologic es "principalmente empiric" e refere a "si un facultate de initiar per se mesme un serie de cosas o estados successive debe esser assumite",<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467">Kant, ''CPuR'' A448/B467</ref> e le concepto practic del libertate como independentia de nostre voluntate del "coercition" o "necessitation per impulsos sensibile". Kant trova un fonte de difficultate in le facto que le idea practic del libertate es fundate super le idea transcendental del libertate,<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A533–34/B561–62</ref> ma, pro rationes practic, usa le signification practic, non prendente "nulle consideration de ... su signification transcendental", que ille considera esser propriemente "disponite" in le Tertie Antinomia, e que, como elemento in le question del libertate del voluntate, es pro le philosophia "un ver obstaculo" que ha embarrassate le ration speculative.<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/>
Kant appella ''practic'' "tote lo que es possibile per libertate"; ille appella le leges practic pur que jammais es date per conditiones sensibile, ma que es tenite analogemente al lege universal del causalitate, "leges moral". Le ration pote dar nos solmente le "leges pragmatic de action libere per le sensos", ma le leges practic pur date per le ration ''a priori'' dicta "lo que debe esser facite".<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/><ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A800–02/B 828–30</ref> Le categorias kantian del libertate functiona principalmente como conditiones pro le possibilitate de actiones (i) esser libere, (ii) esser comprendite como libere, e (iii) esser evaluate moralmente. Pro Kant, ben que le actiones como objectos theoric es constituite per medio del categorias theoric, le actiones como objectos practic (objectos del uso practic del ration, que pote esser bon o mal) es constituite per medio del categorias del libertate. Solmente in iste maniera pote le actiones, como phenomena, esser consequentias del libertate, e esser comprendite e evaluate como tal.<ref>[[Susanne Bobzien]], 'Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant', in ''Kant: Analysen, Probleme, Kritik'' Vol. 1, 1988, 193–220.</ref>
====Imperative categoric====
Kant face un distinction inter imperativos categoric e [[imperative hypothetic]]. Un ''imperative hypothetic'' es uno que debe esser obsequite pro satisfacer desiros contingente. Un ''imperative categoric'' obliga le [[agente rational]] independentemente de su desiros: per exemplo, tote agentes rational ha le deber de respectar altere agentes rational como fines individual in se mesmes, independentemente del circumstantias, mesmo si a vices il es in le interesse egoistic de un persona de non facer lo. Iste imperativos es moralmente obligatori a causa del forma categoric de lor maximas, e non a causa de factos contingente concernente un agente.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 83.</ref>
A differentia de imperativos hypothetic, que nos obliga in tanto que nos es parte de un gruppo o societate a que nos debe deberes, nos non pote optar ex le imperative categoric, proque nos non pote optar ex le facto de esser agentes rational. Nos debe un deber al rationalitate in virtute de esser agentes rational; ergo, principios moral rational se applica a tote agentes rational in tote momentos.{{sfn|Johnson|2008}} Dicite in altere terminos, con tote formas de rationalitate instrumental excludite del moralitate, "le lege moral mesme, sustene Kant, pote esser solmente le forma del legalitate mesme, proque nihil altere remane quando tote contento ha essite rejectate".{{sfn|Schneewind|2010|p=261}}
Kant propone tres formulationes del imperative categoric. Il asserta que illos es necessariemente equivalente, como expressiones del universalitate pur del lege moral in se mesme;<ref>Kant, ''G''. 4:420–421, 436.</ref> multe estudioses non es convincite.<ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–78</ref> Le formulationes es le sequente:
* ''Formula del Lege Universal'':
** "Age solmente secundo ille maxima per le qual tu pote al mesme tempore voler que illo deveni un lege universal";<ref name="Kant, G 4:421">Kant, ''G'' 4:421</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Lege del Natura'': "Age assi como si le maxima de tu action, per tu voluntate, deberea devenir un lege universal del natura."<ref name="Kant, G 4:421"/>
* ''Formula del Humanitate como Fin in se mesme'':
** "Age de maniera que tu usa le humanitate, tanto in tu proprie persona como in le persona de cata altere, sempre al mesme tempore como fin e jammais simplemente como medio".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:429</ref>
* ''Formula del Autonomia'':
** "le idea del voluntate de cata esser rational como un voluntate que da lege universal",<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:431; cf. 4:432</ref> o "Non eliger alteremente que in maniera que le maximas de tu election sia al mesme tempore comprehendite con illo, in le mesme volition, como lege universal";<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:440; cf. 4:432, 434, 438</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Regno del Fines'': "Age secundo maximas de un membro universalmente legislative de un regno simplemente possibile de fines."<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:439; cf. 4:433, 437–439</ref><ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, p.6</ref>
Kant defini ''maxima'' como un "principio subjective del volition", que es distinguite de un "principio objective o 'lege practic'". Dum le ultime es valide pro cata esser rational e es un "principio secundo le qual ille debe ager", un maxima "contine le regula practic que le ration determina in accordo con le conditiones del subjecto (frequentemente su ignorantia o inclinationes) e es assi le principio secundo le qual le subjecto age".<ref>Caygill, Howard. (1995) ''A Kant Dictionary''. Blackwell Publishing, p. 289, citante ''GMM''.</ref>
Le maximas falle a qualificar como leges practic si illos produce un contradiction in conception o un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Un contradiction in conception occurre quando, si un maxima esseva universalizate, illo cessarea de haber senso, proque le "maxima se destruererea necessariemente a si mesme tosto que illo esseva facite un lege universal".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:403.</ref> Per exemplo, si le maxima "Es permissibile romper promissas" esseva universalizate, nulle persona haberea confidentia in promissas facite, e assi le idea de un promissa devenirea sin signification; le maxima esserea contradictori a se mesme, proque, quando illo es universalizate, le promissas cessa de haber signification. Le maxima non es moral proque il es logicamente impossibile universalizar lo —nos non pote conceber un mundo in le qual iste maxima es universalisate.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 88.</ref>
Un maxima pote anque esser immoral si illo crea un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Isto non significa un contradiction logic, ma que le universalisation del maxima conduce a un stato de cosas que nulle esser ''rational'' desira.
===="Le doctrina del virtute"====
Como Kant explica in le 1785 ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' e como su titulo indica directemente, ille texto es "nihil plus que le recerca e establimento del ''principio supreme del moralitate''".<ref>Kant, ''GMM'' 4:392.</ref> Su promittite ''Metaphysica del Morales'' esseva multo retardate e non appareva usque a su duo partes, "Le Doctrina del Derecto" e "Le Doctrina del Virtute", esser publicate separatemente in 1797 e 1798.<ref>Gregor, Mary J. (1996) "Translator's note on the text of The metaphysics of morals". In ''Practical Philosophy''. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, p. 355.</ref>
Le prime tracta le philosophia politic; le secunde, le ethica. "Le Doctrina del Virtute" presenta "un narration multo differente del rationamento moral ordinari" ab illo suggerite per le ''Fundamento''.{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Illo se interessa a ''deberes del virtute'' o "fines que al mesme tempore es deberes".<ref>Kant, ''MM''. 6:382–391.</ref> Il es hic, in le dominio del ethica, que le major innovation de ''Le Metaphysica del Morales'' se trova. Secundo le explication de Kant, "le rationamento moral ordinari es fundamentalmente teleologic —illo es rationamento concernente le fines que le moralitate nos obliga a persequer, e le prioritates inter iste fines que nos es obligate a observar".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=69}}
<blockquote>Il existe duo classes de fines que es nostre deber haber: nostre proprie perfection e le felicitate de alteres (''MS'' 6:385). "Perfection" include tanto nostre perfection natural (le disveloppamento de nostre talentos, habilitates e capacitate de comprender) como nostre perfection moral (nostre disposition virtuose) (''MS'' 6:387). Le "felicitate" de un persona es le plus grande integre rational del fines que le persona ha fixate pro su proprie satisfaction (''MS'' 6:387–388).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=70}}</blockquote>
Le elaboration de Kant de iste doctrina teleologic propone un theoria moral multo differente de illo que normalmente es attribuite a ille super le base de su obras foundational sol.
=== Politica ===
{{vide etiam|Politica philosophic de Immanuel Kant}}
In ''Vers le Pace Perpetual: Un Projecto Philosophic'', Kant enumerava plure conditiones que ille considerava necessari pro terminar guerras e crear un pace durabile. Inter illas esseva un mundo de republicas constitutional.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:349–353</ref> Su theoria republican esseva extendite in le "Doctrina del Drito", le prime parte del ''[[Metaphysica del Morals]]'' (1797).<ref>Manfred Riedel, ''Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy'', Cambridge 1984</ref> Kant credeva que le historia universal conduce al fin ultime de un mundo de statos republican in pace, ma su theoria non esseva pragmatic. Le processo esseva describite in ''Pace Perpetual'' como natural plus tosto que rational:
{{blockquote|Lo que offere iste ''garantia'' (securitate) es nihil minus que le grande artista ''natura'' (''natura daedala rerum''), de cuje curso mechanic appare visibilemente le finalitate, lassante concordia emerger per medio del discordia inter esseres human, mesmo contra lor voluntate; e pro iste ration natura, considerate como necessitate per un causa cuje lege de operationes es incognoscibile a nos, es appellate ''fato'', ma si nos considera su finalitate in le curso del mundo como le profunde sapientia de un causa superior, dirigite verso le fin objective ultime del genere human e predeterminante iste curso del mundo, illo es appellate ''providentia''.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:360–362</ref>}}
Le pensamento politic de Kant pote esser resumite como governamento republican e organisation international: "In terminos plus characteristicamente kantian, illo es un doctrina del stato fundate super le lege (''[[Rechtsstaat]]'') e del pace eternal. In facto, in cata un de iste formulationes, le duo terminos exprime le mesme idea: celle de constitution legal o de 'pace per le lege'.<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 581–582</ref> "Le philosophia politic de Kant, essente essentialmente un doctrina juridic, rejecta per definition le opposition inter education moral e le joco de passiones como fundamentos alternative pro le vita social. Le stato es definite como le union de homines sub lege. Le stato in le proprie senso es constituite per leges que es necessari ''a priori'' proque illos deriva del ipse concepto del lege. Un regime pote esser judicate per nulle altere criterios ni assignate altere functiones que illos proprie al ordine legal como tal."<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 603</ref>
Kant se opponeva al "democratia", que in su epocha significava [[democratia directe]], proque ille credeva que le regula del majoritate poneva in periculo le libertate individual. Ille declarava que "''democratia'' in le stricte senso del parola es necessariemente un ''despotismo'' proque illo establi un poter executive in le qual omnes decide pro e, si necesse, contra un (qui assi non concorda), de sorta que omnes, qui tamen non es omnes, decide; e isto es un contradiction del voluntate general con se mesme e con libertate."<ref>Kant, p. 8:352</ref>
Como le major parte del autores de su epocha, Kant distingueva tres formas de governamento —democratia, aristocratia e monarchia— con [[governamento mixte]] como le forma plus ideal.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:352</ref> Ille credeva in ideales e formas republican de governamento, e in le [[dominio del lege]] que resultava de illos.<ref>Kant, pp. 8:349–8:353</ref> Ben que Kant publicava isto como un "obra popular", [[Mary J. Gregor]] observa que duo annos plus tarde, in ''Metaphysica del Morals'', Kant pretende demonstrar ''systematicamente'' que "establir un pace universal e durabile constitue non solmente un parte del doctrina del drito, sed plus tosto le integre fin ultime del doctrina del drito intra le limites del ration pur".<ref>Kant, ''MM'' 6:355</ref><ref>Gregor, Mary J. "Introduction", in ''Practical Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press, p. 313</ref>
Le pensamento politic posterior de Kant esseva profundemente preoccupate per le problema del guerra e le possibilitate de establir un pace durabile inter le statos. In ''[[Pace Perpetual: Un Sketch Philosophic|Vers le Pace Perpetual]]'' (1795), ille argumentava que un pace durabile non poteva esser securate simplemente per tractatos, ma requireva constitutiones republican, respecto del derecto international e un federation voluntari de statos libere. Ille se opponeva al [[guerra de conquista|guerras de conquista]], al exercitos permanente e al practicas politic que incoragiava conflictos futur, e ille considerava le developpamento progressive de relationes international legal como un del tarefas politic central del humanitate.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kant's Social and Political Philosophy |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2016 |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Higgins |first=Olivier |title=Kant on Peace, Honor and the "Point of View" of Princes, 1755–1795 |journal=Modern Intellectual History |year=2023 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=738–763 |doi=10.1017/S1479244322000476 }}</ref>
''Le Doctrina del Drito'', publicate in 1797, contine le contribution le plus mature e systematic de Kant al philosophia politic. Illo tracta del deberes secundo le lege, que es "concernite solmente con le protection del libertate externe del individuos" e es indifferente al motivationes. Ben que existe un deber moral "de limitar nos a actiones que es juste, iste deber non es parte de [le drito] ipse".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Su idea politic basic es que "le derecto de cata persona de esser su proprie maestro es compatibile con le derectos de alteres solmente si institutiones juridic public existe".<ref>Ripstein, Arthur. (2009) ''Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy''. Harvard University Press, p. 9.</ref> Ille formula le principio universal del drito como:
{{Citation|Omne action es ''juste'' si illo pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal, o si, secundo su maxima, le libertate de selection de cata uno pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal. (''MS'' 6:230).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}}}}
===Scriptores religiose===
{{Main|Religion intra le limites del ration pur}}
A partir del seculo XX, commentatores tendeva a vider Kant como habente un relation tensionate con le religion, ben que isto non esseva le opinion predominante durante le seculo XIX. [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], cuje litteras adjutava a render Kant famose, scribeva: «Io crede que io pote inferer sin reservation que le interesse del religion, e del christianitate in particular, concorda completemente con le resultato del Critica del Ration.»<ref>Karl Leonhard Reinhold, ''Letters on the Kantian Philosophy'' (1786), 3rd Letter</ref> Secundo [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]], qui scribeva un del prime commentarios super Kant: «E non es iste systema mesme in le plus splendide accordo con le religion christian? Non deveni le divinitate e le beneficentia de iste ultime tanto plus evidente?»<ref>Johann Schultz, ''Exposition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason'' (1784), 141.</ref> Le ration pro iste interpretationes esseva le theologia moral de Kant e le opinion largemente diffundite que su philosophia esseva le grande antithese a [[Spinozismo]], que esseva largemente considerate un forma de pantheismo sophistificate o mesmo de atheismo. Proque le philosophia de Kant negligeva le possibilitate de arguer pro Deo per le ration pur sol, per le mesme ration illo etiam negligeva le possibilitate de arguer contra Deo per le ration pur sol.
Kant dirige su criticas le plus forte contra le organisation e le practicas del institutiones religiose que incoragia lo que ille considera un religion de falso servicio a Deo.<ref>Kant, ''RBMR'' Part IV, First part, First section [6:157–163]</ref> Inter le objectos principal de su critica es le rituales externe, le superstition e un ecclesia hierarchic. Ille vide iste practicas como effortios pro render se agradabile a Deo per medios altere que le adherentia conscientiose al principio del rectitude moral in eliger e sequer le maximas proprie. Le criticas de Kant super iste questiones, insimul con su rejection de certe provas theoretic del existentia de Deo fundate super le ration pur, particularmente le [[argumento ontologic]], e su commentario philosophic super certe doctrinas christian, ha resultate in interpretationes que considera Kant hostil al religion in general e al christianitate in particular.<ref>E.g., Walsh, W.H., 1967, "Kant, Immanuel: Philosophy of Religion", ''The Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Volume Four, Paul Edwards (ed.), New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. & The Free Press, 322.</ref> Altere interpretes, nonobstante, considera que Kant tentava distinguer le credentias christian defendibile del illas indefendibile.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Pasternack|first1=Lawrence|last2=Rossi|first2=Philip|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|url=[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's](http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's) Philosophy of Religion|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2014|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/%7Curl-status%3Dlive%7D%7D)</ref>
Concernente le conception de Kant del religion, alcun criticos ha arguite que ille esseva sympathic al deismo.<ref>Per exemplo Peter Byrne, qui scribeva super le relation de Kant con le deismo. Byrne, Peter (2007), ''Kant on God'', London: Ashgate, p. 159.</ref> Altere criticos ha arguite que le conception moral de Kant passa del deismo al theismo (como theismo moral), per exemplo Allen W. Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (1970), ''Kant's moral religion'', London and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 16.</ref> e etiam [[Merold Westphal]].<ref>Westphal, Merold (2010), ''The Emergence of Modern Philosophy of Religion'', in Taliaferro, Charles, Draper, Paul and Quinn, Philip (editors), ''A Companion to Philosophy of Religion'', Oxford: Blackwell, p. 135.</ref> Quanto al libro de Kant ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur|Religion intra le limites del Ration Pur]]'', esseva accentuate que Kant reduceva le religiositate a rationalitate, le religion a moralitate, e le christianitate a ethica;<ref>Iţu, Mircia (2004), ''Dumnezeu şi religia în concepţia lui Immanuel Kant din Religia în limitele raţiunii'', in Boboc, Alexandru and Mariş, N.I. (editors), ''Studii de istoria filosofiei universale'', volume 12, Bucharest: Romanian Academy.</ref> tamen, multe interpretes, inter illes Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (2020), ''Kant and Religion'', Cambridge University Press, p. 2.</ref> insimul con Lawrence Pasternack,<ref>Vider per exemplo Lawrence Pasternack, ''Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason'' (New York, Routledge, 2014), pp. 239–240.</ref> ora concorda con le assertion de [[Stephen Palmquist]] que un melior maniera de leger le ''Religion'' de Kant es vider lo como un tentativa de elevar le moralitate al stato de religion.<ref>Palmquist, Stephen (1992), "Does Kant Reduce Religion to Morality?", ''Kant-Studien'' 83.2, pp. 129–148.</ref>
Le philosopho german Josef Schmucker monstrava que le critica de Kant del provas traditional del existentia de Deo precede su periodo critic e pote esser traciate retro al annos 1760, como etiam le developpamento de su concepto del ideal transcendental.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant |date=1980 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |location=Berlin, BRD New York |isbn=311008130X}} e {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Weltproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft: Kommentar und Strukturanalyse des ersten Buches und des zweiten Hauptstücks des zweiten Buches der transzendentalen Dialektik |date=1990 |publisher=Bouvier Verl |location=Bonn |isbn=3416021851}}</ref>
=== Esthetica ===
{{vide etiam|Teleologia de Kant}}
[[File:Immanuel Kant.jpg|thumb|Gravura de Kant per Friedrich Rosmäsler, 1822, a partir de un pictura de Todd Schorr]]
Kant tracta le natura subjective de qualitates e experientias esthetic in ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' (1764). Le contribution de Kant al theoria esthetic es disveloppate in le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'' (1790), ubi ille investiga le possibilitate e le stato logic de "judicamentos de gusto". In le "Analytica del Belle", le prime division major del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant usa le termino "esthetic" in un maniera que se approxima a su senso moderne.<ref>Critique of Judgment in "Kant, Immanuel", ''[[https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf](https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf) Encyclopedia of Philosophy]'', volume 5, Macmillan, 2006, accessed on 16 November 2024</ref> In le ''[[Critica del Ration Pure]]'', pro notar le differentias essential inter judicamentos de gusto, judicamentos moral e judicamentos scientific, Kant abandona le termino "esthetic" como designante le critica del gusto, notante que le judicamentos de gusto nunquam pote esser "dirigite" per "leges ''a priori''".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A22/B36</ref> Post [[Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten]], qui scribeva ''Aesthetica'' (1750–58),{{efn|Beardsley, Monroe. "History of Aesthetics". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, section on "Toward a unified aesthetics", p. 25, Macmillan 1973. Baumgarten coined the term "aesthetics" and expanded, clarified, and unified Wolffian aesthetic theory, but had left the ''Aesthetica'' unfinished (Vide etiam: Tonelli, Giorgio. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, Macmillan 1973). In Bernard's translation of the ''Critique of Judgment'' he indicates in the notes that Kant's reference in § 15 in regard to the identification of perfection and beauty is probably a reference to Baumgarten.}} Kant esseva un del prime philosophos a developpar e integrar le theoria aesthetic in un systema philosophic unificate e comprehensibile, utilisante ideas que habeva un rolo integral in tote su philosophia.<ref>German Idealism in "History of Aesthetics" ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol 1. Macmillan, 1973.</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Belle" del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant dice que le beltate non es un proprietate de un obra de arte o de un phenomeno natural, sed plus tosto le conscientia del placer que accompania le "libere joco" del imagination e del intellecto. Ben que il pare que nos usa le ration pro decider lo que es belle, le judicio non es un judicio cognitive,{{efn|Kant's general discussions of the distinction between "cognition" and "conscious of" are also given in the ''Critique of Pure Reason'' (notably A320/B376), and section V and the conclusion of section VIII of his Introduction in ''Logic''.}} "e per consequentia non logic, sed aesthetic".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §1</ref>
Un judicio pure de gusto es subjective pois que illo se refere al responsa emotional del subjecto e es fundate solmente super le appreciation del objecto ipse: illo es un placer disinteressate, e nos senti que le judicios pure de gusto (i.e., judicios de beltate) reclama validitate universal.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§ 20–22</ref> Iste validitate universal non deriva de un concepto determinate de beltate, sed de le ''senso commun''.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §40</ref> Kant credeva anque que un judicio de gusto comparti characteristicas con un judicio moral: ambes es disinteressate, e nos considera les universalmente valide.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §59</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Taste |year=1997 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674500358 |pages=15–20}}</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Sublime", Kant identifica le [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] como un qualitate aesthetic que, como le beltate, es subjective, sed que, a differentia del beltate, se refere a un relation indeterminate inter le facultates del imagination e del ration. Illo comparti anque le character del judicamentos moral in su implication del ration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clewis |first=Robert R. |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521760867 |pages=48–52}}</ref> Le sentimento del sublime, dividite in duo modos distincte (le sublime mathematic e le sublime dynamic),<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §24</ref> describe duo momentos subjective concernente le relation del facultate del imagination al ration. Alcun commentatores sustene que le philosophia critic de Kant contine un tertie typo del sublime, le sublime moral, que es le responsa aesthetic al lege moral o a un representation, e un disveloppamento del sublime "nobile" in le theoria de Kant de 1764.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clewis |first=Robert |year=2009 |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Le sublime mathematic resulta del fallimento del imagination a comprender objectos natural que appare sin limites e sin forma, o que appare "absolute grande".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§23–25</ref> Iste fallimento imaginative es alora recuperate per le placer prendite in le assertion del ration del concepto de infinito. In iste movimento le facultate del ration prova esser superior a nostre fallibile self sensibile.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§25–26</ref> In le sublime dynamic, il ha le senso de annihilation del self sensibile quando le imagination tenta comprender un potentia enorme. Iste potentia del natura nos mena, sed per le resistentia del ration a tal annihilation sensibile, le subjecto senti un placer e un senso del vocation moral human. Iste appreciation del sentimento moral per medio del exposition al [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] adjuta a developpar le character moral.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§28–29</ref> Kant developpava un theoria del [[Humor|humor]],<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §54</ref> que ha essite interpretate como un theoria del "incongruentia". Il illustrava su theoria del humor per narrar tres scherzos in le ''Critica del Judicio''. Il pensava que le impacto physiologic del humor es simile a illo del musica.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jakobidze-Gitman|first=Alexander|title=Kant's Situated Approach to Musicking and Joking|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies|year=2020|volume=10|pages=17–33|doi=10.25364/24.10:2020.2}}</ref>
Kant developpava un distinction inter un objecto de arte como valor material subjecte al conventiones del societate e le condition transcendental del judicio de gusto como un valor "refinate" in su ''Idea pro un Historia Universal con un Fin Cosmopolita'' (1784). In le Quarte e Quinte Theses de iste obra ille identificava tote arte como le "fructos del insociabilitate" debite al "antagonismo in societate" del homines<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:20–22</ref> e, in le Septime These, affirmava que, ben que tal proprietate material es indicative de un stato civilisate, sol le ideal del moralitate e le universalisation del valor refine per le melioration del mente "appartene a cultura".<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:24–26.</ref>
===Anthropologia===
Kant faceva lectiones super [[Historia del anthropologia|anthropologia]], le studio del natura human, durante vinti-tres annos.<ref><nowiki>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Holly |title=Kant's Pragmatic Anthropology |url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils) |url-access=limited |date=2006 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=978-0791468494 |page=[[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21<nowiki>) 7]}}</nowiki></ref> Su ''[[Anthropologia ab un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' esseva publicate in 1798. Transcriptiones del lectiones de Kant super anthropologia esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 1997 in germano.<ref>Thomas Sturm, ''Kant und die Wissenschaften vom Menschen'' (Paderborn: Mentis Verlag, 2009).</ref> Kant esseva inter le prime personas de su epocha a introducer le anthropologia como area intellectual de studio, multo ante que le campo deveniva popular, e su textos es considerate como habente facite progressar le campo. Su puncto de vista influentiava le obras de philosophos posterior como [[Martin Heidegger]] e [[Paul Ricœur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piercey |first1=Robert |last2=Philosophy Documentation Center |date=2011 |title=Kant and the Problem of Hermeneutics: Heidegger and Ricoeur on the Transcendental Schematism |url=[http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection](http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection) |journal=Idealistic Studies |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–202 |doi=10.5840/idstudies201141315 |issn=0046-8541|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Kant esseva le prime a suggerer le uso de un approccio dimensional al diversitate human. Il analysava le natura del [[Hippocrate]]-[[Galen]] [[quatro temperamentos]] e representava in duo dimensiones "lo que pertine al facultate del desiderio de un esser human": "su aptitude natural o disposition natural" e "su temperamento o sensibilitate".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:285</ref> Le colericos esseva describite como emotional e energetic, le flemmaticos como equilibrate e debile, le sanguinees como equilibrate e energetic, e le melancholicos como emotional e debile. Iste duo dimensiones reapparer in tote le modelos subsequente de temperamento e tractos de personalitate. Kant considerava le anthropologia in duo grande categorias: (1) le approccio physiologic, que ille appellava "lo que le natura face del esser human"; e (2) le approccio pragmatic, que explora le cosas que un human "pote e debe facer de se ipse".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:119</ref>
====Vistas super le racia====
Le theoria de Kant super le racia e su opiniones prejudicial es inter le areas le plus controverse del recerca kantian recente.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1438443614 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany, New York |pages=12–30 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Zorn |first=Daniel-Pascal |title=Kant—a Racist? |url=[https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/](https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/) |journal=Public History Weekly |year=2020 |volume=2020 |issue=8 |doi=10.1515/phw-2020-17156 |s2cid=225247836 |issn=2197-6376 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kleingeld |first=Pauline |date=October 2007 |title=Kant's Second Thoughts on Race |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/KLEKST |journal=Philosophical Quarterly |volume=57 |issue=229 |pages=573–592 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.498.x}}</ref>--> Ben que pauc, si alcun, contesta le racismo manifeste e le chauvinismo presente in su obra, un question plus contestate es le grado in le qual illo degrada o invalida su altere contributiones. Su criticos le plus sever asserta que Kant manipulava intentionalmente le scientia pro supportar le sclavitude e le discrimination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eze |first=Emmanuel |chapter=The Color of Reason: the Idea of 'Race' in Kant's Anthropology |date=1997 |url=[https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO](https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO) |title=Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader |pages=103–140 |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |publisher=Blackwell |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serequeberhan |first=T. |date=1996 |title=Eurocentrism in Philosophy: the Case of Immanuel Kant |journal=The Philosophical Forum |s2cid=170547963 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Alteres recognosce que ille viveva in un epocha de scientia immatur, con multe credentias erronee, alcun racist, tote apparente decennios ante le evolution, le genetica molecular e altere scientias que hodie es considerate como evidente.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Philosophy Junkie: Immanuel Kant's Racism and Sexism with Professors Lucy Allais and Helga Varden on Apple Podcasts |url=[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962) |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geismann |first=Georg |date=1 January 2022 |title=Why Kant Was Not a 'Racist' |url=[https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist](https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist) |journal=Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=263–357 |doi=10.3790/jre.30.1.263 |s2cid=255676303 |issn=0944-4610|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Kant esseva un del pensatores plus notabile del [[Illuminismo]] a defender le racismo. Le philosopho [[Charles W. Mills]] es inequivoc: "Kant es etiam considerate como un del figuras central in le nascentia del racismo 'scientific' moderne. Dum altere contributores al pensamento racial precoce como Carolus Linnaeus e Johann Friedrich Blumenbach habeva offerite solmente observationes 'empiric' (virgulettes de cautela necessari!), Kant produceva un ''theoria'' complete del racia."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112|p=95}}
Exemplos de su commentarios racistas pote esser trovate in ''Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime'', ubi ille rejecta le opinion de un "carpintero negro" dicente:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> <blockquote>Il poterea haber hic qualcosa digne de consideration, excepto le facto que <u>iste scelerato esseva completemente nigre de capite a pede, un prova distincte que lo que ille diceva esseva stupide</u>.</blockquote>Il usa etiam assertiones de [[David Hume|Hume]] pro formular opiniones raciste:<ref name=":3" /> <blockquote>Le negros de Africa <u>ha per natura nulle sentimento que se eleva supra le ridiculo</u>. Sr. Hume provoca quicunque a citar un sol exemplo ubi un negro ha demonstrate talentos, e asserta que inter le centos de milles de negros que ha essite transportate alterubi ab lor paises, ben que multes de illes ha essite liberate, tamen <u>nulle ha unquam essite trovate qui ha accomplishite alque grande in le arte o in le scientia o monstrate ulle altere qualitate digne de laude, durante que inter le blancos il ha sempre illes qui se eleva del plus basse plebe e per dons extraordinari gania le respecto del mundo. Assi essential es le differentia inter iste duo typos human, e illo pare esser tanto grande con respecto al capacitate del mente como con respecto al color.</u> Le religion del fetiches, que es diffundite inter illes, es forsan un sorta de idolatria, que cade tanto profundemente in le ridiculo como pare esser possibile pro le natura human. Un penna de ave, un corno de vacca, un concha, o qualcunque altere cosa commun, tosto que illo es consecrate con certe parolas, deveni un objecto de veneration e de invocation durante le juramentos. <u>Le negros es multo vanitose, ma al maniera del Negro, e assi loquace que illes debe esser separate le unes ab le alteres per colpos.</u></blockquote>
Il deride etiam le costumes de terras non-europee como China, India, Japon e Arabia. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>In Peking, quando il ha un eclipse del sol o del luna, illes continua ancora le ceremonia de expeller con un grande strepito le dracon que devorarea iste corpos celeste, e <u>illes conserva un costume miserabile ab le plus ancian tempores de ignorantia</u>, ben que ora on es melior informate.</blockquote>
In su ''De le differente racias del homine'', ille usa multo de racismo scientific pro describer differente racias. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2016 |title=Kant on the different human races (1777) |url=[https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/](https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/) |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Black Central Europe |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>Le profusion de particulas de ferro que se trova altrimenti in le sanguine de omne esser human, e que, in iste caso, es precipitate in le substantia reticulate per le evaporation del acido phosphoric (<u>lo que explica proque tote le negros ha mal odor</u>), es le causa del nigritie que brilla trans le epidermide. Le pesante contento de ferro in le sanguine pare etiam esser necessari pro impedir le debilitamento de tote le partes del corpore. Le pelle oleose, que debilita le mucus nutritive necessari al crescimento del capillos, permitte a pena le production del lana que coper le testa. <u>In plus, le calor humide generalmente promove le forte crescimento del animales.</u> In breve, tote iste factores explica le origine del Negro, <u>qui es ben adaptate a su clima, isto es, forte, carnal e agile.</u> Tamen, proque ille es assi abundantemente provite per su terra natal, <u>ille es etiam pigre, indolente e morose.</u></blockquote>
Pro justificar le superioritate del blancos, ille scribe in le mesme essay:<ref name=":4" /><blockquote>Inter le blancos, tamen, iste acidos e le contento alkaline volatile non es reflectite del toto proque le ferro in le liquores corporee ha essite dissolvite, monstrante assi tanto le <u>perfecte mixtura del liquores como le fortia de iste stirpe human in comparation con alteres.</u></blockquote>
Usante le [[quatro temperamentos]] del Grecia antique, Kant proponeva un hierarchia de categorias racial includente europeos blancos, africanos negros e americanos indigenas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |chapter=On the Different Races of Man |title=Race and the Enlightenment: a reader |url=https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse |publisher=Blackwell |year=1997 |isbn=063120136X |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse/page/38 38]–49 |oclc=34663347 |orig-date=1775, 1777}}</ref> Ben que ille esseva un defensor del [[racismo scientific]] durante le major parte de su carriera, le opiniones de Kant super le racia cambiava significantemente durante le ultime decennio de su vita, e ille finalmente rejectava le [[colonialismo]] europee in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795), e possibilemente abandonava su opiniones super le hierarchias racial tamben (ben que ille nunquam los repudiava explicitemente).{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112}}<ref name=":2" />{{efn|Kant scribeva que "[Le blancos] contine tote le impulsos del natura in affectiones e passiones, tote le talentos, tote le dispositiones al cultura e civilisation e pote tanto facilemente obedir como governar. Illes es le sol personas qui sempre progresse verso le perfection." Il describe le sud-asiaticos como "educate al grado le plus alte ma solmente in le artes e non in le scientias". Il dice que le Hindustanis nunquam pote attinger le nivello del conceptos abstracte e que un "grande hindustani" es un qui ha "progresso multo in le arte del deception e possede multe moneta". Il affirma que le hindus remane sempre como illes es e nunquam pote progressar. Super le africanos negros, Kant scribeva que "illos pote esser educate ma solmente como servientes, isto es, illes se lassa formar". Pro Kant, "le Negro pote esser disciplinate e cultivate, ma nunquam es vermente civilisate. Il cade de su proprie accordo in le savagitate." Super le americanos indigenas, Kant opinava que illes "non pote esser educate". Il los appellava immotivate, carente de affection, passion e amor, e los describerea como troppo debile pro labor, inapte a ulle cultura, e troppo [[Quatro temperamentos|flemmatic]] pro diligentia. Il diceva que le americanos indigenas es "multo infra le Negro, qui sin dubita occupa le plus basse de tote le nivellos restante per le quales nos designa le differente racias". Kant declarava que "le americanos e le negros non pote governar se mesme. Illes servi assi solmente como sclavos."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=169–193}}{{sfn|Bowersox|2016}}}} Kant esseva un adversario del [[Miscegenation|miscigenation]], credente que le blancos esserea "degradate" e que le "fusion de racias" es indesirabile, proque "non cata racia adopta le costumes e le mores del europeos". Il declara que "in loco del assimilation, que esseva intendite per le mixtura del varie racias, le natura ha hic facite un lege justo del contrario".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:320</ref> Kant esseva etiam un antisemita, credente que le [[Judaeos|judeos]] esseva incapace de transcender le fortias material, lo que un ordine moral exigeva. In iste maniera, le judeos es presentate como le contrario de christianos autonome e rational, e ergo incapace de esser incorporate in un societate christian etic. In su "Anthropologia", Kant appellava le judeos "un nation de fraudatores" e los representava como "un gruppo que ha sequite non le via del libertate transcendental ma illo del sclavitude al mundo material".{{sfn|Shrage|2019}}
Mills scribeva que Kant ha essite "purificate pro le consumption public"; su obras raciste esseva convenientemente ignorate.{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=95–97}} [[Robert Bernasconi]] affirmava que Kant "forniva le prime definition scientific de racia". [[Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze]] es creditate con haber portate al lumine le contributiones de Kant al racismo durante le annos 1990 inter le philosophos occidental, qui, secundo ille, frequentemente dissimulava iste parte de su vita e obra.{{sfn|Bouie|2018}} Pauline Kleingeld argumenta que, ben que Kant "defendeva un hierarchia racial al minus usque al fin del annos 1780", su opiniones super le racia cambiava significantemente in obras publicate durante le ultime decennio de su vita. In particular, illa argumenta que Kant rejectava opiniones anterior ligate al hierarchias racial e al derectos o statuto moral diminuite de non-blancos in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795). Iste obra contineva etiam argumentos extensive contra le [[colonialismo]] europee, que ille declarava moralmente injuste e incompatibile con le derectos equal possedite per le populationes indigene. Kleingeld argumenta que iste cambio in le opiniones de Kant plus tarde in su vita ha essite frequentemente oblidate o ignorate in le litteratura super le anthropologia raciste de Kant, e que le cambio suggere un recognition tardive del facto que le hierarchia racial esseva incompatibile con un quadro moral universalitate.{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}
Ben que le rhetoric raciste de Kant es indicative del stato del erudition e del scientia in le XVIII seculo, le philosopho german [[Daniel-Pascal Zorn]] explica le risco de prender citationes del epocha foras de lor contexto. Multe del citationes le plus outrageous de Kant proveni ab un serie de articulos de 1777–1788, un intercambio public inter Kant, Herder, le scientista natural [[Georg Forster]], e altere eruditos eminente de ille epocha.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race: late eighteenth-century writings |date=2013 |others=Jon M. Mikkelsen |isbn=978-1461943129 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany |oclc=861693001 |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref>{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=298–301, 343–345}}<ref>cf. Kant, ''DCHR'' 8:91–106</ref> Kant affirma que tote le racias del humanitate es del mesme specie, contestante le position de Forster e alteres que le racias esseva species distincte. Ben que su commentario es clarmente partial in alcun casos, certe assertiones extreme esseva specialmente formulate pro paraphrasar o contradir Forster e altere autores.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Considerante le arco complete del erudition de Kant, Zorn nota le progression tanto in su obras philosophic como anthropologic, "con le qual ille argumenta, contra le ''zeitgeist'', pro le unitate del humanitate".<ref name=":1" />
==== Vistas super le feminas ====
Le opiniones de Kant super le feminas pote esser trovate in su obras como ''Observationes'' (1764) e ''Anthropologia'' (1798), in le quales, negante al feminas le plen capacitate pro principios moral e le equal stato civic, ille los tracta como moralmente e politicemente subordinate al homines, e non como agentes complete in lor proprie derecto. Kant credeva que homines e feminas es naturalmente differente e debe sviluppar differente typos de excellentia: le homines es characterisate per ration, principios e le "sublime", durante que le feminas es characterisate per sentimento, beltate e sensibilitate. Il susteneva que le feminas es intelligente, ma credeva que illas non age secundo principios moral abstracte in le mesme maniera que le homines; in vice de isto, illas possede un "belle virtute" fundate super sympathia, cura e judicio emotional plus tosto que super deber rational. In su obra precoce ille videva iste virtute feminine como valorose e socialmente benefic, ma in su scriptos posterior ille negava sempre plus le capacitate del feminas pro ver autonomia moral, argumentante que solmente le action rational governate per principios constitue le plen virtute. Como resultato, Kant veniva a considerar le feminas como inadapte al plen equalitate moral e politic, assignante les un rolo principal in le matrimonio, le harmonia social e le refinamento del societate, plus tosto que in un vita moral o civic independente.<ref name=":3" />
==Influentia e hereditage==
[[File:300Jahrfeier.jpg|thumb|Poster celebrante le 300 annos del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], 1844. Inter alteres, Kant e [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]] es honorate.]]
Le influentia de Kant super le pensamento occidental ha essite profunde.{{efn|Oliver A. Johnson asserta que, "con le possibile exception del ''Republica'' de Plato, (''Critica del ration pur'') es le libro philosophic le plus importante jam scripte." Articulo super Kant in le collection ''Great thinkers of the Western World'', Ian P. McGreal, Ed., HarperCollins, 1992.}} Ben que le principios basic del [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant (isto es, que le spatio e le tempore es formas ''a priori'' del perception human plus tosto que proprietates real e le assertion que le logica formal e le logica transcendental coincide) ha essite declarate false per le scientia e le logica moderne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Strawson|first=Peter|title=Bounds of Sense: Essay on Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"|year=1966|url=https://archive.org/details/boundsofsenseess0000stra_u5x0|id={{ASIN|0415040302|country=uk}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Einstein on Kant|url=https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html|access-date=2 September 2020|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html#:~:text=Einstein%20wrote:,withstand%20the%20test%20of%20time.&text=However,%20if%20one%20does%20not,and%20norms%20of%20Kant%27s%20system.|url-status=live|accessdate=25 August 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html}}]()</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perrick|first=Michael|date=1985|title=Kant and Kripke on Necessary Empirical Truths|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mind_1985-10_94_376/page/596|journal=Mind|volume=94|issue=376|pages=596–598|doi=10.1093/mind/XCIV.376.596|jstor=2254731|issn=0026-4423}}</ref> e non determina plus le agenda intellectual del philosophos contemporanee, Kant es creditate con haber innovate le maniera in que le investigation philosophic esseva effectuate al minus usque al initio del dece-none seculo.<!--not very long! early twentieth?--> Iste cambio consisteva de plure innovationes intimemente relationate que, ben que multo controverse in se mesme, deveniva importante in philosophia ulterior e in le scientias social in senso large:
* Le subjecto human vidite como le centro del investigation del cognoscentia human, de sorta que es impossibile philosophar super cosas como illos existe independentemente del perception human o de como illos es "pro nos";<ref>Stephen Palmquist, "The Architectonic Form of Kant's Copernican Logic", ''Metaphilosophy'' 17:4 (October 1986), pp. 266–288; revised and reprinted as Chapter III of [[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) Kant's System of Perspectives] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) |date=14 April 2012 }}: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993).</ref>
* le notion que il es possibile discoperir e explorar systematicamente le limites inherente del capacitate human de cognoscer completemente ''a priori'';
* le notion del "imperative categoric", un assertion que le personas es naturalmente dotate del capacitate e del obligation verso le recte ration e le action. Forsan su citation le plus famose es prendite del ''Critica del ration practic'': "Duo cosas plen mi mente de admiration e reverentia sempre nove e crescente ... : ''le celo stellate supra me e le lege moral intra me''";<ref>Kant, ''CPracR'' 5:161</ref>
* le concepto de "conditiones de possibilitate", como in su notion del "conditiones del experientia possibile"; isto es, que cosas, cognoscentia e formas de conscientia se basa super conditiones precedente que los rende possibile, de sorta que, pro comprender o cognoscer los, plure conditiones debe esser comprendite:
** le assertion que le experientia objective es activemente constituite o construite per le functionamento del mente human;
** le concepto del autonomia moral como central al humanitate; e
** le assertion del principio que le esseres human debe esser tractate como fines e non simplemente como medios.
* le [[Distinction analytic–synthetic|distinction analytic-synthetic]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | chapter=The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction | date=2023 | publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University | chapter-url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan) }}</ref>
Le ideas de Kant ha essite incorporate in un varietate de scholas de pensamento. Illos include [[Idealismo german|idealismo german]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Beiser |first=Frederick C. |author-link=Frederick C. Beiser |title=German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 |url=https://archive.org/details/germanidealismst0000beis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |date=2002 |isbn=978-0674007703 |pages=Part I}}</ref> [[Marxismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=McLellan |first=David |title=Marxism after Marx |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=1998 |isbn=978-0333738399 |pages=22–25}}</ref> [[Positivismo|positivismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kolakowski |first=Leszek |title=Positivist Philosophy: From Hume to the Vienna Circle |url=https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1972 |isbn=0140212248 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak/page/67 67]–69}}</ref> [[Phenomenologia (philosophia)|phenomenologia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Carman |first=Taylor |title=Merleau-Ponty |publisher=Routledge |date=2008 |isbn=978-0415360616 |pages=34–36}}</ref> [[Existentialismo|existentialismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Walter |title=Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301 |publisher=Meridian Books |date=1989 |isbn=978-0452009301 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301/page/n10 9]–12}}</ref> [[Theoria critic|theoria critic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Habermas |first=Jürgen |title=The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe |publisher=MIT Press |date=1987 |isbn=978-0745608303 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe/page/109 109]–113}}</ref> [[Philosophia linguistic|philosophia linguistic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dummett |first=Michael |title=Origins of Analytical Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1996 |isbn=978-0674644731 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm/page/45 45]–47}}</ref> [[Structuralismo|structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Piaget |first=Jean |title=Structuralism |publisher=Routledge |date=2001 |isbn=978-0415262491 |pages=10–12}}</ref> [[Poststructuralismo|post-structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Norris |first=Christopher |title=Deconstruction: Theory and Practice |url=https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr |publisher=Routledge |date=2003 |isbn=978-0415061742 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr/page/40 40]–42}}</ref> e [[Deconstruction|deconstruction]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Culler |first=Jonathan |title=On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0801479182 |pages=53–56}}</ref>
===Influentia historic===
[[File:Kant Kaliningrad.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Statua de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Replica per {{Interlanguage link|Harald Haacke|de}} del original per [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], que esseva perdite in 1945.]]
Durante su proprie vita, multo attention critic esseva dedicate al pensamento de Kant. Il influentiava [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], e [[Novalis]] durante le annos 1780 e 1790. [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] esseva grandemente influentiate per Kant e adjutava a diffunder le cognoscentia de ille, e del Idealismo german in general, in le Regno Unite e le Statos Unite. In su ''[[Biographia Literaria]]'' (1817), ille attribue al ideas de Kant su conviction que le mente non es un agente passive, ma un agente active in le apprehension del realitate. Hegel esseva un del prime grande criticos de Kant. Secundo Hegel, le integre projecto de separar un "subjecto transcendental" (isto es, le conscientia human) tanto del individuo vivente como del natura, historia e societate esseva fundamentalmente defective,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline|year=1827|location=Heidelberg|pages=14–15}}</ref> ben que partes de ille projecto poteva esser utilisate in un nove direction. Concernements similar motivava le criticas de Hegel del concepto de autonomia moral de Kant, al qual Hegel opponeva un ethica centrate super le "vita ethic" del communitate.{{efn|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, ''Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences''. trans. T.M. Knox. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975. Hegel's mature view and his concept of "ethical life" is elaborated in his ''Philosophy of Right''. Hegel, ''Philosophy of Right''. trans. T.M. Knox. Oxford University Press, 1967.}} In un senso, le notion de Hegel del "vita ethic" es intendite a includer, plus tosto que reimplaciar, le [[Ethica kantian|ethica kantian]]. E Hegel pote esser vidite como attemptante defender le idea de libertate de Kant como un superar le "desiderios" finite per medio del ration. Assi, in contrasto con criticos ulterior como Nietzsche o Russell, Hegel comparti alcun del preoccupationes de Kant.{{efn|Robert Pippin's ''Hegel's Idealism'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) emphasizes the continuity of Hegel's concerns with Kant's. Robert Wallace, ''Hegel's Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) explains how Hegel's ''Science of Logic'' defends Kant's idea of freedom as going beyond finite "inclinations", contra skeptics such as David Hume.}}
Le pensamento de Kant super le religion esseva usate in Britannia per philosophos como [[Thomas Carlyle]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cody |first=David |date= |title=Carlyle: Sources and Influence |url=[https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html](https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html) |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=The Victorian Web}}</ref> pro contestar le declino del fide religiose in le dece-none seculo. Autores catholic britanno, notabilemente [[G. K. Chesterton]] e [[Hilaire Belloc]], sequeva iste approccio.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morse |first=David |title=The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism |url=https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333913918 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi/page/198 198]–200}}</ref> Criticas de Kant esseva commun in le vistas realista del nove [[Positivismo|positivismo]] de ille tempore. [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] esseva fortemente influentiate per le [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant. Como [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi]], [[Salomon Maimon]], [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]] e Fichte ante ille, Schopenhauer esseva critic de le theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Le cosas-in-se, illes argumentava, non es ni le causa de lo que nos observa, ni completemente foras de nostre accesso. Desde le ''Critica del ration pur'', philosophos ha essite criticos del theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Multes ha argomentate que, si un tal cosa existe ultra le experientia, alora on non pote postular que illo nos affice causalmente, proque isto implicarea extender le categoria "causalitate" ultra le dominio del experientia.{{efn|For a review of this problem and the relevant literature see ''The Thing in Itself and the Problem of Affection'' in the revised edition of Henry Allison's ''Kant's Transcendental Idealism''.}}
Con le successo e le large influentia del scriptos de Hegel, le proprie influentia de Kant comenciava a declinar, ma un reevaluation de su ideas comenciava in Germania in 1865 con le publication de ''Kant und die Epigonen'' per [[Otto Liebmann]], cu motto esseva "Retro a Kant". Il sequeva un importante renascentia del philosophia theoric de Kant, cognoscite como [[Neo-kantianismo|neo-kantianismo]]. Le notion de Kant del "critica" ha essite plus largemente influente. Le prime romanticos german, specialmente [[Friedrich Schlegel]] in su "Fragmentos de Athenaeum", usava le conception reflexive de Kant del critica in lor theoria romantic del poesia.<ref>Schlegel, Friedrich. "Athenaeum Fragments", in ''Philosophical Fragments''. Trans. Peter Firchow. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991. See especially fragments Nos. 1, 43, 44.</ref> In le [[aesthetica]] tamben, [[Clement Greenberg]], in su essay classic "Modernist Painting", usa le critica kantian, que Greenberg appella "critica immanente", pro justificar le objectivos del [[Arte abstracte|pictura abstracte]], un movimento que Greenberg videva como consciente del limitation clave — le planitate — que constitue le medio del pictura.<ref>Greenberg, Clement. "Modernist Painting", in ''The Philosophy of Art'', ed. Alex Neill and Aaron Ridley, McGraw-Hill, 1995.</ref> Le philosopho francese [[Michel Foucault]] esseva etiam grandemente influentiate per le notion de Kant de "critica" e scribeva plure textos super Kant pro reexaminar le Illuminismo como un forma de "pensamento critic". Il iva usque a classificar su proprie philosophia como un "historia critic del modernitate, radicate in Kant".<ref>See "Essential Works of Foucault: 1954–1984 vol. 2: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology". Ed. by James Faubion, Trans. Robert Hurley et al. New York City: The New Press, 1998 (2010 reprint). See "Foucault, Michel, 1926 –" entry by Maurice Florence.</ref>
Kant credeva que le veritates mathematic es formas de cognoscentia [[Synthetic a priori|synthetic ''a priori'']], lo que significa que illos es necessari e universal, ma cognoscite per le intuition ''a priori'' del spatio e del tempore, como preconditiones transcendental del experientia.<ref>For a discussion and qualified defense of this position, see Stephen Palmquist, "A Priori Knowledge in Perspective: (I) Mathematics, Method and Pure Intuition", ''The Review of Metaphysics'' 41:1 (September 1987), pp. 3–22.</ref> Le commentarios frequentemente breve de Kant super le [[Mathematica|mathematica]] influentiava le schola mathematic cognoscite como [[Intuitionismo|intuitionismo]], un movimento in le [[philosophia del mathematica]] opponite al [[Formalismo (mathematica)|formalismo]] de [[David Hilbert]] e al [[Logicismo|logicismo]] de [[Gottlob Frege]] e [[Bertrand Russell]].{{efn|[[Stephan Körner|Körner, Stephan]], ''The Philosophy of Mathematics'', Dover, 1986. For an analysis of Kant's writings on mathematics see, Friedman, Michael, ''Kant and the Exact Sciences'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992.}}
===Influentia super pensatores moderne===
[[File:DBP - 250 Jahre Immanuel Kant - 90 Pfennig - 1974.jpg|thumb|upright|Marca postalde [[Germania Occidental]], 1974, commemorante le 250me anniversario del nascentia de Kant]]
Con su ''Pace perpetue'', Kant es considerate como habente prefigurate multe del ideas que veniva a formar le [[theoria del pace democratic]], un del principal controversias in le [[scientia politic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ray|first=James Lee|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|title=Does Democracy Cause Peace?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|archive-date=17 February 2008|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|year=1998|volume=1|pages=27–46|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm |date=17 February 2008 }}</ref> Plus concretemente, le theorista constructivista [[Alexander Wendt]] proponeva que le anarchia del systema international pote evolver ab le anarchia hobbesian "brutal" comprendite per le theoristas realista, trans [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], per le anarchia lockean, e finalmente verso un anarchia kantian in le qual le estados vidererea lor interesses proprie como inseparabilemente ligate al benesser de altere estados, transformante assi le politica international in un forma multo plus pacific.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wendt |first=Alexander |title=Social Theory of International Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/socialtheoryofin0000wend_z8x6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |pages=chapter 6}}</ref>
Inter le kantians prominente recente se trova le philosophos britanno [[P. F. Strawson]],{{efn|Strawson, P.F., ''The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason''. Routledge: 2004. When first published in 1966, this book forced many Anglo-American philosophers to reconsider Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''.}} [[Onora O'Neill]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|title=Onora O'Neill Wins Holberg Prize for Academic Research|last=Aridi|first=Sara|date=14 March 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 January 2019|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109111404/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|url-status=live}}</ref> e [[Quassim Cassam]],<ref>Cassam, Q. ''The Possibility of Knowledge'' Oxford: 2009</ref> e le philosophos american [[Wilfrid Sellars]],<ref>Sellars, Wilfrid, ''Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes''. Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1967</ref> [[Lewis White Beck]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&q=lEWIS+wHITE+bECK#v=snippet&q=lEWIS%20wHITE%20bECK&f=false ''Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers''. Shook, John R. Ed. Thoemmes Continuum, Bristol], 2005 p. 166 {{ISBN|9781843710370}} Lewis White Beck on Google Books</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236806211_Lewis_White_Beck_on_Reasons_and_Causes "Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. ''Journal on the History of Ideas'' July, 2002 63 (3) pp. 539–548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net]</ref> e [[Christine Korsgaard]].{{efn|Korsgaard, Christine. ''Creating the Kingdom of Ends''. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.{{ISBN|978-0521496445}} ''Not a commentary, but a defense of a broadly Kantian approach to ethics''.}} A causa del influentia de Strawson e Sellars, inter alteres, il ha habite un renovate interesse in le conception de Kant del mente. Central a multe debattos in le [[philosophia del psychologia]] e le [[scientia cognitiv]] es le conception de Kant del unitate del conscientia.
[[Jürgen Habermas]] e [[John Rawls]] es duo importante philosophos politic e moral cuje obra es fortemente influentiate per le philosophia moral de Kant.{{efn|See Habermas, J. ''Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action''. Trans. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1996. For Rawls see, Rawls, John. ''Theory of Justice'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971. Rawls has a well-known essay on Kant's concept of good. See, Rawls, "Themes in Kant's Moral Philosophy" in ''Kant's Transcendental Deductions''. Ed. Eckart Förster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.}} Illes ha argomentate contra le [[relativismo]],<ref>Habermas, J. (1994): The Unity of Reason in the Diversity of Its Voices. In: Habermas, J. (Ed.): ''Postmetaphysical Thinking. Political Essays'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: 115–148.</ref> supportante le opinion kantian que le universalitate es essential a omne philosophia moral viabile. Le studio de [[Mou Zongsan]] super Kant ha essite citate como un parte multo crucial in le disveloppamento del philosophia personal de Mou, specialmente le [[Neo-confucianismo|Neo-confucianismo]]. Largemente considerate le studioso de Kant le plus influente in China, le critique rigorose de Mou del philosophia de Kant — habente traducite le tres [[Critica del ration pur|criticas]] de Kant — serviva como un attempto ardente de reconciliar le philosophia chinese e occidental durante que illo accresceva le pression pro [[Westernization|occidentalisation]] in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Palmquist |first1=Stephen |title=Cultivating Personhood: Kant and Asian Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm |url-access=limited |year= 2010 |publisher=De Gruyter, Inc. |location=Hong Kong |isbn=978-3110226249|page=[https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm/page/n43 25] |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wing-Cheuk |first1=Chan |title=Mou Zongsan's Transformation of Kant's Philosophy |journal=Journal of Chinese Philosophy |date=21 February 2006 |volume=33 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6253.2006.00340.x }}</ref>
[[File:Kant-Münze DDR.jpg|thumb|upright|Moneta commemorative del [[Germania Oriental|Germania Oriental]] in honor de Kant, 1974]]
A causa del profunditate del cambio de paradigma de Kant, su influentia se extende multo ultra isto a pensatores qui ni refere specificamente a su obra ni usa su terminologia. Le influentia de Kant se extendeva al scientias social, comportamental e physic — como in le sociologia de [[Max Weber]], le psychologia de [[Jean Piaget]] e [[Carl Jung]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Whether jung was a kantian? |journal=Con-Textos Kantianos |year=2016 |issue=4 |pages=118–126 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.2550828 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719 |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055819/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719_Whether_jung_was_a_kantian |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Kant and Jung on the prospects of Scientific Psychology |journal=Estudos Kantianos |year=2017 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=357–390 |doi=10.36311/2318-0501.2017.v5n1.26.p375 |url=https://philpapers.org/archive/BALIKA.pdf |doi-access=free |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref> Le obra de Kant super mathematica e cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' es etiam citate per le physico theoric [[Albert Einstein]] como un influentia precoce super su disveloppamento intellectual, ben que illo esseva un influentia que ille plus tarde criticava e rejectava.<ref>Isaacson, Walter. "Einstein: His Life and Universe". p. 20.</ref> In le annos 2020, il ha essite un interesse renovate in le theoria de Kant super le mente ab le puncto de vista del [[logica formal]] e del [[informatica]].<ref>Theodora Achourioti & Michiel van Lambalgen, 'A Formalization of Kant's Transcendental Logic', ''The Review of Symbolic Logic'', 4 (2011), 254–289.</ref>
===Lista de obras major===
Abbreviationes usate in le corpore del articulo es in '''grasse''' inter consolas. Salvo indication contraire, le pagination es celle del edition critic ''Akademie'', que pote esser trovate in le margines del traductiones de Cambridge.
* 1749: ''[[Pensamentos super le estimation ver de fortias vivente]]'' (''Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte'')
* 1755: ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]'' ['''UNH'''] ({{lang|de|Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels}})
* 1755: ''Breve esquisse de certe meditationes super le foco'' (''Meditationum quarundam de igne succinta delineatio'' ([[thesis de magistro]] sub [[Johann Gottfried Teske]])<ref>The thesis was submitted on 17 April 1755. "The public examination was held four weeks later on 13 May, and the degree was formally awarded on 12 June" (Eric Watkins, ''Kant: Natural Science'', Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 309).</ref><ref>Eric Watkins (ed.), ''Kant and the Sciences'', Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 27.</ref><ref>Martin Schonfeld, ''The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 74.</ref><ref>Available [[https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) online at Bonner Kant-Korpus] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) |date=6 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1755: ''Un nove elucidation del principios prime de cognition metaphysic'' (''Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio'' ([[thesis doctoral]]))<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 27 September 1755 (Kuehn 2001, p. 100).</ref>
* 1756: ''Le uso in philosophia natural de metaphysica combinate con geometria, parte I: Monadologia physic'' ['''PM'''] (''Metaphysicae cum geometrica iunctae usus in philosophia naturali, cuius specimen I. continet monadologiam physicam'', abbreviate como ''Monadologia Physica'' ([[thesis de habilitation]] como requisito pro un position de [[professor extraordinari]]))<ref>Kant's application for the position was unsuccessful. He defended it on 10 April 1756 (Kuehn 2001, p. 102).</ref>
* 1762: ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'' (''Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren'')
* 1763: ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]'' (''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'')
* 1763: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' ['''NQ'''] (''Versuch den Begriff der negativen Größen in die Weltweisheit einzuführen'')
* 1764: ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' ['''OFBS'''] (''Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen'')
* 1764: ''Essay super le morbo del capite'' (''Über die Krankheit des Kopfes'')
* 1764: ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (le ''Essay premiate'') ['''PNTM'''] (''Untersuchungen über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral'')
* 1766: ''[[Somnios de un visionario de spiritos]]'' ['''DSS'''] (''Träume eines Geistersehers'')<ref>Available [[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant](https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant) online at Archive.org].</ref>
* 1768: ''Super le fundamento ultime del differentiation del regiones in spatio'' [1768] (''Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume'')<ref>Immanuel Kant, [[https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) "Concerning the ultimate ground of the differentiation of directions in space"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) |date=16 July 2018 }}.</ref>
* 1770: ''Dissertation super le forma e principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile'' ['''ID'''] (''De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis'' [thesis doctoral])<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 21 August 1770 (Kuehn 2001, p. 189).</ref><ref>Available [[https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) online at Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) |date=3 August 2020 }}.</ref><ref>English translation available [[:s:Kant's Inaugural Dissertation of 1770|online at Wikisource]].</ref>
* 1775: ''Super le differente racias del homines'' (''Über die verschiedenen Rassen der Menschen'')
* 1781: Prime edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR A''']<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The](http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The) Critique of Pure Reason|publisher=Etext.library.adelaide.edu.au|access-date=24 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2](https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2) December 2008}}</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 1. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1783: ''[[Prolegomenos a omne metaphysica futur]]'' ['''PFM'''] (''Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik'')
* 1784: "[[Un responsa al question: Quid es le Illumination?]]" ['''WE?'''] ("''Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?''")<ref>{{cite web|author=Frank-Christian Lilienweihs|url=[http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklaerung?|publisher=Prometheusonline.de|date=10 June 1999|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 August 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1784: "[[Idea pro un historia universal con un fin cosmopolita]]" ['''UH'''] ("''Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht''")
* 1785: "Determination del concepto de un racia human" ['''DCHR'''] (''Bestimmung des Begriffs einer Menschenrace'')
* 1785: ''[[Fundamento del metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''G'''] (''Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten'')
* 1786: ''[[Fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural]]'' ['''MFNS'''] (''Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft'')
* 1786: "Que significa orientar se in le pensar?" ['''OT'''] ("''Was heißt: sich im Denken orientieren?''")
* 1786: ''[[Incipiente conjectural del historia human]]'' ['''CB'''] (''Mutmaßlicher Anfang der Menschengeschichte'')
* 1787: Secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR B''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique) of Pure Reason|publisher=Hkbu.edu.hk|date=31 October 2003|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=27 April 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 2. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|date=20 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=26 December 2005|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1788: ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' ['''CPracR'''] (''Kritik der praktischen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1790: ''[[Critica del judicio]]'' ['''CPJ'''] (''Kritik der Urteilskraft'')
* 1793: ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur]]'' ['''RBMR'''] (''Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft'')<ref name="KReligion"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion](http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion) within the Limits of Reason Alone by Immanuel Kant 1793|publisher=Marxists.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 June 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1793: ''Super le ancian proverbio: Que pote esser correcte in theoria, ma non functiona in le practica'' ['''TP'''] (''Über den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht für die Praxis'')
* 1795: ''[[Pace perpetue: un esquisse philosophic]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant, "Perpetual Peace"|publisher=Mountr Holyoke |access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}})</ref> ['''PP'''] ("''Zum ewigen Frieden''")<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel](http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel) Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden, 12.02.2004 (Friedensratschlag)|publisher=Uni-kassel.de|date=24 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=23 September 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1797: ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''MM'''] (''Metaphysik der Sitten''). Le prime parte es Le Doctrina del Jure, que ha sovente essite publicate separatemente como Le Scientia del Jure.
* 1798: ''[[Anthropologia desde un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' ['''APPV'''] (''Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht'')
* 1798: ''Conflictto del facultates'' ['''CF''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant](http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant), The Contest of Faculties|year=1798|publisher=Chnm.gmu.edu|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Der Streit der Fakultäten'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Der Streit der Facultäten – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1800: ''[[Logica]]'' (''Logik'')
* 1803: ''Super pedagogia'' (''Über Pädagogik'')<ref>Available [[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) online at DeutschesTextArchiv.de] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) |date=10 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1804: ''Opus Postumum'' ['''OP''']
* 1817: ''Lectiones super theologia philosophic'' (''Immanuel Kants Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre'', editate per K. H. L. Pölitz) [Le edition anglese de A. W. Wood & G. M. Clark (Cornell, 1978) es basate super le secunde edition de Pölitz, 1830, de iste lectiones.]{{efn|As noted by [[Allen W. Wood]] in his Introduction, p. 12. Wood further speculates that the lectures themselves were delivered in the Winter of 1783–84.}}
== Notas ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{Ref}}
== Bibliographia ==
=== Introduction ===
* [[Gottfried Gabriel]]: ''Kant. Eine kurze Einführung in das Gesamtwerk.'' UTB, Paderborn 2022, ISBN 978-3-8252-5793-4.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biographie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-498-02491-4.
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Immanuel Kant.'' UTB-Profile/A. Francke, Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7720-8393-8.
* Jean Grondin: ''Kant zur Einführung.'' 3. Auflage. Junius, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-88506-363-8.
* [[Otfried Höffe]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' 7. Auflage. Beck, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-45977-1.
* [[Heiner F. Klemme]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Campus, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-593-37185-5.
* Heiner F. Klemme, Ansgar Lorenz: ''Immanuel Kant. Philosophie für Einsteiger.'' Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7705-6044-8.
* [[Georg Römpp]]: ''Kant leicht gemacht.'' 2. Auflage. UTB/Böhlau, Köln/Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-8252-2707-4.
* Arno Schubbach: ''Immanuel Kant zur Einführung.'' Junius, Hamburg 2022, ISBN 978-3-96060-331-3.
=== Biographias ===
* [[Steffen Dietzsch]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Reclam, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-379-00806-0.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biografie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2005, ISBN 3-499-61365-4.
* Arsenij Gulyga: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-518-45568-0.
* {{BBKL | url=https://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629032840/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml |archivedate=2007-06-29 |autor=Karl Knauß|band=3|spalten=1020-1095}}
* Manfred Kühn: ''Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Beck, München 2004, ISBN 3-406-50918-5.
* [[Wolfgang Ritzel]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-11-010634-5.
* [[Uwe Schultz]]: ''Immanuel Kant in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.'' Erweiterte Neuauflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-499-50659-9.
* [[Karl Vorländer]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/vorlaender-kant.html Immanuel Kant. Der Mann und das Werk].'' Meiner, Leipzig 1924. (3., erweiterte Auflage, Meiner, Hamburg 1992; Reprint: Fourier, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-932412-18-4)
=== Generalitates ===
* [[Josef Bohatec]]: ''Die Religionsphilosophie Kants in der Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer theologisch-dogmatischen Quellen.'' Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1938. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1966)
* [[Ernst Cassirer]]: ''[http://www.archive.org/details/kantslebenundleh00cassuoft Kants Leben und Lehre].'' Berlin 1921. (Band 8 der ''Gesammelten Werke.'') Meiner, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7873-1408-3.
* [[Wolfgang Carl]]: ''Die transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-465-02532-6.
* [[Wolfgang Deppert]]: ''ZEIT – Die Begründung des Zeitbegriffs, seine notwendige Spaltung und der ganzheitliche Charakter seiner Teile.'' nz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-515-05219-4, S. 35–79
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Individualistische Wirtschaftsethik.'' Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-03585-3.
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Theorie der Wissenschaft.'' 4 Bände, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, ISBN 978-3658151232.
* [[Farah Dustdar]]: ''Vom Mikropluralismus zu einem makropluralistischen Politikmodell. Kants wertgebundener Liberalismus'' (= ''[[Beiträge zur politischen Wissenschaft]].'' Band 115). Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-09997-4.
* [[Julius Ebbinghaus]]: ''Gesammelte Aufsätze, Vorträge und Reden.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1968 (enthält die wichtigsten Aufsätze Ebbinghaus’ zu Kants theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie).
* [[Norbert Fischer (Philosoph)|Norbert Fischer]] (Hrsg.): ''Kant und der Katholizismus – Stationen einer wechselhaften Geschichte.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-28507-3.
* Norbert Fischer, [[Maximilian Forschner]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Gottesfrage in der Philosophie Immanuel Kants.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-30135-3.
* [[Volker Gerhardt]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Vernunft und Leben.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-018235-2.
* {{Literatur |Autor=Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Weber, Maja Schepelmann |Titel=Immanuel Kant 1724-2024: ein europäischer Denker|Verlag=De Gruyter Oldenbourg |Datum=2022 |Reihe=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa, 83 |ISBN=978-3-11-076281-5}}
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Wie ist Freiheit möglich? Eine Untersuchung über das Lösungspotenzial zum Determinismusproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Francke, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-7720-8360-0.
* Ina Goy: ''Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar, eine Lesart, eine historische Einordnung'' (= Kant-Studien, Ergänzunghefte, Bd. 190). de Gruyter, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-047110-6.
* Inan Goy (Hrsg.): ''Kant on proofs for God's existence.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-068890-0.
* Dietmar Heidemann, Kristina Engelhard (Hrsg.): ''Warum Kant heute? Systematische Bedeutung und Rezeption seiner Philosophie in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-11-017477-4.
* [[Otfried Höffe]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft.'' Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003576-5.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Königliche Völker. Zu Kants kosmopolitischer Rechts- und Friedenstheorie.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-518-29119-X.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Die Grundlegung der modernen Philosophie.'' Beck, München 2003, ISBN 3-406-50919-3.
* Dieter Hüning, Burkhard Tuschling (Hrsg.): ''Recht, Staat und Völkerrecht bei Immanuel Kant. Marburger Tagung zu Kants „Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Rechtslehre“.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-428-09602-9.
* [[Karl Jaspers]]: ''Kant. Leben, Werke, Wirkung.'' Piper, München 1975, ISBN 3-492-00424-5.
* [[Wolfgang Kersting]]: ''Wohlgeordnete Freiheit. Immanuel Kants Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie.'' 3., erweiterte und bearbeitete Auflage. Mentis-Verlag, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-89785-587-8.
* Nikolai F. Klimmek: ''Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen'' (= ''Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte.'' Band 147). De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-11-018349-8.
* [[Rudolf Langthaler]] und Magnus Striet: ''Vernunftreligion statt Kirchenglaube? Kants unerledigte Anfragen an die Theologie''. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2024, ISBN 978-3-451-02413-9.
* Darius Koriako: ''Kants Philosophie der Mathematik. Grundlagen – Voraussetzungen – Probleme.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7873-1429-6.
* Günter Lottes, Uwe Steiner (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant. German Professor and World-Philosopher. Deutscher Professor und Weltphilosoph.'' Wehrhahn, Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-86525-214-2.
* [[Werner Moskopp]]: ''Struktur und Dynamik in Kants Kritiken. Kantstudien Ergänzungshefte.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-021232-7.
* Roland Mugerauer: ''Immanuel Kants transzendentaler Kritizismus und die Frage nach Gott: eine orientierende Skizze.'' Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, Baden-Baden 2021, ISBN 978-3-8288-4711-8.
* Robert Nehring: ''Kritik des Common Sense: Gesunder Menschenverstand, reflektierende Urteilskraft und Gemeinsinn – der Sensus communis bei Kant.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-13161-7.
* [[Günther Patzig]]: ''Wie sind synthetische Urteile a priori möglich?'' In: Josef Speck (Hrsg.): ''Grundprobleme der großen Philosophen. Philosophie der Neuzeit II.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-03306-0.
* Jannis Pissis: ''Kants transzendentale Dialektik.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-028156-9.
* [[Hermann Schmitz (Philosoph)|Hermann Schmitz]]: ''Was wollte Kant?'' Bouvier, Bonn 1989, ISBN 3-416-02178-9.
* Jürgen Stolzenberg (Hrsg.): ''Kant in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017529-5.
* [[Dieter Sturma]], Karl Ameriks (Hrsg.): ''Kants Ethik.'' Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-89785-308-6.
* [[Werner Thiede]] (Hrsg.): ''Glauben aus eigener Vernunft? Kants Religionsphilosophie und die Theologie.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-56703-0.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]]: Kant: Die Revolution des Denkens. C. H. Beck, München 2023, ISBN 3-406-80743-7
=== Critica ===
* [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]]: ''Kritik der theoretischen Philosophie,'' Band [https://books.google.de/books?id=sAUHAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 1] und [https://books.google.de/books?id=Is8AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 2], Hamburg 1801 (als Kommentar zur ''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'' angelegt; Kritik vom Standpunkt des britischen Empirismus).
* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]: ''[http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schopenhauer,+Arthur/Die+Welt+als+Wille+und+Vorstellung/Erster+Band/Anhang.+Kritik+der+Kantischen+Philosophie Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie].'' In: ''[[Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]].'' (Erster Band. Anhang)
* [[Broder Christiansen]]: ''Kantkritik. 1. Teil. Kritik der kantischen Erkenntnislehre.'' Clauss und Feddersen, Hanau 1911.
* Bernward Gesang (Hrsg.): ''Kants vergessener Rezensent. Die Kritik der theoretischen und praktischen Philosophie Kants in fünf frühen Rezensionen von [[Hermann Andreas Pistorius]].'' In: ''Kant-Forschungen.'' Bd. 18, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7873-1823-0, S. XI ([http://books.google.de/books?id=ZvhA6H7a2j8C&pg=PR11 Digitalisat]).
* [[Otto Willmann]]: ''Geschichte des Idealismus, Band 3: Der Idealismus der Neuzeit.'' Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-03710-7 (Darin insbesondere: Kapitel XV: ''Die Subjektivierung des Idealen durch Kants Autonomismus'').
* [[Engelbert Recktenwald]]: ''Gott, Freiheit und moralisches Gesetz. Kritische Untersuchungen zur Ethik Kants''. Verlag Karl Alber, Baden-Baden 2025, ISBN 978-3-495-98957-9.
=== Opus postumum ===
* [[Erich Adickes]]: ''Kants Opus postumum dargestellt und beurteilt.'' Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1920 (Kant-Studien. Ergänzungshefte; Nr. 50).
* [[Kurt Hübner (Philosoph)|Kurt Hübner]]: ''Leib und Erfahrung in Kants Opus postumum.'' In: Gerold Prauss (Hrsg.): ''Kant: Zur Deutung seiner Theorie von Erkennen und Handeln.'' Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 1973, ISBN 3-462-00962-1, S. 192–204.
* Dina Emundts: ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im „Opus postumum“. Zur Rolle des Nachlasswerkes für die Grundlegung der empirischen Physik'' (= ''Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie.'' Band 62). De Gruyter, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-11-018052-9.
=== Instrumentos auxiliare ===
* [[Rudolf Eisler (Philosoph)|Rudolf Eisler]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/kant-lexikon.html Kant-Lexikon. Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlaß].'' Berlin 1930. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1984, ISBN 3-487-00744-4)
* [[Heinz Heimsoeth]]: ''Astronomisches und Theologisches in Kants Weltverständnis'' (= ''Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz.'' Jahrgang 1963, Nr. 9).
* [[Gerd Irrlitz]]: ''Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01234-4.
* ''Kant im Kontext.'' III: ''Werke, Briefwechsel, Nachlass und Vorlesungen auf CD-ROM.'' Komplettausgabe 2007 von Immanuel Kant. InfoSoftWare, ISBN 978-3-932094-29-3. (2., erw. Auflage. 2009)
* [[Rudolf Malter]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant in Rede und Gespräch.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7873-1382-6.
* [[Carl Christian Erhard Schmid]]: ''Wörterbuch zum leichtern Gebrauch der Kantischen Schriften.'' 4. Auflage Jena 1798 [http://books.google.de/books?id=3_YGAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Carl+Christian+Erhard+Schmid%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6v4sUdiSOYTk4QTy8oA4&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false (Google)]
* ''Immanuel Kant: Die drei Kritiken in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Gesamtwerk.'' Mit einem verbindenden Text zusammengefasst von Raymund Schmidt. Leipzig 1933.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]], Jürgen Stolzenberg, [[Georg Mohr (Philosoph)|Georg Mohr]], Stefano Bacin (Hrsg.): ''Kant-Lexikon.'' 3 Bände. De Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-017259-1.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Immanuel}}
[[Categoria:Philosophos]]
[[Categoria:Gente german]]
[[Categoria:Philosophos politic]]
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'''Immanuel Kant'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|k|æ|n|t}},<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223061940/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant |date=23 February 2026 }}. ''[[Collins English Dictionary|Dictionario anglese de Collins]]''.</ref><ref>[[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023143832/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant |date=23 October 2014 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Dictionario non-abbreviate de anglese de Random House Webster]]''.</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|n|t}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant|lang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|title=Immanuel|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055817/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|title=Kant|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182053/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|url-status=live}}</ref>}} (nasceva como '''Emanuel Kant'''; 22 april 1724 – 12 februario 1804) esseva un [[philosopho]] german. Nascite in [[Königsberg]] in le [[Regno de Prussia]], ille es considerate un del pensatores central del [[Illuminismo]]. Su obras comprehensive e systematic in [[epistemologia]], [[metaphysica]], [[logica]], [[ethica]], [[esthetica]], [[theoria politic]], e le [[philosophia del religion]] ha facite de ille un del figuras le plus influente e le plus discutite del [[philosophia occidental]] moderne.
Le philosophia de Kant es centrate super le subjecto human e motivate per le desiro de assecurar le possibilitate tanto del cognoscentia como del moralitate contra le menacias del [[scepticismo]] e del [[determinismo]]. In le ''[[Critica del ration pur|Critica del Ration Pur]]'' (1781/1787), Kant argumenta in favor de [[idealismo transcendental]], le doctrina que [[spatio]] e [[tempore]] es solmente "formas de [[Anschauung|intuition]]" ({{Langx|de|[[Anschauung]]|links=no}}) que structura tote le [[experientia]] e que nos ha cognoscentia solmente del "apparentias" e non del natura de [[Cosa in se|cosas in se mesme]]. Kant faceva un parallel con le [[Revolution copernican|Revolution copernican]] in su proposition de considerar le objectos del experientia como conforme al formas spatial e temporal de [[Anschauung|intuition]] del personas e al [[Categoria (Kant)|categorias]] del intellecto, in loco del methodo traditional de monstrar como le mente poterea conformar se a su objectos.
Kant credeva que le [[ration]] es le fonte del [[moralitate]] e que le [[imperativo categoric]] obliga tote agentes rational. Il credeva que le esthetica nasce de un facultate de judicio disinteressate. Kant sperava que le [[pace]] perpetue poterea esser assecurate per medio de un [[federation]] international de statos [[republicanismo|republican]] e per le [[multilateralismo|cooperation international]]. Kant credeva que le religion ver es fundate super le moralitate. Le natura exacte de su conceptiones religiose es un question disputate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasternack |first=Lawrence |date=March 2020 |title=On the Alleged Augustinianism in Kant’s Religion |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/kantian-review/article/abs/on-the-alleged-augustinianism-in-kants-religion/FE116D6118D49612EF6F3C4181EF2A74] |journal=Kantian Review |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1017/S1369415419000487 |issn=1369-4154}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palmquist |first=Stephen |last2=The Society of Christian Philosophers |date=1989 |title=Immanuel Kant: A Christian Philosopher? |url=https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol6/iss1/5|journal=Faith and Philosophy |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.5840/faithphil1989619 |issn=0739-7046}}</ref>
==Prime annos de vita==
Immanuel Kant nasceva le 22 april 1724 in un familia german prussian de fide [[Lutheranismo|lutheran]] in [[Königsberg]] in [[Prussia Oriental]] (hodie [[Oblast de Kaliningrad]], Russia). Su matre, Anna Regina Reuter, nasceva in Königsberg de un patre originari de [[Nuremberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |title=Cosmopolis |website=Koenigsberg-is-dead.de |date=23 April 2001 |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-date=22 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322094741/http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Su supernomine es a vices erroneemente date como Porter. Le patre de Kant, Johann Georg Kant, esseva un fabricante german de harneses originari de [[Klaipėda|Memel]],{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} al tempore le citate le plus nord-oriental de Prussia (hodie Klaipėda, Lituania). Kant credeva que su familia esseva de origine scotic, ben que isto non ha essite verificate per recerca genealogic.<ref>R. K. Murray, "The Origin of Immanuel Kant's Family Name", ''Kantian Review'' '''13'''(1), March 2008, pp. 190–193.</ref>
Kant esseva baptisate como Emanuel, cambiante le orthographia de su nomine a Immanuel post haber apprendite le [[lingua hebraic|hebraico]].{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} Il esseva le quarto de novem filios (sex del qual attingeva le etate adulte).<ref>{{cite web |last=Haupt |first=Viktor |title=Rede des Bohnenkönigs – Von Petersburg bis Panama – Die Genealogie der Familie Kant |url=https://www.freunde-kants.com/kopie-von-kant-war-ostpreusse-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015 |website=freunde-kants.com |page=7 |language=de |accessdate=25 August 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf }}</ref> Le familia Kant accentuava le valores [[Pietismo|pietistic]] de devotion religiose, humilitate, e un interpretation literal del [[Biblia]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Pasternack |first1=Lawrence |title=Kant's Philosophy of Religion |date=2020 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant-religion/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Spring 2020 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=25 February 2021 |last2=Fugate |first2=Courtney}}</ref> Le education initial de Immanuel Kant esseva stricte, punitive e multo disciplinate, con emphase super le [[latino]] e le [[instruction religiose]] plus tosto que super mathematica e scientia.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=47}}
In su annos posterior, Kant viveva un vita strictemente ordinate. On diceva que le vicinos poteva regular lor horologios sur su promenadas quotidian.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=14}} Kant considerava le matrimonio duo vices, primo con un vidua e pois con un femina de [[Westphalia]], ma in ambes occasiones ille expectava troppo longe.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=177}} Ben que ille nunquam se maritava, ille habeva totevia un vita social satisfaciente; ille esseva un docente popular e un autor modestemente prospere, mesmo ante de comenciar su obras philosophic major.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=169}}
===Studente juvene===
Kant demonstrava un aptitude precoce pro le studio. Il frequentava primo le [[Collegium Fridericianum]] (alora dirigite per [[Franz Albert Schultz]]), del qual il se diplomava al fin del estate de 1740. In 1740, a etate de 16 annos, il se inscribeva al [[Universitate de Königsberg]], ubi il remanerea plus tarde pro le resto de su vita professional.<ref>''Le American International Encyclopedia'' (New York: J.J. Little & Ives, 1954), Vol. IX.</ref> Il studiava le philosophia de [[Gottfried Leibniz]] e [[Christian Wolff (philosopho)|Christian Wolff]] sub [[Martin Knutzen]] (professor associate de Logica e Metaphysica ab 1734 usque a su morte in 1751), un [[rationalismo|rationalista]] qui esseva etiam familiar con le progressos in le philosophia e le scientia britannic e introduceva Kant al nove physica mathematic de [[Isaac Newton]]. Knutzen dissuadeva Kant del theoria del [[harmonia pre-stabilite]], quam ille considerava como "le cossino del mente pigre".<ref>{{cite book|title=Que le Testudo nos inseniava: Le historia del philosophia|url=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port|url-access=limited|last=Porter|first=Burton|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2010|page=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port/page/n145 133]}}</ref> Il dissuadeva etiam Kant del [[idealismo]], le idea que le realitate es purmente mental, un conception que le majoritate del philosophos del XVIIIe seculo considerava negativemente. Le theoria del [[idealismo transcendental]] que Kant includerea plus tarde in le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' esseva sviluppate partialmente in opposition al idealismo traditional. Kant habeva contactos con studentes, collegas, amicos e commensales qui frequentava le [[loge masonic]] local.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|title=Le francmasones in le Antique Prussia 1738–1806|language=de|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201119104900/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|archive-date=19 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Su principal [[editor]], [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]], esseva etiam un francmason.<ref name="buch-VlOi7fetEkAC-1044">Erich Donnert, ''Europa in le prime epocha moderne: Fontes incognite. Essays super le evolution, le precursores, le limites e le continuation del epocha moderne in e circa Europa. Indices del contento del volumines 1–6. Indice de personas del volumines 1–7.'' Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar 1997, ISBN 978-3-412-10702-4, p. 1044. [[https://books.google.de/books?id=VlOi7fetEkAC&pg=PA1044#v=onepage Google Books]</ref>
Le accidente vascular cerebral de su patre e su morte subsequente in 1746 interrumpeva su studios. Kant quitava Königsberg poco post augusto 1748;{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=94}} il retornava ibi in augusto 1754.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=98}} Il deveniva un tutor private in le citates circum Königsberg, ma continuava su recerca erudite. In 1749, il publicava su prime obra philosophic, ''[[Pensamentos super le ver estimation del vires vivente]]'' (scribite in 1745–1747).<ref>[[Eric Watkins (philosopho)|Eric Watkins]] (ed.), ''Immanuel Kant: Scientia natural'', Cambridge University Press, 2012: [http://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/63945/excerpt/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf "Pensamentos super le ver estimation..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307213516/http://assets.cambridge.org/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf |date=7 martio 2016 }}.</ref>
Durante le occupation russe de Königsberg durante le [[Guerra de Septem Annos]] (1758–1762), le situation financiari de Kant se meliorava, proque ille obteneva un numero de assignationes ben pagate como tutor ab officiales militar e administratores civil russe stationate in le citate. In decembre 1758, post le morte de Johann David Kypke, Kant faceva un petition al imperatrice [[Elisabeth de Russia|Elisabeth]] pro esser nominate al cathedra vacante de logica e metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg, ma le position esseva attribuite a un altere candidato.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuehn |first=Manfred |title=Kant: Un biographia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |pages=118–122}}</ref>
== Obra precoce ==
Kant es meliormente cognoscite pro su obras in le philosophia del etica e metaphysica, ma ille etiam contribueva significantemente a altere disciplinas. In 1754, durante que ille considerava un question pro un premio del [[Academia de Scientias de Prussia|Academia de Berlin]] concernente le problema del rotation del Terra, ille argumentava que le gravitation del Luna ralentisarea le rotation terrestre. Ille etiam proponeva le argumento que le gravitation eventualmente causarea que le [[blocage tidal|blocation tidal]] del [[Luna]] [[resonantia orbital|coincider]] con le rotation del Terra.{{efn|Kant ipse pare haber considerate su contribution non assatis importante pro publicar su argumentos in un commentario de jornal super le question del premio, e ille non los submitteva al Academia: {{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54018/page/n113/mode/2up|chapter=Si le Terra ha subite un alteration de su rotation axial|title=Le cosmogonia de Kant|translator-last=Hastie|translator-first=William|location=Glasgow|publisher=James Maclehose|orig-date=1754|year=1900|pages=1–11|access-date=29 martio 2022}}. Le premio esseva in vice attribuite in 1756 a P. Frisi, qui incorrectemente argumentava contra le ralentissement del rotation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schönfeld |first=Martin |title=Le philosophia del juvene Kant: Le projecto precritic|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=84 |isbn=978-0195132182 |year=2000 }}</ref>}}<ref name="nebulous">{{cite book|last=Brush|first=Stephen G.|title=Un historia del physica planetari moderne: Terra nebulose|year=2014|isbn=978-0521441711|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7 7]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7}}</ref> Le anno sequente, ille extendeva iste ratiocinio al [[formation e evolution del Systema Solar]] in su ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]''.<ref name="nebulous"/> In 1755, Kant recipeva un licentia pro docer al Universitate de Königsberg e comenciava a dar cursos super un varietate de themas, includente mathematica, physica, logica e metaphysica. In su essayo de 1756 super le theoria del ventos ("Nove remarcas pro un elucidation del theoria del ventos"), Kant presentava un perception qualitative de lo que es ora appellate [[fortia de Coriolis]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |author-link=Immanuel Kant |editor-last=Watkins |editor-first=Eric |title=Kant: Scientia natural|chapter=Nove notas pro explicar le theoria del ventos, in le qual, al mesme tempore, ille invita al frequentation de su cursos (1756)|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |pages=374–385 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139014380.012}}</ref>
In 1756, Kant etiam publicava tres articulos super le [[terremoto de Lisboa de 1755]].<ref>Vide:
*Kant, I. (1756a) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=448 "Del causas del tremores terrestre al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente"] [Super le causas del terremotos al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente] In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academia Regal Prussian de Scientias), ed.s (1902) ''Le scriptos colligite de Kant'' [Le scriptos colligite de Kant] (in german) Berlin, Germania: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.
*Kant, I. (1756b) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=460 "Historia e description natural del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra"] [Historia e description del natura del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra], ibid. pp. 429–461.
*Kant, I. (1756c) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=494 "Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le tremores terrestre observate desde alcun tempore"] [Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le terremotos que esseva sentite alcun tempore ante], ibid. pp. 463–472.
*Amador, Filomena (2004) "Le causas del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 in Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s. ''Actas del VIII Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas'' [Actas del Octave Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas] (in anglese) Logroño, Espania: Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas (Universitate de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.</ref> Le theoria de Kant, que involveva alterationes in enorme cavernas plen de gases calide, ben que incorrecte, esseva un del prime tentativas systematic de explicar terremotos in terminos natural in vice de terminos supernatural. In 1757, Kant comenciava a dar cursos de geographia, faciente de ille un del prime professores a inseniar explicitemente le geographia como subjecto independente.<ref name="Richards-1974">{{Cite journal|last=Richards|first=Paul|date=1974|title=Le geographia e le cartas mental de Kant|journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers|issue=61|pages=1–16|doi=10.2307/621596|jstor=621596| issn=0020-2754 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elden|first=Stuart|date=2009|title=Reconsiderar le geographia de Kant|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|language=en|volume=35|issue=1|pages=3–25|doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2008.06.001|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|access-date=27 septembre 2019|archive-date=1 augusto 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205430/http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Geographia esseva un del themas de curso le plus popular de Kant, e in 1802, un compilation per Friedrich Theodor Rink del notas de su cursos, ''Geographia physica'', esseva publicate. Post que Kant deveniva professor in 1770, ille amplificava le themas de su cursos pro includer cursos super [[derecto natural]], ethica e [[anthropologia]], insimul con altere themas.<ref name="Richards-1974" />
[[File:Kant wohnhaus 2.jpg|thumb|Le casa de Kant in Königsberg in un pictura de 1842]]
In le ''Historia natural universal'', Kant exponeva le [[hypothese nebular]], in le qual ille deduceva que le [[Systema Solar]] se habeva formate ex un grande nube de gas, un [[nebula]]. Kant etiam deduceva correctemente que le [[Via Lactea]] esseva un [[galaxia|grande disco de stellas]], del qual ille theorisava que illo se habeva formate ex un nube de gas rotante multo plus grande. Ille suggereva in plus que altere "nebulas" distante poterea esser altere galaxias. Iste postulationes aperiva nove horizontes pro le astronomia, pro le prime vice extendente su dominio ultra le systema solar verso le mundos galactic e intergalactic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=George|title=Un, duo, tres... Infinity|location=New York|publisher=Viking P.|date=1947|pages=300ff|title-link=Un, duo, tres... Infinity}}</ref>
De alora in ultra, Kant dedicava su effortios sempre plus al questiones philosophic, ben que ille continuava a scriber super le scientias durante tote su vita. Al initio del annos 1760, ille produceva un serie de obras importante in philosophia. ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'', un obra super logica, esseva publicate in 1762. Duo altere obras appareva le anno sequente: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' e ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]''. In 1764, Kant habeva devenite un autor popular notabile, e scribeva ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime e altere scriptos|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref>; ille esseva secunde a [[Moses Mendelssohn]] in un competition pro le premio del Academia de Berlin con su ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (often appellate "Le essay pro le premio"). In 1766, Kant scribeva un obra critic super ''Dreams of a Spirit-Seer'' de [[Emanuel Swedenborg]].
In 1770, Kant esseva nominate Professor Plen de Logica e Metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg. Pro defender iste nomination, Kant scribeva su [[dissertation inaugural]] ''Super le forma e le principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile''.{{efn|Pois que ille habeva scribite su ultime [[thesis de habilitation]] 14 annos ante, un nove thesis de habilitation esseva requirite (vide S. J. McGrath, Joseph Carew (eds.), ''Reconsiderar le idealismo german'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 24).}} Iste obra marcava le apparition de plure themas central de su obra matur, includente le distinction inter le facultates del pensamento intellectual e le receptivitate sensibile. Omitter iste distinction significarea committer le error de [[subreption]], e, como ille dice in le ultime capitulo del dissertation, solmente evitante iste error pote le metaphysica prosperar.
Ben que il es ver que Kant scribeva su maxime obras relativemente tarde in su vita, il existe un tendentia a subestimar le valor de su obras plus juvene. Le investigationes recente super Kant ha dedicate plus attention al iste scriptos "pre-critic", e ha recognoscite un certe grado de continuitate con su obra matur.<ref>Cf., per exemplo, Susan Shell, ''Le incarnation del ration'' (Chicago, 1996)</ref>
===Publication del ''Critica del Ration Pur''===
{{AP|Critica del Ration Pur}}
[[File:Painting of David Hume.jpg|thumb|Le philosophe [[David Hume]] per [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]]]]
A etate 46, Kant esseva un erudito establite e un philosopho de influentia crescente, e multo esseva expectate de ille. In correspondentia con su ex-studente e amico [[Markus Herz]], Kant admitteva que, in le dissertation inaugural, ille habeva fallite explicar le relation inter nostre facultates sensibile e intellectual.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watkins|first=Erik|title=Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: Background Source Materials|url=https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0521781626|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2/page/276 276]}}</ref> Ille debeva explicar como nos combina lo que es cognoscite como cognition sensorial con le altere typo de cognition —id es, cognition rational— iste duo essente relationate ma habente processos multo differente. Kant attribueva etiam a [[David Hume]] le facto de haber le eveliate de un "{{vanchor|somno dogmatic}}" in le qual ille habeva acceptate sin questionar le principios de religiose e de [[natural philosophy|philosophia natural]].<ref name="Smith-1952"><nowiki>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Homer W.|url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man) and His Gods|location=New York|publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]]|year=1952|page=[[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404<nowiki>) 404]|author-link=Homer W. Smith|url-access=registration}}</nowiki></ref><ref>Kant, ''PFM'' 4:260</ref> Hume, in su ''[[Treatise on Human Nature]]'' de 1739, habeva argumentate que le personas cognosce le mente solmente per un serie subjective, essentialmente illusori, de perceptiones. Ideas como [[causalitate]], [[moralitate]] e [[Objecto (philosophia)|objectos]] non es evidente in le experientia, dunque lor realitate pote esser questionate. Kant pensava que le ration poteva remover iste scepticismo, e ille se proponeva resolver iste problemas. Ben que amante del compania e conversation con alteres, Kant se isolava e resisteva al tentativas de su amicos de retirar le de su isolation.{{efn|In 1778, in responsa a un de iste propositiones per un ex-discipulo, Kant scribeva: "Cata cambiamento me rende apprehensive, mesmo si illo offere le plus grande promissa de meliorar mi condition, e io es persuadite per iste instincto natural mie que io debe esser prudente si io vole que le filos que le Destino fila assi tenue e debile in mi caso continua a esser filate durante alicun longor. Mi grande gratias a mi benvolentes e amicos, qui pensa de me con tanta benevolentia que illes se occupa de mi benesser, ma al mesme tempore un requesta multo humile de proteger me in mi condition actual contra omne perturbation." <ref>Christopher Kul-Want and Andrzej Klimowski, ''Introducing Kant'' (Cambridge: Icon Books, 2005). {{ISBN|978-1840466645}}</ref>}} Quando Kant emergeva de su silentio in 1781, le resultato esseva le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', imprimite per [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]]. Kant respondeva al [[empiricismo]] de Hume affirmante que alcun cognition existe inherentemente in le mente, independente del experientia.<ref name="Smith-1952" /> Ille traheva un parallel con le [[Revolution Copernican]] in su proposition que le objectos del mundo pote esser intuite ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'', e que le [[Anschauung|intuition]] es consequentemente distincte del [[Objectivitate (philosophia)|realitate objective]]. Forsan le question le plus directemente disputate esseva le argumento de Hume contra omne connexion necessari inter eventos causales, que Hume characterizava como le "cemento del universo". In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant argumenta in favor de lo que ille considera le justification ''a priori'' de tal connexion necessari.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A188-211/B233-56</ref>
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Johann Christoph Frisch.jpg|left|thumb|Portraito de Kant per [[Johann Christoph Frisch]], post Johann Gottlieb Becker, {{circa|1770}}]]
Ben que hodie recognoscite como un del maximo grande obras in le historia del philosophia, le ''Critique'' disappunctava le lectores de Kant al momento de su publication initial.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dorrien|first=Gary|title=Kantian Reason and Hegelian Spirit: The Idealistic Logic of Modern Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=978-0470673317|location=Malden, MA|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr/page/37 37]}}</ref> Le libro esseva longe, con plus de 800 paginas in le edition original in germano, e scribite in un stilo complicate. Kant esseva multo contristate per su reception.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=250–254}} Su ex-studente [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] criticava le obra pro poner le ration como un entitate digne de critica per se, in vice de considerar le processo de ratiocinio in le contexto del linguage e del personalitate integre de un persona.<ref>[[Frederick Copleston|Copleston, Frederick Charles]] (2003). ''The Enlightenment: Voltaire to Kant''. p. 146.</ref> Simile a [[Christian Garve]] e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Johann Georg Heinrich Feder]], ille rejectava le position de Kant que spatio e tempore possede un forma que pote esser analysate. Garve e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Feder]] etiam criticava le ''Critique'' pro non explicar le differentias in le perception de sensationes.<ref>Sassen, Brigitte. ''Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy''. 2000.</ref> Su densitate lo rendeva, como Herder diceva in un littera a [[Johann Georg Hamann]], un "nucleo dur a rumper", obscurate per "tote iste pesante tela de aranea".<ref>''Ein Jahrhundert deutscher Literaturkritik'', vol. III, ''Der Aufstieg zur Klassik in der Kritik der Zeit'' (Berlin, 1959), p. 315; as quoted in Gulyga, Arsenij. ''Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought''. Trans. Marijan Despaltović. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1987.</ref> Su reception contrastava fortemente con le laudes que Kant habeva recipite pro obras anterior, como su ''Essay del Premio'' e le obras plus breve que precedeva le prime ''Critique''. Recognoscente le necessitate de clarificar le tractato original, Kant scribeva le ''[[Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics]]'' in 1783 como un summario de su opiniones principal. Poco postea, le amico de Kant [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]] (1739–1805), un professor de mathematica, publicava ''Explicationes del Professor Kant super le Critique del Ration Pura'' (Königsberg, 1784), que esseva un breve ma multo exacte commentario super le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=268–269}}
Le reputation de Kant cresceva gradualmente durante le ultime parte del decennio 1780, stimulate per un serie de obras importante: le essay de 1784, "[[Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?]]"; le ''[[Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals]]'' de 1785 (su prime obra super philosophia moral); e le ''[[Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science]]'' de 1786. Le fama de Kant finalmente veniva de un fonte inesperate. In 1786, [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]] publicava un serie de litteras public super le philosophia kantian. In iste litteras, Reinhold presentava le philosophia de Kant como un responsa al controverse intellectual central del epocha: le [[controversia del pantheismo]]. [[Friedrich Jacobi]] habeva accusate le recentemente defuncte [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] (un distinguite dramaturgo e essayista philosophic) de [[Spinozism]]. Un tal accusation, equivalente a un accusation de atheismo, esseva energicamente negate per le amico de Lessing, [[Moses Mendelssohn]], e isto conduceva a un dispute public acerbe inter partisanos. Le controversia gradualmente se transformava in un debatto super le valores del [[Illuminismo]] e le valor del ration. Reinhold manteneva in su litteras que le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant poteva resolver iste disputa per defender le autoritate e le limites del ration. Le litteras de Reinhold esseva multo legite e faceva de Kant le philosopho le plus famose de su epocha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guyer|first=Paul|title=The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0521823036|location=Cambridge, UK|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5/page/631 631]}}</ref>
== Opera posterior ==
Kant publicava un secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' in 1787, profundemente revidente le prime partes del libro. Le major parte de su obra subsequente se concentrava super altere areas del philosophia. Il continuava a disveloppar su philosophia moral, specialmente in le ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' de 1788 (cognoscite como le secunde ''Critica''), e le ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' de 1797. Le ''[[Critica del potentia del judicio]]'' de 1790 (le tertie ''Critica'') applicava le systema kantian al [[esthetica]] e al [[teleologia]]. In 1792, le tentativa de Kant de publicar le Secunde del quatro partes de ''[[Religion intra le limites del simple ration]]'',<ref name="KReligion">Werner S. Pluhar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Religion intra le limites del simple ration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304020309/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 |date=4 martio 2020 }}''. 2009. [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC Description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201192948/https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Within_the_Bounds_of_Bare_Reaso.html%3Fid%3Dda8RrM-qkiwC |date=1 februario 2020 }} & [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Contento.] Con un [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803085237/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 |date=3 augusto 2020 }} de Stephen Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company,</ref> in le revista ''Berlinische Monatsschrift'', incontrava opposition del [[Frederico Gulielmo II de Prussia|rege]] [[censura|commission de censura]], que habeva essite establite le mesme anno in le contexto del [[Revolution francese]]. Kant arrangiava alora que le quatro partes esseva publicate como un libro, transmittente lo per le departamento de philosophia del [[Universitate de Jena]] pro evitar le necessitate de censura theologic. Iste insubordination valeva a ille un reprimenda, ora famose, del rege. Quando ille nihilominus publicava un secunde edition in 1794, le censor esseva tanto irate que ille arrangiava un decreto royal que exigeva que Kant nunquam plus publicava ni parlava publicamente super religion. Kant publicava alora su responsa al reprimenda del rege e explicava se mesme in le prefacio de ''[[Le conflicto del facultates]]'' (1798).
[[File:Kant doerstling2.jpg|thumb|Kant con amicos, includente [[Christian Jakob Kraus]], [[Johann Georg Hamann]], [[Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel le Senior|Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel]], e [[Karl Gottfried Hagen]]]]
Il etiam scribeva un numero de essayos semi-popular super historia, religion, politica, e altere themas. Iste obras esseva ben recipite per le contemporaneos de Kant e confirmava su stato preeminente in le philosophia del [[seculo XVIII]]. Il habeva plure revistas dedicate exclusivemente a defender e criticar le philosophia kantian. Nonobstante su successo, le tendentias philosophic se moveva in un altere direction. Plure del discipulos e sequaces le plus importante de Kant (includente [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], [[Jakob Sigismund Beck]], e [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]) transformava le position kantian. Le etapas progressive del revision del doctrinas de Kant marcava le emergentia del [[idealismo german]]. In un de su ultime actos in explication de un position super questiones philosophic, Kant se opponeva a iste disveloppamentos e denunciava publicamente Fichte in un carta aperte in 1799.<ref name="Fichte">{{cite web|url=http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|title=Carta aperte de Kant denuncianti le philosophia de Fichte|language=de|website=Korpora.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719150635/http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1800, un studente de Kant nominate Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762–1842) publicava un manual de [[logica]] pro docentes appellate ''[[Logica]]'', que ille habeva preparate al demanda de Kant. Jäsche preparava le ''Logica'' usante un copia de un manual de logica de [[Georg Friedrich Meier]] appellate ''[[Excerption del doctrina del ration]]'', in le qual Kant habeva scribite copiose notas e annotationes. Le ''Logica'' ha essite considerate de importantia fundamental pro le philosophia de Kant e pro su comprehension. Le grande logico del [[seculo XIX]] [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] remarcat, in un recension incomplete del traduction anglese de Thomas Kingsmill Abbott del introduction al ''Logica'', que "tote le philosophia de Kant gira circa su logica."<ref>Peirce, C.S., ''[[Collecte de documentos de Charles Sanders Peirce]]'', v. 1, (HUP, 1960), 'Kant e su refutation del idealismo' p. 15
</ref> De plus, [[Robert S. Hartman]] e Wolfgang Schwarz scribeva in le introduction del traductores a lor traduction anglese del ''Logica'': "Su importantia reside non solmente in su signification pro le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'', cuje secunde parte es un reformulation de principios fundamental del ''[[Logica]]'', ma etiam in su position intra le totalitate del obra de Kant."<ref>Kant, Immanuel, ''[[Logica]]'', G.B. Jäsche (ed.), R.S. Hartman, W. Schwarz (traductores), Indianapolis, 1984, p. xv.</ref>
== Morte e sepultura ==
Le salute de Kant, sempre precari, se deteriorava. Il moriva in Königsberg le 12 februario 1804, habeva pronunciate ''Es ist gut'' ("Es es bon") ante su morte.<ref>Karl Vorländer, ''Immanuel Kant: Der Mann und das Werk'', Hamburg: Meiner, 1992, p. II 332.</ref> Su ultime obra incomplite esseva publicate como ''[[Opus Postume]]''. Kant faceva sempre un figura curioso durante su vita per su habitos modeste e rigorosemente planificate, que esseva describite como regular como un horologio. [[Heinrich Heine]] observava le magnitude de su "pensamentos destructive, que fracassava le mundo" e le considerava un sorta de "executionator" philosophic, comparante le con [[Maximilien Robespierre]] con le observation que ambe "representava al plus alte grado le typo del burgese provincial. Natura los habeva destinate a pesar caffe e zucchero, ma le Fato determinava que illes deberea pesar altere cosas e poneva sur le balancia de un un rege, e sur le balancia del altere un deo."<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |title=Heine sur Immanuel Kant |access-date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Quando su corpore esseva transferite a un nove loco de sepultura, su cranio esseva mesurate durante le exhumation e trovate esser plus grande que le medie del viros german, con un fronte "alte e large".<ref>''Examined Lives, From Socrates to Nietzsche'', James Miller p. 284</ref> Su fronte ha essite un objecto de interesse desde que illo deveniva ben cognoscite per su portraits: "In le portrait de Döbler e in le reproduction fidel, ben que expressionistic, de Kiefer, como etiam in multe altere portraits de Kant del fin del [[seculo XVIII]] e del initio del [[seculo XIX]], le fronte es remarquabilemente grande e decidite in retro."<ref>Immanuel Kant e le frontieras del historia del arte, Mark Cheetham, in ''Le subjectos del historia del arte: objectos historic in perspectivas contemporanee'', p. 16</ref>
[[File:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img05 Kant Island.jpg|upright|thumb|Le tumba de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia]]
Le [[mausoleo]] de Kant adjunge le angulo nord-est del [[Catedral de Königsberg]] in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Le mausoleo esseva construite per le architecto [[Friedrich Lahrs]] e completate in 1924, a tempore pro le bicentenario del nascentia de Kant. Originarimente, Kant esseva sepelite intra le cathedral, ma in 1880 su restos esseva transferite a un cappella [[neo-gothic]] adjacente al angulo nord-est del cathedral. Durante le annos, le cappella deveniva in mal stato e esseva demolite pro facer loco al mausoleo, que esseva construite in le mesme loco. Le tumba e su mausoleo es inter le poc artefactos del epocha german que esseva preservate per le [[Sovietes]] post que illes capturava le citate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar](http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar) Königsberg: un citate russe reguarda su radices german|last=Beyer|first=Susanne|date=25 July 2014|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=3 February 2018|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
In le [[seculo XXI]], multe nove maritos porta flores al mausoleo. Artefactos anteriormente possedite per Kant, cognoscite como ''Kantiana'', esseva includite in le [[Museo del citate de Königsberg]]; tamen, le museo esseva destruite durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]]. Un replica del statua de Kant que, durante le epocha german, stava ante le edificio principal del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], esseva donate per un entitate german al initio del annos 1990 e placiate in le mesme terreno. Post le [[Expulsion e fuga del germanos (1944–1950)|expulsion]] del population german de Königsberg al fin del Secunde Guerra Mundial, le Universitate de Königsberg, ubi Kant inseniava, esseva reimplaciate per le [[Universitate de Stato de Kaliningrad]] de lingua russe, que se appropriava del campus e del edificios supervivente. In 2005, le universitate esseva renominate [[Universitate de Stato Immanuel Kant de Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zieliński |first=Miłosz J. |date=2018 |title=Le futuro de Kant: Debattos super le identitate del Oblast de Kaliningrad |url=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305) |journal=Slavic Review |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=937–956 |doi=10.1017/slr.2018.291 |jstor=26644305 |issn=0037-6779|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Le cambio de nomine, considerate un question cargate politic, a causa del sentimentos mixta del residentes super su passato german,<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2005 |title=Kaliningrad lotta con su hereditage german |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700](https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=DW News }}</ref> esseva annunciate durante un ceremonia al qual assisteva le presidente russe [[Vladimir Putin]] e le cancellero german [[Gerhard Schröder]],<!--http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/33684/photos--><ref>{{cite news |last=Dempsey |first=Judy |date=1 July 2005 |title=Enclave russe arriva in un dispute diplomatic |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2005 |title=Iran como thema del reunion al Mar Baltic |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921](https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921) |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Agence-France Press|via=DW News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ypi |first=Lea |date=20 April 2024 |title=Kant e le argumento pro le pace |url=[https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07](https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07) |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766}}</ref> e le universitate formava un [[Societate Kantian]], dedicate al studio del [[kantianismo]]. In 2010, le universitate esseva ancora renominate [[Universitate Federal Baltic Immanuel Kant]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Decreto executive super le establimento del Universitate Immanuel Kant |url=[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234)<!--http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/1131--> |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Presidente de Russia}}</ref>
== Philosophia<!--'Kantianism', 'Kantian', and 'Kantian philosophy' redirect here-->==
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Emanuel Bardou, view 2, Berlin, 1798, marble - Bode-Museum - DSC02884.JPG|thumb|Busto de Kant per [[Emanuel Bardou]], 1798]]
Como multe de su contemporaneos, Kant esseva profundemente impressionate per le progressos scientific facite per [[Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]] e alteres. Iste nove evidentia del potentia del ration human poneva in question pro multe personas le autoritate traditional del politica e religion. In particular, le vision mecanic moderne del mundo poneva in question le possibilitate mesme del moralitate; nam, si il non existe alcun agentia, il non pote haber responsabilitate.<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' Bxxviii–Bxxx</ref>{{sfn|di Giovanni|2005}}
Le objectivo del projecto critic de Kant es de assecurar le autonomia human, le base del religion e del moralitate, contra iste menacia del mechanismo — e de facer lo in un maniera que preserva le progressos del scientia moderne.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §2.1}} In le ''Critica del Ration Pura'', Kant summarisa su preoccupationes philosophic in le sequente tres questiones:
# Que pote io cognoscer?
# Que debe io facer?
# Que pote io sperar?<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A804–05/B833</ref>
Le ''[[Critica del Ration Pura]]'' se concentra super le prime question e aperi un spatio conceptual pro un responsa al secunde question. Illo argumenta que, ben que nos non pote strictemente ''saper'' que nos es libere, nos pote — e pro fines practic debe — ''pensar'' nos mesme como libere. In le proprie parolas de Kant: «Io debeva negar le cognoscentia pro facer loco al fide.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxxx</ref> Le philosophia moral de Kant es ulteriormente disveloppate in le ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', le ''[[Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', e le ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]''.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023}}
Le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del Potentia de Judicar]]'' sustene que nos pote rationalmente sperar le unitate harmoniose del dominios theoric e practic tractate in le prime duo ''Criticas'', sur le base de nostre experientia affective del beltate natural e, plus generalmente, del organisation [[Teleologia in biologia|teleologic]] del mundo natural.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=6–8}} In ''[[Religion intra le Limites del Simple Ration|Religion intra le Limites del Pura Ration]]'', Kant tenta completar su responsa al tertie question argumentante pro un forma rationalista de religion fundate super nostre vitas practic (i.e., moral).<ref>di Giovanni, George. (1996) "Translator's Introduction", In ''Religion and Rational Theology''. Cambridge University Press. p.49, citing Kant in correspondence with Stäudlin.</ref>
Iste obras omnes pone le [[subjecto (philosophia)|subjecto]] human active e rational al centro del mundos cognitive e moral. In breve, Kant argumenta que le [[mente]] mesme apporta necessariemente un contribution constitutive al [[cognition|cognoscentia]], que iste contribution es transcendental plus tosto que psychologic, e que ager autonomemente significa ager secundo principios moral rational.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020}}
=== Le projecto critic de Kant ===
{{vide etiam|Critica del Ration Pura}}
[[File:Kant017.jpg|thumb|Kant per [[Carle Vernet]]]]
Le ''Critica del Ration Pura'' de 1781 (revise in 1787) ha sovente essite citate como le obra le plus significative de metaphysica e [[epistemologia]] in le philosophia moderne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohlf |first=Michael |title=Immanuel Kant |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191114014720/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |archive-date=14 November 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=[[Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford]]}}</ref> In le prime ''Critica'', e etiam in obras posterior, Kant formula le «problema general» e le «problema real del ration pura» in terminos del sequente question: «Como es possibile judicios synthetic ''a priori''?»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B135</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=51}} Pro comprender iste assertion, il es necessari definir alcun terminos. Primo, Kant face un distinction inter duo fontes de cognoscentia:
# Cognoscientias ''a priori'': «cognoscentia independente de tote experientia e mesmo de tote le impression del sensos».
# Cognoscientias ''a posteriori'': cognoscentias que ha lor fontes in le experientia — isto es, que es empiric.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B1–3</ref>
Secundo, ille face un distinction inter duo typos de judicios:
# Judicios analytic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Tote le celibes es non-maritate», o «Tote le corpores es extendite». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de clarification».
# Judicios synthetic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato non es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Alcun celibes es sol», «Tote le cygnos es blanc», o «Tote le corpores ha peso». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de amplification».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A6–8/B10–12</ref>
Tote le judicios analytic es ''a priori'', proque le experientia non es necessari pro analysar le contento de un concepto que nos ja possede.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B11</ref> In contrasto, un judicio synthetic es un judicio cuje concepto del predicato contine alco que non se trova in le concepto del subjecto. Le exemplos le plus evidente de judicio synthetic es judicios fundate super observationes empiric.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} Le duo typos de cognoscentia e le duo typos de judicio produce un tabella a quatro divisiones:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tabella de Judicios
!
!A priori
!A posteriori
|-
|'''Analytic'''
|analytic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Tote le corpores es extendite.»)
|analytic ''a posteriori'' (impossibile)
|-
|'''Synthetic'''
|synthetic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Cata effecto ha un causa.»)
|synthetic ''a posteriori'' (p.ex., «Le systema solar ha octo planetas.»)
|}
Kant credeva que le philosophos anterior habeva negligite le judicios synthetic ''a priori'', e habeva accordate attention solmente al judicios analytic ''a priori'' e synthetic ''a posteriori''. [[David Hume]], per exemplo, credeva que tote le cognoscentia es o «relationes de ideas» (que es analytic ''a priori'') o «questiones de facto» (que es synthetic ''a posteriori'').<ref>Hume, David. ''An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding''. Section 4; Part 1.</ref> Le taxonomia de Hume exclude le synthetic ''a priori''. Ma, stabiliente le synthetic ''a priori'' como un tertie typo de judicio, Kant crede que nos pote resister al scepticismo de Hume concernente a questiones como causalitate e le cognoscentia metaphysic plus generalmente. Isto es proque, a differentia de judicios simplemente ''a posteriori'', le judicios ''a priori'' ha «universalitate ver o stricte» e include un assertion de «necessitate».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B3–4</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} E, a differentia de assertiones simplemente analytic, le judicios synthetic extende nostre cognoscentia ultra le concepto del subjecto. Isto significa que monstrar como judicios synthetic ''a priori'' es possibile equivale a monstrar como un cognoscentia substantiv super le characteristicas necessari del mundo es possibile.
Kant mesme considera incontroverse le facto que nos ha cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' — specialmente in mathematica. Considera le proposition «7 + 5 = 12». Kant asserta que le concepto de «12» non es continente in le conceptos de «5», «7» e del operation de addition.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B14–17</ref> Tamen, ben que ille considera le possibilitate de tal cognoscentia como evidente, Kant assume nonobstante le carga de monstrar como tal cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' in mathematica e le scientias natural es possibile, e in le Dialectica Transcendental attacca le possibilitate de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' del metaphysica traditional. Le objectivo duple del ''Critica'' es tanto ''probar'' como ''explicar'' le possibilitate de iste cognoscentia.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=55}} Kant dice: «Il ha duo truncos del cognoscentia human, que forsan pote provenir de un radice commun ma pro nos incognite, a saper le sensibilitate e le intellecto, per le prime del qual objectos nos es ''date'', ma per le secunde illos es ''pensate''.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A15/B29, emphases added</ref>
Le termino de Kant pro le objecto del sensibilitate es «intuition», e su termino pro le objecto del intellecto es «concepto». In terminos general, le prime es un representation non-discursive de un objecto ''particular'', e le secunde es un representation discursive (o mediate) de un ''typo general'' de objecto.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=32, 61}} Le conditiones del experientia possibile require tanto intuitiones como conceptos, i.e., le affection del sensibilitate receptive e le potentia activemente synthesizante del intellecto.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.12}}{{efn|Plus technicamente, Kant exprime su puncto general que tote cognoscentia authentic require tanto input sensorial como organisation intellectual dicente que tote cognoscentia require tanto «intuitiones» como «conceptos» (p.ex., A 50 / B 74). Intuitiones e conceptos es duo species differente del genere «representation» (''Vorstellung''), le termino le plus general de Kant pro omne stato cognitive (vide A 320 / B 376–7). Al initio del «Esthetica Transcendental», Kant declara que un «intuition» es nostre typo le plus directe o «immediate» de representation de objectos, in contrasto con un «concepto» que representa sempre un objecto «per un detour (''indirecte'')» — isto es, simplemente per alicun «marca» o proprietate que le objecto possede (A 19 / B 33). In su manual de logica, Kant defini un intuition como un «representation ''singular''» — isto es, un que representa un objecto particular — dum un concepto es sempre un «''universal'' (''repraesentatio per notas communes'')», que representa proprietates commun a multe objectos (''Logic'', §1, 9:91).{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=60–61}}}} Dunque le assertion: «Pensamentos sin contento es vacue, intuitiones sin conceptos es cec.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A51/B75</ref> Le strategia basic de Kant in le prime parte del ''Critica del Ration Pura'' consistera in argumentar que certe intuitiones e conceptos es pur — isto es, illos es apportate integremente per le mente, independente de omne cosa empiric. Le cognoscentia generate super iste base, sub certe conditiones, pote esser synthetic ''a priori''. Iste insight es cognoscite como le «Revolution Copernican» de Kant, proque justo como Copernico faceva progressar le astronomia per un cambiamento radical de perspectiva, assi Kant pretende hic facer le mesme pro le metaphysica.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxvi–xviii</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.2}} Le secunde parte del ''Critica'' es le parte explicitamente ''critic''. In le «Dialectica Transcendental», Kant argumenta que multe del assertiones del metaphysica rationalista traditional viola le criterios que ille pretende establir in le prime parte, «constructive», de su libro, e conduce inevitabilemente a contradictiones.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=2(g)}}{{sfn|Guyer|2014|loc=ch. 4}} Tamen, como Kant observa, «le ration human, sin esser movite per le simple vanitate de saper toto, inexorabilemente perseque, impulsate per su proprie besonio, tal questiones que non pote esser respondite per ulle uso experientiale del ration».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B21</ref> Le projecto del ''Critica'' es establir usque a qual puncto le ration pote legitime perseverar in tal direction.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi–xii</ref>
=== Doctrina del idealismo transcendental ===
{{vide etiam|Idealismo transcendental}}
In le section del ''Critica'' intitulate «Le Esthetica Transcendental», Kant argumenta in favor del doctrina del [[idealismo transcendental]]. Le doctrina es «transcendental» proque illo explica un condition necessari pro le possibilitate del experientia e es un forma de «idealismo» proque ille conditiones depende de characteristicas del mente. Le detalios del interpretation correcte del idealismo transcendental es controverse, ma existe un large accordo super duo theses basic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(d)}} Primo, le spatio e le tempore non es ''cosas in se mesme'', ma simple formas de intuition (le spatio es le forma del intuition ''externe'', e le tempore es le forma del intuition ''interne''). Secundo, nos ha cognoscentia solmente del ''apparentias'' e non del cosas in se mesme. Le secunde these, secundo Kant, seque del prime: proque nostre formas ''a priori'' de intuition es conditiones necessari del possibilitate del experientia, omne cosa que cade foras de lo que nostre facultate sensibile pote reciper es incognoscibile. {{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}}<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A43/B59–60, A369</ref>
Nonobstante, ben que Kant dice que le spatio e le tempore es «transcendentalmente ideal» — le ''formas pur'' del sensibilitate human, plus tosto que parte del natura o del realitate como illo es in se mesme — ille asserta etiam que illos es «empiricamente real», per lo que ille vole dicer «que “tote lo que pote presentar se a nos externemente como un objecto” es tanto in le spatio como in le tempore, e que nostre intuitiones interne de nos mesme es in le tempore».<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A28/B44, A34–35/B51–51</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}} Qualcunque sia le interpretation del doctrina de Kant, ille voleva distinguer su position del [[idealismo subjective]] de [[George Berkeley]].{{sfn|Stang|2022|loc=§2.3}}
[[Paul Guyer]], ben que critic de multe del argumentos de Kant in iste section, scribe super le Esthetica Transcendental que illo «non solmente pone le prime petra del theoria constructive del cognoscentia de Kant; illo etiam pone le fundamento tanto pro su critica como pro su reconstruction del metaphysica traditional. Illo argumenta que tote cognoscentia authentic require un componente sensorial, e assi que assertiones metaphysic que transcende le possibilitate de confirmation sensorial non pote jammais esser cognoscentia.»{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=60}}
==== Disaccordos interpretative ====
Un interpretation, cognoscite como le interpretation del «duo aspectos» (o «un sol mundo»), considera le idealismo transcendental como, fundamentalmente, un these ''epistemologic''. Secundo iste lectura de Kant, popularisate specialmente per [[Henry E. Allison]], le [[cosa in se mesme]] e le apparentia phenomenal es le mesme objecto, e le idealismo transcendental es un these super lo que es necessari pro mentes finite e discursive pro ''considerar'' objectos tal como illos es date a nos per le sensibilitate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Henry E. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense |year=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300102666 |pages=11-19}}</ref> Alcun commentatores,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allais |first=Lucy |title=Manifest Reality: Kant's Idealism and his Realism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780198747130}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Langton |first=Rae |title=Kantian humility: our ignorance of things in themselves |date=2004 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924317-4 |edition=Reprinted |location=Oxford}}</ref> durante que illes concorda que il existe un sol insimul de objectos, considera le idealismo transcendental como un these super le ''proprietates'' de iste objectos, de qualcun nos ha accesso, dum alteres es incognoscibile pro nos.
Le altere linea prominente de interpretation es le vision del «duo mundos» (a vices associate con interpretationes «phenomenaliste»<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strawson |first=Peter Frederick |title=The bounds of sense: an essay on Kant's 'Critique of pure reason' |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-04030-3 |edition=Repr |location=London}}</ref>). Secundo iste vision, le apparentias non es le mesme cosas que le cosas in se mesme, e le idealismo transcendental non es simplemente un these super lo que es necessari pro nos pro considerar objectos que es transcendentalmente independente de nos. Alcun defensores del «duo mundos» considera que Kant asserta que le apparentias es identic con nostre representationes de illos,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the claims of knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |last2=Kant |first2=Immanuel |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Pr |isbn=978-0-521-33772-4 |edition=1. publ. 1987, repr |location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Feder |first=Johann Georg Heinrich |last2=Garve |first2=Christian |date=1782 |title=Feder-Garve Review of the Critique of Pure Reason |journal=Göttinger Gelehrten Anzeigen}}</ref> durante que alteres considera que ille simplemente asserta que le apparentias es partialmente fundate super cosas in se mesme sin esser identic con illas.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stang |first=Nicholas F. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism |date=2016 |work=The Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford |pages=§3.2 |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/) |access-date=6 April 2026 |edition=Spring 2016 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>
=== Le theoria de Kant super le judicio ===
{{vide etiam|Categoria (Kant)}}
[[File:Immanuelkant.JPG|thumb|Statua de Kant in le Schola de Philosophia e Scientias Human del [[Universitate Federal de Minas Gerais]] (UFMG), [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil]]
Post le «Analytica Transcendental» veni le «Logica Transcendental». Dum le prime se occupava del contributiones del sensibilitate, le secunde se occupa, primo, del contributiones del intellecto («Analytica Transcendental») e, secundo, del facultate del ''ration'' como fonte tanto de errores metaphysic como de principios regulative authentic («Dialectica Transcendental»). Le «Analytica Transcendental» es ulteriormente dividite in duo sectiones. Le prime, «Analytica del Conceptos», se occupa de establir le universalitate e necessitate del conceptos ''pur'' del intellecto (i.e., le categorias). Iste section contine le famose «deduction transcendental» de Kant. Le secunde, «Analytica del Principios», se occupa del application de iste conceptos pur in judicios ''empiric''. Iste secunde section es plus longe que le prime e es ulteriormente dividite in numerose sub-sectiones.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=4–13}}
==== Deduction transcendental del categorias del intellecto ====
Le «Analytica del Conceptos» argumenta in favor del validitate universal e necessari del conceptos pur del intellecto, o categorias, per exemplo, le conceptos de substantia e causalitate. Iste dece-duo categorias basic defini lo que significa esser un ''cosa in general'' —isto es, illos articula le conditiones necessari secundo le qual alique es un possibile objecto del experientia. Iste categorias, in combination con le formas ''a priori'' del intuition, es le base de tote cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Secundo [[Paul Guyer]] e [[Allen W. Wood]], «le idea de Kant es que, justo como il ha certe characteristicas essential de tote judicios, assi debe haber certe manieras correspondente in le qual nos forma le conceptos de objectos pro que judicios pote esser facite super objectos».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=8}}
Kant presenta duo lineas central de argumentation in supporto de su assertiones concernente le categorias. Le prime, cognoscite como le «deduction metaphysic», procede analyticmente ab un tabella del functiones logic aristotelic del judicio. Como Kant esseva consciente, isto assume precisamente lo que le sceptico refuta, a saper, le existentia de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Pro iste ration, Kant presenta etiam un argumento synthetic que non depende del assumption in question.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=89–90}}
Iste argumento, presentate sub le titulo «Deduction Transcendental del Conceptos Pur del Intellecto», es largemente considerate tanto le plus importante como le plus difficile del argumentos de Kant in le ''Critica''. Kant mesme diceva que illo esseva le parte que requireva le plus labor de su parte.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi</ref> Frustrate per le reception confuse del prime edition de su libro, ille lo rescribeva completemente pro le secunde edition.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(e)}}{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4}}
Le «Deduction Transcendental» presenta le argumento de Kant que iste conceptos pur se applica universal e necessariemente al objectos que es date in le experientia. Secundo Guyer e Wood, «Il centra su argumento super le premissa que nostre experientia pote esser attribuite a un sol subjecto identic, per medio de lo que ille appella le “unita transcendental del apperception”, solmente si le elementos del experientia date in le intuition es syntheticamente combinate assi que illos nos presenta objectos que es pensate per medio del categorias».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=9}}
Le principio de apperception de Kant es que «Le Io pensa debe poter accompaniar tote mi representationes; nam alteremente alique esserea representate in me que non poterea esser pensate de sorta, lo que equivale a dicer que le representation o esserea impossibile o, al minus, nihil esserea pro me».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B131-32</ref> Le possibilitate ''necessari'' del auto-attribution del representationes del autoconscientia, identic con se mesme trans le tempore, es un veritate conceptual ''a priori'' que non pote esser fundate super le experientia.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4.1}} Isto es solmente un esquissa general de un del argumentos que Kant presenta.
==== Principios del intellecto pur ====
Le deduction de Kant del categorias in le «Analytica del Conceptos», si illo es succedite, demonstra su assertiones concernente le categorias solmente in un maniera abstracte. Le carga del «Analytica del Principios» es monstrar tanto ''que'' illos debe applicar universalmente al objectos date in le experientia real (i.e., multitudes de intuition) como ''como'' illos face isto.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=9–10}} In le prime libro<!--????--> de iste section<!--????--> super le «[[Schema (Kant)|schematismo]]», Kant conecta cata un del categorias puramente logic del intellecto al temporalitate del intuition pro monstrar que, ben que illos non es empiric, illos tamen ha application al objectos del experientia. Le secunde libro continua iste linea de argumento in quatro capitulos, cata un associate con un del gruppos de categorias. In certe casos, illo adde un connexion con le dimension spatial del intuition al categorias que illo analysa.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=10–11}} Le quarte capitulo de iste section, «Le Analogias del Experientia», marca un cambiamento ab principios «mathematical» a principios «dynamic», isto es, a illos que tracta del relationes inter objectos. Alcun commentatores considera isto le section le plus significative del ''Critica''.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=11}} Le analogias es tres in numero:
# ''Principio del persistentia del substantia'': Kant se occupa hic del conditiones general pro determinar le relationes temporal inter le objectos del experientia. Ille argumenta que le unitate del tempore implica que «tote cambiamento debe consister in le alteration de estados in un substantia subjacente, cuje existentia e quantitate debe esser inalterabile o conservate».<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A182–26/B224–36</ref>
# ''Principio del succession temporal secundo le lege del causalitate'': Hic Kant argumenta que «nos pote facer judicios determinate super le succession objective de eventos, in contrasto con successiones simplemente subjective de representationes, solmente si cata alteration objective seque un regula necessari de succession, o un lege causal». Isto es le responsa le plus directe de Kant al scepticismo de [[Humeanismo#Causalitate e necessitate|Hume]] concernente le causalitate.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A186–211/B232–56</ref>
# ''Principio del simultaneitate secundo le lege del reciprocitate o communitate'': Le ultime analogia argumenta que «judicios determinate que objectos (o estados de substantia) in differente regiones del spatio existe simultaneemente es possibile solmente si tal objectos es in un relation causal mutual de communitate o interaction reciprocal». Isto es le responsa de Kant al these de [[Leibniz]] in le ''[[Monadologia]]''.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A211-15/B256-62</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=11–12}}
Le quarte section de iste capitulo, que non es un analogia, tracta del uso empiric del categorias modal. Illo esseva le fin del capitulo in le edition A del ''Critica''. Le edition B include un altere breve section, «Le Refutation del Idealismo». In iste section, per medio de un analyse del concepto de autoconscientia, Kant argumenta que su idealismo transcendental es un idealismo «critic» o «formal» que non nega le existentia de un realitate separate de nostre representationes subjective.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=12}} Le capitulo final del «Analytica del Principios» distingui le ''[[phenomena]]'', del qual nos pote haber cognoscentia authentic, ab le ''[[noumena]]'', un termino que se refere a objectos de pensamento pur que nos non pote cognoscer, ma al qual nos pote tamen referer «in un senso negative».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=12–13}} Un Appendice al section disveloppa ulteriormente le critica de Kant del rationalismo leibnizian-wolffian argumentante que su metaphysica «dogmatic» confunde le «simple characteristicas del conceptos per medio del qual nos pensa cosas ... [con] characteristicas del objectos mesme». Contra isto, Kant reafirma su proprie insistentia super le necessitate de un componente sensibile in tote cognoscentia authentic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=13}}
===Critica del metaphysica===
Le secunde del duo divisiones de "Le logica transcendental", "Le dialectica transcendental", contine le portion "negative" del ''Critica'' de Kant, que se basa super le argumentos "positive" del precedente "Analytica transcendental" pro revelar le limites del speculation metaphysic. In particular, illo cerca a demonstrar como fallace le tentativas del ration de attinger cognoscentia independente del sensibilitate. Iste effortio, argumenta Kant, es condemnate al fallimento, que ille pretende demonstrar monstrante que le ration, non limitate per le sensos, es sempre capace de generar conclusiones opost o alteremente incompatibile. Como "le columba legier, in volo libere per le aere, sentiente le resistentia que illo incontra" , le ration "pote haber le idea que illo poterea facer mesmo melio in un spatio sin aere". Contra isto, Kant sustene que, absente friction epistemic, il non pote haber cognoscentia. Nonobstante, le critica de Kant non es completemente destructive. Il presenta le excessos speculative del metaphysica traditional como inherente a nostre mesme capacitate de ration. In ultra, ille argumenta que lor productos non es sin un certe valor ''regulative'' (accuratemente qualificate).<ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521317245 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye/page/52 52]–55}}</ref>
====Super le conceptos del ration pur====
Kant appella le conceptos basic del metaphysica "ideas". Illos es differente del conceptos del intellecto in tanto que illos non es limitate per le restriction critic que limita le cognoscentia al conditiones de experientia possibile e a lor objectos. "Illusion transcendental" es le termino de Kant pro le tendentia del ration a producer tal ideas.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Ben que le ration ha un "uso logic" consistente simplemente in traher inferentias ex principios, in "Le dialectica transcendental", Kant se interessa al pretensive "uso real" del ration pro attinger conclusiones per medio de un ratiocination syllogistic regressive sin controlo.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}} Le tres categorias de ''relation'', quando illos es persequite sin reguardo al limites del experientia possibile, produce le tres ideas central del metaphysica traditional:
# ''Le anima'': le concepto de substantia como subjecto ultime;
# ''Le mundo in su totalitate'': le concepto de causalitate como serie complete; e
# ''Deo'': le concepto de communitate como fundamento commun de tote le possibilitates.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}}
Ben que Kant nega que iste ideas pote esser objectos de cognoscentia genuin, ille argumenta que illos resulta del impulsion inherent del ration a unificar le cognoscentia in un integre systematic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Le metaphysica de Leibniz e Wolff esseva dividite in quatro partes: ontologia, psychologia, cosmologia e theologia. Kant substitue le prime per le resultatos positive del prime parte del ''Critica''. Il propone de substituer le tres sequente per su doctrinas posterior de anthropologia, le fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural, e le postulation critic del libertate human e del moralitate.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=14}}
====Dialectic inferentias del ration pur====
In le secunde del duo libros de "Le Dialectic transcendental", Kant se effortia a demonstrar le natura contradictori del ration sin limites. Il face isto per disveloppar contradictiones in cata un del tres disciplinas metaphysic que, secundo su argumento, es in facto pseudoscientias. Iste section del ''Critica'' es longe e le argumentos de Kant es extrememente detaliate. In iste contexto, il non es possibile facer multo plus que enumerar le themas discutite.
Le prime capitulo tracta lo que Kant appella le ''paralogismos'' —i.e., inferentias false— que le ration pur face in le disciplina metaphysic del psychologia rational. Il argumenta que on non pote considerar le simple pensamento de "Io" in le proposition "Io pensa" como le cognoscentia correcte de "Io" como objecto. In iste maniera, ille pretende refutar varie theses metaphysic concernente le substantialitate, unitate e identitate de se del anima.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.i)}}
Le secunde capitulo, le plus longe, tracta le thema que Kant appella le [[Kant's antinomies|''antinomias del ration pur'']] —i.e., le contradictiones del ration con se mesme— in le disciplina metaphysic del cosmologia rational. Originalmente, Kant habeva pensate que tote illusion transcendental poterea esser analysate in terminos antinomic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=16}} Il presenta quatro casos in le quales, secundo ille, le ration es capace de provar theses opposite con equal plausibilitate:
# Que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le universo es simultaneemente finite e infinite in spatio e tempore";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le materia es e non es infinite divisibile in partes sempre plus parve";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le libero arbitrio non pote esser un parte causalmente efficace del mundo (proque tote le natura es deterministic) e tamen que illo debe esser un tal causa"; e
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que existe e non existe un ente necessari (que alcunos identificarea con Deo)".{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=16–17}}
Kant argumenta ulteriormente que, in cata caso, su doctrina del idealismo transcendental es capace de resolver le antinomia.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}
Le tertie capitulo examina argumentos fallace concernente Deo in le theologia rational sub le titulo del "Ideal del Ration Pur". (Dum un ''idea'' es un concepto pur generate per le ration, un ''ideal'' es le concepto de un idea como un cosa individual.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=17}}) Hic Kant examina e pretende refutar tres argumentos traditional pro le existentia de Deo: le [[argumento ontologic]], le [[argumento cosmologic]], e le [[argumento physico-theologic]] (i.e., le argumento del designio).{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.iii)}}
Le resultatos del dialectic transcendental usque a iste puncto pare esser completemente negative. In un appendice a iste section, Kant rejecta un tal conclusion. Le ideas del ration pur, ille argumenta, ha un importante function ''regulative'' in diriger e organisar nostre investigationes theoric e practic. Le obras posterior de Kant disveloppa iste function a longe e in detalio.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=18}}
===Pensamento moral===
{{Main|Ethica kantian}}
Kant disveloppava su ethica, o philosophia moral, in tres obras: ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1785), ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]'' (1788), e ''[[Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1797). Concernente al moralitate, Kant argumentava que le origine del [[Bonitate e theoria del valor|bon]] non jace in alique cosa exterior al [[human]] subjecto, sia in le [[natura]] o date per [[Deo]], ma solmente in le bon voluntate mesme. Un bon voluntate es illo que age per deber, in accordo con le lege moral universal que le esser human autonome se da libere a se mesme. Iste lege obliga un a tractar le humanitate —comprehendite como agentia rational e representate tanto per se mesme como per alteres— como un [[fin in se mesme]] e non simplemente como [[medio (philosophia)|medio]] pro altere fines que le individuo pote haber. Kant es cognoscite pro su theoria que tote [[obligation moral]] es fundate in lo que ille appella le "[[imperative categoric]]", derivate del concepto de [[deber]]. Il argumenta que le lege moral es un principio del [[ration]] mesme, non fundate super factos contingente del mundo, como lo que nos renderea felice; ager secundo le lege moral non ha altere motivo que "dignitate de esser felice".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A806/B834</ref>
Nonobstante, le expertos es largemente de accordo que le ethica de Kant precede, in le major parte de su ideas central, le periodo critic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ursprünge der Ethik Kants in seinen vorkritischen Schriften und Reflektionen |date=1961 |publisher=Hain |url=[https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Urspr%C3%BCnge_der_Ethik_Kants_in_seinen.html?id=8hps0QEACAAJ |language=de}}; {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Problem der Kontingenz der Welt: Versuch einer positiven Aufarbeitung der Kritik Kants am kosmologischen Argument |date=1969 |publisher=Herder |url=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Giovanni |title=Kants "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft": ein Kommentar |date=2004 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft |location=Darmstadt |isbn=3534157419}}</ref>
====Idea del libertate====
In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant distingue inter le idea transcendental del libertate, que como concepto psychologic es "principalmente empiric" e refere a "si un facultate de initiar per se mesme un serie de cosas o estados successive debe esser assumite",<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467">Kant, ''CPuR'' A448/B467</ref> e le concepto practic del libertate como independentia de nostre voluntate del "coercition" o "necessitation per impulsos sensibile". Kant trova un fonte de difficultate in le facto que le idea practic del libertate es fundate super le idea transcendental del libertate,<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A533–34/B561–62</ref> ma, pro rationes practic, usa le signification practic, non prendente "nulle consideration de ... su signification transcendental", que ille considera esser propriemente "disponite" in le Tertie Antinomia, e que, como elemento in le question del libertate del voluntate, es pro le philosophia "un ver obstaculo" que ha embarrassate le ration speculative.<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/>
Kant appella ''practic'' "tote lo que es possibile per libertate"; ille appella le leges practic pur que jammais es date per conditiones sensibile, ma que es tenite analogemente al lege universal del causalitate, "leges moral". Le ration pote dar nos solmente le "leges pragmatic de action libere per le sensos", ma le leges practic pur date per le ration ''a priori'' dicta "lo que debe esser facite".<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/><ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A800–02/B 828–30</ref> Le categorias kantian del libertate functiona principalmente como conditiones pro le possibilitate de actiones (i) esser libere, (ii) esser comprendite como libere, e (iii) esser evaluate moralmente. Pro Kant, ben que le actiones como objectos theoric es constituite per medio del categorias theoric, le actiones como objectos practic (objectos del uso practic del ration, que pote esser bon o mal) es constituite per medio del categorias del libertate. Solmente in iste maniera pote le actiones, como phenomena, esser consequentias del libertate, e esser comprendite e evaluate como tal.<ref>[[Susanne Bobzien]], 'Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant', in ''Kant: Analysen, Probleme, Kritik'' Vol. 1, 1988, 193–220.</ref>
====Imperative categoric====
Kant face un distinction inter imperativos categoric e [[imperative hypothetic]]. Un ''imperative hypothetic'' es uno que debe esser obsequite pro satisfacer desiros contingente. Un ''imperative categoric'' obliga le [[agente rational]] independentemente de su desiros: per exemplo, tote agentes rational ha le deber de respectar altere agentes rational como fines individual in se mesmes, independentemente del circumstantias, mesmo si a vices il es in le interesse egoistic de un persona de non facer lo. Iste imperativos es moralmente obligatori a causa del forma categoric de lor maximas, e non a causa de factos contingente concernente un agente.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 83.</ref>
A differentia de imperativos hypothetic, que nos obliga in tanto que nos es parte de un gruppo o societate a que nos debe deberes, nos non pote optar ex le imperative categoric, proque nos non pote optar ex le facto de esser agentes rational. Nos debe un deber al rationalitate in virtute de esser agentes rational; ergo, principios moral rational se applica a tote agentes rational in tote momentos.{{sfn|Johnson|2008}} Dicite in altere terminos, con tote formas de rationalitate instrumental excludite del moralitate, "le lege moral mesme, sustene Kant, pote esser solmente le forma del legalitate mesme, proque nihil altere remane quando tote contento ha essite rejectate".{{sfn|Schneewind|2010|p=261}}
Kant propone tres formulationes del imperative categoric. Il asserta que illos es necessariemente equivalente, como expressiones del universalitate pur del lege moral in se mesme;<ref>Kant, ''G''. 4:420–421, 436.</ref> multe estudioses non es convincite.<ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–78</ref> Le formulationes es le sequente:
* ''Formula del Lege Universal'':
** "Age solmente secundo ille maxima per le qual tu pote al mesme tempore voler que illo deveni un lege universal";<ref name="Kant, G 4:421">Kant, ''G'' 4:421</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Lege del Natura'': "Age assi como si le maxima de tu action, per tu voluntate, deberea devenir un lege universal del natura."<ref name="Kant, G 4:421"/>
* ''Formula del Humanitate como Fin in se mesme'':
** "Age de maniera que tu usa le humanitate, tanto in tu proprie persona como in le persona de cata altere, sempre al mesme tempore como fin e jammais simplemente como medio".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:429</ref>
* ''Formula del Autonomia'':
** "le idea del voluntate de cata esser rational como un voluntate que da lege universal",<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:431; cf. 4:432</ref> o "Non eliger alteremente que in maniera que le maximas de tu election sia al mesme tempore comprehendite con illo, in le mesme volition, como lege universal";<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:440; cf. 4:432, 434, 438</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Regno del Fines'': "Age secundo maximas de un membro universalmente legislative de un regno simplemente possibile de fines."<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:439; cf. 4:433, 437–439</ref><ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, p.6</ref>
Kant defini ''maxima'' como un "principio subjective del volition", que es distinguite de un "principio objective o 'lege practic'". Dum le ultime es valide pro cata esser rational e es un "principio secundo le qual ille debe ager", un maxima "contine le regula practic que le ration determina in accordo con le conditiones del subjecto (frequentemente su ignorantia o inclinationes) e es assi le principio secundo le qual le subjecto age".<ref>Caygill, Howard. (1995) ''A Kant Dictionary''. Blackwell Publishing, p. 289, citante ''GMM''.</ref>
Le maximas falle a qualificar como leges practic si illos produce un contradiction in conception o un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Un contradiction in conception occurre quando, si un maxima esseva universalizate, illo cessarea de haber senso, proque le "maxima se destruererea necessariemente a si mesme tosto que illo esseva facite un lege universal".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:403.</ref> Per exemplo, si le maxima "Es permissibile romper promissas" esseva universalizate, nulle persona haberea confidentia in promissas facite, e assi le idea de un promissa devenirea sin signification; le maxima esserea contradictori a se mesme, proque, quando illo es universalizate, le promissas cessa de haber signification. Le maxima non es moral proque il es logicamente impossibile universalizar lo —nos non pote conceber un mundo in le qual iste maxima es universalisate.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 88.</ref>
Un maxima pote anque esser immoral si illo crea un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Isto non significa un contradiction logic, ma que le universalisation del maxima conduce a un stato de cosas que nulle esser ''rational'' desira.
===="Le doctrina del virtute"====
Como Kant explica in le 1785 ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' e como su titulo indica directemente, ille texto es "nihil plus que le recerca e establimento del ''principio supreme del moralitate''".<ref>Kant, ''GMM'' 4:392.</ref> Su promittite ''Metaphysica del Morales'' esseva multo retardate e non appareva usque a su duo partes, "Le Doctrina del Derecto" e "Le Doctrina del Virtute", esser publicate separatemente in 1797 e 1798.<ref>Gregor, Mary J. (1996) "Translator's note on the text of The metaphysics of morals". In ''Practical Philosophy''. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, p. 355.</ref>
Le prime tracta le philosophia politic; le secunde, le ethica. "Le Doctrina del Virtute" presenta "un narration multo differente del rationamento moral ordinari" ab illo suggerite per le ''Fundamento''.{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Illo se interessa a ''deberes del virtute'' o "fines que al mesme tempore es deberes".<ref>Kant, ''MM''. 6:382–391.</ref> Il es hic, in le dominio del ethica, que le major innovation de ''Le Metaphysica del Morales'' se trova. Secundo le explication de Kant, "le rationamento moral ordinari es fundamentalmente teleologic —illo es rationamento concernente le fines que le moralitate nos obliga a persequer, e le prioritates inter iste fines que nos es obligate a observar".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=69}}
<blockquote>Il existe duo classes de fines que es nostre deber haber: nostre proprie perfection e le felicitate de alteres (''MS'' 6:385). "Perfection" include tanto nostre perfection natural (le disveloppamento de nostre talentos, habilitates e capacitate de comprender) como nostre perfection moral (nostre disposition virtuose) (''MS'' 6:387). Le "felicitate" de un persona es le plus grande integre rational del fines que le persona ha fixate pro su proprie satisfaction (''MS'' 6:387–388).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=70}}</blockquote>
Le elaboration de Kant de iste doctrina teleologic propone un theoria moral multo differente de illo que normalmente es attribuite a ille super le base de su obras foundational sol.
=== Politica ===
{{vide etiam|Politica philosophic de Immanuel Kant}}
In ''Vers le Pace Perpetual: Un Projecto Philosophic'', Kant enumerava plure conditiones que ille considerava necessari pro terminar guerras e crear un pace durabile. Inter illas esseva un mundo de republicas constitutional.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:349–353</ref> Su theoria republican esseva extendite in le "Doctrina del Drito", le prime parte del ''[[Metaphysica del Morals]]'' (1797).<ref>Manfred Riedel, ''Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy'', Cambridge 1984</ref> Kant credeva que le historia universal conduce al fin ultime de un mundo de statos republican in pace, ma su theoria non esseva pragmatic. Le processo esseva describite in ''Pace Perpetual'' como natural plus tosto que rational:
{{blockquote|Lo que offere iste ''garantia'' (securitate) es nihil minus que le grande artista ''natura'' (''natura daedala rerum''), de cuje curso mechanic appare visibilemente le finalitate, lassante concordia emerger per medio del discordia inter esseres human, mesmo contra lor voluntate; e pro iste ration natura, considerate como necessitate per un causa cuje lege de operationes es incognoscibile a nos, es appellate ''fato'', ma si nos considera su finalitate in le curso del mundo como le profunde sapientia de un causa superior, dirigite verso le fin objective ultime del genere human e predeterminante iste curso del mundo, illo es appellate ''providentia''.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:360–362</ref>}}
Le pensamento politic de Kant pote esser resumite como governamento republican e organisation international: "In terminos plus characteristicamente kantian, illo es un doctrina del stato fundate super le lege (''[[Rechtsstaat]]'') e del pace eternal. In facto, in cata un de iste formulationes, le duo terminos exprime le mesme idea: celle de constitution legal o de 'pace per le lege'.<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 581–582</ref> "Le philosophia politic de Kant, essente essentialmente un doctrina juridic, rejecta per definition le opposition inter education moral e le joco de passiones como fundamentos alternative pro le vita social. Le stato es definite como le union de homines sub lege. Le stato in le proprie senso es constituite per leges que es necessari ''a priori'' proque illos deriva del ipse concepto del lege. Un regime pote esser judicate per nulle altere criterios ni assignate altere functiones que illos proprie al ordine legal como tal."<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 603</ref>
Kant se opponeva al "democratia", que in su epocha significava [[democratia directe]], proque ille credeva que le regula del majoritate poneva in periculo le libertate individual. Ille declarava que "''democratia'' in le stricte senso del parola es necessariemente un ''despotismo'' proque illo establi un poter executive in le qual omnes decide pro e, si necesse, contra un (qui assi non concorda), de sorta que omnes, qui tamen non es omnes, decide; e isto es un contradiction del voluntate general con se mesme e con libertate."<ref>Kant, p. 8:352</ref>
Como le major parte del autores de su epocha, Kant distingueva tres formas de governamento —democratia, aristocratia e monarchia— con [[governamento mixte]] como le forma plus ideal.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:352</ref> Ille credeva in ideales e formas republican de governamento, e in le [[dominio del lege]] que resultava de illos.<ref>Kant, pp. 8:349–8:353</ref> Ben que Kant publicava isto como un "obra popular", [[Mary J. Gregor]] observa que duo annos plus tarde, in ''Metaphysica del Morals'', Kant pretende demonstrar ''systematicamente'' que "establir un pace universal e durabile constitue non solmente un parte del doctrina del drito, sed plus tosto le integre fin ultime del doctrina del drito intra le limites del ration pur".<ref>Kant, ''MM'' 6:355</ref><ref>Gregor, Mary J. "Introduction", in ''Practical Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press, p. 313</ref>
Le pensamento politic posterior de Kant esseva profundemente preoccupate per le problema del guerra e le possibilitate de establir un pace durabile inter le statos. In ''[[Pace Perpetual: Un Sketch Philosophic|Vers le Pace Perpetual]]'' (1795), ille argumentava que un pace durabile non poteva esser securate simplemente per tractatos, ma requireva constitutiones republican, respecto del derecto international e un federation voluntari de statos libere. Ille se opponeva al [[guerra de conquista|guerras de conquista]], al exercitos permanente e al practicas politic que incoragiava conflictos futur, e ille considerava le developpamento progressive de relationes international legal como un del tarefas politic central del humanitate.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kant's Social and Political Philosophy |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2016 |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Higgins |first=Olivier |title=Kant on Peace, Honor and the "Point of View" of Princes, 1755–1795 |journal=Modern Intellectual History |year=2023 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=738–763 |doi=10.1017/S1479244322000476 }}</ref>
''Le Doctrina del Drito'', publicate in 1797, contine le contribution le plus mature e systematic de Kant al philosophia politic. Illo tracta del deberes secundo le lege, que es "concernite solmente con le protection del libertate externe del individuos" e es indifferente al motivationes. Ben que existe un deber moral "de limitar nos a actiones que es juste, iste deber non es parte de [le drito] ipse".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Su idea politic basic es que "le derecto de cata persona de esser su proprie maestro es compatibile con le derectos de alteres solmente si institutiones juridic public existe".<ref>Ripstein, Arthur. (2009) ''Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy''. Harvard University Press, p. 9.</ref> Ille formula le principio universal del drito como:
{{Citation|Omne action es ''juste'' si illo pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal, o si, secundo su maxima, le libertate de selection de cata uno pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal. (''MS'' 6:230).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}}}}
===Scriptores religiose===
{{Main|Religion intra le limites del ration pur}}
A partir del seculo XX, commentatores tendeva a vider Kant como habente un relation tensionate con le religion, ben que isto non esseva le opinion predominante durante le seculo XIX. [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], cuje litteras adjutava a render Kant famose, scribeva: «Io crede que io pote inferer sin reservation que le interesse del religion, e del christianitate in particular, concorda completemente con le resultato del Critica del Ration.»<ref>Karl Leonhard Reinhold, ''Letters on the Kantian Philosophy'' (1786), 3rd Letter</ref> Secundo [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]], qui scribeva un del prime commentarios super Kant: «E non es iste systema mesme in le plus splendide accordo con le religion christian? Non deveni le divinitate e le beneficentia de iste ultime tanto plus evidente?»<ref>Johann Schultz, ''Exposition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason'' (1784), 141.</ref> Le ration pro iste interpretationes esseva le theologia moral de Kant e le opinion largemente diffundite que su philosophia esseva le grande antithese a [[Spinozismo]], que esseva largemente considerate un forma de pantheismo sophistificate o mesmo de atheismo. Proque le philosophia de Kant negligeva le possibilitate de arguer pro Deo per le ration pur sol, per le mesme ration illo etiam negligeva le possibilitate de arguer contra Deo per le ration pur sol.
Kant dirige su criticas le plus forte contra le organisation e le practicas del institutiones religiose que incoragia lo que ille considera un religion de falso servicio a Deo.<ref>Kant, ''RBMR'' Part IV, First part, First section [6:157–163]</ref> Inter le objectos principal de su critica es le rituales externe, le superstition e un ecclesia hierarchic. Ille vide iste practicas como effortios pro render se agradabile a Deo per medios altere que le adherentia conscientiose al principio del rectitude moral in eliger e sequer le maximas proprie. Le criticas de Kant super iste questiones, insimul con su rejection de certe provas theoretic del existentia de Deo fundate super le ration pur, particularmente le [[argumento ontologic]], e su commentario philosophic super certe doctrinas christian, ha resultate in interpretationes que considera Kant hostil al religion in general e al christianitate in particular.<ref>E.g., Walsh, W.H., 1967, "Kant, Immanuel: Philosophy of Religion", ''The Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Volume Four, Paul Edwards (ed.), New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. & The Free Press, 322.</ref> Altere interpretes, nonobstante, considera que Kant tentava distinguer le credentias christian defendibile del illas indefendibile.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Pasternack|first1=Lawrence|last2=Rossi|first2=Philip|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|url=[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's](http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's) Philosophy of Religion|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2014|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/%7Curl-status%3Dlive%7D%7D)</ref>
Concernente le conception de Kant del religion, alcun criticos ha arguite que ille esseva sympathic al deismo.<ref>Per exemplo Peter Byrne, qui scribeva super le relation de Kant con le deismo. Byrne, Peter (2007), ''Kant on God'', London: Ashgate, p. 159.</ref> Altere criticos ha arguite que le conception moral de Kant passa del deismo al theismo (como theismo moral), per exemplo Allen W. Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (1970), ''Kant's moral religion'', London and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 16.</ref> e etiam [[Merold Westphal]].<ref>Westphal, Merold (2010), ''The Emergence of Modern Philosophy of Religion'', in Taliaferro, Charles, Draper, Paul and Quinn, Philip (editors), ''A Companion to Philosophy of Religion'', Oxford: Blackwell, p. 135.</ref> Quanto al libro de Kant ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur|Religion intra le limites del Ration Pur]]'', esseva accentuate que Kant reduceva le religiositate a rationalitate, le religion a moralitate, e le christianitate a ethica;<ref>Iţu, Mircia (2004), ''Dumnezeu şi religia în concepţia lui Immanuel Kant din Religia în limitele raţiunii'', in Boboc, Alexandru and Mariş, N.I. (editors), ''Studii de istoria filosofiei universale'', volume 12, Bucharest: Romanian Academy.</ref> tamen, multe interpretes, inter illes Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (2020), ''Kant and Religion'', Cambridge University Press, p. 2.</ref> insimul con Lawrence Pasternack,<ref>Vider per exemplo Lawrence Pasternack, ''Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason'' (New York, Routledge, 2014), pp. 239–240.</ref> ora concorda con le assertion de [[Stephen Palmquist]] que un melior maniera de leger le ''Religion'' de Kant es vider lo como un tentativa de elevar le moralitate al stato de religion.<ref>Palmquist, Stephen (1992), "Does Kant Reduce Religion to Morality?", ''Kant-Studien'' 83.2, pp. 129–148.</ref>
Le philosopho german Josef Schmucker monstrava que le critica de Kant del provas traditional del existentia de Deo precede su periodo critic e pote esser traciate retro al annos 1760, como etiam le developpamento de su concepto del ideal transcendental.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant |date=1980 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |location=Berlin, BRD New York |isbn=311008130X}} e {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Weltproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft: Kommentar und Strukturanalyse des ersten Buches und des zweiten Hauptstücks des zweiten Buches der transzendentalen Dialektik |date=1990 |publisher=Bouvier Verl |location=Bonn |isbn=3416021851}}</ref>
=== Esthetica ===
{{vide etiam|Teleologia de Kant}}
[[File:Immanuel Kant.jpg|thumb|Gravura de Kant per Friedrich Rosmäsler, 1822, a partir de un pictura de Todd Schorr]]
Kant tracta le natura subjective de qualitates e experientias esthetic in ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' (1764). Le contribution de Kant al theoria esthetic es disveloppate in le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'' (1790), ubi ille investiga le possibilitate e le stato logic de "judicamentos de gusto". In le "Analytica del Belle", le prime division major del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant usa le termino "esthetic" in un maniera que se approxima a su senso moderne.<ref>Critique of Judgment in "Kant, Immanuel", ''[[https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf](https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf) Encyclopedia of Philosophy]'', volume 5, Macmillan, 2006, accessed on 16 November 2024</ref> In le ''[[Critica del Ration Pure]]'', pro notar le differentias essential inter judicamentos de gusto, judicamentos moral e judicamentos scientific, Kant abandona le termino "esthetic" como designante le critica del gusto, notante que le judicamentos de gusto nunquam pote esser "dirigite" per "leges ''a priori''".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A22/B36</ref> Post [[Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten]], qui scribeva ''Aesthetica'' (1750–58),{{efn|Beardsley, Monroe. "History of Aesthetics". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, section on "Toward a unified aesthetics", p. 25, Macmillan 1973. Baumgarten coined the term "aesthetics" and expanded, clarified, and unified Wolffian aesthetic theory, but had left the ''Aesthetica'' unfinished (Vide etiam: Tonelli, Giorgio. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, Macmillan 1973). In Bernard's translation of the ''Critique of Judgment'' he indicates in the notes that Kant's reference in § 15 in regard to the identification of perfection and beauty is probably a reference to Baumgarten.}} Kant esseva un del prime philosophos a developpar e integrar le theoria aesthetic in un systema philosophic unificate e comprehensibile, utilisante ideas que habeva un rolo integral in tote su philosophia.<ref>German Idealism in "History of Aesthetics" ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol 1. Macmillan, 1973.</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Belle" del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant dice que le beltate non es un proprietate de un obra de arte o de un phenomeno natural, sed plus tosto le conscientia del placer que accompania le "libere joco" del imagination e del intellecto. Ben que il pare que nos usa le ration pro decider lo que es belle, le judicio non es un judicio cognitive,{{efn|Kant's general discussions of the distinction between "cognition" and "conscious of" are also given in the ''Critique of Pure Reason'' (notably A320/B376), and section V and the conclusion of section VIII of his Introduction in ''Logic''.}} "e per consequentia non logic, sed aesthetic".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §1</ref>
Un judicio pure de gusto es subjective pois que illo se refere al responsa emotional del subjecto e es fundate solmente super le appreciation del objecto ipse: illo es un placer disinteressate, e nos senti que le judicios pure de gusto (i.e., judicios de beltate) reclama validitate universal.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§ 20–22</ref> Iste validitate universal non deriva de un concepto determinate de beltate, sed de le ''senso commun''.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §40</ref> Kant credeva anque que un judicio de gusto comparti characteristicas con un judicio moral: ambes es disinteressate, e nos considera les universalmente valide.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §59</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Taste |year=1997 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674500358 |pages=15–20}}</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Sublime", Kant identifica le [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] como un qualitate aesthetic que, como le beltate, es subjective, sed que, a differentia del beltate, se refere a un relation indeterminate inter le facultates del imagination e del ration. Illo comparti anque le character del judicamentos moral in su implication del ration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clewis |first=Robert R. |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521760867 |pages=48–52}}</ref> Le sentimento del sublime, dividite in duo modos distincte (le sublime mathematic e le sublime dynamic),<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §24</ref> describe duo momentos subjective concernente le relation del facultate del imagination al ration. Alcun commentatores sustene que le philosophia critic de Kant contine un tertie typo del sublime, le sublime moral, que es le responsa aesthetic al lege moral o a un representation, e un disveloppamento del sublime "nobile" in le theoria de Kant de 1764.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clewis |first=Robert |year=2009 |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Le sublime mathematic resulta del fallimento del imagination a comprender objectos natural que appare sin limites e sin forma, o que appare "absolute grande".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§23–25</ref> Iste fallimento imaginative es alora recuperate per le placer prendite in le assertion del ration del concepto de infinito. In iste movimento le facultate del ration prova esser superior a nostre fallibile self sensibile.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§25–26</ref> In le sublime dynamic, il ha le senso de annihilation del self sensibile quando le imagination tenta comprender un potentia enorme. Iste potentia del natura nos mena, sed per le resistentia del ration a tal annihilation sensibile, le subjecto senti un placer e un senso del vocation moral human. Iste appreciation del sentimento moral per medio del exposition al [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] adjuta a developpar le character moral.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§28–29</ref> Kant developpava un theoria del [[Humor|humor]],<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §54</ref> que ha essite interpretate como un theoria del "incongruentia". Il illustrava su theoria del humor per narrar tres scherzos in le ''Critica del Judicio''. Il pensava que le impacto physiologic del humor es simile a illo del musica.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jakobidze-Gitman|first=Alexander|title=Kant's Situated Approach to Musicking and Joking|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies|year=2020|volume=10|pages=17–33|doi=10.25364/24.10:2020.2}}</ref>
Kant developpava un distinction inter un objecto de arte como valor material subjecte al conventiones del societate e le condition transcendental del judicio de gusto como un valor "refinate" in su ''Idea pro un Historia Universal con un Fin Cosmopolita'' (1784). In le Quarte e Quinte Theses de iste obra ille identificava tote arte como le "fructos del insociabilitate" debite al "antagonismo in societate" del homines<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:20–22</ref> e, in le Septime These, affirmava que, ben que tal proprietate material es indicative de un stato civilisate, sol le ideal del moralitate e le universalisation del valor refine per le melioration del mente "appartene a cultura".<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:24–26.</ref>
===Anthropologia===
Kant faceva lectiones super [[Historia del anthropologia|anthropologia]], le studio del natura human, durante vinti-tres annos.<ref><nowiki>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Holly |title=Kant's Pragmatic Anthropology |url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils) |url-access=limited |date=2006 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=978-0791468494 |page=[[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21<nowiki>) 7]}}</nowiki></ref> Su ''[[Anthropologia ab un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' esseva publicate in 1798. Transcriptiones del lectiones de Kant super anthropologia esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 1997 in germano.<ref>Thomas Sturm, ''Kant und die Wissenschaften vom Menschen'' (Paderborn: Mentis Verlag, 2009).</ref> Kant esseva inter le prime personas de su epocha a introducer le anthropologia como area intellectual de studio, multo ante que le campo deveniva popular, e su textos es considerate como habente facite progressar le campo. Su puncto de vista influentiava le obras de philosophos posterior como [[Martin Heidegger]] e [[Paul Ricœur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piercey |first1=Robert |last2=Philosophy Documentation Center |date=2011 |title=Kant and the Problem of Hermeneutics: Heidegger and Ricoeur on the Transcendental Schematism |url=[http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection](http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection) |journal=Idealistic Studies |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–202 |doi=10.5840/idstudies201141315 |issn=0046-8541|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Kant esseva le prime a suggerer le uso de un approccio dimensional al diversitate human. Il analysava le natura del [[Hippocrate]]-[[Galen]] [[quatro temperamentos]] e representava in duo dimensiones "lo que pertine al facultate del desiderio de un esser human": "su aptitude natural o disposition natural" e "su temperamento o sensibilitate".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:285</ref> Le colericos esseva describite como emotional e energetic, le flemmaticos como equilibrate e debile, le sanguinees como equilibrate e energetic, e le melancholicos como emotional e debile. Iste duo dimensiones reapparer in tote le modelos subsequente de temperamento e tractos de personalitate. Kant considerava le anthropologia in duo grande categorias: (1) le approccio physiologic, que ille appellava "lo que le natura face del esser human"; e (2) le approccio pragmatic, que explora le cosas que un human "pote e debe facer de se ipse".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:119</ref>
====Vistas super le racia====
Le theoria de Kant super le racia e su opiniones prejudicial es inter le areas le plus controverse del recerca kantian recente.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1438443614 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany, New York |pages=12–30 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Zorn |first=Daniel-Pascal |title=Kant—a Racist? |url=[https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/](https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/) |journal=Public History Weekly |year=2020 |volume=2020 |issue=8 |doi=10.1515/phw-2020-17156 |s2cid=225247836 |issn=2197-6376 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kleingeld |first=Pauline |date=October 2007 |title=Kant's Second Thoughts on Race |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/KLEKST |journal=Philosophical Quarterly |volume=57 |issue=229 |pages=573–592 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.498.x}}</ref>--> Ben que pauc, si alcun, contesta le racismo manifeste e le chauvinismo presente in su obra, un question plus contestate es le grado in le qual illo degrada o invalida su altere contributiones. Su criticos le plus sever asserta que Kant manipulava intentionalmente le scientia pro supportar le sclavitude e le discrimination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eze |first=Emmanuel |chapter=The Color of Reason: the Idea of 'Race' in Kant's Anthropology |date=1997 |url=[https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO](https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO) |title=Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader |pages=103–140 |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |publisher=Blackwell |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serequeberhan |first=T. |date=1996 |title=Eurocentrism in Philosophy: the Case of Immanuel Kant |journal=The Philosophical Forum |s2cid=170547963 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Alteres recognosce que ille viveva in un epocha de scientia immatur, con multe credentias erronee, alcun racist, tote apparente decennios ante le evolution, le genetica molecular e altere scientias que hodie es considerate como evidente.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Philosophy Junkie: Immanuel Kant's Racism and Sexism with Professors Lucy Allais and Helga Varden on Apple Podcasts |url=[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962) |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geismann |first=Georg |date=1 January 2022 |title=Why Kant Was Not a 'Racist' |url=[https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist](https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist) |journal=Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=263–357 |doi=10.3790/jre.30.1.263 |s2cid=255676303 |issn=0944-4610|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Kant esseva un del pensatores plus notabile del [[Illuminismo]] a defender le racismo. Le philosopho [[Charles W. Mills]] es inequivoc: "Kant es etiam considerate como un del figuras central in le nascentia del racismo 'scientific' moderne. Dum altere contributores al pensamento racial precoce como Carolus Linnaeus e Johann Friedrich Blumenbach habeva offerite solmente observationes 'empiric' (virgulettes de cautela necessari!), Kant produceva un ''theoria'' complete del racia."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112|p=95}}
Exemplos de su commentarios racistas pote esser trovate in ''Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime'', ubi ille rejecta le opinion de un "carpintero negro" dicente:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> <blockquote>Il poterea haber hic qualcosa digne de consideration, excepto le facto que <u>iste scelerato esseva completemente nigre de capite a pede, un prova distincte que lo que ille diceva esseva stupide</u>.</blockquote>Il usa etiam assertiones de [[David Hume|Hume]] pro formular opiniones raciste:<ref name=":3" /> <blockquote>Le negros de Africa <u>ha per natura nulle sentimento que se eleva supra le ridiculo</u>. Sr. Hume provoca quicunque a citar un sol exemplo ubi un negro ha demonstrate talentos, e asserta que inter le centos de milles de negros que ha essite transportate alterubi ab lor paises, ben que multes de illes ha essite liberate, tamen <u>nulle ha unquam essite trovate qui ha accomplishite alque grande in le arte o in le scientia o monstrate ulle altere qualitate digne de laude, durante que inter le blancos il ha sempre illes qui se eleva del plus basse plebe e per dons extraordinari gania le respecto del mundo. Assi essential es le differentia inter iste duo typos human, e illo pare esser tanto grande con respecto al capacitate del mente como con respecto al color.</u> Le religion del fetiches, que es diffundite inter illes, es forsan un sorta de idolatria, que cade tanto profundemente in le ridiculo como pare esser possibile pro le natura human. Un penna de ave, un corno de vacca, un concha, o qualcunque altere cosa commun, tosto que illo es consecrate con certe parolas, deveni un objecto de veneration e de invocation durante le juramentos. <u>Le negros es multo vanitose, ma al maniera del Negro, e assi loquace que illes debe esser separate le unes ab le alteres per colpos.</u></blockquote>
Il deride etiam le costumes de terras non-europee como China, India, Japon e Arabia. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>In Peking, quando il ha un eclipse del sol o del luna, illes continua ancora le ceremonia de expeller con un grande strepito le dracon que devorarea iste corpos celeste, e <u>illes conserva un costume miserabile ab le plus ancian tempores de ignorantia</u>, ben que ora on es melior informate.</blockquote>
In su ''De le differente racias del homine'', ille usa multo de racismo scientific pro describer differente racias. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2016 |title=Kant on the different human races (1777) |url=[https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/](https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/) |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Black Central Europe |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>Le profusion de particulas de ferro que se trova altrimenti in le sanguine de omne esser human, e que, in iste caso, es precipitate in le substantia reticulate per le evaporation del acido phosphoric (<u>lo que explica proque tote le negros ha mal odor</u>), es le causa del nigritie que brilla trans le epidermide. Le pesante contento de ferro in le sanguine pare etiam esser necessari pro impedir le debilitamento de tote le partes del corpore. Le pelle oleose, que debilita le mucus nutritive necessari al crescimento del capillos, permitte a pena le production del lana que coper le testa. <u>In plus, le calor humide generalmente promove le forte crescimento del animales.</u> In breve, tote iste factores explica le origine del Negro, <u>qui es ben adaptate a su clima, isto es, forte, carnal e agile.</u> Tamen, proque ille es assi abundantemente provite per su terra natal, <u>ille es etiam pigre, indolente e morose.</u></blockquote>
Pro justificar le superioritate del blancos, ille scribe in le mesme essay:<ref name=":4" /><blockquote>Inter le blancos, tamen, iste acidos e le contento alkaline volatile non es reflectite del toto proque le ferro in le liquores corporee ha essite dissolvite, monstrante assi tanto le <u>perfecte mixtura del liquores como le fortia de iste stirpe human in comparation con alteres.</u></blockquote>
Usante le [[quatro temperamentos]] del Grecia antique, Kant proponeva un hierarchia de categorias racial includente europeos blancos, africanos negros e americanos indigenas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |chapter=On the Different Races of Man |title=Race and the Enlightenment: a reader |url=https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse |publisher=Blackwell |year=1997 |isbn=063120136X |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse/page/38 38]–49 |oclc=34663347 |orig-date=1775, 1777}}</ref> Ben que ille esseva un defensor del [[racismo scientific]] durante le major parte de su carriera, le opiniones de Kant super le racia cambiava significantemente durante le ultime decennio de su vita, e ille finalmente rejectava le [[colonialismo]] europee in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795), e possibilemente abandonava su opiniones super le hierarchias racial tamben (ben que ille nunquam los repudiava explicitemente).{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112}}<ref name=":2" />{{efn|Kant scribeva que "[Le blancos] contine tote le impulsos del natura in affectiones e passiones, tote le talentos, tote le dispositiones al cultura e civilisation e pote tanto facilemente obedir como governar. Illes es le sol personas qui sempre progresse verso le perfection." Il describe le sud-asiaticos como "educate al grado le plus alte ma solmente in le artes e non in le scientias". Il dice que le Hindustanis nunquam pote attinger le nivello del conceptos abstracte e que un "grande hindustani" es un qui ha "progresso multo in le arte del deception e possede multe moneta". Il affirma que le hindus remane sempre como illes es e nunquam pote progressar. Super le africanos negros, Kant scribeva que "illos pote esser educate ma solmente como servientes, isto es, illes se lassa formar". Pro Kant, "le Negro pote esser disciplinate e cultivate, ma nunquam es vermente civilisate. Il cade de su proprie accordo in le savagitate." Super le americanos indigenas, Kant opinava que illes "non pote esser educate". Il los appellava immotivate, carente de affection, passion e amor, e los describerea como troppo debile pro labor, inapte a ulle cultura, e troppo [[Quatro temperamentos|flemmatic]] pro diligentia. Il diceva que le americanos indigenas es "multo infra le Negro, qui sin dubita occupa le plus basse de tote le nivellos restante per le quales nos designa le differente racias". Kant declarava que "le americanos e le negros non pote governar se mesme. Illes servi assi solmente como sclavos."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=169–193}}{{sfn|Bowersox|2016}}}} Kant esseva un adversario del [[Miscegenation|miscigenation]], credente que le blancos esserea "degradate" e que le "fusion de racias" es indesirabile, proque "non cata racia adopta le costumes e le mores del europeos". Il declara que "in loco del assimilation, que esseva intendite per le mixtura del varie racias, le natura ha hic facite un lege justo del contrario".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:320</ref> Kant esseva etiam un antisemita, credente que le [[Judaeos|judeos]] esseva incapace de transcender le fortias material, lo que un ordine moral exigeva. In iste maniera, le judeos es presentate como le contrario de christianos autonome e rational, e ergo incapace de esser incorporate in un societate christian etic. In su "Anthropologia", Kant appellava le judeos "un nation de fraudatores" e los representava como "un gruppo que ha sequite non le via del libertate transcendental ma illo del sclavitude al mundo material".{{sfn|Shrage|2019}}
Mills scribeva que Kant ha essite "purificate pro le consumption public"; su obras raciste esseva convenientemente ignorate.{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=95–97}} [[Robert Bernasconi]] affirmava que Kant "forniva le prime definition scientific de racia". [[Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze]] es creditate con haber portate al lumine le contributiones de Kant al racismo durante le annos 1990 inter le philosophos occidental, qui, secundo ille, frequentemente dissimulava iste parte de su vita e obra.{{sfn|Bouie|2018}} Pauline Kleingeld argumenta que, ben que Kant "defendeva un hierarchia racial al minus usque al fin del annos 1780", su opiniones super le racia cambiava significantemente in obras publicate durante le ultime decennio de su vita. In particular, illa argumenta que Kant rejectava opiniones anterior ligate al hierarchias racial e al derectos o statuto moral diminuite de non-blancos in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795). Iste obra contineva etiam argumentos extensive contra le [[colonialismo]] europee, que ille declarava moralmente injuste e incompatibile con le derectos equal possedite per le populationes indigene. Kleingeld argumenta que iste cambio in le opiniones de Kant plus tarde in su vita ha essite frequentemente oblidate o ignorate in le litteratura super le anthropologia raciste de Kant, e que le cambio suggere un recognition tardive del facto que le hierarchia racial esseva incompatibile con un quadro moral universalitate.{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}
Ben que le rhetoric raciste de Kant es indicative del stato del erudition e del scientia in le XVIII seculo, le philosopho german [[Daniel-Pascal Zorn]] explica le risco de prender citationes del epocha foras de lor contexto. Multe del citationes le plus outrageous de Kant proveni ab un serie de articulos de 1777–1788, un intercambio public inter Kant, Herder, le scientista natural [[Georg Forster]], e altere eruditos eminente de ille epocha.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race: late eighteenth-century writings |date=2013 |others=Jon M. Mikkelsen |isbn=978-1461943129 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany |oclc=861693001 |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref>{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=298–301, 343–345}}<ref>cf. Kant, ''DCHR'' 8:91–106</ref> Kant affirma que tote le racias del humanitate es del mesme specie, contestante le position de Forster e alteres que le racias esseva species distincte. Ben que su commentario es clarmente partial in alcun casos, certe assertiones extreme esseva specialmente formulate pro paraphrasar o contradir Forster e altere autores.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Considerante le arco complete del erudition de Kant, Zorn nota le progression tanto in su obras philosophic como anthropologic, "con le qual ille argumenta, contra le ''zeitgeist'', pro le unitate del humanitate".<ref name=":1" />
==== Vistas super le feminas ====
Le opiniones de Kant super le feminas pote esser trovate in su obras como ''Observationes'' (1764) e ''Anthropologia'' (1798), in le quales, negante al feminas le plen capacitate pro principios moral e le equal stato civic, ille los tracta como moralmente e politicemente subordinate al homines, e non como agentes complete in lor proprie derecto. Kant credeva que homines e feminas es naturalmente differente e debe sviluppar differente typos de excellentia: le homines es characterisate per ration, principios e le "sublime", durante que le feminas es characterisate per sentimento, beltate e sensibilitate. Il susteneva que le feminas es intelligente, ma credeva que illas non age secundo principios moral abstracte in le mesme maniera que le homines; in vice de isto, illas possede un "belle virtute" fundate super sympathia, cura e judicio emotional plus tosto que super deber rational. In su obra precoce ille videva iste virtute feminine como valorose e socialmente benefic, ma in su scriptos posterior ille negava sempre plus le capacitate del feminas pro ver autonomia moral, argumentante que solmente le action rational governate per principios constitue le plen virtute. Como resultato, Kant veniva a considerar le feminas como inadapte al plen equalitate moral e politic, assignante les un rolo principal in le matrimonio, le harmonia social e le refinamento del societate, plus tosto que in un vita moral o civic independente.<ref name=":3" />
==Influentia e hereditage==
[[File:300Jahrfeier.jpg|thumb|Poster celebrante le 300 annos del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], 1844. Inter alteres, Kant e [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]] es honorate.]]
Le influentia de Kant super le pensamento occidental ha essite profunde.{{efn|Oliver A. Johnson asserta que, "con le possibile exception del ''Republica'' de Plato, (''Critica del ration pur'') es le libro philosophic le plus importante jam scripte." Articulo super Kant in le collection ''Great thinkers of the Western World'', Ian P. McGreal, Ed., HarperCollins, 1992.}} Ben que le principios basic del [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant (isto es, que le spatio e le tempore es formas ''a priori'' del perception human plus tosto que proprietates real e le assertion que le logica formal e le logica transcendental coincide) ha essite declarate false per le scientia e le logica moderne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Strawson|first=Peter|title=Bounds of Sense: Essay on Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"|year=1966|url=https://archive.org/details/boundsofsenseess0000stra_u5x0|id={{ASIN|0415040302|country=uk}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Einstein on Kant|url=https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html|access-date=2 September 2020|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html#:~:text=Einstein%20wrote:,withstand%20the%20test%20of%20time.&text=However,%20if%20one%20does%20not,and%20norms%20of%20Kant%27s%20system.|url-status=live|accessdate=25 August 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html}}]()</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perrick|first=Michael|date=1985|title=Kant and Kripke on Necessary Empirical Truths|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mind_1985-10_94_376/page/596|journal=Mind|volume=94|issue=376|pages=596–598|doi=10.1093/mind/XCIV.376.596|jstor=2254731|issn=0026-4423}}</ref> e non determina plus le agenda intellectual del philosophos contemporanee, Kant es creditate con haber innovate le maniera in que le investigation philosophic esseva effectuate al minus usque al initio del dece-none seculo.<!--not very long! early twentieth?--> Iste cambio consisteva de plure innovationes intimemente relationate que, ben que multo controverse in se mesme, deveniva importante in philosophia ulterior e in le scientias social in senso large:
* Le subjecto human vidite como le centro del investigation del cognoscentia human, de sorta que es impossibile philosophar super cosas como illos existe independentemente del perception human o de como illos es "pro nos";<ref>Stephen Palmquist, "The Architectonic Form of Kant's Copernican Logic", ''Metaphilosophy'' 17:4 (October 1986), pp. 266–288; revised and reprinted as Chapter III of [[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) Kant's System of Perspectives] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) |date=14 April 2012 }}: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993).</ref>
* le notion que il es possibile discoperir e explorar systematicamente le limites inherente del capacitate human de cognoscer completemente ''a priori'';
* le notion del "imperative categoric", un assertion que le personas es naturalmente dotate del capacitate e del obligation verso le recte ration e le action. Forsan su citation le plus famose es prendite del ''Critica del ration practic'': "Duo cosas plen mi mente de admiration e reverentia sempre nove e crescente ... : ''le celo stellate supra me e le lege moral intra me''";<ref>Kant, ''CPracR'' 5:161</ref>
* le concepto de "conditiones de possibilitate", como in su notion del "conditiones del experientia possibile"; isto es, que cosas, cognoscentia e formas de conscientia se basa super conditiones precedente que los rende possibile, de sorta que, pro comprender o cognoscer los, plure conditiones debe esser comprendite:
** le assertion que le experientia objective es activemente constituite o construite per le functionamento del mente human;
** le concepto del autonomia moral como central al humanitate; e
** le assertion del principio que le esseres human debe esser tractate como fines e non simplemente como medios.
* le [[Distinction analytic–synthetic|distinction analytic-synthetic]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | chapter=The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction | date=2023 | publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University | chapter-url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan) }}</ref>
Le ideas de Kant ha essite incorporate in un varietate de scholas de pensamento. Illos include [[Idealismo german|idealismo german]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Beiser |first=Frederick C. |author-link=Frederick C. Beiser |title=German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 |url=https://archive.org/details/germanidealismst0000beis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |date=2002 |isbn=978-0674007703 |pages=Part I}}</ref> [[Marxismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=McLellan |first=David |title=Marxism after Marx |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=1998 |isbn=978-0333738399 |pages=22–25}}</ref> [[Positivismo|positivismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kolakowski |first=Leszek |title=Positivist Philosophy: From Hume to the Vienna Circle |url=https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1972 |isbn=0140212248 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak/page/67 67]–69}}</ref> [[Phenomenologia (philosophia)|phenomenologia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Carman |first=Taylor |title=Merleau-Ponty |publisher=Routledge |date=2008 |isbn=978-0415360616 |pages=34–36}}</ref> [[Existentialismo|existentialismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Walter |title=Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301 |publisher=Meridian Books |date=1989 |isbn=978-0452009301 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301/page/n10 9]–12}}</ref> [[Theoria critic|theoria critic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Habermas |first=Jürgen |title=The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe |publisher=MIT Press |date=1987 |isbn=978-0745608303 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe/page/109 109]–113}}</ref> [[Philosophia linguistic|philosophia linguistic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dummett |first=Michael |title=Origins of Analytical Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1996 |isbn=978-0674644731 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm/page/45 45]–47}}</ref> [[Structuralismo|structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Piaget |first=Jean |title=Structuralism |publisher=Routledge |date=2001 |isbn=978-0415262491 |pages=10–12}}</ref> [[Poststructuralismo|post-structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Norris |first=Christopher |title=Deconstruction: Theory and Practice |url=https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr |publisher=Routledge |date=2003 |isbn=978-0415061742 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr/page/40 40]–42}}</ref> e [[Deconstruction|deconstruction]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Culler |first=Jonathan |title=On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0801479182 |pages=53–56}}</ref>
===Influentia historic===
[[File:Kant Kaliningrad.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Statua de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Replica per {{Interlanguage link|Harald Haacke|de}} del original per [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], que esseva perdite in 1945.]]
Durante su proprie vita, multo attention critic esseva dedicate al pensamento de Kant. Il influentiava [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], e [[Novalis]] durante le annos 1780 e 1790. [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] esseva grandemente influentiate per Kant e adjutava a diffunder le cognoscentia de ille, e del Idealismo german in general, in le Regno Unite e le Statos Unite. In su ''[[Biographia Literaria]]'' (1817), ille attribue al ideas de Kant su conviction que le mente non es un agente passive, ma un agente active in le apprehension del realitate. Hegel esseva un del prime grande criticos de Kant. Secundo Hegel, le integre projecto de separar un "subjecto transcendental" (isto es, le conscientia human) tanto del individuo vivente como del natura, historia e societate esseva fundamentalmente defective,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline|year=1827|location=Heidelberg|pages=14–15}}</ref> ben que partes de ille projecto poteva esser utilisate in un nove direction. Concernements similar motivava le criticas de Hegel del concepto de autonomia moral de Kant, al qual Hegel opponeva un ethica centrate super le "vita ethic" del communitate.{{efn|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, ''Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences''. trans. T.M. Knox. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975. Hegel's mature view and his concept of "ethical life" is elaborated in his ''Philosophy of Right''. Hegel, ''Philosophy of Right''. trans. T.M. Knox. Oxford University Press, 1967.}} In un senso, le notion de Hegel del "vita ethic" es intendite a includer, plus tosto que reimplaciar, le [[Ethica kantian|ethica kantian]]. E Hegel pote esser vidite como attemptante defender le idea de libertate de Kant como un superar le "desiderios" finite per medio del ration. Assi, in contrasto con criticos ulterior como Nietzsche o Russell, Hegel comparti alcun del preoccupationes de Kant.{{efn|Robert Pippin's ''Hegel's Idealism'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) emphasizes the continuity of Hegel's concerns with Kant's. Robert Wallace, ''Hegel's Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) explains how Hegel's ''Science of Logic'' defends Kant's idea of freedom as going beyond finite "inclinations", contra skeptics such as David Hume.}}
Le pensamento de Kant super le religion esseva usate in Britannia per philosophos como [[Thomas Carlyle]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cody |first=David |date= |title=Carlyle: Sources and Influence |url=[https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html](https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html) |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=The Victorian Web}}</ref> pro contestar le declino del fide religiose in le dece-none seculo. Autores catholic britanno, notabilemente [[G. K. Chesterton]] e [[Hilaire Belloc]], sequeva iste approccio.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morse |first=David |title=The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism |url=https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333913918 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi/page/198 198]–200}}</ref> Criticas de Kant esseva commun in le vistas realista del nove [[Positivismo|positivismo]] de ille tempore. [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] esseva fortemente influentiate per le [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant. Como [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi]], [[Salomon Maimon]], [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]] e Fichte ante ille, Schopenhauer esseva critic de le theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Le cosas-in-se, illes argumentava, non es ni le causa de lo que nos observa, ni completemente foras de nostre accesso. Desde le ''Critica del ration pur'', philosophos ha essite criticos del theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Multes ha argomentate que, si un tal cosa existe ultra le experientia, alora on non pote postular que illo nos affice causalmente, proque isto implicarea extender le categoria "causalitate" ultra le dominio del experientia.{{efn|For a review of this problem and the relevant literature see ''The Thing in Itself and the Problem of Affection'' in the revised edition of Henry Allison's ''Kant's Transcendental Idealism''.}}
Con le successo e le large influentia del scriptos de Hegel, le proprie influentia de Kant comenciava a declinar, ma un reevaluation de su ideas comenciava in Germania in 1865 con le publication de ''Kant und die Epigonen'' per [[Otto Liebmann]], cu motto esseva "Retro a Kant". Il sequeva un importante renascentia del philosophia theoric de Kant, cognoscite como [[Neo-kantianismo|neo-kantianismo]]. Le notion de Kant del "critica" ha essite plus largemente influente. Le prime romanticos german, specialmente [[Friedrich Schlegel]] in su "Fragmentos de Athenaeum", usava le conception reflexive de Kant del critica in lor theoria romantic del poesia.<ref>Schlegel, Friedrich. "Athenaeum Fragments", in ''Philosophical Fragments''. Trans. Peter Firchow. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991. See especially fragments Nos. 1, 43, 44.</ref> In le [[aesthetica]] tamben, [[Clement Greenberg]], in su essay classic "Modernist Painting", usa le critica kantian, que Greenberg appella "critica immanente", pro justificar le objectivos del [[Arte abstracte|pictura abstracte]], un movimento que Greenberg videva como consciente del limitation clave — le planitate — que constitue le medio del pictura.<ref>Greenberg, Clement. "Modernist Painting", in ''The Philosophy of Art'', ed. Alex Neill and Aaron Ridley, McGraw-Hill, 1995.</ref> Le philosopho francese [[Michel Foucault]] esseva etiam grandemente influentiate per le notion de Kant de "critica" e scribeva plure textos super Kant pro reexaminar le Illuminismo como un forma de "pensamento critic". Il iva usque a classificar su proprie philosophia como un "historia critic del modernitate, radicate in Kant".<ref>See "Essential Works of Foucault: 1954–1984 vol. 2: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology". Ed. by James Faubion, Trans. Robert Hurley et al. New York City: The New Press, 1998 (2010 reprint). See "Foucault, Michel, 1926 –" entry by Maurice Florence.</ref>
Kant credeva que le veritates mathematic es formas de cognoscentia [[Synthetic a priori|synthetic ''a priori'']], lo que significa que illos es necessari e universal, ma cognoscite per le intuition ''a priori'' del spatio e del tempore, como preconditiones transcendental del experientia.<ref>For a discussion and qualified defense of this position, see Stephen Palmquist, "A Priori Knowledge in Perspective: (I) Mathematics, Method and Pure Intuition", ''The Review of Metaphysics'' 41:1 (September 1987), pp. 3–22.</ref> Le commentarios frequentemente breve de Kant super le [[Mathematica|mathematica]] influentiava le schola mathematic cognoscite como [[Intuitionismo|intuitionismo]], un movimento in le [[philosophia del mathematica]] opponite al [[Formalismo (mathematica)|formalismo]] de [[David Hilbert]] e al [[Logicismo|logicismo]] de [[Gottlob Frege]] e [[Bertrand Russell]].{{efn|[[Stephan Körner|Körner, Stephan]], ''The Philosophy of Mathematics'', Dover, 1986. For an analysis of Kant's writings on mathematics see, Friedman, Michael, ''Kant and the Exact Sciences'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992.}}
===Influentia super pensatores moderne===
[[File:DBP - 250 Jahre Immanuel Kant - 90 Pfennig - 1974.jpg|thumb|upright|Marca postalde [[Germania Occidental]], 1974, commemorante le 250me anniversario del nascentia de Kant]]
Con su ''Pace perpetue'', Kant es considerate como habente prefigurate multe del ideas que veniva a formar le [[theoria del pace democratic]], un del principal controversias in le [[scientia politic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ray|first=James Lee|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|title=Does Democracy Cause Peace?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|archive-date=17 February 2008|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|year=1998|volume=1|pages=27–46|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm |date=17 February 2008 }}</ref> Plus concretemente, le theorista constructivista [[Alexander Wendt]] proponeva que le anarchia del systema international pote evolver ab le anarchia hobbesian "brutal" comprendite per le theoristas realista, trans [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], per le anarchia lockean, e finalmente verso un anarchia kantian in le qual le estados vidererea lor interesses proprie como inseparabilemente ligate al benesser de altere estados, transformante assi le politica international in un forma multo plus pacific.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wendt |first=Alexander |title=Social Theory of International Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/socialtheoryofin0000wend_z8x6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |pages=chapter 6}}</ref>
Inter le kantians prominente recente se trova le philosophos britanno [[P. F. Strawson]],{{efn|Strawson, P.F., ''The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason''. Routledge: 2004. When first published in 1966, this book forced many Anglo-American philosophers to reconsider Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''.}} [[Onora O'Neill]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|title=Onora O'Neill Wins Holberg Prize for Academic Research|last=Aridi|first=Sara|date=14 March 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 January 2019|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109111404/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|url-status=live}}</ref> e [[Quassim Cassam]],<ref>Cassam, Q. ''The Possibility of Knowledge'' Oxford: 2009</ref> e le philosophos american [[Wilfrid Sellars]],<ref>Sellars, Wilfrid, ''Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes''. Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1967</ref> [[Lewis White Beck]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&q=lEWIS+wHITE+bECK#v=snippet&q=lEWIS%20wHITE%20bECK&f=false ''Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers''. Shook, John R. Ed. Thoemmes Continuum, Bristol], 2005 p. 166 {{ISBN|9781843710370}} Lewis White Beck on Google Books</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236806211_Lewis_White_Beck_on_Reasons_and_Causes "Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. ''Journal on the History of Ideas'' July, 2002 63 (3) pp. 539–548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net]</ref> e [[Christine Korsgaard]].{{efn|Korsgaard, Christine. ''Creating the Kingdom of Ends''. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.{{ISBN|978-0521496445}} ''Not a commentary, but a defense of a broadly Kantian approach to ethics''.}} A causa del influentia de Strawson e Sellars, inter alteres, il ha habite un renovate interesse in le conception de Kant del mente. Central a multe debattos in le [[philosophia del psychologia]] e le [[scientia cognitiv]] es le conception de Kant del unitate del conscientia.
[[Jürgen Habermas]] e [[John Rawls]] es duo importante philosophos politic e moral cuje obra es fortemente influentiate per le philosophia moral de Kant.{{efn|See Habermas, J. ''Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action''. Trans. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1996. For Rawls see, Rawls, John. ''Theory of Justice'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971. Rawls has a well-known essay on Kant's concept of good. See, Rawls, "Themes in Kant's Moral Philosophy" in ''Kant's Transcendental Deductions''. Ed. Eckart Förster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.}} Illes ha argomentate contra le [[relativismo]],<ref>Habermas, J. (1994): The Unity of Reason in the Diversity of Its Voices. In: Habermas, J. (Ed.): ''Postmetaphysical Thinking. Political Essays'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: 115–148.</ref> supportante le opinion kantian que le universalitate es essential a omne philosophia moral viabile. Le studio de [[Mou Zongsan]] super Kant ha essite citate como un parte multo crucial in le disveloppamento del philosophia personal de Mou, specialmente le [[Neo-confucianismo|Neo-confucianismo]]. Largemente considerate le studioso de Kant le plus influente in China, le critique rigorose de Mou del philosophia de Kant — habente traducite le tres [[Critica del ration pur|criticas]] de Kant — serviva como un attempto ardente de reconciliar le philosophia chinese e occidental durante que illo accresceva le pression pro [[Westernization|occidentalisation]] in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Palmquist |first1=Stephen |title=Cultivating Personhood: Kant and Asian Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm |url-access=limited |year= 2010 |publisher=De Gruyter, Inc. |location=Hong Kong |isbn=978-3110226249|page=[https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm/page/n43 25] |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wing-Cheuk |first1=Chan |title=Mou Zongsan's Transformation of Kant's Philosophy |journal=Journal of Chinese Philosophy |date=21 February 2006 |volume=33 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6253.2006.00340.x }}</ref>
[[File:Kant-Münze DDR.jpg|thumb|upright|Moneta commemorative del [[Germania Oriental|Germania Oriental]] in honor de Kant, 1974]]
A causa del profunditate del cambio de paradigma de Kant, su influentia se extende multo ultra isto a pensatores qui ni refere specificamente a su obra ni usa su terminologia. Le influentia de Kant se extendeva al scientias social, comportamental e physic — como in le sociologia de [[Max Weber]], le psychologia de [[Jean Piaget]] e [[Carl Jung]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Whether jung was a kantian? |journal=Con-Textos Kantianos |year=2016 |issue=4 |pages=118–126 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.2550828 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719 |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055819/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719_Whether_jung_was_a_kantian |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Kant and Jung on the prospects of Scientific Psychology |journal=Estudos Kantianos |year=2017 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=357–390 |doi=10.36311/2318-0501.2017.v5n1.26.p375 |url=https://philpapers.org/archive/BALIKA.pdf |doi-access=free |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref> Le obra de Kant super mathematica e cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' es etiam citate per le physico theoric [[Albert Einstein]] como un influentia precoce super su disveloppamento intellectual, ben que illo esseva un influentia que ille plus tarde criticava e rejectava.<ref>Isaacson, Walter. "Einstein: His Life and Universe". p. 20.</ref> In le annos 2020, il ha essite un interesse renovate in le theoria de Kant super le mente ab le puncto de vista del [[logica formal]] e del [[informatica]].<ref>Theodora Achourioti & Michiel van Lambalgen, 'A Formalization of Kant's Transcendental Logic', ''The Review of Symbolic Logic'', 4 (2011), 254–289.</ref>
===Lista de obras major===
Abbreviationes usate in le corpore del articulo es in '''grasse''' inter consolas. Salvo indication contraire, le pagination es celle del edition critic ''Akademie'', que pote esser trovate in le margines del traductiones de Cambridge.
* 1749: ''[[Pensamentos super le estimation ver de fortias vivente]]'' (''Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte'')
* 1755: ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]'' ['''UNH'''] ({{lang|de|Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels}})
* 1755: ''Breve esquisse de certe meditationes super le foco'' (''Meditationum quarundam de igne succinta delineatio'' ([[thesis de magistro]] sub [[Johann Gottfried Teske]])<ref>The thesis was submitted on 17 April 1755. "The public examination was held four weeks later on 13 May, and the degree was formally awarded on 12 June" (Eric Watkins, ''Kant: Natural Science'', Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 309).</ref><ref>Eric Watkins (ed.), ''Kant and the Sciences'', Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 27.</ref><ref>Martin Schonfeld, ''The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 74.</ref><ref>Available [[https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) online at Bonner Kant-Korpus] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) |date=6 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1755: ''Un nove elucidation del principios prime de cognition metaphysic'' (''Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio'' ([[thesis doctoral]]))<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 27 September 1755 (Kuehn 2001, p. 100).</ref>
* 1756: ''Le uso in philosophia natural de metaphysica combinate con geometria, parte I: Monadologia physic'' ['''PM'''] (''Metaphysicae cum geometrica iunctae usus in philosophia naturali, cuius specimen I. continet monadologiam physicam'', abbreviate como ''Monadologia Physica'' ([[thesis de habilitation]] como requisito pro un position de [[professor extraordinari]]))<ref>Kant's application for the position was unsuccessful. He defended it on 10 April 1756 (Kuehn 2001, p. 102).</ref>
* 1762: ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'' (''Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren'')
* 1763: ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]'' (''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'')
* 1763: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' ['''NQ'''] (''Versuch den Begriff der negativen Größen in die Weltweisheit einzuführen'')
* 1764: ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' ['''OFBS'''] (''Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen'')
* 1764: ''Essay super le morbo del capite'' (''Über die Krankheit des Kopfes'')
* 1764: ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (le ''Essay premiate'') ['''PNTM'''] (''Untersuchungen über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral'')
* 1766: ''[[Somnios de un visionario de spiritos]]'' ['''DSS'''] (''Träume eines Geistersehers'')<ref>Available [[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant](https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant) online at Archive.org].</ref>
* 1768: ''Super le fundamento ultime del differentiation del regiones in spatio'' [1768] (''Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume'')<ref>Immanuel Kant, [[https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) "Concerning the ultimate ground of the differentiation of directions in space"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) |date=16 July 2018 }}.</ref>
* 1770: ''Dissertation super le forma e principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile'' ['''ID'''] (''De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis'' [thesis doctoral])<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 21 August 1770 (Kuehn 2001, p. 189).</ref><ref>Available [[https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) online at Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) |date=3 August 2020 }}.</ref><ref>English translation available [[:s:Kant's Inaugural Dissertation of 1770|online at Wikisource]].</ref>
* 1775: ''Super le differente racias del homines'' (''Über die verschiedenen Rassen der Menschen'')
* 1781: Prime edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR A''']<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The](http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The) Critique of Pure Reason|publisher=Etext.library.adelaide.edu.au|access-date=24 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2](https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2) December 2008}}</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 1. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1783: ''[[Prolegomenos a omne metaphysica futur]]'' ['''PFM'''] (''Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik'')
* 1784: "[[Un responsa al question: Quid es le Illumination?]]" ['''WE?'''] ("''Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?''")<ref>{{cite web|author=Frank-Christian Lilienweihs|url=[http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklaerung?|publisher=Prometheusonline.de|date=10 June 1999|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 August 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1784: "[[Idea pro un historia universal con un fin cosmopolita]]" ['''UH'''] ("''Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht''")
* 1785: "Determination del concepto de un racia human" ['''DCHR'''] (''Bestimmung des Begriffs einer Menschenrace'')
* 1785: ''[[Fundamento del metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''G'''] (''Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten'')
* 1786: ''[[Fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural]]'' ['''MFNS'''] (''Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft'')
* 1786: "Que significa orientar se in le pensar?" ['''OT'''] ("''Was heißt: sich im Denken orientieren?''")
* 1786: ''[[Incipiente conjectural del historia human]]'' ['''CB'''] (''Mutmaßlicher Anfang der Menschengeschichte'')
* 1787: Secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR B''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique) of Pure Reason|publisher=Hkbu.edu.hk|date=31 October 2003|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=27 April 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 2. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|date=20 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=26 December 2005|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1788: ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' ['''CPracR'''] (''Kritik der praktischen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1790: ''[[Critica del judicio]]'' ['''CPJ'''] (''Kritik der Urteilskraft'')
* 1793: ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur]]'' ['''RBMR'''] (''Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft'')<ref name="KReligion"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion](http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion) within the Limits of Reason Alone by Immanuel Kant 1793|publisher=Marxists.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 June 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1793: ''Super le ancian proverbio: Que pote esser correcte in theoria, ma non functiona in le practica'' ['''TP'''] (''Über den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht für die Praxis'')
* 1795: ''[[Pace perpetue: un esquisse philosophic]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant, "Perpetual Peace"|publisher=Mountr Holyoke |access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}})</ref> ['''PP'''] ("''Zum ewigen Frieden''")<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel](http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel) Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden, 12.02.2004 (Friedensratschlag)|publisher=Uni-kassel.de|date=24 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=23 September 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1797: ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''MM'''] (''Metaphysik der Sitten''). Le prime parte es Le Doctrina del Jure, que ha sovente essite publicate separatemente como Le Scientia del Jure.
* 1798: ''[[Anthropologia desde un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' ['''APPV'''] (''Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht'')
* 1798: ''Conflictto del facultates'' ['''CF''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant](http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant), The Contest of Faculties|year=1798|publisher=Chnm.gmu.edu|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Der Streit der Fakultäten'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Der Streit der Facultäten – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1800: ''[[Logica]]'' (''Logik'')
* 1803: ''Super pedagogia'' (''Über Pädagogik'')<ref>Available [[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) online at DeutschesTextArchiv.de] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) |date=10 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1804: ''Opus Postumum'' ['''OP''']
* 1817: ''Lectiones super theologia philosophic'' (''Immanuel Kants Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre'', editate per K. H. L. Pölitz) [Le edition anglese de A. W. Wood & G. M. Clark (Cornell, 1978) es basate super le secunde edition de Pölitz, 1830, de iste lectiones.]{{efn|As noted by [[Allen W. Wood]] in his Introduction, p. 12. Wood further speculates that the lectures themselves were delivered in the Winter of 1783–84.}}
== Notas ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{Ref}}
== Bibliographia ==
=== Introduction ===
* [[Gottfried Gabriel]]: ''Kant. Eine kurze Einführung in das Gesamtwerk.'' UTB, Paderborn 2022, ISBN 978-3-8252-5793-4.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biographie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-498-02491-4.
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Immanuel Kant.'' UTB-Profile/A. Francke, Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7720-8393-8.
* Jean Grondin: ''Kant zur Einführung.'' 3. Auflage. Junius, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-88506-363-8.
* [[Otfried Höffe]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' 7. Auflage. Beck, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-45977-1.
* [[Heiner F. Klemme]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Campus, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-593-37185-5.
* Heiner F. Klemme, Ansgar Lorenz: ''Immanuel Kant. Philosophie für Einsteiger.'' Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7705-6044-8.
* [[Georg Römpp]]: ''Kant leicht gemacht.'' 2. Auflage. UTB/Böhlau, Köln/Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-8252-2707-4.
* Arno Schubbach: ''Immanuel Kant zur Einführung.'' Junius, Hamburg 2022, ISBN 978-3-96060-331-3.
=== Biographias ===
* [[Steffen Dietzsch]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Reclam, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-379-00806-0.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biografie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2005, ISBN 3-499-61365-4.
* Arsenij Gulyga: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-518-45568-0.
* {{BBKL | url=https://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629032840/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml |archivedate=2007-06-29 |autor=Karl Knauß|band=3|spalten=1020-1095}}
* Manfred Kühn: ''Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Beck, München 2004, ISBN 3-406-50918-5.
* [[Wolfgang Ritzel]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-11-010634-5.
* [[Uwe Schultz]]: ''Immanuel Kant in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.'' Erweiterte Neuauflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-499-50659-9.
* [[Karl Vorländer]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/vorlaender-kant.html Immanuel Kant. Der Mann und das Werk].'' Meiner, Leipzig 1924. (3., erweiterte Auflage, Meiner, Hamburg 1992; Reprint: Fourier, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-932412-18-4)
=== Generalitates ===
* [[Josef Bohatec]]: ''Die Religionsphilosophie Kants in der Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer theologisch-dogmatischen Quellen.'' Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1938. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1966)
* [[Ernst Cassirer]]: ''[http://www.archive.org/details/kantslebenundleh00cassuoft Kants Leben und Lehre].'' Berlin 1921. (Band 8 der ''Gesammelten Werke.'') Meiner, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7873-1408-3.
* [[Wolfgang Carl]]: ''Die transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-465-02532-6.
* [[Wolfgang Deppert]]: ''ZEIT – Die Begründung des Zeitbegriffs, seine notwendige Spaltung und der ganzheitliche Charakter seiner Teile.'' nz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-515-05219-4, S. 35–79
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Individualistische Wirtschaftsethik.'' Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-03585-3.
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Theorie der Wissenschaft.'' 4 Bände, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, ISBN 978-3658151232.
* [[Farah Dustdar]]: ''Vom Mikropluralismus zu einem makropluralistischen Politikmodell. Kants wertgebundener Liberalismus'' (= ''[[Beiträge zur politischen Wissenschaft]].'' Band 115). Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-09997-4.
* [[Julius Ebbinghaus]]: ''Gesammelte Aufsätze, Vorträge und Reden.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1968 (enthält die wichtigsten Aufsätze Ebbinghaus’ zu Kants theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie).
* [[Norbert Fischer (Philosoph)|Norbert Fischer]] (Hrsg.): ''Kant und der Katholizismus – Stationen einer wechselhaften Geschichte.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-28507-3.
* Norbert Fischer, [[Maximilian Forschner]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Gottesfrage in der Philosophie Immanuel Kants.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-30135-3.
* [[Volker Gerhardt]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Vernunft und Leben.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-018235-2.
* {{Literatur |Autor=Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Weber, Maja Schepelmann |Titel=Immanuel Kant 1724-2024: ein europäischer Denker|Verlag=De Gruyter Oldenbourg |Datum=2022 |Reihe=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa, 83 |ISBN=978-3-11-076281-5}}
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Wie ist Freiheit möglich? Eine Untersuchung über das Lösungspotenzial zum Determinismusproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Francke, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-7720-8360-0.
* Ina Goy: ''Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar, eine Lesart, eine historische Einordnung'' (= Kant-Studien, Ergänzunghefte, Bd. 190). de Gruyter, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-047110-6.
* Inan Goy (Hrsg.): ''Kant on proofs for God's existence.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-068890-0.
* Dietmar Heidemann, Kristina Engelhard (Hrsg.): ''Warum Kant heute? Systematische Bedeutung und Rezeption seiner Philosophie in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-11-017477-4.
* [[Otfried Höffe]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft.'' Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003576-5.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Königliche Völker. Zu Kants kosmopolitischer Rechts- und Friedenstheorie.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-518-29119-X.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Die Grundlegung der modernen Philosophie.'' Beck, München 2003, ISBN 3-406-50919-3.
* Dieter Hüning, Burkhard Tuschling (Hrsg.): ''Recht, Staat und Völkerrecht bei Immanuel Kant. Marburger Tagung zu Kants „Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Rechtslehre“.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-428-09602-9.
* [[Karl Jaspers]]: ''Kant. Leben, Werke, Wirkung.'' Piper, München 1975, ISBN 3-492-00424-5.
* [[Wolfgang Kersting]]: ''Wohlgeordnete Freiheit. Immanuel Kants Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie.'' 3., erweiterte und bearbeitete Auflage. Mentis-Verlag, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-89785-587-8.
* Nikolai F. Klimmek: ''Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen'' (= ''Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte.'' Band 147). De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-11-018349-8.
* [[Rudolf Langthaler]] und Magnus Striet: ''Vernunftreligion statt Kirchenglaube? Kants unerledigte Anfragen an die Theologie''. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2024, ISBN 978-3-451-02413-9.
* Darius Koriako: ''Kants Philosophie der Mathematik. Grundlagen – Voraussetzungen – Probleme.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7873-1429-6.
* Günter Lottes, Uwe Steiner (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant. German Professor and World-Philosopher. Deutscher Professor und Weltphilosoph.'' Wehrhahn, Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-86525-214-2.
* [[Werner Moskopp]]: ''Struktur und Dynamik in Kants Kritiken. Kantstudien Ergänzungshefte.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-021232-7.
* Roland Mugerauer: ''Immanuel Kants transzendentaler Kritizismus und die Frage nach Gott: eine orientierende Skizze.'' Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, Baden-Baden 2021, ISBN 978-3-8288-4711-8.
* Robert Nehring: ''Kritik des Common Sense: Gesunder Menschenverstand, reflektierende Urteilskraft und Gemeinsinn – der Sensus communis bei Kant.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-13161-7.
* [[Günther Patzig]]: ''Wie sind synthetische Urteile a priori möglich?'' In: Josef Speck (Hrsg.): ''Grundprobleme der großen Philosophen. Philosophie der Neuzeit II.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-03306-0.
* Jannis Pissis: ''Kants transzendentale Dialektik.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-028156-9.
* [[Hermann Schmitz (Philosoph)|Hermann Schmitz]]: ''Was wollte Kant?'' Bouvier, Bonn 1989, ISBN 3-416-02178-9.
* Jürgen Stolzenberg (Hrsg.): ''Kant in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017529-5.
* [[Dieter Sturma]], Karl Ameriks (Hrsg.): ''Kants Ethik.'' Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-89785-308-6.
* [[Werner Thiede]] (Hrsg.): ''Glauben aus eigener Vernunft? Kants Religionsphilosophie und die Theologie.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-56703-0.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]]: Kant: Die Revolution des Denkens. C. H. Beck, München 2023, ISBN 3-406-80743-7
=== Critica ===
* [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]]: ''Kritik der theoretischen Philosophie,'' Band [https://books.google.de/books?id=sAUHAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 1] und [https://books.google.de/books?id=Is8AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 2], Hamburg 1801 (als Kommentar zur ''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'' angelegt; Kritik vom Standpunkt des britischen Empirismus).
* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]: ''[http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schopenhauer,+Arthur/Die+Welt+als+Wille+und+Vorstellung/Erster+Band/Anhang.+Kritik+der+Kantischen+Philosophie Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie].'' In: ''[[Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]].'' (Erster Band. Anhang)
* [[Broder Christiansen]]: ''Kantkritik. 1. Teil. Kritik der kantischen Erkenntnislehre.'' Clauss und Feddersen, Hanau 1911.
* Bernward Gesang (Hrsg.): ''Kants vergessener Rezensent. Die Kritik der theoretischen und praktischen Philosophie Kants in fünf frühen Rezensionen von [[Hermann Andreas Pistorius]].'' In: ''Kant-Forschungen.'' Bd. 18, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7873-1823-0, S. XI ([http://books.google.de/books?id=ZvhA6H7a2j8C&pg=PR11 Digitalisat]).
* [[Otto Willmann]]: ''Geschichte des Idealismus, Band 3: Der Idealismus der Neuzeit.'' Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-03710-7 (Darin insbesondere: Kapitel XV: ''Die Subjektivierung des Idealen durch Kants Autonomismus'').
* [[Engelbert Recktenwald]]: ''Gott, Freiheit und moralisches Gesetz. Kritische Untersuchungen zur Ethik Kants''. Verlag Karl Alber, Baden-Baden 2025, ISBN 978-3-495-98957-9.
=== Opus postumum ===
* [[Erich Adickes]]: ''Kants Opus postumum dargestellt und beurteilt.'' Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1920 (Kant-Studien. Ergänzungshefte; Nr. 50).
* [[Kurt Hübner (Philosoph)|Kurt Hübner]]: ''Leib und Erfahrung in Kants Opus postumum.'' In: Gerold Prauss (Hrsg.): ''Kant: Zur Deutung seiner Theorie von Erkennen und Handeln.'' Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 1973, ISBN 3-462-00962-1, S. 192–204.
* Dina Emundts: ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im „Opus postumum“. Zur Rolle des Nachlasswerkes für die Grundlegung der empirischen Physik'' (= ''Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie.'' Band 62). De Gruyter, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-11-018052-9.
=== Instrumentos auxiliare ===
* [[Rudolf Eisler (Philosoph)|Rudolf Eisler]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/kant-lexikon.html Kant-Lexikon. Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlaß].'' Berlin 1930. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1984, ISBN 3-487-00744-4)
* [[Heinz Heimsoeth]]: ''Astronomisches und Theologisches in Kants Weltverständnis'' (= ''Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz.'' Jahrgang 1963, Nr. 9).
* [[Gerd Irrlitz]]: ''Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01234-4.
* ''Kant im Kontext.'' III: ''Werke, Briefwechsel, Nachlass und Vorlesungen auf CD-ROM.'' Komplettausgabe 2007 von Immanuel Kant. InfoSoftWare, ISBN 978-3-932094-29-3. (2., erw. Auflage. 2009)
* [[Rudolf Malter]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant in Rede und Gespräch.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7873-1382-6.
* [[Carl Christian Erhard Schmid]]: ''Wörterbuch zum leichtern Gebrauch der Kantischen Schriften.'' 4. Auflage Jena 1798 [http://books.google.de/books?id=3_YGAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Carl+Christian+Erhard+Schmid%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6v4sUdiSOYTk4QTy8oA4&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false (Google)]
* ''Immanuel Kant: Die drei Kritiken in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Gesamtwerk.'' Mit einem verbindenden Text zusammengefasst von Raymund Schmidt. Leipzig 1933.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]], Jürgen Stolzenberg, [[Georg Mohr (Philosoph)|Georg Mohr]], Stefano Bacin (Hrsg.): ''Kant-Lexikon.'' 3 Bände. De Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-017259-1.
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[[Categoria:Philosophos]]
[[Categoria:Gente german]]
[[Categoria:Philosophos politic]]
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'''Immanuel Kant'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|k|æ|n|t}},<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223061940/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kant |date=23 February 2026 }}. ''[[Collins English Dictionary|Dictionario anglese de Collins]]''.</ref><ref>[[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant "Kant"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141023143832/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kant |date=23 October 2014 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary|Dictionario non-abbreviate de anglese de Random House Webster]]''.</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|k|ɑː|n|t}};<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref><ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant|lang}}<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|title=Immanuel|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 December 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055817/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Immanuel_maennlicher_Vorname|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|title=Kant|work=[[Duden]]|access-date=20 October 2018|language=de|archive-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020182053/https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kant|url-status=live}}</ref>}} (nasceva como '''Emanuel Kant'''; 22 april 1724 – 12 februario 1804) esseva un [[philosopho]] german. Nascite in [[Königsberg]] in le [[Regno de Prussia]], ille es considerate un del pensatores central del [[Illuminismo]]. Su obras comprehensive e systematic in [[epistemologia]], [[metaphysica]], [[logica]], [[ethica]], [[esthetica]], [[theoria politic]], e le [[philosophia del religion]] ha facite de ille un del figuras le plus influente e le plus discutite del [[philosophia occidental]] moderne.
Le philosophia de Kant es centrate super le subjecto human e motivate per le desiro de assecurar le possibilitate tanto del cognoscentia como del moralitate contra le menacias del [[scepticismo]] e del [[determinismo]]. In le ''[[Critica del ration pur|Critica del Ration Pur]]'' (1781/1787), Kant argumenta in favor de [[idealismo transcendental]], le doctrina que [[spatio]] e [[tempore]] es solmente "formas de [[Anschauung|intuition]]" ({{Langx|de|[[Anschauung]]|links=no}}) que structura tote le [[experientia]] e que nos ha cognoscentia solmente del "apparentias" e non del natura de [[Cosa in se|cosas in se mesme]]. Kant faceva un parallel con le [[Revolution copernican|Revolution copernican]] in su proposition de considerar le objectos del experientia como conforme al formas spatial e temporal de [[Anschauung|intuition]] del personas e al [[Categoria (Kant)|categorias]] del intellecto, in loco del methodo traditional de monstrar como le mente poterea conformar se a su objectos.
Kant credeva que le [[ration]] es le fonte del [[moralitate]] e que le [[imperativo categoric]] obliga tote agentes rational. Il credeva que le esthetica nasce de un facultate de judicio disinteressate. Kant sperava que le [[pace]] perpetue poterea esser assecurate per medio de un [[federation]] international de statos [[republicanismo|republican]] e per le [[multilateralismo|cooperation international]]. Kant credeva que le religion ver es fundate super le moralitate. Le natura exacte de su conceptiones religiose es un question disputate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pasternack |first=Lawrence |date=March 2020 |title=On the Alleged Augustinianism in Kant’s Religion |url=[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/kantian-review/article/abs/on-the-alleged-augustinianism-in-kants-religion/FE116D6118D49612EF6F3C4181EF2A74] |journal=Kantian Review |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=103–124 |doi=10.1017/S1369415419000487 |issn=1369-4154}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palmquist |first=Stephen |last2=The Society of Christian Philosophers |date=1989 |title=Immanuel Kant: A Christian Philosopher? |url=https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol6/iss1/5|journal=Faith and Philosophy |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.5840/faithphil1989619 |issn=0739-7046}}</ref>
==Prime annos de vita==
Immanuel Kant nasceva le 22 april 1724 in un familia german prussian de fide [[Lutheranismo|lutheran]] in [[Königsberg]] in [[Prussia Oriental]] (hodie [[Oblast de Kaliningrad]], Russia). Su matre, Anna Regina Reuter, nasceva in Königsberg de un patre originari de [[Nuremberg]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |title=Cosmopolis |website=Koenigsberg-is-dead.de |date=23 April 2001 |access-date=24 July 2009 |archive-date=22 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322094741/http://www.koenigsberg-is-dead.de/I_Cosmopolis.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Su supernomine es a vices erroneemente date como Porter. Le patre de Kant, Johann Georg Kant, esseva un fabricante german de harneses originari de [[Klaipėda|Memel]],{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} al tempore le citate le plus nord-oriental de Prussia (hodie Klaipėda, Lituania). Kant credeva que su familia esseva de origine scotic, ben que isto non ha essite verificate per recerca genealogic.<ref>R. K. Murray, "The Origin of Immanuel Kant's Family Name", ''Kantian Review'' '''13'''(1), March 2008, pp. 190–193.</ref>
Kant esseva baptisate como Emanuel, cambiante le orthographia de su nomine a Immanuel post haber apprendite le [[lingua hebraic|hebraico]].{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=26}} Il esseva le quarto de novem filios (sex del qual attingeva le etate adulte).<ref>{{cite web |last=Haupt |first=Viktor |title=Rede des Bohnenkönigs – Von Petersburg bis Panama – Die Genealogie der Familie Kant |url=https://www.freunde-kants.com/kopie-von-kant-war-ostpreusse-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2015 |website=freunde-kants.com |page=7 |language=de |accessdate=25 August 2026 |archivedate=25 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124214/http://www.freunde-kants.com/attachments/article/137/Bohnenrede%202015%20%28de%29.pdf }}</ref> Le familia Kant accentuava le valores [[Pietismo|pietistic]] de devotion religiose, humilitate, e un interpretation literal del [[Biblia]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Pasternack |first1=Lawrence |title=Kant's Philosophy of Religion |date=2020 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/kant-religion/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Spring 2020 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=25 February 2021 |last2=Fugate |first2=Courtney}}</ref> Le education initial de Immanuel Kant esseva stricte, punitive e multo disciplinate, con emphase super le [[latino]] e le [[instruction religiose]] plus tosto que super mathematica e scientia.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=47}}
In su annos posterior, Kant viveva un vita strictemente ordinate. On diceva que le vicinos poteva regular lor horologios sur su promenadas quotidian.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=14}} Kant considerava le matrimonio duo vices, primo con un vidua e pois con un femina de [[Westphalia]], ma in ambes occasiones ille expectava troppo longe.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=177}} Ben que ille nunquam se maritava, ille habeva totevia un vita social satisfaciente; ille esseva un docente popular e un autor modestemente prospere, mesmo ante de comenciar su obras philosophic major.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=169}}
===Studente juvene===
Kant demonstrava un aptitude precoce pro le studio. Il frequentava primo le [[Collegium Fridericianum]] (alora dirigite per [[Franz Albert Schultz]]), del qual il se diplomava al fin del estate de 1740. In 1740, a etate de 16 annos, il se inscribeva al [[Universitate de Königsberg]], ubi il remanerea plus tarde pro le resto de su vita professional.<ref>''Le American International Encyclopedia'' (New York: J.J. Little & Ives, 1954), Vol. IX.</ref> Il studiava le philosophia de [[Gottfried Leibniz]] e [[Christian Wolff (philosopho)|Christian Wolff]] sub [[Martin Knutzen]] (professor associate de Logica e Metaphysica ab 1734 usque a su morte in 1751), un [[rationalismo|rationalista]] qui esseva etiam familiar con le progressos in le philosophia e le scientia britannic e introduceva Kant al nove physica mathematic de [[Isaac Newton]]. Knutzen dissuadeva Kant del theoria del [[harmonia pre-stabilite]], quam ille considerava como "le cossino del mente pigre".<ref>{{cite book|title=Que le Testudo nos inseniava: Le historia del philosophia|url=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port|url-access=limited|last=Porter|first=Burton|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2010|page=https://archive.org/details/whattortoisetaug00port/page/n145 133]}}</ref> Il dissuadeva etiam Kant del [[idealismo]], le idea que le realitate es purmente mental, un conception que le majoritate del philosophos del XVIIIe seculo considerava negativemente. Le theoria del [[idealismo transcendental]] que Kant includerea plus tarde in le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' esseva sviluppate partialmente in opposition al idealismo traditional. Kant habeva contactos con studentes, collegas, amicos e commensales qui frequentava le [[loge masonic]] local.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|title=Le francmasones in le Antique Prussia 1738–1806|language=de|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201119104900/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/9c2c6b4d-7481-4e73-b443-bf29054680c2/497779.pdf|archive-date=19 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Su principal [[editor]], [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]], esseva etiam un francmason.<ref name="buch-VlOi7fetEkAC-1044">Erich Donnert, ''Europa in le prime epocha moderne: Fontes incognite. Essays super le evolution, le precursores, le limites e le continuation del epocha moderne in e circa Europa. Indices del contento del volumines 1–6. Indice de personas del volumines 1–7.'' Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar 1997, ISBN 978-3-412-10702-4, p. 1044. [[https://books.google.de/books?id=VlOi7fetEkAC&pg=PA1044#v=onepage Google Books]</ref>
Le accidente vascular cerebral de su patre e su morte subsequente in 1746 interrumpeva su studios. Kant quitava Königsberg poco post augusto 1748;{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=94}} il retornava ibi in augusto 1754.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|p=98}} Il deveniva un tutor private in le citates circum Königsberg, ma continuava su recerca erudite. In 1749, il publicava su prime obra philosophic, ''[[Pensamentos super le ver estimation del vires vivente]]'' (scribite in 1745–1747).<ref>[[Eric Watkins (philosopho)|Eric Watkins]] (ed.), ''Immanuel Kant: Scientia natural'', Cambridge University Press, 2012: [http://assets.cambridge.org/97805213/63945/excerpt/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf "Pensamentos super le ver estimation..."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307213516/http://assets.cambridge.org/9780521363945_excerpt.pdf |date=7 martio 2016 }}.</ref>
Durante le occupation russe de Königsberg durante le [[Guerra de Septem Annos]] (1758–1762), le situation financiari de Kant se meliorava, proque ille obteneva un numero de assignationes ben pagate como tutor ab officiales militar e administratores civil russe stationate in le citate. In decembre 1758, post le morte de Johann David Kypke, Kant faceva un petition al imperatrice [[Elisabeth de Russia|Elisabeth]] pro esser nominate al cathedra vacante de logica e metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg, ma le position esseva attribuite a un altere candidato.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kuehn |first=Manfred |title=Kant: Un biographia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |pages=118–122}}</ref>
== Obra precoce ==
Kant es meliormente cognoscite pro su obras in le philosophia del etica e metaphysica, ma ille etiam contribueva significantemente a altere disciplinas. In 1754, durante que ille considerava un question pro un premio del [[Academia de Scientias de Prussia|Academia de Berlin]] concernente le problema del rotation del Terra, ille argumentava que le gravitation del Luna ralentisarea le rotation terrestre. Ille etiam proponeva le argumento que le gravitation eventualmente causarea que le [[blocage tidal|blocation tidal]] del [[Luna]] [[resonantia orbital|coincider]] con le rotation del Terra.{{efn|Kant ipse pare haber considerate su contribution non assatis importante pro publicar su argumentos in un commentario de jornal super le question del premio, e ille non los submitteva al Academia: {{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54018/page/n113/mode/2up|chapter=Si le Terra ha subite un alteration de su rotation axial|title=Le cosmogonia de Kant|translator-last=Hastie|translator-first=William|location=Glasgow|publisher=James Maclehose|orig-date=1754|year=1900|pages=1–11|access-date=29 martio 2022}}. Le premio esseva in vice attribuite in 1756 a P. Frisi, qui incorrectemente argumentava contra le ralentissement del rotation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schönfeld |first=Martin |title=Le philosophia del juvene Kant: Le projecto precritic|publisher=Oxford University Press |page=84 |isbn=978-0195132182 |year=2000 }}</ref>}}<ref name="nebulous">{{cite book|last=Brush|first=Stephen G.|title=Un historia del physica planetari moderne: Terra nebulose|year=2014|isbn=978-0521441711|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7 7]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernp0000brus/page/7}}</ref> Le anno sequente, ille extendeva iste ratiocinio al [[formation e evolution del Systema Solar]] in su ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]''.<ref name="nebulous"/> In 1755, Kant recipeva un licentia pro docer al Universitate de Königsberg e comenciava a dar cursos super un varietate de themas, includente mathematica, physica, logica e metaphysica. In su essayo de 1756 super le theoria del ventos ("Nove remarcas pro un elucidation del theoria del ventos"), Kant presentava un perception qualitative de lo que es ora appellate [[fortia de Coriolis]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |author-link=Immanuel Kant |editor-last=Watkins |editor-first=Eric |title=Kant: Scientia natural|chapter=Nove notas pro explicar le theoria del ventos, in le qual, al mesme tempore, ille invita al frequentation de su cursos (1756)|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |pages=374–385 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139014380.012}}</ref>
In 1756, Kant etiam publicava tres articulos super le [[terremoto de Lisboa de 1755]].<ref>Vide:
*Kant, I. (1756a) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=448 "Del causas del tremores terrestre al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente"] [Super le causas del terremotos al occasion del desastre que affligeva le regiones occidental de Europa verso le fin del anno precedente] In: Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academia Regal Prussian de Scientias), ed.s (1902) ''Le scriptos colligite de Kant'' [Le scriptos colligite de Kant] (in german) Berlin, Germania: G. Reimer. vol. 1, pp. 417–427.
*Kant, I. (1756b) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=460 "Historia e description natural del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra"] [Historia e description del natura del eventos le plus remarcabile del terremoto que al fin del anno 1755 faceva tremular un grande parte del Terra], ibid. pp. 429–461.
*Kant, I. (1756c) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001073880s;view=1up;seq=494 "Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le tremores terrestre observate desde alcun tempore"] [Continuation del consideration de Immanuel Kant super le terremotos que esseva sentite alcun tempore ante], ibid. pp. 463–472.
*Amador, Filomena (2004) "Le causas del terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 in Kant" In: Escribano Benito, J.J.; Español González, L.; Martínez García, M.A., ed.s. ''Actas del VIII Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas'' [Actas del Octave Congresso del Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas] (in anglese) Logroño, Espania: Societate Espaniol de Historia del Scientias e del Technicas (Universitate de la Rioja), vol. 2, pp. 485–495.</ref> Le theoria de Kant, que involveva alterationes in enorme cavernas plen de gases calide, ben que incorrecte, esseva un del prime tentativas systematic de explicar terremotos in terminos natural in vice de terminos supernatural. In 1757, Kant comenciava a dar cursos de geographia, faciente de ille un del prime professores a inseniar explicitemente le geographia como subjecto independente.<ref name="Richards-1974">{{Cite journal|last=Richards|first=Paul|date=1974|title=Le geographia e le cartas mental de Kant|journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers|issue=61|pages=1–16|doi=10.2307/621596|jstor=621596| issn=0020-2754 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elden|first=Stuart|date=2009|title=Reconsiderar le geographia de Kant|journal=Journal of Historical Geography|language=en|volume=35|issue=1|pages=3–25|doi=10.1016/j.jhg.2008.06.001|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|access-date=27 septembre 2019|archive-date=1 augusto 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801205430/http://dro.dur.ac.uk/6836/1/6836.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Geographia esseva un del themas de curso le plus popular de Kant, e in 1802, un compilation per Friedrich Theodor Rink del notas de su cursos, ''Geographia physica'', esseva publicate. Post que Kant deveniva professor in 1770, ille amplificava le themas de su cursos pro includer cursos super [[derecto natural]], ethica e [[anthropologia]], insimul con altere themas.<ref name="Richards-1974" />
[[File:Kant wohnhaus 2.jpg|thumb|Le casa de Kant in Königsberg in un pictura de 1842]]
In le ''Historia natural universal'', Kant exponeva le [[hypothese nebular]], in le qual ille deduceva que le [[Systema Solar]] se habeva formate ex un grande nube de gas, un [[nebula]]. Kant etiam deduceva correctemente que le [[Via Lactea]] esseva un [[galaxia|grande disco de stellas]], del qual ille theorisava que illo se habeva formate ex un nube de gas rotante multo plus grande. Ille suggereva in plus que altere "nebulas" distante poterea esser altere galaxias. Iste postulationes aperiva nove horizontes pro le astronomia, pro le prime vice extendente su dominio ultra le systema solar verso le mundos galactic e intergalactic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gamow|first=George|title=Un, duo, tres... Infinity|location=New York|publisher=Viking P.|date=1947|pages=300ff|title-link=Un, duo, tres... Infinity}}</ref>
De alora in ultra, Kant dedicava su effortios sempre plus al questiones philosophic, ben que ille continuava a scriber super le scientias durante tote su vita. Al initio del annos 1760, ille produceva un serie de obras importante in philosophia. ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'', un obra super logica, esseva publicate in 1762. Duo altere obras appareva le anno sequente: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' e ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]''. In 1764, Kant habeva devenite un autor popular notabile, e scribeva ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime e altere scriptos|publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref>; ille esseva secunde a [[Moses Mendelssohn]] in un competition pro le premio del Academia de Berlin con su ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (often appellate "Le essay pro le premio"). In 1766, Kant scribeva un obra critic super ''Dreams of a Spirit-Seer'' de [[Emanuel Swedenborg]].
In 1770, Kant esseva nominate Professor Plen de Logica e Metaphysica al Universitate de Königsberg. Pro defender iste nomination, Kant scribeva su [[dissertation inaugural]] ''Super le forma e le principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile''.{{efn|Pois que ille habeva scribite su ultime [[thesis de habilitation]] 14 annos ante, un nove thesis de habilitation esseva requirite (vide S. J. McGrath, Joseph Carew (eds.), ''Reconsiderar le idealismo german'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, p. 24).}} Iste obra marcava le apparition de plure themas central de su obra matur, includente le distinction inter le facultates del pensamento intellectual e le receptivitate sensibile. Omitter iste distinction significarea committer le error de [[subreption]], e, como ille dice in le ultime capitulo del dissertation, solmente evitante iste error pote le metaphysica prosperar.
Ben que il es ver que Kant scribeva su maxime obras relativemente tarde in su vita, il existe un tendentia a subestimar le valor de su obras plus juvene. Le investigationes recente super Kant ha dedicate plus attention al iste scriptos "pre-critic", e ha recognoscite un certe grado de continuitate con su obra matur.<ref>Cf., per exemplo, Susan Shell, ''Le incarnation del ration'' (Chicago, 1996)</ref>
===Publication del ''Critica del Ration Pur''===
{{AP|Critica del Ration Pur}}
[[File:Painting of David Hume.jpg|thumb|Le philosophe [[David Hume]] per [[Allan Ramsay (artist)|Allan Ramsay]]]]
A etate 46, Kant esseva un erudito establite e un philosopho de influentia crescente, e multo esseva expectate de ille. In correspondentia con su ex-studente e amico [[Markus Herz]], Kant admitteva que, in le dissertation inaugural, ille habeva fallite explicar le relation inter nostre facultates sensibile e intellectual.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watkins|first=Erik|title=Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: Background Source Materials|url=https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0521781626|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantscritiqueofp0000unse_a3l2/page/276 276]}}</ref> Ille debeva explicar como nos combina lo que es cognoscite como cognition sensorial con le altere typo de cognition —id es, cognition rational— iste duo essente relationate ma habente processos multo differente. Kant attribueva etiam a [[David Hume]] le facto de haber le eveliate de un "{{vanchor|somno dogmatic}}" in le qual ille habeva acceptate sin questionar le principios de religiose e de [[natural philosophy|philosophia natural]].<ref name="Smith-1952"><nowiki>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Homer W.|url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit|title=Man) and His Gods|location=New York|publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]]|year=1952|page=[[https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404](https://archive.org/details/manhisgods00smit/page/404<nowiki>) 404]|author-link=Homer W. Smith|url-access=registration}}</nowiki></ref><ref>Kant, ''PFM'' 4:260</ref> Hume, in su ''[[Treatise on Human Nature]]'' de 1739, habeva argumentate que le personas cognosce le mente solmente per un serie subjective, essentialmente illusori, de perceptiones. Ideas como [[causalitate]], [[moralitate]] e [[Objecto (philosophia)|objectos]] non es evidente in le experientia, dunque lor realitate pote esser questionate. Kant pensava que le ration poteva remover iste scepticismo, e ille se proponeva resolver iste problemas. Ben que amante del compania e conversation con alteres, Kant se isolava e resisteva al tentativas de su amicos de retirar le de su isolation.{{efn|In 1778, in responsa a un de iste propositiones per un ex-discipulo, Kant scribeva: "Cata cambiamento me rende apprehensive, mesmo si illo offere le plus grande promissa de meliorar mi condition, e io es persuadite per iste instincto natural mie que io debe esser prudente si io vole que le filos que le Destino fila assi tenue e debile in mi caso continua a esser filate durante alicun longor. Mi grande gratias a mi benvolentes e amicos, qui pensa de me con tanta benevolentia que illes se occupa de mi benesser, ma al mesme tempore un requesta multo humile de proteger me in mi condition actual contra omne perturbation." <ref>Christopher Kul-Want and Andrzej Klimowski, ''Introducing Kant'' (Cambridge: Icon Books, 2005). {{ISBN|978-1840466645}}</ref>}} Quando Kant emergeva de su silentio in 1781, le resultato esseva le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', imprimite per [[Johann Friedrich Hartknoch]]. Kant respondeva al [[empiricismo]] de Hume affirmante que alcun cognition existe inherentemente in le mente, independente del experientia.<ref name="Smith-1952" /> Ille traheva un parallel con le [[Revolution Copernican]] in su proposition que le objectos del mundo pote esser intuite ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'', e que le [[Anschauung|intuition]] es consequentemente distincte del [[Objectivitate (philosophia)|realitate objective]]. Forsan le question le plus directemente disputate esseva le argumento de Hume contra omne connexion necessari inter eventos causales, que Hume characterizava como le "cemento del universo". In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant argumenta in favor de lo que ille considera le justification ''a priori'' de tal connexion necessari.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A188-211/B233-56</ref>
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Johann Christoph Frisch.jpg|left|thumb|Portraito de Kant per [[Johann Christoph Frisch]], post Johann Gottlieb Becker, {{circa|1770}}]]
Ben que hodie recognoscite como un del maximo grande obras in le historia del philosophia, le ''Critique'' disappunctava le lectores de Kant al momento de su publication initial.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dorrien|first=Gary|title=Kantian Reason and Hegelian Spirit: The Idealistic Logic of Modern Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|isbn=978-0470673317|location=Malden, MA|page=[https://archive.org/details/kantianreasonheg0000dorr/page/37 37]}}</ref> Le libro esseva longe, con plus de 800 paginas in le edition original in germano, e scribite in un stilo complicate. Kant esseva multo contristate per su reception.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=250–254}} Su ex-studente [[Johann Gottfried Herder]] criticava le obra pro poner le ration como un entitate digne de critica per se, in vice de considerar le processo de ratiocinio in le contexto del linguage e del personalitate integre de un persona.<ref>[[Frederick Copleston|Copleston, Frederick Charles]] (2003). ''The Enlightenment: Voltaire to Kant''. p. 146.</ref> Simile a [[Christian Garve]] e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Johann Georg Heinrich Feder]], ille rejectava le position de Kant que spatio e tempore possede un forma que pote esser analysate. Garve e [[Johann Georg Heinrich Feder|Feder]] etiam criticava le ''Critique'' pro non explicar le differentias in le perception de sensationes.<ref>Sassen, Brigitte. ''Kant's Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy''. 2000.</ref> Su densitate lo rendeva, como Herder diceva in un littera a [[Johann Georg Hamann]], un "nucleo dur a rumper", obscurate per "tote iste pesante tela de aranea".<ref>''Ein Jahrhundert deutscher Literaturkritik'', vol. III, ''Der Aufstieg zur Klassik in der Kritik der Zeit'' (Berlin, 1959), p. 315; as quoted in Gulyga, Arsenij. ''Immanuel Kant: His Life and Thought''. Trans. Marijan Despaltović. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1987.</ref> Su reception contrastava fortemente con le laudes que Kant habeva recipite pro obras anterior, como su ''Essay del Premio'' e le obras plus breve que precedeva le prime ''Critique''. Recognoscente le necessitate de clarificar le tractato original, Kant scribeva le ''[[Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics]]'' in 1783 como un summario de su opiniones principal. Poco postea, le amico de Kant [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]] (1739–1805), un professor de mathematica, publicava ''Explicationes del Professor Kant super le Critique del Ration Pura'' (Königsberg, 1784), que esseva un breve ma multo exacte commentario super le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant.{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=268–269}}
Le reputation de Kant cresceva gradualmente durante le ultime parte del decennio 1780, stimulate per un serie de obras importante: le essay de 1784, "[[Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?]]"; le ''[[Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals]]'' de 1785 (su prime obra super philosophia moral); e le ''[[Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science]]'' de 1786. Le fama de Kant finalmente veniva de un fonte inesperate. In 1786, [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]] publicava un serie de litteras public super le philosophia kantian. In iste litteras, Reinhold presentava le philosophia de Kant como un responsa al controverse intellectual central del epocha: le [[controversia del pantheismo]]. [[Friedrich Jacobi]] habeva accusate le recentemente defuncte [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]] (un distinguite dramaturgo e essayista philosophic) de [[Spinozism]]. Un tal accusation, equivalente a un accusation de atheismo, esseva energicamente negate per le amico de Lessing, [[Moses Mendelssohn]], e isto conduceva a un dispute public acerbe inter partisanos. Le controversia gradualmente se transformava in un debatto super le valores del [[Illuminismo]] e le valor del ration. Reinhold manteneva in su litteras que le ''Critica del Ration Pur'' de Kant poteva resolver iste disputa per defender le autoritate e le limites del ration. Le litteras de Reinhold esseva multo legite e faceva de Kant le philosopho le plus famose de su epocha.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Guyer|first=Paul|title=The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0521823036|location=Cambridge, UK|page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_h4p5/page/631 631]}}</ref>
== Opera posterior ==
Kant publicava un secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' in 1787, profundemente revidente le prime partes del libro. Le major parte de su obra subsequente se concentrava super altere areas del philosophia. Il continuava a disveloppar su philosophia moral, specialmente in le ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' de 1788 (cognoscite como le secunde ''Critica''), e le ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' de 1797. Le ''[[Critica del potentia del judicio]]'' de 1790 (le tertie ''Critica'') applicava le systema kantian al [[esthetica]] e al [[teleologia]]. In 1792, le tentativa de Kant de publicar le Secunde del quatro partes de ''[[Religion intra le limites del simple ration]]'',<ref name="KReligion">Werner S. Pluhar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Religion intra le limites del simple ration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304020309/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 |date=4 martio 2020 }}''. 2009. [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC Description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201192948/https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Within_the_Bounds_of_Bare_Reaso.html%3Fid%3Dda8RrM-qkiwC |date=1 februario 2020 }} & [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR7 Contento.] Con un [https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803085237/https://books.google.com/books?id=da8RrM-qkiwC&pg=PR15 |date=3 augusto 2020 }} de Stephen Palmquist. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company,</ref> in le revista ''Berlinische Monatsschrift'', incontrava opposition del [[Frederico Gulielmo II de Prussia|rege]] [[censura|commission de censura]], que habeva essite establite le mesme anno in le contexto del [[Revolution francese]]. Kant arrangiava alora que le quatro partes esseva publicate como un libro, transmittente lo per le departamento de philosophia del [[Universitate de Jena]] pro evitar le necessitate de censura theologic. Iste insubordination valeva a ille un reprimenda, ora famose, del rege. Quando ille nihilominus publicava un secunde edition in 1794, le censor esseva tanto irate que ille arrangiava un decreto royal que exigeva que Kant nunquam plus publicava ni parlava publicamente super religion. Kant publicava alora su responsa al reprimenda del rege e explicava se mesme in le prefacio de ''[[Le conflicto del facultates]]'' (1798).
[[File:Kant doerstling2.jpg|thumb|Kant con amicos, includente [[Christian Jakob Kraus]], [[Johann Georg Hamann]], [[Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel le Senior|Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel]], e [[Karl Gottfried Hagen]]]]
Il etiam scribeva un numero de essayos semi-popular super historia, religion, politica, e altere themas. Iste obras esseva ben recipite per le contemporaneos de Kant e confirmava su stato preeminente in le philosophia del [[seculo XVIII]]. Il habeva plure revistas dedicate exclusivemente a defender e criticar le philosophia kantian. Nonobstante su successo, le tendentias philosophic se moveva in un altere direction. Plure del discipulos e sequaces le plus importante de Kant (includente [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], [[Jakob Sigismund Beck]], e [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]]) transformava le position kantian. Le etapas progressive del revision del doctrinas de Kant marcava le emergentia del [[idealismo german]]. In un de su ultime actos in explication de un position super questiones philosophic, Kant se opponeva a iste disveloppamentos e denunciava publicamente Fichte in un carta aperte in 1799.<ref name="Fichte">{{cite web|url=http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|title=Carta aperte de Kant denuncianti le philosophia de Fichte|language=de|website=Korpora.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719150635/http://www.korpora.org/Kant/aa12/370.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1800, un studente de Kant nominate Gottlob Benjamin Jäsche (1762–1842) publicava un manual de [[logica]] pro docentes appellate ''[[Logica]]'', que ille habeva preparate al demanda de Kant. Jäsche preparava le ''Logica'' usante un copia de un manual de logica de [[Georg Friedrich Meier]] appellate ''[[Excerption del doctrina del ration]]'', in le qual Kant habeva scribite copiose notas e annotationes. Le ''Logica'' ha essite considerate de importantia fundamental pro le philosophia de Kant e pro su comprehension. Le grande logico del [[seculo XIX]] [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] remarcat, in un recension incomplete del traduction anglese de Thomas Kingsmill Abbott del introduction al ''Logica'', que "tote le philosophia de Kant gira circa su logica."<ref>Peirce, C.S., ''[[Collecte de documentos de Charles Sanders Peirce]]'', v. 1, (HUP, 1960), 'Kant e su refutation del idealismo' p. 15
</ref> De plus, [[Robert S. Hartman]] e Wolfgang Schwarz scribeva in le introduction del traductores a lor traduction anglese del ''Logica'': "Su importantia reside non solmente in su signification pro le ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'', cuje secunde parte es un reformulation de principios fundamental del ''[[Logica]]'', ma etiam in su position intra le totalitate del obra de Kant."<ref>Kant, Immanuel, ''[[Logica]]'', G.B. Jäsche (ed.), R.S. Hartman, W. Schwarz (traductores), Indianapolis, 1984, p. xv.</ref>
== Morte e sepultura ==
Le salute de Kant, sempre precari, se deteriorava. Il moriva in Königsberg le 12 februario 1804, habeva pronunciate ''Es ist gut'' ("Es es bon") ante su morte.<ref>Karl Vorländer, ''Immanuel Kant: Der Mann und das Werk'', Hamburg: Meiner, 1992, p. II 332.</ref> Su ultime obra incomplite esseva publicate como ''[[Opus Postume]]''. Kant faceva sempre un figura curioso durante su vita per su habitos modeste e rigorosemente planificate, que esseva describite como regular como un horologio. [[Heinrich Heine]] observava le magnitude de su "pensamentos destructive, que fracassava le mundo" e le considerava un sorta de "executionator" philosophic, comparante le con [[Maximilien Robespierre]] con le observation que ambe "representava al plus alte grado le typo del burgese provincial. Natura los habeva destinate a pesar caffe e zucchero, ma le Fato determinava que illes deberea pesar altere cosas e poneva sur le balancia de un un rege, e sur le balancia del altere un deo."<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |title=Heine sur Immanuel Kant |access-date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20151123060538/http://philosophy.uchicago.edu/resources/files/On%20Kant.pdf) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Quando su corpore esseva transferite a un nove loco de sepultura, su cranio esseva mesurate durante le exhumation e trovate esser plus grande que le medie del viros german, con un fronte "alte e large".<ref>''Examined Lives, From Socrates to Nietzsche'', James Miller p. 284</ref> Su fronte ha essite un objecto de interesse desde que illo deveniva ben cognoscite per su portraits: "In le portrait de Döbler e in le reproduction fidel, ben que expressionistic, de Kiefer, como etiam in multe altere portraits de Kant del fin del [[seculo XVIII]] e del initio del [[seculo XIX]], le fronte es remarquabilemente grande e decidite in retro."<ref>Immanuel Kant e le frontieras del historia del arte, Mark Cheetham, in ''Le subjectos del historia del arte: objectos historic in perspectivas contemporanee'', p. 16</ref>
[[File:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img05 Kant Island.jpg|upright|thumb|Le tumba de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia]]
Le [[mausoleo]] de Kant adjunge le angulo nord-est del [[Catedral de Königsberg]] in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Le mausoleo esseva construite per le architecto [[Friedrich Lahrs]] e completate in 1924, a tempore pro le bicentenario del nascentia de Kant. Originarimente, Kant esseva sepelite intra le cathedral, ma in 1880 su restos esseva transferite a un cappella [[neo-gothic]] adjacente al angulo nord-est del cathedral. Durante le annos, le cappella deveniva in mal stato e esseva demolite pro facer loco al mausoleo, que esseva construite in le mesme loco. Le tumba e su mausoleo es inter le poc artefactos del epocha german que esseva preservate per le [[Sovietes]] post que illes capturava le citate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar](http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|title=Resuscitar) Königsberg: un citate russe reguarda su radices german|last=Beyer|first=Susanne|date=25 July 2014|work=Spiegel Online|access-date=3 February 2018|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20180204192755/http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/architectural-competition-held-to-rebuild-koenigsberg-city-center-a-980260.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
In le [[seculo XXI]], multe nove maritos porta flores al mausoleo. Artefactos anteriormente possedite per Kant, cognoscite como ''Kantiana'', esseva includite in le [[Museo del citate de Königsberg]]; tamen, le museo esseva destruite durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]]. Un replica del statua de Kant que, durante le epocha german, stava ante le edificio principal del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], esseva donate per un entitate german al initio del annos 1990 e placiate in le mesme terreno. Post le [[Expulsion e fuga del germanos (1944–1950)|expulsion]] del population german de Königsberg al fin del Secunde Guerra Mundial, le Universitate de Königsberg, ubi Kant inseniava, esseva reimplaciate per le [[Universitate de Stato de Kaliningrad]] de lingua russe, que se appropriava del campus e del edificios supervivente. In 2005, le universitate esseva renominate [[Universitate de Stato Immanuel Kant de Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zieliński |first=Miłosz J. |date=2018 |title=Le futuro de Kant: Debattos super le identitate del Oblast de Kaliningrad |url=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305](https://www.jstor.org/stable/26644305) |journal=Slavic Review |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=937–956 |doi=10.1017/slr.2018.291 |jstor=26644305 |issn=0037-6779|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Le cambio de nomine, considerate un question cargate politic, a causa del sentimentos mixta del residentes super su passato german,<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2005 |title=Kaliningrad lotta con su hereditage german |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700](https://www.dw.com/en/kaliningrad-struggles-with-german-legacy/a-1635700) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=DW News }}</ref> esseva annunciate durante un ceremonia al qual assisteva le presidente russe [[Vladimir Putin]] e le cancellero german [[Gerhard Schröder]],<!--http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/33684/photos--><ref>{{cite news |last=Dempsey |first=Judy |date=1 July 2005 |title=Enclave russe arriva in un dispute diplomatic |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/world/europe/russian-enclave-lands-in-diplomatic-donnybrook.html) |access-date=23 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2005 |title=Iran como thema del reunion al Mar Baltic |url=[https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921](https://www.dw.com/en/iran-the-topic-in-baltic-sea-meeting/a-1637921) |access-date=23 April 2024 |agency=Agence-France Press|via=DW News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ypi |first=Lea |date=20 April 2024 |title=Kant e le argumento pro le pace |url=[https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07](https://www.ft.com/content/c7432bdc-3449-421e-8045-701ac16a3d07) |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766}}</ref> e le universitate formava un [[Societate Kantian]], dedicate al studio del [[kantianismo]]. In 2010, le universitate esseva ancora renominate [[Universitate Federal Baltic Immanuel Kant]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2010 |title=Decreto executive super le establimento del Universitate Immanuel Kant |url=[http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234](http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/9234)<!--http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/1131--> |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Presidente de Russia}}</ref>
== Philosophia<!--'Kantianism', 'Kantian', and 'Kantian philosophy' redirect here-->==
[[File:Immanuel Kant by Emanuel Bardou, view 2, Berlin, 1798, marble - Bode-Museum - DSC02884.JPG|thumb|Busto de Kant per [[Emanuel Bardou]], 1798]]
Como multe de su contemporaneos, Kant esseva profundemente impressionate per le progressos scientific facite per [[Isaac Newton|Sir Isaac Newton]] e alteres. Iste nove evidentia del potentia del ration human poneva in question pro multe personas le autoritate traditional del politica e religion. In particular, le vision mecanic moderne del mundo poneva in question le possibilitate mesme del moralitate; nam, si il non existe alcun agentia, il non pote haber responsabilitate.<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' Bxxviii–Bxxx</ref>{{sfn|di Giovanni|2005}}
Le objectivo del projecto critic de Kant es de assecurar le autonomia human, le base del religion e del moralitate, contra iste menacia del mechanismo — e de facer lo in un maniera que preserva le progressos del scientia moderne.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §2.1}} In le ''Critica del Ration Pura'', Kant summarisa su preoccupationes philosophic in le sequente tres questiones:
# Que pote io cognoscer?
# Que debe io facer?
# Que pote io sperar?<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A804–05/B833</ref>
Le ''[[Critica del Ration Pura]]'' se concentra super le prime question e aperi un spatio conceptual pro un responsa al secunde question. Illo argumenta que, ben que nos non pote strictemente ''saper'' que nos es libere, nos pote — e pro fines practic debe — ''pensar'' nos mesme como libere. In le proprie parolas de Kant: «Io debeva negar le cognoscentia pro facer loco al fide.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxxx</ref> Le philosophia moral de Kant es ulteriormente disveloppate in le ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', le ''[[Metaphysica del Moralia]]'', e le ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]''.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023}}
Le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del Potentia de Judicar]]'' sustene que nos pote rationalmente sperar le unitate harmoniose del dominios theoric e practic tractate in le prime duo ''Criticas'', sur le base de nostre experientia affective del beltate natural e, plus generalmente, del organisation [[Teleologia in biologia|teleologic]] del mundo natural.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=6–8}} In ''[[Religion intra le Limites del Simple Ration|Religion intra le Limites del Pura Ration]]'', Kant tenta completar su responsa al tertie question argumentante pro un forma rationalista de religion fundate super nostre vitas practic (i.e., moral).<ref>di Giovanni, George. (1996) "Translator's Introduction", In ''Religion and Rational Theology''. Cambridge University Press. p.49, citing Kant in correspondence with Stäudlin.</ref>
Iste obras omnes pone le [[subjecto (philosophia)|subjecto]] human active e rational al centro del mundos cognitive e moral. In breve, Kant argumenta que le [[mente]] mesme apporta necessariemente un contribution constitutive al [[cognition|cognoscentia]], que iste contribution es transcendental plus tosto que psychologic, e que ager autonomemente significa ager secundo principios moral rational.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020}}
=== Le projecto critic de Kant ===
{{vide etiam|Critica del Ration Pura}}
[[File:Kant017.jpg|thumb|Kant per [[Carle Vernet]]]]
Le ''Critica del Ration Pura'' de 1781 (revise in 1787) ha sovente essite citate como le obra le plus significative de metaphysica e [[epistemologia]] in le philosophia moderne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohlf |first=Michael |title=Immanuel Kant |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191114014720/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ |archive-date=14 November 2019 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=[[Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford]]}}</ref> In le prime ''Critica'', e etiam in obras posterior, Kant formula le «problema general» e le «problema real del ration pura» in terminos del sequente question: «Como es possibile judicios synthetic ''a priori''?»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B135</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=51}} Pro comprender iste assertion, il es necessari definir alcun terminos. Primo, Kant face un distinction inter duo fontes de cognoscentia:
# Cognoscientias ''a priori'': «cognoscentia independente de tote experientia e mesmo de tote le impression del sensos».
# Cognoscientias ''a posteriori'': cognoscentias que ha lor fontes in le experientia — isto es, que es empiric.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B1–3</ref>
Secundo, ille face un distinction inter duo typos de judicios:
# Judicios analytic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Tote le celibes es non-maritate», o «Tote le corpores es extendite». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de clarification».
# Judicios synthetic: judicios in le quales le concepto del predicato non es continente in le concepto del subjecto; per exemplo, «Alcun celibes es sol», «Tote le cygnos es blanc», o «Tote le corpores ha peso». Illos pote etiam esser appellate «judicios de amplification».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A6–8/B10–12</ref>
Tote le judicios analytic es ''a priori'', proque le experientia non es necessari pro analysar le contento de un concepto que nos ja possede.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B11</ref> In contrasto, un judicio synthetic es un judicio cuje concepto del predicato contine alco que non se trova in le concepto del subjecto. Le exemplos le plus evidente de judicio synthetic es judicios fundate super observationes empiric.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} Le duo typos de cognoscentia e le duo typos de judicio produce un tabella a quatro divisiones:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tabella de Judicios
!
!A priori
!A posteriori
|-
|'''Analytic'''
|analytic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Tote le corpores es extendite.»)
|analytic ''a posteriori'' (impossibile)
|-
|'''Synthetic'''
|synthetic ''a priori'' (p.ex., «Cata effecto ha un causa.»)
|synthetic ''a posteriori'' (p.ex., «Le systema solar ha octo planetas.»)
|}
Kant credeva que le philosophos anterior habeva negligite le judicios synthetic ''a priori'', e habeva accordate attention solmente al judicios analytic ''a priori'' e synthetic ''a posteriori''. [[David Hume]], per exemplo, credeva que tote le cognoscentia es o «relationes de ideas» (que es analytic ''a priori'') o «questiones de facto» (que es synthetic ''a posteriori'').<ref>Hume, David. ''An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding''. Section 4; Part 1.</ref> Le taxonomia de Hume exclude le synthetic ''a priori''. Ma, stabiliente le synthetic ''a priori'' como un tertie typo de judicio, Kant crede que nos pote resister al scepticismo de Hume concernente a questiones como causalitate e le cognoscentia metaphysic plus generalmente. Isto es proque, a differentia de judicios simplemente ''a posteriori'', le judicios ''a priori'' ha «universalitate ver o stricte» e include un assertion de «necessitate».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B3–4</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=52–54}} E, a differentia de assertiones simplemente analytic, le judicios synthetic extende nostre cognoscentia ultra le concepto del subjecto. Isto significa que monstrar como judicios synthetic ''a priori'' es possibile equivale a monstrar como un cognoscentia substantiv super le characteristicas necessari del mundo es possibile.
Kant mesme considera incontroverse le facto que nos ha cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' — specialmente in mathematica. Considera le proposition «7 + 5 = 12». Kant asserta que le concepto de «12» non es continente in le conceptos de «5», «7» e del operation de addition.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B14–17</ref> Tamen, ben que ille considera le possibilitate de tal cognoscentia como evidente, Kant assume nonobstante le carga de monstrar como tal cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' in mathematica e le scientias natural es possibile, e in le Dialectica Transcendental attacca le possibilitate de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' del metaphysica traditional. Le objectivo duple del ''Critica'' es tanto ''probar'' como ''explicar'' le possibilitate de iste cognoscentia.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=55}} Kant dice: «Il ha duo truncos del cognoscentia human, que forsan pote provenir de un radice commun ma pro nos incognite, a saper le sensibilitate e le intellecto, per le prime del qual objectos nos es ''date'', ma per le secunde illos es ''pensate''.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A15/B29, emphases added</ref>
Le termino de Kant pro le objecto del sensibilitate es «intuition», e su termino pro le objecto del intellecto es «concepto». In terminos general, le prime es un representation non-discursive de un objecto ''particular'', e le secunde es un representation discursive (o mediate) de un ''typo general'' de objecto.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=32, 61}} Le conditiones del experientia possibile require tanto intuitiones como conceptos, i.e., le affection del sensibilitate receptive e le potentia activemente synthesizante del intellecto.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.12}}{{efn|Plus technicamente, Kant exprime su puncto general que tote cognoscentia authentic require tanto input sensorial como organisation intellectual dicente que tote cognoscentia require tanto «intuitiones» como «conceptos» (p.ex., A 50 / B 74). Intuitiones e conceptos es duo species differente del genere «representation» (''Vorstellung''), le termino le plus general de Kant pro omne stato cognitive (vide A 320 / B 376–7). Al initio del «Esthetica Transcendental», Kant declara que un «intuition» es nostre typo le plus directe o «immediate» de representation de objectos, in contrasto con un «concepto» que representa sempre un objecto «per un detour (''indirecte'')» — isto es, simplemente per alicun «marca» o proprietate que le objecto possede (A 19 / B 33). In su manual de logica, Kant defini un intuition como un «representation ''singular''» — isto es, un que representa un objecto particular — dum un concepto es sempre un «''universal'' (''repraesentatio per notas communes'')», que representa proprietates commun a multe objectos (''Logic'', §1, 9:91).{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=60–61}}}} Dunque le assertion: «Pensamentos sin contento es vacue, intuitiones sin conceptos es cec.»<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A51/B75</ref> Le strategia basic de Kant in le prime parte del ''Critica del Ration Pura'' consistera in argumentar que certe intuitiones e conceptos es pur — isto es, illos es apportate integremente per le mente, independente de omne cosa empiric. Le cognoscentia generate super iste base, sub certe conditiones, pote esser synthetic ''a priori''. Iste insight es cognoscite como le «Revolution Copernican» de Kant, proque justo como Copernico faceva progressar le astronomia per un cambiamento radical de perspectiva, assi Kant pretende hic facer le mesme pro le metaphysica.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Bxvi–xviii</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§2.2}} Le secunde parte del ''Critica'' es le parte explicitamente ''critic''. In le «Dialectica Transcendental», Kant argumenta que multe del assertiones del metaphysica rationalista traditional viola le criterios que ille pretende establir in le prime parte, «constructive», de su libro, e conduce inevitabilemente a contradictiones.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=2(g)}}{{sfn|Guyer|2014|loc=ch. 4}} Tamen, como Kant observa, «le ration human, sin esser movite per le simple vanitate de saper toto, inexorabilemente perseque, impulsate per su proprie besonio, tal questiones que non pote esser respondite per ulle uso experientiale del ration».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B21</ref> Le projecto del ''Critica'' es establir usque a qual puncto le ration pote legitime perseverar in tal direction.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi–xii</ref>
=== Doctrina del idealismo transcendental ===
{{vide etiam|Idealismo transcendental}}
In le section del ''Critica'' intitulate «Le Esthetica Transcendental», Kant argumenta in favor del doctrina del [[idealismo transcendental]]. Le doctrina es «transcendental» proque illo explica un condition necessari pro le possibilitate del experientia e es un forma de «idealismo» proque ille conditiones depende de characteristicas del mente. Le detalios del interpretation correcte del idealismo transcendental es controverse, ma existe un large accordo super duo theses basic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(d)}} Primo, le spatio e le tempore non es ''cosas in se mesme'', ma simple formas de intuition (le spatio es le forma del intuition ''externe'', e le tempore es le forma del intuition ''interne''). Secundo, nos ha cognoscentia solmente del ''apparentias'' e non del cosas in se mesme. Le secunde these, secundo Kant, seque del prime: proque nostre formas ''a priori'' de intuition es conditiones necessari del possibilitate del experientia, omne cosa que cade foras de lo que nostre facultate sensibile pote reciper es incognoscibile. {{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}}<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A43/B59–60, A369</ref>
Nonobstante, ben que Kant dice que le spatio e le tempore es «transcendentalmente ideal» — le ''formas pur'' del sensibilitate human, plus tosto que parte del natura o del realitate como illo es in se mesme — ille asserta etiam que illos es «empiricamente real», per lo que ille vole dicer «que “tote lo que pote presentar se a nos externemente como un objecto” es tanto in le spatio como in le tempore, e que nostre intuitiones interne de nos mesme es in le tempore».<ref>Kant ''CPuR'' A28/B44, A34–35/B51–51</ref>{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc=§3}} Qualcunque sia le interpretation del doctrina de Kant, ille voleva distinguer su position del [[idealismo subjective]] de [[George Berkeley]].{{sfn|Stang|2022|loc=§2.3}}
[[Paul Guyer]], ben que critic de multe del argumentos de Kant in iste section, scribe super le Esthetica Transcendental que illo «non solmente pone le prime petra del theoria constructive del cognoscentia de Kant; illo etiam pone le fundamento tanto pro su critica como pro su reconstruction del metaphysica traditional. Illo argumenta que tote cognoscentia authentic require un componente sensorial, e assi que assertiones metaphysic que transcende le possibilitate de confirmation sensorial non pote jammais esser cognoscentia.»{{sfn|Guyer|2014|p=60}}
==== Disaccordos interpretative ====
Un interpretation, cognoscite como le interpretation del «duo aspectos» (o «un sol mundo»), considera le idealismo transcendental como, fundamentalmente, un these ''epistemologic''. Secundo iste lectura de Kant, popularisate specialmente per [[Henry E. Allison]], le [[cosa in se mesme]] e le apparentia phenomenal es le mesme objecto, e le idealismo transcendental es un these super lo que es necessari pro mentes finite e discursive pro ''considerar'' objectos tal como illos es date a nos per le sensibilitate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Henry E. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense |year=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300102666 |pages=11-19}}</ref> Alcun commentatores,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allais |first=Lucy |title=Manifest Reality: Kant's Idealism and his Realism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780198747130}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Langton |first=Rae |title=Kantian humility: our ignorance of things in themselves |date=2004 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-924317-4 |edition=Reprinted |location=Oxford}}</ref> durante que illes concorda que il existe un sol insimul de objectos, considera le idealismo transcendental como un these super le ''proprietates'' de iste objectos, de qualcun nos ha accesso, dum alteres es incognoscibile pro nos.
Le altere linea prominente de interpretation es le vision del «duo mundos» (a vices associate con interpretationes «phenomenaliste»<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strawson |first=Peter Frederick |title=The bounds of sense: an essay on Kant's 'Critique of pure reason' |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-04030-3 |edition=Repr |location=London}}</ref>). Secundo iste vision, le apparentias non es le mesme cosas que le cosas in se mesme, e le idealismo transcendental non es simplemente un these super lo que es necessari pro nos pro considerar objectos que es transcendentalmente independente de nos. Alcun defensores del «duo mundos» considera que Kant asserta que le apparentias es identic con nostre representationes de illos,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the claims of knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |last2=Kant |first2=Immanuel |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Pr |isbn=978-0-521-33772-4 |edition=1. publ. 1987, repr |location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Feder |first=Johann Georg Heinrich |last2=Garve |first2=Christian |date=1782 |title=Feder-Garve Review of the Critique of Pure Reason |journal=Göttinger Gelehrten Anzeigen}}</ref> durante que alteres considera que ille simplemente asserta que le apparentias es partialmente fundate super cosas in se mesme sin esser identic con illas.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stang |first=Nicholas F. |title=Kant's Transcendental Idealism |date=2016 |work=The Encyclopedia Philosophic de Stanford |pages=§3.2 |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/kant-transcendental-idealism/) |access-date=6 April 2026 |edition=Spring 2016 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>
=== Le theoria de Kant super le judicio ===
{{vide etiam|Categoria (Kant)}}
[[File:Immanuelkant.JPG|thumb|Statua de Kant in le Schola de Philosophia e Scientias Human del [[Universitate Federal de Minas Gerais]] (UFMG), [[Belo Horizonte]], Brasil]]
Post le «Analytica Transcendental» veni le «Logica Transcendental». Dum le prime se occupava del contributiones del sensibilitate, le secunde se occupa, primo, del contributiones del intellecto («Analytica Transcendental») e, secundo, del facultate del ''ration'' como fonte tanto de errores metaphysic como de principios regulative authentic («Dialectica Transcendental»). Le «Analytica Transcendental» es ulteriormente dividite in duo sectiones. Le prime, «Analytica del Conceptos», se occupa de establir le universalitate e necessitate del conceptos ''pur'' del intellecto (i.e., le categorias). Iste section contine le famose «deduction transcendental» de Kant. Le secunde, «Analytica del Principios», se occupa del application de iste conceptos pur in judicios ''empiric''. Iste secunde section es plus longe que le prime e es ulteriormente dividite in numerose sub-sectiones.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=4–13}}
==== Deduction transcendental del categorias del intellecto ====
Le «Analytica del Conceptos» argumenta in favor del validitate universal e necessari del conceptos pur del intellecto, o categorias, per exemplo, le conceptos de substantia e causalitate. Iste dece-duo categorias basic defini lo que significa esser un ''cosa in general'' —isto es, illos articula le conditiones necessari secundo le qual alique es un possibile objecto del experientia. Iste categorias, in combination con le formas ''a priori'' del intuition, es le base de tote cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Secundo [[Paul Guyer]] e [[Allen W. Wood]], «le idea de Kant es que, justo como il ha certe characteristicas essential de tote judicios, assi debe haber certe manieras correspondente in le qual nos forma le conceptos de objectos pro que judicios pote esser facite super objectos».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=8}}
Kant presenta duo lineas central de argumentation in supporto de su assertiones concernente le categorias. Le prime, cognoscite como le «deduction metaphysic», procede analyticmente ab un tabella del functiones logic aristotelic del judicio. Como Kant esseva consciente, isto assume precisamente lo que le sceptico refuta, a saper, le existentia de cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori''. Pro iste ration, Kant presenta etiam un argumento synthetic que non depende del assumption in question.{{sfn|Guyer|2014|pp=89–90}}
Iste argumento, presentate sub le titulo «Deduction Transcendental del Conceptos Pur del Intellecto», es largemente considerate tanto le plus importante como le plus difficile del argumentos de Kant in le ''Critica''. Kant mesme diceva que illo esseva le parte que requireva le plus labor de su parte.<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' Axi</ref> Frustrate per le reception confuse del prime edition de su libro, ille lo rescribeva completemente pro le secunde edition.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(e)}}{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4}}
Le «Deduction Transcendental» presenta le argumento de Kant que iste conceptos pur se applica universal e necessariemente al objectos que es date in le experientia. Secundo Guyer e Wood, «Il centra su argumento super le premissa que nostre experientia pote esser attribuite a un sol subjecto identic, per medio de lo que ille appella le “unita transcendental del apperception”, solmente si le elementos del experientia date in le intuition es syntheticamente combinate assi que illos nos presenta objectos que es pensate per medio del categorias».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=9}}
Le principio de apperception de Kant es que «Le Io pensa debe poter accompaniar tote mi representationes; nam alteremente alique esserea representate in me que non poterea esser pensate de sorta, lo que equivale a dicer que le representation o esserea impossibile o, al minus, nihil esserea pro me».<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' B131-32</ref> Le possibilitate ''necessari'' del auto-attribution del representationes del autoconscientia, identic con se mesme trans le tempore, es un veritate conceptual ''a priori'' que non pote esser fundate super le experientia.{{sfn|Rohlf|2020|loc = §4.1}} Isto es solmente un esquissa general de un del argumentos que Kant presenta.
==== Principios del intellecto pur ====
Le deduction de Kant del categorias in le «Analytica del Conceptos», si illo es succedite, demonstra su assertiones concernente le categorias solmente in un maniera abstracte. Le carga del «Analytica del Principios» es monstrar tanto ''que'' illos debe applicar universalmente al objectos date in le experientia real (i.e., multitudes de intuition) como ''como'' illos face isto.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=9–10}} In le prime libro<!--????--> de iste section<!--????--> super le «[[Schema (Kant)|schematismo]]», Kant conecta cata un del categorias puramente logic del intellecto al temporalitate del intuition pro monstrar que, ben que illos non es empiric, illos tamen ha application al objectos del experientia. Le secunde libro continua iste linea de argumento in quatro capitulos, cata un associate con un del gruppos de categorias. In certe casos, illo adde un connexion con le dimension spatial del intuition al categorias que illo analysa.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=10–11}} Le quarte capitulo de iste section, «Le Analogias del Experientia», marca un cambiamento ab principios «mathematical» a principios «dynamic», isto es, a illos que tracta del relationes inter objectos. Alcun commentatores considera isto le section le plus significative del ''Critica''.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=11}} Le analogias es tres in numero:
# ''Principio del persistentia del substantia'': Kant se occupa hic del conditiones general pro determinar le relationes temporal inter le objectos del experientia. Ille argumenta que le unitate del tempore implica que «tote cambiamento debe consister in le alteration de estados in un substantia subjacente, cuje existentia e quantitate debe esser inalterabile o conservate».<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A182–26/B224–36</ref>
# ''Principio del succession temporal secundo le lege del causalitate'': Hic Kant argumenta que «nos pote facer judicios determinate super le succession objective de eventos, in contrasto con successiones simplemente subjective de representationes, solmente si cata alteration objective seque un regula necessari de succession, o un lege causal». Isto es le responsa le plus directe de Kant al scepticismo de [[Humeanismo#Causalitate e necessitate|Hume]] concernente le causalitate.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A186–211/B232–56</ref>
# ''Principio del simultaneitate secundo le lege del reciprocitate o communitate'': Le ultime analogia argumenta que «judicios determinate que objectos (o estados de substantia) in differente regiones del spatio existe simultaneemente es possibile solmente si tal objectos es in un relation causal mutual de communitate o interaction reciprocal». Isto es le responsa de Kant al these de [[Leibniz]] in le ''[[Monadologia]]''.<ref>see Kant, ''CPuR'' A211-15/B256-62</ref>{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=11–12}}
Le quarte section de iste capitulo, que non es un analogia, tracta del uso empiric del categorias modal. Illo esseva le fin del capitulo in le edition A del ''Critica''. Le edition B include un altere breve section, «Le Refutation del Idealismo». In iste section, per medio de un analyse del concepto de autoconscientia, Kant argumenta que su idealismo transcendental es un idealismo «critic» o «formal» que non nega le existentia de un realitate separate de nostre representationes subjective.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=12}} Le capitulo final del «Analytica del Principios» distingui le ''[[phenomena]]'', del qual nos pote haber cognoscentia authentic, ab le ''[[noumena]]'', un termino que se refere a objectos de pensamento pur que nos non pote cognoscer, ma al qual nos pote tamen referer «in un senso negative».{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=12–13}} Un Appendice al section disveloppa ulteriormente le critica de Kant del rationalismo leibnizian-wolffian argumentante que su metaphysica «dogmatic» confunde le «simple characteristicas del conceptos per medio del qual nos pensa cosas ... [con] characteristicas del objectos mesme». Contra isto, Kant reafirma su proprie insistentia super le necessitate de un componente sensibile in tote cognoscentia authentic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=13}}
===Critica del metaphysica===
Le secunde del duo divisiones de "Le logica transcendental", "Le dialectica transcendental", contine le portion "negative" del ''Critica'' de Kant, que se basa super le argumentos "positive" del precedente "Analytica transcendental" pro revelar le limites del speculation metaphysic. In particular, illo cerca a demonstrar como fallace le tentativas del ration de attinger cognoscentia independente del sensibilitate. Iste effortio, argumenta Kant, es condemnate al fallimento, que ille pretende demonstrar monstrante que le ration, non limitate per le sensos, es sempre capace de generar conclusiones opost o alteremente incompatibile. Como "le columba legier, in volo libere per le aere, sentiente le resistentia que illo incontra" , le ration "pote haber le idea que illo poterea facer mesmo melio in un spatio sin aere". Contra isto, Kant sustene que, absente friction epistemic, il non pote haber cognoscentia. Nonobstante, le critica de Kant non es completemente destructive. Il presenta le excessos speculative del metaphysica traditional como inherente a nostre mesme capacitate de ration. In ultra, ille argumenta que lor productos non es sin un certe valor ''regulative'' (accuratemente qualificate).<ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Knowledge |url=https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521317245 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/kantclaimsofknow0000guye/page/52 52]–55}}</ref>
====Super le conceptos del ration pur====
Kant appella le conceptos basic del metaphysica "ideas". Illos es differente del conceptos del intellecto in tanto que illos non es limitate per le restriction critic que limita le cognoscentia al conditiones de experientia possibile e a lor objectos. "Illusion transcendental" es le termino de Kant pro le tendentia del ration a producer tal ideas.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Ben que le ration ha un "uso logic" consistente simplemente in traher inferentias ex principios, in "Le dialectica transcendental", Kant se interessa al pretensive "uso real" del ration pro attinger conclusiones per medio de un ratiocination syllogistic regressive sin controlo.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}} Le tres categorias de ''relation'', quando illos es persequite sin reguardo al limites del experientia possibile, produce le tres ideas central del metaphysica traditional:
# ''Le anima'': le concepto de substantia como subjecto ultime;
# ''Le mundo in su totalitate'': le concepto de causalitate como serie complete; e
# ''Deo'': le concepto de communitate como fundamento commun de tote le possibilitates.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=15}}
Ben que Kant nega que iste ideas pote esser objectos de cognoscentia genuin, ille argumenta que illos resulta del impulsion inherent del ration a unificar le cognoscentia in un integre systematic.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g)}} Le metaphysica de Leibniz e Wolff esseva dividite in quatro partes: ontologia, psychologia, cosmologia e theologia. Kant substitue le prime per le resultatos positive del prime parte del ''Critica''. Il propone de substituer le tres sequente per su doctrinas posterior de anthropologia, le fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural, e le postulation critic del libertate human e del moralitate.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=14}}
====Dialectic inferentias del ration pur====
In le secunde del duo libros de "Le Dialectic transcendental", Kant se effortia a demonstrar le natura contradictori del ration sin limites. Il face isto per disveloppar contradictiones in cata un del tres disciplinas metaphysic que, secundo su argumento, es in facto pseudoscientias. Iste section del ''Critica'' es longe e le argumentos de Kant es extrememente detaliate. In iste contexto, il non es possibile facer multo plus que enumerar le themas discutite.
Le prime capitulo tracta lo que Kant appella le ''paralogismos'' —i.e., inferentias false— que le ration pur face in le disciplina metaphysic del psychologia rational. Il argumenta que on non pote considerar le simple pensamento de "Io" in le proposition "Io pensa" como le cognoscentia correcte de "Io" como objecto. In iste maniera, ille pretende refutar varie theses metaphysic concernente le substantialitate, unitate e identitate de se del anima.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.i)}}
Le secunde capitulo, le plus longe, tracta le thema que Kant appella le [[Kant's antinomies|''antinomias del ration pur'']] —i.e., le contradictiones del ration con se mesme— in le disciplina metaphysic del cosmologia rational. Originalmente, Kant habeva pensate que tote illusion transcendental poterea esser analysate in terminos antinomic.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=16}} Il presenta quatro casos in le quales, secundo ille, le ration es capace de provar theses opposite con equal plausibilitate:
# Que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le universo es simultaneemente finite e infinite in spatio e tempore";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le materia es e non es infinite divisibile in partes sempre plus parve";
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que le libero arbitrio non pote esser un parte causalmente efficace del mundo (proque tote le natura es deterministic) e tamen que illo debe esser un tal causa"; e
# que "le ration pare esser capace de provar que existe e non existe un ente necessari (que alcunos identificarea con Deo)".{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|pp=16–17}}
Kant argumenta ulteriormente que, in cata caso, su doctrina del idealismo transcendental es capace de resolver le antinomia.{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc= §2(g.ii)}}
Le tertie capitulo examina argumentos fallace concernente Deo in le theologia rational sub le titulo del "Ideal del Ration Pur". (Dum un ''idea'' es un concepto pur generate per le ration, un ''ideal'' es le concepto de un idea como un cosa individual.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=17}}) Hic Kant examina e pretende refutar tres argumentos traditional pro le existentia de Deo: le [[argumento ontologic]], le [[argumento cosmologic]], e le [[argumento physico-theologic]] (i.e., le argumento del designio).{{sfn|Jankowiak|2023|loc=§2(g.iii)}}
Le resultatos del dialectic transcendental usque a iste puncto pare esser completemente negative. In un appendice a iste section, Kant rejecta un tal conclusion. Le ideas del ration pur, ille argumenta, ha un importante function ''regulative'' in diriger e organisar nostre investigationes theoric e practic. Le obras posterior de Kant disveloppa iste function a longe e in detalio.{{sfn|Guyer|Wood|1998|p=18}}
===Pensamento moral===
{{Main|Ethica kantian}}
Kant disveloppava su ethica, o philosophia moral, in tres obras: ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1785), ''[[Critica del Ration Practic]]'' (1788), e ''[[Metaphysica del Morales]]'' (1797). Concernente al moralitate, Kant argumentava que le origine del [[Bonitate e theoria del valor|bon]] non jace in alique cosa exterior al [[human]] subjecto, sia in le [[natura]] o date per [[Deo]], ma solmente in le bon voluntate mesme. Un bon voluntate es illo que age per deber, in accordo con le lege moral universal que le esser human autonome se da libere a se mesme. Iste lege obliga un a tractar le humanitate —comprehendite como agentia rational e representate tanto per se mesme como per alteres— como un [[fin in se mesme]] e non simplemente como [[medio (philosophia)|medio]] pro altere fines que le individuo pote haber. Kant es cognoscite pro su theoria que tote [[obligation moral]] es fundate in lo que ille appella le "[[imperative categoric]]", derivate del concepto de [[deber]]. Il argumenta que le lege moral es un principio del [[ration]] mesme, non fundate super factos contingente del mundo, como lo que nos renderea felice; ager secundo le lege moral non ha altere motivo que "dignitate de esser felice".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A806/B834</ref>
Nonobstante, le expertos es largemente de accordo que le ethica de Kant precede, in le major parte de su ideas central, le periodo critic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ursprünge der Ethik Kants in seinen vorkritischen Schriften und Reflektionen |date=1961 |publisher=Hain |url=[https://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Urspr%C3%BCnge_der_Ethik_Kants_in_seinen.html?id=8hps0QEACAAJ |language=de}}; {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Problem der Kontingenz der Welt: Versuch einer positiven Aufarbeitung der Kritik Kants am kosmologischen Argument |date=1969 |publisher=Herder |url=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Das_Problem_der_Kontingenz_der_Welt/4itIAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Josef%20Schmucker%22) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sala |first1=Giovanni |title=Kants "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft": ein Kommentar |date=2004 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft |location=Darmstadt |isbn=3534157419}}</ref>
====Idea del libertate====
In le ''Critica del Ration Pur'', Kant distingue inter le idea transcendental del libertate, que como concepto psychologic es "principalmente empiric" e refere a "si un facultate de initiar per se mesme un serie de cosas o estados successive debe esser assumite",<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467">Kant, ''CPuR'' A448/B467</ref> e le concepto practic del libertate como independentia de nostre voluntate del "coercition" o "necessitation per impulsos sensibile". Kant trova un fonte de difficultate in le facto que le idea practic del libertate es fundate super le idea transcendental del libertate,<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A533–34/B561–62</ref> ma, pro rationes practic, usa le signification practic, non prendente "nulle consideration de ... su signification transcendental", que ille considera esser propriemente "disponite" in le Tertie Antinomia, e que, como elemento in le question del libertate del voluntate, es pro le philosophia "un ver obstaculo" que ha embarrassate le ration speculative.<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/>
Kant appella ''practic'' "tote lo que es possibile per libertate"; ille appella le leges practic pur que jammais es date per conditiones sensibile, ma que es tenite analogemente al lege universal del causalitate, "leges moral". Le ration pote dar nos solmente le "leges pragmatic de action libere per le sensos", ma le leges practic pur date per le ration ''a priori'' dicta "lo que debe esser facite".<ref name="Kant, CPuR A448/B467"/><ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A800–02/B 828–30</ref> Le categorias kantian del libertate functiona principalmente como conditiones pro le possibilitate de actiones (i) esser libere, (ii) esser comprendite como libere, e (iii) esser evaluate moralmente. Pro Kant, ben que le actiones como objectos theoric es constituite per medio del categorias theoric, le actiones como objectos practic (objectos del uso practic del ration, que pote esser bon o mal) es constituite per medio del categorias del libertate. Solmente in iste maniera pote le actiones, como phenomena, esser consequentias del libertate, e esser comprendite e evaluate como tal.<ref>[[Susanne Bobzien]], 'Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant', in ''Kant: Analysen, Probleme, Kritik'' Vol. 1, 1988, 193–220.</ref>
====Imperative categoric====
Kant face un distinction inter imperativos categoric e [[imperative hypothetic]]. Un ''imperative hypothetic'' es uno que debe esser obsequite pro satisfacer desiros contingente. Un ''imperative categoric'' obliga le [[agente rational]] independentemente de su desiros: per exemplo, tote agentes rational ha le deber de respectar altere agentes rational como fines individual in se mesmes, independentemente del circumstantias, mesmo si a vices il es in le interesse egoistic de un persona de non facer lo. Iste imperativos es moralmente obligatori a causa del forma categoric de lor maximas, e non a causa de factos contingente concernente un agente.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 83.</ref>
A differentia de imperativos hypothetic, que nos obliga in tanto que nos es parte de un gruppo o societate a que nos debe deberes, nos non pote optar ex le imperative categoric, proque nos non pote optar ex le facto de esser agentes rational. Nos debe un deber al rationalitate in virtute de esser agentes rational; ergo, principios moral rational se applica a tote agentes rational in tote momentos.{{sfn|Johnson|2008}} Dicite in altere terminos, con tote formas de rationalitate instrumental excludite del moralitate, "le lege moral mesme, sustene Kant, pote esser solmente le forma del legalitate mesme, proque nihil altere remane quando tote contento ha essite rejectate".{{sfn|Schneewind|2010|p=261}}
Kant propone tres formulationes del imperative categoric. Il asserta que illos es necessariemente equivalente, como expressiones del universalitate pur del lege moral in se mesme;<ref>Kant, ''G''. 4:420–421, 436.</ref> multe estudioses non es convincite.<ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–78</ref> Le formulationes es le sequente:
* ''Formula del Lege Universal'':
** "Age solmente secundo ille maxima per le qual tu pote al mesme tempore voler que illo deveni un lege universal";<ref name="Kant, G 4:421">Kant, ''G'' 4:421</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Lege del Natura'': "Age assi como si le maxima de tu action, per tu voluntate, deberea devenir un lege universal del natura."<ref name="Kant, G 4:421"/>
* ''Formula del Humanitate como Fin in se mesme'':
** "Age de maniera que tu usa le humanitate, tanto in tu proprie persona como in le persona de cata altere, sempre al mesme tempore como fin e jammais simplemente como medio".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:429</ref>
* ''Formula del Autonomia'':
** "le idea del voluntate de cata esser rational como un voluntate que da lege universal",<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:431; cf. 4:432</ref> o "Non eliger alteremente que in maniera que le maximas de tu election sia al mesme tempore comprehendite con illo, in le mesme volition, como lege universal";<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:440; cf. 4:432, 434, 438</ref> alternativemente,
*** ''Formula del Regno del Fines'': "Age secundo maximas de un membro universalmente legislative de un regno simplemente possibile de fines."<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:439; cf. 4:433, 437–439</ref><ref>Wood, Allen. (2017) ''Formulas of the Moral Law''. Cambridge University Press, p.6</ref>
Kant defini ''maxima'' como un "principio subjective del volition", que es distinguite de un "principio objective o 'lege practic'". Dum le ultime es valide pro cata esser rational e es un "principio secundo le qual ille debe ager", un maxima "contine le regula practic que le ration determina in accordo con le conditiones del subjecto (frequentemente su ignorantia o inclinationes) e es assi le principio secundo le qual le subjecto age".<ref>Caygill, Howard. (1995) ''A Kant Dictionary''. Blackwell Publishing, p. 289, citante ''GMM''.</ref>
Le maximas falle a qualificar como leges practic si illos produce un contradiction in conception o un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Un contradiction in conception occurre quando, si un maxima esseva universalizate, illo cessarea de haber senso, proque le "maxima se destruererea necessariemente a si mesme tosto que illo esseva facite un lege universal".<ref>Kant, ''G'' 4:403.</ref> Per exemplo, si le maxima "Es permissibile romper promissas" esseva universalizate, nulle persona haberea confidentia in promissas facite, e assi le idea de un promissa devenirea sin signification; le maxima esserea contradictori a se mesme, proque, quando illo es universalizate, le promissas cessa de haber signification. Le maxima non es moral proque il es logicamente impossibile universalizar lo —nos non pote conceber un mundo in le qual iste maxima es universalisate.<ref>Driver 2007, p. 88.</ref>
Un maxima pote anque esser immoral si illo crea un contradiction in le voluntate quando universalizate. Isto non significa un contradiction logic, ma que le universalisation del maxima conduce a un stato de cosas que nulle esser ''rational'' desira.
===="Le doctrina del virtute"====
Como Kant explica in le 1785 ''[[Fundamento del Metaphysica del Morales]]'' e como su titulo indica directemente, ille texto es "nihil plus que le recerca e establimento del ''principio supreme del moralitate''".<ref>Kant, ''GMM'' 4:392.</ref> Su promittite ''Metaphysica del Morales'' esseva multo retardate e non appareva usque a su duo partes, "Le Doctrina del Derecto" e "Le Doctrina del Virtute", esser publicate separatemente in 1797 e 1798.<ref>Gregor, Mary J. (1996) "Translator's note on the text of The metaphysics of morals". In ''Practical Philosophy''. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, p. 355.</ref>
Le prime tracta le philosophia politic; le secunde, le ethica. "Le Doctrina del Virtute" presenta "un narration multo differente del rationamento moral ordinari" ab illo suggerite per le ''Fundamento''.{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Illo se interessa a ''deberes del virtute'' o "fines que al mesme tempore es deberes".<ref>Kant, ''MM''. 6:382–391.</ref> Il es hic, in le dominio del ethica, que le major innovation de ''Le Metaphysica del Morales'' se trova. Secundo le explication de Kant, "le rationamento moral ordinari es fundamentalmente teleologic —illo es rationamento concernente le fines que le moralitate nos obliga a persequer, e le prioritates inter iste fines que nos es obligate a observar".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=69}}
<blockquote>Il existe duo classes de fines que es nostre deber haber: nostre proprie perfection e le felicitate de alteres (''MS'' 6:385). "Perfection" include tanto nostre perfection natural (le disveloppamento de nostre talentos, habilitates e capacitate de comprender) como nostre perfection moral (nostre disposition virtuose) (''MS'' 6:387). Le "felicitate" de un persona es le plus grande integre rational del fines que le persona ha fixate pro su proprie satisfaction (''MS'' 6:387–388).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=70}}</blockquote>
Le elaboration de Kant de iste doctrina teleologic propone un theoria moral multo differente de illo que normalmente es attribuite a ille super le base de su obras foundational sol.
=== Politica ===
{{vide etiam|Politica philosophic de Immanuel Kant}}
In ''Vers le Pace Perpetual: Un Projecto Philosophic'', Kant enumerava plure conditiones que ille considerava necessari pro terminar guerras e crear un pace durabile. Inter illas esseva un mundo de republicas constitutional.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:349–353</ref> Su theoria republican esseva extendite in le "Doctrina del Drito", le prime parte del ''[[Metaphysica del Morals]]'' (1797).<ref>Manfred Riedel, ''Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy'', Cambridge 1984</ref> Kant credeva que le historia universal conduce al fin ultime de un mundo de statos republican in pace, ma su theoria non esseva pragmatic. Le processo esseva describite in ''Pace Perpetual'' como natural plus tosto que rational:
{{blockquote|Lo que offere iste ''garantia'' (securitate) es nihil minus que le grande artista ''natura'' (''natura daedala rerum''), de cuje curso mechanic appare visibilemente le finalitate, lassante concordia emerger per medio del discordia inter esseres human, mesmo contra lor voluntate; e pro iste ration natura, considerate como necessitate per un causa cuje lege de operationes es incognoscibile a nos, es appellate ''fato'', ma si nos considera su finalitate in le curso del mundo como le profunde sapientia de un causa superior, dirigite verso le fin objective ultime del genere human e predeterminante iste curso del mundo, illo es appellate ''providentia''.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:360–362</ref>}}
Le pensamento politic de Kant pote esser resumite como governamento republican e organisation international: "In terminos plus characteristicamente kantian, illo es un doctrina del stato fundate super le lege (''[[Rechtsstaat]]'') e del pace eternal. In facto, in cata un de iste formulationes, le duo terminos exprime le mesme idea: celle de constitution legal o de 'pace per le lege'.<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, pp. 581–582</ref> "Le philosophia politic de Kant, essente essentialmente un doctrina juridic, rejecta per definition le opposition inter education moral e le joco de passiones como fundamentos alternative pro le vita social. Le stato es definite como le union de homines sub lege. Le stato in le proprie senso es constituite per leges que es necessari ''a priori'' proque illos deriva del ipse concepto del lege. Un regime pote esser judicate per nulle altere criterios ni assignate altere functiones que illos proprie al ordine legal como tal."<ref>Hassner, Pierre. "Immanuel Kant", in ''History of Political Philosophy'', editate per Leo Strauss e Joseph Cropsey, The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 603</ref>
Kant se opponeva al "democratia", que in su epocha significava [[democratia directe]], proque ille credeva que le regula del majoritate poneva in periculo le libertate individual. Ille declarava que "''democratia'' in le stricte senso del parola es necessariemente un ''despotismo'' proque illo establi un poter executive in le qual omnes decide pro e, si necesse, contra un (qui assi non concorda), de sorta que omnes, qui tamen non es omnes, decide; e isto es un contradiction del voluntate general con se mesme e con libertate."<ref>Kant, p. 8:352</ref>
Como le major parte del autores de su epocha, Kant distingueva tres formas de governamento —democratia, aristocratia e monarchia— con [[governamento mixte]] como le forma plus ideal.<ref>Kant, ''PP'' 8:352</ref> Ille credeva in ideales e formas republican de governamento, e in le [[dominio del lege]] que resultava de illos.<ref>Kant, pp. 8:349–8:353</ref> Ben que Kant publicava isto como un "obra popular", [[Mary J. Gregor]] observa que duo annos plus tarde, in ''Metaphysica del Morals'', Kant pretende demonstrar ''systematicamente'' que "establir un pace universal e durabile constitue non solmente un parte del doctrina del drito, sed plus tosto le integre fin ultime del doctrina del drito intra le limites del ration pur".<ref>Kant, ''MM'' 6:355</ref><ref>Gregor, Mary J. "Introduction", in ''Practical Philosophy''. Cambridge University Press, p. 313</ref>
Le pensamento politic posterior de Kant esseva profundemente preoccupate per le problema del guerra e le possibilitate de establir un pace durabile inter le statos. In ''[[Pace Perpetual: Un Sketch Philosophic|Vers le Pace Perpetual]]'' (1795), ille argumentava que un pace durabile non poteva esser securate simplemente per tractatos, ma requireva constitutiones republican, respecto del derecto international e un federation voluntari de statos libere. Ille se opponeva al [[guerra de conquista|guerras de conquista]], al exercitos permanente e al practicas politic que incoragiava conflictos futur, e ille considerava le developpamento progressive de relationes international legal como un del tarefas politic central del humanitate.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kant's Social and Political Philosophy |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2016 |url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-social-political/) }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Higgins |first=Olivier |title=Kant on Peace, Honor and the "Point of View" of Princes, 1755–1795 |journal=Modern Intellectual History |year=2023 |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=738–763 |doi=10.1017/S1479244322000476 }}</ref>
''Le Doctrina del Drito'', publicate in 1797, contine le contribution le plus mature e systematic de Kant al philosophia politic. Illo tracta del deberes secundo le lege, que es "concernite solmente con le protection del libertate externe del individuos" e es indifferente al motivationes. Ben que existe un deber moral "de limitar nos a actiones que es juste, iste deber non es parte de [le drito] ipse".{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}} Su idea politic basic es que "le derecto de cata persona de esser su proprie maestro es compatibile con le derectos de alteres solmente si institutiones juridic public existe".<ref>Ripstein, Arthur. (2009) ''Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy''. Harvard University Press, p. 9.</ref> Ille formula le principio universal del drito como:
{{Citation|Omne action es ''juste'' si illo pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal, o si, secundo su maxima, le libertate de selection de cata uno pote coexister con le libertate de omnes secundo un lege universal. (''MS'' 6:230).{{sfn|Wood|2006|p=68}}}}
===Scriptores religiose===
{{Main|Religion intra le limites del ration pur}}
A partir del seculo XX, commentatores tendeva a vider Kant como habente un relation tensionate con le religion, ben que isto non esseva le opinion predominante durante le seculo XIX. [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold]], cuje litteras adjutava a render Kant famose, scribeva: «Io crede que io pote inferer sin reservation que le interesse del religion, e del christianitate in particular, concorda completemente con le resultato del Critica del Ration.»<ref>Karl Leonhard Reinhold, ''Letters on the Kantian Philosophy'' (1786), 3rd Letter</ref> Secundo [[Johann Friedrich Schultz]], qui scribeva un del prime commentarios super Kant: «E non es iste systema mesme in le plus splendide accordo con le religion christian? Non deveni le divinitate e le beneficentia de iste ultime tanto plus evidente?»<ref>Johann Schultz, ''Exposition of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason'' (1784), 141.</ref> Le ration pro iste interpretationes esseva le theologia moral de Kant e le opinion largemente diffundite que su philosophia esseva le grande antithese a [[Spinozismo]], que esseva largemente considerate un forma de pantheismo sophistificate o mesmo de atheismo. Proque le philosophia de Kant negligeva le possibilitate de arguer pro Deo per le ration pur sol, per le mesme ration illo etiam negligeva le possibilitate de arguer contra Deo per le ration pur sol.
Kant dirige su criticas le plus forte contra le organisation e le practicas del institutiones religiose que incoragia lo que ille considera un religion de falso servicio a Deo.<ref>Kant, ''RBMR'' Part IV, First part, First section [6:157–163]</ref> Inter le objectos principal de su critica es le rituales externe, le superstition e un ecclesia hierarchic. Ille vide iste practicas como effortios pro render se agradabile a Deo per medios altere que le adherentia conscientiose al principio del rectitude moral in eliger e sequer le maximas proprie. Le criticas de Kant super iste questiones, insimul con su rejection de certe provas theoretic del existentia de Deo fundate super le ration pur, particularmente le [[argumento ontologic]], e su commentario philosophic super certe doctrinas christian, ha resultate in interpretationes que considera Kant hostil al religion in general e al christianitate in particular.<ref>E.g., Walsh, W.H., 1967, "Kant, Immanuel: Philosophy of Religion", ''The Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Volume Four, Paul Edwards (ed.), New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. & The Free Press, 322.</ref> Altere interpretes, nonobstante, considera que Kant tentava distinguer le credentias christian defendibile del illas indefendibile.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Pasternack|first1=Lawrence|last2=Rossi|first2=Philip|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|url=[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's](http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|title=Kant's) Philosophy of Religion|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2014|access-date=18 October 2019|archive-date=9 July 2010|archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20100709212423/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-religion/%7Curl-status%3Dlive%7D%7D)</ref>
Concernente le conception de Kant del religion, alcun criticos ha arguite que ille esseva sympathic al deismo.<ref>Per exemplo Peter Byrne, qui scribeva super le relation de Kant con le deismo. Byrne, Peter (2007), ''Kant on God'', London: Ashgate, p. 159.</ref> Altere criticos ha arguite que le conception moral de Kant passa del deismo al theismo (como theismo moral), per exemplo Allen W. Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (1970), ''Kant's moral religion'', London and Ithaca: Cornell University Press, p. 16.</ref> e etiam [[Merold Westphal]].<ref>Westphal, Merold (2010), ''The Emergence of Modern Philosophy of Religion'', in Taliaferro, Charles, Draper, Paul and Quinn, Philip (editors), ''A Companion to Philosophy of Religion'', Oxford: Blackwell, p. 135.</ref> Quanto al libro de Kant ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur|Religion intra le limites del Ration Pur]]'', esseva accentuate que Kant reduceva le religiositate a rationalitate, le religion a moralitate, e le christianitate a ethica;<ref>Iţu, Mircia (2004), ''Dumnezeu şi religia în concepţia lui Immanuel Kant din Religia în limitele raţiunii'', in Boboc, Alexandru and Mariş, N.I. (editors), ''Studii de istoria filosofiei universale'', volume 12, Bucharest: Romanian Academy.</ref> tamen, multe interpretes, inter illes Wood,<ref>Wood, Allen W. (2020), ''Kant and Religion'', Cambridge University Press, p. 2.</ref> insimul con Lawrence Pasternack,<ref>Vider per exemplo Lawrence Pasternack, ''Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason'' (New York, Routledge, 2014), pp. 239–240.</ref> ora concorda con le assertion de [[Stephen Palmquist]] que un melior maniera de leger le ''Religion'' de Kant es vider lo como un tentativa de elevar le moralitate al stato de religion.<ref>Palmquist, Stephen (1992), "Does Kant Reduce Religion to Morality?", ''Kant-Studien'' 83.2, pp. 129–148.</ref>
Le philosopho german Josef Schmucker monstrava que le critica de Kant del provas traditional del existentia de Deo precede su periodo critic e pote esser traciate retro al annos 1760, como etiam le developpamento de su concepto del ideal transcendental.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant |date=1980 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |location=Berlin, BRD New York |isbn=311008130X}} e {{cite book |last1=Schmucker |first1=Josef |title=Das Weltproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft: Kommentar und Strukturanalyse des ersten Buches und des zweiten Hauptstücks des zweiten Buches der transzendentalen Dialektik |date=1990 |publisher=Bouvier Verl |location=Bonn |isbn=3416021851}}</ref>
=== Esthetica ===
{{vide etiam|Teleologia de Kant}}
[[File:Immanuel Kant.jpg|thumb|Gravura de Kant per Friedrich Rosmäsler, 1822, a partir de un pictura de Todd Schorr]]
Kant tracta le natura subjective de qualitates e experientias esthetic in ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' (1764). Le contribution de Kant al theoria esthetic es disveloppate in le ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'' (1790), ubi ille investiga le possibilitate e le stato logic de "judicamentos de gusto". In le "Analytica del Belle", le prime division major del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant usa le termino "esthetic" in un maniera que se approxima a su senso moderne.<ref>Critique of Judgment in "Kant, Immanuel", ''[[https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf](https://ia601704.us.archive.org/23/items/encyclopedia-of-philosophy_202010/Volume%205.pdf) Encyclopedia of Philosophy]'', volume 5, Macmillan, 2006, accessed on 16 November 2024</ref> In le ''[[Critica del Ration Pure]]'', pro notar le differentias essential inter judicamentos de gusto, judicamentos moral e judicamentos scientific, Kant abandona le termino "esthetic" como designante le critica del gusto, notante que le judicamentos de gusto nunquam pote esser "dirigite" per "leges ''a priori''".<ref>Kant, ''CPuR'' A22/B36</ref> Post [[Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten]], qui scribeva ''Aesthetica'' (1750–58),{{efn|Beardsley, Monroe. "History of Aesthetics". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, section on "Toward a unified aesthetics", p. 25, Macmillan 1973. Baumgarten coined the term "aesthetics" and expanded, clarified, and unified Wolffian aesthetic theory, but had left the ''Aesthetica'' unfinished (Vide etiam: Tonelli, Giorgio. "Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten". ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol. 1, Macmillan 1973). In Bernard's translation of the ''Critique of Judgment'' he indicates in the notes that Kant's reference in § 15 in regard to the identification of perfection and beauty is probably a reference to Baumgarten.}} Kant esseva un del prime philosophos a developpar e integrar le theoria aesthetic in un systema philosophic unificate e comprehensibile, utilisante ideas que habeva un rolo integral in tote su philosophia.<ref>German Idealism in "History of Aesthetics" ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Vol 1. Macmillan, 1973.</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Belle" del ''[[Critica del Judicio|Critica del potentia de judicar]]'', Kant dice que le beltate non es un proprietate de un obra de arte o de un phenomeno natural, sed plus tosto le conscientia del placer que accompania le "libere joco" del imagination e del intellecto. Ben que il pare que nos usa le ration pro decider lo que es belle, le judicio non es un judicio cognitive,{{efn|Kant's general discussions of the distinction between "cognition" and "conscious of" are also given in the ''Critique of Pure Reason'' (notably A320/B376), and section V and the conclusion of section VIII of his Introduction in ''Logic''.}} "e per consequentia non logic, sed aesthetic".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §1</ref>
Un judicio pure de gusto es subjective pois que illo se refere al responsa emotional del subjecto e es fundate solmente super le appreciation del objecto ipse: illo es un placer disinteressate, e nos senti que le judicios pure de gusto (i.e., judicios de beltate) reclama validitate universal.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§ 20–22</ref> Iste validitate universal non deriva de un concepto determinate de beltate, sed de le ''senso commun''.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §40</ref> Kant credeva anque que un judicio de gusto comparti characteristicas con un judicio moral: ambes es disinteressate, e nos considera les universalmente valide.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §59</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Guyer |first=Paul |title=Kant and the Claims of Taste |year=1997 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674500358 |pages=15–20}}</ref> In le capitulo "Analytica del Sublime", Kant identifica le [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] como un qualitate aesthetic que, como le beltate, es subjective, sed que, a differentia del beltate, se refere a un relation indeterminate inter le facultates del imagination e del ration. Illo comparti anque le character del judicamentos moral in su implication del ration.<ref>{{cite book |last=Clewis |first=Robert R. |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |year=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521760867 |pages=48–52}}</ref> Le sentimento del sublime, dividite in duo modos distincte (le sublime mathematic e le sublime dynamic),<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §24</ref> describe duo momentos subjective concernente le relation del facultate del imagination al ration. Alcun commentatores sustene que le philosophia critic de Kant contine un tertie typo del sublime, le sublime moral, que es le responsa aesthetic al lege moral o a un representation, e un disveloppamento del sublime "nobile" in le theoria de Kant de 1764.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clewis |first=Robert |year=2009 |title=The Kantian Sublime and the Revelation of Freedom |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url=[http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |access-date=8 December 2011 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=[http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US](http://web.archive.org/web/20121020224616/http://www.cambridge.org/us/knowledge/isbn/item2326741/?site_locale=en_US) |url-status=live }}</ref>
Le sublime mathematic resulta del fallimento del imagination a comprender objectos natural que appare sin limites e sin forma, o que appare "absolute grande".<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§23–25</ref> Iste fallimento imaginative es alora recuperate per le placer prendite in le assertion del ration del concepto de infinito. In iste movimento le facultate del ration prova esser superior a nostre fallibile self sensibile.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§25–26</ref> In le sublime dynamic, il ha le senso de annihilation del self sensibile quando le imagination tenta comprender un potentia enorme. Iste potentia del natura nos mena, sed per le resistentia del ration a tal annihilation sensibile, le subjecto senti un placer e un senso del vocation moral human. Iste appreciation del sentimento moral per medio del exposition al [[Sublime (philosophy)|sublime]] adjuta a developpar le character moral.<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §§28–29</ref> Kant developpava un theoria del [[Humor|humor]],<ref>Kant, ''CPJ'' §54</ref> que ha essite interpretate como un theoria del "incongruentia". Il illustrava su theoria del humor per narrar tres scherzos in le ''Critica del Judicio''. Il pensava que le impacto physiologic del humor es simile a illo del musica.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jakobidze-Gitman|first=Alexander|title=Kant's Situated Approach to Musicking and Joking|journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary Music Studies|year=2020|volume=10|pages=17–33|doi=10.25364/24.10:2020.2}}</ref>
Kant developpava un distinction inter un objecto de arte como valor material subjecte al conventiones del societate e le condition transcendental del judicio de gusto como un valor "refinate" in su ''Idea pro un Historia Universal con un Fin Cosmopolita'' (1784). In le Quarte e Quinte Theses de iste obra ille identificava tote arte como le "fructos del insociabilitate" debite al "antagonismo in societate" del homines<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:20–22</ref> e, in le Septime These, affirmava que, ben que tal proprietate material es indicative de un stato civilisate, sol le ideal del moralitate e le universalisation del valor refine per le melioration del mente "appartene a cultura".<ref>Kant, ''UH'' 8:24–26.</ref>
===Anthropologia===
Kant faceva lectiones super [[Historia del anthropologia|anthropologia]], le studio del natura human, durante vinti-tres annos.<ref><nowiki>{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Holly |title=Kant's Pragmatic Anthropology |url=</nowiki>[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils) |url-access=limited |date=2006 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany |isbn=978-0791468494 |page=[[https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21](https://archive.org/details/kantspragmatican00wils/page/n21<nowiki>) 7]}}</nowiki></ref> Su ''[[Anthropologia ab un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' esseva publicate in 1798. Transcriptiones del lectiones de Kant super anthropologia esseva publicate pro le prime vice in 1997 in germano.<ref>Thomas Sturm, ''Kant und die Wissenschaften vom Menschen'' (Paderborn: Mentis Verlag, 2009).</ref> Kant esseva inter le prime personas de su epocha a introducer le anthropologia como area intellectual de studio, multo ante que le campo deveniva popular, e su textos es considerate como habente facite progressar le campo. Su puncto de vista influentiava le obras de philosophos posterior como [[Martin Heidegger]] e [[Paul Ricœur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piercey |first1=Robert |last2=Philosophy Documentation Center |date=2011 |title=Kant and the Problem of Hermeneutics: Heidegger and Ricoeur on the Transcendental Schematism |url=[http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection](http://www.pdcnet.org/oom/service?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=&rft.imuse_id=idstudies_2011_0041_0003_0187_0202&svc_id=info:www.pdcnet.org/collection) |journal=Idealistic Studies |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–202 |doi=10.5840/idstudies201141315 |issn=0046-8541|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Kant esseva le prime a suggerer le uso de un approccio dimensional al diversitate human. Il analysava le natura del [[Hippocrate]]-[[Galen]] [[quatro temperamentos]] e representava in duo dimensiones "lo que pertine al facultate del desiderio de un esser human": "su aptitude natural o disposition natural" e "su temperamento o sensibilitate".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:285</ref> Le colericos esseva describite como emotional e energetic, le flemmaticos como equilibrate e debile, le sanguinees como equilibrate e energetic, e le melancholicos como emotional e debile. Iste duo dimensiones reapparer in tote le modelos subsequente de temperamento e tractos de personalitate. Kant considerava le anthropologia in duo grande categorias: (1) le approccio physiologic, que ille appellava "lo que le natura face del esser human"; e (2) le approccio pragmatic, que explora le cosas que un human "pote e debe facer de se ipse".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:119</ref>
====Vistas super le racia====
Le theoria de Kant super le racia e su opiniones prejudicial es inter le areas le plus controverse del recerca kantian recente.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1438443614 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany, New York |pages=12–30 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Zorn |first=Daniel-Pascal |title=Kant—a Racist? |url=[https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/](https://public-history-weekly.org/8-2020-8/kant-a-racist/) |journal=Public History Weekly |year=2020 |volume=2020 |issue=8 |doi=10.1515/phw-2020-17156 |s2cid=225247836 |issn=2197-6376 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}<!-- <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kleingeld |first=Pauline |date=October 2007 |title=Kant's Second Thoughts on Race |url=https://philarchive.org/rec/KLEKST |journal=Philosophical Quarterly |volume=57 |issue=229 |pages=573–592 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.498.x}}</ref>--> Ben que pauc, si alcun, contesta le racismo manifeste e le chauvinismo presente in su obra, un question plus contestate es le grado in le qual illo degrada o invalida su altere contributiones. Su criticos le plus sever asserta que Kant manipulava intentionalmente le scientia pro supportar le sclavitude e le discrimination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eze |first=Emmanuel |chapter=The Color of Reason: the Idea of 'Race' in Kant's Anthropology |date=1997 |url=[https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO](https://philpapers.org/rec/EZETCO) |title=Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader |pages=103–140 |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |publisher=Blackwell |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serequeberhan |first=T. |date=1996 |title=Eurocentrism in Philosophy: the Case of Immanuel Kant |journal=The Philosophical Forum |s2cid=170547963 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Alteres recognosce que ille viveva in un epocha de scientia immatur, con multe credentias erronee, alcun racist, tote apparente decennios ante le evolution, le genetica molecular e altere scientias que hodie es considerate como evidente.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Philosophy Junkie: Immanuel Kant's Racism and Sexism with Professors Lucy Allais and Helga Varden on Apple Podcasts |url=[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/immanuel-kants-racism-and-sexism-with-professors/id1512137924?i=1000496715962) |access-date=20 April 2023 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geismann |first=Georg |date=1 January 2022 |title=Why Kant Was Not a 'Racist' |url=[https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist](https://elibrary.duncker-humblot.com/article/69870/why-kant-was-not-a-racist) |journal=Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik/Annual Review of Law and Ethics |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=263–357 |doi=10.3790/jre.30.1.263 |s2cid=255676303 |issn=0944-4610|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Kant esseva un del pensatores plus notabile del [[Illuminismo]] a defender le racismo. Le philosopho [[Charles W. Mills]] es inequivoc: "Kant es etiam considerate como un del figuras central in le nascentia del racismo 'scientific' moderne. Dum altere contributores al pensamento racial precoce como Carolus Linnaeus e Johann Friedrich Blumenbach habeva offerite solmente observationes 'empiric' (virgulettes de cautela necessari!), Kant produceva un ''theoria'' complete del racia."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112|p=95}}
Exemplos de su commentarios racistas pote esser trovate in ''Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime'', ubi ille rejecta le opinion de un "carpintero negro" dicente:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |title=Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-521-71113-5 |edition=1 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> <blockquote>Il poterea haber hic qualcosa digne de consideration, excepto le facto que <u>iste scelerato esseva completemente nigre de capite a pede, un prova distincte que lo que ille diceva esseva stupide</u>.</blockquote>Il usa etiam assertiones de [[David Hume|Hume]] pro formular opiniones raciste:<ref name=":3" /> <blockquote>Le negros de Africa <u>ha per natura nulle sentimento que se eleva supra le ridiculo</u>. Sr. Hume provoca quicunque a citar un sol exemplo ubi un negro ha demonstrate talentos, e asserta que inter le centos de milles de negros que ha essite transportate alterubi ab lor paises, ben que multes de illes ha essite liberate, tamen <u>nulle ha unquam essite trovate qui ha accomplishite alque grande in le arte o in le scientia o monstrate ulle altere qualitate digne de laude, durante que inter le blancos il ha sempre illes qui se eleva del plus basse plebe e per dons extraordinari gania le respecto del mundo. Assi essential es le differentia inter iste duo typos human, e illo pare esser tanto grande con respecto al capacitate del mente como con respecto al color.</u> Le religion del fetiches, que es diffundite inter illes, es forsan un sorta de idolatria, que cade tanto profundemente in le ridiculo como pare esser possibile pro le natura human. Un penna de ave, un corno de vacca, un concha, o qualcunque altere cosa commun, tosto que illo es consecrate con certe parolas, deveni un objecto de veneration e de invocation durante le juramentos. <u>Le negros es multo vanitose, ma al maniera del Negro, e assi loquace que illes debe esser separate le unes ab le alteres per colpos.</u></blockquote>
Il deride etiam le costumes de terras non-europee como China, India, Japon e Arabia. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>In Peking, quando il ha un eclipse del sol o del luna, illes continua ancora le ceremonia de expeller con un grande strepito le dracon que devorarea iste corpos celeste, e <u>illes conserva un costume miserabile ab le plus ancian tempores de ignorantia</u>, ben que ora on es melior informate.</blockquote>
In su ''De le differente racias del homine'', ille usa multo de racismo scientific pro describer differente racias. Un exemplo es:<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2016 |title=Kant on the different human races (1777) |url=[https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/](https://blackcentraleurope.com/sources/1750-1850/kant-on-the-different-human-races-1777/) |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=Black Central Europe |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>Le profusion de particulas de ferro que se trova altrimenti in le sanguine de omne esser human, e que, in iste caso, es precipitate in le substantia reticulate per le evaporation del acido phosphoric (<u>lo que explica proque tote le negros ha mal odor</u>), es le causa del nigritie que brilla trans le epidermide. Le pesante contento de ferro in le sanguine pare etiam esser necessari pro impedir le debilitamento de tote le partes del corpore. Le pelle oleose, que debilita le mucus nutritive necessari al crescimento del capillos, permitte a pena le production del lana que coper le testa. <u>In plus, le calor humide generalmente promove le forte crescimento del animales.</u> In breve, tote iste factores explica le origine del Negro, <u>qui es ben adaptate a su clima, isto es, forte, carnal e agile.</u> Tamen, proque ille es assi abundantemente provite per su terra natal, <u>ille es etiam pigre, indolente e morose.</u></blockquote>
Pro justificar le superioritate del blancos, ille scribe in le mesme essay:<ref name=":4" /><blockquote>Inter le blancos, tamen, iste acidos e le contento alkaline volatile non es reflectite del toto proque le ferro in le liquores corporee ha essite dissolvite, monstrante assi tanto le <u>perfecte mixtura del liquores como le fortia de iste stirpe human in comparation con alteres.</u></blockquote>
Usante le [[quatro temperamentos]] del Grecia antique, Kant proponeva un hierarchia de categorias racial includente europeos blancos, africanos negros e americanos indigenas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Immanuel |chapter=On the Different Races of Man |title=Race and the Enlightenment: a reader |url=https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse |publisher=Blackwell |year=1997 |isbn=063120136X |editor-last=Eze |editor-first=Emmanuel Chukwudi |location=Cambridge, Mass. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceenlightenmen0000unse/page/38 38]–49 |oclc=34663347 |orig-date=1775, 1777}}</ref> Ben que ille esseva un defensor del [[racismo scientific]] durante le major parte de su carriera, le opiniones de Kant super le racia cambiava significantemente durante le ultime decennio de su vita, e ille finalmente rejectava le [[colonialismo]] europee in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795), e possibilemente abandonava su opiniones super le hierarchias racial tamben (ben que ille nunquam los repudiava explicitemente).{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=91–112}}<ref name=":2" />{{efn|Kant scribeva que "[Le blancos] contine tote le impulsos del natura in affectiones e passiones, tote le talentos, tote le dispositiones al cultura e civilisation e pote tanto facilemente obedir como governar. Illes es le sol personas qui sempre progresse verso le perfection." Il describe le sud-asiaticos como "educate al grado le plus alte ma solmente in le artes e non in le scientias". Il dice que le Hindustanis nunquam pote attinger le nivello del conceptos abstracte e que un "grande hindustani" es un qui ha "progresso multo in le arte del deception e possede multe moneta". Il affirma que le hindus remane sempre como illes es e nunquam pote progressar. Super le africanos negros, Kant scribeva que "illos pote esser educate ma solmente como servientes, isto es, illes se lassa formar". Pro Kant, "le Negro pote esser disciplinate e cultivate, ma nunquam es vermente civilisate. Il cade de su proprie accordo in le savagitate." Super le americanos indigenas, Kant opinava que illes "non pote esser educate". Il los appellava immotivate, carente de affection, passion e amor, e los describerea como troppo debile pro labor, inapte a ulle cultura, e troppo [[Quatro temperamentos|flemmatic]] pro diligentia. Il diceva que le americanos indigenas es "multo infra le Negro, qui sin dubita occupa le plus basse de tote le nivellos restante per le quales nos designa le differente racias". Kant declarava que "le americanos e le negros non pote governar se mesme. Illes servi assi solmente como sclavos."{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=169–193}}{{sfn|Bowersox|2016}}}} Kant esseva un adversario del [[Miscegenation|miscigenation]], credente que le blancos esserea "degradate" e que le "fusion de racias" es indesirabile, proque "non cata racia adopta le costumes e le mores del europeos". Il declara que "in loco del assimilation, que esseva intendite per le mixtura del varie racias, le natura ha hic facite un lege justo del contrario".<ref>Kant ''APPV'' 7:320</ref> Kant esseva etiam un antisemita, credente que le [[Judaeos|judeos]] esseva incapace de transcender le fortias material, lo que un ordine moral exigeva. In iste maniera, le judeos es presentate como le contrario de christianos autonome e rational, e ergo incapace de esser incorporate in un societate christian etic. In su "Anthropologia", Kant appellava le judeos "un nation de fraudatores" e los representava como "un gruppo que ha sequite non le via del libertate transcendental ma illo del sclavitude al mundo material".{{sfn|Shrage|2019}}
Mills scribeva que Kant ha essite "purificate pro le consumption public"; su obras raciste esseva convenientemente ignorate.{{sfn|Mills|2017|pp=95–97}} [[Robert Bernasconi]] affirmava que Kant "forniva le prime definition scientific de racia". [[Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze]] es creditate con haber portate al lumine le contributiones de Kant al racismo durante le annos 1990 inter le philosophos occidental, qui, secundo ille, frequentemente dissimulava iste parte de su vita e obra.{{sfn|Bouie|2018}} Pauline Kleingeld argumenta que, ben que Kant "defendeva un hierarchia racial al minus usque al fin del annos 1780", su opiniones super le racia cambiava significantemente in obras publicate durante le ultime decennio de su vita. In particular, illa argumenta que Kant rejectava opiniones anterior ligate al hierarchias racial e al derectos o statuto moral diminuite de non-blancos in ''[[Pace perpetue: un projecto philosophic|Pace perpetue]]'' (1795). Iste obra contineva etiam argumentos extensive contra le [[colonialismo]] europee, que ille declarava moralmente injuste e incompatibile con le derectos equal possedite per le populationes indigene. Kleingeld argumenta que iste cambio in le opiniones de Kant plus tarde in su vita ha essite frequentemente oblidate o ignorate in le litteratura super le anthropologia raciste de Kant, e que le cambio suggere un recognition tardive del facto que le hierarchia racial esseva incompatibile con un quadro moral universalitate.{{sfn|Kleingeld|2007|pp=573–592}}
Ben que le rhetoric raciste de Kant es indicative del stato del erudition e del scientia in le XVIII seculo, le philosopho german [[Daniel-Pascal Zorn]] explica le risco de prender citationes del epocha foras de lor contexto. Multe del citationes le plus outrageous de Kant proveni ab un serie de articulos de 1777–1788, un intercambio public inter Kant, Herder, le scientista natural [[Georg Forster]], e altere eruditos eminente de ille epocha.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Kant and the Concept of Race: late eighteenth-century writings |date=2013 |others=Jon M. Mikkelsen |isbn=978-1461943129 |editor-last=Mikkelsen |editor-first=Jon M. |location=Albany |oclc=861693001 |publisher=State University of New York Press}}</ref>{{sfn|Kuehn|2001|pp=298–301, 343–345}}<ref>cf. Kant, ''DCHR'' 8:91–106</ref> Kant affirma que tote le racias del humanitate es del mesme specie, contestante le position de Forster e alteres que le racias esseva species distincte. Ben que su commentario es clarmente partial in alcun casos, certe assertiones extreme esseva specialmente formulate pro paraphrasar o contradir Forster e altere autores.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Considerante le arco complete del erudition de Kant, Zorn nota le progression tanto in su obras philosophic como anthropologic, "con le qual ille argumenta, contra le ''zeitgeist'', pro le unitate del humanitate".<ref name=":1" />
==== Vistas super le feminas ====
Le opiniones de Kant super le feminas pote esser trovate in su obras como ''Observationes'' (1764) e ''Anthropologia'' (1798), in le quales, negante al feminas le plen capacitate pro principios moral e le equal stato civic, ille los tracta como moralmente e politicemente subordinate al homines, e non como agentes complete in lor proprie derecto. Kant credeva que homines e feminas es naturalmente differente e debe sviluppar differente typos de excellentia: le homines es characterisate per ration, principios e le "sublime", durante que le feminas es characterisate per sentimento, beltate e sensibilitate. Il susteneva que le feminas es intelligente, ma credeva que illas non age secundo principios moral abstracte in le mesme maniera que le homines; in vice de isto, illas possede un "belle virtute" fundate super sympathia, cura e judicio emotional plus tosto que super deber rational. In su obra precoce ille videva iste virtute feminine como valorose e socialmente benefic, ma in su scriptos posterior ille negava sempre plus le capacitate del feminas pro ver autonomia moral, argumentante que solmente le action rational governate per principios constitue le plen virtute. Como resultato, Kant veniva a considerar le feminas como inadapte al plen equalitate moral e politic, assignante les un rolo principal in le matrimonio, le harmonia social e le refinamento del societate, plus tosto que in un vita moral o civic independente.<ref name=":3" />
==Influentia e hereditage==
[[File:300Jahrfeier.jpg|thumb|Poster celebrante le 300 annos del [[Universitate de Königsberg]], 1844. Inter alteres, Kant e [[Johann Friedrich Herbart]] es honorate.]]
Le influentia de Kant super le pensamento occidental ha essite profunde.{{efn|Oliver A. Johnson asserta que, "con le possibile exception del ''Republica'' de Plato, (''Critica del ration pur'') es le libro philosophic le plus importante jam scripte." Articulo super Kant in le collection ''Great thinkers of the Western World'', Ian P. McGreal, Ed., HarperCollins, 1992.}} Ben que le principios basic del [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant (isto es, que le spatio e le tempore es formas ''a priori'' del perception human plus tosto que proprietates real e le assertion que le logica formal e le logica transcendental coincide) ha essite declarate false per le scientia e le logica moderne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Strawson|first=Peter|title=Bounds of Sense: Essay on Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"|year=1966|url=https://archive.org/details/boundsofsenseess0000stra_u5x0|id={{ASIN|0415040302|country=uk}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Einstein on Kant|url=https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html|access-date=2 September 2020|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html#:~:text=Einstein%20wrote:,withstand%20the%20test%20of%20time.&text=However,%20if%20one%20does%20not,and%20norms%20of%20Kant%27s%20system.|url-status=live|accessdate=25 August 2026|archivedate=9 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809030743/https://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/significance_GR_geometry/Einstein_on_Kant.html}}]()</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Perrick|first=Michael|date=1985|title=Kant and Kripke on Necessary Empirical Truths|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mind_1985-10_94_376/page/596|journal=Mind|volume=94|issue=376|pages=596–598|doi=10.1093/mind/XCIV.376.596|jstor=2254731|issn=0026-4423}}</ref> e non determina plus le agenda intellectual del philosophos contemporanee, Kant es creditate con haber innovate le maniera in que le investigation philosophic esseva effectuate al minus usque al initio del dece-none seculo.<!--not very long! early twentieth?--> Iste cambio consisteva de plure innovationes intimemente relationate que, ben que multo controverse in se mesme, deveniva importante in philosophia ulterior e in le scientias social in senso large:
* Le subjecto human vidite como le centro del investigation del cognoscentia human, de sorta que es impossibile philosophar super cosas como illos existe independentemente del perception human o de como illos es "pro nos";<ref>Stephen Palmquist, "The Architectonic Form of Kant's Copernican Logic", ''Metaphilosophy'' 17:4 (October 1986), pp. 266–288; revised and reprinted as Chapter III of [[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) Kant's System of Perspectives] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1](https://web.archive.org/web/20120414204136/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/ksp1) |date=14 April 2012 }}: An architectonic interpretation of the Critical philosophy (Lanham: University Press of America, 1993).</ref>
* le notion que il es possibile discoperir e explorar systematicamente le limites inherente del capacitate human de cognoscer completemente ''a priori'';
* le notion del "imperative categoric", un assertion que le personas es naturalmente dotate del capacitate e del obligation verso le recte ration e le action. Forsan su citation le plus famose es prendite del ''Critica del ration practic'': "Duo cosas plen mi mente de admiration e reverentia sempre nove e crescente ... : ''le celo stellate supra me e le lege moral intra me''";<ref>Kant, ''CPracR'' 5:161</ref>
* le concepto de "conditiones de possibilitate", como in su notion del "conditiones del experientia possibile"; isto es, que cosas, cognoscentia e formas de conscientia se basa super conditiones precedente que los rende possibile, de sorta que, pro comprender o cognoscer los, plure conditiones debe esser comprendite:
** le assertion que le experientia objective es activemente constituite o construite per le functionamento del mente human;
** le concepto del autonomia moral como central al humanitate; e
** le assertion del principio que le esseres human debe esser tractate como fines e non simplemente como medios.
* le [[Distinction analytic–synthetic|distinction analytic-synthetic]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | chapter=The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction | date=2023 | publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University | chapter-url=[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/analytic-synthetic/#Kan) }}</ref>
Le ideas de Kant ha essite incorporate in un varietate de scholas de pensamento. Illos include [[Idealismo german|idealismo german]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Beiser |first=Frederick C. |author-link=Frederick C. Beiser |title=German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801 |url=https://archive.org/details/germanidealismst0000beis |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |date=2002 |isbn=978-0674007703 |pages=Part I}}</ref> [[Marxismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=McLellan |first=David |title=Marxism after Marx |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=1998 |isbn=978-0333738399 |pages=22–25}}</ref> [[Positivismo|positivismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kolakowski |first=Leszek |title=Positivist Philosophy: From Hume to the Vienna Circle |url=https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1972 |isbn=0140212248 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/positivistphilos0000koak/page/67 67]–69}}</ref> [[Phenomenologia (philosophia)|phenomenologia]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Carman |first=Taylor |title=Merleau-Ponty |publisher=Routledge |date=2008 |isbn=978-0415360616 |pages=34–36}}</ref> [[Existentialismo|existentialismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaufmann |first=Walter |title=Existentialism: From Dostoevsky to Sartre |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301 |publisher=Meridian Books |date=1989 |isbn=978-0452009301 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780452009301/page/n10 9]–12}}</ref> [[Theoria critic|theoria critic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Habermas |first=Jürgen |title=The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe |publisher=MIT Press |date=1987 |isbn=978-0745608303 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/philosophicaldis0000habe/page/109 109]–113}}</ref> [[Philosophia linguistic|philosophia linguistic]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dummett |first=Michael |title=Origins of Analytical Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1996 |isbn=978-0674644731 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/originsofanalyti0000dumm/page/45 45]–47}}</ref> [[Structuralismo|structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Piaget |first=Jean |title=Structuralism |publisher=Routledge |date=2001 |isbn=978-0415262491 |pages=10–12}}</ref> [[Poststructuralismo|post-structuralismo]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Norris |first=Christopher |title=Deconstruction: Theory and Practice |url=https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr |publisher=Routledge |date=2003 |isbn=978-0415061742 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/deconstructionth00norr/page/40 40]–42}}</ref> e [[Deconstruction|deconstruction]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Culler |first=Jonathan |title=On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0801479182 |pages=53–56}}</ref>
===Influentia historic===
[[File:Kant Kaliningrad.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Statua de Kant in [[Kaliningrad]], Russia. Replica per {{Interlanguage link|Harald Haacke|de}} del original per [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], que esseva perdite in 1945.]]
Durante su proprie vita, multo attention critic esseva dedicate al pensamento de Kant. Il influentiava [[Karl Leonhard Reinhold|Reinhold]], [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling|Schelling]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], e [[Novalis]] durante le annos 1780 e 1790. [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] esseva grandemente influentiate per Kant e adjutava a diffunder le cognoscentia de ille, e del Idealismo german in general, in le Regno Unite e le Statos Unite. In su ''[[Biographia Literaria]]'' (1817), ille attribue al ideas de Kant su conviction que le mente non es un agente passive, ma un agente active in le apprehension del realitate. Hegel esseva un del prime grande criticos de Kant. Secundo Hegel, le integre projecto de separar un "subjecto transcendental" (isto es, le conscientia human) tanto del individuo vivente como del natura, historia e societate esseva fundamentalmente defective,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline|year=1827|location=Heidelberg|pages=14–15}}</ref> ben que partes de ille projecto poteva esser utilisate in un nove direction. Concernements similar motivava le criticas de Hegel del concepto de autonomia moral de Kant, al qual Hegel opponeva un ethica centrate super le "vita ethic" del communitate.{{efn|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, ''Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences''. trans. T.M. Knox. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975. Hegel's mature view and his concept of "ethical life" is elaborated in his ''Philosophy of Right''. Hegel, ''Philosophy of Right''. trans. T.M. Knox. Oxford University Press, 1967.}} In un senso, le notion de Hegel del "vita ethic" es intendite a includer, plus tosto que reimplaciar, le [[Ethica kantian|ethica kantian]]. E Hegel pote esser vidite como attemptante defender le idea de libertate de Kant como un superar le "desiderios" finite per medio del ration. Assi, in contrasto con criticos ulterior como Nietzsche o Russell, Hegel comparti alcun del preoccupationes de Kant.{{efn|Robert Pippin's ''Hegel's Idealism'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) emphasizes the continuity of Hegel's concerns with Kant's. Robert Wallace, ''Hegel's Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) explains how Hegel's ''Science of Logic'' defends Kant's idea of freedom as going beyond finite "inclinations", contra skeptics such as David Hume.}}
Le pensamento de Kant super le religion esseva usate in Britannia per philosophos como [[Thomas Carlyle]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cody |first=David |date= |title=Carlyle: Sources and Influence |url=[https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html](https://victorianweb.org/authors/carlyle/sources.html) |access-date=28 July 2023 |website=The Victorian Web}}</ref> pro contestar le declino del fide religiose in le dece-none seculo. Autores catholic britanno, notabilemente [[G. K. Chesterton]] e [[Hilaire Belloc]], sequeva iste approccio.<ref>{{cite book |last=Morse |first=David |title=The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism |url=https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333913918 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageofvirtuebriti0000davi/page/198 198]–200}}</ref> Criticas de Kant esseva commun in le vistas realista del nove [[Positivismo|positivismo]] de ille tempore. [[Arthur Schopenhauer]] esseva fortemente influentiate per le [[Idealismo transcendental|idealismo transcendental]] de Kant. Como [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi]], [[Salomon Maimon]], [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]] e Fichte ante ille, Schopenhauer esseva critic de le theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Le cosas-in-se, illes argumentava, non es ni le causa de lo que nos observa, ni completemente foras de nostre accesso. Desde le ''Critica del ration pur'', philosophos ha essite criticos del theoria de Kant del cosa-in-se. Multes ha argomentate que, si un tal cosa existe ultra le experientia, alora on non pote postular que illo nos affice causalmente, proque isto implicarea extender le categoria "causalitate" ultra le dominio del experientia.{{efn|For a review of this problem and the relevant literature see ''The Thing in Itself and the Problem of Affection'' in the revised edition of Henry Allison's ''Kant's Transcendental Idealism''.}}
Con le successo e le large influentia del scriptos de Hegel, le proprie influentia de Kant comenciava a declinar, ma un reevaluation de su ideas comenciava in Germania in 1865 con le publication de ''Kant und die Epigonen'' per [[Otto Liebmann]], cu motto esseva "Retro a Kant". Il sequeva un importante renascentia del philosophia theoric de Kant, cognoscite como [[Neo-kantianismo|neo-kantianismo]]. Le notion de Kant del "critica" ha essite plus largemente influente. Le prime romanticos german, specialmente [[Friedrich Schlegel]] in su "Fragmentos de Athenaeum", usava le conception reflexive de Kant del critica in lor theoria romantic del poesia.<ref>Schlegel, Friedrich. "Athenaeum Fragments", in ''Philosophical Fragments''. Trans. Peter Firchow. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1991. See especially fragments Nos. 1, 43, 44.</ref> In le [[aesthetica]] tamben, [[Clement Greenberg]], in su essay classic "Modernist Painting", usa le critica kantian, que Greenberg appella "critica immanente", pro justificar le objectivos del [[Arte abstracte|pictura abstracte]], un movimento que Greenberg videva como consciente del limitation clave — le planitate — que constitue le medio del pictura.<ref>Greenberg, Clement. "Modernist Painting", in ''The Philosophy of Art'', ed. Alex Neill and Aaron Ridley, McGraw-Hill, 1995.</ref> Le philosopho francese [[Michel Foucault]] esseva etiam grandemente influentiate per le notion de Kant de "critica" e scribeva plure textos super Kant pro reexaminar le Illuminismo como un forma de "pensamento critic". Il iva usque a classificar su proprie philosophia como un "historia critic del modernitate, radicate in Kant".<ref>See "Essential Works of Foucault: 1954–1984 vol. 2: Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology". Ed. by James Faubion, Trans. Robert Hurley et al. New York City: The New Press, 1998 (2010 reprint). See "Foucault, Michel, 1926 –" entry by Maurice Florence.</ref>
Kant credeva que le veritates mathematic es formas de cognoscentia [[Synthetic a priori|synthetic ''a priori'']], lo que significa que illos es necessari e universal, ma cognoscite per le intuition ''a priori'' del spatio e del tempore, como preconditiones transcendental del experientia.<ref>For a discussion and qualified defense of this position, see Stephen Palmquist, "A Priori Knowledge in Perspective: (I) Mathematics, Method and Pure Intuition", ''The Review of Metaphysics'' 41:1 (September 1987), pp. 3–22.</ref> Le commentarios frequentemente breve de Kant super le [[Mathematica|mathematica]] influentiava le schola mathematic cognoscite como [[Intuitionismo|intuitionismo]], un movimento in le [[philosophia del mathematica]] opponite al [[Formalismo (mathematica)|formalismo]] de [[David Hilbert]] e al [[Logicismo|logicismo]] de [[Gottlob Frege]] e [[Bertrand Russell]].{{efn|[[Stephan Körner|Körner, Stephan]], ''The Philosophy of Mathematics'', Dover, 1986. For an analysis of Kant's writings on mathematics see, Friedman, Michael, ''Kant and the Exact Sciences'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1992.}}
===Influentia super pensatores moderne===
[[File:DBP - 250 Jahre Immanuel Kant - 90 Pfennig - 1974.jpg|thumb|upright|Marca postalde [[Germania Occidental]], 1974, commemorante le 250me anniversario del nascentia de Kant]]
Con su ''Pace perpetue'', Kant es considerate como habente prefigurate multe del ideas que veniva a formar le [[theoria del pace democratic]], un del principal controversias in le [[scientia politic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ray|first=James Lee|url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|title=Does Democracy Cause Peace?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm|archive-date=17 February 2008|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|year=1998|volume=1|pages=27–46|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.1.1.27|doi-access=|url-access=subscription}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217032515/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm |date=17 February 2008 }}</ref> Plus concretemente, le theorista constructivista [[Alexander Wendt]] proponeva que le anarchia del systema international pote evolver ab le anarchia hobbesian "brutal" comprendite per le theoristas realista, trans [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], per le anarchia lockean, e finalmente verso un anarchia kantian in le qual le estados vidererea lor interesses proprie como inseparabilemente ligate al benesser de altere estados, transformante assi le politica international in un forma multo plus pacific.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wendt |first=Alexander |title=Social Theory of International Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/socialtheoryofin0000wend_z8x6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |pages=chapter 6}}</ref>
Inter le kantians prominente recente se trova le philosophos britanno [[P. F. Strawson]],{{efn|Strawson, P.F., ''The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason''. Routledge: 2004. When first published in 1966, this book forced many Anglo-American philosophers to reconsider Kant's ''Critique of Pure Reason''.}} [[Onora O'Neill]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|title=Onora O'Neill Wins Holberg Prize for Academic Research|last=Aridi|first=Sara|date=14 March 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 January 2019|archive-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109111404/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/books/onora-oneill-wins-holberg-prize.html|url-status=live}}</ref> e [[Quassim Cassam]],<ref>Cassam, Q. ''The Possibility of Knowledge'' Oxford: 2009</ref> e le philosophos american [[Wilfrid Sellars]],<ref>Sellars, Wilfrid, ''Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes''. Ridgeview Publishing Company, 1967</ref> [[Lewis White Beck]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&q=lEWIS+wHITE+bECK#v=snippet&q=lEWIS%20wHITE%20bECK&f=false ''Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers''. Shook, John R. Ed. Thoemmes Continuum, Bristol], 2005 p. 166 {{ISBN|9781843710370}} Lewis White Beck on Google Books</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236806211_Lewis_White_Beck_on_Reasons_and_Causes "Lewis White Beck On Reasons and Causes", Guyer, Paul. ''Journal on the History of Ideas'' July, 2002 63 (3) pp. 539–548 Lewis White Beck on researchgate.net]</ref> e [[Christine Korsgaard]].{{efn|Korsgaard, Christine. ''Creating the Kingdom of Ends''. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.{{ISBN|978-0521496445}} ''Not a commentary, but a defense of a broadly Kantian approach to ethics''.}} A causa del influentia de Strawson e Sellars, inter alteres, il ha habite un renovate interesse in le conception de Kant del mente. Central a multe debattos in le [[philosophia del psychologia]] e le [[scientia cognitiv]] es le conception de Kant del unitate del conscientia.
[[Jürgen Habermas]] e [[John Rawls]] es duo importante philosophos politic e moral cuje obra es fortemente influentiate per le philosophia moral de Kant.{{efn|See Habermas, J. ''Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action''. Trans. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1996. For Rawls see, Rawls, John. ''Theory of Justice'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971. Rawls has a well-known essay on Kant's concept of good. See, Rawls, "Themes in Kant's Moral Philosophy" in ''Kant's Transcendental Deductions''. Ed. Eckart Förster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.}} Illes ha argomentate contra le [[relativismo]],<ref>Habermas, J. (1994): The Unity of Reason in the Diversity of Its Voices. In: Habermas, J. (Ed.): ''Postmetaphysical Thinking. Political Essays'', Cambridge, Massachusetts: 115–148.</ref> supportante le opinion kantian que le universalitate es essential a omne philosophia moral viabile. Le studio de [[Mou Zongsan]] super Kant ha essite citate como un parte multo crucial in le disveloppamento del philosophia personal de Mou, specialmente le [[Neo-confucianismo|Neo-confucianismo]]. Largemente considerate le studioso de Kant le plus influente in China, le critique rigorose de Mou del philosophia de Kant — habente traducite le tres [[Critica del ration pur|criticas]] de Kant — serviva como un attempto ardente de reconciliar le philosophia chinese e occidental durante que illo accresceva le pression pro [[Westernization|occidentalisation]] in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Palmquist |first1=Stephen |title=Cultivating Personhood: Kant and Asian Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm |url-access=limited |year= 2010 |publisher=De Gruyter, Inc. |location=Hong Kong |isbn=978-3110226249|page=[https://archive.org/details/cultivatingperso00palm/page/n43 25] |edition=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wing-Cheuk |first1=Chan |title=Mou Zongsan's Transformation of Kant's Philosophy |journal=Journal of Chinese Philosophy |date=21 February 2006 |volume=33 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6253.2006.00340.x }}</ref>
[[File:Kant-Münze DDR.jpg|thumb|upright|Moneta commemorative del [[Germania Oriental|Germania Oriental]] in honor de Kant, 1974]]
A causa del profunditate del cambio de paradigma de Kant, su influentia se extende multo ultra isto a pensatores qui ni refere specificamente a su obra ni usa su terminologia. Le influentia de Kant se extendeva al scientias social, comportamental e physic — como in le sociologia de [[Max Weber]], le psychologia de [[Jean Piaget]] e [[Carl Jung]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Whether jung was a kantian? |journal=Con-Textos Kantianos |year=2016 |issue=4 |pages=118–126 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.2550828 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719 |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220055819/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323218719_Whether_jung_was_a_kantian |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balanovskiy |first1=Valentin |title=Kant and Jung on the prospects of Scientific Psychology |journal=Estudos Kantianos |year=2017 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=357–390 |doi=10.36311/2318-0501.2017.v5n1.26.p375 |url=https://philpapers.org/archive/BALIKA.pdf |doi-access=free |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date= |archive-url= |url-status= }}</ref> Le obra de Kant super mathematica e cognoscentia synthetic ''a priori'' es etiam citate per le physico theoric [[Albert Einstein]] como un influentia precoce super su disveloppamento intellectual, ben que illo esseva un influentia que ille plus tarde criticava e rejectava.<ref>Isaacson, Walter. "Einstein: His Life and Universe". p. 20.</ref> In le annos 2020, il ha essite un interesse renovate in le theoria de Kant super le mente ab le puncto de vista del [[logica formal]] e del [[informatica]].<ref>Theodora Achourioti & Michiel van Lambalgen, 'A Formalization of Kant's Transcendental Logic', ''The Review of Symbolic Logic'', 4 (2011), 254–289.</ref>
===Lista de obras major===
Abbreviationes usate in le corpore del articulo es in '''grasse''' inter consolas. Salvo indication contraire, le pagination es celle del edition critic ''Akademie'', que pote esser trovate in le margines del traductiones de Cambridge.
* 1749: ''[[Pensamentos super le estimation ver de fortias vivente]]'' (''Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte'')
* 1755: ''[[Historia natural universal e theoria del celos]]'' ['''UNH'''] ({{lang|de|Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels}})
* 1755: ''Breve esquisse de certe meditationes super le foco'' (''Meditationum quarundam de igne succinta delineatio'' ([[thesis de magistro]] sub [[Johann Gottfried Teske]])<ref>The thesis was submitted on 17 April 1755. "The public examination was held four weeks later on 13 May, and the degree was formally awarded on 12 June" (Eric Watkins, ''Kant: Natural Science'', Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 309).</ref><ref>Eric Watkins (ed.), ''Kant and the Sciences'', Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 27.</ref><ref>Martin Schonfeld, ''The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 74.</ref><ref>Available [[https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) online at Bonner Kant-Korpus] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306131152/https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg-essen.de/kant/aa01/369.html) |date=6 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1755: ''Un nove elucidation del principios prime de cognition metaphysic'' (''Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio'' ([[thesis doctoral]]))<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 27 September 1755 (Kuehn 2001, p. 100).</ref>
* 1756: ''Le uso in philosophia natural de metaphysica combinate con geometria, parte I: Monadologia physic'' ['''PM'''] (''Metaphysicae cum geometrica iunctae usus in philosophia naturali, cuius specimen I. continet monadologiam physicam'', abbreviate como ''Monadologia Physica'' ([[thesis de habilitation]] como requisito pro un position de [[professor extraordinari]]))<ref>Kant's application for the position was unsuccessful. He defended it on 10 April 1756 (Kuehn 2001, p. 102).</ref>
* 1762: ''[[Le false subtilitate del quatro figuras syllogistic]]'' (''Die falsche Spitzfindigkeit der vier syllogistischen Figuren'')
* 1763: ''[[Le sol argumento possibile in supporto de un demonstration del existentia de Deo]]'' (''Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseins Gottes'')
* 1763: ''Tentativa de introducer le concepto de magnitudes negative in philosophia'' ['''NQ'''] (''Versuch den Begriff der negativen Größen in die Weltweisheit einzuführen'')
* 1764: ''[[Observationes super le sentimento del belle e del sublime]]'' ['''OFBS'''] (''Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen'')
* 1764: ''Essay super le morbo del capite'' (''Über die Krankheit des Kopfes'')
* 1764: ''Investigation concernente le distinction del principios del theologia natural e del moralitate'' (le ''Essay premiate'') ['''PNTM'''] (''Untersuchungen über die Deutlichkeit der Grundsätze der natürlichen Theologie und der Moral'')
* 1766: ''[[Somnios de un visionario de spiritos]]'' ['''DSS'''] (''Träume eines Geistersehers'')<ref>Available [[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant](https://archive.org/details/dreamsofspiritse00kant) online at Archive.org].</ref>
* 1768: ''Super le fundamento ultime del differentiation del regiones in spatio'' [1768] (''Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume'')<ref>Immanuel Kant, [[https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) "Concerning the ultimate ground of the differentiation of directions in space"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU](https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082315/https://philpapers.org/rec/KANCTU) |date=16 July 2018 }}.</ref>
* 1770: ''Dissertation super le forma e principios del mundo sensibile e intelligibile'' ['''ID'''] (''De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis'' [thesis doctoral])<ref>The thesis was publicly disputed on 21 August 1770 (Kuehn 2001, p. 189).</ref><ref>Available [[https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) online at Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123](https://web.archive.org/web/20200803105335/https://books.google.com/books?id=dNRKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123) |date=3 August 2020 }}.</ref><ref>English translation available [[:s:Kant's Inaugural Dissertation of 1770|online at Wikisource]].</ref>
* 1775: ''Super le differente racias del homines'' (''Über die verschiedenen Rassen der Menschen'')
* 1781: Prime edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR A''']<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The](http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|title=The) Critique of Pure Reason|publisher=Etext.library.adelaide.edu.au|access-date=24 July 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2](https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072513/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/k/kant/immanuel/k16p/|archive-date=2) December 2008}}</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 1. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://web.archive.org/web/20070609150201/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krva/krva.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1783: ''[[Prolegomenos a omne metaphysica futur]]'' ['''PFM'''] (''Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik'')
* 1784: "[[Un responsa al question: Quid es le Illumination?]]" ['''WE?'''] ("''Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?''")<ref>{{cite web|author=Frank-Christian Lilienweihs|url=[http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklaerung?|publisher=Prometheusonline.de|date=10 June 1999|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 August 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090801001752/http://www.prometheusonline.de/heureka/philosophie/klassiker/kant/aufklaerung.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1784: "[[Idea pro un historia universal con un fin cosmopolita]]" ['''UH'''] ("''Idee zu einer allgemeinen Geschichte in weltbürgerlicher Absicht''")
* 1785: "Determination del concepto de un racia human" ['''DCHR'''] (''Bestimmung des Begriffs einer Menschenrace'')
* 1785: ''[[Fundamento del metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''G'''] (''Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten'')
* 1786: ''[[Fundamentos metaphysic del scientia natural]]'' ['''MFNS'''] (''Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft'')
* 1786: "Que significa orientar se in le pensar?" ['''OT'''] ("''Was heißt: sich im Denken orientieren?''")
* 1786: ''[[Incipiente conjectural del historia human]]'' ['''CB'''] (''Mutmaßlicher Anfang der Menschengeschichte'')
* 1787: Secunde edition del ''[[Critica del ration pur]]'' ['''CPuR B''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique](http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|title=Critique) of Pure Reason|publisher=Hkbu.edu.hk|date=31 October 2003|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=27 April 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090427130629/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/cpr/toc.html|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der reinen Vernunft – 2. Auflage – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|date=20 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=26 December 2005|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20051226212924/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/krvb/krvb.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1788: ''[[Critica del ration practic]]'' ['''CPracR'''] (''Kritik der praktischen Vernunft'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150443/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/kritikpr/kritikpr.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1790: ''[[Critica del judicio]]'' ['''CPJ'''] (''Kritik der Urteilskraft'')
* 1793: ''[[Religion intra le limites del ration pur]]'' ['''RBMR'''] (''Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft'')<ref name="KReligion"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion](http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|title=Religion) within the Limits of Reason Alone by Immanuel Kant 1793|publisher=Marxists.org|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=1 June 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090601192705/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/kant/religion/religion-within-reason.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1793: ''Super le ancian proverbio: Que pote esser correcte in theoria, ma non functiona in le practica'' ['''TP'''] (''Über den Gemeinspruch: Das mag in der Theorie richtig sein, taugt aber nicht für die Praxis'')
* 1795: ''[[Pace perpetue: un esquisse philosophic]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel](http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant, "Perpetual Peace"|publisher=Mountr Holyoke |access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161945/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/kant/kant1.htm|url-status=live}})</ref> ['''PP'''] ("''Zum ewigen Frieden''")<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel](http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|title=Immanuel) Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden, 12.02.2004 (Friedensratschlag)|publisher=Uni-kassel.de|date=24 July 2009|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=23 September 2009|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20090923155158/http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb5/frieden/themen/Theorie/kant.html|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1797: ''[[Metaphysica del morales]]'' ['''MM'''] (''Metaphysik der Sitten''). Le prime parte es Le Doctrina del Jure, que ha sovente essite publicate separatemente como Le Scientia del Jure.
* 1798: ''[[Anthropologia desde un puncto de vista pragmatic]]'' ['''APPV'''] (''Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht'')
* 1798: ''Conflictto del facultates'' ['''CF''']<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant](http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|title=Kant), The Contest of Faculties|year=1798|publisher=Chnm.gmu.edu|access-date=24 July 2009|archive-date=4 August 2011|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20110804222523/http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/564/|url-status=live}})</ref> (''Der Streit der Fakultäten'')<ref>{{cite web|author=Immanuel Kant|url=[http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel](http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|title=Immanuel) Kant: Der Streit der Facultäten – Kapitel 1|publisher=Projekt Gutenberg-DE|access-date=24 July 2009|language=de|archive-date=9 June 2007|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20070609150025/http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/kant/streit/streit.htm|url-status=live}})</ref>
* 1800: ''[[Logica]]'' (''Logik'')
* 1803: ''Super pedagogia'' (''Über Pädagogik'')<ref>Available [[http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) online at DeutschesTextArchiv.de] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803](https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102744/http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/show/kant_paedagogik_1803) |date=10 March 2016 }}.</ref>
* 1804: ''Opus Postumum'' ['''OP''']
* 1817: ''Lectiones super theologia philosophic'' (''Immanuel Kants Vorlesungen über die philosophische Religionslehre'', editate per K. H. L. Pölitz) [Le edition anglese de A. W. Wood & G. M. Clark (Cornell, 1978) es basate super le secunde edition de Pölitz, 1830, de iste lectiones.]{{efn|As noted by [[Allen W. Wood]] in his Introduction, p. 12. Wood further speculates that the lectures themselves were delivered in the Winter of 1783–84.}}
== Notas ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{Ref}}
== Bibliographia ==
=== Introduction ===
* [[Gottfried Gabriel]]: ''Kant. Eine kurze Einführung in das Gesamtwerk.'' UTB, Paderborn 2022, ISBN 978-3-8252-5793-4.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biographie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-498-02491-4.
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Immanuel Kant.'' UTB-Profile/A. Francke, Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7720-8393-8.
* Jean Grondin: ''Kant zur Einführung.'' 3. Auflage. Junius, Hamburg 2004, ISBN 3-88506-363-8.
* [[Otfried Höffe]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' 7. Auflage. Beck, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-45977-1.
* [[Heiner F. Klemme]]: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Campus, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-593-37185-5.
* Heiner F. Klemme, Ansgar Lorenz: ''Immanuel Kant. Philosophie für Einsteiger.'' Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2017, ISBN 978-3-7705-6044-8.
* [[Georg Römpp]]: ''Kant leicht gemacht.'' 2. Auflage. UTB/Böhlau, Köln/Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-8252-2707-4.
* Arno Schubbach: ''Immanuel Kant zur Einführung.'' Junius, Hamburg 2022, ISBN 978-3-96060-331-3.
=== Biographias ===
* [[Steffen Dietzsch]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Reclam, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-379-00806-0.
* [[Manfred Geier]]: ''Kants Welt. Eine Biografie.'' Rowohlt, Reinbek 2005, ISBN 3-499-61365-4.
* Arsenij Gulyga: ''Immanuel Kant.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-518-45568-0.
* {{BBKL | url=https://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629032840/http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/k/Kant.shtml |archivedate=2007-06-29 |autor=Karl Knauß|band=3|spalten=1020-1095}}
* Manfred Kühn: ''Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Beck, München 2004, ISBN 3-406-50918-5.
* [[Wolfgang Ritzel]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Eine Biographie.'' Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-11-010634-5.
* [[Uwe Schultz]]: ''Immanuel Kant in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.'' Erweiterte Neuauflage. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2003, ISBN 3-499-50659-9.
* [[Karl Vorländer]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/vorlaender-kant.html Immanuel Kant. Der Mann und das Werk].'' Meiner, Leipzig 1924. (3., erweiterte Auflage, Meiner, Hamburg 1992; Reprint: Fourier, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-932412-18-4)
=== Generalitates ===
* [[Josef Bohatec]]: ''Die Religionsphilosophie Kants in der Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer theologisch-dogmatischen Quellen.'' Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1938. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1966)
* [[Ernst Cassirer]]: ''[http://www.archive.org/details/kantslebenundleh00cassuoft Kants Leben und Lehre].'' Berlin 1921. (Band 8 der ''Gesammelten Werke.'') Meiner, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7873-1408-3.
* [[Wolfgang Carl]]: ''Die transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-465-02532-6.
* [[Wolfgang Deppert]]: ''ZEIT – Die Begründung des Zeitbegriffs, seine notwendige Spaltung und der ganzheitliche Charakter seiner Teile.'' nz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-515-05219-4, S. 35–79
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Individualistische Wirtschaftsethik.'' Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-658-03585-3.
* Wolfgang Deppert: ''Theorie der Wissenschaft.'' 4 Bände, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, ISBN 978-3658151232.
* [[Farah Dustdar]]: ''Vom Mikropluralismus zu einem makropluralistischen Politikmodell. Kants wertgebundener Liberalismus'' (= ''[[Beiträge zur politischen Wissenschaft]].'' Band 115). Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-428-09997-4.
* [[Julius Ebbinghaus]]: ''Gesammelte Aufsätze, Vorträge und Reden.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1968 (enthält die wichtigsten Aufsätze Ebbinghaus’ zu Kants theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie).
* [[Norbert Fischer (Philosoph)|Norbert Fischer]] (Hrsg.): ''Kant und der Katholizismus – Stationen einer wechselhaften Geschichte.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-28507-3.
* Norbert Fischer, [[Maximilian Forschner]] (Hrsg.): ''Die Gottesfrage in der Philosophie Immanuel Kants.'' Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-451-30135-3.
* [[Volker Gerhardt]]: ''Immanuel Kant. Vernunft und Leben.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-018235-2.
* {{Literatur |Autor=Volker Gerhardt, Matthias Weber, Maja Schepelmann |Titel=Immanuel Kant 1724-2024: ein europäischer Denker|Verlag=De Gruyter Oldenbourg |Datum=2022 |Reihe=Schriften des Bundesinstituts für Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im Östlichen Europa, 83 |ISBN=978-3-11-076281-5}}
* Stefan Gerlach: ''Wie ist Freiheit möglich? Eine Untersuchung über das Lösungspotenzial zum Determinismusproblem in Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft.'' Francke, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-7720-8360-0.
* Ina Goy: ''Kants Theorie der Biologie. Ein Kommentar, eine Lesart, eine historische Einordnung'' (= Kant-Studien, Ergänzunghefte, Bd. 190). de Gruyter, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-047110-6.
* Inan Goy (Hrsg.): ''Kant on proofs for God's existence.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-068890-0.
* Dietmar Heidemann, Kristina Engelhard (Hrsg.): ''Warum Kant heute? Systematische Bedeutung und Rezeption seiner Philosophie in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin u. a. 2004, ISBN 3-11-017477-4.
* [[Otfried Höffe]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft.'' Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003576-5.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Königliche Völker. Zu Kants kosmopolitischer Rechts- und Friedenstheorie.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-518-29119-X.
* Otfried Höffe: ''Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Die Grundlegung der modernen Philosophie.'' Beck, München 2003, ISBN 3-406-50919-3.
* Dieter Hüning, Burkhard Tuschling (Hrsg.): ''Recht, Staat und Völkerrecht bei Immanuel Kant. Marburger Tagung zu Kants „Metaphysischen Anfangsgründen der Rechtslehre“.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-428-09602-9.
* [[Karl Jaspers]]: ''Kant. Leben, Werke, Wirkung.'' Piper, München 1975, ISBN 3-492-00424-5.
* [[Wolfgang Kersting]]: ''Wohlgeordnete Freiheit. Immanuel Kants Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie.'' 3., erweiterte und bearbeitete Auflage. Mentis-Verlag, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-89785-587-8.
* Nikolai F. Klimmek: ''Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen'' (= ''Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte.'' Band 147). De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-11-018349-8.
* [[Rudolf Langthaler]] und Magnus Striet: ''Vernunftreligion statt Kirchenglaube? Kants unerledigte Anfragen an die Theologie''. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2024, ISBN 978-3-451-02413-9.
* Darius Koriako: ''Kants Philosophie der Mathematik. Grundlagen – Voraussetzungen – Probleme.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7873-1429-6.
* Günter Lottes, Uwe Steiner (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant. German Professor and World-Philosopher. Deutscher Professor und Weltphilosoph.'' Wehrhahn, Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-86525-214-2.
* [[Werner Moskopp]]: ''Struktur und Dynamik in Kants Kritiken. Kantstudien Ergänzungshefte.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-11-021232-7.
* Roland Mugerauer: ''Immanuel Kants transzendentaler Kritizismus und die Frage nach Gott: eine orientierende Skizze.'' Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag, Baden-Baden 2021, ISBN 978-3-8288-4711-8.
* Robert Nehring: ''Kritik des Common Sense: Gesunder Menschenverstand, reflektierende Urteilskraft und Gemeinsinn – der Sensus communis bei Kant.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-13161-7.
* [[Günther Patzig]]: ''Wie sind synthetische Urteile a priori möglich?'' In: Josef Speck (Hrsg.): ''Grundprobleme der großen Philosophen. Philosophie der Neuzeit II.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-03306-0.
* Jannis Pissis: ''Kants transzendentale Dialektik.'' de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-028156-9.
* [[Hermann Schmitz (Philosoph)|Hermann Schmitz]]: ''Was wollte Kant?'' Bouvier, Bonn 1989, ISBN 3-416-02178-9.
* Jürgen Stolzenberg (Hrsg.): ''Kant in der Gegenwart.'' De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017529-5.
* [[Dieter Sturma]], Karl Ameriks (Hrsg.): ''Kants Ethik.'' Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2004, ISBN 3-89785-308-6.
* [[Werner Thiede]] (Hrsg.): ''Glauben aus eigener Vernunft? Kants Religionsphilosophie und die Theologie.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-525-56703-0.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]]: Kant: Die Revolution des Denkens. C. H. Beck, München 2023, ISBN 3-406-80743-7
=== Critica ===
* [[Gottlob Ernst Schulze]]: ''Kritik der theoretischen Philosophie,'' Band [https://books.google.de/books?id=sAUHAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 1] und [https://books.google.de/books?id=Is8AAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v=onepage&q&f=false 2], Hamburg 1801 (als Kommentar zur ''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'' angelegt; Kritik vom Standpunkt des britischen Empirismus).
* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]: ''[http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schopenhauer,+Arthur/Die+Welt+als+Wille+und+Vorstellung/Erster+Band/Anhang.+Kritik+der+Kantischen+Philosophie Kritik der Kantischen Philosophie].'' In: ''[[Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung]].'' (Erster Band. Anhang)
* [[Broder Christiansen]]: ''Kantkritik. 1. Teil. Kritik der kantischen Erkenntnislehre.'' Clauss und Feddersen, Hanau 1911.
* Bernward Gesang (Hrsg.): ''Kants vergessener Rezensent. Die Kritik der theoretischen und praktischen Philosophie Kants in fünf frühen Rezensionen von [[Hermann Andreas Pistorius]].'' In: ''Kant-Forschungen.'' Bd. 18, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7873-1823-0, S. XI ([http://books.google.de/books?id=ZvhA6H7a2j8C&pg=PR11 Digitalisat]).
* [[Otto Willmann]]: ''Geschichte des Idealismus, Band 3: Der Idealismus der Neuzeit.'' Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1979, ISBN 3-511-03710-7 (Darin insbesondere: Kapitel XV: ''Die Subjektivierung des Idealen durch Kants Autonomismus'').
* [[Engelbert Recktenwald]]: ''Gott, Freiheit und moralisches Gesetz. Kritische Untersuchungen zur Ethik Kants''. Verlag Karl Alber, Baden-Baden 2025, ISBN 978-3-495-98957-9.
=== Opus postumum ===
* [[Erich Adickes]]: ''Kants Opus postumum dargestellt und beurteilt.'' Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1920 (Kant-Studien. Ergänzungshefte; Nr. 50).
* [[Kurt Hübner (Philosoph)|Kurt Hübner]]: ''Leib und Erfahrung in Kants Opus postumum.'' In: Gerold Prauss (Hrsg.): ''Kant: Zur Deutung seiner Theorie von Erkennen und Handeln.'' Kiepenheuer und Witsch, Köln 1973, ISBN 3-462-00962-1, S. 192–204.
* Dina Emundts: ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im „Opus postumum“. Zur Rolle des Nachlasswerkes für die Grundlegung der empirischen Physik'' (= ''Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie.'' Band 62). De Gruyter, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-11-018052-9.
=== Instrumentos auxiliare ===
* [[Rudolf Eisler (Philosoph)|Rudolf Eisler]]: ''[https://www.textlog.de/kant-lexikon.html Kant-Lexikon. Nachschlagewerk zu Kants sämtlichen Schriften, Briefen und handschriftlichem Nachlaß].'' Berlin 1930. (Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1984, ISBN 3-487-00744-4)
* [[Heinz Heimsoeth]]: ''Astronomisches und Theologisches in Kants Weltverständnis'' (= ''Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz.'' Jahrgang 1963, Nr. 9).
* [[Gerd Irrlitz]]: ''Kant-Handbuch. Leben und Werk.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01234-4.
* ''Kant im Kontext.'' III: ''Werke, Briefwechsel, Nachlass und Vorlesungen auf CD-ROM.'' Komplettausgabe 2007 von Immanuel Kant. InfoSoftWare, ISBN 978-3-932094-29-3. (2., erw. Auflage. 2009)
* [[Rudolf Malter]] (Hrsg.): ''Immanuel Kant in Rede und Gespräch.'' Meiner, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7873-1382-6.
* [[Carl Christian Erhard Schmid]]: ''Wörterbuch zum leichtern Gebrauch der Kantischen Schriften.'' 4. Auflage Jena 1798 [http://books.google.de/books?id=3_YGAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Carl+Christian+Erhard+Schmid%22&hl=de&sa=X&ei=6v4sUdiSOYTk4QTy8oA4&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false (Google)]
* ''Immanuel Kant: Die drei Kritiken in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Gesamtwerk.'' Mit einem verbindenden Text zusammengefasst von Raymund Schmidt. Leipzig 1933.
* [[Marcus Willaschek]], Jürgen Stolzenberg, [[Georg Mohr (Philosoph)|Georg Mohr]], Stefano Bacin (Hrsg.): ''Kant-Lexikon.'' 3 Bände. De Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-017259-1.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kant, Immanuel}}
[[Categoria:Philosophos]]
[[Categoria:Gente german]]
[[Categoria:Philosophos politic]]
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{{Infobox/articulo/persona}}
'''Pāṇini''' ([[Alphabeto Phonetic International|API]]: [pɑːɳɪn̪ɪ]) esseva un [[grammatica|grammatico]] ancian qui es credite de esser le prime persona in le historia human que studiava systematicamente le [[phonetica]], le [[phonologia]] e le [[morphologia linguistic|morphologia]]. Ille nasceva circa 520 ante Christo in Shalatula (proxime a Attock presso le riviera [[Indo (riviera)|Indo]]) in lo que es hodie appellate [[Pakistan]], e moriva circa 460 a.C. in [[India]]. Su accomplimento le plus famose es le formulation del 3.959 regulas del morphologia del [[Sanscrito]], cognoscite como le [[Aṣṭādhyāyī]].
== Ligamine externe ==
* http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Panini.htm
{{Pecietta | linguistica | historia}}
[[Categoria:Linguistas]]
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{{infobox/articulo/objecto natural}}
{{Cinque oceanos}}
Le '''Oceano Pacific'''{{linfo}} (le '''Pacifico'''), que se extende super un superficie de 180 000 000 km², es le oceano le plus vaste del [[terra|globo terrestre]]. Illo comprende integremente [[Oceania]] e tocca qualque altere insulas e archipelagos que traditionalmente face parte de [[Asia]] ([[Japon]], le [[Philippinas]], le [[Indias Oriental]]). Illo es circumferite per Asia, [[Australia]], [[America del Nord]], e [[America del Sud]], e su limite con le [[Oceano Antarctic]] es officialmente marcate a 60° de latitude sud. Le [[linea international de cambio de data]] lo transversa circa le meridiano de 180°.
== Geographia ==
Il es in le Pacifico que se trova le [[fossa]]s le plus profunde del Terra, con profunditates que excede 10 000 [[metro]]s in le fossas del [[Kuriles]], del [[Mariannas]] e del Philippinas. Le Pacifico es percurrite per plure [[dorsal]]es que forma a vices archipelagos linear al superficie. Illo comporta anque numerose scolios de [[corallo]] que forma [[atollo]]s.
== Mares adjacente ==
{{commonscat|Pacific Ocean}}
[[File:Pacific_elevation.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.14|Bathymetria del Pacifico]]
Le lista sequente indica le mares adjacente al Pacifico que generalmente son considerate partes de illo. Le lista non include le mares in le region del archipelago del Indias Oriental ([[Indonesia]]).
Le limite inter le Oceano Pacific Nord e Sud es le [[equator]].
=== le Oceano Pacific Nord ===
* le [[Golfo de Siam]]
* le [[Mar de China Meridional]]
* le [[Mar de China Oriental]]
* le [[Mar del Philippinas]]
* le [[Mar Jalne]]
* le [[Mar de Japon]] (Mar Oriental, Mar de Corea)
* le [[Mar Interior]]
* le [[Mar de Okhotsk]]
* le [[Mar de Bering]]
* le [[Golfo de Alaska]]
* le [[Golfo de California]]
=== le Oceano Pacific Sud ===
* le [[Mar de Tasman]]
* le [[Mar del Corallo]]
* le [[Mar de Salomon]]
* le [[Mar de Bismarck]]
{{refer}}
{{pecietta|geographia}}
[[Categoria:Oceanos|Pacific]]
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Discussion Wikipedia:Articulos eminente
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__NEWSECTIONLINK__
Salute interlinguistas!
Iste spatio es pro selectionar le '''[[Wikipedia:Articulos eminente|articulos eminente]]'''.
Io propone haber un periodo mensual pro su selection. Le mechanica que io propone es simple:
*Durante le periodo, le usatores propone articulos eminente, o si il ha plus de un, vota pro illo que place plus.
*Al fin del periodo, on vide:
** Si il ha un unic articulo con major quantitate de votos, on lo selige como nove articulo eminente
** Si il ha plus de un articulo con major quantitate de votos, on selige illo de proposition plus vetere
Io copia infra le selection del ultime articulo eminente.
[[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 01:00, 1 junio 2007 (UTC)
Per favor, selige le articulo con un mense de anticipation. Le articulo non deberea necessitar un grande revision. Comocunque, durante le mense previe a su publication, le articulo pote esser meliorate pro le usatores.
Quando le articulo es seligite, per favor modifica le extracto del mense correspondente:
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/01|januario]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/02|februario]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/03|martio]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/04|april]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/05|maio]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/06|junio]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/07|julio]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/08|augusto]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/09|septembre]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/10|octobre]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/11|novembre]]
* [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/12|decembre]]
Iste parve texto essera monstrate in le pagina principal ab le prime die del mense. Si nulle articulo es seligite, le articulo del mesme mense del anno previe essera monstrate.
Le extractos del articulos seligite es in le [[:Categoria:Paragraphos del pagina principal]].
<!-- Selection de articulos eminente -->
== Junio 2007 ==
''(iste paragrapho es un copia de [[Wikipedia:Taverna/2007#Nove articulo eminente]])''
Io considera que esserea bon seliger un nove articulo eminente. Que opina vos? Que altere articulo poterea esser monstrate in le [[frontispicio]]? Io ha registrate iste activitate in [[Wikipedia:Activitates pendente]], insimul a le activitate anterior. [[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] 11:45, 28 april 2007 (UTC)
::Io nondum ha legite le articulo "[[Espania]]", sed io pensa que con alicun imagines poterea esser un bon articulo eminente. --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 01:56, 1 maio 2007 (UTC)
[[Espania]] sembla un bon articulo pro articulo eminente, sed illo necessita un revision linguistic. [[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 22:27, 13 maio 2007 (UTC)
:Io pensa que [[Espania]] es un bon articulo. [[Usator:Santista1982|Santista1982]] 13:59, 19 maio 2007 (UTC)
Io es de accordo con vos. Io ponera [[Espania]] como le [[Wikipedia:Articulos eminente|articulo eminente]] le 1 de junio. Cordialmente, [[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 16:19, 30 maio 2007 (UTC)
==Julio 2007 ==
Io propone [[Carl von Linné]]. --[[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 10:39, 26 junio 2007 (UTC)
::Io pensa que le structura del articulo poterea esser meliorate (Ligamines externe, per exemplo), sed iste articulo sembla bon como articulo eminente.--[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 11:22, 30 junio 2007 (UTC)
:::Io jam ha facite le modificationes al structura del articulo. --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 03:25, 1 julio 2007 (UTC)
==Augusto 2007==
Io propone [[Radio amateur]]. --[[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 03:22, 18 julio 2007 (UTC)
:Io jam ha applicate le formato wiki a iste articulo, e alicun modificationes al structura. Io pensa que esserea un bon articulo eminente. --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 16:13, 21 julio 2007 (UTC)
== Septembre 2007 ==
Io propone [[Geometria]]. --[[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 14:05, 27 augusto 2007 (UTC)
::Multe gratias per tu election, Julian! --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 20:38, 18 septembre 2007 (UTC)
Gratias a te pro scriber lo. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 19:36, 28 septembre 2007 (UTC)
== Octobre 2007 ==
Io propone [[Charles Darwin]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 19:36, 28 septembre 2007 (UTC)
== Novembre 2007 ==
Io propone [[Notation bra-ket]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 16:44, 28 octobre 2007 (UTC)
== Decembre 2007 ==
Forsan con alicun modificationes e (alicun imagines) le articulo [[Septimana]] poterea esser un bon articulo eminente. [[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 23:53, 12 novembre 2007 (UTC)
:Io es de accordo. Cordialmente, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 21:28, 15 novembre 2007 (UTC)
Modificationes necessari facite. —[[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 00:11, 5 decembre 2007 (UTC)
== Januario 2008 ==
Io propone [[Installation radioamatori]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 14:07, 26 decembre 2007 (UTC)
== Februario 2008 ==
Io propone [[Interlingua]]. Io nunc va poner iste articulo in le Frontispicio perque... hodie jam es 2 de februario! —[[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 17:45, 2 februario 2008 (UTC)
== Martio 2008 ==
Io propone [[mathematica]]. Io va poner iste articulo como eminente perque hodie es 2 martio! Per favor, nos necessita plus articulos eminente!!. —[[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 19:02, 2 martio 2008 (UTC)
== Octobre 2008 ==
Io propone [[Apollon]] como articulo eminente. Per favor, votar pro (o contra) ille. Gratias, --[[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 23:52, 27 octobre 2008 (UTC)
: '''io vota Si''' - le articulo [[Apollon]] de accordo que es un bon candidate articulo eminente -[[Special:Contributions/209.153.204.2|209.153.204.2]] 22:42, 12 novembre 2008 (UTC)
: '''Io vota si''' con gratias a Architengi pro su recognoscentia. Gratias anque a Julian Mendez pro corriger mi errores linguistic. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 00:01, 14 novembre 2008 (UTC)
::Le articulo essera monstrate in febrero 2009. Cordialmente, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 22:50, 16 januario 2009 (UTC)
== Martio 2009 ==
Io propone [[MSX]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 23:00, 16 januario 2009 (UTC)
:'''Si.''' [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 06:06, 23 januario 2009 (UTC)
: '''Si'''. Isto es un bon articulo. Le ligamine [[hardware]] necessita un articulo, un pecietta al minimo. Que pensa vos? -- [[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 05:31, 7 februario 2009 (UTC)
::Io crede que nulle del ligamines in le prime paragrapho debe esser rubie, e non plus que un medie (50%) de tote le ligamines in le articulo. Nos habe duo septimanas pro scriber un pauc articulos, e facer MSX un articulo ''vermente'' eminente. =) [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 00:08, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
::: Io es etiam de accordo in reducer le ligamines rubie. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 11:38, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
== April 2009 ==
Io volerea traher vostre attention pro pensar super le selection del articulo eminente pro april. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 11:38, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
Io propone '''[[James Cook]]'''. Si, io sape que esse un articulo traducite, e que esse mi obra, ma etiam esse un articulo bon -- le articulos anglese, espaniol, e francese in que io basava le traduction esseva bon articulos, illustrate e con referentias. Ma proque io creava le articulo, io no votara pro lo. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 17:10, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
:Io abstine. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 19:25, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
: {{OK}} '''Si''' - [[James Cook]] es un articulo plus bon, con multe detalios. Ille eleva le standardos pro le [[wikipedia:articulos eminente]]. Le subjecto es plus interesante, e es bon de haber multe altere articulos re [[explorator]]es, [[navigator]]es e [[dicoperitor]]es. Gratias -- [[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 20:08, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
: {{OK}} '''Si''' Nos ha 20 dies pro facer correctiones subtil. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 22:37, 9 martio 2009 (UTC)
------
Io propone '''[[The Cure]]''' etiam proque esse un bon articulo (e proque io non vole votar in mi proprie obra). [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 19:25, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
:'''Si''', naturalmente... [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 19:25, 17 februario 2009 (UTC)
: {{OK}} '''Si''' - [[The Cure]] es un articulo bon. De accordo. -- [[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 20:42, 18 februario 2009 (UTC)
------
Un nove proposito pro articulo eminente: [[Abu Nuwas]]
: [[Special:Contributiones/96.49.18.68|96.49.18.68]] 08:06, 26 februario 2009 (UTC)
: {{OK}} '''Si''' - Gratias Almafeta pro isto articulo que io pensa es vero eminente: [[Abu Nuwas]]. ( [[Usator:Galitobero|Galitobero]] 20:05, 1 martio 2009 (UTC) )
: '''No''' -- Iste articulo esse un pecietta. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 20:16, 1 martio 2009 (UTC)
:: ... ma esse ironic... io crede que [[Abu Nuwas]] esse le plus "eminente" articulo re Abu Nuwas de tote le articulos del wikipedias in linguas europanee, quasi tam bon como le articulo re il in le wikipedia arabe. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 20:57, 16 martio 2009 (UTC)
------
Un altere proposito como articulo eminente: [[Sarah Bernhardt]]
: [[Special:Contributiones/96.49.18.68|96.49.18.68]] 08:06, 26 februario 2009 (UTC)
: {{OK}} '''Si''' ( [[Usator:Galitobero|Galitobero]] 20:05, 1 martio 2009 (UTC) )
: '''No''' -- Iste articulo esse un pecietta. Su longitude se derivi de un lista de obras, non information utile. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 20:16, 1 martio 2009 (UTC)
== Maio 2009 ==
Propositiones? --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 22:41, 9 martio 2009 (UTC)
Io repropone '''[[The Cure]]'''. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 17:17, 22 martio 2009 (UTC)
Io propone '''[[Esperanto]]'''. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 17:17, 22 martio 2009 (UTC)
:{{si}}. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 20:36, 25 martio 2009 (UTC)
== Junio 2009 ==
Io propone [[Normalisation linguistic]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 03:35, 27 april 2009 (UTC)
*[[File:Symbol support vote.svg|18px|+]] '''Si'''. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 17:58, 19 maio 2009 (UTC)
== Julio 2009 ==
Io propone [[The Cure]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 07:46, 1 junio 2009 (UTC)
== Augusto 2009 ==
Io propone '''[[Tacito]]'''. On debe ameliorar e expander lo, ma il ha tempore. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 13:34, 25 julio 2009 (UTC)
== Septembre 2009 ==
Io propone '''[[Jamblico]]'''. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 13:39, 25 julio 2009 (UTC)
:Illo me sembla un pauc parve pro esser eminente. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 21:06, 13 augusto 2009 (UTC)
== Octobre 2009 ==
Io propone '''[[Isaac Newton]]'''. Alcun ameliorationes essera necesse. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 17:59, 2 augusto 2009 (UTC)
:'''Non''', pro iste mense - nose debe meliorar le articulo, al minus al puncto de remover le peciettas de revision e referentia, ante que il pote esser "eminente". [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 06:20, 22 septembre 2009 (UTC)
Io propone '''[[SIDA]]'''. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 06:16, 22 septembre 2009 (UTC)
::Si QuartierLatin1968 es de accordo, nos poterea monstrar le articulo [[Isaac Newton]] in novembre, e facer le meliorationes requirite in octobre. In ille caso, nos monstrarea le articulo [[SIDA]] durante octobre. Comocunque, io faceva un revision linguistic partial de ambe articulos. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 11:08, 27 septembre 2009 (UTC)
::Como il non ha un responsa contrari, io lo face in ille modo. Cordialmente, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 23:06, 30 septembre 2009 (UTC)
== Novembre 2009 ==
:[[Isaac Newton]] (proponite originalmente per QuartierLatin1968). --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 23:08, 30 septembre 2009 (UTC)
== Decembre 2009 ==
Io propone [[lingua japonese]]. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 21:02, 9 novembre 2009 (UTC)
== Januario 2010 ==
Io propone [[latino ecclesiastic]]. Iste articulo ha alcun problemas de NPOV e referentias, ma io crede que on pote ben ameliorar lo ante januario. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 21:02, 9 novembre 2009 (UTC)
== Septembre 2011 ==
Io propone [[Historia de Brasil]]. --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] 16:26, 20 septembre 2011 (UTC)
== Octubre 2011 ==
Io propone [[Erasmo de Rotterdam]] --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] 12:57, 30 octobre 2011 (UTC)
== Februario 2012 ==
Io propone [[Linguage de programmation]] --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] 10:40, 3 januario 2012 (UTC)
== Martio 2012 ==
Io propone [[Union Europee]]. --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] ([[Discussion Usator:Chabi|discussion]]) 15:12, 17 martio 2012 (UTC)
== April 2013 ==
Io gustarea proponer le articulo [[Movimento pedophile]]. Io non sape si isto es un bon idea a causa de lo polemic del thema, ma io ha laborate la durante multo tempore e me ha effortiate a fin que illo sia un articulo vermente eminente, neutral, ben referentiate e ben scribite. Que opina vos?--[[Usator:PeioR|PeioR]] ([[Discussion Usator:PeioR|discussion]]) 05:47, 11 april 2013 (UTC)
:E io ha un dubita. Io non sape si es melio dicer "Movimento pedophile" o "Movimento pedophilic", equal quam "Partito socialistic", et cetera.--[[Usator:PeioR|PeioR]] ([[Discussion Usator:PeioR|discussion]]) 06:27, 11 april 2013 (UTC)
== Augusto 2014 ==
Io volerea proponer [[Union Europee]]. --[[Usator:Chabi1|Chabi1]] ([[Discussion Usator:Chabi1|discussion]]) 07:05, 21 augusto 2014 (UTC)
== Octobre 2014 ==
Io propone [[lingua interslave]] --[[Usator:Chabi1|Chabi1]] ([[Discussion Usator:Chabi1|discussion]]) 12:16, 13 octobre 2014 (UTC)
== Septembre 2022 ==
Io volerea proponer [[Vulpe]]. [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 07:52, 1 septembre 2022 (UTC)
*{{Si}} Un articulo substantial (illo contine le totalitate del [[:en:Fox|articulo original anglese]]), scribite in interlingua bon, con stilo bon. —[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 15:24, 6 octobre 2022 (UTC)
*{{Si}} Cordialmente --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 15:12, 7 octobre 2022 (UTC)
:{{si}} (pro decembre 2022) [[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 19:21, 10 octobre 2022 (UTC)
::Ma pro quo illos non es marcate como in le altere Wikipedias? [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 19:44, 10 octobre 2022 (UTC)
== Octobre 2022 ==
Io vole proponer [[Raphael]]. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 08:19, 14 octobre 2022 (UTC)
== Articulos eminente ==
Io vide que il ha multe articulos eminente in le pagina principal ma illos non habe li stella pro indicar lo. Io volerea presentar [[Photographia columbari]] como articulo eminente. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 07:40, 4 april 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:42, 16 april 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Rudhar|Rudhar]] ([[Discussion Usator:Rudhar|discussion]]) 06:13, 18 april 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Resursos|Resursos]] ([[Discussion Usator:Resursos|discussion]]) 15:25, 18 april 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 09:52, 12 maio 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator:Miquel Adroer|discussion]]) 13:58, 26 Junio 2023 (UTC)
Votation claudite: Articulo acceptate.
== Scientia e technologia del dynastia Song ==
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Scientia e technologia del dynastia Song]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 14:11, 21 maio 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]]
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lavall%C3%A9e Martin Lavallée])
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 17:17, 2 julio 2023 (UTC)
== Edgar de Wahl ==
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Edgar de Wahl]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 06:39, 2 junio 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 07:39, 2 junio 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator: Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator: Miquel Adroer|discussion]]) 10:31, 2 junio 2023 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 17:18, 2 julio 2023 (UTC)
== Interlingue ==
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Interlingue]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]]
# {{Si}} --[[Usator: Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]]
# {{Si}} --[[Usator: Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]]
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 17:18, 2 julio 2023 (UTC)
== Januario 2024 ==
=== Historia del physica ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Historia del physica]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 10:11, 16 januario 2024 (UTC)
# {{Si}} -- Martin Lavallée
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 09:51, 17 januario 2024 (UTC)
=== Historia del scientia ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Historia del scientia]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 08:37, 17 januario 2024 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 09:51, 17 januario 2024 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --Martin Lavallée
=== Scientia in le mundo antique ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Scientia in le mundo antique]] como articulo bon.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 10:04, 17 januario 2024 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --Martin Lavallée
== Padmasambhava ==
Io pensa que le articulo [[Padmasambhava]] sia bon e deberea devenir un articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Laurbereth|Laurbereth]] ([[Discussion Usator:Laurbereth|discussion]]) 11:22, 1 augusto 2024 (UTC)
== Julio 2025 ==
=== Raphael ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Raphael]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 15:21, 2 julio 2025 (UTC)
# {{Si} --Martin Lavallée 15:22, 2 julio 2025 (UTC)
== Decembre 2025 ==
=== Litteratura in Interlingua ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Litteratura in Interlingua]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:07, 17 decembre 2025 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 20:35, 17 decembre 2025 (UTC)
# {{No}}. Io lo regretta, ma un articulo eminente informa, explica, analysa, educa, e contine prosa ben scribite e legibile. Le major parte de iste articulo es un enumeration cec de un massa de publicationes in interlingua, ma care de ver information. Illo da poc impression general del historia o stato actual del litteratura in interlingua, poco explica qual publicationes esseva importante e influente e proque, etc. In facto, le grande majoritate del articulo se lege como un simple conversion de lista in prosa, un labor que IA poterea haber facite. Le resultato pote esser impressionante, ma non eminente. – [[Usator:McDutchie|Martijn]] ([[Discussion Usator:McDutchie|discussion]]) 05:41, 27 decembre 2025 (UTC)
#:E qui pote decider quales es le publicationes importante? Io non cognosce un sol publication que analysa le litteratura in Interlingua. Pro poter facer lo, illo deberea haber referentias, si non, le autor esserea scribente su opinion personal (lo que es contrari al normas del Wikipedia). Io ha facite lo que io ha potite con le ressurces disponibile. [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 11:31, 24 februario 2026 (UTC)
== Februario 2026 ==
=== Roma antique ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Roma antique]] como articulo eminente. Io ha prendite information ex le Wikipedias in anglese, francese, italian e espaniol per haber le articulo le plus complete. Io ha includite omne referentias ex tote le articulos original.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 11:26, 24 februario 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 11:27, 24 februario 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Yaridarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:Yaridarling|discussion]]) 17:31, 24 februario 2026 (UTC)
== Martio 2026 ==
=== Grecia antique ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Grecia antique]] como articulo eminente. Io ha prendite information ex le Wikipedias in anglese, francese e espaniol per haber le articulo le plus complete. Io ha includite omne referentias ex tote le articulos original.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 16:21, 1 martio 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 16:21, 1 martio 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Yaridarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:Yaridarling|discussion]]) 17:29, 2 martio 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} Le articulo es multo grande, interessante, relativemente ben scribite. Io comenciava corriger errores. I secunda ;) [[Usator:Tim Ocean|Tim Ocean]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tim Ocean|discussion]]) 18:32, 2 martio 2026 (UTC)
=== Egypto antique ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Egypto antique]] como articulo eminente. Io ha prendite information ex le Wikipedias in anglese, francese e espaniol per haber le articulo le plus complete. Io ha includite omne referentias ex tote le articulos original.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:27, 3 martio 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} - Io secunda isto! [[Usator:Tim Ocean|Tim Ocean]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tim Ocean|discussion]]) 21:40, 4 martio 2026 (UTC)
== Augusto 2026 ==
=== Michel Foucault ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Michel Foucault]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 17:59, 19 augusto 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:YariDarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:YariDarling|discussion]]) 1:10, 23 augusto 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 05:31, 28 augusto 2026 (UTC)
=== Castello de Ahrensburg ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 12:54, 22 augusto 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:YariDarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:YariDarling|discussion]]) 1:10, 23 augusto 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 05:31, 28 augusto 2026 (UTC)
=== Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 10:18, 25 augusto 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 05:31, 28 augusto 2026 (UTC)
== Septembre 2026 ==
=== Immanuel Kant ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Immanuel Kant]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 04:49, 3 septembre 2026 (UTC)
# {{Si}} -- Le articulo es multo grande, importante, satis ben scribite. Io regratia pro le labor e secunda le requesta :) [[Usator:Tim Ocean|Tim Ocean]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tim Ocean|discussion]]) 19:52, 9 septembre 2026 (UTC)
=== Edith Södergran ===
Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Edith Södergran]] como articulo eminente.
# {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 04:51, 3 septembre 2026 (UTC)
ruskmthzkompsnibno726s9fljjv1mi
Badajoz
0
13988
699794
528322
2026-09-10T08:19:33Z
Tortoise0308
17411
nomine del infobox; +capital del provincia; commonscat; categoría.
699794
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Badajoz''' es un citate de [[Espania]] e le capital del [[Provincia de Badajoz]].
{{commonscat|Badajoz}}
[[Categoria:Municipalitates in Badajoz]]
thgw0cs86irxmrraks6360wv8dn0kzp
Patrono:Colombia
10
14948
699774
699729
2026-09-09T16:44:21Z
Interlingvisto
60932
Interlingvisto ha renominate le pagina [[Patrono:Colombia topics]] a [[Patrono:Colombia]]
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{{Navbox
|name = Colombia
|state = <includeonly>{{{state|collapsed}}}</includeonly>
|title = {{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|groupstyle = padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; <!--reduce le grande spatio inter lineas de nomines de gruppos-->
|liststyle = padding:0.5em 0; line-height:1.4em; <!--altrimenti le listas pote apparer como un insimul continue-->
|group1 = [[Historia de Colombia|Historia]]
|list1 = {{Navbox subgroups
|groupstyle = padding-left:1.7em; <!--pro esser al mesme nivello que le nomines del subgruppo 3-->
|liststyle = padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; <!--altrimenti le listas pote apparer como un insimul continue-->
|group1 = [[Chronologia del historia colombian|Chronologia]]
|list1 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Populos indigene in Colombia|Populos indigene]]{{·w}} [[Conquesta espaniol del Nationes Chibchan|Conquesta espaniol]]{{·w}} [[Nove Regno de Granada]]{{·w}} [[Vice-regno de Nove Granada]]{{·w}} [[Guerra de Bolívar]] ([[Guerra de independentia de Grande Colombia|Independentia]]){{·w}} [[Provincias Unite de Nove Granada]]{{·w}} [[Grande Colombia]]{{·w}} [[Republica de Nove Granada]]{{·w}} [[Confederation Granadina]]{{·w}} [[Statos Unite de Colombia]]{{·w}} [[Republica de Colombia]]{{·w}} [[Guerra del Mille Dies]]{{·w}} [[Separation de Panamá de Colombia|Separation de Panamá]]{{·w}} [[Guerra Colombia-Peru]]{{·w}} ''[[La Violentia]]''{{·w}} [[Fronte National (Colombia)|Fronte National]]{{·w}} [[Conflicto armate interne colombian (1964–presentemente)|Actual conflicto armate interne]] {{nowrap end}}
|group2 = Per thema
|list2 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Historia demographic de Colombia|Demographic]]{{·w}} [[Historia economic de Colombia|Economic]]{{·w}} [[Historia militar de Colombia|Militari]]{{·w}} [[Historia natural de Colombia|Natural]] {{nowrap end}}
}}
|group2 = [[Geographia de Colombia|Geographia]]
|list2style = background:transparent;<!--(subgruppos in uso)-->
|list2 = {{Navbox subgroups
|groupstyle = padding-left:2.2em; <!--pro esser al mesme nivello que le nomines del subgruppo 3-->
|liststyle = padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; <!--altrimenti le listas pote apparer como un insimul continue-->
|group1 = General
|list1 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Geologia de Colombia|Geologia]]{{·w}} [[Regiones natural de Colombia|Regiones natural]] ([[Regione caribe de Colombia|Caribe]]{{·w}} [[Regione pacific de Colombia|Pacific]]{{·w}} [[Regione andin de Colombia|Andin]]{{·w}} [[Regione amazon de Colombia|Amazon]]{{·w}} [[Regione Orinoquía de Colombia|Orinoquía]]{{·w}} [[Regione insular (Colombia)|Insular]]) {{nowrap end}}
|group2 = Per thema
|list2 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Lista de urbes in Colombia|Urbes]]{{·w}} [[Clima de Colombia|Clima]]{{·w}} [[:Categoria:Catena de montanias de Colombia|Montanias]]{{·w}} [[:Categoria:Insulas de Colombia|Insulas]]{{·w}} [[Lista de rivieras in Colombia|Rivieras]]{{·w}} [[Fauna de Colombia|Fauna]]{{·w}} [[Flora de Colombia|Flora]]{{·w}} [[Lista de parcos national de Colombia|Areas protegite]]{{·w}} [[Problemas ambiental in Colombia|Problemas ambiental]]{{·w}} [[Periculos natural in Colombia|Periculos natural]] {{nowrap end}}
}}
|group3 = [[Governamento de Colombia|Governamento]]
|list3 = {{Navbox subgroups
|liststyle = padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em; <!--altrimenti le listas pote apparer como un insimul continue-->
|group1 = [[Constitution colombian|Constitution]]
|list1 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Systema judiciari de Colombia|Lege]]{{·w}} [[Carta del Derectos colombian|Carta del Derectos]]{{·w}} [[Separation del potestates sub le Constitution colombian|Separation del potestates]] {{nowrap end}}
|group2 = [[Branca executive de Colombia|Executive]]
|list2 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Presidente de Colombia|Presidente]]{{·w}} [[Vice-presidente de Colombia|Vice-presidente]]{{·w}} [[Consilio de Ministros del Republica de Colombia|Consilio de Ministros]]{{·w}} [[Entitates governamental de Colombia|Agentesias governamental]]
|group3 = [[Branca legislative de Colombia|Legislative]]
|list3 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Congresso de Colombia|Congresso]] ([[Senato de Colombia|Senato]]{{·w}} [[Camera del Representantes de Colombia|Representantes]]) {{nowrap end}}
|group4 = [[Branca judiciari de Colombia|Judicial]]
|list4 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Consilio Superior del Judicatura|Consilio Superior]]{{·w}} [[Procurator General de Colombia|Procurator General]]{{·w}} [[Corte Supreme colombian|Corte Supreme]]{{·w}} [[Corte Constitutional de Colombia|Corte Constitutional]] {{nowrap end}}
|group5 = [[Institutiones de controlo in Colombia|Controlo]]
|list5 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Controller General de Colombia|Controller General]]{{·w}} [[Defensor del Populo de Colombia|Defensor del Populo]]{{·w}} [[Auditor General de Colombia|Auditor General]]{{·w}} [[Inspector General de Colombia|Inspector General]] {{nowrap end}}
}}
|group4 = <!--[[Divisiones administrative de Colombia|-->Divisiones<br/>administrative<!--]]-->
|list4 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Bogotá, Districto Capital|Districto Capital]]{{·w}} [[Departamentos de Colombia|Departamentos]]{{·w}} [[Municipalitates de Colombia|Municipalitates]]{{·w}} [[Corregimientos]] {{nowrap end}}
|group4 = [[Politica de Colombia|Politica]]
|list4 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Lista de partitos politic in Colombia|Partitos politic]]{{·w}} [[Systema electoral colombian|Systema electoral]]{{·w}} [[Electiones in Colombia|Electiones]]{{·w}} [[Ideologias politic in Colombia|Ideologias politic]] ([[Liberalismo in Colombia|Liberalismo]]{{·w}} [[Conservatismo in Colombia|Conservatismo]]{{·w}} [[Movimentos de guerrilla in Colombia|Movimentos de guerrilla]]{{·w}} [[Paramilitarismo in Colombia|Paramilitarismo]]){{·w}} [[Scandalos politic de Colombia|Scandalos politic]] {{nowrap end}}
|group5 = [[Economia de Colombia|Economia]]
|list5 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Agricultura in Colombia|Agricultura]]{{·w}} [[Banca in Colombia|Banca]]{{·w}} [[Banca del Republica (Colombia)|Banca Central]]{{·w}} [[Communicationes in Colombia|Communicationes]]{{·w}} [[Sector industrial de Colombia|Industria]]{{·w}} [[Lista de companias colombian|Companias]]{{·w}} [[Peso colombian|Moneta]]{{·w}} [[Energia e mineria in Colombia|Energia e mineria]]{{·w}} [[Borsa de Valores de Colombia|Borsa de valores]]{{·w}} [[Imposition in Colombia|Imposition]]{{·w}} [[Paupertate in Colombia|Paupertate]] {{nowrap end}}
|group6 = [[Demographia de Colombia|Demographia]]
|list6 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Censimento de Colombia de 1993|Censimento de 1993]]{{·w}} [[Censimento de Colombia de 2005|Censimento de 2005]]{{·w}} [[Immigration a Colombia|Immigration]]{{·w}} [[Emigration de Colombia|Emigration]]{{·w}} [[Linguas de Colombia|Linguas]] ([[Espaniol colombian]]){{·w}} [[Cura de sanitate in Colombia|Cura de sanitate]]{{·w}} [[Education in Colombia|Education]]{{·w}} [[Religion in Colombia|Religion]]{{·w}} [[Areas metropolitan de Colombia|Areas metropolitan]]{{·w}} [[Derectos human in Colombia|Derectos human]]{{·w}} [[Narcotraffico in Colombia|Traffico de drogas]]{{·w}} [[Abastecimento de aqua e sanitation in Colombia|Abastecimento de aqua e sanitation]] {{nowrap end}}
|group7 = [[Cultura de Colombia|Cultura]]
|list7 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Architectura de Colombia|Architectura]]{{·w}} [[Arte de Colombia|Arte]]{{·w}} [[Artisanato colombian|Artisanato]]{{·w}} [[Cinema de Colombia|Cinema]]{{·w}} [[Cocina colombian|Cocina]]{{·w}} [[Festivales in Colombia|Festivales]]{{·w}} [[Folklore colombian|Folklore]]{{·w}} [[Linguas de Colombia|Linguas]]{{·w}} [[LGBT in Colombia|LGBT]]{{·w}} [[Litteratura de Colombia|Litteratura]]{{·w}} [[Medios in Colombia|Medios]]{{·w}} [[Medicina in Colombia|Medicina]]{{·w}} [[Musica de Colombia|Musica]]{{·w}} [[Mythologia colombian|Mythologia]]{{·w}} [[Symbolos national de Colombia|Symbolos national]]{{·w}} [[Festos public in Colombia|Festos public]]{{·w}} [[Scientia e technologia in Colombia|Scientia e technologia]]{{·w}} [[Sport in Colombia|Sport]]{{·w}} [[Turismo de Colombia|Turismo]] {{nowrap end}}
|group8 = [[Transporto in Colombia|Transporto]]
|list8 = {{nowrap begin}} [[Vehiculos in Colombia|Vehiculos]]{{·w}} [[Autostratas in Colombia|Autostratas]]{{·w}} [[Lista de aeroportos in Colombia|Aeroportos]]{{·w}} [[Transporto ferroviari in Colombia|Vias ferrate]] {{nowrap end}}
|below = '''[[Portal:Colombia|Portal]]'''
}}<noinclude> <br/>{{collapsible option||state=collapsed}}
[[Categoria:Patronos de navigation]]
</noinclude>
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Patrono:AcademyAwardBestPicture 1981-2000
10
15046
699793
599276
2026-09-10T01:27:01Z
~2026-48750-90
61191
null//: le version [[Special:iden/599276|599276]] per [[Special:Contributions/YiFeiBot|YiFeiBot]] ([[User talk:YiFeiBot|discussion]])
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{{Navbox
|titlestyle = background: #EEDD82
|name = AcademyAwardBestPicture 1981-2000
|title = [[Premios Oscar (SUA) pro le plus belle film]]
|list1 = <div>
{{nowrap|''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' (1981)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' (1982)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Terms of Endearment]]'' (1983)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]'' (1984)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]'' (1985)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Platoon (film)|Platoon]]'' (1986)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[The Last Emperor]]'' (1987)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Rain Man]]'' (1988)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]'' (1989)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Dances with Wolves]]'' (1990)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]'' (1991)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Unforgiven]]'' (1992)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Schindler's List]]'' (1993)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Forrest Gump]]'' (1994)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]'' (1996)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' (1997)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Shakespeare in Love]]'' (1998)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[American Beauty (film)|American Beauty]]'' (1999)}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|''[[Gladiator (film)|Gladiator]]'' (2000)}}
----
{{nowrap|[[:Template:Academy Award Best Picture|Complete List]]}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|[[:Template:AcademyAwardBestPicture 1927-1940|(1928–1940)]]}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|[[:Template:AcademyAwardBestPicture 1941-1960|(1941–1960)]]}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|[[:Template:AcademyAwardBestPicture 1961-1980|(1961–1980)]]}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|[[:Template:AcademyAwardBestPicture 1981-2000|'''(1981–2000)''']]}}{{·}}
{{nowrap|[[:Template:AcademyAwardBestPicture 2001-2020|(2001–present)]]}}
</div>
}}<noinclude>
[[Categoria:Wikipedia:Patrono]]
[[Categoria:Film|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[en:Template:AcademyAwardBestPicture 1981-2000]]
[[fa:الگو:اسکار فیلم ۱۹۸۱-۲۰۰۰]]
[[ru:Шаблон:Премия «Оскар» за лучший фильм 1981-2000]]
</noinclude>
58kenftebpdpgmrkzy0xzec56bf95ia
Troia
0
24848
699741
663683
2026-09-09T12:08:02Z
Tim Ocean
30221
oppositemente?
699741
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}}
'''Troia'''{{linfoX}} o '''Ilio''' (in [[grec antique]]: ''Τροία'' o ''Τροίας''; anque cognoscite con le nomine de ''Ίλιον'' o ''Ίλιος'') esseva un importante [[citate]] in le actual provincia turc de Çanakkale, juxta le [[Stricto del Dardanelos]] (Helesponto) inter le fluvios Scamandro (o Xanto) e Simois, e occupa un position strategic in le accesso al [[Mar Nigre]] (Ponto Euxino). In su vicinitates es le Ida e oppositemente su costas es le [[insula]] de Tenedos.
{{refer}}
[[Categoria:Troia]]
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699742
699741
2026-09-09T12:11:34Z
Tim Ocean
30221
strait = manica
699742
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}}
'''Troia'''{{linfoX}} o '''Ilio''' (in [[grec antique]]: ''Τροία'' o ''Τροίας''; anque cognoscite con le nomine de ''Ίλιον'' o ''Ίλιος'') esseva un importante [[citate]] in le actual provincia turc de Çanakkale, juxta le [[Manica del Dardanelos]] (Helesponto) inter le fluvios Scamandro (o Xanto) e Simois, e occupa un position strategic in le accesso al [[Mar Nigre]] (Ponto Euxino). In su vicinitates es le Ida e oppositemente su costas es le [[insula]] de Tenedos.
{{refer}}
[[Categoria:Troia]]
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699743
699742
2026-09-09T12:12:57Z
Tim Ocean
30221
ort.
699743
wikitext
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{{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}}
'''Troia'''{{linfoX}} o '''Ilio''' (in [[grec antique]]: ''Τροία'' o ''Τροίας''; anque cognoscite con le nomine de ''Ίλιον'' o ''Ίλιος'') esseva un importante [[citate]] in le actual provincia turc de Çanakkale, juxta le [[Manica del Dardanelles]] (Helesponto) inter le fluvios Scamandro (o Xanto) e Simois, e occupa un position strategic in le accesso al [[Mar Nigre]] (Ponto Euxino). In su vicinitates es le Ida e oppositemente su costas es le [[insula]] de Tenedos.
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Disface le version [[Special:Diff/699743|699743]] per [[Special:Contributions/Tim Ocean|Tim Ocean]] ([[User talk:Tim Ocean|discussion]])
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'''Troia'''{{linfoX}} o '''Ilio''' (in [[grec antique]]: ''Τροία'' o ''Τροίας''; anque cognoscite con le nomine de ''Ίλιον'' o ''Ίλιος'') esseva un importante [[citate]] in le actual provincia turc de Çanakkale, juxta le [[Manica del Dardanelos]] (Helesponto) inter le fluvios Scamandro (o Xanto) e Simois, e occupa un position strategic in le accesso al [[Mar Nigre]] (Ponto Euxino). In su vicinitates es le Ida e oppositemente su costas es le [[insula]] de Tenedos.
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[[Categoria:Troia]]
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'''Troia'''{{linfoX}} o '''Ilio''' (in [[grec antique]]: ''Τροία'' o ''Τροίας''; anque cognoscite con le nomine de ''Ίλιον'' o ''Ίλιος'') esseva un importante [[citate]] in le actual provincia turc de Çanakkale, juxta le [[Manica del Dardanellos]] (Helesponto) inter le fluvios Scamandro (o Xanto) e Simois, e occupa un position strategic in le accesso al [[Mar Nigre]] (Ponto Euxino). In su vicinitates es le Ida e oppositemente su costas es le [[insula]] de Tenedos.
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[[Categoria:Troia]]
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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'''Johann Wolfgang Goethe''', ab 1782 '''von Goethe''' (* [[28 de augusto]] [[1749]] in [[Frankfurt am Main]]; † [[22 de martio]] [[1832]] in [[Weimar]]), esseva un [[poeta]], [[politico]] e [[scientista]] german. Il es considerate como un del plus importante creatores de [[poesia]] de lingua german.
Goethe proveniva de un familia burgesea opulente e honorate; su avo materne era [[Schultheiß|Schultheiss]] e le plus alte official de justitia del citate de Frankfurt am Main, su patre era [[doctor in jure|doctor del derecto]] e [[consiliario imperial]]. Il e su soror [[Cornelia Schlosser|Cornelia]] recipeva un education elaborate per [[preceptor]]es private. Conformemente al desiro de su patre, Goethe studiava [[derecto]] in [[Universitate de Leipzig|Leipzig]] e [[Universitate de Strasbourg|Strasbourg]] e postea exerceva como [[advocate]] in [[Wetzlar]] e Frankfurt. Simultaneemente il se dedicava a su inclination verso le poesia. Il obteneva su prime recognitiones in le mundo del [[literatura]] in 1773 con le [[drama]] ''[[Götz von Berlichingen (Goethe)|Götz von Berlichingen]]'', que le apportava un successo national, e in 1774 con le [[roman epistolar]] ''[[Le dolores del juvene Werther]]'', con le qual il attingeva mesmo un successo europee. Ambes obras es attribuibile al currente litterari del [[Sturm und Drang]] (1765–1785).
Le juvene [[Carl August (Saxonia-Weimar-Eisenach)|duce Carl August]] de [[Saxonia-Weimar-Eisenach]] invitava le Goethe de 26 annos in 1775 a su [[curia|curia]] in Weimar, ubi ille finalmente remaneva pro le resto de su vita. Illac, como amico e ministro del duce, il occupava functiones politic e administrative e dirigeva durante un quarto de seculo le [[Teatro national german e Orchestra statal de Weimar#Teatro de curia de Weimar|Teatro de curia de Weimar]]. Le neglecto de su capacitate creative resultante de su activitate official provocava, post le prime decennio de Weimar, un crise personal, de que Goethe se evadeva per fugi a Italia. Le [[Viage italian|viage a Italia]] de septembre 1786 a maio 1788 esseva considerate per ille como un «renascentia». Il debeva a illo le completion de importantes obras como ''[[Ifigenia in Tauride]]'' (1787), ''[[Egmont (Goethe)|Egmont]]'' (1788) e ''[[Torquato Tasso (Goethe)|Torquato Tasso]]'' (1790).
Post su retorno, su obligationes official esseva in grande parte limitate a functiones representative. Le abundantia del patrimonio cultural experite in Italia stimulava su production poetic, e le experientias erotic con un juvene roman permitteva que ille, immediatemente post su retorno, initiava un relation amorose durabile e «inappropriate al su stato social» con [[Christiane von Goethe|Christiane Vulpius]], que ille legalisava solmente dece-octo annos plus tarde per le matrimonio.
Le obra litterari de Goethe comprende [[poesia lyric]], [[drama|dramas]], [[epica]], [[autobiografia|obras autobiographic]], tractatos de [[theoria del arte|theoria del arte]] e de [[theoria litterari|theoria litterari]], assi como scriptores de scientias natural. In addition, su vaste correspondentia possede un importantia litterari. Mesmo [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] le invitava a un audientia in occasion del [[Congresso de principes de Erfurt]]. In collaboration con [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]] e insimul con [[Johann Gottfried Herder|Herder]] e [[Christoph Martin Wieland|Wieland]], ille incarnava le [[Classicismo de Weimar]]. Le romanes ''[[Wilhelm Meister|Wilhelm Meister]]'' deveniva precursores exemplar de [[roman de artista|romanes de artista]] e [[roman de formation]] de lingua german. Su drama ''[[Faust. Un tragedia|Faust]]'' (1808) acquireva le reputation de esser le plus importante creation del litteratura de lingua german. In su etate vetule, il esseva considerate etiam in le exterior como un representante del Germania intellectual.
In le [[Imperio german]] il esseva transformate in le [[poeta national]] german e herald del [[character national|«essentia german»]] e, como tal, esseva instrumentalizate al servicio del [[nationalismo german]]. Assi initiava un veneration non solmente del obra, sed etiam del personalitate del poeta, cuje modo de vita esseva considerate exemplar. Le poesia lyric de Goethe, le ''Faust'' e le roman ''Le dolores del juvene Werther'' pertine al [[litteratura universal]].
== Vita ==
[[File:Johann Caspar Goethe by Schmoll, 1774.jpg|thumb|upright|''Johann Caspar Goethe,'' designo in aquarella de [[Georg Friedrich Schmoll]], 1774]]
[[File:Catharina Elisabeth Goethe 1776.jpg|thumb|upright|''Catharina Elisabeth Goethe,'' portrait de [[Georg Oswald May]], 1776]]
=== Origine e juventute ===
[[File:Frankfurt Am Main-Goethe-Haus-Ansicht am Grossen Hirschgraben.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Casa Goethe|Casa natal de Goethe]] reconstruite in Frankfurt am Main]]
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe nasceva le 28 de augusto 1749 in le casa familial de Goethe (le actual [[Casa Goethe]]) al [[Großer Hirschgraben|Grande Fossato del Cervo]] in Frankfurt e esseva baptisate evangelic le die sequente. Su nomine usate era Wolfgang. Al nascentia de Goethe occurreva grande problemas, nam ille inicialmente non respirava e monstrava signos clar de privation de oxygeno ([[asphyxia]]). Il existeva un periculo acute pro su vita e un risco de [[damno cerebral|encephalopathia hypoxic]]. On suppone que un [[circumvolution del cordon umbilical]] impediva su respiration. Anque como infante e adolescente Goethe esseva frequentemente malade e pativa particularmente severemente de un infection de variola.<ref>[https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0032-1309707.pdf ''Patient Goethe – un pathographia'']</ref> Su avô, originari de Thuringia, [[Friedrich Georg Göthe]] (1657–1730), se establiva in 1687 como maestro sartor in Frankfurt, modificava le orthographia del nomine familial<ref>Secundo Heinrich Düntzer: ''Arbores genealogic de Goethe – un presentation genealogic.'' Salzwasser, Paderborn 1894, [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/8366985 p. 93 ss.] [[Nicholas Boyle]] attribue tamen iste passo a Johann Caspar G. Vide Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-458-34725-9, p. 69. – Ben que Goethe sempre scribeva su nomine con oe, durante tote su vita publicationes appareva anque sub le nomine Göthe.</ref> e poteva maritar se in un prospere negotio de taberna e hospitio. Assi ille acquireva un patrimonio considerabile, que ille lassava, in forma de immobiles, credite hypothecari e plure sacculos plen de moneta, a su duo filios ex su prime matrimonio e al filio le plus juvene [[Johann Caspar Goethe]] (1710–1782), patre de Johann Wolfgang Goethe.<ref>Werner Plumpe: ''Economia, consumo e acquisition in le casa parental de Goethe''. In: Vera Hierholzer e Sandra Richter (ed.): ''Goethe e le moneta. Le poeta e le economia moderne. Catalogo del exposition in le Casa Goethe de Frankfurt/Libere Alte Collegiate German del 14 de septembre al 30 de decembre 2012'', p. 118.</ref> Le patre de Goethe habeva obtenite le titulo de doctor in [[jure]] al Universitate de Leipzig, ma non exerceva un profession juridic. Con le titulo honorific de «Consiliario imperial» ille ascendeva al classe superior de Frankfurt. Como [[rentista]], ille viveva del rendimentos de su patrimonio hereditate, que plus tarde permitteva anque a su filio de viver e studiar sin constrangimentos financiari.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 68, 87.</ref> Il era multilateralmente interessate e educate, ma anque stricte e pedantic, lo que repetitemente conduceva a conflictos in le familia.
Le prime contactos de Goethe con le litteratura consisteva in le historias de bon nocte del matre e le lectura del Biblia in le pie familia lutherano-protestante. Per le Natal de 1753, su avia le regalava un [[Theatro de pupas|theatro de pupas]]. Ille apprendeva de memoria le obra teatral destinate a iste scena e lo presentava repetitemente con entusiasmo insimul con su amicos. Le parve Goethe demonstrava su prime tentativas de imagination litterari etiam con su (secundo su proprie assertion) «initios de fanfaronada»,<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Aus meinem Leben. Dichtung und Wahrheit.'' Erster Teil, Zweites Buch [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Erster+Teil/Zweites+Buch](http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Erster+Teil/Zweites+Buch) zeno.org] (abgerufen am 14. Januar 2015).</ref> inventante contos extraordinari e narrante los a su stupefacite amicos in le prime persona como un entretenimento captivante. On legeva multo in le casa de Goethe; le patre possedeva un bibliotheca de circa 2000 volumines. Assi Goethe cognosceva ja como infante, inter altere cosas, le [[Materia de Faust|libro popular sur le Dr. Faust]]. Durante le [[Guerra de Septem Annos|Guerra de Septem Annos]], ab 1759 usque a 1761, le commandante francese del citate [[François de Théas von Thoranc|Comte Thoranc]] esseva allogiato in le casa parental. A ille e al troupe teatral que le accompaniava Goethe debeva su prime incontro con le [[Classicismo francese|litteratura dramatic francese]]. Incitate per le numerose linguas apprendite, a dece-duo annos ille comenciava un roman multilingue, in le qual tote le linguas habeva un presentation in un miscuglio colorate.<ref>Karl Otto Conrady: ''Goethe. Leben und Werk.'' Neuausgabe in einem Band. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, S. 328.</ref>
Secundo su biographos Nicholas Boyle e [[Rüdiger Safranski|Rüdiger Safranski]], Goethe esseva certemente un infante de talento exceptional, ma non un infante prodigio como [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]].<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 74; Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, ISBN 978-3-446-23581-6, S. 32. Boyle spricht von „ausnehmend begabt“, Safranski von „hochbegabt“.</ref> Ille apprendeva rapidemente linguas e possedeva un «destreza completemente non infantil in le composition de versos». Ille esseva «vivace, de temperamento exuberante e obstinate, ma sin profunditate».<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 74.</ref>
=== Studios e poesia juvene ===
==== Leipzig (1765–1768) ====
[[File:Goethe 1765.jpg|thumb|upright|Goethe pauc ante su periodo de studente in Leipzig, secundo un pintura a oleo de Anton Johann Kern, comburite in 1943]]
[[File:Leipzig Goethes Studentenwohnung.jpg|thumb|Cortile del «[[Grande Sphera de Foco|Grande Sphera de Foco]]» – le habitation de studente de Goethe in Leipzig]]
Per instruction de su patre, Goethe comenciava in le autumno de 1765 un [[Studios de jure|studio de jure]] al [[Universitate de Leipzig]], de longe tradition. In contraste con le parve-burgese Frankfurt, que alora ancora non habeva su proprie universitate, Leipzig esseva un citate elegante e cosmopolite, que portava le supernomine ''[[Parve Paris|Parve-Paris]]''.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 83.</ref> Goethe esseva tractate como un provincial e debeva primo adaptar se in su vestimentos e manieras de comportamento pro esser acceptate per su nove concitatanos. Alimentate per su patre con un [[Cambial|cambial]] mensual de 100 [[Florin|florinos]], ille disponeva del duple del moneta que un studente necessita alora mesmo al universitates le plus costose.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 87.</ref>
Goethe habita in Leipzig in un edificio del cortile del casa [[Grande Sphera de Foco|Grande Sphera de Foco]] al [[Neumarkt (Leipzig)|Neumarkt]].<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Aus meinem Leben. Dichtung und Wahrheit.'' Zweiter Teil, Sechstes Buch, S. 302 [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Zweiter+Teil/Sechstes+Buch](http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Zweiter+Teil/Sechstes+Buch) zeno.org] (abgerufen am 14. Januar 2015).</ref> Durante le [[Feria de Leipzig|feria]], le studentes debeva liberar lor allogiamento pro le mercatores; assi Goethe se transferiva durante le feria a un possession agricole in [[Reudnitz (Leipzig)|Reudnitz]], un village al est de Leipzig.<ref>Irene Altmann: ''Goethe und der Kuchengarten in Reudnitz.'' In: ''Leipziger Osten 2.'' Verlag im Wissenschaftszentrum, Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-930433-00-1, S. 24.</ref>
Nonobstante que su patre habeva confidate su education al professor de historia e jure public [[Johann Gottlob Böhme|Johann Gottlob Böhme]], e que iste habeva prohibite a Goethe le desiderate cambio de disciplina de studio,<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 84.</ref> ille comenciava ja tosto a negliger le studio obligatori. Ille prefereva frequentar le cursos de poetica de [[Christian Fürchtegott Gellert|Christian Fürchtegott Gellert]], al qual le studentes poteva presentar lor tentativas litterari. Proque Gellert acceptava versos con reluctancia, ille transmitteva immediatemente le tentativas poetic de Goethe (inter illos un poema nupcial pro le oncle Textor) a su substituto, qui ne habeva un opinion favorabile de illos.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 44.</ref> Le pictor [[Adam Friedrich Oeser|Adam Friedrich Oeser]], apud qui Goethe continuava le instruction de designo que ille habeva initiate in Frankfurt, le familiarisava con le ideal artistic orientate verso le [[Antiquitate classic|Antiquitate]] de su discipulo [[Johann Joachim Winckelmann|Johann Joachim Winckelmann]]. Oeser, director fundator del [[Academia de Artes Graphic e del Libro de Leipzig|Academia de Artes de Leipzig]], create in 1764, stimulava le comprehension del arte e le capacitate de judicio artistic de Goethe. In un littera de gratias desde Frankfurt, Goethe le scribeva que ille habeva apprendite plus con ille que durante tote su annos al universitate.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 56.</ref> Per recommendation de Oeser, ille visitava [[Dresden]] e le [[Galeria de Pinturas de le Veteres Magistros|Galeria de Pinturas]] in martio 1768. Goethe establiva con le filia de Oeser, Friederike Elisabeth (1748–1829), un amicitia in 1765, que continuava ancora per alcun tempore post su annos de Leipzig per medio de correspondentia. Oeser ipse remaneva etiam in contacto plus proxime con Goethe per litteras usque a su partentia verso Strasbourg. Lor relation durava usque al morte de Oeser.
Apud le gravator [[Johann Michael Stock|Johann Michael Stock]] in le [[Urso Argentee (Leipzig)|Urso Argentee]], Goethe apprendeva durante su periodo de studente in Leipzig le technicas del [[Xylographia|xylographia]] e del [[Aquaforte|aquaforte]].
Lontan del casa parental, le 16- e 17-anne Goethe gaudeva in Leipzig de plus grande libertates: ille frequentava representationes teatral, passava le vespere con amicos e faceva excursiones in le ambiente.<ref>In ''Dichtung und Wahrheit'' (zweiter Teil, siebentes Buch, S. 302 [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Zweiter+Teil/Siebentes+Buch](http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Zweiter+Teil/Siebentes+Buch) (Zeno)]) erwähnt er einen solchen Ausflug zum Kuchenbäcker Hendel, dem Wirt vom [[Kuchengarten#Goethe und der Kuchengarten|Kuchengarten]] in Reudnitz, einem der sogenannten Kohldörfer, wo er ein Spottgedicht verfasste und an die Wand schrieb.</ref> Durante le periodo de Leipzig occurreva le «prime relation amorose serio» de Goethe.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 88.</ref> Le romance con [[Anna Katharina Schönkopf|Käthchen Schönkopf]], filia de un artesano e proprietario de albergo, esseva dissolvite de mutue accordo post duo annos. Le effusiones emotional de iste annos influentiava le stilo de scriptura de Goethe; si ille habeva antea ja componite poemas secundo le stilo regular del [[Rococo|rococo]], lor tono deveniva ora plus libere e tempestose. Un collection de 19 poemas [[Anacreontica|anacreontic]], copiate e illustrate per su amico [[Ernst Wolfgang Behrisch|Ernst Wolfgang Behrisch]], resultava in le libro ''[[Annette (Goethe)|Annette]]''. Un altere parve collection de poemas esseva imprimite in 1769 sub le titulo ''Neue Lieder'' como le prime del obras de Goethe publicate in forma de libro. Secundo Nicholas Boyle, in su initios juvene le poesia de Goethe esseva «sin compromissos erotic» e se occupava «directemente del fonte le plus potente del voler e sentir individual».<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 106.</ref>
In julio 1768, Goethe subiva un grave [[hemorrhagia]]. On suspectava un affection [[Tuberculose|tubercular]]. Hodie on presume plus tosto que se tractava de un [[ulcere gastric]] sanguinante, que poterea haber se formate como consequentia de su alte consumo de alcohol e de forte cargas psychic.<ref>[[https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0032-1309707.pdf ''Patient Goethe'']; Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 93.</ref> Goethe esseva tractate con successo per le medico de Leipzig [[Georg Christian Reichel]] (1727–1771). Quando ille esseva de novo plus o minus capace de viagiar, ille retornava in augusto — al disappointment de su patre sin un grado academic<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 96.</ref> — al casa parental in Frankfurt.
==== Frankfurt e Strasbourg (1768–1771) ====
[[File:Maison Goethe Strasbourg.jpg|thumb|upright|Le casa de Goethe in Strasbourg, olim al ''Fischmarkt'', hodie ''Rue du Vieux Marché aux Poissons'']]
Le maladia que menaciava su vita requireva un longe [[convalescentia]] e rendeva Goethe receptive al conceptiones del [[pietismo]], que un amica de su matre, le [[communitate del Fratres Moravos]] [[Susanne von Klettenberg]], le faceva cognoscer. Durante iste periodo, ille se approximava temporarimente al christianismo como adulto.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 91.</ref> Ille se occupava insimul de scriptos [[Mystica|mystic]] e [[Alchemie|alchemic]], un lectura al qual ille recurrerea plus tarde in ''[[Faust de Goethe]]''.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 73.</ref> Independente de isto, durante iste tempore ille scribeva su prime comedia, ''[[Le complices]]''.
In april 1770 Goethe continuava su studios al [[Universitate de Strasbourg]]. Strasbourg, con 43.000 habitantes, esseva plus grande que Frankfurt<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 116.</ref> e habeva essite annexate per Francia in 1681 in le quadro del [[politica de reunion]]. Le inseniamento al universitate se faceva ancora in grande parte in lingua germane.
Iste vice Goethe se dedicava con plus determination al studios juridic, ma trovava etiam tempore pro assister como auditor a in 1770–1771 al cursos de [[chimica]] e [[botanica]] de [[Jacob Reinbold Spielmann]].<ref>Georg Schwedt: ''Goethe als Chemiker.'' Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg u. a. 1998, S. 22 f.</ref> In Strasbourg ille establiva un integre serie de cognoscentias personal. Le plus importante esseva le del theologo, theoretico del arte e del litteratura [[Johann Gottfried Herder|Johann Gottfried Herder]]. Goethe lo appellava le «evento le plus significative» del periodo de Strasbourg.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 81.</ref> Le viro plus vetere, durante lor visitas quasi quotidian, aperiva le oculos de Goethe al fortia linguistic originari de autores como [[Homero]], [[William Shakespeare]] e [[Ossian]], como etiam al poesia popular, e assi le dava impulsos decisive pro le disveloppamento poetic de Goethe. Plus tarde, per le intervention de Goethe, ille esserea appellate al servicio de Weimar. Al circulo de su amicos e cognoscitos, qui se incontrava generalmente al mesme tabula durante le prandio, pertineva etiam le futuro [[oculista]] e scriptor de orientation pietista [[Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling|Jung-Stilling]], e le theologo e scriptor [[Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz]]. Ben que circumdate de amicos de orientation religiose, Goethe se distantiava definitivamente del pietismo in Strasbourg.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 118.</ref>
Su companion de studios [[Friedrich Leopold Weyland]] le introduceva in le familia del pastor Brion in [[Sessenheim]]. Goethe cognosceva ibi le filia del pastor, [[Friederike Brion]] (1752–1813), e se innamorava de illa. Con su abandono del Universitate de Strasbourg, le juvene Goethe, qui timeva le ligamines affective, poneva fin al relation, ben que Friederike lo comprendeva solmente per un carta de Goethe inviate de Frankfurt. Secundo Nicholas Boyle, Friederike debeva sentir se gravemente compromittite, proque, per su conducta verso illa, Goethe poteva esser considerate su fidanzato.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 128 f. und S. 133.</ref> Goethe recipeva con commotion e sentimento de culpa le novas de su collapso physic, que ille apprendeva per le responsa posterior de Friederike. Friederike remaneva non maritate usque al fin de su vita. Le poemas que Goethe scribeva pro illa deveniva plus tarde cognoscite como le ''[[Cantos de Sesenheim]]'' (inter alteres ''[[Salutation e congedo]]'', ''[[Canto de maio]]'' e ''[[Petite rosa del landes incultivate]]''). [[Karl Otto Conrady]] considera false le etiqueta de «[[lyrica de experientia]]» in iste caso. Le forma exterior del lyrica non offereva nihil de nove, e le expression linguistic excedeva solmente in nuantias le linguage poetic usual. Tamen, le «io» in iste poemas habeva tractos individual e non se appoiava super «modellos predefinite de [[poesia pastoral]]»; plus tosto, «le io parlante, le amate, le amor e le natura appareva con un intensitate linguistic usque alora incognite».<ref>Karl Otto Conrady: ''Goethe. Leben und Werk.'' Neuausgabe in einem Band. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, ISBN 3-538-06638-8, S. 121 und 125 f.</ref>
In le estate de 1771 Goethe submitteva su [[dissertation]] juridic (que non ha essite conservate), cuje thema esseva le relation inter le Stato e le Ecclesia. Le theologos de Strasbourg la considerava scandalose; un de illes appellava Goethe un «religionis contemptor folle». Le decano del facultate recommendava a Goethe de retirar le dissertation. Tamen, le universitate le offereva le possibilitate de obtener le [[licentia]]. Pro iste grado inferior, ille solmente debeva formular e defender alcun theses.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 100 f.</ref> Le base del [[disputation]] del 6 de augusto 1771, que ille superava «cum applausu», esseva 56 theses in lingua latin sub le titulo ''Positiones Juris''. In le penultime these ille tractava le question controverse de si un [[infanticida]] deberea esser condemnate al [[pena de morte]]. Plus tarde ille retomava le thema in forma artistic in le [[tragedia de Gretchen]].
=== Advocato e poeta in Frankfurt e Wetzlar (1771–1775) ===
[[File:Silhouette of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.svg|thumb|upright|Profil de Goethe in [[silhouette]]]]
[[File:-1- Die Leiden des jungen Werthers. Erstdruck.jpg|thumb|''Le suffrentias del juvene Werther'', prime edition de 1774 (in un revision posterior le [[genitivo]]-s esseva eliminate]]
Retornate a Frankfurt, Goethe aperiva un parve [[officio de advocato]], que serviva principalmente a su patre como «simple station de transito» verso cargos plus alte (per exemplo [[Schultheiß|Schultheiss]], como su avo).<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 102.</ref> Ille exerceva le advocatura durante quatro annos, con interesse tosto decrescente e poc fervor de labor, usque a su partida verso [[Weimar]]. Plus importante que le profession de advocato esseva pro Goethe le poesia. In fin de 1771 ille poneva in scripto — in le spatio de sex septimanas — le ''Historia de Gottfried de Berlichingen con le mano de ferro''. Post un revision, le drama esseva publicate in 1773 como ''[[Götz von Berlichingen (Goethe)|Götz de Berlichingen]]'' per le proprie editoria. Le obra, que rompeva con tote le regulas dramatic tradicionalmente transmittite, recipeva un reception enthousiaste e es considerate un documento fundational del [[Tempesta e Impeto]].<ref>[[Dieter Borchmeyer]]: ''Curso rapide Goethe.'' Dumont, Köln 2005, p. 35.</ref> Le drama ''[[Tempesta e Impeto (obra teatral)|Tempesta e Impeto]]'', que dava su nomine al epocha, esseva de [[Friedrich Maximilian Klinger]], qui apparteneva al circulo de amicos de Goethe desde su juventute.
In januario 1772, Goethe assistiva in Frankfurt al «ceremonia obscur» del execution public per le spada del infanticida [[Susanna Margaretha Brandt]].<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 120.</ref> Secundo [[Rüdiger Safranski]], illo formava le fundo personal del «tragedia de Gretchen» in le ''Faust'', que Goethe habeva comenciate a laborar al initio del annos 1770.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 119.</ref> Su soror Cornelia maritava in 1773 le advocato [[Johann Georg Schlosser]], amico de Goethe decem annos plus vetere, qui habeva participate como advocato al processo contra le infanticida. Plus tarde, in 1783, Goethe, consultate per le duca [[Carl August de Saxonia-Weimar-Eisenach (1757–1828)|Carl August de Weimar]], qui voleva transformar su pena capital in carceration perpetue, se pronunciava in le [[Consilio Secrete]] in favor del mantenimento del [[pena de morte|pena capital]]; Höhn esseva decapitate con le spada le 28 de novembre 1783.<ref>Uwe Wittstock, ''Esque iste pena esseva vermente meritate?'' In: [[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] del 8 de januario 2022.</ref>
Durante iste annos, ille visitava frequentemente le [[Circulo de Darmstadt]] del [[sensibilitate|sensitivos]], circum [[Johann Heinrich Merck]], faciente excursiones de 25 kilometros de Frankfurt a [[Darmstadt]].<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 156.</ref> Goethe attribueva grande importantia al judicio de Merck; in su autobiographia ille affirmava que Merck habeva exercite le «plus grande influentia» super su vita. Per invitation de Merck, Goethe scribeva [[recensiones]] pro le revista ''[[Annuncios erudite de Frankfurt]]'', dirigite per Merck e Schlosser.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 123–128.</ref>
Inter le duo redactiones del ''Götz'', Goethe, de nove per insistentia de su patre, se inscribeva in maio 1772 como practicante apud le [[Tribunal Cameral del Imperio]] in [[Wetzlar]]. Su collega ibi, [[Johann Christian Kestner]], describeva plus tarde le Goethe de ille tempore:
{{Citation|Il possede lo que on appella genio, e un imagination extraordinari. Il es vehemente in su affectiones. Il ha un maniera de pensar nobile. […] Il ama le infantes e pote occupar se multo con illes. Il es bizarro e ha in su comportamento e in su apparentia varie cosas que poterea render le desagradabile. Ma apud infantes, feminas e multe alteres ille es tamen ben acceptate. – Il face lo que le place, sin preoccupar se si illo place a alteres, si es al moda o si le maniera de viver le permitte. Tote constriction le es odiose. […] Il ha facite del belle scientias e del artes su opera principal, o plus tosto de tote le scientias, salvo le assi appellate scientias panificatori.<ref>Citate secundo Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 160.</ref>}}
De nove Goethe accordava poc attention al labor juridic. In vice, ille se occupava del autores antique. Durante un festa rural con dansas, ille incontrava le fidanzata de Kestner, [[Charlotte Buff]], e se innamorava de illa. Goethe deveniva un hospite regular e benvenite in le domo del familia Buff. Post que Charlotte le explicava que ille poteva sperar in nihil altere que su amicitia, e Goethe habeva comprendite le desesperation de su situation, ille fugiva de [[Wetzlar]].<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 162.</ref> In 1774 Goethe deveniva padrino de [[Georg Kestner (archivista, 1774)|Georg Kestner]], le filio senior de Johann Christian Kestner e Charlotte.
Un anno e medie plus tarde, ille elaborava iste experientia, assi como altere experientias proprie e de alteres, in le roman epistolar ''[[Le suffrentias del juvene Werther]]'', que ille scribeva al initio de 1774 in solmente quatro septimanas. Le obra de alte emotionalitate, attribuite tanto al «Tempesta e Impeto» como al corrente litterari contemporanee del «sensibilitate», rendeva su autor celebre in tote Europa in pauc tempore. Goethe ipse explicava plus tarde le enorme successo del libro e le «[[effecto Werther|febre de Werther]]» que illo habeva provocate per le facto que illo habeva precise incontrate le besonios del epocha. Le poeta se salvava ipse, per le labor creative al ''Werther'', de un situation vital personal de crise: «Io me sentiva, como post un confession general, de novo felice e libere, e con derecto a un nove vita.»<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''De mi vita. Poesia e veritate.'' Tertie parte, tredecime libro [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Dritter+Teil/Dreizehntes+Buch](http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Aus+meinem+Leben.+Dichtung+und+Wahrheit/Dritter+Teil/Dreizehntes+Buch) zeno.org] (consultate le 14 de januario 2015).</ref> Tamen, ille manteneva postea un relation cordial con Kestner e Lotte per correspondentia.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 164.</ref>
Al retorno de Wetzlar, su patre le recipeva con reproches, proque le filio ibi non habeva facite progressos professional.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 139.</ref> Le annos subsequente in Frankfurt, usque a su partida verso Weimar, esseva inter le plus productive del vita de Goethe. Ultra le ''Werther'', nasceva le grande [[hymnos]] (inter altere ''[[Canto tempestose del viator]], [[Ganimede (poema)|Ganimede]], [[Prometheus (hymno)|Prometheus]]'' e ''[[Canto de Mahomet]]''), plure dramas breve (inter altere ''[[Le festa del mercato in Plundersweilern]]'' e ''[[Deos, heroes e Wieland]]''), assi como le dramas ''[[Clavigo]]'' e ''[[Stella (Goethe)|Stella. Un obra teatral pro amantes]]''. Durante iste periodo Goethe se occupava etiam pro le prime vice del ''[[materia de Faust]]''.
Per Pascha 1775, Goethe se fidanzava con [[Lili Schönemann]], filia de un banquero de Frankfurt. Verso le fin de su vita, ille diceva a [[Johann Peter Eckermann|Eckermann]] que illa esseva le prime femina que ille habeva «profundemente e vermente amate». Pro le prime vice, como scribe Nicholas Boyle, Lili offereva a Goethe «le possibilitate completemente real del matrimonio»,<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 236.</ref> ma le juvene poeta reculava ante un tal ligamine. Un matrimonio non esseva compatibile con su planos de vita. Altere impedimentos esseva le differente ambientes social e confessiones del genitores (ille esseva lutheran, illa [[Hugenotto|hugenotta]]). Pro ganiar distantia, ille acceptava un invitation del fratres [[Christian de Stolberg-Stolberg|Christian]] e [[Friedrich Leopold de Stolberg-Stolberg]] a un viage de plure menses trans le [[Suisse]]. In [[Zurich]] ille esseva hospite de [[Johann Caspar Lavater|Lavater]], in cuje ''[[Physiognomia|Fragmentos physiognomic]]'' Goethe collaborava, e cognosceva [[Barbara Schulthess|Barbara Schultheß]] del circulo de amicos de Lavater. De illo nasceva un amicitia pro tote le vita; Goethe la nominava su «lectora le plus fidel».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita''. Hanser, München 2013, p. 183.</ref> A intervallos, illa recipeva le libros completate del emergente roman ''Wilhelm Meister'', que illa copiava con adjuta de su filia. Un de iste copias face possibile que le posteritate conservava le version original del roman, ''[[Le mission teatral de Wilhelm Meister]]'', discoperite in 1909 e imprimite in 1910.<ref>[[Arthur Henkel]]: Postface a Goethe: ''Le mission teatral de Wilhelm Meister'' (= ''[[Exempla classica|Bibliotheca Fischer de centos libros]]''). Fischer Bücherei, Frankfurt am Main 1969, p. 317–321, hic p. 318 f.</ref>
In octobre 1775, le fidanzamento esseva dissolvite per le matre de Lili, con le declaration que un matrimonio non esseva convenibile a causa del differentia inter le religiones.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 185.</ref> Goethe, qui suffreva multo del separation, acceptava in iste situation un invitation del duca de 18 annos [[Carl August de Saxonia-Weimar-Eisenach (1757–1828)|Carl August]] a un viage verso [[Weimar]].
=== Ministro in Weimar (ab 1775) ===
[[File:Weimar, Stadtplan von Franz Ludwig Güssefeld, 1784.jpg|thumb|Plano de Weimar (mesurate in 1782); a basso sinistre es indicate le jardin de Goethe]]
In novembre 1775 Goethe attingeva Weimar. Le capital del ducato de [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] contava solmente circa 6000 habitantes (le ducato circa 100 000), ma gratias al efforts del ducissa-matre [[Anna Amalia de Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Anna Amalia]], illo deveniva nihilominus un centro cultural.<ref>Anna Amalia succedeva, post le morte precoce de su marito, non solmente a governar su ducato durante 17 annos con grande prudentia, ma etiam a attraher artistas e scientistas a su «corte del Musas» e a promover les secundo su possibilitates. Le poeta ja cognoscite in ille tempore, [[Christoph Martin Wieland|Wieland]], illa nominava mesmo preceptor de su duo filios.</ref> Su corte habeva hospitate le renominate ensemble teatral de [[Abel Seyler]], usque un incendio in le anno 1774 destrueva le castello de Weimar. Al tempore quando Goethe esseva invitate a Weimar sin un function precise, ille esseva ja un autor celebre in tote Europa.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 197.</ref> Ille ganiava rapidemente le confidentia del duce Carl August, de octo annos su junior, educate in le spirito del Illumination e qui admirava su gran-uncle [[Federico II (Prussia)|Federico II]] pro su amicitia con [[Voltaire]]. Como ille, ille voleva «haber un grande spirito a su latere».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 207.</ref> Le duce faceva toto le possibile pro retener Goethe in Weimar; ille le faceva generose donos, inter altere le [[Casa de jardin de Goethe|casa de jardin in le parco al Illm]]. Quando le duce proponeva a ille de participar al direction del stato, Goethe acceptava post alcun hesitation. In illo le determinava le desiro de un activitate practic e efficace. A un amica de Frankfurt ille scribeva: «Io va […] probabilemente remaner […]. Mesmo si isto essere solmente pro alcun annos, illo es sempre melior que le vita inactive a casa, ubi io, con le plus grande placer, pote facer nihil. Hic io ha al minus un par de [[Ducato|ducatos]] ante me.»<ref>[[Klaus Seehafer]]: ''Mi vita, un sol aventura. Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Biographia.'' Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-351-02471-1, p. 141.</ref>
==== In le servicio del stato ====
[[File:Johann Wolfgang Goethe, 1779.png|thumb|upright|''Johann Wolfgang Goethe'', pictura al oleo per [[Georg Oswald May]], 1779]]
[[File:Ilmenauer Kupfer und Silberbergwerk Kuxschein 1784.jpg|thumb|alt=Un Kux del mina de cupro e argento de Ilmenau de 20 «thaler», emittite le 24 februario 1784 in Weimar, signate in original per Johann Wolfgang de Goethe, Johann Carl Wilhelm Voigt e Christian Gottlob de Voigt. Inscripte al nomine de Karl Theodor baron de Dalberg, gubernator de Erfurt.|Un [[Kux]] del mina de cupro e argento de Ilmenau de 20 [[Taler|«thaler»]], emittite le 24 februario 1784 in Weimar, signate in original per Johann Wolfgang de Goethe, [[Johann Carl Wilhelm Voigt]] e [[Christian Gottlob Voigt]]. Inscripte al nomine de [[Karl Theodor baron de Dalberg]], gubernator de Erfurt]]
Goethe deveniva le 11 de junio 1776 Consiliere secrete de [[Legation]] e membro del ''[[Conseil secrete|Conseil Secrete]]'', le organo consultive de tres membros del duce, con un salario annual de 1200 [[Taler|taler]].<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Vol. I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 279.</ref> Nominalmente, Goethe apparteneva al ''Conseil Secrete'' usque a su dissolution in 1815. Le 14 de maio 1780 ille scribeva a Kestner concernente su activitate litterari durante le servicio del stato, que ille postponerea su activitate de scriptor, ma se permitteva «[…] secundo le exemplo del [[Federico II (Prussia)|gran rege]], qui dedicava cata die alcun horas al [[flauto]], etiam a vices exercitar le talento que es proprie a me».<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Classicismo de Weimar. Portrait de un epocha.'' Nova edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, ISBN 3-407-32124-4, p. 66.</ref>
De su ex-amicos del periodo del ''[[Sturm e Drang|Sturm e Drang]]'', como Lenz e [[Friedrich Maximilian Klinger|Klinger]], qui le visitava in Weimar in 1776, restava ibi durante un tempore e recipeva supporto financiari de Goethe, ille finalmente se distanciava bruscamente. Lenz, post un insulto cuje causas remane incognoscite usque hodie, ille faceva mesmo expeller del ducato.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 228.</ref>
Le activitate de Goethe como funcionario extendeva se, a partir de 1777, al renovation del [[Ilmenau]] [[mineria]] e, a partir de 1779, al presidentia de duo commissiones permanente: le commission del construction de stratas e le commission militar, con competentia pro le recluta de soldatos pro le armea de Weimar.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Vol. I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 294 f.</ref> Su principal preoccupation esseva sanear le budget del stato, gravemente indebitate, per medio de reduction del gastos public con simultanee promotion del economia. Isto succedeva al minus partialmente; per exemplo, le reduction per le medietate del «fortias armate» produceva economias.<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Classicismo de Weimar. Portrait de un epocha.'' Edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 72 f. Vide etiam Sandra Richter: ''Homo e mercato. Proque nos time le competition e tamen lo necessita.'' Murmann, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86774-128-6, p. 71.</ref> Le difficultates e le insuccesso de su efforts in le servicio del stato, insimul con un surcharge de labor, le menava al resignation. Goethe notava in su diario in 1779: «Nulle persona sape lo que io face e con quante inimicos io lucta pro producer le pauc que io produce.»<ref>Citate secundo [[Karl Otto Conrady]]: ''Goethe. Vita e obra.'' Nova edition in un sol volumine. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, p. 328.</ref> Per viages con le duce, Goethe se familiarisava con le pais e su habitantes. Su activitates le menava inter alteres a [[Apolda]], cuje miseria ille describe, como etiam a altere regiones del ducato.<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Classicismo de Weimar. Portrait de un epocha.'' Edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 72 f.</ref> Principalmente in le quadro de su deberes official, Goethe faceva durante su prime decennio in Weimar plure viages ultra le frontieras del pais, inter illos in le primavera de 1778 un viage a [[Dessau]] e [[Berlin]], de septembre 1779 a januario 1780 in [[Suisse]], e plure vices al [[Harz (massif montuose)|Harz]] (1777, 1783 e 1784). Le 5 de septembre 1779 ille esseva promovite a [[Consiliere secrete|Consiliere Secrete]].<ref name="Activitate official 1958">[[Willy Flach]]: ''Activitate official.'' 1958/61. In: [[Volker Wahl]] (ed.): ''Willy Flach (1903–1958). Contributos al archivistica, al historia regional de Thuringia e al investigation de Goethe.'' Böhlau, Weimar 2003, ISBN 978-3-7400-1205-2, p. 384–393, hic p. 385.</ref>
[[File:Danksagung Goethe an Loge Amalia zu Weimar 1830.jpg|thumb|upright|Gratias de Goethe (copie manuscripte) al logia de Weimar «Amalia» pro su 50me anniversario como francmasone (1830)]]
Le consiliere de corte [[Johann Joachim Christoph Bode]], qui habeva venite a Weimar, eveliava le interesse de Goethe pro le logia de [[Francmasoneria|francmasones]] de Weimar «[[Anna Amalia al tres rosas|Amalia]]». Durante su secunde viage a Suisse, Goethe faceva su prime effortes pro esser admittite; le 23 de junio 1780 ille entrava in le logia. Ille passava rapidemente le grados usual e esseva promovite a compagnon in 1781 e, in 1782, insimul con Carl August, a maestro.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Vol. I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 319 e 387.</ref> Le 7 de octobre 1781 Goethe viagiava a [[Gotha]] pro incontrar personalmente [[Friedrich Melchior Grimm]], le autor germano-francese, diplomate e amico de [[Denis Diderot]] e de altere [[Encyclopedista|encyclopedistas]]. Grimm habeva ja visitate Goethe le 8 de octobre 1777 al [[Wartburg]].<ref>Gero von Wilpert: ''Lexico de Goethe'' (= ''Edition de tasca de Kröner.'' Vol. 407). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-40701-9, p. 425–426.</ref>
Le activitates de Goethe in [[Ilmenau]] e su lucta contra le corruption ibi incitava le duce, le 11 de junio 1782, a incarcar le de familiarisar se con le direction del [[Camera de corte|affaires del camera]], isto es, le finantias del stato, sin tamen conferir le titulo official del presidente del camera Johann August Alexander von Kalb, qui habeva essite dimittite le 6 de junio 1782. Il debeva participar al sessiones del collegio del camera e esser informate de tote le affaires extraordinari.<ref>[[Irmtraut Schmid]], [[Gerhard Schmid (archivista)|Gerhard Schmid]]: ''Le scriptos official de Goethe.'' In: [[Reinhard Kluge (archivista)|Reinhard Kluge]] (ed.): ''Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Opera complete, litteras, diarios e conversationes.'' Vol. 26: ''Scriptos official. Parte 1: Conseil Secrete e altere campos de activitate assumite ante le viage a Italia.'' Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 978-3-618-60425-9, p. 815–854, hic p. 837.</ref> In le mesme anno ille esseva nominate supervisor del [[Universitate Friedrich Schiller de Jena|Universitate de Jena]].<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Classicismo de Weimar. Portrait de un epocha.'' Edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 73 f.</ref>
[[File:Goethe-Wappen.png|thumb|upright|Arma de Goethe]]
A petition del duce, le 3 de junio 1782, le imperator [[Joseph II]] le concedeva le [[Diploma de nobilitate|diploma de nobilitate]]. Le [[Nobilitation|ennobilitation]] debeva facilitar su activitate al corte e in le affaires del stato.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Vol. I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 391 f.</ref> Plus tarde, in 1827, Goethe diceva a [[Johann Peter Eckermann]] concernente su ennobilitation: «Quando on me dava le diploma de nobilitate, multe personas credeva que io me sentiria elevate per illo. Ma, inter nos, illo non esseva nihil, absolutemente nihil pro me! Nos [[Patriciato|patricios]] de Frankfurt nos considerava sempre equal al nobilitate, e quando io teneva le diploma in mi manos, in mi pensamento il non habeva nihil plus que lo que io ja possedeva desde longe.»<ref>[[https://blog.litteratur.ch/WordPress/?p=8675](https://blog.litteratur.ch/WordPress/?p=8675) ''Monsieur Göthé''] (consultate le 17 octobre 2020.) Marko Kreutzmann: ''Inter le vita de ordines e le vita burgese: le nobilitate in Saxonia-Weimar'', 2008, [[https://books.google.de/books?id=I-pXWwqjUwQC&pg=PA7](https://books.google.de/books?id=I-pXWwqjUwQC&pg=PA7) p. 7.]</ref> Tamen, isto faceva su senso de valor personal elevar se un poco supra le realitate, nam nulle de su duo grandpatres habeva per nascentia le derecto de citatan de Frankfurt, e multo minus le appartinentia al [[Patriciato (Frankfurt am Main)|patriciato de Frankfurt]]; [[Johann Wolfgang Textor]] habeva tamen ascendite usque al [[Lista del burgomaistros de Frankfurt am Main|burgomaistro senior]] e on dice que ille habeva refusate un ennobilitation.
Le [[Commission immediat|commissiones immediate]] inter 1776 e 1783 esseva le principal instrumento de Goethe pro le application de reformas, proque le systema administrative «rigidificate» non esseva capabile de realisar los. Le effortes reformatori de Goethe esseva obstaculisate in le annos 1780 per le [[Aristocratia|aristocratia]] del ducato.<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Classicismo de Weimar. Portrait de un epocha.'' Edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 73–78.</ref> Le initiative de Goethe pro revivificar le extraction de cupro e [[Extraction de argento|mineria de argento]] in Ilmenau se revelava poc efficace, motivo pro le qual illo esseva finalmente terminate completemente in 1812.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 314; Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Vol. I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 294 f.</ref>
Con circa 33 annos, Goethe habeva attingite le culmine de su successo. Post le duce, ille esseva le homine le plus potente de Weimar.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Vol. I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 392. In junio 1782 [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], non sin ironia, enumerava le functiones de Goethe: «Il es ergo ora Consiliere Secrete real, presidente del camera, presidente del collegio militar, supervisor del construction usque al construction de stratas, insimul etiam Directeur del divertimentos, poeta de corte, autor de festivitates belle, operas de corte, ballets, procession de mascaras, inscriptiones, obras de arte etc., director del academia de design, […] in breve, le [[Factotum|factotum]] de Weimar e, si Deo vole, tosto le [[Majordomo|majordomo]] de tote le casas [[Ernestinos|ernestine]], al quales ille va circum pro esser adorate.» Citate secundo Boyle p. 392. (Al momento del observation de Herder, Goethe esseva tamen solmente Consiliere Secrete. Consiliere Secrete real ille deveniva in 1804.)</ref> Pro su labor pro le duce, ille esseva criticate como «[[Servitor del principes|servitor del principe]]» e «poeta despotic».<ref>De Ludwig Börne on ha preservate le designation «poeta del principes, id es, poeta despotic», referite a Goethe. Vide Gero von Wilpert: ''Le 101 questiones le plus importante: Goethe.'' C. H. Beck, München 2007, p. 121 f.</ref>
Le activitate de Goethe in le ''Consilium'' es evalutate differentemente in le litteratura. Pro alcun autores ille es un [[Precursor del Illumination|politico reformator del Illumination]], qui inter alteres se effortiava pro liberar le agricultores del opressive [[Servitude|servitutes]] e cargas fiscal; <ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Curso rapide Goethe.'' Dumont, Köln 2005, p. 52.</ref> alteres sublinea que ille, in su function official, supportava tanto le [[Recrutamento fortiate|recrutamento fortiate]] de filios del pais pro le armea prussian como mesuras pro restringer le libertate de expression. In 1783 ille votava pro le execution del matre celibe [[Johanna Catharina Höhn]], qui habeva occidite su neonate in desperation — al contrario del attitude comprensive e compassive que ille exprimerea plus tarde in le [[Tragedia de Gretchen]].<ref>[[W. Daniel Wilson]]: ''Le tabu de Goethe. Protesta e derectos human in le Weimar classic.'' Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, München 1999, ISBN 3-423-30710-2, p. 47 ss., 76 ss. e 7 f.</ref>
In 1784 Goethe succedeva a persuader le [[Statos provincial|statos regional]] de Weimar, Jena e Eisenach a assumer le debitas del stato de 130 000 taler, per reducer lor appropriationes annual pro le budget militar de 63 400 taler a 30 000 taler.<ref>Irmtraut Schmid, Gerhard Schmid: ''Le scriptos official de Goethe.'' In: Reinhard Kluge (ed.): ''Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Opera complete, litteras, diarios e conversationes.'' Vol. 26: ''Scriptos official. Parte 1: Conseil Secrete e altere campos de activitate assumite ante le viage a Italia.'' Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 978-3-618-60425-9, p. 815–854, hic p. 838.</ref>
Le 13 de septembre 1804 Goethe deveniva finalmente Consiliere Secrete real con le titulo honorific [[Excellentia (titulo)|''Excellentia'']].<ref name="Activitate official 1958" />
==== Poesia e studio del natura ====
Durante su prime decennio in Weimar, Goethe publicava, excepto alcun poemas dispersate in revistas, nihil. Le labor quotidian lassava a ille poc tempore pro un activitate poetic seri, specialmente proque ille esseva anque responsabile pro le organisation de festas del corte e pro fornir al teatro de amatores del corte cantatas e piezas teatral. Inter iste productiones occasional, que ille sovente considerava un deber molestante, se trova un nove version del ''Festo del mercato de Plundersweilern''. Inter le obras plus ambitiose de iste periodo, solmente un prime version in prosa de ''[[Iphigenia in Tauride|Iphigenia in Tauride]]'' esseva completate; insimul comenciate esseva ''[[Egmont (Goethe)|Egmont]], [[Torquato Tasso (Goethe)|Tasso]]'' e ''[[Wilhelm Meister]]''. Inoltre nasceva alcun del poemas le plus cognoscite de Goethe; ultra le poemas amorose dedicate a [[Charlotte von Stein]] (per exemplo, ''Perque tu nos dava le profunde reguardos''), illos comprendeva inter alteres ''le [[Le Roi des Aulnes (ballada)|Rege del alnos]], [[Le canto de nocte del viator|Canto de nocte del viator]], [[Limites del humanitate (Goethe)|Limites del humanitate]]'' (1780) e ''[[Le Divine|Le Divine]]''.
Circa 1780 Goethe comenciava a occupar se systematicamente de questiones del scientias natural. Plus tarde ille attribueva isto al occupationes official con questiones del industria minier, del agricultura, del exploitation forestal, etc. Su interesse principal esseva inicialmente le [[Geologia|geologia]] e le [[Mineralogia|mineralogia]], le [[Botanica|botanica]] e le [[Osteologia|osteologia]]. In iste campo, in 1784, ille faceva le supposite discoperimento (proque illo esseva apena cognoscite, ma in realitate solmente un auto-discoperimento)<ref>Klaus Seehafer: ''Mi vita, un sol aventura. Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Biographia.'' Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2000, p. 180.</ref> del [[Osso intermaxillar|osso intermaxillar]] in le homine. In le mesme anno ille scribeva su essay ''[[Super le granito]]'' e planava un libro con le titulo ''Romance del Terra''.
==== Relation con Charlotte von Stein ====
[[File:Charlotte von Stein.jpg|thumb|Charlotte von Stein]]
Le relation le plus importante e formative de Goethe durante iste decennio in Weimar esseva celle con le damisella del corte [[Charlotte von Stein]] (1742–1827). Le femina septe annos plus vetere esseva maritate con le superior maestro del stabulo del corte [[Gottlob Ernst Josias Friedrich von Stein]] (1735–1793), qui a su vice esseva septe annos plus vetere que illa. Illa habeva con ille septe infantes, ex le qual tres viveva ancora quando Goethe la incontrava. 1770 cartas, billets, «billetins» e numerose poemas de Goethe a seniora von Stein se ha conservate. Illos monstra que illa promoveva le poeta como un «educatrice» — le cartas de seniora von Stein a ille non se ha conservate. Illa le inseniava le manieres de comportamento del corte, calmava su inquietude interior e fortificava su autodisciplina. Le question de si il habeva anque un relation sexual o solmente un «amicitia del animas» non pote esser respondite con certitude.<ref>[[Helmut Koopmann]]: ''Goethe e seniora von Stein – Historia de un amor.'' C. H. Beck, München 2002, ISBN 3-406-48652-5, p. 254 ss.</ref> Le majoritate del autores suppone que Charlotte von Stein refusava satisfacer le desiro corporal de su amante. In un carta desde Roma ille scribeva que le «pensamento de non posseder te me […] consume e devora».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 309. – Como le contemporaneos de Goethe considerava iste relation pote esser deducite ex un carta de Schiller del 12 augusto 1787 a Körner: «On dice que lor relation debe esser completemente pur e irreprochabile» ({{Webarchiv |url=[http://www.wissen-im-netz.info/literatur/schiller/briefe/koerner/1787/51.htm](http://www.wissen-im-netz.info/literatur/schiller/briefe/koerner/1787/51.htm) |text=online |wayback=20150402192132}}).</ref>
Es frequentemente defendite le these del psychoanalysta [[Kurt Eissler]]<ref>[[Kurt R. Eissler]]: ''Goethe. Un studio psychoanalytic 1775–1786.'' Volumine 2. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag. München 1987, ISBN 3-423-04457-8, p. 1157.</ref> secundo le qual Goethe habeva su prime relation sexual a 39 annos, in Roma. Anque su biographo Nicholas Boyle vide in le episodio roman con «[[Faustina (Goethe)|Faustina]]» le prime contacto sexual documentarimente attestabile.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 588.</ref>
Le partita clandestin de Goethe pro Italia in 1786 perturbava le relation, e post su retorno occurreva le ruptura definitive a causa del relation amorose stabile que Goethe habeva comenciate con [[Christiane von Goethe|Christiane Vulpius]], su futuro sposa, que le profundemente vulnerate seniora von Stein non le perdonava. Illa, cuje vita integre e conception de se mesme se fundava super le negation del sensualitate, videva in iste relation un infidelitate de Goethe. Illa reclamava le retorno de su cartas a ille.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 677.</ref> Christiane la appellava solmente «le creaturula» e pensava que Goethe habeva duo naturas, un sensual e un spiritual. Solmente in lor etate avantiate ambe trovava de novo un relation amical, sin tamen restaurar le cordial relation de olim.<ref>[[Wolfgang Frühwald]]: ''Le nuptias de Goethe''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-458-19294-7, p. 60.</ref> Le parve filio de Goethe [[August von Goethe|August]], qui effectuava varie messages inter le casa de Goethe e celle de von Stein e que Charlotte habeva prendite a corde, initiava un reprise hesitant de lor correspondentia a partir de 1794, que tamen de allora in poi esseva conducite per le forma formal «vostre».<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 556 f.</ref>
=== Viage a Italia (1786–1788) ===
[[File:Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein - Goethe in der roemischen Campagna.jpg|thumb|''[[Goethe in le Campania Roman|Goethe in le Campania]]'' de [[Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein]], 1787]]
[[File:Goethe, St. Peter (Rome).jpg|thumb|Vista del [[Basilica de Sancte Petro|Basilica de Sancte Petro]] desde le ''Arco Oscuro'' presso le [[Villa Giulia (Roma)|Villa Giulia]], aquarella de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, estate 1787]]
[[File:Johann Friedrich Bury, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in seinem italienischen Freundeskreis.jpg|thumb|''Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in su circulo de amicos italian, designo a penna de [[Friedrich Bury]], circa 1787]]
In le medie del annos 1780, al apice de su carriera official, Goethe entrava in un crise. Su activitates official remaneva sin successos, le cargas de su functiones e le coercitiones del vita de corte deveniva molestes pro ille, e le relation con Charlotte von Stein se tornava progressivemente insatisfacente. Quando le editor Göschen le offereva in 1786 de preparar un edition complete de su obras, ille comprendeva bruscamente que nihil nove de ille habeva apparite durante le ultime dece annos. In consideration de su fragmentos poetic [[Fauststoff|(''Faust'', ''Egmont'', ''Wilhelm Meister'', ''Tasso'')]], le dubitas super su existentia dual como artista e functionario se intensificava. In le drama ''[[Torquato Tasso (Goethe)|Torquato Tasso]]'', Goethe trovava le materia adequate pro representar su existentia contradictori in le corte. Ille la divideva inter duo characteres, Tasso e Antonio, inter le quales il non existe reconciliation. Durante que ille diffideva del equilibrio poetic, ille tentava ancora in le realitate mantener le duo aspectos in equilibrio.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 307–314.</ref>
Ma post le experientia disillusionante de su stagnation poetic durante le prime decennio in Weimar, ille se retirava del corte per un viage cultural a Italia, impreviste pro su ambiente.<ref>Klaus-Detlef Müller: ''Le miseria del existentia del poetas: le «Torquato Tasso» de Goethe.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Volumine 124, 2007, p. 198–214, hic: p. 198 ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20200801104147/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835321977.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20200801104147/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835321977.pdf) version PDF]).</ref> Le 3 septembre 1786 ille partiva sin congedo ab un cura in Karlsbad. Solmente su secretario e servitor de confidentia [[Goethes Diener|Philipp Seidel]] esseva al corrente.<ref name="Rüdiger Safranski 2013">Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 318.</ref> Al duce ille habeva demandate per scripto, post le ultime incontro personal in Karlsbad, un licentia sin termino fixe. Le die ante su partita, ille le annunciava su absentia imminente sin revelar su destination.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 452, 471.</ref> Le partita secrete con destination incognite esseva probabilemente parte de un strategia que permitterea a Goethe renunciar a su cargos, durante que ille continuarea a reciper su salario.<ref>Roberto Zapperi: ''Le incognito. Le altere existentia de Goethe in Roma.'' C. H. Beck, München 1999, ISBN 978-3-406-60471-3, p. 8 f.</ref> Le autor del ''Werther'', famose in tote Europa, viagiava [[Inkognito (Zeremoniell)|incognito]] sub le nomine Johann Philipp Möller,<ref name="Rüdiger Safranski 2013" /> pro poter mover se libere in le spatio public.
Post sya estadias intermedie in [[Verona]], [[Vicenza]] e [[Venetia]], Goethe attingeva [[Roma]] in novembre [[1786]]. Il remaneva ibi primo usque a februario 1787 (prime estancia in Roma). Post un viage de quatro menses a [[Napoles]] e [[Sicilia]], ille retornava in junio 1787 a Roma, ubi ille remaneva usque al fin de april 1788 (secunde estancia in Roma). Durante le viage de retorno ille faceva estadias intermedie, inter alteres, in [[Siena]], [[Florentia]], [[Parma]] e [[Milan]]. Duo menses plus tarde, le 18 junio 1788, ille esseva de novo in Weimar.
In Roma Goethe viveva presso le pictor german [[Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein|Wilhelm Tischbein]],<ref>In iste habitation, hodie Via del Corso 18, se trova le museo ''[[Casa de Goethe]]'', dedicate principalmente al estadias de Goethe in Roma e Italia.</ref> qui pintava le retrato probabilemente le plus cognoscite del poeta ([[Goethe in le Campania Roman|Goethe in le Campania]]). Ille esseva anque in communication intense con altere membros del colonia de artistas german in Roma, inter illes [[Angelika Kauffmann]], qui anque faceva su retrato, con [[Jakob Philipp Hackert]], [[Friedrich Bury]], e con le pictor suisse [[Heinrich Meyer (Pictor)|Johann Heinrich Meyer]], qui plus tarde se transfererea a Weimar e ibi devenirea inter alteres su consiliero artistic. Ille esseva anque in relation amical con le scriptor [[Karl Philipp Moritz]]; in lor conversationes se formava le conceptiones del theoria del arte que devenirea fundamental pro le conception «classic» de Goethe del arte e que Moritz exponeva in su obra ''Super le imitation creative del belle''.
Goethe apprendeva in Italia a cognoscer e admirar le constructiones e obras de arte del [[Antiquitate|Antiquitate]] e del [[Renascentia]]; su veneraton special esseva pro [[Raphael]] e le architecto [[Andrea Palladio]]. In le edificios de iste ultime, ille habeva observate con entusiasmo in Vicenza como illos dava nove vita al formas del Antiquitate.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 480 f.</ref> Sub le direction de su amicos artistas, ille se exercitava con grande ambition in le designo; circa 850 designos de Goethe del periodo italian se ha conservate. Ma ille comprendeva anque que ille esseva nascite non como artista visual, sed como poeta. Ille se dedicava intensemente al completamento de obras litterari: ille transformava le ''[[Iphigenia in Tauride|Iphigenia]]'', ja existente in [[Prosa|prosa]], in versos, terminava le ''[[Egmont (Goethe)|Egmont]]'', comenciate dece-duo annos ante, e continuava a laborar al ''[[Torquato Tasso (Goethe)|Tasso]]''. In addition, ille se occupava de studios de botanica. Ma super toto ille «viveva»: «Sub le protection del [[Anonimato|incognito]] (le amicos german cognosceva tamen su identitate ver), ille poteva frequentar ambientes social plus simple, dar libere curso a su placer pro jocos e scherzos e facer experientias erotic.»<ref>[[https://www.kulturraum.nrw/buch/goethes-venezianische-epigramme.html](https://www.kulturraum.nrw/buch/goethes-venezianische-epigramme.html) Epigrammas venetian, numero 100 g]</ref><ref>Roberto Zapperi: ''Le incognito. Le altere existentia de Goethe in Roma.'' C.H. Beck, München 1999, p. 133 ss.</ref>
Le viage deveniva pro Goethe un experientia decisiv; ille mesme parlava repetitemente in cartas a casa de un «renascentia», de un «nove juventute» que ille habeva experite in Italia.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 506. – Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 328.</ref> Ille scribeva al duce que ille habeva retrovate se mesme como artista. Concernente su activitate futur in Weimar, ille le faceva saper que ille voleva esser liberate del cargas precedente e facer «lo que nemo pote facer excepto me, e incaricar le resto a alteres». Le duce accordava a Goethe le prolongation demandate de su licentia pagate, de sorta que ille poteva remaner in Roma usque a Pascha 1788.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra de arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 338–341.</ref> Un resultato de su viage esseva que, post su retorno a Weimar, ille separava su existentia poetic de su existentia politic.<ref>Klaus-Detlef Müller: ''Le miseria del existentia del poetas: le «Torquato Tasso» de Goethe.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Volumine 124, 2007, p. 198–214, hic: p. 214 ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20200801104147/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835321977.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20200801104147/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835321977.pdf) version PDF]).</ref> Basate super su diarios, ille redigeva inter 1813 e 1817 le ''[[Viage italian]]''.
=== Tempore del Classicismo de Weimar (ab 1789) ===
==== Relation con Christiane Vulpius (1788–1816) ====
[[File:Christiane-von-Goethe-Vulpius.jpg|thumb|upright|''Christiane Vulpius'', designo de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]
Pauc septimanas post su retorno, le 12 de julio 1788, Goethe faceva le cognoscentia del [[Modist|modista]] de 23 annos [[Christiane von Goethe|Christiane Vulpius]], qui se presentava ante ille como supplicante in favor de su fratre [[Christian August Vulpius]], qui post le studio de derecto se trovava in difficultates financial.<ref>[[Sigrid Damm]]: ''Christiane und Goethe. Eine Recherche''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-87763-020-0, p. 117.</ref> Illa deveniva su amante e tosto su compania de vita. Le matre de Goethe la nominava le „tesoro de lecto“. Non solmente ex le allusiones erotic in le ''[[Römische Elegien|Elegias roman]]'', que Goethe scribeva in ille tempore e in le quales le figura de su amante roman Faustina se fusionava con celle de Christiane,<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 663.</ref> [[Sigrid Damm]] conclude que illes duo esseva „un pare amante del sensos, dotate de imagination in le amor“. <ref>Sigrid Damm: ''Christiane und Goethe. Eine Recherche''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1998, p. 121.</ref> Quando Christiane esseva gravidate, Goethe voleva acolliger la in le domo al Frauenplan, ma a desiro del duce e per consideration al societate de Weimar ille se installava con illa in un appartamento extra le portas del citate.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 355.</ref> Le 25 de decembre 1789, illa parturiva le filio [[August von Goethe|August Walter]]. A occasion del baptismo, Goethe non se declarava formalmente como patre, ma le infante non esseva registrate como illegitime.<ref>Sigrid Damm: ''Christiane und Goethe. Eine Recherche''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1998, pp. 142 f.</ref> Un puero nasceva morte in 1791. Tres altere infantes commun sobreviviva le nascentia solmente alcun dies.<ref>Stephan Oswald: ''Im Schatten des Vaters. August von Goethe.'' München 2023, p. 31.</ref> In 1792 le duce approbava le translocation al domo al Frauenplan, que Goethe poteva habitar sin renta con Christiane, ante que illo, in 1794, per un donation del duce — in gratia del accompagnamento durante le [[Erster Koalitionskrieg|campanias del prime coalition]] de 1792 e 1793 — deveniva proprietate de Goethe.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band II: ''1790–1803''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, pp. 145 e 251.</ref>
Poco es cognoscite re le „ligamine fugitive, sentimental con un dama nobile“,<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band II: ''1790–1803''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 111.</ref> le 21enne [[Henriette von Schuckmann|Henriette von Lüttwitz]], que ille incontrava post le nascentia de August durante su viage per [[Schlesien|Silesia]] in 1790 a Breslau e a qui ille faceva un proposition de matrimonio, que su patre nobile refusava.<ref>Irma Margarethe Lengersdorff: ''Eine Heiratsabsicht Goethes aus dem Jahr 1790.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Neue Folge, Band 27, 1965, pp. 175–192.</ref>
Le poco educate Christiane, originante de un familia cadite in difficultates financial, non habeva accesso al societate de Weimar, in le qual Goethe se moveva. Illa esseva considerate ibi como vulgar e amante del divertimentos; le illegitimitate del „relation non conforme al stato social“ aggravava le situation. Goethe appreciava su natura natural e allegre e manteneva le relation con su „parve Eroticon“ usque al fin del vita de Christiane in 1816. Solmente in 1806 ille meliorava su position social per le matrimonio, que aperiva a illa le via al bon societate. Goethe se decideva al matrimonio a breve termino post que Christiane, per su intervention coragiose, le salvava del periculo mortal, quando, le vespere del [[Schlacht bei Jena und Auerstedt|batalla de Jena e Auerstedt]], soldatos francese saccheggiante la menaciava in su domo a Weimar. Solmente cinque dies plus tarde le matrimonio esseva celebrate. Como inscription pro le anulos, Goethe eligeva le data del battalia e de su salvation durante le nocte de terror: 14 de octobre 1806.<ref>Wolfgang Frühwald: ''Goethes Hochzeit''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2007, pp. 35, 42, 60.</ref>
==== Metamorphose del plantas e Elegias roman ====
In le annos post su viage in Italia, Goethe se occupava principalmente del recerca del natura. In su relation con le natura, ille distingueva solmente duo periodos: le decennio ante 1780, que esseva marcate principalmente, durante le annos in Strasbourg, per le experientia del natura, e le cinquanta annos sequente de studio systematic del natura in Weimar.<ref>[[Alfred Schmidt (Philosoph)|Alfred Schmidt]]: ''Natur.'' Articulo in: ''Goethe Handbuch.'' Band 4/2: ''Personen, Sachen, Begriffe L–Z.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01447-9, p. 766.</ref> Durante un certe tempore, ille trovava in [[Alexander von Humboldt]] un parceiro scientific de valor equivalente, con qui ille poteva intercambiar sur lor recercas natural-scientific durante longe promenadas in Jena e con qui ille realisava experimentos natural-scientific commun in le primavera de 1797.<ref>Andrea Wulf: ''Fabelhafte Rebellen. Die frühen Romantiker und die Erfindung des Ich.'' Bertelsmann, München 2022, pp. 160 ss.</ref> In un epistola posterior a Wilhelm von Humboldt, ille nominava le incontro con ille como un de su „punctos le plus lumine del vita“.<ref>Citate secundo Andrea Wulf: ''Fabelhafte Rebellen. Die frühen Romantiker und die Erfindung des Ich.'' Bertelsmann, München 2022, p. 395.</ref>
In 1790 Goethe publicava su ''[[Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären|Tentativa de explicar le metamorphose del plantas]]'',<ref>Johan Wolfgang von Goethe: ''Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären.'' Ettinger, Gotha 1790. ({{DTAW|goethe_metamorphose_1790}})</ref> un monographia de 86 paginas, que durante le vita de Goethe recipeva pauc interesse e que faceva de ille un del cofundatores del morphologia comparative. Con le grande [[Lehrgedicht|poema didactic]] ''[[Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen|Le metamorphose del plantas]]'', scribite in 1798, ille riusciva a unir poesia e recerca del natura. Le poema natural, scribite in le metro del [[Distichon|distico elegiac]], es adressate a un „amate“ (Christiane Vulpius) e presenta su doctrina morphologic in forma concentrate.<ref>[[Felix Sieglbauer]]: ''Goethes Begriff der Morphologie.'' In: Akademischer Senat der Universität Innsbruck (Hrsg.): ''Innsbrucker Universitätsalmanach auf das Goethe-Jahr 1949.'' Tyroliadruck, Innsbruck 1949, pp. 165–190.</ref> In le annos 1790, ille comenciava etiam su investigationes sur le [[Farbenlehre (Goethe)|theoria del colores]], que haberea a occupar le usque al fin de su vita.
Inter le obras del prime annos 1790 se trova le ''[[Römische Elegien|Elegias roman]]'', un collection de poemas apertemente erotic que esseva create poc post su retorno. In le formas del poesia antique, Goethe elaborava non solmente le memoria del experientias cultural e amorose de su prime viage in Italia, ma etiam su sensual e felice amor pro Christiane Vulpius. Vinti del vinti-quatro poemas esseva publicate in 1795 in le ''[[Die Horen (Schiller)|Horen]]'' de Schiller. Le societate de Weimar se offendeva del erotica de Goethe, ben que ille habeva retenite quatro del poemas le plus licentiose.<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Aktualisierte Neuausgabe. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, pp. 183–186.</ref>
==== Cargas official, campanias militar e politica ====
Post su retorno ex Italia, Goethe se habeva facite liberar per le duce de le major parte de su obligationes official. Ille tamen conservava su sede in le ''Consilium'' e con illo le possibilitate de influentia politic. Como „ministro sin [[Ministerium#Portefeuille|portafolio]]“<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 742.</ref> ille assumeva un serie de cargas cultural e scientific, inter illos le direction del schola de designo e le supervision del obras public. In ultra, ille recipeva le direction del [[Theatro del corte de Weimar]] – un carga que demandava mult tempore, proque ille esseva responsabile de tote le affaires. In addition, Goethe prestava consilio in affaires del [[Universitate Friedrich Schiller de Jena]], que pertineva al ducato. A su intervention se debe le nomination de un serie de professores renominate, inter illes [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]] e [[Friedrich Schiller]]. Post que le supervision del universitate le esseva conferite in 1807, Goethe se impegnava principalmente pro le expansion del facultate del scientias natural. In ultra, Goethe habeva un parte substantial in le fundation del „[[schola de medicina veterinari]]“ de Jena in 1816.<ref>G. S. Levit, U. Hoßfeld, L. Knoblich, (2014). Johann Wolfgang von Goethe und die Entstehung der Veterinärmedizin in Thüringen. ''Rudolstädter naturhistorische Schriften'', ''20'', 31–44.</ref>
Post le conclusion del edition in octo tomos del obras de [[Georg Joachim Göschen|Göschen]] pro su quarantesimo anniversario, Goethe planava viagiar de novo a Italia. In 1790 ille passava plure menses in [[Venetia]], ubi ille attendeva le matre-ducissa durante su retorno de un viage de duo annos in Italia. Ille la accompaniava de retorno a Weimar, con pausas in [[Padua]], [[Vicenza]], [[Verona]] e [[Mantua]].<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, pp. 758 s., 768 s.</ref> Tamen, le exaltation del prime viage in Italia non retornava. Le producto de iste secunde viage involuntari a Italia es le ''[[Venezianische Epigramme|Epigrammas venetian]]'', un collection de poemas satiric sur le conditiones europee e de descriptiones de su proprie experientias e sentimentos, que „superava le limite aesthetic-moral de tolerantia del epocha“.<ref>[[https://www.kulturraum.nrw/buch/goethes-venezianische-epigramme.html] Le Epigrammas venetian de Goethe „Unglückselige Frösche, die ihr Venedig bewohnet!“, exemplo: „Knaben liebt ich wohl auch, doch lieber sind mir die Mädchen, Hab ich als Mädchen sie satt, dient sie als Knabe mir noch.“, hic sub: 100g]; consultate le 28 de martio 2024.</ref><ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Aktualisierte Neuausgabe. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 188.</ref> In le quatro epigramma, ille se senti „defraudate“ per le hospitatores e deplora le absentia del „honestate german“, lamentante: „Belle es le pais; ma ah! Faustinas io non trova plus.“ In vice, ille desiderava Christiane, su „amate“, que ille habeva lassate retro.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, pp. 756–766.</ref> In le centesime (100 g), ille scribeva „Io amava ben etiam le pueros, ma prefere le puellas; quando io ha satietate de illa como puella, illa me servi ancora como puero.“<ref>[[https://www.kulturraum.nrw/buch/goethes-venezianische-epigramme.html] Le Epigrammas venetian de Goethe „Unglückselige Frösche, die ihr Venedig bewohnet!“]; consultate le 28 de martio 2024.</ref>
In 1789 le systema europee de domination e statos esseva tremefacte e remise in question per le [[Revolution francese]]. Le major parte del contemporaneos intellectual de Goethe (per exemplo Wieland, Herder, [[Friedrich Hölderlin|Hölderlin]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[Georg Forster]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]) se enthousiasmava pro le ideales de libertate e fraternitate que proveniva de illo, per exemplo per le proclamation del [[Menschenrechte|derectos human]].<ref>Vide [[Goethezeit#Französische Revolution|Epocha de Goethe#Revolution francese]]</ref> [[Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock|Klopstock]] celebrava in su ode ''Kennet euch selbst'' le revolution como „le acto le plus nobile del seculo“. Goethe esseva desde le initio opposate al revolution; pro ille illo esseva „le plus terribile de tote le eventos“ e poneva etiam su existentia a Weimar como „[[Fürstendiener|servitor de principe]]“ in question.<ref>[[Hans-Jürgen Schings]]: ''Kein Revolutionsfreund. Die Französische Revolution im Blickfeld Goethes.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 126, 2009, pp. 52 s., 56; pro le citation de Goethe: Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Bedeutende Fördernis durch ein einziges geistreiches Wort.'' In: ''Theoretische Schriften.'' [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Theoretische+Schriften/Bedeutende+F%C3%B6rdernis+durch+ein+einziges+geistreiches+Wort zeno.org] (consultate le 22 de martio 2015).</ref> Ille esseva un supporter de reformas gradual in le senso del [[Aufklärung|Illumination]] e se sentiva specialmente repellite per le excessos de violentia consequente al revolution; del altere latere, ille videva lor causa in le conditiones social del [[Ancien Régime|Ancien Regime]]. Retrospectivemente, ille diceva plus tarde durante un conversation con Eckermann „que le insurrectiones revolutionari del classes inferior es un consequentia del injustitias del grandes“. Simultanee ille se defendava contra le accusation que, proque ille odiava revolutiones, ille esseva „un amico del existente“: „Isto es […] un titulo mult ambigue, que io vole evitar. Si le existente esseva toto excellente, bon e juste, io haberea nihil contra illo. Ma proque, juxta mult bon, existe etiam mult mal, injuste e imperfecte, esser un amico del existente significa sovente non mult minus que un amico del obsolete e del mal.“<ref>[[Johann Peter Eckermann]]: ''Gespräche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens. Gespräch vom 4. Januar 1824'' {{projekt-gutenberg.org |a=johann-peter-eckermann |w=johann-peter-eckermann-gespraeche-mit-goethe |n=999 |x=Gespräche mit Goethe |Wex=eckerman/gesprche/gsp3034 |Tex=Gespräche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens. Gespräch vom 4. Januar 1824 |Aex=[[Johann Peter Eckermann]]}}{{PGDW/Migration}} Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1981.</ref>
In 1792 Goethe accompaniava le duce, a su desiro, in le [[Erster Koalitionskrieg|prime guerra de coalition]] contra le Francia revolutionari. Durante tres menses ille observava le miseria e le actos de violentia de iste guerra, que terminava con un victoria francese. Ille poneva su experientias in le obra autobiographic ''[[Campagne in Frankreich|Campania in Francia]]''. Post un breve estancia in Weimar, ille retornava con le duce al fronte. In le estate de 1793 ille le accompaniava pro participar al [[Belagerung von Mainz (1793)|assedio de Mainz]]. Mainz, occupate per le franceses e governate per [[Jakobiner|Jacobinos]] german, esseva reconquerite per le tropas de coalition prussian e austriac post tres menses de assedio e bombardamento.
In 1796 le ducato se affiliava al [[Pace separate de Basilea]] inter Prussia e Francia. Le decenio de pace que sequeva permitteva, in le medio de un Europa tremefacte per le guerra, le florimento del [[Weimarer Klassik|Classicismo de Weimar]].
==== Tractamento poetic del Revolution ====
In retrospectiva, Goethe notava que le Revolution Francese, como «le plus terribile de tote le evenimentos», le habe costate multe annos de effortio sin limites «pro dominar artisticamente iste evento in su causas e consequentias».<ref>Citate secundo Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 368.</ref> Secundo Rüdiger Safranski, Goethe viveva le Revolution como un evento elemental, simile a un eruption vulcanic del social e del politic; e non es un caso que, durante le menses post le Revolution, ille se occupava del phenomeno natural del [[vulcanismo]].<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 369.</ref>
Sub le impression del Revolution nasceva un serie de comedias satiric, anti-revolutionari ma etiam anti-absolutistic: ''[[Le Grande-Cophta]]'' (1791), ''[[Le general del citatinos]]'' (1793) e le fragmento ''[[Le agitate]]'' (1793). Le obra in un acto ''Le general del citatinos'' esseva le prime obra de Goethe que tractava le consequentias del Revolution. Ben que illo esseva un de su obras le plus succedite — al scena de Weimar illo esseva representate plus frequentemente que ''Iphigenie'' e ''Tasso'' — Goethe plus tarde non voleva plus recognoscer isto. Ille non lo includeva non plus in le edition in septe volumentos de su ''Nove scriptos'', publicate irregularmente inter 1792 e 1800 per le editor berlinese [[Johann Friedrich Unger (editor)|Johann Friedrich Unger]].<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 377.</ref> Etiam le [[Reineke Fuchs (Goethe)|Reineke Fuchs]], le epopeia animal in [[hexametros]] scribite in 1792/93, proveniente del fin del Medio Evo e reflectente le crudelitates, falseitate e malitia del humanos in le regno animal, face referentia al experientias de Goethe de ille annos.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 380 sqq.</ref> Ancora durante le campo militar ante Mainz in 1793, ille perfectionava poco a poco le epopeia.<ref>Erich Trunz: ''Kommentarteil'' a ''Goethes Werke''. Edition hamburgese, tomo II: ''Gedichte und Epen II.'' C. H. Beck, München 1981, p. 719.</ref>
Le eventos revolutionari de iste epocha formava etiam le fundo del ''[[Conversationes de emigrantes german]]'', scribite per Goethe in 1795, e del epopeia in versos ''[[Hermann e Dorothea]]'' (1797). Le ''Conversationes'' es un collection de novellas in le qual le Revolution es tractate solmente in le narration-cornice. Pro oblidar le disputas politic del die, refugiatos nobiles, fugite ante le tropas revolutionari francese de lor possessiones al sinistra del Rheno verso le regiones al dextra del Rheno, se narra historias in le tradition del [[novellistica]] romanic ([[Giovanni Boccaccio]]).<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 248 sqq.</ref> Iste poesia narrative inaugurava le prime volumine del revista de Schiller ''Le Horas''. ''Hermann e Dorothea'' se occupava directemente del consequentias del Revolution; in iste epopeia Goethe vestiva le description del destino del germanos al sinistra del Rheno in le forma del classic [[hexametro]]. Le obra attingeva, insimul con ''Le campana'' de Schiller, un «popularitate sin exemplo».<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 273.</ref>
==== Director del Teatro de Weimar (1776–1817) ====
In 1776 Goethe recipeva le direction del teatro de amatores del corte de Weimar, in un epocha in le qual le cortes prefereva le drama francese e le opera italian.<ref>Lesley Sharpe: ''Goethe and the Weimar theatre.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (ed.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 116.</ref> Como actores al Teatro de Weimar serviva amateurs del nobilitate e del burguesia, membros del corte, inter illes le duca Carl August e Goethe. Le locos del representation cambiava. Le cantatrice e actrice [[Corona Schröter]], ingagiate pro Weimar per suggestion de Goethe e veniente de Leipzig, esseva initialmente le sol actrice professional. Illa deveniva le prime interprete de [[Iphigenia]] in le prime representation, in 1779, del version in prosa de ''[[Iphigenia in Tauris]]'' de Goethe, in le qual Goethe interpretava [[Orestes|Orest]] e Carl August [[Pylades]]. In 1779 esseva contractate pro le prime vice, sub le direction de Goethe, un compania de actores.
Post que le duca Carl August habe decidite in 1791 le fundation del [[Teatro del Corte de Weimar]], Goethe assumeva su direction. Le teatro del corte esseva inaugurate le 7 de maio 1791 con le drama ''Le chassatores'' de [[August Wilhelm Iffland|Iffland]]. Le desir de Goethe de ligar al Teatro de Weimar le talentose actor e dramaturgo Iffland falleva, proque ille prefereva le plus attractive posto de director del [[Teatro National]] de Berlin.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Tomo II: ''1790–1803''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 444.</ref> Durante su 26 annos de direction, Goethe transformava le Teatro del Corte de Weimar in un del scenas german le plus importante, ubi esseva presentate pro le prime vice non solmente multe de su proprie dramas, ma etiam le dramas posterior de Schiller, como le ''[[Trilogia de Wallenstein|trilogia de Wallenstein]]'', ''[[Maria Stuart (drama)|Maria Stuart]]'', ''[[Le sposa de Messina]]'' e ''[[Guillermo Tell]]''. Schiller adaptava etiam le ''[[Egmont (Goethe)|Egmont]]'' de Goethe pro le scena de Weimar.<ref>Lesley Sharpe: ''Goethe and the Weimar theatre.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (ed.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 121.</ref>
Le duca habeva lassate Goethe plen libertate in su direction del teatro, que ille exerceva tamen con un maniera de tractar le actores e actrices bastante patriarchal. Quando le actrice e cantatrice [[Karoline Jagemann]], ingagiate in 1797, completemente formate e consciente de su proprie valor, se opponeva al stilo autoritari de direction de Goethe, ille se retirava del teatro in 1817. Un ration esseva que iste artista non solmente esseva le incontestate [[primadonna]] que faceva brillar le scena de Weimar, ma etiam le [[amante official]] del duca, de qui illa recipeva appoio in le conflicto con Goethe.<ref>Lesley Sharpe: ''Goethe and the Weimar theatre.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (ed.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 126 sqq. – Secundo Sharpe, le ultime impulso («the last straw») pro le [[demission]] de Goethe esseva un melodrama con un can, imponite per Karoline Jagemann, con un caniche in le rolo principal. Il se tractava de un melodrama, traducite al germano sub le titulo ''[[Le can del Aubry]]'', de [[René Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt]]. Goethe protestava contra su representation con le can Dragon e menaciava de demitter se; le Granduca acceptava promptemente su demission.</ref>
==== In le pacto con Schiller (1789–1805) ====
[[File:Schiller, Friedrich (Weitsch).jpg|thumb|upright|''Friedrich von Schiller'', designo de [[Friedrich Georg Weitsch]], 1804]]
Ante que Goethe incontrava Schiller personalmente pro le prime vice in le autumno de 1788 in le thuringian [[Rudolstadt]], le duo non esseva estranios un al altere.<ref>Vide [[Norbert Oellers]]: Einige Bemerkungen zur Vorgeschichte der Freundschaft zwischen Schiller und Goethe. In: [[Monatshefte]] 97 (2005), fasciculo 3, pp. 430–438. Le numero tematic de autumno habeva le titulo «Begegnungen mit Schiller» o «Encounters with Schiller».</ref> Illes cognosceva le obras juvene del altere. Jam como studiante del [[Hohe Karlsschule|Karlsschule]], Schiller habeva legite con entusiasmo le ''Götz'' e ''Werther'' de Goethe e habeva vidite le autor que ille admirava durante le ceremonia de fin de su promotion in 1780, presente insimul con le duce de Weimar al latere de [[Karl Eugen (Württemberg)|Karl Eugen]].<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Friedrich Schiller oder Die Erfindung des Deutschen Idealismus.'' Hanser, München, ISBN 3-446-20548-9, p. 103.</ref> Goethe, qui rejectava le ''Räuber'' de Schiller pro lor violentia, habeva post su retorno de Italia constatate con surprisa le crescente fama de Schiller e, plus tarde, habeva apprendite a apreciar etiam le [[Gedankenlyrik|lyrica reflexive]] de Schiller e su obras historic.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 389.</ref> Le judicios e sentimentos de Schiller verso Goethe esseva al initio cambiante rapidemente e habeva le tendentia a esser immediatemente revocate. Plure vices ille appellava Goethe un «egoista frigide de sentimento».<ref>Gesa von Essen: ''„eine Annäherung, die nicht erfolgte“? Die schwierigen Anfänge eines Dichterbundes.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 123, 2005, pp. 43–61, hic: pp. 53 f. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210728230838/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835321953.pdf version PDF]).</ref> Safranski parla de un «odio-amor» e cita ex un littera de Schiller a [[Christian Gottfried Körner|Körner]]: «Il me es […] odiose, ben que io ama su spirito con tote mi corde».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''„daß es, dem Vortrefflichen gegenüber keine Freyheit gibt als die Liebe“. Über die Freundschaft zwischen Schiller und Goethe.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 123, 2005, pp. 25–35, hic: p. 27 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210728230838/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835321953.pdf version PDF]).</ref> Pro liberar se del [[Ressentiment|ressentimento]] e del rivalitate, Schiller trovava plus tarde le «formula miraculose» (Rüdiger Safranski): «que contra le excellente il non existe libertate altere que le amor» (littera a Goethe del 2 de julio 1796).
Le prime incontro personal in Rudolstadt, arrangiate per [[Charlotte von Schiller|Charlotte von Lengefeld]], le posterior sposa de Schiller, esseva relativemente sin emotion. In un reporto a Körner, Schiller dubitava «si nos unquam devenira multo proxime un al altere».<ref>Gesa von Essen: ''„eine Annäherung, die nicht erfolgte“? Die schwierigen Anfänge eines Dichterbundes.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 123, 2005, pp. 43–61, hic: pp. 50 f. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20210728230838/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835321953.pdf version PDF]).</ref> Post iste «incontro fallite», Goethe habeva promovite le nomination de Schiller a un professorato in Jena, que iste al initio occupava sin salario.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 388; [[Heinrich Düntzer]]: ''Zu Goethe’s Bericht über seine Anknüpfung mit Schiller.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 2, 1881, pp. 168–189 [https://archive.org/stream/goethejahrbuch39germgoog#page/n187/mode/2up (version digital)].</ref>
Desde 1789, vivente como professor de historia in le proxime Jena, Schiller demandava a Goethe in junio 1794 de entrar in le circulo editorial de un revista de cultura e arte que ille planava, ''[[Le Hores (Schiller)|Le Hores]]''.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 389. [https://www.friedrich-schiller-archiv.de/briefwechsel-von-schiller-und-goethe/1794/1-an-goethe-13-juni-1794/ Vide etiam: littera de Schiller a Goethe del 13 de junio 1794.]</ref> Post le assenso de Goethe, le duo se incontrava in julio del mesme anno in Jena, lo que pro Goethe esseva «un evento felice» e le initio de su amicitia con Schiller. In septembre 1794 ille invitava Schiller a un visita plus longe in Weimar, que se prolongava durante duo septimanas e serviva a un intense intercambio de ideas inter illes.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 396.</ref> A iste incontro sequeva frequente visitas reciproc. A causa de Schiller, Goethe remaneva sovente plure septimanas in Jena.<ref>Andrea Wulf: ''Fabelhafte Rebellen. Die frühen Romantiker und die Erfindung des Ich.'' Bertelsmann, München 2022, p. 61.</ref> Ille habitava alora in le largemente inoccupate [[Stadtschloss Jena|palatio municipal de Jena]], le anterior sede del governatores del ducato, ubi ille habeva su proprie cameras.<ref>Andrea Wulf: ''Fabelhafte Rebellen. Die frühen Romantiker und die Erfindung des Ich.'' Bertelsmann, München 2022, p. 45.</ref>
Le duo poetas concordava in le rejection del Revolution tanto como in le orientation verso le Antiquitate como supreme ideal artistic; isto esseva le initio de un intense collaboration, ex le qual tote cosa plus personal esseva excludite, ma que esseva characterisate per un profunde comprension del natura e del maniera de laborar del altere.
In le discussion commun de questiones aesthetic fundamental, le duo elaborava un conception del litteratura e del arte que devenirea le designation de un epocha in le historia litterari: le «Classicismo de Weimar». Goethe, cuje creation litterari, como celle de Schiller, habeva antea stagnate, accentuava le effect stimulante de lor collaboration con le dece annos plus juvene: «Vos me ha date un secunde juventute e me ha facite de novo poeta, lo que io habeva quasi cessate de esser».<ref>''Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Goethe – Zweiter Band. Goethe an Schiller, 6. Januar 1798'' {{projekt-gutenberg.org |a=johann-wolfgang-von-goethe |w=briefwechsel-zwischen-schiller-und-goethe-zweiter-band |n=999 |x=Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Goethe. 2. Band |Wex=goethe/brschil2/chap001 |Tex=Briefwechsel zwischen Schiller und Goethe – Zweiter Band. Goethe an Schiller, 6. Januar 1798}}{{PGDW/Migration}}</ref>
In le prime anno de ''Le Hores'' appareva pro le prime vice le ''Elegias roman'' sub le titulo ''Elegias'' e sin indication del autor.<ref>Erich Trunz: ''Kommentarteil'' zu Goethe: ''Gedichte''. Jubiläumsausgabe hrsg. und kommentiert von Erich Trunz. C. H. Beck, München 2007, p. 584.</ref> Isto indignava evidentemente «tote le feminas honorabile» de Weimar. Herder dava al publication le suggestion ironic que ''Le Hores'' deberea ora scriber se con un «u».<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band II: ''1790–1803''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 339.</ref> In ''Le Hores'', Schiller publicava in 1795/96 in tres partes su [[tractato]] ''[[Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung|De poesia naive e sentimental]]'', un typologia poetic que contribueva essentialmente al autocomprension de ambe: Goethe como poeta «naive», Schiller como poeta «sentimental».<ref>T. J. Reed: ''Weimar Classicism: Goethe’s Alliance with Schiller.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 103.</ref>
Ambe poetas participava vivemente, tanto in maniera theoric como practic, al obras del altere. Assi Goethe influentiava le ''[[Wallenstein (Schiller)|Wallenstein]]'' de Schiller, durante que iste accompagnava criticamente le labor de Goethe super le roman ''[[Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre|Le annos de apprendimento de Wilhelm Meister]]'' e le incoragiava a continuar le ''Faust''. Goethe habeva demandate a Schiller de adjutar le a completar le roman ''Wilhelm Meister'', e Schiller non le falleva. Ille commentava le manuscritos que le esseva inviate e esseva multo surprendite que Goethe ipse non sapeva exactemente como le roman deberea terminar. A Goethe ille scribeva que ille considerava «inter le plus belle felicitate de mi existentia» haber vivite a vider le completion de iste obra.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, pp. 405–407.</ref> Secundo Nicholas Boyle, le correspondentia super ''Wilhelm Meister'' in 1795/96 esseva le culmin del relation intellectual inter Goethe e Schiller.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit.'' Band II: ''1790–1803''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 502.</ref>
Illes realisava etiam projectos commun de publication. Ben que Schiller participava scarcely al revista artistic de breve duration de Goethe, ''[[Propyläen (Zeitschrift)|Propyläen]]'', iste tamen publicava numerose obras in ''Le Hores'' e in le ''[[Musen-Almanach|Almanac del Musas]]'', que esseva etiam editate per Schiller. Le ''Musen-Almanach für das Jahr 1797'' contineva un collection de versos satiric scribite communmente, le ''[[Xenien]]''.<ref>''[[s:Musen-Almanach für das Jahr 1797|Almanac de le Musas pro le anno 1797]].'' Wikisource.</ref> In le ''Musen-Almanach'' del anno sequente<ref>''[[s:Musen-Almanach für das Jahr 1798|Almanac de le Musas pro le anno 1798]].'' Wikisource.</ref> appareva le plus famose balladas de ambe autores, como le ''[[Apprendice del mago]]'', ''[[Le cercator de tresores (Goethe)|Le cercator de tresores]]'', ''[[Die Braut von Korinth|Le sposa de Corintho]]'', ''[[Le deo e le bajadera]]'' de Goethe, e le ''[[Plongeator]]'', ''[[Le gru de Ibyco]]'', ''[[Le anello de Polycrates]]'', ''[[Le guanto]]'' e ''[[Le cavaliero Toggenburg]]'' de Schiller.
In decembre 1799, Schiller se moveva con su familia de quatro personas a Weimar, inicialmente a un appartamento in alquiler que antea habeva essite occupate per [[Charlotte von Kalb]]; in 1802 ille acquireva un [[Schillerhaus Weimar|proprie casa sur le Esplanade]]. In Weimar se formava factiones que provocava comparationes inter le duo «Dioscuros». Assi le successful autor de teatro [[August von Kotzebue]], qui se habeva installate in Weimar, tentava, con un celebration pompose in honor de Schiller, crear un discordia inter le duo. Malgrado alcun irritationes temporari inter illes, lor amicitia remaneva intacte usque al morte de Schiller.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, pp. 455 f.</ref>
Le noticia del morte de Schiller le 9 de maio 1805 precipitava Goethe in un stato de stupor. Ille non assistiva al funere. A su amico, le musicista [[Carl Friedrich Zelter]], ille scribeva que ille habeva perdite un amico e con ille «le medietate de mi existentia».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, pp. 458 f., 465.</ref> Le morte de Schiller marcava, secundo Rüdiger Safranski, un ruptura in le vita de Goethe, un «addio a ille etate dorate, quando durante un breve tempore le arte non esseva solmente un del cosas le plus belle, ma etiam un del cosas le plus importante del vita».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 463.</ref> Secundo [[Dieter Borchmeyer]], con illo terminava le periodo formative del [[Weimarer Klassik|Classicismo de Weimar]].<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Aktualisierte Neuausgabe. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 461.</ref>
=== Le tarde Goethe (1805–1832) ===
[[File:Weimar Dom Goethego.jpg|thumb|[[Goethes Wohnhaus|Casa de habitation de Goethe]] in Weimar]]
Le morte de Schiller in 1805 Goethe sentiva como un perdita incisive. Circa iste tempore ille pativa etiam de varie morbos ([[Herpes Zoster|erisipela facial]] o [[erysipel|erisipela]] in 1801,<ref>Werner Neuhauser: {{Webarchiv |url=https://www.zm-online.de/archiv/2006/19/titel/die-leiden-des-alten-goethe/ |text=''Le poeta inter imagine ideal e realitate. Le afflictiones del vetule Goethe.'' |wayback=20200920150838}} In: ''[[Communicationes odontologic]]|zm online.'' 19, 2006.</ref> colicas renal, attaccos cardiac).<ref>Le medico qui curava Goethe a ille tempore esseva le precursor del [[medicina romantic]] e pionero del moderne psychiatria [[Johann Christian Reil]].</ref> Le situation politic con le [[Quarte Guerra del Coalition|guerra que se annunciava]] con [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] etiam le inquietava. In su imagination Goethe se videva ja, con su duca, vagante per Germania mendicante e cercante [[asilo]]. Su ultime decennios esseva nonobstante marcate per un grande productivitate e forte experientias amorose. Como secretario, [[Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer|Friedrich Riemer]] (desde 1805 educator de su filio) deveniva tosto indispensabile.
==== Opera tardive e theoria del colores ====
[[File:Goethe’s life mask, 1807.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Lebendmaske|Mascara vivente]] de Goethe, fundite per [[Carl Gottlieb Weisser]] in 1807, exponite in [[Thorvaldsens Museum]]]]
Como effecto immediate del morte de Schiller, Safranski considera le facto que Goethe reprendeva le labor sur ''Faust''; a isto se addeva le pression externe del editor Cotta. Le nove edition complete in octave volumines de 1808 deberea continer le prime version complete del ''[[Faust. Eine Tragödie|prime parte de Faust]]''.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Der poeta in su tempore. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 468.</ref>
Le matrimonio con Christiane non impediva Goethe de monstrar ja in 1807 un inclination [[Amor (mythologia)|amorose]] verso [[Wilhelmine Herzlieb|Minna Herzlieb]], le adoptata de dece-octo annos del librero [[Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann|Frommann]] in Jena. Safranski parla de un «parve infatuation», que Goethe explicava como un «substitution» pro le «perdita de Schiller dolorosemente sentite».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 467 f.</ref> Un echo del experientias interior de iste periodo se trova in su ultime romance, ''[[Die Wahlverwandtschaften]]'' (1809). Characteristic pro Goethe es le maniera in que ille liga in iste obra poesia e studio del natura. In le chimica contemporanee on usava le termino del «[[Affinität (Chemie)|affinitate]]» del elementos, que Goethe adoptava pro tractar le «naturalitate de fortias de attraction que le ration non pote dominar definitivemente» inter duo pares.<ref>Articulate ''Le affinitates elective.'' In: Frank Rainer Max, Christine Ruhrberg (ed.): ''Lexico del romances de Reclam.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-15-010474-2, p. 341.</ref>
In 1810 Goethe publicava le ''[[Theoria del colores (Goethe)|Theoria del colores]]'', ricemente ornate, in duo volumines e un volumine con tabulas illustrate. Ille habeva laborate sur illo desde quasi vinti annos. Secundo Safranski, le studios del colores que ille repetitemente repriseva (in forma de experimentos, observationes, reflexiones e studios litterari) serviva a Goethe pro fugir del turbulencias externe e del inquietude interne; assi, durante le expedition in Francia e le assedio de Mainz, ille notava su observationes pertinente.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 488.</ref> Le reaction al publication esseva debile e plenava Goethe de discontentamento. Amicos testificava respecto, ma le mundo scientific prendeva a pena cognoscentia de illo. Le mundo litterari lo considerava un digression superflue in un epocha de violente convulsiones politic.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 497 f.</ref>
In januario 1811 Goethe initiava le redaction de un grande autobiographia, que plus tarde recipeva le titulo ''[[Aus meinem Leben. Dichtung und Wahrheit]]''. [[Bettina von Arnim|Bettina Brentano]] le adjutava, possedente notas sur le narrationes de su matre concernente le infantia e juventute de Goethe. Bettina visitava Goethe in Weimar in 1811. Post un disputa inter illa e Christiane, Goethe rumpeva con illa.<ref>Goethe non poteva pardonar le facto que illa habeva appellate Christiane «grossa sanguinosa» (''dicke Blutwurst''). Vide Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 585.</ref> Le prime tres partes del autobiographia pareva inter 1811 e 1814. Le quarte parte pareva solmente post su morte, in 1833. Le conception original esseva un historia formative del poeta, stilisate como un metamorphose, con emphase sur le «naturalitate del habilitates e dispositiones aesthetic e poetic». Un crise durante le labor sur le tertie parte le faceva considerar iste conception como inadapte. Ille substitueva lo per le demonico, como «cifra […] del contexto natural e historic devenite omnipotente».<ref>Articulate ''De mi vita. Poesia e veritate.'' In: Frank Rainer Max, Christine Ruhrberg (ed.): ''Lexico del romances de Reclam.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, p. 343.</ref>
Circa 1828 Goethe scribeva como fragmento ''[[Der Zauberflöte zweyter Theil]]'', que [[Karl Goepfart]], un discipulo de [[Franz Liszt]], faceva representar como le opera ''[[Sarastro (Oper)|Sarastro]]'' pro le centesime anniversario del morte de [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]].<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10128320?page=196,197 |titel=Le obras de Goethe |abruf=2024-07-24}}</ref> Le libretto esseva textualemente adaptate e extendite per le poeta de textos [[Gottfried Stommel]]. Le passages que esseva prendite del original o modificate per Stommel es indicate sur le sito del editor.<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://sarastro.doctorsdome.events/goethe |titel=Goethe – Sarastro |datum=2024-07-24 |sprache=de |abruf=2024-07-24}}</ref>
==== Rencontre con Napoleon e Beethoven ====
[[File:Ehrenlegion Dekret 1808.jpg|thumb|Decreto de Napoleon del 12 de octobre 1808 concernente le nomination de Goethe, [[Christoph Martin Wieland|Wieland]], le medico de Goethe [[Johann Christian Stark der Ältere|Stark]] e le jurista [[Georg Wilhelm Vogel|Vogel]] como cavalleros del [[Legion de Honor]].]]
[[File:Goethe, Kügelgen, 1810.jpg|thumb|upright|''Johann Wolfgang von Goethe'', pintura al oleo de [[Gerhard von Kügelgen]], 1810. Le pintura representativ monstra le poeta con le banda de humero del francese [[Ehrenlegion|Legion de Honor]] e le stella del russe [[Russischer Orden der Heiligen Anna|Ordine de Sancta Anna]], classe 1]]
[[File:Louise Seidler - J. W. Goethe 1811.jpg|thumb|upright|Goethe in 1811 (disegno a pastel per [[Louise Seidler]].]]
[[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] exerceva sur Goethe un fascination personal usque al fin de su vita.<ref>[[Gustav Seibt]]: ''Goethe e Napoleon. Un incontro historic.'' C. H. Beck, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57748-2, p. 223.</ref> Pro ille Napoleon esseva «un del homines plus productive […], qui ha vivite unquam». «Su vita esseva le camminar de un semideo de battalia a battalia e de victoria a victoria.»<ref>[[Johann Peter Eckermann]]: ''Conversationes con Goethe in le ultime annos de su vita. Conversation del 11 de martio 1828'' {{projekt-gutenberg.org |a=johann-peter-eckermann |w=johann-peter-eckermann-gespraeche-mit-goethe |n=999 |x=Conversationes con Goethe |Wex=eckerman/gesprche/gsp3069 |Tex=Conversationes con Goethe in le ultime annos de su vita. Conversation del 11 de martio 1828 |Aex=[[Johann Peter Eckermann]]}}{{PGDW/Migration}} Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1981.</ref> In 1808 Goethe incontrava Napoleon duo vices. Le prime vice le imperator recipeva ille le 2 de octobre al [[Congresso de principes de Erfurt]] pro un audientia private, durante le qual Napoleon le parlava con appreciation de su ''Werther''. [[Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord|Talleyrand]], [[Anne-Jean-Marie-René Savary, duc de Rovigo|Savary]] e [[Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult, duc de Dalmatie|Soult]] esseva etiam presente e ille esseva presentate a illes.<ref>[[Franz Herre]]: ''Napoleon Bonaparte, precursor del seculo.'' C. Bertelsmann Verlag, München 1988, p. 192 del traduction italian: ''Napoleone Bonaparte''. Bompiani, Milano 1991.</ref> Post que le imperator le habeva examinate attentemente, ille diceva: «Vous êtes un homme» (in germano: «Vos es un homine»).<ref name="Theo#" /> Le secunde incontro (insimul con Wieland) occurreva in Weimar durante un bal del corte le 6 de octobre. Le 14 de octobre ille e Wieland esseva nominate [[cavalleros del Legion de Honor]]. Le tsar [[Alexandro I de Russia]], qui esseva presente al Congresso de principes, confereva a ambe le [[Ordine de Sancta Anna]].<ref>''Augsburgische Ordinari Postzeitung'', n° 266, sabbato, le 5 de novembre 1808, p. 3, como [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-sustba000042-7 reproduction digital].</ref> Al disgusto de su contemporaneos e anque del duca Carl August, Goethe portava con orgolio le croce del Legion, mesmo durante le [[guerras de liberation german]]. In 1813 ille diceva in un conversation: «Tremulate solmente vostre catenas; le homine es troppo grande pro vos, vos non los rumperea.»<ref>Frank Deibel, [[Friedrich Gundelfinger]]: ''Goethe in conversation.'' Salzwasser, Paderborn 2012 [reproduction de 1906], p. 168.</ref> Immediatemente post le annuncio del morte de Napoleon le 5 de maio 1821 in [[St. Helena|San Helena]], le poeta italian [[Alessandro Manzoni]] scribeva le ode ''Il Cinque Maggio'' ''(Le cinque de maio)'' con 18 strofas de sex versos. Quando Goethe recipeva le ode, ille esseva tanto impressionate que ille immediatemente comenciava a traducer lo, conservante su tono alte e solemne.<ref>Gustav Seibt: ''Goethe e Napoleon. Un incontro historic.'' C. H. Beck, München 2008, p. 228–231. – [http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Gedichte/Gedichte+(Ausgabe+letzter+Hand.+1827)/Aus+fremden+Sprachen/Der+f%C3%BCnfte+Mai ''Le cinque de maio'', traduction interlinear de Goethe del ode de Napoleon de Manzoni]</ref>
Con Beethoven Goethe se incontrava in julio 1812 in le [[Teplice|station termal de Teplitz]] in Bohemia. A ille tempore Beethoven habeva ja ponite in musica varie versos e cantiones de Goethe e, sur commission del [[Burgtheater|Teatro de corte de Vienna]], habeva componite in 1809/10 le [[Ouvertüre|ouverture]] del tragedia ''Egmont''. Illa es considerate un [[homage]] al figura dramatic de Goethe como incarnation del homine heroic. Beethoven habeva inviate le partition a Goethe con grande expression de respecto. In Teplitz illes se incontrava plure vices, e Beethoven etiam sonava pro ille sur le piano. Le 19 de julio Goethe e Beethoven incontrava casualmente durante un promenada le corte austriac in presentia del imperatrice [[Maria Ludovika Beatrix von Österreich-Este|Maria Ludovika]]. Contra Beethoven, qui apparentemente continuava su cammino sin salutar, Goethe se inclinava galantemente ante le imperatrice, un facto que esseva inter alteres fixate in un representation per le pictor de eventos historic [[Carl Röhling]] e, sur commission del industrial [[Georg Schicht (Unternehmer, 1884)|Georg Schicht]], in un pintura.<ref>Martin Krsek: [https://www.goethe.de/ins/cz/de/kul/mag/21798541.html ''Le portrait perdite de un incontro oblidate''.] Instituto Goethe de Tschechia, martio 2020.</ref> Le evento esseva evalutate differentemente per le duo participantes. Le vespere del 19 de julio Goethe scribeva a su sposa: «Plus concentrate, energic e intime que isto, io non ha ancora vidite un artista.»<ref>[[Alfred Brendel]]: ''Goethe, musica e ironia.'' In: ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' del 20 de novembre 2020, p. 12.</ref> A Zelter ille scribeva: «Su talento me ha stupefacite; ma, regrettabilemente, ille es un personalitate completemente indomabile, que certemente non ha toto torto quando ille trova le mundo detestabile, ma per isto naturalmente ille lo rende ni plus agradabile pro se ni pro alteres.» Non minus critic esseva Beethoven post le incontro in un conversation con su editor [[Gottfried Christoph Härtel|Härtel]]: «Göthe ama troppo le aere del corte – plus que il conveni a un poeta.»<ref>Martin Geck: ''Le incontro in Teplitz.'' In: ''Die Zeit.'' del 14 de julio 2012 [http://www.zeit.de/2012/28/Beethoven-Goethe ''Beethoven & Goethe: Le incontro in Teplitz'' – ''Die Zeit online.'']</ref> Inter le duo esseva cambiate ancora alcun litteras, ma le relation remaneva purmente cortes.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 590.</ref>
==== Amicitates con Zelter e Boisserée ====
Goethe cultivava durante su longe vita multe amicitates. Como le plus importante medio de communication del amicitia serviva le carta private. Durante le ultime decennios de su vita ille establiva duo amicitates particular, con [[Carl Friedrich Zelter]] e [[Sulpiz Boisserée]].
Le musico e compositor Carl Friedrich Zelter habeva in 1796 inviate a Goethe, per medio de su editrice, alcun compositiones musical basate super textos de ''Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahren''. Goethe le regratiava con le parolas que ille «a pena haberea credite que le musica poterea haber tal tonos cordial».<ref>Edith Zehm: ''Die „radicale Reproduction der poetischen Intentionen“: Goethe und Zelter.'' In: [[http://www.goethezeitportal.de/fileadmin/PDF/db/wiss/goethe/zehm_goethe_und_zelter.pdf Goethezeitportal], Blatt 1.</ref> Illes se incontrava pro le prime vice in februario 1802, ma ja in 1799 illes habeva initiate un contacto epistolar. Le extensive correspondentia, con quasi 900 cartas, durava usque al morte de Goethe.<ref>''Briefwechsel zwischen Goethe und Zelter in den Jahren 1796 bis 1832.'' Herausgegeben von Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer. 6 Bände. Duncker und Humblot, Berlin 1833–1834.</ref> In iste amicitia del etate avantiate, Goethe se sentiva perfecte comprendite per Zelter, cuje musica sonava a su aures plus agradabile que le «tumulto» de Ludwig van Beethoven, non solmente in questiones musical.
Lo que le amicitia con Zelter significava pro su comprension del musica, ille lo debeva a Sulpiz Boisserée pro su experientias con le artes visual. Le collector de arte de Heidelberg Boisserée, un discipulo de Friedrich Schlegel, habeva visitate Goethe pro le prime vice in Weimar in 1811. De isto nasceva un correspondentia durabile e un amicitia pro tote le vita, que durante le annos sequente le arricchiva con nove experientias artistic.<ref>Karl Otto Conrady: ''Goethe. Leben und Werk.'' Neuausgabe in einem Band. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, S. 852 ff., 889 f.</ref> Illes se reflecteva, post un viage al region del Rheno e del Main con un visita al collection de pinturas de Boisserée in Heidelberg, in le relation de viage ''Ueber Kunst und Altertum in den Rhein und Mayn Gegenden'' de 1816.<ref>Karl Otto Conrady: ''Goethe. Leben und Werk.'' Neuausgabe in einem Band. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, S. 852 ff., 889 f.</ref> Durante le viage, Goethe se trovava in 1814 in le medio del festa traditional de Sancte Rochus a Bingen, que le fascinava como olim le Carnaval Roman, e que ille describerea con affection como un festa popular.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens''. Hanser, München 2013, S. 588 f.</ref>
==== West-östlicher Divan ====
Ante le elevation patriotic contra le domination francese, Goethe manteneva le distantia. Il refugiva mentalmente in le Oriente, studiando le arabe e le persiano; ille legeva le [[Koran]] e recipeva con entusiasmo le versos del poeta persian [[Hafis]] in le nove traduction del ''Divan'' del 14e seculo, publicate per Cotta.<ref>In le poema introductori del ''West-östlicher Divan'' se lege: «Nord e West e Sud se disgrega, / tronos se rumpe, regnos tremula, / fuge tu al pur Oriente / pro gustar le aere patriarcal!» In su ''Tag- und Jahreshefte'', ille nota como particularitate de su maniera de ager: «Quando in le mundo politic appareva qualcosa de enorme e menaciante, io me lanceava obstinatemente verso le plus distante.» [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Autobiographisches/Tag-+und+Jahreshefte/1813 zeno.org] (consultate le 31 de martio 2015).</ref> Illes le transportava a un «alte altitude creative», que ille plus tarde describeva a Eckermann como «un pubertate repetite»: in breve tempore ille scribeva numerose poemas in le tono legier e ludicre de Hafis.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 546–548.</ref> [[Hendrik Birus]], editor del collection de poemas in le edition de Frankfurt, parla de un «productivitate eruptive».<ref>Hendrik Birus: ''Kommentar I. Überblickskommentare.'' In: Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''West-östlicher Divan.'' Teilband I. Insel, Berlin 2010, S. 728.</ref>
In le estate de 1814, Goethe viagiava al region del Rheno e del Main. In Wiesbaden ille incontrava le banquero frankfurtese e promotor del theatro [[Johann Jakob Willemer|Johann Jakob von Willemer]], que ille cognosceva ja desde su annos de juventute, e su filia adoptive [[Marianne von Willemer|Marianne Jung]]. Postea ille les visitava al [[Gerbermühle]] presso Frankfurt, ubi ille etiam allogiava durante un certe tempore. Le banquero, qui era viduo, habeva prendite Marianne con se quando illa era un puella e viveva con illa in [[Konkubinat|concubinato]]. Durante le presentia de Goethe, e possibilemente sur su consilio, le duo se maritava formalmente in haste. Goethe, qui habeva 65 annos, se innamorava de Marianne. Illa deveniva su musa e partner in le creation del ''[[West-östlicher Divan|West-östlichen Divan]]''. Inter le duo se developpava un «alternantia lyric» e un «joco literari de roles amorose», que illes continuava le anno sequente durante un nove visita de plure septimanas.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 549–552, 561. Citate de Safranski al pp. 552 e 561.</ref> Le poemas create durante le septimanas in Frankfurt esseva includite principalmente in le ''Buch Suleika''. In 1850, Marianne revelava a [[Herman Grimm]] que alcun del poemas amorose includite in iste collection habeva essite scribite per illa.<ref>Eintrag ''Grimm, Herman.'' In: [[Walther Killy]]: ''Literaturlexikon. Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache.'' Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag. Digitale Bibliothek, S. 6.656 (Band 4, S. 352). Band 4, Bertelsmann. Digitale Bibliothek, S. 6.656.</ref> [[Heinrich Heine]], in su obra ''[[Die romantische Schule]]'', elogiava le collection de poemas con le parolas: «Goethe ha portate hic le plus inebriante juisso de viver in versos, e illes es tanto legier, tanto felice, tanto tenuemente susurrate, tanto eteree, que on se demanda como tal cosa esseva possibile in le lingua german».<ref>[[Heinrich Heine]]: ''Sämtliche Werke. Band III'': ''Schriften zur Literatur und Politik I.'' Mit Anmerkungen von Uwe Scheikert. 2. Auflage. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1992, S. 301.</ref>
Durante su viage in 1815, Goethe videva pro le ultime vice su patria. Quando ille partiva in julio 1816 pro le cura medical planificate in Baden-Baden e voleva al mesme tempore facer un altere visita al Willemers, le carrozza se rumpeva post Weimar, e Goethe abandonava le viage. A partir de alora, ille renunciava a visitar Marianne e etiam cessava de scriber a illa durante un certe tempore. Ille lassava le ''West-östlichen Divan'' incomplite durante alcun tempore e solmente in 1818 le concludeva.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 563.</ref>
==== Morte de Christiane, elaboration del obras, scriptos super le natura ====
[[File:Weimarisches Wochenblatt, Februar 1816.jpg|thumb|«Le ministro de stato Goethe» recipe pro su «meritorie ben meritate al servicio del principe e del pais» le Grande Cruce del Ordine del Casa de Weimar. Frontispicio del ''Weimarisches Wochenblatt'' del 6 de februario 1816]]
Le sposa de Goethe, Christiane, moriva in junio 1816 post un longe maladia. Como in altere casos de morte e maladia in su proximitate, quando ille cercava distraher se per le labor o se occupava de su proprie maladia, ille se retirava etiam durante le agonia de Christiane. Ille non era presente ni al latere de su lecto de morte ni a su funerales.<ref>Sigrid Damm: ''Christiane und Goethe. Eine Recherche''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1998, S. 501–508.</ref> Goethe evitava consequentemente le vista de personas moribunde o morte que le esseva proxime.<ref>[[Navid Kermani]]: ''Gott-Atmen. Goethes Religion.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 130, 2013, S. 24.</ref> [[Johanna Schopenhauer]] reportava a un amica que il esseva su maniera «lassar cata dolor sfogar se completemente in silentio, e reprender se presentar a su amicos solmente quando ille habeva recuperate completemente su compostura».<ref>''Goethe erzählt sein Leben.'' Nach Selbstzeugnissen Goethes und Aufzeichnungen seiner Zeitgenossen zusammengestellt von Hans Egon Gerlach und Otto Herrmann. Fischer Bücherei, Frankfurt am Main 1956, S. 342.</ref> Post le morte de Christiane, le grande casa al Frauenplan deveniva plus solitari circum Goethe. Ni le visita de Charlotte Buff, vidua Kestner, a Weimar in septembre 1816 contribuiva a alleviar su stato de animo.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 583 f.</ref> Su filio se maritava in 1817 con [[Ottilie von Goethe|Ottilie von Pogwisch]], qui, como nora, se occupava de Goethe a partir de alora. In 1817 Goethe esseva relieve de su direction del theatro del corte. Le micre ducato habeva — contra le timores de Goethe — superate illese le tumultos del [[guerras napoleonian]]; Carl August poteva portar le titulo de «Alteza Regal», e le nove situationes apportava a Goethe, le 12 de decembre 1815, le titulo de ministro de stato.<ref name="Amtliche Tätigkeit 1958" />
Goethe poneva in ordine su scriptos e manuscritos. Le diarios e le notas que habeva jacite durante longe tempore serviva le pro elaborar de nove le ''[[Viage italian]]''. Durante certe periodos ille se immersava in le [[mythos]] grec antique e in le [[poesia orphic]]. Isto se reflecteva in cinque [[Stanze|stanzas]], publicate pro le prime vice in 1817 in le revista ''Zur Morphologie'', reunite sub le titulo ''Urworte. Orphisch''. Illos esseva ligate a su effortio de recognoscer le leges del vita sub le forma del Urpflanze e del Urphänomene. In 1821 sequeva le prime version in un sol volum de ''[[Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre]]'', que consisteva principalmente in un collection de novella, parte del quales habeva ja essite publicate anteriormente.<ref>[[Hans Jürgen Geerdts]]: ''Johann Wolfgang Goethe'' Reclam, Leipzig 1974.</ref>
Durante iste annos nasceva ''Geschichte meines botanischen Studiums'' (1817); usque a 1824 sequeva, in le serie ''Zur Naturwissenschaft überhaupt'', reflexiones inter altere cosas super morphologia, geologia e mineralogia. Ibi se trova etiam le presentation del ''Morphologie der Pflanzen'' in forma de un [[elegia]], que ille habeva ja scribite circa 1790 pro su amante. Durante iste periodo ille esseva etiam in contacto con le [[specialista in scientia forestal]] [[Heinrich Cotta]], que ille habeva visitate pro le prime vice in [[Tharandt]] in 1813. In 1818 Goethe deveniva membro del [[Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina|Leopoldina]], un del societates scientifico-natural le plus renominate.<ref>Goethe sur le sito web del Leopoldina [[http://www.leopoldina.org/de/ueber-uns/akademien-und-forschungsvorhaben/leopoldina-ausgabe-goethe-die-schriften-zur-naturwissenschaft/goethe-als-mitglied-der-leopoldina/ ''Goethe als Mitglied der Leopoldina.''] Consultate le 7 de decembre 2014.</ref>
In februario 1823 Goethe cadeva gravemente malade, probabilemente a causa de un [[Herzinfarkt|infarto cardiac]]. Post su convalescentia, a alcun observatores ille pareva ancora plus vivace intellectualmente que antea.
==== Elegia de Marienbad ====
[[File:Goethe, Elegie, Motto.jpg|thumb|Le [[Motto (literatura)|motto]] del ''Elegia de Marienbad'' in le copia definitive manuscripte de Goethe: „Und wenn der Mensch in seiner Quaal verstummt / Gab mir ein Gott zu sagen was ich leide.“]]
In le estate ille parti con grande expectation de revider [[Ulrike von Levetzow]]<ref>Peter Uhrbach: ''Goethes Fräulein in Böhmen.'' Sax-Verlag, Beucha 2009, ISBN 978-3-86729-050-0, S. 59–79.</ref> in [[Marienbad]]. Duo annos ante (1821) ille habeva cognoscite le puella, alora de dece-septe annos, con su matre durante un cura in Marienbad, e se habeva inamorate de illa. Le anno sequente illes se incontrava de novo in Marienbad e passava insimul horas de convivialitate. Al tertie incontro, Goethe, qui habeva alora septanta-quatro annos, peteva le mano del dece-novem-anne Ulrike. Ille habeva rogate su amico, le grande duca Carl August, de presentar le demanda de matrimonio. Ulrike refusava cortesemente.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 594–596.</ref> Jam in le coche que le reconduceva a Weimar via plure stationes (Karlsbad, Eger), ille scribeva le ''[[Marienbader Elegie|Elegia de Marienbad]]'', un capolavoro lyric e, secundo Stefan Zweig, «le plus importante, le plus intimamente personal e pro isto le plus amate poema de su senectute»; Zweig dedicava a su genese un capitulo de su miniaturas historic ''[[Sternstunden der Menschheit]]''.<ref>Stefan Zweig: ''Sternstunden der Menschheit. Zwölf historische Miniaturen''. S. Fischer, Frankfurt 1986, S. 127.</ref>
==== Le ultime annos ====
[[File:Goethe und Schreiber John@Weimar Anna Amalia Bibliothek.jpg|thumb|''Goethe dictante in su studio al scriba John''. Pictura a oleo de [[Johann Joseph Schmeller]], 1834]]
[[File:Ilmenau Goethehaeuschen.jpg|thumb|Le «casetta de Goethe» in Ilmenau]]
[[File:Goethe on deathbed.jpg|thumb|upright|Le Goethe morte, coronate de [[corona de laureles|laureles]], in le lecto mortuari le 26 de martio 1832, desenho a plumbo realistic de [[Friedrich Preller der Ältere|Friedrich Preller le Vetule]]]]
Postea su vita «apparteneva ancora solmente al labor».<ref>Stefan Zweig: ''Sternstunden der Menschheit. Zwölf historische Miniaturen''. S. Fischer, Frankfurt 1986, S. 135.</ref> Ille reprendeva le labor super le [[Faust. Der Tragödie zweiter Teil|secunde parte de ''Faust'']]. Ille quasi non scribeva plus ipse, sed dictava. Assi ille poteva non solmente mantener un vaste correspondentia, sed etiam confider su cognoscentias e su sapientias vital in conversationes amplissime al juvene poeta [[Johann Peter Eckermann]], qui le era devote.
Pro le collection, selection e ordination del resultatos litterari de tote su vita durante le preparation del edition Cotta de ultime mano, Goethe poteva contar super un equipa de collaboratores: ultra le scriba e copista [[Goethes Diener#Johann August Friedrich John (1814–1832)|Johann August Friedrich John]], illes esseva le jurista Johann Christian Schuchard, qui archiviava le documentos de Goethe e estabileva extensive registros; [[Heinrich Meyer (Maler)|Johann Heinrich Meyer]], responsabile del revision textual del scripta de Goethe super le historia del arte; e le educatore del principes [[Frédéric Soret]], qui se occupava del publication del scripta scientifico-natural. Anque le bibliothecario e scriptor [[Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer]], post un breve ruptura causate per le education del filio de Goethe, habeva retornate al equipa de collaboratores. Al testa del equipa se trovava ab 1824 Eckermann, a qui Goethe accordava su confidentia e que ille recompensava con recognition e laude. Ben que ille dedicava tote su fortia de labor a Goethe, ille esseva mal remunerate per ille.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 626 f.</ref> Ille debeva completar su medios de subsistentia per dar cursos de linguas a viagiatores cultural anglese. Goethe le designava in su testamento como editor de su obras postume.
In 1828 moriva le amico e protector de Goethe, le grande duca Carl August,<ref>Vgl. auch Albert Schöne: ''„Regenbogen auf schwarzgrauem Grunde“ – Goethes Dornburger Brief an Zelter zum Tod seines Großherzogs.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1979 (= ''Göttinger Universitätsreden.'' Heft 65).</ref> e in novembre 1830 su filio [[August von Goethe|August]]. In le mesme anno ille terminava le labor super le secunde parte de ''Faust''. Illo esseva un obra pro le qual le longe processo de creation habeva le plus grande importantia; formalmente un drama pro le scena, in realitate a pena practicabile super le scena, plus tosto un fantastic kaleidoscopio de imagines, multivoc, como multe de su obras poetic. Finalmente ille interveniva anque in le [[Pariser Akademiestreit|controversia]] inter le duo [[Paläontologie|paleontologos]] [[Georges Cuvier]] e [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] ([[Katastrophismus|catastrofismo]] contra [[Transmutation der Arten|evolution continue del species]]). Le geologia e le theoria del evolution le interessava tanto como le [[arcobaleno]], que ille non habeva succedite explicar per su theoria del colores. Anque le question de como cresce le plantas non le lassava in pace.
In augusto 1831 Goethe se senti ancora attrahite verso le Foreste Thuringian, al loco ubi ille habeva un tempore recipite su prime impulsos scientifico-natural, e se dirigeva a Ilmenau. 51 annos post que, in 1780, ille habeva scribite super un pariete de tabulas in le cabana de chasse «Goethehäuschen» sur le [[Kickelhahn]] prope [[Ilmenau]] su poema le plus cognoscite, ''[[Wandrers Nachtlied]]'' («Über allen Gipfeln ist Ruh …»), ille visitava de novo iste loco in 1831, poco ante su ultime anniversario.
In le nocte del 21 de martio 1832 Goethe esseva subitemente surprendite, «post un catarrho multo leve, per le plus violente frigore; cramps in le thorace e le abdomen causava inquietude. Solmente al matino poteva on vocar le medico». Le medico consultate esseva le medico personal de Goethe, [[Carl Vogel (Mediziner)|Carl Vogel]].<ref>{{ANNO|pre|03|04|1832|8|Deutschland. Weimar, den 22. März|HERVORHEBUNG=l)1-, Vogel}}</ref> Le vespere del 21 de martio le stato del malade se ameliorava, e il se dice que ille habeva demandate le libro ''Seize mois, ou la révolution et les révolutionnaires'' de [[Narcisse-Achille de Salvandy]].<ref name="18320328AML">{{ANNO|aml|28|03|1832|8|Göthe's Tod|HERVORHEBUNG=Göthe's Tod}}</ref>
Le 22 de martio 1832 Goethe moriva al etate de 82 annos, probabilemente de un [[infarto del myocardio|infarto cardiac]].<ref>Klaus Seehafer: ''Mein Leben ein einzig Abenteuer. Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Biografie.'' Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 2000, S. 458.</ref> Le fontes contemporanee reportava que Goethe habeva morite al mediedie del 22 de martio «dulcemente e pacificamente, minus de un [[edema pulmonar|congestion pulmonar]], que de un exhaustion simultanee de tote le systemas vital» o «post un lecto de maladia de quatro dies, per le consequentias de un febre gastrico-nervose».<ref name="18320328AML" /><ref>{{ANNO|pre|30|03|1832|7|Deutschland|HERVORHEBUNG=Iohann Wolfgang von Göthe}}</ref>
Si le ultime [[ultime parolas|parolas ultime]] attribuite a Goethe, «Mehr Licht!» («Plus de lumine!»), es authentique es disputate. Illas esseva reportate per su medico personal Carl Vogel, qui tamen non se trovava in le camera mortuari al momento del morte.<ref>{{Internetquelle |autor=Carl Vogel |url=http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/1833cvog.htm |titel=Die letzte Krankheit Goethe’s […]. Nebst einer Nachschrift von C. W. Hufeland |werk=''Journal der practischen Heilkunde'' (1833) |hrsg=Universität Gießen |datum=1961 |abruf=2013-01-08}}</ref> Quatro dies plus tarde Goethe esseva inhumate in le [[cripta del principes de Weimar|cripta principesca de Weimar]]. Su sarcophago esseva «in forma antique con manicos de ferro, […] facite de tabulas de quercia e rivestite de plumbo». Ille portava le simple inscription ''Goethe'' e «esseva facite secundo le desenho que Goethe habeva preparate pro le sarcophago destinate a includer le restos terrestre de Schiller in le cripta principesca».<ref>''Nekrolog.'' In: ''Intelligenzblatt der Allgemeinen Literatur-Zeitung'' Juni 1832, Nr. 38‒40, Spalte 305‒326, hier [https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00199729/ALZ_1832_Bd05_IntBl_0160.tif Sp. 316.]</ref> Le sol discurso funebre esseva pronunciate per le director general [[Johann Friedrich Röhr]].<ref>''Trauerworte bei von Goetheʼs Bestattung am 26sten März 1832.'' Weimar o. J. [1832] ([https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10728862?page=3 Digitalisat]).</ref>
=== Le unicitate de Goethe ===
Le biographos de Goethe ha frequentemente attirate le attention al unicitate e al intim interconnexion de vita e obra de Goethe. Rüdiger Safranski exprimeva iste idea in le subtitulo de su biographia, ''Kunstwerk des Lebens''. [[Georg Simmel]] poneva al centro de su monographia super Goethe de 1913 le existentia spiritual exemplar de Goethe, con le incarnation de un individualitate inconfundibile.<ref>Georg Simmel: ''Goethe.'' Klinghardt & Biermann, Leipzig 1913.</ref> Le discipulo de [[Stefan George]], [[Friedrich Gundolf]], dedicava su monographia de 1916 al «representation del figura integre de Goethe, le plus grande unitate in le qual le spirito german se ha incarnate», e ibi «vita e obra» appare solmente como differente «attributos de un e le mesme substantia».<ref>Friedrich Gundolf: ''Goethe.'' 1. Auflage. Bondi, Berlin 1916, S. 1.</ref> Le parola «Olympian» ja circulava durante le vita de Goethe.<ref>Secundo [[Walter Benjamin]] (''Illuminationes. Scripta seligite.'' Edition in brochura. Suhrkamp. Frankfurt am Main 1977, S. 84), illo esseva attribuite a [[Jean Paul]].</ref> In un maniera minus floride, le psychoanalysta [[Kurt R. Eissler]] parla in su vaste studio de Goethe de un «genio creative»<ref>Kurt R. Eissler: ''Goethe. Eine psychoanalytische Studie 1775–1786.'' Band 1. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1987, S. 38.</ref> e delineava le incredibile amplitudine de su interesses e activitates:
{{Citation|Il ha amor e amicitia e odio e viages e festas e guerra e caritate verso le proxime; il ha Goethe le cortesan, le aventuriero, le scientifico (physico, mineralogo, botanico, meteorologo, anatomista e biologo), le maestro, le amante, le marito, le patre, le administrator, le diplomate, le director del theatros e museos, le pictor e delineator, le maestro de ceremonias, le philosopho e le politico – e io non ha ancora mentionate le poeta e dramaturgo, le romanciero, le traductor, le correspondentista e critico.<ref>Kurt R. Eissler: ''Goethe. Eine psychoanalytische Studie 1775–1786.'' Band 1. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1987, S. 36.</ref>}}
== Le «pensamento objectal» de Goethe ==
Il essere incorrecte supponer un vision del mundo coherente e unitari in Goethe; plus appropriate es parlar de su comprension del mundo. Ille acquireva in le campos del philosophia, theologia e scientia natural un cognoscentia de un extension e amplitude que nulle poeta de su epocha, ma ille non reuniva iste cognoscentia in un systema. Tamen, ille partiva del unitate del cognoscentia human e del experientias, del connexion inter arte e natura, scientia e poesia, religion e litteratura. «Pro philosophia in le senso proprie io non habeva organo», ille admitteva in su essay ''Einwirkung der neueren Philosophie'' (1820). Per isto ille testificava su aversion al abstractiones conceptual, in le sfera del qual ille non se sentiva a su agio. Tamen, le factos e cognoscentias assumite ab le plus diverse campos del sapere fecundava e enrichiva quasi toto lo que ille scribeva.<ref>Hugh Barr Nisbet: ''Religion and Philosophy.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, ISBN 0-521-66211-7, S. 224 und 231.</ref>
Pro comprender su pensamento philosophic, scientific-natural e artistic, «intuition» e «pensamento objectal» es conceptos clave particularmente revelatori. [[Immanuel Kant]] e su ''Critica del ration'' Goethe opponeva le exigentia de un ''critica del sensos''. Goethe insisteva super le acquisition de cognoscentias per intuition e reflexion, anque concernente «phenomenos originari» como le «[[planta originari|planta primeva]]».<ref>Il es transmitte le discurso inter Goethe e Schiller super le planta primeva e super idea contra experientia durante lor prime incontro fructuose in 1794; vide Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 391–393.</ref> Pro ille, «intuition» significava le relation empiric al phenomenos per observation e experimento; in isto ille sequeva le methodo [[Induktion (Philosophie)|inductivista]] de [[Francis Bacon]].<ref>Hugh Barr Nisbet: ''Religion and Philosophy.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, S. 231.</ref> «Pensamento objectal» es le expression usate a proposito de Goethe per le professor de psychiatria de Leipzig [[Johann Christian August Heinroth|Heinroth]], expression que Goethe gratemente adoptava in su essay ''Bedeutende Fördernis durch ein einziges geistreiches Wort''.<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Bedeutende Fördernis durch ein einziges geistreiches Wort.'' In: ''Theoretische Schriften.'' [http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Theoretische+Schriften/Bedeutende+F%C3%B6rdernis+durch+ein+einziges+geistreiches+Wort zeno.org] (abgerufen am 9. März 2015).</ref> Goethe concordava con Heinroth anque in que «mi contemplation mesme es un pensamento, mi pensamento un contemplation». In le continuation de su essay ille applicava iste pensamento tanto a su recercas in le scientias natural como a su «poesia objectal». Friedrich Schiller judiciava apud Körner que le philosophia de Goethe «trahe troppo ab le mundo sensorial».<ref>Schiller an Körner, 1. November 1790.</ref> [[Heinrich Heine]] recognosceva con admiration le «facultate de contemplation, sentimento e pensamento plastic» de Goethe.<ref>Heinrich Heine: ''Reisebilder. Zweyter Theil. Die Nordsee. Dritte Abtheilung''. In: Düsseldorfer Heine-Ausgabe, Band 6: ''Briefe aus Berlin. Über Polen. Reisebilder I/II (Prosa)''. S. 148.</ref> [[Andreas Bruno Wachsmuth]], le presidente de longe tempore del [[Societate Goethe|Goethe-Gesellschaft]], lo nominava «desiro de apprender ab le cosas».<ref>[[Andreas Bruno Wachsmuth]]: ''Geeinte Zwienatur. Aufsätze zu Goethes naturwissenschaftlichem Denken.'' Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1966, S. 14.</ref>
=== Comprension del natura ===
[[File:Hanf Cannabis femina@Goethe's botanical objects.JPG|thumb|upright|Planta de cannabis, parte del [[Herbario]] de Goethe]]
Le investigador de Goethe [[Dieter Borchmeyer]] es del opinion que Goethe dedicava le major parte de su vita al scientias natural.<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Edition novemente actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 183.</ref> [[Stefan Bollmann]] constata in un monographia super le investigationes de Goethe concernente le natura: «On debera habituar se al idea que le major poeta de Germania esseva un scientista del natura.»<ref>Stefan Bollmann: ''Der Atem der Welt – Johann Wolfgang Goethe und die Erfahrung der Natur.'' Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2021; citate hic secundo ''Süddeutsche Zeitung'', 13 april 2021, p. 14.</ref> In omne caso, tote le vita de Goethe esseva marcate per un contacto intense con le natura, al qual ille se approchava in duo manieras: ''sentiente e experiente como artista, e observante e analysante como erudito e investigator del natura''.<ref>Alfred Schmidt: ''Natur.'' In: ''Goethe Handbuch.'' Band 4/2: ''Personen, Sachen, Begriffe L–Z.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, pp. 755 ss.</ref> Pro Goethe, le natura, con su infinitas facietas, esseva impossibile de apprehender como un toto: «illo non ha systema; illo ha, illo es vita e sequentia ab un centro incognite usque a un limite non recognoscibile. Le contemplation del natura es ergo interminabile […]».<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Schriften zur Morphologie.'' Frankfurter Ausgabe, Band 24. Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1987, p. 582.</ref> Su «pensamento del natura» offere le clave pro comprender tanto su biographia intellectual como su obra litterari.<ref>Alfred Schmidt: ''Natur.'' In: ''Goethe Handbuch.'' Band 4/2: ''Personen, Sachen, Begriffe L–Z.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, p. 757.</ref> Secundo Andreas Wachsmuth, Goethe elevava «le natura como dominio de experientia e cognition al plus alte occupation formative del esser human».<ref>Andreas Bruno Wachsmuth: ''Geeinte Zwienatur. Aufsätze zu Goethes naturwissenschaftlichem Denken.'' Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1966, p. 7.</ref>
Desde su annos a Strasbourg, e sub le impulsion de Herder, Goethe attribueva al natura un loco central in su vita. Al initio, sub le influentia de [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], Klopstock e [[Ossian]], esseva le ''experientia e le sentimento del natura'' lo que le impressionava; a partir de 1780, in Weimar, se disveloppava un interesse crescente pro le investigation e le scientias natural. Le philosopho [[Alfred Schmidt (Philosoph)|Alfred Schmidt]] appella iste processo le «passo del sentimento del natura al cognoscimento del natura».<ref name="Alfred Schmidt 1998">Alfred Schmidt: ''Natur.'' In: ''Goethe Handbuch.'' Band 4/2: ''Personen, Sachen, Begriffe L–Z.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, p. 764.</ref> Como erudito qui observava le natura, Goethe investigava numerose disciplinas: [[Morphologie (Biologie)|morphologia]], [[Geologie|geologia]], [[Mineralogie|mineralogia]], [[Optik|optica]], [[Botanik|botanica]], [[Zoologie|zoologia]], [[Anatomie|anatomia]] e [[Meteorologie|meteorologia]]. Como ille rememorava plus tarde in un conversation con Eckermann, le interessava «objectos que me circondava sur le terra e que poteva esser percipite directemente per le sensos».<ref>Citate secundo Alfred Schmidt: ''Natur.'' In: ''Goethe Handbuch.'' Band 4/2: ''Personen, Sachen, Begriffe L–Z.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, p. 766.</ref>
Inter su conceptos clave se trovava, de un latere, le [[Metamorphose (botanica)|metamorphose]] e le ''typo'', e del altere, le [[Polaritate (Goethe)|polaritate]] e le ''ascension''. Goethe comprendeva le metamorphose como un transformation gradual del forma intra le limites fixate per le typo correspondente («[[Urpflanze]]», «planta primordial», e «Urtier», «animal primordial»). Le transformation occurre in un processo continue de ''attraction e repulsion (polaritate)'' que conduce a un ascension verso formas plus alte.<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Erläuterungen zu dem aphoristischen Aufsatz „Die Natur“'' [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Theoretische+Schriften/Erl%C3%A4uterung+zu+dem+aphoristischen+Aufsatz+%C2%BBDie+Natur%C2%AB zeno.org] (consultate le 10 martio 2015).</ref>
In le conception [[Pantheismo|pantheistic]] de considerar natura e Deo como identic, le conception del natura e le conception religiose de Goethe se ligava.
[[Werner Heisenberg]] scribeva super le conception goethean del natura: «Anque hodie nos pote ancora apprender de Goethe que nos non debe, in favor de un sol organo, le analyse rational, lassar atrofiar tote le alteres…».<ref>Werner Heisenberg: ''Das Naturbild Goethes und die Technisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Welt''. In: ''Die Großen'', Band VII/1. Kindler-Verlag, 1977, pp. 64–73.</ref>
=== Comprension del religion ===
Abstrahente de un breve periodo de approximation al conceptiones del fide [[Pietismo|pietistic]], que attingeva su culmine durante le [[convalescentia]] de Goethe post un grave morbo in le annos 1768–1770, ille remaneva critic verso le religion christian.<ref>Hugh Barr Nisbet: ''Religion and Philosophy.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, pp. 219 ss.</ref> Jam in su juventute ille habeva declarate a su amico, le theologo [[Johann Caspar Lavater]], in un littera de responsa in 1782, que ille esseva «non un adversario de Christo, non un non-christiano, ma tamen un non-christiano decidite».<ref>Goethe a Lavater, 29 de julio 1782, citate secundo [[Terence James Reed]]: ''Der säkulare Goethe und seine Religion.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 130, 2013, pp. 59–64, hic p. 61.</ref> Le investigador de Goethe [[Werner Keller (Germanist)|Werner Keller]] resume le objectiones de Goethe contra le christianismo in tres punctos: «Le symbolismo del cruce esseva pro Goethe un offensa, le doctrina del [[peccato original]] un humiliation del creation, le divinisation de Jesus in le [[Dreifaltigkeit|Trinitate]] un [[Blasphemie|blasphemia]] contra le Deo unic».<ref>[[Werner Keller (Germanist)|Werner Keller]]: ''Altersmystik? Der späte Goethe und das Christentum seiner Zeit. Ein Fragment in Skizzenform.'' Citate secundo Wolfgang Frühwald: ''Goethe und das Christentum. Anmerkungen zu einem ambivalenten Verhältnis.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 130, 2013, p. 47.</ref>
Secundo [[Heinrich Heine]], Goethe esseva cognoscite «le grande pagano […] generalmente in Germania».<ref>Heinrich Heine: ''Sämtliche Werke.'' Band III: ''Schriften zur Literatur und Politik I.'' Darmstadt 1992, p. 295.</ref> In su conception resolutemente optimista del natura human, ille non poteva acceptar le [[Dogma|dogmas]] del peccato original e del damnation eternal.<ref>Hugh Barr Nisbet: ''Religion and Philosophy.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 220.</ref> Su «pietate del mundo» (un expression de Goethe in ''Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre'') le poneva in opposition a tote le religiones que despreciava le mundo; ille rejectava toto lo supernatural.<ref>Gerhard von Frankenberg: ''Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.'' In: [[Karlheinz Deschner]] (Hrsg.): ''Das Christentum im Urteil seiner Gegner.'' Max Hueber, Ismaning 1986, p. 152.</ref> In su grande [[Sturm und Drang|ode del Sturm und Drang]] ''[[Prometheus (Hymne)|Prometheus]]'', le rebellion religiose de Goethe trovava su expression poetic le plus forte.<ref name="Hugh Barr Nisbet 2002">Hugh Barr Nisbet: ''Religion and Philosophy.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, pp. 219–231, hic p. 221.</ref> Nicholas Boyle vide in illo le «refusa explicite e furiose de Goethe del Deo del pietistas e del false consolation de lor redemptor».<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit.'' Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 196.</ref> In le secunde stropha del [[Rollengedicht|poema in forma de monologo]], «Io cognosce nihil plus povre / Sub le sol que vos, deos», le revolta prometeic se intensifica al fin del ode de septe stropha in un provocativo desafio a [[Zeus]], a qui Prometheus lancia: «Hic io sede, io forma homines / Secundo mi imagine, / Un generation que sia simile a me, / Pro suffrer, plorar, / Gauder e allegrar se, / E non prestar attention a te, / Como io.»
Ben que Goethe studiava intensemente le christianismo, le judaismo e le islam e lor textos fundamental, ille se opponeva a omne [[Offenbarungsreligion|religion revelate]] e al idea de un Deo creator personal. Le individuo debe trovar le divin in se mesme e non sequer litteralmente un revelation externe.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 566.</ref> Al revelation ille opponeva le ''intuition directa''. [[Navid Kermani]] parla de un «religiositate del intuition directe e del experientia universalmente human», que «se passa sin speculation e quasi sin fide».<ref>Navid Kermani: ''Gott-Atmen. Goethes Religion.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 130, 2013, p. 27.</ref> «Le natura ha ni nucleo ni cortice / Illa es toto in un sol vice», dice le poema de Goethe ''Allerdings. Dem Physiker.'' de 1820, per le qual ille insistentia que le natura revela su essentia in su forma mesme. A [[Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi]] e su scripto contra [[Spinoza]], ille respondeva in 1785 que ille poteva recognoscer un essentia divin solmente in e a partir del cosas individual: Spinoza «non demonstra le existentia de Deo, le existentia es Deo».<ref>Goethe a Jacobi, 9 de junio 1785, citate secundo Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 297.</ref> In un altere littera, ille defendia Spinoza con le parolas: «Io me attacca sempre plus firmemente al culto de Deo del atheista […] e vos lassa toto lo que vos appella religion».<ref>Goethe a Jacobi, 5 de maio 1786, citate secundo Terence James Reed: ''Der säkulare Goethe und seine Religion.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 130, 2013, pp. 59–64, hic p. 59.</ref>
In su studios del natura, Goethe trovava pro se mesme fundamentos firme del veritate. Ille se declarava repetitemente [[Pantheismus|pantheista]] in le tradition philosophic de [[Baruch de Spinoza|Spinoza]] e [[Polytheismus|polytheista]] in le tradition del antiquitate classic.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 534.</ref> A iste proposito, il es importante notar que Wolfgang Bartuschat monstra que le philosophia de Spinoza debe esser comprendite como monismo, ma que iste monismo spinozistic non es equivalente a un sacralisation del natura tal como Goethe lo practica.<ref>Wolfgang Bartuschat: ''Spinozas Philosophie. Über den Zusammenhang von Metaphysik und Ethik.'' Meiner-Verlag, Hamburg 2017, pp. 31–52.</ref> Iste divinisation del natura in Goethe se manifesta concretemente in su conviction que le investigation del natura es simultaneemente un exploration del divin. Pro iste ration, il es importante sublinear que Goethe presenta un interpretation particular de Spinoza. In le correspondentia con Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Goethe discuteva in 1774 le philosophia de Spinoza.<ref>Felix Knode: ''Literarische Anthropologie und empfindsame Idyllik. Zum Verhältnis von Literatur und Philosophie im Erzählwerk Friedrich Heinrich Jacobis.'' 1. edition. transcript-Verlag, Bielefeld 2024, pp. 55–77.</ref> Pro Jacobi, le conception goethean del natura es un determinismo que negarea le libero arbitrio del homine, comprendite como activitate autonome de se mesme.<ref>Felix Knode: ''Literarische Anthropologie und empfindsame Idyllik. Zum Verhältnis von Literatur und Philosophie im Erzählwerk Friedrich Heinrich Jacobis.'' 1. edition. transcript-Verlag, Bielefeld 2024, pp. 157–166.</ref> Secundo Jacobi, iste activitate autonome del homine se manifesta in le realitate del vita que nos pote experir, per le action.<ref>Felix Knode: ''Literarische Anthropologie und empfindsame Idyllik. Zum Verhältnis von Literatur und Philosophie im Erzählwerk Friedrich Heinrich Jacobis.'' 1. edition. transcript-Verlag, Bielefeld 2024, pp. 166–175.</ref> Secundo Jacobi, un horizonte de existentia absolute conduce a un conception determinista del homine e del mundo e debe ergo esser problematisate sur le plano anthropologic. Pro Goethe, iste problematisation anthropologic non se presenta in iste maniera, proque ille defendeva differentes conceptiones secundo le contexto del discussion.
{{Citation|Nos es pantheistas quando nos studia le natura, polytheistas quando nos crea poesia, monotheistas in le esfera moral.|Maximen und Reflexionen<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Maximen und Reflexionen: Über Literatur und Leben.'' [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Aphorismen+und+Aufzeichnungen/Maximen+und+Reflexionen/Aus+dem+Nachla%C3%9F/%C3%9Cber+Literatur+und+Leben zeno.org] (consultate le 20 de januario 2015).</ref>}}
A un viagiator, secundo le relato de [[Dorothea Schlegel]], Goethe explicava que ille esseva «atheista in le scientia natural e philosophia, pagano in le arte e christian secundo le sentimento».<ref>Citate secundo Hans Dieter Betz: ''Antike und Christentum. Gesammelte Aufsätze IV.'' Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1998, p. 86.</ref>
Le Biblia e le Coran, con le quales ille se habeva occupate durante le composition del ''West-östlicher Divan'', esseva pro ille «libros poetic de historia, hic e illac plen de sapientias, ma anque de insipientias ligate al tempore».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 564.</ref> Ille considerava le maestros de religion e le poetas como «adversarios natural» e rivales: «le maestros religiose vole ‘reprimer’ le obras del poetas, ‘remover los de via’, ‘render los innocue’».<ref>[[Katharina Mommsen]]: ''Goethe und die arabische Welt.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1988, p. 436.</ref> Separate del dogmas, ille trovava in le [[Ikonografie|iconographia]] e le tradition narrative de tote le religiones importante, includente le [[Islam]] e le [[Hinduismus|hinduismo]], fontes ric de symbolos poetic e [[Allusion|allusiones]]; le testimonio le plus forte de isto se trova in le ''Faust'' e le ''West-östlicher Divan''.<ref>Hugh Barr Nisbet: ''Religion and Philosophy.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 224.</ref>
Goethe amava le representation plastic del deos e semideos del antiquitate, del templos e sanctuarios, durante que le cruce e le representation de corpore martirisate le esseva quasi odiose.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 568.</ref>
{{Citation|Io pote supportar multe cosas. Le major parte del cosas penose / Io suffre con tranquille corage, como un deo me lo commanda. / Ma pauc cosas me es tan odiose como veneno e serpente, / Quatro: fumo de tabaco, cimices, allio e cruce.|Epigrammas venetian 66<ref>Pro iste e altere expressiones critic del religion vide: [[http://www.dober.de/religionskritik/goethe.html ''Goethe und die Religion'']</ref>}}
Goethe se confrontava al islam con respecto, ma non sin critica.<ref>Vider a iste proposito Hendrik Birus: ''Goethe – „ein Muselmann“?'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 130, 2013, pp. 51–58.</ref> In le ''Noten und Abhandlungen zum besseren Verständnis des West-östlichen Divans'', ille criticava Mohammed pro haber «vestite su tribo de un obscur velo religiose»; inter le aspectos criticate ille mentionava le imagine negative del feminas, le prohibition del vino e del intoxicantes e le aversion al poesia.<ref>Katharina Mommsen: ''Goethe und die arabische Welt.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1988, p. 437.</ref>
Le ceremonias e processiones ecclesiastic esseva pro ille «pompa sin anima» e «mascheradas». Le ecclesia vole regnar e pro isto necessita «un massa obtuse que se inclina e es inclinate a lassar se governar».<ref>Citate secundo Gerhard von Frankenberg: ''Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.'' In: Karlheinz Deschner (Hrsg.): ''Das Christentum im Urteil seiner Gegner.'' Max Hueber, Ismaning 1986, pp. 161 e 163.</ref> Le integre historia ecclesiastic esseva un «confusion de error e de violentia».<ref>Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Gedichte. Nachlese: Zahme Xenien 9.'' [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Gedichte/%28Gedichte.+Nachlese%29/Zahme+Xenien/9.+%5B%C2%BBSag,+was+enth%C3%A4lt+die+Kirchengeschichte%5D zeno.org] (consultate le 20 de januario 2015).</ref> Del altere latere, con participation e humor profunde ille describerea le traditional [[Sankt-Rochus-Fest]] a Bingen — similmente a su description anterior del «Carnaval Roman» (1789) — como un festa popular gaiose, ubi le vita es affirmate como bon e belle e ubi on renuncia a tote ascetismo christian.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens''. Hanser, München 2013, pp. 588 ss.; Karl Heinz Weiers: ''Goethes Erlebnisse auf dem Sankt-Rochus-Fest zu Bingen am 16. August des Jahres 1814 und sein späterer Bericht über dieses Volksfest'', p. 16.</ref> Tamen, ille videva in le christianismo «un potentia ordonante que ille respectava e que ille voleva esser respectate».<ref>Wolfgang Frühwald: ''Goethe und das Christentum. Anmerkungen zu einem ambivalenten Verhältnis.'' In: ''Goethe Jahrbuch.'' Band 130, 2013, p. 46.</ref> Le christianismo debeva promover le cohesion social del populo, ma pro le elite intellectual illo esseva, secundo Goethe, superflue,<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit.'' Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 441.</ref> nam: «Qui possede scientia e arte, ha anque religion; / qui non possede le duo, que ille ha religion.»<ref>''Goethe Gedichte.'' Edite e commentate per Erich Trunz. C. H. Beck, München 2007, p. 367.</ref>
Del altere latere, le idea del [[Reinkarnation|reincarnation]] non esseva estranie a ille. Su fide in le [[Unsterblichkeit|immortalitate]] non se basava tamen sur fundamentos religiose, ma philosophic, como le conception [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|leibnizian]] del [[Monade (Philosophie)|monade]] indestructibile o le [[Aristoteles|aristotelic]] [[Entelechie|entelechia]].<ref name="Hugh Barr Nisbet 2002" /> A partir del idea del activitate, ille developpava in conversation con Eckermann le these que le natura debe esser obligate, «si io labora sin pausa usque a mi fin, […] a indicar me un altere forma de existentia, si le forma presente non pote plus esser supportate per mi spirito».<ref>[[Johann Peter Eckermann]]: ''Gespräche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens. Gespräch vom 4. Februar 1829.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1981.</ref>
=== Autocomprension aesthetic ===
Como [[recensente|recensor]] del ''Frankfurter Gelehrten Anzeigen'', leducte per su amico de Darmstadt [[Johann Heinrich Merck]], Goethe se occupava, durante su periodo de ''[[Sturm und Drang|tempesta e impetu]]'', del [[aesthetica|aesthetica]] de [[Johann Georg Sulzer]], alora multo influente. Al principio, al principio aesthetico traditional que le arte es imitation del natura, Goethe opponeva le [[genio]], qui in su expression creative crea mesme ''como'' le natura.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 129–131.</ref> Le creation poetic es expression del natura sin freno, e Shakespeare es su potentia creative personificate.<ref>Alfred Schmid: ''Natur.'' Eintrag in: ''Goethe Handbuch.'' Band 4/2: ''Personen, Sachen, Begriffe L–Z.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, S. 758 f.</ref>
Durante su viage in Italia se formava le conception de Goethe super le arte; illo esseva intimemente ligate al nomines de [[Johann Joachim Winckelmann]] e del architecto classicista [[Andrea Palladio]].<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche''. Studienausgabe. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, S. 129.</ref> In le classicismo de Winckelmann ille recognosceva le veritate artistic valide pro ille, como ja formulate in le caso de Shakespeare: illo non es simplemente natura imitate, sed natura intensificate.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 435.</ref> Plus tarde ille honora Winckelmann per le publication de cartas e sketches in le collection ''Winckelmann und sein Jahrhundert'' (1805).
Post su retorno de Italia, le ideas del [[autonomia|aesthetica de autonomia]], que [[Karl Philipp Moritz]] habe formulate in le scripto ''Über die bildende Nachahmung des Schönen'' (1788), deveniva de grande importantia pro Goethe.<ref>Karl Philipp Moritz prende le autonomia tanto pro le obra de arte como pro le artista: «Ille es “primo pro se mesme, solmente post pro nos”». Entry ''Autonomie.'' In: Ulrich Pfisterer (Hrsg.): ''Lexikon Kunstwissenschaft''. Metzler, Stuttgart 2003, S. 31.</ref> Secundo Goethe, iste scripto habe originate ex conversationes inter ille e Moritz in Roma. Illo [[Postulat|postulava]] que le obra de arte non servi alcun fin exterior e que le artista non es serviente de nulle persona,<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 359–361.</ref> sed que ille, como ''creator'', sta al mesme nivello que le creator del universo. In iste aspiration Goethe trovava anque le solution de su [[dilemma]] inter existientia curial e artistic: como creator de beltate litterari, le artista pote esser sustentate per un [[mecenate]] sin servir le fines de ille.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 577 f.</ref>
Al contrario de Schiller, ille refusava comprender le obras poetic como construction de ideas. Referente a ''Faust'', ille demandava rhetoricamente qual esserea le resultato, «si io habeva volite disponer un vita tanto ric, colorate e maxime multiforme, qual io ha presentate in le ''Faust'', super le magre filo de un sol idea continue!» A isto corresponde le declaration de Goethe, registrate in le mesme conversation per Eckermann: «plus [[Inkommensurabilität (Wissenschaftstheorie)|incommensurabile]] e incomprehensibile pro le intellecto es un production poetic, tanto melior».<ref name="Insel Verlag 1981">[[Johann Peter Eckermann]]: ''Gespräche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens. Gespräch vom 6. Mai 1827'' {{projekt-gutenberg.org |a=johann-peter-eckermann |w=johann-peter-eckermann-gespraeche-mit-goethe |n=999 |x=Gespräche mit Goethe |Wex=eckerman/gesprche/gsp3060 |Tex=Gespräche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens. Gespräch vom 6. Mai 1827 |Aex=[[Johann Peter Eckermann]]}}{{PGDW/Migration}} Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1981.</ref> Anque le conception de [[Denis Diderot]], que le arte debe offerer un reproduction fidel del natura, ille rejectava. Ille insisteva sur le distinction inter natura e arte. Secundo ille, le natura «organisa un esser vivente e indifferente, le artista un esser morte, sed significative; le natura un cosa real, le artista un apparentia. In le obras del natura le observator debe primo ipse apportar signification, sentimento, pensamento, effecto e impression super le animo; in le obra de arte ille vole e debe trovar ja tote isto».<ref>Ex le traduction commentate per Goethe de ''Diderots Versuch über die Malerei''. Citato secundo Karl Otto Conrady: ''Goethe. Leben und Werk.'' Neuausgabe in einem Band. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, S. 699.</ref> Al arte, conclude Karl Otto Conrady, es reservate un plus decisive que le distingue del natura. Le artista adde al natura alique que non le pertine.<ref>Karl Otto Conrady: ''Goethe. Leben und Werk.'' Neuausgabe in einem Band. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, S. 699 f.</ref>
Schiller, in su scripto ''[[Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung]]'' — un «tractato de typologia poetic» multo importante pro le «autodefinition del classicismo de Weimar»<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik Portrait einer Epoche.'' Aktualisierte Neuausgabe. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, S. 318.</ref> — characterisava Goethe como poeta naive e le poneva in un serie de predecessores con [[Homer]] e [[Shakespeare]]. In le poetas naives Schiller videva un effortio verso le «imitation del real»; lor objecto esseva le mundo create per le poeta mediante le arte. Al contrario, le creation del poeta sentimental esseva autorreflexive e orientate verso le «representation del ideal» del natura perdite.<ref>{{PGDW|schiller/naivsent/chap001|Über naive und sentimentalische Dichtung. Die sentimentalischen Dichter|[[Friedrich Schiller]]}}</ref> Goethe, realista e optimista, anque se abstineva de finir su dramas e romances con morte e catastrophe. In un carta a Schiller del 9 decembre 1797 ille dubitava que ille «poterrea scriber un ver tragedia».<ref>Zitate secundo Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Aktualisierte Neuausgabe. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, S. 532.</ref> Su dramas e romances fini generalmente de maniera non tragica, con renunciation, como le romance ''Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre'', con le significativo subtitulo ''Die Entsagenden'' («Le renunciantes»). In ''Le Wahlverwandtschaften'', ille formava le thema del renunciation, in le persona de Ottilie, in maniera ascetic e sancte; iste romance ille duceva a un fin tragic.<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Weimarer Klassik. Portrait einer Epoche.'' Aktualisierte Neuausgabe. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, S. 531 f.</ref>
Con su expression «[[Weltliteratur|litteratura universal]]», le Goethe del ultime annos opponeva al litteraturas national particular un «litteratura universal», que «non pertine ni al populo ni al nobilitate, ni al rege ni al paisano», sed es «patrimonio commun del humanitate».<ref>Zitate secundo Hendrik Birus: ''Goethes Idee der Weltliteratur. Eine historische Vergegenwärtigung.'' [[http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf In: Goethezeitportal], S. 3 und 4.</ref> In su production litterari, includente traductiones del principal linguas europee, Goethe demonstrava in maniera impressionante le amplitude de su approcho aesthetico al litteraturas de Europa, del Oriente proxime e lontan e del Antiquitate classic. Le reception del poesia persian e chinese es testificate per le cyclo de poemas ''West-östlicher Divan'' e ''Chinesisch-deutsche Tages- und Jahreszeiten''.<ref>Pro le interesse de Goethe pro le poesia e arte chinese, vide le breve panorama in le parte de commentarios de ''Goethe. Gedichte''. Herausgegeben und kommentiert von [[Erich Trunz]] (Jubiläumsausgabe nach dem Text von Band 1 der Hamburger Ausgabe). C. H. Beck, München 2007, S. 774–776.</ref> Goethe manteneva un correspondentia epistolar con scriptores europee, inter illes le essayista scotese e autor de ''The Life of Schiller'' (1825), [[Thomas Carlyle]], [[George Gordon Byron|Lord Byron]] e le italiano [[Alessandro Manzoni]]. Ille traduceva le memores de [[Benvenuto Cellini]], orfebre del [[Renaissance|Renascentia]], e le dialogo satiric-philosophic de Diderot ''[[Rameaus Neffe]]''. Ille legeva regularmente periodicos estranier, como le revista litterari francese ''Le Globe'', le revista italian de historia cultural ''L’Eco'' e le ''Edinburgh Review''.<ref>Gerhard R. Kaiser: ''Mme de Staël „De l’Allemagne“ und Goethes Überlegungen zur „Weltliteratur“.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 128, 2011, S. 228–250, hier: S. 237 und 239 ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20200715025316/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835323193.pdf PDF-Version])</ref> [[Gerhard R. Kaiser]] suppone que in le declarationes de Goethe super le litteratura universal, le autor de ''De l’Allemagne'' (''Über Deutschland'', 1813), Madame [[Anne Louise Germaine de Staël|de Staël]], es implicitemente presente, proque su obra accelerava le processo de formation del litteratura universal que occurreva in le epocha de Goethe.<ref>Gerhard R. Kaiser: ''Mme de Staël „De l’Allemagne“ und Goethes Überlegungen zur „Weltliteratur“.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 128, 2011, S. 228–250, hier: S. 237 f. ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20200715025316/https://www.goethe-gesellschaft.de/download/jahrbuch/9783835323193.pdf PDF-Version])</ref>
In conversation con Eckermann, ille postulava:
{{Citation|Le litteratura national non significa multo hodie; le epocha del litteratura universal ha venite, e cata uno debe ora contribuer a accelerar iste epocha.<ref>Zitate secundo Hendrik Birus: ''Goethes Idee der Weltliteratur. Eine historische Vergegenwärtigung.''[[http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf In: Goethezeitportal], S. 4.</ref>}}
Durante su ultime annos, quando ille vix considerava le litteratura german moderne digne de mention, ille legeva «de Francia [[Honoré de Balzac|Balzac]], [[Stendhal]], [[Victor Hugo|Hugo]], de Anglaterra [[Walter Scott|Scott]] e [[George Gordon Byron|Byron]], e de Italia [[Alessandro Manzoni|Manzoni]]».<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, S. 648.</ref>
== Opere ==
Le obra artistic de Goethe es multiforme. Le loco le plus importante es occupate per su obra litterari. A illo se adjunge le obra graphic, con plus de 3.000 labores lassate, le 26 annos de direction del theatro de Weimar e, non ultimemente, le planification del «[[Casa Roman (Weimar)|Casa Roman]]» in le [[Parco al Ilm]].<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore''. Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Francoforte super le Main 2004, p. 7. Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra d’arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 534.</ref> Su obra es traversate e penetrate per su conceptiones del natura e del religion e per su comprehension aesthetic.
=== Lyric ===
{{AP|Lyric de Goethe}}
De su juventute usque a su etate senile, Goethe esseva un poeta lyric. Con su poemas ille marcava le epochas litterari del [[Tempesta e Impetu]] e del [[Classicismo de Weimar]]. Un grande parte de su lyric attingeva renom mondial e pertine al parte le plus importante del [[Canone del litteratura|canone lyric]] del [[litteratura de lingua german]].
Durante circa 65 annos ille scribeva plus de 3.000 [[Lyric|poemas]], que appareva in parte independentemente e in parte in [[Ciclo de poemas|cyclos]], como le ''[[Elegias Roman|Elegias Roman]]'', le ''Ciclo de sonettos'', le ''[[Divan occidental-oriental|Divan occidental-oriental]]'' o le ''Trilogia del passion''. Le obra lyric monstra un varietate stupefaciente de formas e de expression e corresponde al extension de su experientia interior. A latere de poemas longe, con plure centos de [[Verso (poesia)|versos]], il ha curte [[Couplet (versification)|coupletos]], a latere de versos de alte complexitate linguistic e [[Metaphora|metaphoric]] il ha proverbios simple, a latere de metros stricte e de imitation antique il ha stropha con character de [[canto]] o derisori, assi como poemas sin [[Rima|rimas]] in [[Rhythmos libere|rhythmos libere]]. Con le totalitate de su obra lyric, Goethe «creava vermente per le prime vice» le poema de lingua german e lassava modelos con le quales quasi tote le poetas posterior se mesurava.<ref>Bernd Witte: ''Preliminar, interpretationes.'' In: Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Poemas.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2005, p. 5.</ref>
In su production lyric Goethe faceva su proprie, con virtuositate [[Versification|metric]], tote le formas de iste genere litterari cognoscite del [[Litteratura mundial|litteratura mundial]] ancian e moderne. Su capacitate de expression poetic deveniva pro ille tanto natural «como mangiar e respirar».<ref>John R. Williams: ''Goethe le poeta.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (ed.): ''Le Companion de Cambridge a Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 42.</ref> In le compilation de su poemas, ille rarmente procedeva chronologicamente, sed secundo criterios de [[Coherentia (linguistica)|coherentia thematic]], per le qual le poemas individual se completava reciprocamente, ma poteva etiam contradicer se. Isto pone le investigation goethian, in le publication de su obra lyric in editiones complete critic, ante grande problemas. Un division que se revelava influente e es facilemente accessibile es illo de [[Erich Trunz]] in le ''Edition de Hamburg''.<ref>John R. Williams: ''Goethe le poeta.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (ed.): ''Le Companion de Cambridge a Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, pp. 43 f.</ref> Le duo volumines edite per Trunz es organisate in le prime volumine, ''Poemas e epicos I'', in un ordine facilemente chronologic: ''Poemas juvene'', ''Tempesta e Impetu'', ''Poemas del prime annos del etate viril'', ''Le tempore del classicismo'', ''Obras del etate senile''. Le secunde volumine, ''Poemas e epicos II'', contine le ''Divan occidental-oriental'' e le poemas epic ''Reineke Fuchs'', ''Hermann e Dorothea'' e ''Achilleis''.
=== Epica ===
Le obra epic de Goethe comprende, como le dramatic, quasi tote le formas del litteratura epic: le [[Fabula|fabula]] animal ''([[Reineke Fuchs]])'', le [[Epopeia|epopeia]] in versos ''([[Hermann e Dorothea]])'', le [[Novella]] ''([[Novella (Goethe)|Novella]])'', le [[Romanzo]] ''([[Affinitates elective]]'', ''[[Annos de apprendimento de Wilhelm Meister]] e ''[[Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister|Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister]])'' e le [[Romanzo epistolar|romanzo epistolar]] ''([[Le dolores del juvene Werther]])'', le [[Relation de viage|relation de viage]] ''([[Viage italian]])'' e [[Autobiographia|scriptos autobiographic]] ''([[De mi vita. Poesia e veritate|Poesia e veritate]]'', ''[[Campania in Francia]])''.
Le prime romanzo de Goethe, ''Le dolores del juvene Werther'', deveniva un del plus grande successos del historia del litteratura german. Le autor usava un forma narrative typic pro le 18e seculo, le [[Romanzo epistolar]]. Ma ille radicalisava iste [[Genere litterari|genere]], perque ille non presentava un intercambio de cartas inter le personas del romanzo, sed scribeva un romanzo epistolar monologic.<ref>Entrata ''Le dolores del juvene Werther.'' In: Frank Rainer Max, Christine Ruhrberg (eds.): ''Lexico de romanzos de Reclam.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, p. 335.</ref> In ''Poesia e veritate'' ille confessa que con le romanzo ille usava pro le prime vice su vita in maniera poetic.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra d’arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 152.</ref> Con le representation [[Sensibilitate|sensibile]] de su historia amorose non complite con Charlotte Buff in Wetzlar, ille provocava un ver [[Werther|«moda Werther»]]. On se vestiva como ille (redingote blau, pantalones jalne, botas brun), parlava e scribeva como ille. Il habeva etiam numerose imitatores [[Suicidio|suicidari]], pro le quales le suicidio de Werther serviva de modello (vide [[Effetto Werther]]). Su prime renom europee Goethe lo debeva a iste romanzo, que in 1800 esseva disponibile in le majoritate del linguas europee.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Francoforte super le Main 2004, p. 208.</ref> Mesmo [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]] mentionava iste libro durante le rencontre historic con Goethe le 2 de octobre 1808 in Erfurt.<ref>Gustav Seibt: ''Goethe e Napoleon. Un rencontre historic.'' C. H. Beck, München 2008, pp. 131–135.</ref>
Un position central in le obra epic de Goethe es occupate per le romanzos de ''Wilhelm Meister''. Le romanzo ''Annos de apprendimento de Wilhelm Meister'' esseva considerate per le romanticos como un evento epocal e un «[[Paradigma]] del romanzo romantic» (Novalis),<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Classicismo de Weimar. Portrait de un epocha.'' Nove edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 345.</ref> e per le narratores realistas como le «initio del historia del [[Romanzo de formation|romanzo de formation]] e del [[Romanzo de evolution|romanzo de evolution]]» in le area de lingua german.<ref>Entrata ''Annos de apprendimento de Wilhelm Meister.'' In: Frank Rainer Max, Christine Ruhrberg (eds.): ''Lexico de romanzos de Reclam.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, p. 339.</ref> Specialmente pro narratores realistas como [[Karl Immermann]], [[Gottfried Keller]] e [[Adalbert Stifter]], e plus tarde etiam [[Wilhelm Raabe]] e [[Theodor Fontane]], illo serviva como paradigma pro le reproduction poetic del realitate real.<ref name="Gerhard Hoffmeister 2002">Gerhard Hoffmeister: ''Reception in Germania e al exterior.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (ed.): ''Le Companion de Cambridge a Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, p. 238.</ref> In contrasto, le obra tarde ''Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister'' appare, per su forma aperte, con le tendentia a renunciar al instancia de contento de un heroe central e de un narrator omnisciente, como un «obra d’arte altemente moderne», que offere al lector «un multitude de possibilitates de [[Reception (arte)|reception]]».<ref>Entrata ''Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister.'' In: Frank Rainer Max, Christine Ruhrberg (eds.): ''Lexico de romanzos de Reclam.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, p. 346.</ref> Le precursor ''[[Mission theatral de Wilhelm Meister]]'', publicate solmente post mortem (1911) — un fragmentari «Urmeister» — es ancora plus proxime, quanto al contento, al [[Tempesta e Impetu]] e es classificate formalmente in le genere del romanzo theatral e del [[Romanzo de artista|romanzo de artista]].<ref>Entrata ''Mission theatral de Wilhelm Meister.'' In: Frank Rainer Max, Christine Ruhrberg (eds.): ''Lexico de romanzos de Reclam.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 335 f.</ref> Le romanticos habeva ja recipite ''Annos de apprendimento de Wilhelm Meister'' sub iste [[Genere litterari|genere]].<ref name="Gerhard Hoffmeister 2002" />
Le ''Affinitates elective'' esseva designate per Goethe, in un conversation, como su «melior libro».<ref>Transmitte per [[Heinrich Laube]], hic citate secundo: Walter Benjamin: ''Le affinitates elective de Goethe.'' In: Idem: ''Illuminationes. Scriptos seligite.'' Edition de tasca. Suhrkamp, Francoforte super le Main 1977, p. 101.</ref> In un sorta de arrangiamento experimental, ille reuni duo pares, cuje destino legate al natura ille forma secundo le modello de fortias chimic de attraction e repulsion, applicante lor regularitate al relationes inter le duo pares. Un [[Ambivalentia|ambivalentia]] de formas de vita moral e de passiones enigmatic determina le action del romanzo. Le romanzo rememora le prime romanzo de Goethe, le ''Werther'', principalmente per le «exigentia amorose absolute, mesmo sin consideration» de un del personas principal (Eduard), «in contrasto con le renunciation autocontrolate» del altere.<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Classicismo de Weimar. Portrait de un epocha.'' Edition actualisate. Beltz Athenäum, Weinheim 1998, p. 529.</ref> [[Thomas Mann]] lo considerava «le obra ideal de Goethe»,<ref>Thomas Mann: ''A proposito del Affinitates elective de Goethe.'' In: Idem: ''Scriptos e discursos super litteratura, arte e philosophia.'' Prime volumine. Fischer, München 1968, p. 243.</ref> le sol producto de grande extension que Goethe, secundo su proprie testimonio, habeva «elaborate secundo le representation de un idea dominante».<ref name="Insel Verlag 1981" /> Le obra aperiva le serie de romanzos europee super le matrimonio e le [[Adulterio|adulterio]]: le ''[[Madame Bovary]]'' de Flaubert, le ''[[Anna Karenina]]'' de Tolstoj, le ''[[Effi Briest]]'' de Fontane. Illo esseva criticate como immoral, ben que le autor face compler le adulterio solmente in le pensamento.
Le ''Viage italian'' esseva publicate per Goethe decennios post su viage. Illo non es un libro de viage in le senso usual, sed un representation de se mesme in le incontro con le sud, un parte de autobiographia. In su prime impression illo appareva in 1816–1817 como «Secunde parte» de su autobiographia ''De mi vita'', cuje «Prime parte» contineva ''Poesia e veritate''. Como base Goethe usava su diario de viage italian, inviate a [[Charlotte von Stein]] in series irregular, e le cartas de ille tempore a illa e a Herder. Solmente in 1829 le obra appareva sub le titulo ''Viage italian'' con un secunde parte: «Secunde residentia roman». Ibi cartas original redigite alterna con reportos scribite plus tarde.<ref>''Postface'' a Goethe: ''Viage italian'' (edition jubilar secundo le texto del volumine 11 del edition de Hamburg). C. H. Beck, München 2007, pp. 574–578.</ref>
Con ''[[De mi vita. Poesia e veritate|Poesia e veritate]]'' Goethe in le prime decennio del 19e seculo incipeva le redaction de un grande autobiographia. Su conception original esseva un historia de formation del poeta stilisate como metamorphose. Durante le labor super le tertie parte, ille entrava in un crise con iste modello interpretative; ille lo substitueva per le categoria del «Demonic», con le qual ille cercava apprehender le aspecto incontrollabile de un connexion superpotente del natura e del historia.<ref>Entrata: ''De mi vita. Poesia e veritate.'' In: Frank Rainer Max, Christine Ruhrberg (eds.): ''Lexico de romanzos de Reclam.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 2000, p. 343.</ref> Le representation non ultrapassava le description del infantia, juventute, studios e prime successos litterari.
=== Dramatic ===
Desde su juventute usque a su ultime annos Goethe scribeva plus de vinti [[Drama|drammas]], inter le quales ''[[Götz von Berlichingen (Goethe)|Götz von Berlichingen]]'', ''[[Clavigo]]'', ''[[Egmont (Goethe)|Egmont]]'', ''[[Stella (Goethe)|Stella]]'', ''[[Iphigenia in Tauride]]'', ''[[Torquato Tasso (Goethe)|Torquato Tasso]]'' e specialmente le duo partes de ''[[Faust. Un tragedia|Faust]]'' pertine ancora hodie al [[Repertorio|repertorio]] classic del theatros german. Ben que su obras theatral comprende tote le extension del formas theatral — [[Pastoralia|joco pastoral]], [[Farça (theatro)|farça]], [[Farsa|farsa]], [[Comedia]], drama [[Heroe|heroic]], [[Tragedia|tragedia]] — le drammas e tragedias classic tamen constitue le centro de su production dramatic. Tres de su obras theatral deveniva pivotes del litteratura dramatic german.
Con le drama del Tempesta e Impetu ''Götz von Berlichingen con le mano de ferro'', Goethe obteneva su successo como dramaturgo; illo lo rendeva celebre de un die al altere.<ref>''Nove Lexico litterari de Kindler.'' Volumine 6, p. 472.</ref> Contemporaneos videva in illo «aliquid del spirito de Shakespeare», e mesmo in Goethe le «Shakespeare german».<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Francoforte super le Main 2004, p. 175.</ref> Ultra le «[[Saluto svebe|citation de Götz]]», etiam le exclamation «Es un voluptuositate vider un grande homine», referite al persona principal, entrava in le vocabulario proverbial del germanos. Un altere drama historic, ''[[Egmont (Goethe)|Egmont]]'', es equalmente organisate circa un character dominante singular, anque ille in un function representative del autor, qui considerava su obras como «fragmentos de un grande confession».<ref>David V. Pugh: ''Goethe le dramaturgo.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (ed.): ''Le Companion de Cambridge a Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, ISBN 0-521-66560-4, p. 66.</ref>
Le drama ''[[Iphigenia in Tauride]]'' es considerate exemplar pro le [[Classicismo (litteratura)|classicismo]] de Goethe. Goethe mesme lo qualificava, in un conversation con Schiller, como «completemente diabolicamente human».<ref>''Correspondentia inter Schiller e Goethe – Secunde volumine. Goethe a Schiller, 19 de januario 1802'' {{projekt-gutenberg.org |a=johann-wolfgang-von-goethe |w=briefwechsel-zwischen-schiller-und-goethe-zweiter-band |n=999 |x=Correspondentia inter Schiller e Goethe. 2e volumine |Wex=goethe/brschil2/chap005 |Tex=Correspondentia inter Schiller e Goethe – Secunde volumine. Goethe a Schiller, 19 de januario 1802}}{{PGDW/Migration}}</ref> [[Friedrich Gundolf]] videva in illo mesmo le «Evangelio del humanitate german in senso absolute».<ref>[[Friedrich Gundolf]]: ''Goethe''. Bondi, Berlin 1918, p. 318.</ref> Le version original in prosa esseva transformate in le version definitive (1787), como ''[[Torquato Tasso (Goethe)|Torquato Tasso]]'', completate al mesme tempore e designate como le «prime drama pur de artista del litteratura mundial»,<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Commentario'' a Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Drammas 1776–1790.'' Edition de Frankfurt, prime section, volumine 5, Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Francoforte super le Main 1988, p. 1416.</ref> in versos blanc.
Le tragedia ''Faust'', super le qual Goethe laborava durante plus de sexanta annos, es designate per le [[Albrecht Schöne|experto de Faust]] e editor del volumine con le poemas de ''Faust'' in le edition de Frankfurt, [[Albrecht Schöne]], como le «summa de su arte poetic».<ref>[[Albrecht Schöne]]: ''Preliminarios a le poesia de Faust de Goethe.'' In: Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Faust. Commentarios.'' Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1999, p. 11.</ref> Con ''Faust'' Goethe repriseva un [[Materia de Faust|materia de Faust]] del Renaissance super le [[Hybris]] del homine e lo accentuava verso le question de si le aspiration al cognoscentia pote esser reconciliate con le desiro de felicitate.<ref>[[Hans Robert Jauß]]: ''Experientia aesthetic e hermeneutica litterari.'' Suhrkamp, Francoforte super le Main 1991, ISBN 3-518-28555-6, pp. 513 f.</ref> [[Heinrich Heine]] nominava le drama de ''Faust'' «le biblia secular del germanos».<ref>Heinrich Heine: ''Obras complete. Volumine III'': ''Scriptos super litteratura e politica I.'' Con annotationes de Uwe Scheikert. 2a edition. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1992, p. 299.</ref> Le philosopho [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] laudava le drama como le «tragedia philosophic absolute», in le qual «de un latere le insatisfaction in le scientia, del altere le vitalitate del vita del mundo e del jouissance terren […] da un extension del contento tal qual in un mesme obra […] nulle altere poeta dramatic habeva osate antea».<ref>Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: ''Aesthetic.'' Volumine II. Aufbau, Berlin 1955, p. 574.</ref> Post le [[Fundation del Imperio German|fundation del Imperio German]], Faust esseva elevate al rango de «mytho national», de «[[Incarnation]] del essentia german e del conscientia de mission german».<ref>Albrecht Schöne: ''Preliminarios a le poesia de Faust de Goethe.'' In: Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Faust. Commentarios.'' Deutscher Klassiker-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1999, pp. 37 f.</ref> Interpretationes plus recente reduse le optimismo interpretative traditional del «Faustian» con su figura exemplar del impetu infatigabile verso le perfection e indica in vice isto le «prohibition del reposo» e le «compulsion al movimento» del character moderne del «Faust Global Player».<ref>Exemplarmente: Michael Jaeger: ''Faust Global Player o le disparition del presente. Super le actualitate de Goethe.'' 2a edition. Siedler, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-937989-34-1.</ref>
Le theoria del theatro de [[Johann Christoph Gottsched]], fixate super le [[Drama regulate|drama francese]] (principalmente illo de [[Pierre Corneille]] e [[Jean Racine|Jean Baptiste Racine]]), esseva rejectate per Goethe, como ja ante ille per [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]]. Post que Herder lo habeva familiarisate in Strasbourg con le drammas de Shakespeare, al Stürmer e Dränger que ille esseva, le unitate de loco, action e tempore exigite per Gottsched secundo [[Aristotele]] appareva «ansiosamente carcereal» e «cadenas molestissime pro nostre imagination».<ref>Citate secundo Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra d’arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 99. Vide le original: Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Pro le die de Shakespeare'', [[s:Pro le die de Shakespeare|online a Wikisource]].</ref> Con le narration de Götz von Berlichingen super su vita, un materia le cadeva in le manos que, como «materia [[Nationalismo german|german-national]] […] correspondeva al materia anglo-national de Shakespeare».<ref>Otto Mann: ''Historia del drama german'' (= ''[[Edition de tasca de Kröner]].'' Volumine 296). Kröner, Stuttgart 1960, {{DNB|453202950}}, p. 205.</ref> Le forma dramatic aperte eligite in ''Götz'' Goethe tamen osava usar ancora solmente in ''Faust''.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Francoforte super le Main 2004, p. 144.</ref> Secundo Albrecht Schöne, le drama ja in su prime parte «sortiva del ordinari articulos dramatic» del «regulas traditional aristotelic de unitate»; in le secunde parte le «signos de dissolution» esseva «impossibile de non vider».<ref>Albrecht Schöne: ''Preliminarios a le poesia de Faust de Goethe.'' In: Johann Wolfgang Goethe: ''Faust. Commentarios.'' Deutscher Klassiker-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1999, p. 44.</ref> Le drammas posterior al ''Götz'' se approximava — sub le influentia de Lessing — al drama burgese ''([[Stella (Goethe)|Stella]], [[Clavigo]])'' e al formas classic, le ultime le plus evidentemente in ''Iphigenia'', ubi le unitate del loco (bosco ante le templo de Diana) e del tempore es preservate.<ref>Otto Mann: ''Historia del drama german.'' Kröner, Stuttgart 1960, pp. 211 e 225.</ref>
=== Scriptos super arte e litteratura ===
Comenciante con su obras juvenil, Goethe se exprimeva durante tote su vita super questiones de arte e litteratura. Al initio esseva duo «prosahymnos» del prime annos del decennio 1770: le ''Discurso al die de Shakespeare'' (1771) e le hymno al cathedral de Strasbourg e a su constructor [[Erwin von Steinbach]] con le scripto ''[[De le architectura german|De architectura german]]'' (1772).<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Francoforte super le Main 2004, p. 143.</ref> In su etate senile ille scribeva un appreciation detaliate del pictura de [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo]], ''Le Cena'' (1818),<ref>''Joseph Bossi super le Cena de Leonardo da Vinci a Milano''. In: ''Super arte e antiquitate.'' Prime volumine, tertie quaderno, martio 1818.</ref> in le qual ille negligebat le character sacramental del obra e monstrava in illo, como exemplo, le autonomia artistic con su proprie legalitate interior.<ref>Entrata ''Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)''. In: Andreas Beyer, Ernst Osterkamp (eds.): ''Manual de Goethe''. Supplementos, volumine 3: ''Arte''. Metzler, Stuttgart 2011, pp. 509–511, hic 510.</ref> Inter iste obras se trovava numerose labores super theoria del arte e del litteratura, como le essayo ''Super Laocoon'', publicate in 1798 in le prime volumine de su revista ''[[Propileos (revista)|Propileos]]'', e le traduction del autobiographia del artista italian del [[Renaissance]], ''Vita de Benvenuto Cellini'' (1803), insimul con le obra collective ''Winckelmann e su seculo. In cartas e essayos'' (1805), edite per ille e continente su esquissos super le persona e le obra de Winckelmann, assi como numerose essayos super le litteratura europee e extraeuropee, que confirmava le conception de Goethe de un [[Litteratura mundial|litteratura mundial]] emergente.
=== Cartas ===
Secundo le judicio de Nicholas Boyle, Goethe esseva «un del plus grande scriptores de cartas del mundo»; le carta esseva pro ille le «forma litterari le plus natural». Circa 12.000 cartas de ille e 20.000 a ille se ha conservate.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Francoforte super le Main 2004, pp. 7, 108.</ref> Solmente le importante correspondentia inter Goethe e Schiller comprende 1015 cartas conservate.<ref>Fundation Classic de Weimar: [http://www.klassik-stiftung.de/forschung/digitale-dokumente/digitalisierte-bestaende/goethe-schiller-briefwechsel/ Correspondentia Goethe-Schiller]</ref> Circa un millia e cinquecentos cartas esseva dirigite per ille a Charlotte von Stein.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra d’arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 203.</ref>
=== Designos ===
[[File:Goethe, Die Solfatara von Pozzuoli, 1787.jpg|thumb|''Le [[Solfatara]] de [[Pozzuoli]],'' [[Lavatura|designo a tinta lavate]] per [[Pictura a tinta|tinta]] de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1787]]
Durante tote su vita Goethe designava, «preferentemente con [[Crayon|graphite]], carbon, craie e tinta colorate», e il ha etiam alcun [[Acquaforte|acquafortes]] juvenile conservate.<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Le poeta in su tempore.'' Volumine I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Francoforte super le Main 2004, pp. 84 f.</ref> Su subjectos preferite esseva retratos de capites, scenas theatral e paisages. Centos de designos nasceva durante su prime viage in [[Suissa]] con le [[Stolberg (familia nobiliar)|fratres Stolberg]] in 1775 e durante su viage italian de 1786–1788. In Roma su colleghas artistas le inseniava le pictura e designo in perspectiva e le motivava a studiar le anatomia human. Assi ille acquireva cognoscentias de anatomia presso le famose chirurgo [[Johann Friedrich Lobstein (medico, 1736)|Lobstein]].<ref>Volker Hesse: [https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/12756/Auxiologie-und-Anatomie-bei-Goethe-Groesser-als-die-Zeitgenossen ''Auxiologia e anatomia presso Goethe: plus grande que su contemporaneos.''] In: ''Deutsches Ärzteblatt.'' Volumine 95, quaderno 34–35, 1998, p. A 2038 (B 1725, C 1621).</ref> Tamen, in isto campo, ille recognosceva tamben su limites.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe. Obra d’arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 339.</ref>
=== Scriptos scientifico-natural ===
[[File:Goethe Ginkgo Biloba.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Ginkgo#In der Literatur|Ginkgo biloba]];'' Goethe preparava de iste poema — con le addition de duo folios siccate de ginkgo — un version fair copiate separate in 1815; prime version sub [[Gingo biloba]]]]
[[File:Goethe, Farbenkreis zur Symbolisierung des menschlichen Geistes- und Seelenlebens, 1809.jpg|thumb|upright|''Circulo de colores pro le symbolisation del vita del spirito e del anima human,'' designo a penna aquarellate de Goethe, 1809]]
Le medio de Goethe pro cognoscer le natura esseva le observation; ille se monstrava diffidente verso instrumentos como le [[Microscopio|microscopio]]:
{{Citation|Le homine in se mesme, in tanto que ille usa su sensos san, es le apparato physic le plus grande e le plus exacte que pote exister; e isto es precisemente le major mal del physica moderne, que on ha quasi separate le experimentos del homine e vole cognoscer le natura solmente in lo que monstra le instrumentos artificial, e mesmo restringer e provar per illos lo que le natura pote facer.|Johann Wolfgang Goethe, ''Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister.''<ref>''Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister'' {{projekt-gutenberg.org |a=johann-wolfgang-von-goethe |w=johann-wolfgang-goethe-wilhelm-meisters-wanderjahre |n=999 |x=Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister |Wex=goethe/meisterw/mstw401b |Tex=Annos de peregrination de Wilhelm Meister}}{{PGDW/Migration}}</ref>}}
Il aspirava a cognoscer le natura in su connexion total, includente le homine. Le abstraction, que le scientia comenciava tunc a usar, Goethe considerava con diffidentia propter le isolation del objectos ab le observator que illo implicava. Su methodo tamen non es compatibile con le moderne scientia natural exacte: {{" |ille […] non ha ultrapassate le dominio del impression immediatemente sensorial e del intuition immediatemente spiritual in direction de un legalitate abstracte, mathematicamente verificabile e insensibile, |Autor=[[Karl Robert Mandelkow]] |ref=<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Germania: historia del reception de un classic.'' Volumine 1: ''1773–1918''. C. H. Beck, München 1980, ISBN 3-406-07907-5, p. 183 (Hermann von Helmholtz: ''Super le labores scientifico-natural de Goethe'').</ref>}} constatava le physico [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] in 1853.
Le occupation de Goethe con le scientia natural entrava frequentemente in su poesia, per exemplo in ''Faust'' e in le poemas ''Le metamorphose del plantas'' e ''[[Gingo biloba]]''. Le ''Faust'', que occupava Goethe durante tote su vita, registra pro le philosopho [[Alfred Schmidt (philosopho)|Alfred Schmidt]] «le succession de stratos petrose, le stades de su cognoscentia del natura».<ref name="Alfred Schmidt 1998" />
Goethe imaginava le natura vivente como essente in transformation constante. Assi, in le [[Botanica|botanica]], ille tentava primo reducer le differente species de plantas a un forma fundamental commun, le «[[Planta primordial|planta primordial]]», ex le qual tote le species se haberea developpate. Plus tarde ille dirigeva su attention al planta individual e credeva recognoscer que le partes del flor e le fructo es in ultime analyse folios transformate. Ille publicava le resultatos de su observationes in le scripto ''[[Essay pro explicar le metamorphose del plantas]]'' (1790).<ref>''Essay pro explicar le metamorphose del plantas'' {{projekt-gutenberg.org |a=johann-wolfgang-von-goethe |w=der-versuch-die-metamorphose-der-pflanzen-zu-erklaeren |x=Le essay pro explicar le metamorphose del plantas |Wex=goethe/metamorp/metamorp |Tex=Essay pro explicar le metamorphose del plantas}}{{PGDW/Migration}} ISBN 3-927795-32-1.</ref> In le [[Anatomia|anatomia]], Goethe, in 1784 e insimul con le professor de anatomia [[Justus Christian Loder]], per su grande gaudio faceva le (supposite) discoperta del [[Os intermaxillar|os intermaxillar]] presso le [[Embryo|embrion]] human.<ref>Klaus Seehafer: ''Mi vita, un sol aventura. Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Biographia.'' Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1998, p. 180.</ref> Le os intermaxillar, cognoscite al epocha presso altere mammiferos, se fusiona presso le homine ante le nascentia con le ossos adjacente del maxilla superior. Su existentia presso le homine esseva negate per le majoritate del anatomistas de ille tempore. Ma ja quatro annos ante le observation de Goethe, le anatomista francese [[Félix Vicq d’Azyr]] habeva reportate ante le [[Académie des sciences|Académie Royale des Sciences]] super su existentia in un [[Feto|feto]] human.<ref>Manfred Wenzel, Mihaela Zaharia: ''1776, 1781–1788: <span style="font-family:serif;">Contribution al historia natural pro le Fragmentos physiognomic de Lavater</span> – <span style="font-family:serif;">Essay del osteologia comparative que le os intermaxillar del maxilla superior es commun al homine e al altere animales</span> – Labor super le os intermaxillar – Studios in Italia: evolution e epigenese.'' In: Manfred Wenzel (ed.): ''Manual de Goethe. Supplementos.'' Volumine 2: ''Scientias natural.'' Metzler, Stuttgart/Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-01983-7, pp. 10–18, hic p. 11.</ref> Su demonstration presso le homine esseva considerate al epocha un indicio importante de su parentela — negate per multe scientistas — con le animales.<ref>Rüdiger Safranski: ''Goethe – Obra d’arte del vita. Biographia.'' Hanser, München 2013, p. 299.</ref>
Su ''[[Theoria del colores (Goethe)|Theoria del colores]]'' (publicate in 1810) Goethe considerava como su obra principal de scientia natural e defendava tenacemente le theses que illo contineva contra numerose criticos. In su etate senile ille declarava que ille estimava le valor de iste obra plus alte que illo de su poesia. Con le ''Theoria del colores'' Goethe se opponeva a illo de [[Isaac Newton]], qui habeva demonstrate que le lumine blanc es componite de [[Color spectral|lumines de differente colores]]. Goethe, in vice, credeva poter concluder ex su proprie observationes «que le lumine es un unitate indivisibile e que le colores nasce del interaction inter clar e obscur, lumine e tenebras, e isto per le mediation de un medio “turbide”». Assi, per exemplo, le sol appare rubie quando un strato turbid de nebula se expande ante illo e lo obscura.<ref>Karl Otto Conrady: ''Goethe. Vita e obra.'' Nove edition in un sol volumine. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994, p. 841.</ref> Ja in le tempore de Goethe on recognosceva tamen que iste phenomenos pote tamben esser explicate per le theoria de Newton. Le ''Theoria del colores'' esseva ja tosto rejectate in su nucleo per le mundo specialisate, ma exerceva un grande influentia super le pictores contemporanee e posterior, specialmente [[Philipp Otto Runge]]. In plus, Goethe se revelava assi como un «pionero del [[Psychologia del colores|psychologia scientific del colores]]». Hodie on concede «in parte ration e in parte torto tanto a Newton como a Goethe»; ambes investigadores es «exemplos de typos differente de labor experimental intra le systema del scientia natural moderne».<ref>Helga W. Kraft: ''Le theoria del colores de Goethe e ''Le conto''. Magia o scientia del colores?'' In: Monika Schausten (ed.): ''Le colores de mundos imaginabile. Pro un historia cultural de lor codification in le litteratura e le arte ab le Medievo usque al presente.'' Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-05-005081-2, p. 92.</ref>
In le [[Geologia|geologia]], Goethe se occupava principalmente del construction de un collection de [[Mineral|minerales]], que al momento de su morte habeva crescite a 17.800 petras. Per le cognoscentia individual del typos de rocca ille voleva obtener comprehensiones general super le composition material del Terra e le historia del Terra. Ille sequeva con grande interesse le nove cognoscentias del [[Chemia|investigation chimic]]. In le quadro de su responsabilitate pro le Universitate de Jena, ille fundava le prime catedra de chemia in un institution de alte education german.
=== Transcriptiones de conversationes ===
Pro le [[Studios goethian|studios goethian]] es de grande importantia le extensive transcriptiones de [[Johann Peter Eckermann]] in ''Conversationes con Goethe durante le ultime annos de su vita'',<ref>Johann Peter Eckermann: ''Conversationes con Goethe. Texto e commentario.'' Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, Francoforte super le Main 1999. Edition de tasca 2011, ISBN 978-3-618-68050-5.</ref> le ''Conversationes de Goethe con le cancellero [[Friedrich von Müller (politico)|Friedrich von Müller]]''<ref>Friedrich von Müller: ''Conversationes con Goethe.'' C. H. Beck, München 1982, ISBN 3-406-08497-4.</ref> e le ''Communicationes super Goethe'' de [[Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer]],<ref>Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer: ''Communicationes super Goethe.'' 2 volumines. 1841. [https://archive.org/details/mitteilungenbe00riem Communicationes super Goethe; edite per Arthur Pollmer (1921) sur le base del edition de 1841 e del hereditate manuscripte]</ref> que es de grande importantia pro le comprehension del obra e del personalitate de Goethe. Le transcriptiones publicate per Eckermann post le morte de Goethe in duo partes in 1836 e un tertie parte in 1848 comprende le periodo 1823–1832. Le cancellero von Müller, qui esseva amico de Goethe e que ille habeva designate como su executor testamentari, redigeva in 1808 le prime ''Conversation con Goethe''. Durante le annos sequente sequeva altere reportos de conversationes, primo in su diario e postea elaborate sur folios separate. Duo discursos commemorative super Goethe, publicate ja durante su vita in 1832, monstrava le ricchessa de su notas goethian,<ref>{{NDB|18|375|377|Müller, Friedrich von (Adel 1807)|Renate Grumach|117580104}}</ref> que tamen esseva publicate collectemente solmente in 1870 post mortem, ex su hereditate.<ref>''Conversationes de Goethe con le cancellero Friedrich von Müller.'' Edite per C. A. H. Burckhardt. Cotta, Stuttgart 1870 ([http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11001483_00001.html digitalisat]).</ref> Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, universalista del linguas e bibliothecario in Weimar, esseva al servicio de Goethe durante tres decennios, primo como tutor domestic de su filio August, postea como scriptor e secretario. Immediatemente post le morte de Goethe ille publicava su correspondentia con Zelter e participava al grande editiones del obras. Su ''Communicationes'' appareva pro le prime vice in 1841 in duo volumines.
=== Traductiones ===
Goethe esseva un traductor assiduo e versatile. Ille transfereva obras del francese ([[Voltaire]], [[Pierre Corneille|Corneille]], [[Jean Racine]], [[Denis Diderot|Diderot]], [[Anne Louise Germaine de Staël|de Staël]]), del anglese ([[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], [[James Macpherson|Macpherson]], [[George Gordon Byron|Lord Byron]]), del italiano ([[Benvenuto Cellini]], [[Alessandro Manzoni|Manzoni]]), del espaniol ([[Pedro Calderón de la Barca|Calderón]]) e del grec ancian ([[Pindaro|Pindar]], [[Homero]], [[Sophocles]], [[Euripides]]). Ille traduceva de novo etiam del Biblia le [[Cantico del canticos|Cantico del Canticos]] de [[Salomon]].<ref>[http://www.deutsche-liebeslyrik.de/lied/h_l_goethe_1775.htm ''Le Cantico del Canticos de Salomon.'' In le traduction de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe].</ref>
{{AP|Lista del traductiones de Goethe}}
== Reception ==
[[File:MK38275 Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal]] in Weimar]]
Goethe es considerate un autor «que quasi como nulle altere ha influentiate in tote le campos del vita in tote le mundo e ha lassate su marcas formante».<ref>[[Karl Robert Mandelkow]]: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, ISBN 3-406-07907-5, S. 11.</ref>
=== Reception durante su vita in le pais e al exterior ===
Con ''Götz von Berlichingen'' (prime impression 1773, prime representation 1774), Goethe obteneva un successo fulminante apud le publico literariemente cultivate ja ante le prime representation al [[Döbbelinsches Theater|Berliner Comödienhaus]]. Pro Nicholas Boyle, ille esseva «a partir de iste momento e durante le resto de su longe vita un figura public, e multo tosto on videva in ille le representante plus eminente de un movimento»,<ref>Nicholas Boyle: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, S. 176.</ref> que in le 19e seculo esseva appellate ''Sturm und Drang''. Goethe attingeva le culmine de su popularitate a etate de 25 annos con le roman ''Werther''. Le obra attingeva lectores de tote le strata social e provocava un large debatte, pois que illo tractava «problemas religiose, philosophic e socio-politic central», que poneva in question le «principios del ordine de vita burgese».<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland. Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 41.</ref>
Le historiographos german del litteratura divide generalmente le poesia de Goethe in tres periodos: ''Sturm und Drang'', ''Classicismo de Weimar'' e obra del senectute, durante que, foras de Germania, le «epocha de Goethe» es considerate como un unitate e como parte del «epocha del [[Romantik|romanticismo]] europee».<ref name="Hoffmeister233">Gerhard Hoffmeister: ''Reception in Germany and abroad.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, S. 233.</ref> Como opponent del poesia romantic, Goethe esseva e es considerate per le critica litterari german; su parola «Classic es le san, romantic le malade»<ref>Wolfgang von Goethe, ''Maximen und Reflexionen: Über Literatur und Leben.'' [[http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Aphorismen+und+Aufzeichnungen/Maximen+und+Reflexionen/Aus+dem+Nachla%C3%9F/%C3%9Cber+Literatur+und+Leben](http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Aphorismen+und+Aufzeichnungen/Maximen+und+Reflexionen/Aus+dem+Nachla%C3%9F/%C3%9Cber+Literatur+und+Leben) zeno.org] (abgerufen am 20. Januar 2015)</ref> es un del citationes le plus frequentemente reproducite. Iste perspectiva generalisante tamen negligencia le opposition e conduce al imagine de un periodo classic-romantic, de [[Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock|Klopstock]] a [[Heinrich Heine]], in le qual Goethe habe habite le rol importante de romper le conventional classic de origine francese per medio de ideas romantic e practicas poetic innovative.<ref name="Hoffmeister233" />
Le perception que le romanticos german contemporanee habeva de Goethe esseva ambivalente. De un latere, ille esseva le «foco intellectual»<ref>Gerhard Hoffmeister: ''Reception in Germany and abroad.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, S. 237.</ref> del romanticos de Jena, qui le glorificava como «le ver representante del spirito poetic sur le terra» ([[Novalis]]) e su poesia como «le aurora de arte authentic e de belle derein» ([[Friedrich Schlegel]]).<ref>Citate secundo Dieter Borchmeyer: ''Goethe (1749–1832).'' In: [[http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/borchmeyer_goethe.pdf](http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/borchmeyer_goethe.pdf) ''Goethezeitportal.''] Eingestellt am 15. Dezember 2003.</ref> Con lor concepto de ''[[Universalpoesie|poesia universal]]'', illes anticipava le notion de ''[[litteratura universal|litteratura del mundo]]'' de Goethe. Del altere latere, post lor conversion al catolicismo, illes criticava le roman ''Wilhelm Meister'', que antea habeva essite laudate, como «atheismo artistic» (Novalis), e Goethe como «Voltaire german» (Friedrich Schlegel).<ref>Gerhard Hoffmeister: ''Reception in Germany and abroad.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, S. 236.</ref>
Heinrich Heine, equalmente ambivalente ma in un altere maniera, appreciava le personalitate e le poesia de Goethe in su scripto ''[[Die romantische Schule|Le schola romantic]]'': de un latere ille celebrava le como Olympian e «poeta absolute», al qual tote lo que ille scribeva deveniva un «obra de arte complete», comparabile solmente a [[Homer]] e Shakespeare; ma del altere latere ille criticava su indifferentia politic concernente le evolution del populo german.<ref>Heinrich Heine: ''Sämtliche Werke. Band III'': ''Schriften zur Literatur und Politik I.'' Mit Anmerkungen von Uwe Scheikert. 2. Auflage. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1992, S. 294 und 298. Siehe auch Gerhard Hoffmeister: ''Reception in Germany and abroad.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, S. 236 f.</ref>
Con su libro ''De l’Allemagne'' ''([[Über Deutschland|Super Germania]])'', publicate in 1813, [[Anne Louise Germaine de Staël|Madame de Staël]] faceva cognoscer le cultura e le litteratura german a Francia e, in consequentia, anque a Anglaterra e Italia. In iste libro, recipite in tote Europa, illa caracterisava le litteratura german contemporanee como un arte romantic con Weimar como centro e Goethe como figura exemplar,<ref>Gerhard Hoffmeister: ''Reception in Germany and abroad.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, S. 244.</ref> e mesmo como le «maxime poeta german».<ref>Gerhard R. Kaiser: ''Mme de Staël „De l’Allemagne“ und Goethes Überlegungen zur „Weltliteratur“.'' In: ''Goethe-Jahrbuch.'' Band 128, 2011, S. 235.</ref> Solmente postea Weimar deveniva, anque ultra le frontieras german, le symbolo del litteratura german, e «solmente postea le peregrinationes de intellectuales de tote Europa verso le Frauenplan comenciava; solmente postea habeva loco le processos de intercambio international associate con nomines como [[Alessandro Manzoni|Manzoni]], [[Thomas Carlyle|Carlyle]] o [[Walter Scott]]».<ref>Olaf Müller: ''Madame de Staël und Weimar. Europäische Dimensionen einer Begegnung.'' In: Hellmut Th. Seemann (Hrsg.): ''Europa in Weimar. Visionen eines Kontinents.'' Jahrbuch der Klassik Stiftung Weimar 2008, S. 296.</ref> Verso le fin de su vita, Goethe se sentiva minus acceptate per su contemporaneos german que per le contemporaneos estranier con qui ille habeva entrate in intercambio e qui publicava articulos super su obras.<ref>Gerhard Hoffmeister: ''Reception in Germany and abroad.'' In: Lesley Sharpe (Hrsg.): ''The Cambridge Companion to Goethe.'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2002, S. 232.</ref>
=== Transformation del imagine de Goethe ===
Post le morte del poeta e usque al fundation del Reich, le philologia academic de Goethe parlava de «un epocha de distantia e hostilitate verso Goethe» e appellava su centesime anniversario de nascentia le «puncto le plus basse de su reputation in le nation». In facto, inter 1832 e 1871 «nulle biographia de Goethe de valor durabile» esseva publicate.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 85.</ref> Ma, como rapporte Mandelkow, iste periodo del historia del effecto de Goethe formava un «campo de tension inter negation e [[apotheose]]». Le amicos del arte de Weimar e le collaboratores de Goethe — le tres administratores testamentari de su succession (Eckermann, [[Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer|Riemer]], cancellero [[Friedrich von Müller (Politiker)|Friedrich Müller]]) e alteres del circulo proxime — fundava justo post le morte de Goethe le prime «Societate Goethe» e poneva con lor editiones e documentationes del succession «le prime fundamento de un philologia de Goethe».<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 88 f.</ref> Contra iste veneration de Goethe se poneva le appropriation critic de Goethe per Heinrich Heine e [[Ludwig Börne]]. Ambes criticava su «comfort artistic», orientate verso tranquillitate e ordine, in un epocha de [[Restauration (Geschichte)|restauration]] politic; ma, in opposition fundamental a Börne, le amarul «hater de Goethe», Heine appreciava le poesia de Goethe como le plus alte. Pro le [[Junges Deutschland (Literatur)|Jovene Germania]], Goethe remaneva in le umbra de Schiller, cuje tendentias revolutionari correspondeva melio al tempore del [[Vormärz]] que le attitude politic conservator de Goethe.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 104 f., 110 ff.</ref>
Anque un opposition christian, tanto catholic como protestante, se formava contra le vita e obra de Goethe, con specialmente ''Wahlverwandtschaften'' e ''Faust'' como objectos de critica. Con «severitate non dissimulate», varie libellos polemic de partisanos ecclesiastic se dirigeva contra le culto del classic e de Goethe que se delineava durante le ultime tertio del 19e seculo. Le [[jesuita]] Alexander Baumgartner scribeva un vaste presentation de Goethe, in le qual tamen ille caracterisava Goethe como un poeta «brillantemente dotate», ma condemnava su conducta «immoral», su «joie de viver despreoccupate e amor del placer»: «In le medio de un societate christian ille se declarava apertemente pro le paganismo e, con equal apertura, conduceva su vita secundo su principios.»<ref>Referite e citate secundo Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 170 f.</ref>
Post que Goethe ja desde le annos 1860 pertineva al canon de lectura in le scholas german,<ref>Wolfgang Leppmann: ''Goethe und die Deutschen. Vom Nachruhm eines Dichters.'' Kohlhammer, 1962, S. 169 ff.</ref> ille deveniva gradualmente, post le [[Deutsche Reichsgründung|fundation del Reich]] in 1871, le genio del nove Reich. Un exemplo de isto esseva le conferentias de Goethe date per Herman Grimm in 1874/75. Secundo ille, Goethe habeva influentiate «le atmosphera spiritual de Germania […] como un evento telluric, que augmentava nostre calor climatic de tante e tante grados in media». — «Le prosa de Goethe deveniva gradualmente un maniera de expression exemplar pro tote le campos del vita spiritual. Per [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling|Schelling]] illo entrava in le philosophia, per [[Friedrich Carl von Savigny|Savigny]] in le [[Rechtswissenschaft|jurisprudentia]], per [[Alexander von Humboldt]] in le scientias natural, per [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]] in le erudition [[Philologie|philologic]].»<ref>Herman Grimm: ''Goethe. Vorlesungen, gehalten an der Kgl. Universität zu Berlin.'' Erster Band. Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin 1877, S. 2 und 4.</ref>
Un inundation de editiones de Goethe e litteratura secundari super Goethe appareva. Desde 1885, le [[Goethe-Gesellschaft]] se dedica al studio e diffusion del obra de Goethe; inter su membros se trovava le plus alte strata del societate in le pais e al exterior, includite le pare imperial german.
Characteristic pro le culto de Goethe del Imperio esseva le deslocamento del interesse ab le obra de Goethe verso «le obra de arte de su vita ben conducite, animate e ric, ma tamen mantenite completemente in unitate harmoniose»,<ref>[[David Friedrich Strauß]] – Zitiert nach Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 262.</ref> detra le qual le production poetic esseva in risco de disparer del conscientia general. Assi scribeva le scriptor [[Wilhelm Raabe]] in 1880: «Goethe non esseva date al nation german pro le poesia etc., ma ut illa poteva apprender ex su vita un homine complete e plen desde le initio usque al fin.»<ref>Constantin Bauer, Hans Martin Schultz (Hrsg.): ''Raabe-Gedenkbuch zum 90. Geburtstage des Dichters.'' Hermann Klemm, Berlin-Grunewald 1921, [[https://archive.org/stream/raabegedenkbuch00baueuoft#page/138/mode/2up](https://archive.org/stream/raabegedenkbuch00baueuoft#page/138/mode/2up) S. 139.]</ref> Ex le studio del vita de Goethe, considerate exemplar, on sperava obtener consilios e utilitate pro le proprie maniera de viver. Tamen, il habeva anque voces que sublineava le vacuitate del culto de Goethe in partes del population. [[Gottfried Keller]] observava in 1884: «Cata conversation es dominate per le nomine sacrate, cata nove publication super Goethe es applaudite — ma ille mesme non es plus legite, e dunque on non plus cognosce le obras, e le cognoscentia non se continua.»<ref>Citate secundo Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band I: ''1773–1918.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 230.</ref> E [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] scribeva in 1878: «Goethe es in le historia del Germanos un incidente sin consequentias: qui esserea capace, per exemplo, de monstrar un fragmento de Goethe in le politica german del ultime septanta annos!»<ref>Citate secundo Dieter Borchmeyer: ''„Dichtung der Zukunft“? Goethe der Überdeutsche, im Bilde Nietzsches.'' [[http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/borchmeyer_nietzsche.pdf](http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/borchmeyer_nietzsche.pdf) In: Goethezeitportal], S. 1.</ref>
In le [[Weimarer Republik|Republica de Weimar]], Goethe esseva invocate como fundamento spiritual del nove stato. In 1919 le futuro presidente del Reich [[Friedrich Ebert]] proclamava que ora il esseva necessari transformar «le imperialismo in idealismo, le potentia mundial in grandezza spiritual. […] Nos debe tractar le grande problemas social in le spirito in le qual Goethe los comprendeva in le secunde parte de Faust e in ''Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahren''».<ref>Citate secundo Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 9.</ref> Le «spirito de Weimar» esseva opponite al «spirito de Potsdam», considerate superate. Tamen, iste confession non habeva effecto practic. Le sinistra politic criticava le culto del genio de Goethe per medio del «parco natural» de Weimar ([[Egon Erwin Kisch]]). [[Bertolt Brecht]] respondeva in un conversation radiophonic: le classics moriva in le guerra.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 11 f.</ref> [[Herbert Ihering|Herbert Jhering]] considerava, in un conversation con Brecht, le culto de Goethe como funeste pro le theatro german, proque con le venerar le experientias private de Goethe e su horas de pastores on poneva al centro le «experientias private de un strata ascendente […] del burguesia» e promoveva un «arte del experientia incontrolabile».<ref>Bertolt Brecht: ''Gespräch über Klassiker.'' In: B. Brecht: ''Über Klassiker.'' Ausgewählt von Siegfried Unseld. Sammlung Insel. Frankfurt 1963, S. 96.</ref> Tamen, il habeva anque scriptores importante como [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Thomas Mann]] e [[Hugo von Hofmannsthal]], qui opponeva un imagine positive de Goethe al critica del classics per le sinistra. Hermann Hesse demandava in 1932: «Forsan ille esseva vermente, como le marxistas naive qui non le habeva legite pensa, solmente un heroe del burguesia, le co-creatore de un ideologia subordinate e de breve duration, ja desde longe florate?»<ref>[[Hermann Hesse]]: ''Dank an Goethe. Betrachtungen, Rezensionen, Briefe.'' Insel, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-458-33950-7, S. 118.</ref>
A differentia de Schiller, [[Heinrich von Kleist|Kleist]] e [[Friedrich Hölderlin|Hölderlin]], le politica cultural del [[Nationalsozialismus|national-socialismo]] habeva difficultates a appropriar Goethe pro su proprie fines. [[Alfred Rosenberg]] habeva declarate in 1930, in su libro ''[[Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts|Le mytho del 20e seculo]]'', que Goethe non esseva utile pro le veniente «tempore de luctas acerbe», «proque ille detestava le fortia de un idea que forma typos e non recognosceva ni in le vita ni in le poesia un dictatura de un idea».<ref>Citate secundo Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland. Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1989, S. 78.</ref> Tamen, non mancava tentativas de appropriar anque Goethe al ideologia del regime nazi, per exemplo in scriptores como ''Goethes Sendung im Dritten Reich'' (August Raabe, 1934) o ''Goethe im Lichte des neuen Werdens'' (Wilhelm Fehse, 1935). Iste scriptores esseva le fontes principal a que se refereva le officiales del partito, inter illes [[Baldur von Schirach]] in su discurso al inauguration del Festivales de Juventute de Weimar de 1937. Le poesia de ''Faust'' esseva abusate como un reservoir de citationes (specialmente le phrase de Mephisto: «Sanguine es un succo multo particular») e Faust esseva elevate al rango de «figura guida del nove typo de homine national-socialista».<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland. Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1989, S. 81.</ref>
In le duo estados german post 1945, Goethe experientiava un [[Renaissance|renascentia]]. Il appareva ora como representante de un Germania melior e humanista, que pareva capace de transportar le memoria ultra le annos precedente de barbaria. Tamen, le appropriation de Goethe in Oriente e Occidente habeva signos differente. In le [[Deutsche Demokratische Republik|Republica Democratic German]], sub le inspiration principal de [[Georg Lukács]], se stabilisava un interpretation marxista-leninista. Le poeta esseva ora declarate un alliato del Revolution Francese e un precursore del [[Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849|Revolution de 1848/1849]], e su ''Faust'' deveniva un «forza productive pro le erection de un societate socialista».<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1989, S. 190, 213 f.</ref> In contrasto, in le [[Westdeutschland|Republica Federal de Germania]] on inicialmente continuava le imagine traditional de Goethe, id es, le figura de un poeta elevate a mito, «qui pareva esser sortite sin damnification ni alteration del barbaria del previe dece-duo annos del domination nazi».<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1989, S. 135.</ref> Ab le fin del annos 1960, tamen, occurreva un reevaluation del Illumination, del Revolution Francese e del Classicismo de Weimar. Mandelkow parla de un «critica del classicismo» per le [[Neue Linke|Nove Sinistra]], que construeva [[Friedrich Hölderlin]], le «revolutionario fallite», como figura de contraste con Goethe.<ref>Le germanista francese [[Pierre Bertaux]] dava con su libro ''Hölderlin und die Französische Revolution'' (1969) le impulso pro le conferentia de Martin Walser ''Hölderlin zu entsprechen'' (1970) e le peça de Peter Weiss ''Hölderlin'' (1971).</ref> Verso le fin del annos 1970 se delineava un [[Entpolitisierung|depolitisation]] del reception de Goethe per medio de perspective plus objective e un perspective de analyse socio-historic.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1989, S. 238 f.</ref> Con su imagine positive de Goethe e del classicismo, [[Peter Hacks]] esseva un exception in le litteratura del RDA durante le annos 1970.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band II: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1989, S. 232.</ref>
=== Influence super le litteratura e le musica ===
Le influentia de Goethe super le poetas e scriptores germanophone posterior es omnipresente,<ref>Wolfgang Leppmann: ''Goethe und die Deutschen. Vom Nachruhm eines Dichters.'' Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1962, S. 206.</ref> de maniera que hic pote esser mentionate solmente alcun autores qui se occupava particularmente de ille e de su obra.
[[File:DBP 1961 356 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|50-[[Deutsche Mark|Pf]]-[[Dauermarke]] del [[Briefmarken-Jahrgang 1961 der Deutschen Bundespost|Posta Federal German (1961)]] del serie ''[[Bedeutende Deutsche (Briefmarkenserie)|Germanos eminente]]'']]
Le poetas e scriptores del [[Romanticismo]] se ligava al exuberantia emotional del ''Sturm und Drang''. [[Franz Grillparzer]] considerava Goethe su modello e compartiva con ille, ultra certe particularitates de stilo, le aversion al radicalismo politic de qualcunque sorta. [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] venerava Goethe durante tote su vita e se sentiva particularmente como su successor in su attitude skeptic verso Germania e le christianismo. [[Hugo von Hofmannsthal]] considerava que «Goethe pote reimplaciar un cultura complete como fundamento del education» e que «hodie, le sentencias de Goethe in prosa forsan ha plus valor educative que tote le universitates german insimul».<ref>[[Hugo von Hofmannsthal]]: ''Buch der Freunde.'' Mit Quellennachweisen herausgegeben von [[Ernst Zinn (Philologe)|Ernst Zinn]]. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1965, S. 68 und 78.</ref> Il scribeva numerose essays super le obra de Goethe. [[Thomas Mann]] sentiva un profunde sympathia pro Goethe. Il se sentiva congenere a ille non solmente in su rol como poeta, ma anque in un serie de characteristicas e habitos. Thomas Mann scribeva numerose [[Essay|essays]] e articulos super Goethe e pronuntiava le discursos central al celebrationes del anniversario de Goethe in 1932 e 1949. In su roman ''[[Lotte in Weimar]]'' ille face viver le poeta, e con le roman ''[[Doktor Faustus]]'' ille reprendeva de nove le materia de Faust. [[Hermann Hesse]], qui reveniva constantemente al obra de Goethe e qui in un scena de su ''[[Der Steppenwolf|Steppenwolf]]'' se opponeva a un falsification del imagine de Goethe, confessava: «Inter tote le poetas german, Goethe es ille a qui io debe le plus, qui me ha occupate le plus, molestate, incoragiate, e fortiate a sequer o contradicer su exemplo.»<ref>Hermann Hesse: ''Dank an Goethe. Betrachtungen, Rezensionen, Briefe.'' Insel, Berlin 1999, S. 9.</ref> [[Ulrich Plenzdorf]] transferiva in su roman ''[[Die neuen Leiden des jungen W.|Le nove suffrentias del juvene W.]]'' le historia de ''Werther'' al RDA del annos 1970. [[Peter Hacks]] faceva del relation de Goethe con le dame de corte Charlotte von Stein le thema de su monodramma ''[[Ein Gespräch im Hause Stein über den abwesenden Herrn von Goethe|Un conversation in le domo de Stein super le absente senior von Goethe]]''. In le [[Dramolett|dramoletta]] ''In Goethes Hand. Szenen aus dem 19. Jahrhundert'' [[Martin Walser]] faceva de Johann Peter Eckermann le protagonista e le presentava in su relation delicate con Goethe. Le ultime amor de Goethe pro Ulrike von Levetzow in Marienbad serviva a Walser como materia pro su roman ''Ein liebender Mann''. In le narration de [[Thomas Bernhard]] ''[[Goethe schtirbt]]'', le figura Goethe se appella «un paralysator del litteratura german», qui insuper habeva ruinate le carriera de numerose poetas (Kleist, Hölderlin).<ref>Thomas Bernhard: [[http://www.zeit.de/1982/12/goethe-schtirbt](http://www.zeit.de/1982/12/goethe-schtirbt) ''Goethe schtirbt.''] In: ''[[Die Zeit]].'' 19. März 1982.</ref>
Numerose poemas de Goethe esseva ponite in musica per [[Komponist|compositores]] e [[Liste von Komponistinnen|compositoras]], specialmente durante le 19e seculo, per lo que le poeta stimulava le evolution del [[Kunstlied|canto artistic]], ben que ille categoricamente refusava le canto [[Durchkomponierte Form|completemente componite]] de [[Franz Schubert]]. Nonobstante, Schubert, con 52 adaptationes de Goethe, esseva le plus productive del interpretes musical de Goethe. Inter su adaptationes se trova le cantos devenite popular ''Heidenröslein'', ''Gretchen am Spinnrade'' e ''[[Erlkönig (Ballade)|Erlkönig]]''. [[Carl Loewe]] poneva in musica plure del [[Ballade (Gedicht)|balladas]] de Goethe. [[Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy]], qui cognosceva personalemente Goethe, poneva in musica le ballada ''[[Die erste Walpurgisnacht]]''. In 1822 anque [[Fanny Hensel]] cognosceva Goethe, post haber lamentate que il habeva troppo pauc poemas facilemente ponibile in musica. Goethe, qui habeva un alte opinion de illa como pianista e compositora, le dedicava su poema ''Wenn ich mir in stiller Seele''. Illa lo poneva alora anque in musica.<ref>[[http://www.klemmdirigiert.de/pdf/Hensel_Hiob_c_EkkehardKlemm.pdf](http://www.klemmdirigiert.de/pdf/Hensel_Hiob_c_EkkehardKlemm.pdf) Fanny Hensel: ''Hiob – Ein wichtiges, ein schönes Werk''] (PDF).</ref> Ultra [[Robert Schumann|Robert]] e [[Clara Schumann]], anque [[Hugo Wolf]] lassava adaptationes musical de Goethe. Robert Schumann poneva in musica non solmente ''Szenen aus Goethes Faust'', ma anque textos poetic de ''Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre'' e un ''Requiem für Mignon''. Hugo Wolf poneva in musica inter alteres poemas de ''Wilhelm Meister'' e del ''West-östlicher Divan''. Anque in le 20e e 21e seculos numerose compositores se occupava del obra de Goethe, ben que le representation musical, ultra le tradition del canto pro piano, habeva frequentemente loco con nove instrumentationes e formas de recitation. De [[Gustav Mahler]] proveni le «plus potente e importante» adaptation musical de Goethe, cuje «influentia super le musica del Schola Viennese circa Arnold Schönberg, Alban Berg e Anton Webern non debe esser subestimate»<ref>Dieter Borchmeyer: „Die Genies sind eben eine große Familie …“ Goethe in Kompositionen von Richard Strauss; [[http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/borchmeyer_strauss.pdf](http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/borchmeyer_strauss.pdf) goethezeitportal.de] Stand: 23. März 2017.</ref>: le ample 8e symphonia («Symphonia del Mille») culmina in un adaptation del scena del ravinas montan del ''Faust II'' (1910). Durante tote su vita, [[Richard Strauss]] poneva regularmente poemas de Goethe in musica. Le compositores usava crescente, ultra poemas, anque altere textos del poeta. Assi le compositora austriac [[Olga Neuwirth]] incorporava parve passages del ''Italienische Reise'' e del ''Metamorphose der Pflanzen'' in su ''…morphologischen Fragmenten…'' pro soprano e ensemble de camera (1999). Le tractato scientific de Goethe super le metamorphosis serviva anque a [[Nicolaus A. Huber]] como base pro ''Lob des Granits'' pro soprano e ensemble de camera (1999). Extractos de le cartas de Goethe, insimul con poemas como ''Gretchen am Spinnrade'', forma le base del ''Goethe-Musik'' (2000) del compositor suisse [[Rudolf Kelterborn]]. Anque notabile es le ''Römischen Elegien'' de [[Giselher Klebe]] (1952), marcate per le spirito del stricte technique de dece-duo tonos, in le qual le parte vocal non es executate per un voce cantante, ma per un recitator. Le ''Proserpina'' de Goethe serviva a [[Wolfgang Rihm]] como libretto pro un opera del mesme nomine (''[[Proserpina (Rihm)|Proserpina]]'', Schwetzingen 2009). Le mesme compositor univa sex textos de Goethe de origines differente in su cyclo ''Goethe-Lieder'' (2004/07). [[Aribert Reimann]] componeva un scena pro soprano e piano con le titulo ''Ein Blick war’s, der mich ins Verderben riss. Zweiter Monolog der Stella aus dem gleichnamigen Schauspiel von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe'' (publicate in 2014). [[Jörg Widmann]] non vole que su adaptation musical de ''Wanderers Nachtlied'' pro soprano e ensemble instrumental (1999) sia comprendite ni como «transportation de texto» ni como «mise in musica» in le senso conventional. Plus tosto, secundo ille, per «ascultar de novo e prestar orecchio» se creava un «scena» de densitate opprimente.<ref>Axel Bauni, Kilian Sprau, Klaus Hinrich Stahmer: „Von der Nachkriegszeit bis heute“ in: ''Reclams Liedführer.'' 6. Auflage, Stuttgart 2008, S. 1077.</ref>
=== Reception como scientista del natura ===
Le labor scientific natural de Goethe esseva recognoscite e prendite seriemente per su contemporaneos specialist; ille esseva in contacto con investigadores renominate como [[Alexander von Humboldt]], con qui ille realisava experimentos anatomic e galvanic durante le annos 1790,<ref>[[Andreas W. Daum]]: ''Social Relations, Shared Practices, and Emotions: Alexander von Humboldt’s Excursion into Literary Classicism and the Challenges to Science around 1800.'' In: ''Journal of Modern History'' 91 (2019), 1‒37.</ref> le chemico [[Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner]] e le medico [[Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland]], qui esseva su [[Liste von Goethes Ärzten|medico domestic]] de 1783 a 1793.<ref>Heinrich Arnold, Werner Köhler u. a. (Hrsg.): ''Der Chemiker Doebereiner und sein Minister Goethe – Eine Rezeptionsstudie.'' In: Vitalprinzip Akademie. Festgabe der Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt zur 450-Jahrfeier der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. Erfurt 2008, S. 211–232. ([[http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=12685](http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=12685) Sekundärausgabe])</ref> In le litteratura specialist, su scripto, ante toto le ''Farbenlehre'', esseva discutite controversemente desde le initio; con le progresso del scientias natural, le theorías de Goethe esseva considerate in grande parte como obsolete. Il habeva un renaissance temporari a partir de 1859, anno del publication del obra de [[Charles Darwin]] ''[[Über die Entstehung der Arten|Super le origine del species]]''. Le supposition de Goethe de un transformation constante del mundo vivente e del reduction del formas organic a un forma ancestral commun conduceva alora a considerar le como un precursore del [[theorias del evolution]].<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band 1: ''1773–1918''. C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 187.</ref>
Secundo [[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker]], Goethe non succedeva «a converter le scientia natural a un melior comprehension de su proprie essentia […]. Nos physicos de hodie es […] discipulos de Newton e non de Goethe. Ma nos sape que iste scientia non es veritate absolute, ma un procedura metodologic particular.»<ref>Citate secundo Alfred Schmidt: ''Natur.'' Eintrag in: ''Goethe Handbuch.'' Band 4/2: ''Personen, Sachen, Begriffe L–Z.'' Metzler, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-476-01447-9, S. 757.</ref>
Le Klassikstiftung Weimar organizava del 28 augusto 2019 al 16 februario 2020 le exposition special ''Abenteuer der Vernunft: Goethe und die Naturwissenschaften um 1800'', pro le qual appareva un catalogo.<ref>Kristin Knebel, Gisela Maul, Thomas Schmuck (Hrsg.): ''Abenteuer der Vernunft. Goethe und die Naturwissenschaften um 1800.'' Sandstein, Dresden 2019, ISBN 978-3-95498-486-2.</ref>
=== Monographias e biographias exemplar ===
Debite al enorme quantitate de litteratura, se presenta infra solmente alcun obras exemplar, que analysa e interpreta le phenomeno Goethe in un vista de conjunto.
Inter le obras prime de iste genere se trova:
* [[Herman Grimm]]: ''Goethe. Vorlesungen, gehalten an der Kgl. Universität zu Berlin.'' (2 volumines. 1. edition. W. Hertz, Berlin 1877; 10. edition. Cotta, Stuttgart 1915).<br />Le legendari conferentias de Goethe de Grimm, date durante le semestre hibernal 1874/75 e le semestre estival 1875, esseva publicate in un obra de duo volumines de plus de 600 paginas (prime edition), con numerose nove editiones. Illos formava le comprehension de Goethe de generationes de lectores e studentes. Como un del essayistas le plus importante del 19e seculo, Grimm, con su maniera de reviver in un maniera «holistic» le grande personalitates artistic e lor obras, es considerate un precursore del considerationes intellectual-historic del arte e del litteratura in le senso de [[Wilhelm Dilthey]]. Le mundo academic contemporanee le considerava plus tosto un essayista eccentric que un scientista. Grimm esseva cofundator del [[Goethe-Gesellschaft]] e membro del comité editorial del edition Weimar de Goethe, de 143 volumines.<ref>Eintrag ''Grimm, Herman.'' In: Walther Killy ''Literaturlexikon. Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache.'' Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag. Digitale Bibliothek, S. 6.656-6.658 (Band 4, S. 352).</ref>
* [[Georg Simmel]]: ''Goethe.'' (1. edition. Klinkhardt & Biermann, [https://archive.org/details/goethevon00simmuoft] Leipzig 1913;] 5. edition. 1923)<br />Le monographia philosophic de Simmel, reimprimite plure vices e «recipite quasi unanimemente in maniera positive», comprende solmente 264 paginas. Con un «allontanamento programmatic del typo de biographia positivista»<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band 1: ''1773–1918''. C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 272.</ref>, illo usa le datos biographic de Goethe pro presentar le como un existentia spiritual exemplar e le incarnation de un individualitate inimitabile, que «non es solmente un puncto in le mundo, ma mesme un mundo». Iste conception del individualitate, secundo ille, Goethe habeva anque transferite a su figuras principal, «cata un del qual es le centro de un mundo spiritual individual».<ref>Georg Simmel: ''Goethe.'' Klinkhardt & Biermann, Leipzig 1913, S. 157 und 161.</ref>
* [[Friedrich Gundolf]]: ''Goethe.'' (1. edition. Bondi, Berlin 1916; [https://archive.org/details/goethevon00gunduoft 7. edition 1920;] 13. edition. 1930).<br />Gundolf, un discipulo de [[Stefan George|George]], presentava in su obra de quasi 800 paginas Goethe como un persona symbolic de su epocha; Goethe appareva a ille como «le german formator per excellentia». Su publication provocava un discussion inusualmente vehemente, a qual participava eminente specialistas. Le revista [[Euphorion (Zeitschrift)|Euphorion]] dedicava un numero special in 1921 al controversia super le publication. Le disputa se concentrava super le methodo intellectual-historic de Gundolf, que le representantes de un investigation litterari orientate historic e philologic considerava le «opposition le plus nette» al philologia de Goethe. Illes appellava Gundolf un «artista del scientia».<ref>Wolfgang Höppner: ''Zur Kontroverse um Friedrich Gundolfs „Goethe“.'' In: Ralf Klausnitzer, [[Carlos Spoerhase]] (Hrsg.): ''Kontroversen in der Literaturtheorie / Literaturtheorie in der Kontroverse.'' Peter Lang, Bern 2007, ISBN 978-3-03911-247-0, S. 186 und 195 f.</ref> [[Walter Benjamin]] criticava in le libro de Gundolf que illo habeva «adoptate le dogma le plus inconsiderate del culto de Goethe, le confession le plus pallide del adeptos: que inter tote le obras de Goethe le plus grande es su vita […]» e dunque non distingueva rigorosemente inter le vita de Goethe e su obras.<ref>Walter Benjamin: ''Goethes Wahlverwandtschaften''. In: Ders.: ''Illuminationen. Ausgewählte Schriften''. 63–135, hier S. 96.</ref>
Pro le scientia litterari contemporanee, iste tres monographias non offere punctos de contacto directe.
Duo obras importante del annos 1950/1960 enrichiva le reception de Goethe per lor approches innovative:
* [[Emil Staiger]]: ''Goethe.'' Band I: ''1749–1786''; Band II: ''1786–1814''; Band III: ''1814–1832''. 1. edition. Artemis & Winkler, Zürich 1958–1960; 5. edition. 1978.<br />In su monographia in tres volumines, Staiger cerca «le poeta in le conditiones de su tempore e de su spatio».<ref>Emil Staiger: ''Goethe.'' Band I: ''1749–1786''. 5. Auflage. Artemis & Winkler, Zürich, S. 8.</ref> Le conditiones sub le quales se trova le obra poetic e scientific natural include historia, historia del ideas e psychologia, ben que le interpretation remane le centro del obra.<ref>''Staiger, Emil.'' In: Walther Killy ''Literaturlexikon. Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache.'' Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag. Digitale Bibliothek, S. 18.846 (Band 11, S. 137).</ref> Pro Karl Robert Mandelkow, iste publication es «non solmente le tentativa le plus importante de un presentation general del poeta desde Gundolf, ma anque le prestation le plus representative del investigation de Goethe del annos cinquanta».<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band 2: ''1919–1982.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 172.</ref> Le impressionante reception de Goethe per Staiger, con su [[werkimmanente Interpretation|interpretation intrinsec del obra]], que laborava con le instrumentos del nove scientia litterari [[Strukturalismus|structural-analytic]] del tempore, retirava su objecto al clima spiritual [[Nihilismus|nihilista]] del epocha.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band 2: ''1919–1982.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 172 f.</ref>
* [[Richard Friedenthal]]: ''Goethe. Sein Leben und seine Zeit.'' (1. edition Piper, München 1963, 16. edition. 1989).<br />Con iste obra de circa 800 paginas, «un labor de grande amplitude e meticulose […] Friedenthal obteneva un successo mundial».<ref>Eintrag ''Friedenthal, Richard.'' In: Walther Killy: ''Literaturlexikon. Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache.'' Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag. Digitale Bibliothek, S. 5.510 (Band 4, S. 16).</ref> Con le biographia, ille non seligeva un forma academic, ma un maniera de presentation similar a un roman o «reportage spiritual».<ref>Thomas Halbe: ''Goethes Größe ohne Legende'' (Rezension). In: ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 3. Oktober 1963.</ref> Proque Friedenthal delineava le ambiente historic, sociologic e politic — id es, le miseria del conditiones de Weimar in le quales Goethe produceva su obras — su libro deveniva un precursore del «orientation verso le interpretation politic del litteratura e verso le historia social del litteratura» que se developpava in le Republica Federal desde le medietate del annos 1960.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band 2: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 67.</ref> Mandelkow considera inter le partes le plus debile del altrimenti meritorie biographia le partes super le scientista natural Goethe, que caracterisava su morphologia e teoria del colores como false e sin effecto.<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band 2: ''1919–1982''. C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 177 f.</ref>
Tres altere obras biographic comprensive merita esser sublineate:
* [[Karl Otto Conrady]]: ''Goethe. Leben und Werk.'' Band I: ''Hälfte des Lebens.'' Band II: ''Summe des Lebens.'' (2 volumines. 1. edition. Athenäum, Königstein/Ts. 1985; nove edition in un sol volumine. Artemis & Winkler, München 1994).<br />Con su biographia de 1100 paginas, Conrady pretende transmitir habilmente le cognoscentia erudite del philologo sin recurrer a apparato scientific. Como le prime biographo de Goethe, ille renuncia a un perspective autoritative super su objecto «in favor de un methodo de presentation que lassa aperte le possibilitate de altere interpretationes».<ref>Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland: Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' Band 2: ''1919–1982.'' C. H. Beck, München 1980, S. 272.</ref>
* [[Nicholas Boyle]]: ''Goethe: der Dichter in seiner Zeit'' (2 volumines. Band I: 1749–1790; Band II: 1790–1803. C. H. Beck, München 1995 und 1999. TB-Ausgabe Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004).<br />Le germanista britannic del Universitate de Cambridge comenciava un monumental biographia de Goethe, considerate de longe le plus ample post 1945. Le prime duo volumines comprende circa 2.000 paginas; le tertie e ultime volumine non ha ancora essite publicate. Le autor es «al nivello del investigation german de Goethe» e, in le abundantia de detalios, es «plus exhaustive que su predecessores [Staiger, Friedenthal, Conrady] del decennios precedente».<ref>[[Hans-Christof Kraus]]: Rezension von Band 1 in: ''Historische Zeitschrift''. Band 265, 1997, S. 790.</ref>
* [[Rüdiger Safranski]]: ''Goethe. Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' (1. edition Hanser, München 2013; 11. edition. 2013).<br />Como Friedenthal, Safranski pone al centro le relation intime inter vita e obra in iste «libro domestic del amantes de Goethe» ([[Lorenz Jäger]]). Safranski monstra al mesme tempore que le «arte de viver» de Goethe consisteva in separar le spheras del poesia e del responsabilitate politico-administrative;<ref>Lorenz Jäger: ''Der urbanisierte Olympier'' (Rezension). In: ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 30. August 2013.</ref> ambe areas es presentate in detalio in le libro de 750 paginas.
=== Goethe como donator de nomines ===
Le importantia eminente de Goethe pro le cultura german e le litteratura germanophone se reflecte in le nomination de numerose premios, monumentos, sitos memorial, institutiones, museos e societates, como quasi nulle altere german ha attingite in le vita cultural de su pais. Assi le instituto al qual es affidate le diffusion del cultura e lingua german foras del pais porta su nomine: [[Goethe-Institut]], que ha acquirite grande reputation con su succursales in tote le mundo. Le loco de nascentia del poeta, Frankfurt, e su principal loco de activitate, Weimar, le honora con le [[Goethe-Nationalmuseum (Weimar)|Museo National Goethe]] (Weimar), le [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main|Universitate Johann Wolfgang Goethe]] (Frankfurt) e le [[Goethepreis der Stadt Frankfurt am Main|Premio Goethe del citate de Frankfurt]]. Le [[Goethe-Gesellschaft]], existente desde 1885 e con sede principal in Weimar, reuniva plure milles de lectores e scientistas in le pais e al exterior. Finalmente, le poeta dava su nomine a un epocha litterari integre, que comprende classicismo e romanticismo: [[epocha de Goethe]].
{{Ref}}
== Bibliographia ==
'''Auto-testimonios:'''
* ''Goethe erzählt sein Leben.'' Nach Selbstzeugnissen Goethes und Aufzeichnungen seiner Zeitgenossen zusammengestellt von [[Hans Egon Gerlach]] und Otto Herrmann. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 978-3-596-25600-6.
'''Bibliographias:'''
* [[Jörg Drews]]: ''Sichtung und Klarheit – Kritische Streifzüge durch die Goethe-Ausgaben und die Goethe-Literatur der letzten fünfzehn Jahre.'' P. Kirchheim, München 1999, ISBN 3-87410-082-0.
* [[Karl Goedeke]]: ''Grundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung aus den Quellen.'' Zweite, ganz neu bearbeitete Auflage. Band IV/2–IV/5. Ehlermann, Dresden 1916ff.
* Helmut G. Hermann (Zusammenstellung): ''Goethe-Bibliographie – Literatur zum dichterischen Werk.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-15-008692-2.
* [[Siegfried Seifert (Germanist)|Siegfried Seifert]], Rosel Gutsell, Hans-Jürgen Malles: ''Goethe-Bibliographie 1950–1990.'' 3 Bände. Saur, 1999, ISBN 3-598-11286-6.
* ''Goethe-Bibliographie.'' Begründet von [[Hans Pyritz]] unter redaktioneller Mitarbeit von [[Paul Raabe]]. Fortgeführt von [[Heinz Nicolai]] und [[Gerhard Burkhardt (Literaturwissenschaftler)|Gerhard Burkhardt]] unter redaktioneller Mitarbeit von [[Klaus Schröter (Literaturwissenschaftler)|Klaus Schröter]]. 2 Bände. Winter, Heidelberg 1955–1968.
'''Lexicos e obras de referentia:'''
* {{ADB|9|413|448q|Goethe, Johann Wolfgang|[[Michael Bernays]]|ADB:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von}}
* [[Effi Biedrzynski]]: ''Goethes Weimar – Das Lexikon der Personen und Schauplätze.'' Artemis & Winkler, Zürich 1992, ISBN 3-7608-1064-0.
* [[Richard Dobel]]: ''Lexikon der Goethe-Zitate.'' Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1995, ISBN 3-423-03361-4.
* {{NDB|6|546|575|Goethe, Johann Wolfgang v|[[Wilhelm Flitner]]|118540238}}
* ''[[Goethe-Wörterbuch]]''. Herausgegeben von der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen und der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart. Bisher erschienen: Bd. 1 – Bd. 7, Lieferung 10 (schön-schwach); online zugänglich bis „schleifen“: [https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle=GWB&lemid=S02057 Goethe-Wörterbuch im Wörterbuch-Portal]
* Martin Müller: ''Goethes merkwürdige Wörter.'' 2. Auflage. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-19078-5.
* Robert Steiger, Angelika Reimann: ''Goethes Leben von Tag zu Tag. Eine dokumentarische Chronik''. 8 Bände. Artemis, Zürich 1982–2011.
* Rose Unterberger: ''Die Goethe-Chronik''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 3-458-17100-2.
* [[Gero von Wilpert]]: ''Goethe-Lexikon'' (= ''[[Kröners Taschenausgabe]].'' Band 407). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-40701-9.
* Bernd Witte, [[Theo Buck]], Hans-Dietrich Dahnke, Regine Otto, Peter Schmidt (Hrsg.): ''Goethe-Handbuch.'' Sonderausgabe 6 Bände inkl. Registerband. Metzler, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-476-02022-3.
'''Introductiones:'''
* [[Peter Boerner]]: ''Johann Wolfgang von Goethe'' (= Rowohlt Monographie. 50577). Rowohlt, Reinbek 2004, ISBN 3-499-50577-0.
* [[Dieter Borchmeyer]]: ''Goethe''. Reihe DuMont Schnellkurs, DuMont, Köln 2005, ISBN 3-8321-7628-4.
* [[Peter Matussek]]: ''Goethe zur Einführung''. 2. verbesserte Auflage. Junius, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-88506-972-5.
* [[Gero von Wilpert]]: ''Die 101 wichtigsten Fragen: Goethe.'' Beck, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-55872-6.
'''Vita e opera:'''
* [[Jeremy Adler]]: ''Goethe. Die Erfindung der Moderne. Eine Biographie''. Beck, München 2022.
* [[Albert Bielschowsky]]: ''Goethe, sein Leben und seine Werke.'' 43. Auflage. 2 Bände, Beck, München 1925.
* [[Dieter Borchmeyer]]: ''Goethe. Der Zeitbürger''. Hanser, München/Wien 1999, ISBN 3-446-19643-9.
* [[Nicholas Boyle]]: ''Goethe. Der Dichter in seiner Zeit''. Band I: ''1749–1790''. Band II: ''1790–1803''. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt von Holger Fliessbach. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-458-34725-9 und ISBN 3-458-34750-X.
* [[Christa Bürger]]: ''Goethes Eros'' (= ''Insel Taschenbuch'' Nr. 3325). Insel, Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-458-35025-5 ([https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/buecher/rezensionen/sachbuch/abgruendiges-liebeswissen-1759897.html Rezension] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220164343/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/buecher/rezensionen/sachbuch/abgruendiges-liebeswissen-1759897.html |date=2025-02-20 }}).
* [[Wolfgang Butzlaff (Philologe)|Wolfgang Butzlaff]]: ''Goethe. „Trostlos zu sein ist Liebenden der schönste Trost“. Gesammelte Studien zu Werk und Rezeption'' (= Germanistische Texte und Studien, Bd. 66). Olms, Hildesheim 2000, ISBN 3-487-11154-3.
* Francis Claudon: ''Goethe: Essai de biographie.'' Édition Kimé, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-84174-543-2.
* [[Karl Otto Conrady]]: ''Goethe – Leben und Werk.'' Artemis, Zürich 1994.
* [[Richard Friedenthal]]: ''Goethe – sein Leben und seine Zeit.'' 15. Auflage. Piper, München 2005, ISBN 3-492-20248-9.
* Bernd Hamacher: ''Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Entwürfe eines Lebens.'' Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-534-21561-4.
* [[Friedrich Gundolf]]: ''Goethe.'' Bondi, Berlin 1916.
* [[Erich Heller]]: ''Essays über Goethe''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1970.
* [[Rainer Matthias Holm-Hadulla]]: ''Leidenschaft: Goethes Weg zur Kreativität. Eine Psychobiographie.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-525-40409-6.
* [[Petra Maisak]]: ''Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Zeichnungen.'' Reclam, Stuttgart 1996.
* [[Albert Meier (Germanist)|Albert Meier]]: ''Goethe. Dichtung – Kunst – Natur. ''Philipp Reclam jun. Verlag, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-15-010806-2.
* [[Rüdiger Safranski]]: ''Goethe – Kunstwerk des Lebens. Biographie.'' Hanser, München 2013, ISBN 978-3-446-23581-6.
* [[Georg Simmel]]: ''Goethe.'' Klinkhardt, Leipzig 1913.
* [[Emil Staiger]]: ''Goethe.'' Atlantis, Zürich/Freiburg i. Br. 1958–1960.
* [[Thomas Steinfeld]]: ''Goethe. Porträt eines Lebens, Bild einer Zeit.'' Rowohlt, Berlin 2024.
* [[Torsten Unger]]: ''Fürstenknecht und Idiotenreptil – Goethes Kritiker.'' Sutton, Erfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-95400-103-3.
'''Vita e opera in detalio:'''
* [[Jörn Göres]] (Hrsg.): ''Goethes Leben in Bilddokumenten.'' Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1999, ISBN 3-8289-0236-7.
* Christoph Michel (Hrsg.): ''Goethe – Sein Leben in Bildern und Texten.'' 2. Auflage. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-458-04768-9.
* [[Hans-Jürgen Schings]]: ''Zustimmung zur Welt. Goethe-Studien.'' Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8260-4663-6.
* [[Hans Wahl (Germanist)|Hans Wahl]] und [[Anton Kippenberg]] (Hrsg.): ''[[Goethe und seine Welt]]''. Unter Mitwirkung von [[Ernst Beutler]], Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1932.
* [[Hans Ludwig Oeser]]: ''Menschen und Werke im Zeitalter Goethes. Ein Bilderwerk.'' Paul Franke Verlag, Berlin 1932.
'''Periodos del vita:'''
* [[Theo Buck]]: ''Der Poet, der sich vollendet. Goethes Lehr- und Wanderjahre''. Böhlau, Köln u. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20091-6.
* Sigrid Damm: ''Sommerregen der Liebe. Goethe und Frau von Stein.'' Suhrkamp 2015, ISBN 978-3-458-17644-2.
* [[Sigrid Damm]]: ''Christiane und Goethe: Eine Recherche.'' 7. Auflage. Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-458-34500-0.
* Sigrid Damm: ''[[Goethes letzte Reise]]''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-458-17370-0.
* [[Wolfgang Frühwald]]: ''Goethes Hochzeit.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-458-19294-7.
* Birgit Himmelseher: ''Das Weimarer Hoftheater unter Goethes Leitung. Kunstanspruch und Kulturpolitik im Konflikt''. De Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-023150-2.
* [[Helmut Koopmann]]: ''Willkomm und Abschied. Goethe und Friederike Brion.'' Beck, München 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-65998-0.
* [[Elisabeth Mentzel]]: ''Der Frankfurter Goethe''. Rütten & Loening, Frankfurt am Main 1900 ([https://archive.org/stream/derfrankfurterg00mentgoog#page/n6/mode/2up Digitalisat] bis S. 78 aus dem [[Internet Archive]]).
* [[Stephan Oswald]]: ''Im Schatten des Vaters. August von Goethe.'' Beck, München 2023, ISBN 978-3-406-79139-0.
* [[Rüdiger Safranski]]: ''Goethe und Schiller. Geschichte einer Freundschaft''. Hanser, München 2009, ISBN 978-3-446-23326-3.
* Simone Francesca Schmidt: ''1774. Als die jungen Genies die Freiheit suchten''. Biografie. Südverlag, Konstanz 2022, ISBN 978-3-87800-155-3.
* [[Gustav Seibt]]: ''Goethe und Napoleon. Eine historische Begegnung.'' Beck, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57748-2.
* Gustav Seibt. ''„Mit einer Art von Wut“. Goethe in der Revolution.'' Beck, München 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-67055-8.
* [[Johannes Urzidil]]: ''Goethe in Böhmen.'' 3. Auflage. Artemis, Zürich/München 1982, ISBN 3-7608-0251-6.
* Margrit Wyder, [[Barbara Naumann]], Robert Steiger (Hrsg.): ''Goethes Schweizer Reisen''. Band I: ''Tagebücher, Briefe, Bilder''. Band II: ''25 Wanderungen''. Schwabe, Basel 2023, ISBN 978-3-7965-4771-3.
* [[Roberto Zapperi]]: ''Das Inkognito – Goethes ganz andere Existenz in Rom.'' Beck, München 1999, ISBN 3-406-44587-X.
'''Scientia del natura e scientias:'''
* [[Stefan Bollmann]]: ''Der Atem der Welt. Johann Wolfgang Goethe und die Erfahrung der Natur.'' Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2021.
* Georg Balzer: ''Goethe als Gartenfreund.'' F. Bruckmann, München 1966; Neuauflage 1976, ISBN 3-453-42014-4.
* [[Hartmut Böhme]]: ''„Natur und Figur“. Goethe im Kontext''. Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2016.
* [[Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub]]: ''Goethe als Alchemist.'' [[Euphorion (Zeitschrift)|Euphorion]] 3. Folge, 48 (1954), S. 19–40 ([http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/2611/1/Hartlaub_Goethe_als_Alchemist_1954.pdf Digitalisat] aus dem archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de).
* Aeka Ishihara: ''Goethes Buch der Natur.'' Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8260-2994-1.
* [[Stephan Koranyi]]: ''Autobiographik und Wissenschaft im Denken Goethes.'' Bouvier, Bonn 1984, ISBN 3-416-01815-X.
* [[Otto Krätz]]: ''Goethe und die Naturwissenschaften.'' Callwey, München 1992.
* Manfred Menzel: ''Goethe und die Medizin. Selbstzeugnisse und Dokumente. (= Insel Taschenbuch, Band 1350).'' Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1992.<ref>Enthält Goethes Todesanzeige, aufgegeben von der Schwiegertochter Ottilie von Goethe. S. 109.</ref>
* [[Elmar Mittler]], Elke Purpus, [[Georg Schwedt]]: ''»Der gute Kopf leuchtet überall hervor«. Goethe, Göttingen und die Wissenschaft.'' Wallstein, Göttingen, 1999, ISBN 3-89244-367-X.
* [[Olaf L. Müller]]: ''„Mehr Licht“. Goethe mit Newton im Streit um die Farben.'' S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2015, ISBN 978-3-10-403071-5.
* Frank Nager: ''Der heilkundige Dichter. Goethe und die Medizin.'' Artemis, Zürich/München 1990; 4. Auflage ebenda 1992, ISBN 3-7608-1043-8.
* Maren Partenheimer: ''Goethes Tragweite in der Naturwissenschaft.'' Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1989.
* [[Georg Schwedt]]: ''Goethe als Chemiker.'' Springer, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-540-64354-0.
* Wolfram Voigt, Ulrich Sucker: ''Johann Wolfgang von Goethe'' (= ''[[Biographien hervorragender Naturwissenschaftler, Techniker und Mediziner]].'' Band 38). Teubner, Leipzig 1987.
'''Politica:'''
* Rüdiger Scholz: ''Goethe und die Hinrichtung von Johanna Höhn. Kindsmorde und Kindsmörderinnen im Weimar Carl Augusts. Die Akten zu den Fällen Johanna Catharina Höhn, Maria Sophie Rost und Margarethe Dorothea Altwein''. 2. Auflage. Königshausen und Neumann, Würzburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-8260-6760-0.
* [[Hans Tümmler]]: ''Goethe als Staatsmann''. Musterschmidt, Göttingen u. a. 1976, ISBN 3-7881-0091-5.
* [[Ekkehart Krippendorff]]: ''Wie die Großen mit den Menschen spielen – Versuch über Goethes Politik.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-518-11486-7.
* Wolfgang Rothe: ''Der politische Goethe.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3-525-01220-9.
* [[W. Daniel Wilson]]: ''Das Goethe-Tabu – Protest und Menschenrechte im klassischen Weimar.'' Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1999, ISBN 3-423-30710-2.
* W. Daniel Wilson: ''Goethe und die Juden. Faszination und Feindschaft.'' Beck, München 2024.
'''Musica:'''
* [[Hermann Abert]]: ''Goethe und die Musik.'' Engelhorn, Stuttgart 1922; Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1903: Europäischer Literaturverlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86267-571-5, sowie: Dearbooks 2013, ISBN 3-95455-485-2.
* Barbara Mühlenhoff: ''Goethe und die Musik – Ein musikalischer Lebenslauf.'' Lambert Schneider, Darmstadt 2011, ISBN 978-3-650-40116-8.
* Hanns Stahmer: ''Goethes Wege zur Musik.'' Hannsens, Neustadt am Rübenberge 2016, ISBN 978-3-945207-11-6.
'''Esthetica:'''
* Rabea Kleymann: ''Formlose Form. Epistemik und Poetik des Aggregats beim späten Goethe.'' Wilhelm Fink, Leiden 2021, ISBN 978-3-7705-6643-3.
'''Aspectos psychologic:'''
* [[Kurt Eissler|Kurt R. Eissler]]: ''Goethe – Eine psychoanalytische Studie 1775–1786.'' 2 Bände. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1987, ISBN 3-423-04457-8.
* Rainer J. Kaus: ''Der Fall Goethe – ein deutscher Fall. Eine psychoanalytische Studie.'' Winter, Heidelberg 1994, ISBN 3-8253-0241-5.
* [[Josef Rattner]]: ''Goethe, Leben, Werk und Wirkung in tiefenpsychologischer Sicht''. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1999, ISBN 3-8260-1660-2.
* [[Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla]]: ''Leidenschaft. Goethes Weg zur Kreativität. Eine Psychobiographie.'' 3., erweiterte Auflage, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-525-40669-4.
'''Reception:'''
* Eva Axer, [[Eva Geulen]], Alexandra Heimes: ''Aus dem Leben der Form. Studien zum Nachleben von Goethes Morphologie in der Theoriebildung des 20. Jahrhunderts.'' Wallstein, Göttingen 2021, ISBN 978-3-8353-3880-7.
* [[Wilfried Barner]]: ''Von Rahel Varnhagen bis Friedrich Gundorf. Juden als deutsche Goethe-Verehrer.'' Wallstein, Göttingen 1992, ISBN 3-89244-023-9
* [[Hartmut Fröschle]]: ''Goethes Verhältnis zur Romantik.'' Königshausen und Neumann, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 978-3-8260-2298-2.
* [[Karl Robert Mandelkow]] (Hrsg.): ''Goethe im Urteil seiner Kritiker. Dokumente zur Wirkungsgeschichte Goethes in Deutschland.'' 4 Bde. Beck, München 1975–1984.
* Karl Robert Mandelkow: ''Goethe in Deutschland. Rezeptionsgeschichte eines Klassikers.'' 2 Bde. Beck, München 1980–1989.
* Bettina Meier: ''Goethe in Trümmern. Zur Rezeption eines Klassikers in der Nachkriegszeit.'' Deutscher Universitätsverlag, Wiesbaden 1989, ISBN 3-8244-4036-9.
* Astrida Ment: ''Goethe zwischen den Kriegen. Gedenkreden in der Weimarer Republik (1919–1933).'' Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2010, ISBN 978-3-631-59220-5.
* Jana Piper: ''Goethe und Schiller in der filmischen Erinnerungskultur.'' Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-8260-6589-7.
'''Altere litteratura basic:'''
* Michael Botor: ''Gespräche mit Goethe. Studien zu Funktion und Geschichte eines biographischen Genres'' (= ''Kasseler Studien – Literatur, Kultur, Medien.'' Bd. 4). Carl Böschen, Siegen 1999, ISBN 3-932212-20-7.
* [[Karl-Josef Kuschel]]: ''Goethe und der Koran.'' Patmos, Ostfildern 2021, ISBN 978-3-8436-1246-3.
* Peter Meuer (Hrsg.): ''Abschied und Übergang – Goethes Gedanken über Tod und Unsterblichkeit.'' Artemis & Winkler, Zürich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-1081-0.
* [[Katharina Mommsen]]: ''Goethe und die arabische Welt.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1988.
* Katharina Mommsen: ''Goethe und der Islam.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig 2001, ISBN 3-458-34350-4.
* Emil Schaeffer, Jörn Göres: ''Goethe – seine äußere Erscheinung''. Insel, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-458-33975-2.
* [[Albrecht Schöne]]: ''Der Briefschreiber Goethe.'' Beck, München 2015, ISBN 978-3-406-67603-1.
* [[Hans-Joachim Simm]] (Hrsg.): ''Goethe und die Religion.'' Insel, Frankfurt am Main/Leipzig 2000, ISBN 3-458-33900-0.
* [[Renate Wieland]]: ''Schein Kritik Utopie. Zu Goethe und Hegel''. Edition text + kritik, München 1992, ISBN 3-88377-419-7.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von}}
[[Categoria:Gente german]]
[[Categoria:Romanceros]]
[[Categoria:Dramaturgos]]
[[Categoria:Romanticos]]
[[Categoria:Litteratura in le lingua german]]
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Vice-regno de Nove Granada
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{{infobox/articulo/instantia de entitate territorial}}
Le '''Vice-regno de Nove Granada, Vice-regno de Santaféo '''Vice-regno del Nove Regno de Granada''' esseva un entitate territorial, integrante del Imperio Espaniol, establite
per le Corona (1717-1723, 1739-1810 e 1816-1819) in le ultime phase
de su dominio in le Nove Mundo. Illo esseva create per le rege
Philippi
V in 1717 inter le nove politica del bourbones e suspendite in 1723,
por problemas financiari, essente reinstaurate in 1739 usque le
movimento independentista lo dissolve de novo in 1810. In 1815 illo
esseva reconquirite per le exercito del rege Fernando VII, essente
novemente reinstaurate, usque le exercito liberator attingeva su
independentia definitive ex
le poter espaniol in 1819.
Le capital del
vice-regno se situava in le
citate de Santafé (hodie
[[Bogotá]]).
Le emblema de armas del vice-regno esseva hereditate per le citate de
Bogotá,
actual capital del Republica de Colombia, que lo conserva como su
insignia.
== Historia ==
In 1508 le Terra Firme
esseva dividite inter Diego de Nicuesa, qui obteneva le governamento
de Veragua o Castilla de Auro, que se extendeva desde le
fluvio Atrato in le golfo de
Urabá usque le capo "Gratias
a Deo e Alonso de Ojeda";
le governamento
de Nove Andalusia, desde le fluvio Atrato al Capo del Vela. Nicuesa
fundava "Nomine de Deo"
e Martín Fernández de Enciso "Sancta
Maria
La
Antique
del Darién", ambe in 1510. Pauc depost, desde le 1 de martio de
1511 Vasco Núñez de Balboa prende
le poter de Veragua
(includente le Darién) e ille esseva nominate per le vicerege Diego
Colón como su locotenente in Darién. Le rege le nominava capitano
le 23 de decembre de 1511 e governator interne del Darién usque
julio de 1514. Le 25 de septembre de 1513 ille prendeva possession
del "Mar de Sud" que ille discoperiva.
In maio de 1513 Pedrarias Dávila esseva nominate governator e capitano general de Castilla de Auro, que includeva omne le territorio del costa desde le Capo del Vela usque le actual Panama, con exception de Veraguas, arrivante a Darién in julio de 1514. Ille fundava "Nostre Seniora del Assumption de Panama" le 15 de augusto de 1519. Nove Andalusia esseva supprimite e Balboa recipeva le 23 de septembre de 1514 le nomination de "Governator de Coiba e Panama e Proficiente del Mar del Sud" subordinate a Castilla de Auro.
In 1525 Fernández de Oviedo tentava establir un governamento in le zona de Cartagena (Governamento de Cartagena), sed ille non prosperava usque le fundation del citate in 1533.
Le 26 de februario de
1538 esseva establite in le isthmo, le Real Audientia de Panama per
Real Cedula expedite per Carlos V.
Circum 1542 il
existeva le governamentos de Sancta Martha (fundate in 1525),
Cartagena e Popayán (fundate in 1536).
In 1550 se crea le
Real Audientia de Santafé de Bogotá inter le Vice-regno de Peru con
jurisdiction super le Nove Regno de Granada e le governamentos de
Sancta Martha, Cartagena e Popayán.
In 1567 le capitano
Andrés Gómez Hernández esseva nominate governator del Governamento
de Chocó, Dabaibe e Valle del Baeza, sed ille non arrivava a su
destination al morir in Cartagena.
Le debile dependentia
del governamento del Nove Regno de Granada in Santafé de Bogotá,
con le del vice-regno de Peru in Lima, le lentitude del
communicationes inter le duo citates, summate a le constante
conflictos desde le anno 1582, inter le governamento del presidentes
del Real Audientia de Santafé de Bogotá e le archiepiscopato de
Santafé, situation confirmate per le presentia in le colonia de
visitatores inviate per le Corona, inter illos Infante de Venegas,
portava a recommendar a Felipe V le creation de un vice-regno
independente in le Nove Granada in 1717, finalmente decidite in le
anno 1718. Per iste maniera, provincias de lo que hodie il
poterea corresponder a
Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, e regiones de Peru, Brasil,
Costa Rica, Nicaragua e Guyana, usque tunc sub differente
jurisdictiones, se univa sub un mesme autoritate colonial establite
in le citate de Santafé de Bogotá, confirmante se
assi le citate como un
altere ex le principal
centros administrative del colonias espaniol in America, juxta Lima e
Citate de Mexico. Tamen, malgrado le intentos sporadic verso reformas
incamminate a meliorar le efficientia e centralisation del
autoritate, in necun momento le controlo e cohesion de iste colonia
attingeva a esser le realmente desirate in Espania.
Inter le
considerationes que le corona maneava pro su creation, il ha duo
factos essential. In le prime loco, le zona esseva le plus importante
del continente referente a
le production aurifere. In secunde loco, su situation strategic inter
le duo oceanos e le facto que illo esseva uno ex le portas de entrata
al west de America del Sud, permitterea
a illo affrontar melior le
contrabando e le attaccos de piratas e filibusteros con un puncto
plus proxime al Caribe. In relation al population del vice-regno,
signala Carlos Malamud: "al longe del centuria, le population
del vice-regno, con exclusion del territorios integrate in le Real
Audientia de Quito, ascendeva a 742.759 habitantes. W. P. McGreevey
estimava que le population del territorios que forma le actual
Colombia ascendeva a 940.000 habitantes". Finalmente, le major
concentration de population (62%) se incontrava in le altiplanos
andin colombian.
Tamen, le difficile e diverse geographia del nord de Sudamerica e le deficit de camminos apte faceva difficile le transito e le communication in le interior del vice-regno. Le establimento de un Capitania General in Caracas e
un Real Audientia in Quito, totevia legalmente subordinate al
vice-rege, esseva un responsa al necessitates de un governamento
effective in le regiones plus lontan; ben que alcun analystas
considera que illo etiam esseva reflexo, in alcun grado, del
tradition local, le qual, eventualmente contribueva a crear
differentias politic e national inter le territorios justo
independente que Simon Bolivar non attingerea reunificar dum multo
tempore, per
le fundation del prime Republica de Colombia in 1819.
e2vtfnm5dcrpuh9by1lofjdk1x0xplh
Appendice:Lista de taxones con rango ordine
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{{infobox}}
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! item
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! nomine del taxon
! taxon superior immediate
! imagine
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|-
| [[:d:Q1357|Q1357]]
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| [[File:Spiders Diversity.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3689|Q3689]]
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| [[File:Gooseneckbarnacles.jpg|center|32px]]
|
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| [[:d:Q4610|Q4610]]
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| [[File:Haeckel Decapoda.jpg|center|32px]]
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| [[:d:Q4758|Q4758]]
| [[Gymnophiona]]
| Gymnophiona<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4edc7d9c77b0f50e3e2fe5e6bbf730c7d1c38e44387336ff61d30ae5641cb114">''[[:d:Q19978589|Class Amphibia Gray, 1825]]''</ref>
| [[Lissamphibia]]<br/>[[amphibio]]<ref name="ref_4edc7d9c77b0f50e3e2fe5e6bbf730c7d1c38e44387336ff61d30ae5641cb114">''[[:d:Q19978589|Class Amphibia Gray, 1825]]''</ref><br/>[[Apoda]]
| [[File:Dermophis mexicanus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6521|Q6521]]
| [[Caudovirales]]
| Caudovirales<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_28ddf84f5adc8d599ea8e3fb39f748b891ac2aaae581fb618204c828bea24486">''[[:d:Q69579583|ICTV Master Species List 2005]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Caudovirales.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6542|Q6542]]
| [[Herpesvirales]]
| Herpesvirales<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Herviviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Herpesviridae EM PHIL 2171 lores.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6553|Q6553]]
| [[Picornavirales]]
| Picornavirales<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Pisoniviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref><br/>[[Virus]]<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hepatitis A virus 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7380|Q7380]]
| [[primate]]
| Primates<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5bdbf8eee19b105ff04d66d13ee4f654eec1e2e0dd7692808ebb15629415fb16">''[[:d:Q21608408|Systema Naturae. 10th edition, Volume 1]]''</ref>
| [[Primatomorpha]]
| [[File:Primates - some families.jpg|center|32px]]
| mammifero del ordine Primates
|-
| [[:d:Q10850|Q10850]]
| [[Rodentia]]
| Rodentia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref><ref name="ref_887215f3b5fdc9eddac9227c0336721c56eeace94c6e1af797038c9a5a71373b">''[[:d:Q27044125|Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I]]''</ref>
| [[Glires]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref><br/>[[Simplicidentata]]
| [[File:Tamias striatus CT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13676|Q13676]]
| [[Dermaptera]]
| Dermaptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]<br/>[[Haplocercata]]<ref name="ref_bfb68a78f1f6fe9ff6cf88c875b7263373ffd7ad24a431ecbbe1de9be5260767">''[[:d:Q54311073|Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cadeladefrade 045eue.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14272|Q14272]]
| [[Geraniales]]
| Geraniales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:GeraniumPalustre2.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17160|Q17160]]
| [[Ascaridida]]
| Ascaridida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Secernentea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Anisakids.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17162|Q17162]]
| [[Diplogasterida]]
| Diplogasterida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Chromadorea]]<br/>[[Secernentea]]
| [[File:Roundworm.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17164|Q17164]]
| [[Rhabditida]]
| Rhabditida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhabditia]]<ref name="ref_1a2d60ebf70a4e62cc9a7ae6753dd6c6a96900fb525c591016e68fc251ca4e35">''[[:d:Q82494|National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dictyocaulus-viviparus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17165|Q17165]]
| [[Spirurida]]
| Spirurida
| [[Spiruria]]
| [[File:Microfilaria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17166|Q17166]]
| [[Strongylida]]
| Strongylida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhabditida]]
| [[File:Dictyocaulus-viviparus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19107|Q19107]]
| [[Trigonotarbida]]
| Trigonotarbida
| [[arachnido]]
| [[File:20201208 Trigonotarbida trigonotarbid.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19111|Q19111]]
| [[Amblypygi]]
| Amblypygi<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_44c908ef3fc03589ed8162f2cd1efe5232458ee4eabfbfa9cee1d6707068b2d4">''[[:d:Q20020125|Order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amblypigid.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19114|Q19114]]
| [[Phalangiotarbida]]
| Phalangiotarbida
| [[arachnido]]
| [[File:20200828 Phalangiotarbi.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19116|Q19116]]
| [[Opiliones]]
| Opiliones<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bcb4b14908eb5417abdb5f3e8ba40fe21f44f419b77ed3746837b5a283108fbc">''[[:d:Q21060990|Order Opiliones Sundevall, 1833]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Opiliones harvestman.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19117|Q19117]]
| [[Palpigradi]]
| Palpigradi<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fb63d626e7b491c05376d97dc7f71f3bb94f044b1e6bf6942dafd1f70816fb2f">''[[:d:Q21056554|Order Palpigradi Thorell, 1888]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Live Eukoenenia spelaea in its cave habitat.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19119|Q19119]]
| [[pseudoscorpion]]
| Pseudoscorpiones<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e50b7b5ec00612475af5798a338ecf984fd830ea2b7e28780dc625bfe73cc1ed">''[[:d:Q21044758|Order Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<br/>[[Dromopoda]]
| [[File:Neopseudogarypus scutellatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19120|Q19120]]
| [[Ricinulei]]
| Ricinulei<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_561a93aaaa11706eb7120df522f6a25a4017f35bfada3168c209af44e3c6161b">''[[:d:Q21055647|Order Ricinulei Thorell, 1876]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cryptocellus goodnighti.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19123|Q19123]]
| [[Schizomida]]
| Schizomida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6fad576fe5d4d4e849b33171e945b315346eaa42e05bbfc16ec4002ca5597c46">''[[:d:Q21055535|Order Schizomida Petrunkevitch, 1945]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hubbardia pentapeltis female.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19125|Q19125]]
| [[Scorpiones]]
| Scorpiones<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0e0ee91e0efe4aca4ead1c725a604be8804ff6486a7bf18f3e904f97ac14d5b6">''[[:d:Q20015114|Order Scorpiones C.L. Koch, 1850]]''</ref>
| [[Arachnopulmonata]]
| [[File:Asian forest scorpion in Khao Yai National Park.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19126|Q19126]]
| [[Solifugae]]
| Solifugae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a27d76ccef4ba1d8f8eef002861356893599be501408cf4a5aeb96481fac6029">''[[:d:Q21045193|Order Solifugae Sundevall, 1833]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<br/>[[Dromopoda]]
| [[File:Solifugae collage.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19135|Q19135]]
| [[Uropygi]]
| Uropygi<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Whipscorpion.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19173|Q19173]]
| [[Casuariiformes]]
| Casuariiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Novaeratitae]]
| [[File:Darica Cossowary 00975.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19338|Q19338]]
| [[Pelecaniformes]]
| Pelecaniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Aequornithes]]<br/>[[Pelecanes]]
| [[File:Pelican 4995.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19430|Q19430]]
| [[Xiphosura]]
| Xiphosura<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Merostomata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a5cb691fd2a2b68bd3f1f4fdd86e8363d0afaafce9c9a45fe2e1fcfcae264a67">''[[:d:Q1531570|Global Biodiversity Information Facility]]''</ref><br/>[[Prosomapoda]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Limule(dD).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19436|Q19436]]
| [[Eurypterida]]
| Eurypterida
| [[Sclerophorata]]
| [[File:Eurypterus Smithsonian.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20740|Q20740]]
| [[Bucerotiformes]]
| Bucerotiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Picocoraciae]]
| [[File:Buceros bicornis -Köln Zoo-8a.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21020|Q21020]]
| [[Buxales]]
| Buxales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Eudicotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illustration Buxus sempervirens0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21021|Q21021]]
| [[Ranunculales]]
| Ranunculales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Eudicotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Creeping butercup close 800.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21023|Q21023]]
| [[Canellales]]
| Canellales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[magnoliids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Canella alba Ypey71.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21138|Q21138]]
| [[Apiales]]
| Apiales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[campanulids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Umbella.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21651|Q21651]]
| [[Anseriformes]]
| Anseriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Anserimorphae]]
| [[File:Cygnus olor 2 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21659|Q21659]]
| [[Galliformes]]
| Galliformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[ave]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Pangalliformes]]
| [[File:Meleagris ocellata1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21685|Q21685]]
| [[Procellariiformes]]
| Procellariiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Austrodyptornithes]]
| [[File:Damier du Cap - Cape Petrel.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21716|Q21716]]
| [[Ciconiiformes]]
| Ciconiiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Aequornithes]]
| [[File:Saddle-Billed Stork.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21723|Q21723]]
| [[Solanales]]
| Solanales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Solanum melongena ja02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21728|Q21728]]
| [[Suliformes]]
| Suliformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Aequornithes]]
| [[File:Northern Gannet 2006 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21730|Q21730]]
| [[Asterales]]
| Asterales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[campanulids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:A sunflower.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21736|Q21736]]
| [[Accipitriformes]]
| Accipitriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Accipitrimorphae]]
| [[File:Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Full Body 1880px.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21737|Q21737]]
| [[Ericales]]
| Ericales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Asterids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:RhododendronSimsiiFlowers2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21742|Q21742]]
| [[Lamiales]]
| Lamiales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lamium album4 ies.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21754|Q21754]]
| [[Gentianales]]
| Gentianales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gentiana cruciata 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21761|Q21761]]
| [[Garryales]]
| Garryales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aucuba1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21769|Q21769]]
| [[Cornales]]
| Cornales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Asterids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Davidia1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21774|Q21774]]
| [[Dipsacales]]
| Dipsacales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[campanulids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dipsacus fullonum (5006018895).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21779|Q21779]]
| [[Aquifoliales]]
| Aquifoliales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[campanulids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ilex paraguariensis - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-074.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21788|Q21788]]
| [[Austrobaileyales]]
| Austrobaileyales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Angiospermae|angiosperms]]<ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Schisandra rubriflora.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21790|Q21790]]
| [[Monotremas|Monotremata]]
| Monotremata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Australosphenida]]<br/>[[Monotremaformes]]
| [[File:Tachyglossus aculeatus side on.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21801|Q21801]]
| [[Laurales]]
| Laurales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[magnoliids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Laurus nobilis - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-086.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21808|Q21808]]
| [[Caryophyllales]]
| Caryophyllales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Core eudicots]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dianthus caryophyllus L (Clove pink).JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21838|Q21838]]
| [[Proteales]]
| Proteales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Eudicotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pincushion hakea03.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21846|Q21846]]
| [[Gunnerales]]
| Gunnerales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Core eudicots]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gunnera tinctoria0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21851|Q21851]]
| [[Santalales]]
| Santalales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Core eudicots]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref>
| [[File:Starr 041006-0222 Santalum haleakalae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21855|Q21855]]
| [[Saxifragales]]
| Saxifragales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Core eudicots]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref>
| [[File:Corylopsis pauciflora0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21860|Q21860]]
| [[Crossosomatales]]
| Crossosomatales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Staphylea colchica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21866|Q21866]]
| [[Myrtales]]
| Myrtales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lumnitzera littorea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21870|Q21870]]
| [[Celastrales]]
| Celastrales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Euonymus europaeus Sturm20.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21875|Q21875]]
| [[Cucurbitales]]
| Cucurbitales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:2006-10-18Cucurbita pepo02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21878|Q21878]]
| [[Fabales]]
| Fabales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Senna occidentalis(Flower).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21881|Q21881]]
| [[Fagales]]
| Fagales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Buchenwald 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21887|Q21887]]
| [[Malpighiales]]
| Malpighiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Starr 010309-0546 Calophyllum inophyllum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21891|Q21891]]
| [[Oxalidales]]
| Oxalidales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ceratopetalum apetalum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21895|Q21895]]
| [[Rosales]]
| Rosales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illustration Rosa majalis0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21899|Q21899]]
| [[Zygophyllales]]
| Zygophyllales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Fabidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Guaiacum officinale - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-069.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21904|Q21904]]
| [[Brassicales]]
| Brassicales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:(MHNT) Alliaria petiolata - flowers.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21908|Q21908]]
| [[Malvales]]
| Malvales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Alcea setosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22651|Q22651]]
| [[Hymenoptera]]
| Hymenoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b45db12340ef56a39564b11feb35b5d29cf9043198725202edef4667253be57b">''[[:d:Q21073958|Order Hymenoptera]]''</ref>
| [[Endopterygota]]<br/>[[Holometabola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Hymenopterida]]
| [[File:Hymenoptere(s).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22671|Q22671]]
| [[Coleoptero|Coleoptera]]
| Coleoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_80b05535c1f6adc7d8d8d8e9254671836b0673b2bab0bad37c0e4e54b58c75ab">''[[:d:Q21061432|Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_af61137b3a257fe1a11149e19c7dc0e29d384b375737a8b8e9c73412db858116">''[[:d:Q21090281|Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)]]''</ref>
| [[Endopterygota]]<br/>[[Holometabola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Coleopterida]]<ref name="ref_9358a00ae7ae162479e003143d1f49241dbd7fce9bce891cb3c7aa3146136e52">''[[:d:Q105357584|Relationships among coleopteran suborders and major endoneopteran lineages: Evidence from hind wing characters]]''</ref><ref name="ref_02af895060b425d12c2753dbdea43a4b501bb7cc8f8f27e68e4380571e63d14f">''[[:d:Q28072935|Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics]]''</ref><br/>[[Coleopteroidea]]<ref name="ref_3b041b8940889283b7736a24e58f8ce0d692c5bfdf22bdf581a157ca99478b5d">''[[:d:Q110445386|Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lucanus cervus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25222|Q25222]]
| [[Strigiformes]]
| Strigiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Afroaves]]
| [[File:Northern Spotted Owl.USFWS.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25306|Q25306]]
| [[carnivoros]]
| Carnivora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6218d0a50fceb63b21474b8c40d640575950a9bcf95ae437a38e98c3858bad5">''[[:d:Q21682704|Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 1: Carnivores.]]''</ref>
| [[Carnivoraformes]]<br/>[[Placentarios]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Laurasiatheria]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref>
| [[File:Carnivora.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25309|Q25309]]
| [[Blattodea]]
| Blattodea<ref name="ref_28ed610376f49021ac98ca9938899486a906ce28c9d6f875ad22c75eff232cb7">''[[:d:Q21062128|Order Blattodea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyoptera]]<br/>[[Polyneoptera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Blaberus giganteus MHNT dos.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25312|Q25312]]
| [[Diptera]]
| Diptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Holometabola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Antliophora]]<ref name="ref_02af895060b425d12c2753dbdea43a4b501bb7cc8f8f27e68e4380571e63d14f">''[[:d:Q28072935|Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bessenbandzweefvlieg Vrouwtje (2).JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25329|Q25329]]
| [[artiodactylos]]
| Artiodactyla<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Paraxonia]]
| [[File:Aepyceros melampus - 001.jpg|center|32px]]
| ordine de mammiferos
|-
| [[:d:Q25341|Q25341]]
| [[Passeriformes]]
| Passeriformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref>
| [[Parapasseres]]
| [[File:Cuervo grande (Corvus corax), Arcos de la Frontera, Cádiz, España, 2015-12-08, DD 07.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25363|Q25363]]
| [[Crocodilia]]
| Crocodilia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eusuchia]]
| [[File:Crocodylus acutus jalisco mexico.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25370|Q25370]]
| [[Falconiformes]]
| Falconiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Eufalconimorphae]]
| [[File:Brown-Falcon,-Vic,-3.1.2008.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25374|Q25374]]
| [[perissodactylos]]
| Perissodactyla<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Perissodactylamorpha]]
| [[File:00296 zebra.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25375|Q25375]]
| [[Odonata]]
| Odonata<ref name="ref_ddeebe9b26413d6948a561218a6a1fbce14b2eda9936ef1c4a6d6377b3044226">''[[:d:Q13561342|World Odonata List]]''</ref><ref name="ref_87cd2e1b9094f34eaf134a55c538845e8e3fa5f4689b11cf5f4d88766f3855ef">''[[:d:Q21076592|The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata)]]''</ref>
| [[Odonatoptera]]<br/>[[Panodonata]]<ref name="ref_8230028630b8eb0936c830f674dcb646f6069ce02b9baa345dcc2a8665c5d3f6">https://bechly.lima-city.de/system.htm</ref><br/>[[Holodonata]]
| [[File:Orthetrum cancellatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25401|Q25401]]
| [[Lagomorpha]]
| Lagomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Glires]]
| [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25431|Q25431]]
| [[Sirenia]]
| Sirenia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Placentarios]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Tethytheria]]
| [[File:FL fig04.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25557|Q25557]]
| [[Gruiformes]]
| Gruiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Neoaves]]
| [[File:Balearica regulorum 1 Luc Viatour.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25842|Q25842]]
| [[Insectivora]]
| Insectivora
| [[Mammiferos]]<br/>[[Laurasiatheria]]
| [[File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25934|Q25934]]
| [[Piciformes]]
| Piciformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Picocoraciae]]
| [[File:Red-bellied woodpecker on railing.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25950|Q25950]]
| [[Apodiformes]]
| Apodiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Strisores]]
| [[File:Rubythroathummer65.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25978|Q25978]]
| [[Charadriiformes]]
| Charadriiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Aequorlitornithes]]
| [[File:Crestedauklet41.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26125|Q26125]]
| [[Caprimulgiformes]]
| Caprimulgiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Strisores]]
| [[File:Caprimulgus macrurus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26229|Q26229]]
| [[Asparagales]]
| Asparagales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Asperge in bloei Asparagus officinalis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26308|Q26308]]
| [[Proboscidea]]
| Proboscidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Tethytheria]]
| [[File:AfricanElephant.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26316|Q26316]]
| [[Sapindales]]
| Sapindales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acer-negundo-total.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26332|Q26332]]
| [[Diprotodontia]]
| Diprotodontia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Macropus agilis - 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26371|Q26371]]
| [[Hemiptera]]
| Hemiptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Paraneoptera]]
| [[File:Aphis-nerii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27187|Q27187]]
| [[Magnoliales]]
| Magnoliales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[magnoliids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Magnolia wieseneri.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27287|Q27287]]
| [[Piperales]]
| Piperales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[magnoliids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Piper aduncum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27341|Q27341]]
| [[Alismatales]]
| Alismatales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:AlismaPlant1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27421|Q27421]]
| [[Nymphaeales]]
| Nymphaeales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Angiospermae|angiosperms]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Victoria amazonica full view.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27850|Q27850]]
| [[Cetartiodactyla]]
| Cetartiodactyla
| [[Euungulata]]
| [[File:The Cetartiodactyla.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28078|Q28078]]
| [[Columbiformes]]
| Columbiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Columbimorphae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Witvleugduif.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28319|Q28319]]
| [[Lepidoptera]]
| Lepidoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Endopterygota]]<br/>[[Amphiesmenoptera]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref><ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref><ref name="ref_02af895060b425d12c2753dbdea43a4b501bb7cc8f8f27e68e4380571e63d14f">''[[:d:Q28072935|Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics]]''</ref><br/>[[Holometabola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:00 3080 Mehliger Salbei (Salvia farinacea).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28425|Q28425]]
| [[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]]
| Chiroptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Apo-Chiroptera]]<br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Laurasiatheria]]<br/>[[Eutheria]]<br/>[[Scrotifera]]<ref name="ref_70a3a835855462a25bd1af7daee80688bff19dfc93504c4ffb947035430b399e">http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/48/1/31.abstract</ref><ref name="ref_83a1762b32b2323d7f662db75312b011bcf6da803c24f22727ed6d100d39eab1">http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/09/03/sysbio.syr089.abstract</ref><br/>[[Pegasoferae]]<ref name="ref_6fab99dd3d693efd433a7875f94269754ebb460da09ea1363bf5faf6e4dbb8fb">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1479866</ref><br/>[[Placentarios]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref>
| [[File:Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28502|Q28502]]
| [[Poales]]
| Poales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref>
| [[File:Wheat field.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29498|Q29498]]
| [[Euphausiacea]]
| Euphausiacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eucarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Meganyctiphanes norvegica1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30111|Q30111]]
| [[Zygentoma]]
| Lepismida<br/>Zygentoma<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[insecto]]<br/>[[Dicondylia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref><br/>[[Thysanura]]
| [[File:Lepisma saccharina 1a.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31431|Q31431]]
| [[Psittaciformes]]
| Psittaciformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Psittacimorphae]]
| [[File:Ara ararauna Luc Viatour.jpg|center|32px]]
| ordine de aves
|-
| [[:d:Q38957|Q38957]]
| [[Plumatellida]]
| Plumatellida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref>
| [[Phylactolaemata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pectinatella magnifica 8568.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q40152|Q40152]]
| [[Octopoda]]
| Octopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Octopodiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Octopus2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41317|Q41317]]
| [[electric ray]]
| Torpediniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Batoidea]]<ref name="ref_e15368fd420c777ba2608cb300ef96bc5cf521014a821d17ae2db180d989550d">''[[:d:Q60731916|Fishes of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Torpedo fuscomaculata2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48178|Q48178]]
| [[Carcharhiniformes]]
| Carcharhiniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Galeomorphi]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Carcharhinus melanopterus2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48407|Q48407]]
| [[Osteoglossiformes]]
| Osteoglossiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Osteoglossomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Osteoglossum bicirrhosum.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53099|Q53099]]
| [[Hyracoidea]]
| Hyracoidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Paenungulata]]
| [[File:Ein klippschliefer.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53478|Q53478]]
| [[Liliales]]
| Liliales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lilium martagon 250605a.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53636|Q53636]]
| [[Anura]]
| Anura<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4edc7d9c77b0f50e3e2fe5e6bbf730c7d1c38e44387336ff61d30ae5641cb114">''[[:d:Q19978589|Class Amphibia Gray, 1825]]''</ref>
| [[Salientia]]<br/>[[amphibio]]<ref name="ref_4edc7d9c77b0f50e3e2fe5e6bbf730c7d1c38e44387336ff61d30ae5641cb114">''[[:d:Q19978589|Class Amphibia Gray, 1825]]''</ref><ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Australia green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) crop.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53663|Q53663]]
| [[Caudata]]
| Caudata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4edc7d9c77b0f50e3e2fe5e6bbf730c7d1c38e44387336ff61d30ae5641cb114">''[[:d:Q19978589|Class Amphibia Gray, 1825]]''</ref>
| [[Batrachia]]<br/>[[amphibio]]<ref name="ref_4edc7d9c77b0f50e3e2fe5e6bbf730c7d1c38e44387336ff61d30ae5641cb114">''[[:d:Q19978589|Class Amphibia Gray, 1825]]''</ref><br/>[[Caudata]]
| [[File:Salamandra salamandra MHNT 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59166|Q59166]]
| [[Coelacanthiformes]]
| Coelacanthiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinistia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Sarcopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Coelacanthi]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:201704 Coelacanth.svg|center|32px]]<ref name="ref_c803b47a9a811c1d1de7a662b4f07724085b51a0a9a3d283f07a64c4679d9583">http://togotv.dbcls.jp/ja/togopic.2017.11.html</ref>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59576|Q59576]]
| [[Siluriformes]]
| Siluriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Ostariophysi]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Channelcat.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59577|Q59577]]
| [[Pleuronectiformes]]
| Pleuronectiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[Carangaria]]
| [[File:Pseudopleuronectes americanus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q72506|Q72506]]
| [[Tanaidacea]]
| Tanaidacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tanaissus lilljeborgi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q72554|Q72554]]
| [[Cumacea]]
| Cumacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Iphinoe trispinosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81900|Q81900]]
| [[Calamar|Teuthida]]
| Teuthida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Decapodiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mastigoteuthis flammea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q82982|Q82982]]
| [[Anaspidea]]
| Anaspidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Opisthobranchia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aplysia californica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93760|Q93760]]
| [[Mytilinidiales]]
| Mytilinidiales
| [[Pleosporomycetidae]]
| [[File:2011-07-21 Glonium stellatum 159063.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117659|Q117659]]
| [[Tintinnida]]
| Tintinnida<ref name="ref_a22e64f6276bc7510b1011622a422d0734129d1bdbdeb562e914dcc68ceeece2">''[[:d:Q122310402|A conspectus of the marine and fresh-water ciliata belonging to the suborder Tintinnoinea, with descriptions of new species principally from the Agassiz expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific 1904-1905]]''</ref><ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Choreotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tintinn.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119359|Q119359]]
| [[Xenacanthiformes]]
| Xenacanthiformes
| [[elasmobranchio]]
| [[File:Orthacanthus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119671|Q119671]]
| [[Synbranchiformes]]
| Synbranchiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ildaal.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122422|Q122422]]
| [[Squamata]]
| Squamata<ref name="ref_24a7eb8e81a38172c3624bf7f00866e453e0070f4ab41d62ba13e3cbde9ac8cb">''[[:d:Q13416674|A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes]]''</ref>
| [[Lepidosauria]]
| [[File:Anole and snake.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127044|Q127044]]
| [[Leptostraca]]
| Leptostraca<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Phyllocarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nebalia bipes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127065|Q127065]]
| [[Magnaporthales]]
| Magnaporthales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
| [[File:Magnaporthe grisea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127247|Q127247]]
| [[Ceratobasidiales]]
| Ceratobasidiales
| [[Basidiomycota]]
| [[File:Thanatephorus cucumeris infected peanuts.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127595|Q127595]]
| [[Perciformes]]
| Perciformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:YellowPerch.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128685|Q128685]]
| [[Anguilliformes]]
| Anguilliformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Elopomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Anguillarostratakils.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129513|Q129513]]
| [[Macroscelidea]]
| Macroscelidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Placentarios]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Afroinsectiphilia]]<ref name="ref_8c7ae50354f38805c25d1693d816cd15275879f279e6f1435d35c33a96156eef">''[[:d:Q22813242|The Tree of Life: A Phylogenetic Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Macroscelides. proboscideus.6869.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131011|Q131011]]
| [[Sphenodontia]]
| Sphenodontia
| [[Lepidosauria]]
| [[File:Tuatera.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131181|Q131181]]
| [[Multituberculata]]
| Multituberculata<ref name="ref_cd5bd53cfc10a06da72b95dcc18e5a33576a0b1d47ddce4d6cda7202282fa4c1">''[[:d:Q56700560|The Tertiary Marsupialia]]''</ref>
| [[Allotheria]]
| [[File:Taeniolabis taoensis.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131250|Q131250]]
| [[Mantodea]]
| Mantodea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyoptera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Polyneoptera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mantis religiosa MHNT entière.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131322|Q131322]]
| [[Notoungulata]]
| Notoungulata
| [[Meridiungulata]]
| [[File:Rhynchippus equinus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131447|Q131447]]
| [[Temnospondyli]]
| Temnospondyli
| [[Tetrapoda]]
| [[File:Salamandra salamandra MHNT 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131666|Q131666]]
| [[Embrithopoda]]
| Embrithopoda<ref name="ref_4881f05dc9986e82c443deaa4ad19fc9430b6c86b781d4eb6c26847870622e72">''[[:d:Q126344126|A Suggested Change in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[Paenungulata]]
| [[File:Arsinoitherium zitteli.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131768|Q131768]]
| [[Rhynchosauria]]
| Rhynchosauria
| [[Archosauromorpha]]
| [[File:Hyperodapedon BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131967|Q131967]]
| [[Aetosauria]]
| Aetosauria
| [[Aetosauriformes]]
| [[File:Aetosaurus ferratus.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132153|Q132153]]
| [[Litopterna]]
| Litopterna
| [[Meridiungulata]]
| [[File:Macrauchenia patachonica skull.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132255|Q132255]]
| [[Hypocreales]]
| Hypocreales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]<br/>[[Hypocreomycetidae]]
| [[File:Cordyceps capitata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132667|Q132667]]
| [[Myoida]]
| Myoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Heterodonta]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mya arenaria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132678|Q132678]]
| [[Veneroida]]
| Veneroida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cockle.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132694|Q132694]]
| [[Bruniales]]
| Bruniales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[campanulids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Desfontainia spinosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132815|Q132815]]
| [[Dinocerata]]
| Dinocerata
| [[Uintatheriamorpha]]
| [[File:Prodinoceras plantigradum.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132823|Q132823]]
| [[Bennettitales]]
| Bennettitales<ref name="ref_1f9cddbf99edb8ac8e64b6d612948e7dec9a73cf3a55cbefe2c6143c796a6d7c">http://delta-intkey.com/gymno/www/fosscyca.htm</ref>
| [[Spermatophyta]]
| [[File:Williamsoniaceae Thérèse Ekblom.webp|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132824|Q132824]]
| [[Hesperornithiformes]]
| Hesperornithiformes
| [[Ornithurae]]
| [[File:Hesperornis BW (white background).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132828|Q132828]]
| [[Placodontia]]
| Placodontia
| [[Sauropterygia]]
| [[File:Cyamodus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132961|Q132961]]
| [[Mesonychia]]
| Mesonychia
| [[Laurasiatheria]]
| [[File:Harpagolestes immanis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133041|Q133041]]
| [[Sparassodonta]]
| Sparassodonta
| [[Metatheria]]
| [[File:Lycopsis longirostris.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133047|Q133047]]
| [[Ostreida]]
| Ostreida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Spondylus sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133068|Q133068]]
| [[Choristodera]]
| Choristodera
| [[Archosauromorpha]]
| [[File:Champsosaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133072|Q133072]]
| [[Protorosauria]]
| Protorosauria
| [[Archosauromorpha]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Protorosaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133234|Q133234]]
| [[Gondwanatheria]]
| Gondwanatheria<ref name="ref_dd09157f996652aadeed81a0efb308fdfe6a4e4766065c462ee2fce1a0c1e3bf">''[[:d:Q108541483|Gondwanatheria, un nuevo orden de mamiferos del sudamericanos (Mammalia: Edentata:? Xenarthra)]]''</ref>
| [[Allotheria]]<br/>[[Theriiformes]]
| [[File:Sudamerica jaw.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133270|Q133270]]
| [[Docodonta]]
| Docodonta
| [[Mammaliaformes]]
| [[File:Castorocauda BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133317|Q133317]]
| [[Hexanchiformes]]
| Hexanchiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Squalomorphi]]
| [[File:Chlamydoselachus anguineus head.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133589|Q133589]]
| [[Lecanorales]]
| Lecanorales
| [[Lecanoromycetidae]]
| [[File:Lecanora muralis-2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133684|Q133684]]
| [[Astrapotheria]]
| Astrapotheria
| [[Meridiungulata]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Astraponotus skull.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133915|Q133915]]
| [[Hiodontiformes]]
| Hiodontiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Osteoglossomorpha]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hiodon tergisus NOAA.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133966|Q133966]]
| [[Pseudomonadales]]
| Pseudomonadales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acinetobacter baumannii.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134109|Q134109]]
| [[Agnostida]]
| Agnostida
| [[Trilobita]]
| [[File:Peronopsis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134239|Q134239]]
| [[Chromatiales]]
| Chromatiales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chromatium Okenii al microscopio.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134378|Q134378]]
| [[Leptictida]]
| Leptictida
| [[Placentarios]]
| [[File:Leptictidium auderiense skeleton.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134393|Q134393]]
| [[Cyclophyllidea]]
| Cyclophyllidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eucestoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Taenia solium scolex.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134429|Q134429]]
| [[Oceanospirillales]]
| Oceanospirillales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:GFAJ-1 (grown on arsenic).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134490|Q134490]]
| [[Helotiales]]
| Helotiales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Leotiomycetes]]<br/>[[Leotiomycetidae]]
| [[File:Chlorociboria Haute-Sève 2010-09-24 10.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134577|Q134577]]
| [[Fusulinida]]
| Fusulinida
| [[Foraminifera]]
| [[File:Fusulinids Topeka Limestone Virgilian Greenwood County KS.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134584|Q134584]]
| [[Burkholderiales]]
| Burkholderiales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Burkholderia pseudomallei 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134765|Q134765]]
| [[Polycladida]]
| Polycladida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhabditophora]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a2d60ebf70a4e62cc9a7ae6753dd6c6a96900fb525c591016e68fc251ca4e35">''[[:d:Q82494|National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pseudobiceros hancockanus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134777|Q134777]]
| [[Seymouriamorpha]]
| Seymouriamorpha
| [[Reptiliomorpha]]
| [[File:Seymouria BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134807|Q134807]]
| [[Redlichiida]]
| Redlichiida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:RedlichiidaTakooensis.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134940|Q134940]]
| [[Lysorophia]]
| Lysorophia
| [[Lepospondyli]]
| [[File:Brachydectes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135007|Q135007]]
| [[Nectridea]]
| Nectridea
| [[Lepospondyli]]
| [[File:Diplocaulus vale21DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135008|Q135008]]
| [[Adelospondyli]]
| Adelospondyli
| [[Lepospondyli]]
| [[File:Adelospondylus2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135040|Q135040]]
| [[Zoopagales]]
| Zoopagales
| [[Zoopagomycetes]]
| [[File:Helicocephalum01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135056|Q135056]]
| [[Architaenioglossa]]
| Architaenioglossa<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Caenogastropoda]]
| [[File:Pomacea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135108|Q135108]]
| [[Teloschistales]]
| Teloschistales
| [[Lecanoromycetidae]]
| [[File:Teloschistes chrysophthalmus4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135185|Q135185]]
| [[Hypnales]]
| Hypnales<ref name="ref_1042bb756b687b1faa435c877b0d247ca05f14857d647e92ab46abf701058872">''[[:d:Q38840|Catalogue of Life]]''</ref>
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Hypnum plumaeforme.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135266|Q135266]]
| [[Eurotiales]]
| Eurotiales
| [[Eurotiomycetidae]]
| [[File:Aspergillus.gif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135280|Q135280]]
| [[Taeniodonta]]
| Taeniodonta
| [[Placentarios]]
| [[File:Taeniodonta.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135419|Q135419]]
| [[Eutriconodonta]]
| Eutriconodonta
| [[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:RepenomamusuZICA.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135435|Q135435]]
| [[Pholadomyoida]]
| Pholadomyoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Anomalodesmata]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Brechites attrahens.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135603|Q135603]]
| [[Helioporacea]]
| Helioporacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[Octocorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Blaue Koralle 4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135664|Q135664]]
| [[Limnomedusae]]
| Limnomedusae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Trachylinae]]
| [[File:Olindias formosa1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135666|Q135666]]
| [[Trachymedusae]]
| Trachymedusae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Trachylinae]]
| [[File:HydomedusaeAglanthaDigitale.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135719|Q135719]]
| [[Microsauria]]
| Microsauria
| [[Lepospondyli]]
| [[File:Microbrachis BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136045|Q136045]]
| [[Pterioida]]
| Pterioida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pteriomorphia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pinna Nobilis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136109|Q136109]]
| [[Palaeodictyoptera]]
| Palaeodictyoptera
| [[Palaeodictyopteroidea]]
| [[File:Reconstruction Dunbaria fasciipennis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136129|Q136129]]
| [[Arcellinida]]
| Arcellinida
| [[Tubulinea]]
| [[File:Tecameba.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136146|Q136146]]
| [[Chlorarachniophyte]]
| Chlorarachniophyta<ref name="ref_68fa7692c7b543bcac3db584321f8d4ba0c253f807e0fa1377bd5d0af24a32a7">''[[:d:Q56158636|CYTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CHLORARACHNION REPTANS (CHLORARACHNIOPHYTA DIVISIO NOVA, CHLORARACHNIOPHYCEAE CLASSIS NOVA)]]''</ref>
| [[Chlorarachniophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chlorarachnion reptans.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136219|Q136219]]
| [[Onygenales]]
| Onygenales
| [[Eurotiomycetidae]]
| [[File:Coccidioides immitis microscopy.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136234|Q136234]]
| [[Diadectomorpha]]
| Diadectomorpha
| [[Cotylosauria]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Limnoscelis21DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136529|Q136529]]
| [[Embolomeri]]
| Embolomeri
| [[Anthracosauria]]
| [[File:Archeria BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136575|Q136575]]
| [[Diplomonadida]]
| Diplomonadida<ref name="ref_c067a03c5df967f0bdccbbaad02e009446750ca8443cdba348de126900640fe6">''[[:d:Q51523213|Protozoology : a manual for medical men, veterinarians and zoologists]]''</ref>
| [[Fornicata]]
| [[File:Giardia lamblia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136594|Q136594]]
| [[Rhizobiales]]
| Rhizobiales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bartonella.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136606|Q136606]]
| [[Arthrodira]]
| Arthrodira
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Rolfosteus canningensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136644|Q136644]]
| [[Rickettsiales]]
| Rickettsiales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Rickettsia rickettsii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136663|Q136663]]
| [[Araeoscelidia]]
| Araeoscelidia
| [[Diapsida]]
| [[File:Petrolacosaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137552|Q137552]]
| [[Alcyonacea]]
| Alcyonacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref><ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3bb74a965b6fd2cbe0f3f2377af99ac5821d1679938ef8509d5d61ad26faf752">''[[:d:Q70103268|A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Go...]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ffec58d49c9662ab857860a28567e742fe0e7a7d25bd2d9e4be928a7392858d7">''[[:d:Q70103248|A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, and Calcaxonia – Part I: Introduction, species of Scler...]]''</ref>
| [[Octocorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Muricea elongata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137818|Q137818]]
| [[Onychodontiformes]]
| Onychodontiformes
| [[Sarcopterygii]]
| [[File:OnychodusDB15.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137929|Q137929]]
| [[Prostigmata]]
| Prostigmata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff5fb1c85d7998e2a387c27ecf5d619e45ee3d5a566bf6659af4b067dbc0bafd">''[[:d:Q21074253|Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909]]''</ref>
| [[Trombidiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff5fb1c85d7998e2a387c27ecf5d619e45ee3d5a566bf6659af4b067dbc0bafd">''[[:d:Q21074253|Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinotrichida]]<ref name="ref_e5a81d1b48ca66c3c8f61aa87f1b82d0fb0b5e1bac384261d084c21d921f2dea">''[[:d:Q2745977|Fauna Europaea]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tetranychus urticae 20080601 031.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137933|Q137933]]
| [[Haramiyida]]
| Haramiyida
| [[Mammaliaformes]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haramiyavia clemmenseni life restoration.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138087|Q138087]]
| [[Bdellovibrionales]]
| Bdellovibrionales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Oligoflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Slice from electron cryotomogram of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cell.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138147|Q138147]]
| [[Leptomedusae]]
| Leptomedusae
| [[Hydroidolina]]
| [[File:Aequorea3.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138238|Q138238]]
| [[Campylobacterales]]
| Campylobacterales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Epsilonproteobacteria]]
| [[File:ARS Campylobacter jejuni.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138456|Q138456]]
| [[Glossopteridales]]
| Glossopteridales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
| [[File:Glossopteris sp., seed ferns, Permian - Triassic - Houston Museum of Natural Science - DSC01765.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138602|Q138602]]
| [[Phacopida]]
| Phacopida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tribnod1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139006|Q139006]]
| [[Eugeneodontida]]
| Eugeneodontida
| [[Holocephali]]
| [[File:Helicoprion bessonovi1DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139011|Q139011]]
| [[Hybodontiformes]]
| Hybodontiformes
| [[Hybodonta]]<ref name="ref_5dea26c44a0f8ef39af056c02e3b6ee6be5dc33c0bcc8e8515562329a9cf080f">''[[:d:Q23809256|Fishes of the World (4th edition)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Asteracanthus image.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139031|Q139031]]
| [[Schizaeales]]
| Schizaeales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiopsida]]<br/>[[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Climbing fern.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139057|Q139057]]
| [[Symmoriida]]
| Symmoriida
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
| [[File:Symmorium1DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139099|Q139099]]
| [[Marchantiales]]
| Marchantiales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Marchantiidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Marchantiales cf Conocephalum 20071111.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139566|Q139566]]
| [[Cestida]]
| Cestida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Tentaculata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cestum veneris.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140344|Q140344]]
| [[Bryales]]
| Bryales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Mosses on a tombstone.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140423|Q140423]]
| [[Retortamonadida]]
| Retortamonadida<ref name="ref_21e2e578e1dc61c794ecc1152f97f05b0ab4af6e42119e157a98c432d71e684a">''[[:d:Q109353487|Phylogénie. Protozoaires : Généralités. Flagellés.]]''</ref>
| [[Eopharyngia]]
| [[File:Metamonada retortamonas hexamita giardia.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930|Q140930]]
| [[Narcomedusae]]
| Narcomedusae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_95b7cb6e407571dbe6efd7e31701089d1cea28ae9cd5d35ee91867c79796dfab">''[[:d:Q109076051|Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream]]''</ref>
| [[Trachylinae]]
| [[File:Bathykorus bouilloni.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141240|Q141240]]
| [[Jungermanniales]]
| Jungermanniales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Jungermanniidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Jungermannia subulata (b, 144634-474722) 7627.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141280|Q141280]]
| [[Mucorales]]
| Mucorales
| [[Mucoromycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mature sporangium of a Mucor sp. fungus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141484|Q141484]]
| [[Notaspidea]]
| Notaspidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Opisthobranchia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pleurobranchaea meckelii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141489|Q141489]]
| [[Endogonales]]
| Endogonales
| [[Endogonomycetes]]<ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref>
| [[File:Endogone pisiformis 56016.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141514|Q141514]]
| [[Dicranales]]
| Dicranales
| [[Dicranidae]]
| [[File:Dicranum scoparium 2005.11.13 12.32.51-pb130023.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141962|Q141962]]
| [[Porolepiformes]]
| Porolepiformes
| [[Porolepimorpha]]
| [[File:Various Porolepiformes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142219|Q142219]]
| [[Pleuromeiales]]
| Pleuromeiales
| [[Isoetopsida]]
| [[File:Pleuromeia restoration.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142368|Q142368]]
| [[Aspidochirotida]]
| Aspidochirotida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_23b80758ad1389c3f4fc571aa8731c18bcf8be1f285aad66f1fda148e11b60c7">''[[:d:Q97515613|A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Aspidochirotacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Three-Rowed Sea Cucumber.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142395|Q142395]]
| [[Xenungulata]]
| Xenungulata<ref name="ref_8b80fe0e4108a498c2bc0c730c4d6aa27ed1c8a1b1ede38d1967fed208b525cb">https://archive.org/details/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-99-359-394/page/370</ref>
| [[Meridiungulata]]
| [[File:Carodnia vieirai NT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142660|Q142660]]
| [[Seriata]]
| Seriata
| [[Rhabditophora]]<br/>[[Turbellarios|Turbellaria]]
| [[File:Dugesia subtentaculata 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142754|Q142754]]
| [[Pertusariales]]
| Pertusariales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
| [[File:Pertusaria velata-4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142758|Q142758]]
| [[Pyrenulales]]
| Pyrenulales<ref name="ref_3175a3497f9617ec5e7cd4020d814fd20efd5c51c573809634094e8df6c15b5b">http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=90497</ref>
| [[Chaetothyriomycetidae]]
| [[File:Pyrenula pseudobufonia-5.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142779|Q142779]]
| [[Georgefischeriales]]
| Georgefischeriales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
| [[File:Tilletiopsis spores 160X (2).png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142898|Q142898]]
| [[Morganucodonta]]
| Morganucodonta
| [[Mammaliaformes]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Morganucodon.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q143039|Q143039]]
| [[Sordariales]]
| Sordariales<ref name="ref_0c8ee0a917a4e8a39d91a45e4a20bd79634821969f5beaeb25e5a9eae5df679d">http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=90499</ref>
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
| [[File:Chaetonium (Acremonium) ascospores 160X (2).png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q143044|Q143044]]
| [[Diaporthales]]
| Diaporthales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
| [[File:Apiognomonia errabunda.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q143441|Q143441]]
| [[Pilosa]]
| Pilosa<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Xenarthra]]<br/>[[Placentarios]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pilosa collage.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q143748|Q143748]]
| [[Cyprinodontiformes]]
| Cyprinodontiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mummichog.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144336|Q144336]]
| [[Rhenanida]]
| Rhenanida
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Gemuendina stuertzi by avancna.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144456|Q144456]]
| [[Peltigerales]]
| Peltigerales
| [[Lecanoromycetidae]]
| [[File:Apfelflechte Peltigera aphtosa OhWeh-005.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144538|Q144538]]
| [[Palaeonisciformes]]
| Palaeonisciformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
| [[File:Platysomus gibbosus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144837|Q144837]]
| [[Lepidodendrales]]
| Lepidodendrales
| [[Lycopodiopsida]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lepidophloios.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144930|Q144930]]
| [[Dothideales]]
| Dothideales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
| [[File:Suikerbiet planten Cercospora beticola.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144933|Q144933]]
| [[Doassansiales]]
| Doassansiales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144946|Q144946]]
| [[Endocerida]]
| Endocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
| [[File:Cameroceras trentonese.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144987|Q144987]]
| [[Coronophorales]]
| Coronophorales
| [[Hypocreomycetidae]]
| [[File:2013-06-08 Nitschkia grevillei (Rehm) Nannf 366928.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q144995|Q144995]]
| [[Ophiostomatales]]
| Ophiostomatales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
| [[File:Ophiostoma minus.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q145181|Q145181]]
| [[Verrucariales]]
| Verrucariales<ref name="ref_93fbb7a0c49ef6ed4ee0b76f60d220b65403797a0e18628c814710ab3fbb3809">http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=90504</ref>
| [[Chaetothyriomycetidae]]
| [[File:Verrucaria01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q145853|Q145853]]
| [[Urocystidales]]
| Urocystidales
| [[Ustilaginomycetes]]
| [[File:Urocystis colchici var. cepulae on an onion seedling.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q146286|Q146286]]
| [[Harpacticoida]]
| Harpacticoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Podoplea]]
| [[File:Harpacticoid copepod GLERL 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q146554|Q146554]]
| [[Phyllolepida]]
| Phyllolepida
| [[Arthrodira]]
| [[File:Austrophyllolepis ritchiei.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q146660|Q146660]]
| [[Ophiurida]]
| Ophiurida<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_eb0edf213c89d7f7d1ae99460dd86b2e95a6f2c47f3ca16402d95a1310a11ccd">https://archive.org/details/nzoimemoir00181961/page/n20/mode/1up</ref>
| [[Euryophiurida]]<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haeckel Ophiodea 70.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147256|Q147256]]
| [[Actiniaria]]
| Actiniaria<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref><ref name="ref_424bff340932f940f5aaba13cab228f611fc652aca76cc801b067099f4ac320e">http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/184</ref>
| [[Hexacorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Actiniaria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147296|Q147296]]
| [[Pleosporales]]
| Pleosporales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Pleosporomycetidae]]
| [[File:Chain of conidia of an Alternaria sp. fungus PHIL 3963 lores.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147309|Q147309]]
| [[Elasipodida]]
| Elasipodida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_74e031573bdba5450912104f761e0cc4ad9c3599875851aee7a87f5e0f71800e">''[[:d:Q131405017|A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopoda]]
| [[File:Enypniastes eximia Puerto Rico.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147322|Q147322]]
| [[Lulworthiales]]
| Lulworthiales<ref name="ref_dfeabbc2e5029a20842e2defc27a8d9e8e0cadb5b84c2be800aa60db84b8f92a">''[[:d:Q111622634|Lulworthiales, a new order of marine Ascomycota]]''</ref>
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147328|Q147328]]
| [[Candelariales]]
| Candelariales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Candelariella.coralliza2.-.lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147378|Q147378]]
| [[Entylomatales]]
| Entylomatales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
| [[File:Entyloma achilleae - Lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147585|Q147585]]
| [[Petalichthyida]]
| Petalichthyida
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Diandongpetalichthys liaojiaoshanensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147600|Q147600]]
| [[Drepanophycales]]
| Drepanophycales
| [[Lycopodiopsida]]
| [[File:Asteroxylon fossil.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147907|Q147907]]
| [[Eurypygiformes]]
| Eurypygiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Eurypygimorphae]]
| [[File:Eurypyga heliasPCCA20051227-2000B.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q147918|Q147918]]
| [[Sphaerocarpales]]
| Sphaerocarpales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Sphaerocarpidae]]<br/>[[Marchantiidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sphaerocarpos texanus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148509|Q148509]]
| [[Iniopterygiformes]]
| Iniopterygia
| [[Holocephali]]
| [[File:Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148523|Q148523]]
| [[Petalodontiformes]]
| Petalodontiformes
| [[Holocephali]]
| [[File:Belantsea montana.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148539|Q148539]]
| [[Caytoniales]]
| Caytoniales
| [[Caytoniopsida]]<ref name="ref_be93d6eeafb8ef6627a269e8e5499bf9f5403d8c1b26dd3ff62590f579f81c17">''[[:d:Q2578548|Tropicos]]''</ref>
| [[File:Caytonia reconstruction Retallack and Dilcher 1988.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148671|Q148671]]
| [[Coniochaetales]]
| Coniochaetales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148738|Q148738]]
| [[Microascales]]
| Microascales
| [[Hypocreomycetidae]]
| [[File:Thielaviopsis basicola 1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148747|Q148747]]
| [[Arthoniales]]
| Arthoniales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Arthoniomycetes]]
| [[File:Cryptothecia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148779|Q148779]]
| [[Euglyphida]]
| Euglyphida
| [[Silicofilosea]]
| [[File:Euglypha sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148806|Q148806]]
| [[Stemonitida]]
| Stemonitales
| [[Myxogastria]]<br/>[[Columellidia]]
| [[File:Stemonitis fusca.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148843|Q148843]]
| [[Nitrosomonadales]]
| Nitrosomonadales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Spirillen.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149036|Q149036]]
| [[Dactylopodida]]
| Dactylopodida<ref name="ref_11a9ad48592d8b890e9ed53e951a7d0f6e43ad2c23be7df7feb9ddb2e21d23cd">''[[:d:Q28273073|Molecular Phylogeny and Classification of the Lobose Amoebae]]''</ref>
| [[Flabellinia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149055|Q149055]]
| [[Gyrocotylidea]]
| Gyrocotylidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Cestodaria]]
| [[File:Gyrocotyle rugosa.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149088|Q149088]]
| [[Bacillales]]
| Bacillales
| [[Bacilli]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bacillus coagulans 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149121|Q149121]]
| [[Lobata]]
| Lobata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Tentaculata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bathocyroe fosteri.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149732|Q149732]]
| [[Rotaliida]]
| Rotaliida
| [[Rotaliana]]
| [[File:Ammonia beccarii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149753|Q149753]]
| [[Chaetosphaeriales]]
| Chaetosphaeriales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149759|Q149759]]
| [[Cyttariales]]
| Cyttariales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
| [[File:Cyttaria berteroi Berk 884973.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149770|Q149770]]
| [[Myriangiales]]
| Myriangiales
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
| [[File:Elsinoe veneta - Lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149777|Q149777]]
| [[Microstromatales]]
| Microstromatales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149808|Q149808]]
| [[Umbilicariales]]
| Umbilicariales<ref name="ref_fbf2917bb319fbfb1f3fce3a3618112b4e4cb04e2fea681c0bf126cefbce44e8">http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=90783</ref>
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Umbilicaria hyperborea 45083.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149824|Q149824]]
| [[Coryneliales]]
| Coryneliales
| [[Eurotiomycetes]]
| [[File:Caliciopsis pinea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149934|Q149934]]
| [[Acidithiobacillales]]
| Acidithiobacillales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Acidithiobacillia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150198|Q150198]]
| [[Miliolida]]
| Miliolida
| [[Tubothalamea]]
| [[File:QuinqueloculinaDonegalBay.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150578|Q150578]]
| [[Unionoida]]
| Unionida<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[Palaeoheterodonta]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Anodonta anatina1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150593|Q150593]]
| [[Antiarchi]]
| Antiarchi
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Yunnanolepis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150619|Q150619]]
| [[Climatiiformes]]
| Climatiiformes
| [[Acanthodii]]
| [[File:Climatius.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150624|Q150624]]
| [[Lepidosireniformes]]
| Lepidosireniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[Dipnoi]]<br/>[[Sarcopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[File:Protopterus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150631|Q150631]]
| [[Nuculoida]]
| Nuculoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Protobranchia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acila cobboldiae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150634|Q150634]]
| [[Ischnacanthiformes]]
| Ischnacanthiformes
| [[Acanthodii]]
| [[File:Ishnacanthus gracilis.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150639|Q150639]]
| [[Orthida]]
| Orthida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
| [[File:PlatystrophiaOrdovician.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150893|Q150893]]
| [[Cyclostomatida]]
| Cyclostomatida
| [[Stenolaemata]]<ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mesonea radians.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q151079|Q151079]]
| [[Cydippida]]
| Cydippida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Tentaculata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:LightRefractsOf comb-rows of ctenophore Mertensia ovum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q156438|Q156438]]
| [[Neuroptera]]
| Neuroptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Neuropterida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Myrmeleontidae roesel.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q157114|Q157114]]
| [[Cycadales]]
| Cycadales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Cycadopsida]]<br/>[[Cycadidae]]<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cycas circinalis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q164689|Q164689]]
| [[Meganisoptera]]
| Meganisoptera
| [[Euodonatoptera]]<ref name="ref_e9d2a3f834fdc76fc2b4d78e11526f3478130567a74b8ddb2bc808940ae86b88">''[[:d:Q56941092|New results concerning the morphology of the most ancient dragonflies (Insecta: Odonatoptera) from the Namurian of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Meganeura monyi au Museum de Toulouse.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q167810|Q167810]]
| [[Orthoptera]]
| Orthoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a9b0999ffe89002f31f4bf69dadd3a355ceac4a6d7eb5a3090ffd72a8a074dd8">''[[:d:Q21057176|Order Orthoptera Olivier, 1789 (English)]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]<br/>[[Panorthoptera]]<ref name="ref_c8dae2d19519e7ebc19b71e5f14220b6a8ef8aebfd931f8c6322beb01fed68bc">''[[:d:Q28938232|Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov.]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leptophyes punctatissima 20050808 028.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q174273|Q174273]]
| [[Ephemeroptera]]
| Ephemeroptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_efb489ed9dd80457344d72b6b244c966cc452d866892a3c66c453cabcc12990d">''[[:d:Q51419553|Insecta]]''</ref>
| [[Pterygota]]<br/>[[Heptabranchia]]<ref name="ref_18fc2a99f68c76b2c0c277b7532af049a6ff8e684ad72a4e0d7b5a4bff719d1b">''[[:d:Q56940988|Revision of the giant pterygote insect Bojophlebia prokopi Kukalová-Peck, 1985 (Hydropalaeoptera: Bojophlebiidae) from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic, with the first cladistic analysis of fossil palaeopterous insects]]''</ref><ref name="ref_060e91764ac49f3414cb8d658d3ff1dfa1f44364762c55d102439366084f6e71">''[[:d:Q54506024|Coxoplectoptera, a new fossil order of Palaeoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta), with comments on the phylogeny of the stem group of mayflies (Ephemeroptera)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eintagsfliege fg01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q177879|Q177879]]
| [[Cypriniformes]]
| Cypriniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Cypriniphysae]]
| [[File:Cierniooczek długonosy (Acantopsis choirorhynchos).JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q179204|Q179204]]
| [[Pterosauria]]
| Pterosauria
| [[Pterosauromorpha]]
| [[File:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q183364|Q183364]]
| [[Cuculiformes]]
| Cuculiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Otidimorphae]]
| [[File:Chestnut-breasted Malkoha2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q183383|Q183383]]
| [[Dermoptera]]
| Dermoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Primatomorpha]]
| [[File:Colugo (Galeopterus variegatus, adult female), Central Catchment Area, Singapore - 20060618.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q184479|Q184479]]
| [[Sepiida]]
| Sepiida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Decapodiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ascarosepion latimanus (Reef cuttlefish) dark coloration.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q184616|Q184616]]
| [[Trichoptera]]
| Trichoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1790a56c8b13390db4d19b0bae418fecbf13c94ece22340b3a28119a83d377ee">''[[:d:Q21044786|Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (English)]]''</ref>
| [[Amphiesmenoptera]]<ref name="ref_02af895060b425d12c2753dbdea43a4b501bb7cc8f8f27e68e4380571e63d14f">''[[:d:Q28072935|Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lepidostoma.hirtum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q185628|Q185628]]
| [[Thysanoptera]]
| Thysanoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_9ea2dfa9b488710500aba93005766a2cf59be04cc804abdf162825465345e303">''[[:d:Q21045176|Order Thysanoptera Haliday, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Paraneoptera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Thysanoptera.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q186334|Q186334]]
| [[Saurischia]]
| Saurischia
| [[Dinosauria]]
| [[File:Herrerasaurusskeleton.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q188029|Q188029]]
| [[Phasmatodea]]
| Phasmida<ref name="ref_c476315743d9b1256b6cf35891c322a92892c70c30beacc44619346e48a190f3">''[[:d:Q21055950|Order Phasmida Leach, 1815]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Eukinolabia]]<ref name="ref_bfb68a78f1f6fe9ff6cf88c875b7263373ffd7ad24a431ecbbe1de9be5260767">''[[:d:Q54311073|Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Malaysische Gespensterschrecke.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q191488|Q191488]]
| [[Ornithischia]]
| Ornithischia
| [[Dinosauria]]
| [[File:Ornithischia.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q192422|Q192422]]
| [[Acipenseriformes]]
| Acipenseriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acipenser oxyrhynchus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q193389|Q193389]]
| [[Clupeiformes]]
| Clupeiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Clupeomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Clupei]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Alosa fallax.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q193418|Q193418]]
| [[Amphipoda]]
| Amphipoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ee8537fe54ade0dcdc4fbfa63340b3c335371f7829b3e40edc08a503500cf708">''[[:d:Q104204003|Uptaded checklist, historical overview and illustrated guide to the stygobiont Malacostraca (Arthropoda: Crustacea) species of Yucatan (Mexico)]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gammarus roeselii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q194025|Q194025]]
| [[Megaloptera]]
| Megaloptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Neuropterida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Corydalus cornutus MHNT male.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q194515|Q194515]]
| [[Ichthyosauria]]
| Ichthyosauria
| [[Eoichthyosauria]]
| [[File:Harpoceras & Ichtyosaure (p).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q195590|Q195590]]
| [[Onslowiales]]
| Onslowiales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyotophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q195605|Q195605]]
| [[Scleractinia]]
| Scleractinia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[Hexacorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Brain coral.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q196240|Q196240]]
| [[Ishigeales]]
| Ishigeales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f848045acd8cdb2b3ce278fd54a113214e623e1f14107bcd1f9001724ab6b8ea">''[[:d:Q54621615|A new brown algal order, Ishigeales (Phaeophyceae), established on the basis of plastid protein-coding rbcL, psaA, and psbA region comparisons]]''</ref>
| [[Ishigeophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ishige okamurae.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q199077|Q199077]]
| [[Desmidiales]]
| Desmidiales
| [[Zygnematophyceae]]
| [[File:Micrasterias radiata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q203547|Q203547]]
| [[Plecoptera]]
| Plecoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]
| [[File:Eusthenia sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q203779|Q203779]]
| [[Zingiberales]]
| Zingiberales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref>
| [[File:Alpinia zerumbet2CaryCass.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q205301|Q205301]]
| [[Mecoptera]]
| Mecoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Antliophora]]<br/>[[Holometabola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bittacidae fg1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q205712|Q205712]]
| [[Sipuncula]]
| Sipuncula<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref>
| [[Annelida]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sipuncula.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q206338|Q206338]]
| [[Isopoda]]
| Isopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eurydice pulchra.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q206636|Q206636]]
| [[Tremellales]]
| Tremellales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
| [[File:Tremella closeup.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q206948|Q206948]]
| [[Lophiiformes]]
| Lophiiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Eupercaria]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Percomorpha]]
| [[File:Caulophryne pelagica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q208777|Q208777]]
| [[Scorpaeniformes]]
| Scorpaeniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pterois antennata-3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q211837|Q211837]]
| [[Tetraodontiformes]]
| Tetraodontiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Eupercaria]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:MolaMola Lisboa20051020 Modified.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q212492|Q212492]]
| [[Gasterosteiformes]]
| Gasterosteiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gasterosteus aculeatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q213333|Q213333]]
| [[Dasyuromorphia]]
| Dasyuromorphia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Australidelphia]]<br/>[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Agreodontia]]
| [[File:Dasyurus maculatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q216241|Q216241]]
| [[Gadiformes]]
| Gadiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[File:Phycis blennoides.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q217458|Q217458]]
| [[Characiformes]]
| Characiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Ostariophysi]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Characiphysae]]
| [[File:Brycinus longipinnis.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q217516|Q217516]]
| [[Raphidioptera]]
| Raphidioptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Endopterygota]]<br/>[[Holometabola]]<br/>[[Neuropterida]]
| [[File:Dichrostigma flavipes beentree.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q219143|Q219143]]
| [[Russulales]]
| Russulales
| [[Agaricomycetidae]]
| [[File:Russula emetica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q220877|Q220877]]
| [[Asaphida]]
| Asaphida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Libristoma]]<br/>[[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Asaphus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q221315|Q221315]]
| [[Spirochaetales]]
| Spirochaetales
| [[Spirochaetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:20100905 211652 Spirochetes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q221448|Q221448]]
| [[Agaricales]]
| Agaricales
| [[Agaricomycetidae]]
| [[File:Agaricus campestris.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q223044|Q223044]]
| [[Testudines]]
| Testudines<ref name="ref_fb8d2bc8bdd470edbdab937dcac9149c061092dc9fce863f9589fee4cee04480">''[[:d:Q14565809|Checklist of Chelonians of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3d0a04d5d568947e733eb4a78351670f2dec86e71af757406424a3027e5b5dcc">''[[:d:Q19317171|Order Testudines: 2013 update]]''</ref>
| [[Perichelydia]]<br/>[[Archosauromorpha]]<ref name="ref_a543ce7ab4c2233f2401ba3d92a9216bfd5dda6deb11657a5133336b00351c01">''[[:d:Q24601429|More than 1000 ultraconserved elements provide evidence that turtles are the sister group of archosaurs]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8351c69cced47e0e6ced94416f679b9c2fd6cc225da7497827b5215de73a1623">''[[:d:Q34386457|Turtle origins: insights from phylogenetic retrofitting and molecular scaffolds]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7f8384de4f155d5912d5e2a640f39b589e737fd5e81fdbeca4b656cb2393117">''[[:d:Q24607249|MicroRNAs support a turtle + lizard clade]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hawaii turtle 2.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q223597|Q223597]]
| [[Oomycota]]
| Oomycota
| [[Stramenopiles]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref><br/>[[Chromista]]<br/>[[Heterokonta]]
| [[File:Phytophtora reproduction.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q224470|Q224470]]
| [[Lamniformes]]
| Lamniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Galeomorphi]]
| [[File:White shark.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q226951|Q226951]]
| [[Thysanura]]
| Thysanura
| [[Apterygota]]
| [[File:Silverfish 2007-2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q231550|Q231550]]
| [[Scandentia]]
| Scandentia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Euarchonta]]
| [[File:Tupaia belangeri -Kaeng Krachan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q241493|Q241493]]
| [[Valvatida]]
| Valvatida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e4d07856bacf3074afeadf174e5899cb73264a0585b33b7cb846612d51c9d300">''[[:d:Q29997700|A reassessment of the sea-star orders Valvatida and Spinulosida]]''</ref>
| [[Valvatacea]]
| [[File:Mediaster aequalis on glass.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q244417|Q244417]]
| [[Sepiolida]]
| Sepiolida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Decapodiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sepiola atlantica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q244587|Q244587]]
| [[Peramelemorphia]]
| Peramelemorphia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Australidelphia]]<br/>[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Agreodontia]]
| [[File:Taxidermied Bandicoot.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q245424|Q245424]]
| [[Zygopteridales]]
| Zygopteridales
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
| [[File:Alloiopteris erosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q245695|Q245695]]
| [[Ceriantharia]]
| Ceriantharia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[Hexacorallia]]<ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ceriantharia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q246457|Q246457]]
| [[Spirostreptida]]
| Spirostreptida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Helminthomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Juliformia]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hangzhou - millipede - CIMG2473.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q247134|Q247134]]
| [[Lithobiomorpha]]
| Lithobiomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[Pleurostigmophora]]<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eupolybothrus cavernicolus male paratype.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q254606|Q254606]]
| [[Atheriniformes]]
| Atheriniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Red m boesemani.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q255460|Q255460]]
| [[Chlorococcales]]
| Chlorococcales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
| [[File:Chlorococcales composite.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q260031|Q260031]]
| [[Orectolobiformes]]
| Orectolobiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Galeomorphi]]<br/>[[elasmobranchio]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Spotted wobbegong.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q261485|Q261485]]
| [[Lampreda|Petromyzontiformes]]
| Petromyzontiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Cephalaspidomorphi]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Petromyzontida]]<ref name="ref_17a7637d05efc4bdee91d7cd9444c97f8d90559ef37bbf85b81f201c22d3cdc9">''[[:d:Q20425914|Dyntaxa]]''</ref><br/>[[Petromyzonti]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Jõesilmud2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q269195|Q269195]]
| [[Plesiosauria]]
| Plesiosauria
| [[Pistosauria]]
| [[File:Plesiosaurus dolich1DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q269303|Q269303]]
| [[Pandanales]]
| Pandanales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Starr 010209-0264 Pandanus tectorius.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q271623|Q271623]]
| [[Psocoptera]]
| Psocoptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Paraneoptera]]
| [[File:Graphopsocus cruciatus 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q275668|Q275668]]
| [[Bursovaginoidea]]
| Bursovaginoidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gnathostomulida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q275913|Q275913]]
| [[Chaetonotida]]
| Chaetonotida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gastrotricha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0e21d2f391eca5f2f3be713442cd269e6faf987853d7d220a83e592a345f2dad">''[[:d:Q18642824|Phylum Gastrotricha]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lepidodermella squamatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q277471|Q277471]]
| [[Crown jellyfish]]
| Coronatae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Coronamedusae]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nausithoe aurea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q282015|Q282015]]
| [[Polydesmida]]
| Polydesmida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Helminthomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Merochaeta]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Harpaphe haydeniana 001.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q290349|Q290349]]
| [[Commelinales]]
| Commelinales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Flor - Quintana Roo - México.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q303573|Q303573]]
| [[Phallales]]
| Phallales
| [[Phallomycetidae]]
| [[File:Phallus impudicus7 Stinkhorn.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q310364|Q310364]]
| [[Dictyosteliida]]
| Dictyosteliida
| [[Dictyostelia]]
| [[File:Dictyostelium Late Aggregation 1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q319520|Q319520]]
| [[Pelycosauria]]
| Pelycosauria
| [[Synapsida]]
| [[File:Dimetrodon milleri (1).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q327144|Q327144]]
| [[Strepsiptera]]
| Strepsiptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Coleopterida]]<ref name="ref_9358a00ae7ae162479e003143d1f49241dbd7fce9bce891cb3c7aa3146136e52">''[[:d:Q105357584|Relationships among coleopteran suborders and major endoneopteran lineages: Evidence from hind wing characters]]''</ref><br/>[[Coleopteroidea]]<ref name="ref_3b041b8940889283b7736a24e58f8ce0d692c5bfdf22bdf581a157ca99478b5d">''[[:d:Q110445386|Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea]]''</ref><br/>[[Holometabola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Elenchus koebelei.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q328082|Q328082]]
| [[Afrosoricida]]
| Afrosoricida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Afroinsectiphilia]]
| [[File:Tanrek.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q329667|Q329667]]
| [[Beloniformes]]
| Beloniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Exvol u0.gif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q334855|Q334855]]
| [[Stomatopoda]]
| Stomatopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Hoplocarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Curious mantis shrimp from Gilli Banta reef.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q337750|Q337750]]
| [[Acanthodiformes]]
| Acanthodiformes
| [[Acanthodii]]
| [[File:Acanthodes BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q342882|Q342882]]
| [[Acrotretida]]
| Acrotretida
| [[Lingulata]]
| [[File:Prototreta trapeze.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q343452|Q343452]]
| [[Actinomycetales]]
| Actinomycetales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Actinomyces israelii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q378085|Q378085]]
| [[Belemnitida]]
| Belemnitida
| [[Decapodiformes]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:BelemniteDB2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q379768|Q379768]]
| [[Esociformes]]
| Esociformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Protacanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hecht.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q388162|Q388162]]
| [[Siphonaptera]]
| Siphonaptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Panorpida]]<br/>[[Antliophora]]<br/>[[Holometabola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Flea Scanning Electron Micrograph False Color.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q394207|Q394207]]
| [[Aglaspidida]]
| Aglaspidida<ref name="ref_63930ecd907261be13192034c1e5d1ff5281f92f5557152cb7838dbb18bc615a">''[[:d:Q56697942|A new aglaspidid euarthropod with a six-segmented trunk from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco]]''</ref>
| [[Vicissicaudata]]<ref name="ref_176e52aedf8ba2b919cfd14ec073e5d6e0a8bf102769e9acaf6acc3e0ed71557">''[[:d:Q56430757|The phylogeny of aglaspidid arthropods and the internal relationships within Artiopoda]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fa22ac1efe899ab0b30e4c6ba5da69d7987e9aae106f8fbf53f391b976b105e8">''[[:d:Q41327881|The Vicissicaudata revisited - insights from a new aglaspidid arthropod with caudal appendages from the Furongian of China]]''</ref>
| [[File:Beckwithia collection Paul Hille.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q395280|Q395280]]
| [[Agoniatitida]]
| Agoniatitida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
| [[File:Gasteropods - Ammonites - Agoniatites obliquus.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q422417|Q422417]]
| [[Cordaitales]]
| Cordaitales
| [[Spermatophyta]]
| [[File:Cordaites lungatus JdP.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q445364|Q445364]]
| [[Archaeogastropoda]]
| Archaeogastropoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Prosobranchia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Calliostoma annulatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q452969|Q452969]]
| [[Dinornithiformes]]
| Dinornithiformes
| [[Palaeognathae]]
| [[File:Giant Haasts eagle attacking New Zealand moa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q465575|Q465575]]
| [[Squaliformes]]
| Squaliformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Squalomorphi]]<br/>[[elasmobranchio]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Centrophorus granulosus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q467392|Q467392]]
| [[Embioptera]]
| Embioptera
| [[Polyneoptera]]<br/>[[Eukinolabia]]<ref name="ref_bfb68a78f1f6fe9ff6cf88c875b7263373ffd7ad24a431ecbbe1de9be5260767">''[[:d:Q54311073|Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Embia major.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q476656|Q476656]]
| [[Rhodospirillales]]
| Rhodospirillales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:M. gryphiswaldense.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q478007|Q478007]]
| [[Capnodiales]]
| Capnodiales
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
| [[File:Septoria-tritici.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q478553|Q478553]]
| [[Calanoida]]
| Calanoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gymnoplea]]
| [[File:Diaptomus GLERL 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q484131|Q484131]]
| [[Coraciiformes]]
| Coraciiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Picocoraciae]]
| [[File:European roller.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q489845|Q489845]]
| [[Aeromonadales]]
| Aeromonadales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Aeromonas hydrophila.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q496637|Q496637]]
| [[Beroida]]
| Beroida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Nuda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Zooplankton2 300.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q497859|Q497859]]
| [[Zygnematales]]
| Zygnematales
| [[Zygnematophyceae]]
| [[File:20100417 005205 Zygnema.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q503667|Q503667]]
| [[Pristiophoriformes]]
| Pristiophoriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Squalomorphi]]<ref name="ref_e15368fd420c777ba2608cb300ef96bc5cf521014a821d17ae2db180d989550d">''[[:d:Q60731916|Fishes of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pristiophorus japonicus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q507287|Q507287]]
| [[Platyctenida]]
| Platyctenida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Tentaculata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Coeloplana astericola (Benthic ctenophores) on Echniaster luzonicus (Seastar).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q534535|Q534535]]
| [[Tricladida]]
| Tricladida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhabditophora]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dugesia subtentaculata 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q540042|Q540042]]
| [[Hysterangiales]]
| Hysterangiales
| [[Phallomycetidae]]
| [[File:Hysterangium stoloniferum Rissige Schwanztrüffel.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q540502|Q540502]]
| [[Zoraptera]]
| Zoraptera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]<br/>[[Haplocercata]]<ref name="ref_bfb68a78f1f6fe9ff6cf88c875b7263373ffd7ad24a431ecbbe1de9be5260767">''[[:d:Q54311073|Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Zorotypus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q545225|Q545225]]
| [[Pleurogona]]
| Pleurogona<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ascidiacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Botrylloidesleachi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q547507|Q547507]]
| [[Lampriformes]]
| Lampriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Teleostei]]<br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Lampridiomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lophotus lacepede.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q568755|Q568755]]
| [[Osmeriformes]]
| Osmeriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Protacanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hypomesus transpacificus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q573940|Q573940]]
| [[Lyginopteridales]]
| Lyginopteridales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
| [[File:Diplopteridium holdenii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q574457|Q574457]]
| [[Ophidiiformes]]
| Ophidiiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Percomorpha]]<br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Fawn cusk-eel.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q577459|Q577459]]
| [[Asiadelphia]]
| Asiadelphia<ref name="ref_3cc6eab950d2f73b09677bbef7782b3433cad28d5ccb1bf9c2dca8a6df73646c">''[[:d:Q28775908|New Cretaceous marsupial from Mongolia and the early radiation of Metatheria]]''</ref>
| [[Marsupialiformes]]
| [[File:Asiatherium reshetovi holotype cast - ZooKeys 465 (skull).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q577485|Q577485]]
| [[Prochlorales]]
| Prochlorales<ref name="ref_e61f0d89fabfea3f88e752201bf9e5a021c672de801c3fd4b4481344f3c03e7c">''[[:d:Q45311013|Nomenclature of Prochloron didemni (Lewin 1977) sp. nov., nom. rev., Prochloron (Lewin 1976) gen. nov., nom. rev., Prochloraceae fam. nov., Prochlorales ord. nov., nom. rev. in the class Photobacteria Gibbons and Murray 1978]]''</ref>
| [[Cyanophyceae]]
| [[File:Prochlorales.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q579822|Q579822]]
| [[Vampyromorphida]]
| Vampyromorpha
| [[Octopodiformes]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Vampire des abysses.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q580166|Q580166]]
| [[Allogromiida]]
| Allogromiida
| [[Monothalamea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q581782|Q581782]]
| [[Myctophiformes]]
| Myctophiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Myctophata]]
| [[File:Messina Straits Myctophum punctatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q584651|Q584651]]
| [[Gigartinales]]
| Gigartinales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Callophyllis japonica.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q587355|Q587355]]
| [[Basommatophora]]
| Basommatophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pulmonata]]
| [[File:Spitzschlammschnecke.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q590261|Q590261]]
| [[Noctilucales]]
| Noctilucales
| [[Dinoflagellata]]
| [[File:Noctiluca scintillans unica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q594740|Q594740]]
| [[Ustilaginales]]
| Ustilaginales
| [[Ustilaginomycetes]]
| [[File:Huitlacoche.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q596196|Q596196]]
| [[Glomerales]]
| Glomerales
| [[Glomeromycetes]]
| [[File:Glomus mosseae.tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q600229|Q600229]]
| [[Triuridales]]
| Triuridales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Alismatidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Triuridanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Pandananae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lacandonia.PNG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q603568|Q603568]]
| [[Linales]]
| Linales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Geranianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Linum usitatissimum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-088.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604064|Q604064]]
| [[Gomphales]]
| Gomphales
| [[Phallomycetidae]]
| [[File:Clavariadelphus ligula 060922b.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604358|Q604358]]
| [[Trichiida]]
| Trichiida
| [[Myxogastria]]
| [[File:Hemitrichia serpula 57955.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604373|Q604373]]
| [[Liceida]]
| Liceales<ref name="ref_d2c68a5c6d873e987bc8e56d7ac35416cfc37e39bd6d5c281a522efe25929266">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/taxonomy/211104/names/</ref>
| [[Lucisporidia]]
| [[File:Lycogala epidendrum - Pink and brown slime molds.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604856|Q604856]]
| [[Anagalida]]
| Anagaloidea
| [[Preptotheria]]<br/>[[Anagalida]]
| [[File:Anagale gobiensis NT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q605509|Q605509]]
| [[Protosteliales]]
| Protosteliales<ref name="ref_d8891ef4702fd6bb4cb9a06ca9fb4d4a8c928be365ce4b2f530119dfec3b667b">''[[:d:Q34244710|The Protostelida--a new order of the Mycetozoa.]]''</ref>
| [[Variosea]]
| [[File:Ceratiomyxa tunohokori01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q606885|Q606885]]
| [[Bellerophontida]]
| Bellerophontida
| [[Prosobranchia]]
| [[File:Bucanopsis leda.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q610217|Q610217]]
| [[Hymenochaetales]]
| Hymenochaetales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Inonotus tamaricis 01.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q618825|Q618825]]
| [[Apodida]]
| Apodida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_23b80758ad1389c3f4fc571aa8731c18bcf8be1f285aad66f1fda148e11b60c7">''[[:d:Q97515613|A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Paractinopoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Synaptula lamberti.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q618894|Q618894]]
| [[Oxymonadida]]
| Oxymonadida<ref name="ref_21e2e578e1dc61c794ecc1152f97f05b0ab4af6e42119e157a98c432d71e684a">''[[:d:Q109353487|Phylogénie. Protozoaires : Généralités. Flagellés.]]''</ref>
| [[Metamonada]]
| [[File:Monocermonoides melolanthae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q621519|Q621519]]
| [[Stephanoberyciformes]]
| Stephanoberyciformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[File:Scopelogadus mizolepis mizolepis.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q621582|Q621582]]
| [[Saccopharyngiformes]]
| Saccopharyngiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Elopomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eurypharynx.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q621829|Q621829]]
| [[Peronosporales]]
| Peronosporales<ref name="ref_5f6d6752998ee4b92da9182b2e6ed0620f64bf0068f51eefebcaa1f7a6fd6c34">''[[:d:Q51409324|Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz]]''</ref>
| [[Peronosporea]]<br/>[[Peronosporidae]]<br/>[[Oomycota]]
| [[File:Albugo candida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q623232|Q623232]]
| [[Cyatheales]]
| Cyatheales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dicksonia antarctica in Nunniong, Australia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q628915|Q628915]]
| [[Pennales]]
| Pennales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Diatoms through the microscope.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q631141|Q631141]]
| [[Spatangoida]]
| Spatangoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Atelostomata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Echinocardium cordatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q636042|Q636042]]
| [[Desulfuromonadales]]
| Desulfuromonadales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Desulfuromonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q636577|Q636577]]
| [[Baeomycetales]]
| Baeomycetales
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Baeomyces rufus 280208a.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q637179|Q637179]]
| [[Archaeognatha]]
| Archaeognatha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Monocondylia]]
| [[File:Petrobius maritimus 2010-06-02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q638722|Q638722]]
| [[Pholidoskepia]]
| Pholidoskepia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Solenogastres]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q650692|Q650692]]
| [[Syngnathiformes]]
| Syngnathiformes<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Syngnatharia]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ornate Ghost Pipefish (6997593631).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q653782|Q653782]]
| [[Petrosaviales]]
| Petrosaviales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Japonolirion osense 1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q654053|Q654053]]
| [[Agelasida]]
| Agelasida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Agelas oroides Capo Gallo 025.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q655731|Q655731]]
| [[Batrachoidiformes]]
| Batrachoidiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Batrachoidaria]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Opsanus beta 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q655831|Q655831]]
| [[Condylarthra]]
| Condylarthra
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[File:The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America (1910) (17918467786).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q657570|Q657570]]
| [[Stomiiformes]]
| Stomiiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Stenopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Stomiati]]
| [[File:Fish4104 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q659629|Q659629]]
| [[Boletales]]
| Boletales
| [[Agaricomycetidae]]
| [[File:AD2009Sep13 Boletus edulis 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q660555|Q660555]]
| [[Pezizales]]
| Pezizales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Pezizomycetes]]
| [[File:Truffle.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q665771|Q665771]]
| [[Spelaeogriphacea]]
| Spelaeogriphacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Spelaeogriphus lepidops (10.3897-subtbiol.36.60162) Figure 1 (cropped).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q670109|Q670109]]
| [[Urticales]]
| Urticales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Urticanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Malvanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q676427|Q676427]]
| [[Entomoplasmatales]]
| Entomoplasmatales
| [[Mollicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Spiro.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q682200|Q682200]]
| [[Paxillosida]]
| Paxillosida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c23210f9ce477857dd7bf2302d3eaec6938db3a157f88953b76cba160306b5e5">''[[:d:Q94305626|New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer]]''</ref>
| [[Asteroidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Valvatacea]]
| [[File:Luidia magnifica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q682437|Q682437]]
| [[Limoida]]
| Limoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pteriomorphia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Limidae species.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q685518|Q685518]]
| [[Leucosolenida]]
| Leucosolenida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Calcaronea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haeckel Calcispongiae Grantia compressa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q686325|Q686325]]
| [[Trombidiformes]]
| Trombidiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff5fb1c85d7998e2a387c27ecf5d619e45ee3d5a566bf6659af4b067dbc0bafd">''[[:d:Q21074253|Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909]]''</ref>
| [[Acariformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Trombidium holosericeum (aka).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q689001|Q689001]]
| [[Amborellales]]
| Amborellales<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Angiospermae|angiosperms]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amborella trichopoda 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q691406|Q691406]]
| [[Creodonta]]
| Creodonta
| [[Ferae]]
| [[File:Hyaenodon Heinrich Harder.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q698425|Q698425]]
| [[Anaeroplasmatales]]
| Anaeroplasmatales
| [[Mollicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q721247|Q721247]]
| [[Notacanthiformes]]
| Notacanthiformes<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Elopomorpha]]<br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Notacanthus chemnitzii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q722052|Q722052]]
| [[Halocyprida]]
| Halocyprida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Myodocopa]]
| [[File:Conchoecilla daphnoides (YPM IZ 104961).jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q722760|Q722760]]
| [[Myodocopida]]
| Myodocopida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Myodocopa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Copepod (unknown species).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q724194|Q724194]]
| [[Cercomonadida]]
| Cercomonadida
| [[Cercozoa]]
| [[File:Cercomonas sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q724556|Q724556]]
| [[Ebriid]]
| Ebriacea
| [[Cercozoa]]
| [[File:Ebria tripartita.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q726880|Q726880]]
| [[Deltatheroida]]
| Deltatheroida
| [[Metatheria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q728681|Q728681]]
| [[Pygocephalomorpha]]
| Pygocephalomorpha
| [[Peracarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q729975|Q729975]]
| [[Diadematoida]]
| Diadematoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Acroechinoidea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Diademseeigel.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q733080|Q733080]]
| [[Phyllodocida]]
| Phyllodocida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Errantia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tomopteriskils.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q733595|Q733595]]
| [[Nudibranchia]]
| Nudibranchia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Nudipleura]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Berghia coerulescens (Laurillard, 1830).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q735595|Q735595]]
| [[Myllokunmingiiformes]]
| Myllokunmingiiformes
| [[Agnatha]]
| [[File:Myllokunmingia.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q741476|Q741476]]
| [[Phlebobranchia]]
| Phlebobranchia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Enterogona]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ascidia.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q742437|Q742437]]
| [[Thermoplasmatales]]
| Thermoplasmatales
| [[Thermoplasmata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q745931|Q745931]]
| [[Huerteales]]
| Huerteales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref>
| [[File:Starr 020925-0042 Perrottetia sandwicensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q746237|Q746237]]
| [[Leitneriales]]
| Leitneriales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leitneria floridana 4zz.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q747698|Q747698]]
| [[Dioscoreales]]
| Dioscoreales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tamus communis02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q749596|Q749596]]
| [[Beryciformes]]
| Beryciformes<ref name="ref_df08f77c23ba11f255d58501169d8805cafad9ea5641307d0a21d6cbd08dfd36">http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=44721</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Berycimorphaceae]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Expl7075 (9734691415).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q752154|Q752154]]
| [[Astrorhizida]]
| Astrorhizida
| [[Monothalamea]]
| [[File:Brady1884Tafel019Alimicola.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q752264|Q752264]]
| [[Gymnotiformes]]
| Gymnotiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Ostariophysi]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Electrophorus electricus 3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q754029|Q754029]]
| [[Mantophasmatodea]]
| Mantophasmatodea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Neonotoptera]]<ref name="ref_ecb66eadcdaa06363d14d2557733b4f48ac72a7f6664a76707513fb15253e781">''[[:d:Q97683524|Rock Crawlers in Baltic Amber (Notoptera: Mantophasmatodea)]]''</ref><br/>[[Xenonomia]]<ref name="ref_287384ef9ab7e7dc64f38827ad349a24fa7880c9ed74b1a6e11fb1213e91b99c">''[[:d:Q64118504|Evolutionary history of Polyneoptera and its implications for our understanding of early winged insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mantophasma zephyra Zompro et al 2002.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q755004|Q755004]]
| [[Elopiformes]]
| Elopiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Elopomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tarpon.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q755012|Q755012]]
| [[Gonorynchiformes]]
| Gonorynchiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Anotophysa]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chanos chanos Day.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q763989|Q763989]]
| [[Cidaroida]]
| Cidaroida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Cidaroidea]]
| [[File:Cidaris cidaris MHNT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q767431|Q767431]]
| [[Ophioglossales]]
| Ophioglossales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ophioglossidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Psilotopsida]]<ref name="ref_638b1feaccb1f617ca21a7b1ab7fc84edc66250f9ade0e635c314ba333c678f7">http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf</ref>
| [[File:Botrychium-4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q768012|Q768012]]
| [[Diplostraca]]
| Diplostraca<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Phyllopoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Daphnia pulex.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q768334|Q768334]]
| [[Zeiformes]]
| Zeiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Zeiariae]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mirror dory.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q769054|Q769054]]
| [[Moniliformida]]
| Moniliformida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Archiacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Moniliformis moniliformis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q772011|Q772011]]
| [[Thecosomata]]
| Thecosomata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Opisthobranchia]]
| [[File:Sea butterfly.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q773378|Q773378]]
| [[Arales]]
| Arales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Arecidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Aranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Arum maculatum Sturm63.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q774014|Q774014]]
| [[Triconodonta]]
| Triconodonta
| [[Allotheria]]<br/>[[Theriiformes]]<ref name="ref_85389bbf9ce1fd42c331781b0d7acd017219cfa898bf842b81ec5387cb1d8643">''[[:d:Q22814967|Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level]]''</ref><br/>[[Acrotheria]]<ref name="ref_0db14c3d3952a5a4d97b341cf4e1767f41d4646cfc8013537c81e294ca9fc20b">''[[:d:Q22819896|Phylogeny of triconodonts and symmetrodonts and the origin of extant mammals]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gobiconodon.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q777229|Q777229]]
| [[Batales]]
| Batales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Starr 010206-0250 Batis maritima.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q781440|Q781440]]
| [[Aulopiformes]]
| Aulopiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Eurypterygii]]<br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Cyclosquamata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chlorophthalmus agassizi Sardinia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q782159|Q782159]]
| [[Sabellida]]
| Sabellida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Canalipalpata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bispira sp. (Tubeworm).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q788492|Q788492]]
| [[Ctenothrissiformes]]
| Ctenothrissiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthomorpha]]
| [[File:Ctenothrissa vexillifer.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q793205|Q793205]]
| [[Berberidopsidales]]
| Berberidopsidales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Superasterids]]<ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aetoxicon8.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q796196|Q796196]]
| [[Ctenacanthiformes]]
| Ctenacanthiformes
| [[elasmobranchio]]
| [[File:Dracopristis hoffmanorum.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q796209|Q796209]]
| [[Clymeniida]]
| Clymeniida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
| [[File:Clymenia laevigata.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q796470|Q796470]]
| [[Grylloblattodea]]
| Grylloblattodea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Neonotoptera]]<ref name="ref_ecb66eadcdaa06363d14d2557733b4f48ac72a7f6664a76707513fb15253e781">''[[:d:Q97683524|Rock Crawlers in Baltic Amber (Notoptera: Mantophasmatodea)]]''</ref><br/>[[Xenonomia]]<ref name="ref_287384ef9ab7e7dc64f38827ad349a24fa7880c9ed74b1a6e11fb1213e91b99c">''[[:d:Q64118504|Evolutionary history of Polyneoptera and its implications for our understanding of early winged insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Galloisiana nipponensis 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q796580|Q796580]]
| [[Myliobatiformes]]
| Myliobatiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Batoidea]]
| [[File:Dasyatis brevicaudata 4x3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q826514|Q826514]]
| [[Ostropales]]
| Ostropales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
| [[File:Conotrema urceolatum-2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q834805|Q834805]]
| [[Polypodiales]]
| Polypodiales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:California Arena Point fern.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q834919|Q834919]]
| [[Soricomorpha]]
| Soricomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Placentarios]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref>
| [[File:Southern short-tailed shrew.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q835097|Q835097]]
| [[Ginkgoales]]
| Ginkgoales<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ginkgoidae]]<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ginkgo huttoni fossile-jurassique 0.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q838519|Q838519]]
| [[Rhizostomeae]]
| Rhizostomeae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Discomedusae]]
| [[File:Mediterranean Jellyfish 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q840453|Q840453]]
| [[Pulmonata]]
| Pulmonata
| [[Heterobranchia]]
| [[File:Grapevinesnail 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q840849|Q840849]]
| [[Struthioniformes]]
| Struthioniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4deb45b4f8433f47fece5a9fd9f37b56ee2eb8625e1ebc2497c594a087913f27">''[[:d:Q56474728|Index ornithologicus, sive, Systema ornithologiae : complectens avium divisionem in classes, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates : adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, &c]]''</ref>
| [[Palaeognathae]]
| [[File:Avestruz de cuello azul (Struthio camelus australis), cabo de Buena Esparanza, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-23, DD 87.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q853383|Q853383]]
| [[Anostraca]]
| Anostraca<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Sarsostraca]]
| [[File:Artemia salina 4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q854988|Q854988]]
| [[Tetrasporales]]
| Tetrasporales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q855871|Q855871]]
| [[Prorocentrales]]
| Prorocentrales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Prorocentrum micans.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q855962|Q855962]]
| [[Ulotrichales]]
| Ulotrichales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Ulothrix carmichaelii Crouan (cropped).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q856867|Q856867]]
| [[Bicosoecea]]
| Bicosoecea
| [[Bicosoecophyceae]]<br/>[[Bicoecea]]
| [[File:CafeteriaRoenbergensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q859840|Q859840]]
| [[Cetomimiformes]]
| Cetomimiformes<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[File:Flabby whalefish.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867388|Q867388]]
| [[Cimolesta]]
| Cimolesta
| [[Eutheria]]
| [[File:Palaeosinopa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q868430|Q868430]]
| [[Lactobacillales]]
| Lactobacillales
| [[Bacilli]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:O. oeni.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q870328|Q870328]]
| [[Spizellomycetales]]
| Spizellomycetales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Spizellomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Spizellomycete.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q871759|Q871759]]
| [[Thermoanaerobacterales]]
| Thermoanaerobacterales
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:T. thermohydrosulfuricus BSB-33.webp|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q872277|Q872277]]
| [[Neoloricata]]
| Neoloricata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polyplacophora]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acanthopleura granulata with Nerita tessellata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q872431|Q872431]]
| [[Gadilida]]
| Gadilida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Scaphopoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.310676 - Cadulus spec. - Gadilidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q873826|Q873826]]
| [[Acidimicrobiales]]
| Acidimicrobiales
| [[Acidimicrobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q874117|Q874117]]
| [[Paraglomerales]]
| Paraglomerales
| [[Paraglomeromycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q874164|Q874164]]
| [[Dimargaritales]]
| Dimargaritales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Dimargaritomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dimargaris bacillispora 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q874483|Q874483]]
| [[Kickxellales]]
| Kickxellales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Kickxellomycotina]]<br/>[[Kickxellomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[File:Coemansia spsono1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q874792|Q874792]]
| [[Pantopoda]]
| Pantopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
| [[Pycnogonida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pantopoda collage.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q874793|Q874793]]
| [[Tryblidiida]]
| Tryblidiida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Monoplacophora]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tryblidium reticulatum 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q876064|Q876064]]
| [[Clostridiales]]
| Clostridiales
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary b80 819-2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q876770|Q876770]]
| [[Blasiales]]
| Blasiales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Blasiidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Blasia pusilla 231011.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q877888|Q877888]]
| [[Metzgeriales]]
| Metzgeriales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Metzgeriidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Riccardia multifida (Vielspaltiges Riccardimoos) IMG 0162.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q882055|Q882055]]
| [[Blastocladiales]]
| Blastocladiales
| [[Blastocladiomycetes]]
| [[File:EB1911 Potato Figure 4.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q892462|Q892462]]
| [[Auriculariales]]
| Auriculariales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Auricularia auricula-judae (xndr).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q899782|Q899782]]
| [[Cyclopoida]]
| Cyclopoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Podoplea]]
| [[File:Cyclops.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q900771|Q900771]]
| [[Lophogastrida]]
| Lophogastrida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gnathophausia zoea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q902665|Q902665]]
| [[Violales]]
| Violales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Violanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Viola hirta1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q905458|Q905458]]
| [[Dilleniales]]
| Dilleniales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Core eudicots]]<ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dillenia philippinensis Blanco1.199.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q908486|Q908486]]
| [[Semaeostomeae]]
| Semaeostomeae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Discomedusae]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haeckel Discomedusae 18.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q909605|Q909605]]
| [[Dendrochirotida]]
| Dendrochirotida<ref name="ref_23b80758ad1389c3f4fc571aa8731c18bcf8be1f285aad66f1fda148e11b60c7">''[[:d:Q97515613|A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_73af0e6a353be8e6abf163d35c7cea41fd8f43fa2c042cf818f02dbe220aafaa">''[[:d:Q61027799|Four new species and a new genus of Antarctic sea cucumbers with taxonomic reviews of Cladodactyla, Pseudocnus, Paracucumidae and Parathyonidium (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_74e031573bdba5450912104f761e0cc4ad9c3599875851aee7a87f5e0f71800e">''[[:d:Q131405017|A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopoda]]
| [[File:Pseudocolochirus axiologus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q915691|Q915691]]
| [[Symphypleona]]
| Symphypleona<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[Collembola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dark.round.springtail.1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q918188|Q918188]]
| [[Ptyctodontida]]
| Ptyctodontida
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Kimbryanodus williamburyensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q923240|Q923240]]
| [[Polygonales]]
| Polygonales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Caryophyllidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Polygonanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Caryophyllanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Muehlenbeckia adpressa - Curtis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q933834|Q933834]]
| [[Thermoproteales]]
| Thermoproteales
| [[Thermoprotei]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q934008|Q934008]]
| [[Erysiphales]]
| Erysiphales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
| [[File:UncinulaTulasneiDetail.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q942023|Q942023]]
| [[Enoplida]]
| Enoplida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Enoplia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Enoploides koreanus (10.7717-peerj.9037) Figure 4.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q946193|Q946193]]
| [[Semionotiformes]]
| Semionotiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ginglymodi]]
| [[File:Lepidotes maximus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q948998|Q948998]]
| [[Synurid]]
| Synurales
| [[Synurophyceae]]<br/>[[Chrysophyceae]]
| [[File:Synura.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q955280|Q955280]]
| [[Plantaginales]]
| Plantaginales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Asteridae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Plantago lanceolata Sturm61.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q959143|Q959143]]
| [[Nostocales]]
| Nostocales
| [[Nostocophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Anabaenaflosaquae EPA.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q963408|Q963408]]
| [[Nidovirales]]
| Nidovirales<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_28ddf84f5adc8d599ea8e3fb39f748b891ac2aaae581fb618204c828bea24486">''[[:d:Q69579583|ICTV Master Species List 2005]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Pisoniviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Coronaviruses 004 lores.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q963722|Q963722]]
| [[Podocopida]]
| Podocopida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Podocopa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q963767|Q963767]]
| [[Diaphanopterodea]]
| Diaphanopterodea
| [[Palaeodictyopteroidea]]
| [[File:Prochoroptera calopteryx.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q965468|Q965468]]
| [[Haplotaxida]]
| Haplotaxida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Oligochaeta]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Clitellata]]
| [[File:Regenworm1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q965648|Q965648]]
| [[Ptolemaiida]]
| Ptolemaiida<ref name="ref_70307f4d54ed1747ede74d895ea35e9021021d944717c58b74a935ae60e80b0b">''[[:d:Q24564740|Ptolemaiida, a new order of Mammalia—with description of the cranium of Ptolemaia grangeri]]''</ref>
| [[Afrotheria]]
| [[File:Ptolemaia lyonsi jaw (cropped).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q968825|Q968825]]
| [[Gigantorhynchida]]
| Gigantorhynchida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Archiacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gigantorhynchus ortizi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q972302|Q972302]]
| [[Stylommatophora]]
| Stylommatophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eupulmonata]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cornusalat.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q978608|Q978608]]
| [[Medullosales]]
| Medullosales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
| [[File:Macroneuropteris and Reconstruction of Medullosales.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q980146|Q980146]]
| [[Neogastropoda]]
| Neogastropoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Caenogastropoda]]
| [[File:Chicoreus palmarosae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q987502|Q987502]]
| [[Echinoida]]
| Echinoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Echinacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Riccio Melone a Capo Caccia adventurediving.it.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q987705|Q987705]]
| [[Ptychopariida]]
| Ptychopariida
| [[Librostoma]]
| [[File:ElrathiakingiUtahWheelerCambrian.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q987740|Q987740]]
| [[Corynexochida]]
| Corynexochida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Holyoakia simpsoni.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q999198|Q999198]]
| [[Protorthoptera]]
| Protorthoptera
| [[Polyneoptera]]
| [[File:Protophasma woodwardi.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1000370|Q1000370]]
| [[Pinales]]
| Pinales<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pinopsida]]
| [[File:Araucaria araucana by Scott Zona - 002.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1002824|Q1002824]]
| [[Forcipulatida]]
| Forcipulatida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_396163d932de6f91bcb37480f1c3df353f2121b115d65e5cf075f8cba3b26561">''[[:d:Q56035104|A new fissiparous micro-asteriid from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Asteriidae)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c33684dba0d1835c09cb47aa7c21dc218b8a5027956d146b583f507578fbdf6a">''[[:d:Q66412284|The marine fauna of New Zealand: Asteroidea (sea-stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida]]''</ref>
| [[Asteroidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Asterias rubens.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1004076|Q1004076]]
| [[Buliminida]]
| Buliminida
| [[Globothalamea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1017886|Q1017886]]
| [[Buteoxylonales]]
| Buteoxylonales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1026226|Q1026226]]
| [[Calamopityales]]
| Calamopityales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1027330|Q1027330]]
| [[Callistophytales]]
| Callistophytales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
| [[File:Callospermarion pusillum reconstruction.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1027450|Q1027450]]
| [[Calpionellida]]
| Calpionellida
| [[Ciliophora]]
| [[File:Calpionellen.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1028507|Q1028507]]
| [[Comatulida]]
| Comatulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Articulata]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Feather Star (Lamprometra palmata).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1029534|Q1029534]]
| [[Gastornithiformes]]
| Gastornithiformes
| [[Galloanserae]]
| [[File:Gastornis skeleton.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1031983|Q1031983]]
| [[Pteropoda]]
| Pteropoda
| [[Tectipleura]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sea butterfly.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1037576|Q1037576]]
| [[Holectypoida]]
| Holectypoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gnathostomata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Irregularia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Echinoneus cyclostomus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1045208|Q1045208]]
| [[Entomobryomorpha]]
| Entomobryomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[Collembola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tomocerus.vulgaris.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1046935|Q1046935]]
| [[Desulfurococcales]]
| Desulfurococcales
| [[Thermoprotei]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1046953|Q1046953]]
| [[Acidilobales]]
| Acidilobales
| [[Thermoprotei]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1046960|Q1046960]]
| [[Sulfolobales]]
| Sulfolobales
| [[Thermoprotei]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:RT8-4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1048747|Q1048747]]
| [[Nucleariida]]
| Nucleariida<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6a3224ed9e9612f3b161f90deafb215ffecae36153e66735b907fd7bacda7748">''[[:d:Q24634634|Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla]]''</ref>
| [[Opisthokonta]]<br/>[[Nuclearidea]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nuclearia sp Nikko.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1052979|Q1052979]]
| [[Halanaerobiales]]
| Halanaerobiales
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1053308|Q1053308]]
| [[Araliales]]
| Araliales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Aralianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aralia californica flower.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1053909|Q1053909]]
| [[Asellariales]]
| Asellariales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Asellariomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1054661|Q1054661]]
| [[Ceratitida]]
| Ceratitida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
| [[File:Ceratites nodosus MHNT.PAL.CEP.2001.105.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1054947|Q1054947]]
| [[Acochlidiacea]]
| Acochlidiacea
| [[Opisthobranchia]]
| [[File:Acochlidium fijiiensis.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055179|Q1055179]]
| [[Diversisporales]]
| Diversisporales
| [[Glomeromycetes]]
| [[File:Gigaspora margarita.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055276|Q1055276]]
| [[Harpellales]]
| Harpellales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Harpellomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[File:Harpellales (10.3897-mycokeys.67.52055) Figures 11–16.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055316|Q1055316]]
| [[kelp]]
| Laminariales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Kelp In Freycinet Tasmania.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055410|Q1055410]]
| [[Archaeosporales]]
| Archaeosporales
| [[Archaeosporomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055411|Q1055411]]
| [[Funariales]]
| Funariales
| [[Funariidae]]
| [[File:Funaria hygrometrica1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055431|Q1055431]]
| [[Grimmiales]]
| Grimmiales
| [[Dicranidae]]
| [[File:Polster-Kissenmoos Grimmia pulvinata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055721|Q1055721]]
| [[Haplomitriales]]
| Haplomitriales
| [[Haplomitriopsida]]
| [[File:Untersuchungen über Haplomitrium Hookeri (1843) plate XIII.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1055814|Q1055814]]
| [[Pottiales]]
| Pottiales
| [[Dicranidae]]
| [[File:Tortella inclinata (a, 144651-474729) 1088.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1058217|Q1058217]]
| [[Chlorellales]]
| Chlorellales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
| [[File:Chlorella with light microscopy.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1058220|Q1058220]]
| [[Mictacea]]
| Mictacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mictocaris halope.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1058577|Q1058577]]
| [[Dasycladales]]
| Dasycladales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Acetabularia sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1058758|Q1058758]]
| [[Chaetothyriales]]
| Chaetothyriales
| [[Chaetothyriomycetidae]]
| [[File:Fonsecaea pedrosoi PHIL 2920 lores.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1060589|Q1060589]]
| [[Stauromedusae]]
| Stauromedusae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Staurozoa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haeckel Stauromedusae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1061944|Q1061944]]
| [[Thermosbaenacea]]
| Thermosbaenacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ee8537fe54ade0dcdc4fbfa63340b3c335371f7829b3e40edc08a503500cf708">''[[:d:Q104204003|Uptaded checklist, historical overview and illustrated guide to the stygobiont Malacostraca (Arthropoda: Crustacea) species of Yucatan (Mexico)]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tethysbaena ophelicola, sub-adults.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1067225|Q1067225]]
| [[Volvocales]]
| Volvocales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
| [[File:Volvocales.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1068066|Q1068066]]
| [[Chasmataspidida]]
| Chasmataspidida
| [[Merostomata]]
| [[File:20200919 Chasmataspidida dorsal.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1068400|Q1068400]]
| [[Chaunacanthida]]
| Chaunacanthida
| [[Acantharia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1068698|Q1068698]]
| [[Myxococcales]]
| Myxococcales
| [[Deltaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Myxococcus xanthus.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1069200|Q1069200]]
| [[Rauisuchia]]
| Rauisuchia
| [[Suchia]]
| [[File:Batrachotomus1DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1071303|Q1071303]]
| [[Campanulales]]
| Campanulales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Asteridae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Inferae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Campanulanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Asteranae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Arenaria procera glabra0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1071960|Q1071960]]
| [[Clypeasteroida]]
| Clypeasteroida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gnathostomata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Clypeaster reticulatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1072243|Q1072243]]
| [[Haplodrili]]
| Archiannelida
| [[Polychaeta]]
| [[File:Polygordius appendiculatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1073158|Q1073158]]
| [[Coxoplectoptera]]
| Coxoplectoptera<ref name="ref_060e91764ac49f3414cb8d658d3ff1dfa1f44364762c55d102439366084f6e71">''[[:d:Q54506024|Coxoplectoptera, a new fossil order of Palaeoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta), with comments on the phylogeny of the stem group of mayflies (Ephemeroptera)]]''</ref>
| [[Heptabranchia]]<ref name="ref_060e91764ac49f3414cb8d658d3ff1dfa1f44364762c55d102439366084f6e71">''[[:d:Q54506024|Coxoplectoptera, a new fossil order of Palaeoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta), with comments on the phylogeny of the stem group of mayflies (Ephemeroptera)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_18fc2a99f68c76b2c0c277b7532af049a6ff8e684ad72a4e0d7b5a4bff719d1b">''[[:d:Q56940988|Revision of the giant pterygote insect Bojophlebia prokopi Kukalová-Peck, 1985 (Hydropalaeoptera: Bojophlebiidae) from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic, with the first cladistic analysis of fossil palaeopterous insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mickoleitia longimanus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1075122|Q1075122]]
| [[Chlamydodontida]]
| Chlamydodontida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Cyrtophoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1082523|Q1082523]]
| [[Tubulidentata]]
| Tubulidentata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Afrotheria]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Afroinsectiphilia]]
| [[File:Orycteropus afer00.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1096533|Q1096533]]
| [[Arecales]]
| Arecales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Beetle palm with nut bunch.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1105144|Q1105144]]
| [[Cochliodontiformes]]
| Cochliodontiformes
| [[Holocephalimorpha]]
| [[File:FOS173.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1112837|Q1112837]]
| [[Najadales]]
| Najadales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Alismatidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Alismatanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Algue épiphytesur zostèret.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1113470|Q1113470]]
| [[Rheiformes]]
| Rheiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Notopalaeognathae]]
| [[File:Lesser Rhea Pterocnemia pennata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1122081|Q1122081]]
| [[Pennatulacea]]
| Pennatulacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[Octocorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haeckel Pennatulida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1123322|Q1123322]]
| [[Thalattosauria]]
| Thalattosauria
| [[Sauropterygia]]
| [[File:Miodentosaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1130206|Q1130206]]
| [[Dentaliida]]
| Dentaliida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Scaphopoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paradentalium disparile 01.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1130524|Q1130524]]
| [[Pucciniales]]
| Pucciniales
| [[Pucciniomycetes]]
| [[File:Bruine roest op tarwe (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici on Triticum aestivum).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1133070|Q1133070]]
| [[Neritopsina]]
| Neritopsina<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gastropodos]]<br/>[[Neritimorpha]]
| [[File:Neritimorpha composite 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1134438|Q1134438]]
| [[Siphonophorae]]
| Siphonophorae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Hydroidolina]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Portuguese Man-O-War (Physalia physalis).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1135938|Q1135938]]
| [[Corystospermales]]
| Corystospermales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1136812|Q1136812]]
| [[Voltziales]]
| Voltziales
| [[Pinopsida]]
| [[File:Voltzia heterophylla.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1137485|Q1137485]]
| [[Argentiniformes]]
| Argentiniformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Protacanthopterygii]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Alepocephalus tenebrosus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1138058|Q1138058]]
| [[Doliolida]]
| Doliolida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Thaliacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Doliolum sp.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1138502|Q1138502]]
| [[Heterostropha]]
| Heterostropha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gastropodos]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Heterobranchia]]
| [[File:Pyramidella maculosa - D'Orbigny.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1138673|Q1138673]]
| [[Sphagnales]]
| Sphagnales
| [[Sphagnidae]]
| [[File:SphagnumFallax.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1139223|Q1139223]]
| [[Anaspidacea]]
| Anaspidacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Syncarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Koonunga cursor.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1139306|Q1139306]]
| [[Bathynellacea]]
| Bathynellacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Syncarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bathynella chappuisi – Delachaux, 1918.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1139385|Q1139385]]
| [[Desmostylia]]
| Desmostylia
| [[Paenungulata]]
| [[File:Desmostylus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1139948|Q1139948]]
| [[Holothyrida]]
| Holothyrida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Parasitiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Allothyridae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1141517|Q1141517]]
| [[Crossognathiformes]]
| Crossognathiformes
| [[Clupeocephala]]
| [[File:Rhacolepis Vienna.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1142230|Q1142230]]
| [[Cryomonadida]]
| Cryomonadida
| [[Cercozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1146840|Q1146840]]
| [[Verrucomicrobiales]]
| Verrucomicrobiales
| [[Verrucomicrobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1147933|Q1147933]]
| [[Didelphodonta]]
| Didelphodonta
| [[Placentarios]]
| [[File:Didelphodon Clean.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1150786|Q1150786]]
| [[Illiciales]]
| Illiciales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Magnoliidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Magnolianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Nymphaeanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illicium anisatum SZ1.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1156226|Q1156226]]
| [[Amphioxiformes]]
| Amphioxiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Cephalochordata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Branchiostoma lanceolatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1185781|Q1185781]]
| [[Notoptera]]
| Notoptera
| [[Polyneoptera]]<br/>[[Notopterodea]]<ref name="ref_ecb66eadcdaa06363d14d2557733b4f48ac72a7f6664a76707513fb15253e781">''[[:d:Q97683524|Rock Crawlers in Baltic Amber (Notoptera: Mantophasmatodea)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mantophasma zephyra Zompro et al 2002.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1185812|Q1185812]]
| [[Centrohelid]]
| Centrohelida
| [[Haptista]]
| [[File:Raphidiophrys contractilis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1186117|Q1186117]]
| [[Lecythidales]]
| Lecythidales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Lecythidanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Brazilnut1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1186640|Q1186640]]
| [[Enterogona]]
| Enterogona<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ascidiacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chelyosoma macleayanum 001.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1187122|Q1187122]]
| [[Littorinimorpha]]
| Littorinimorpha
| [[Caenogastropoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Different cowries.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1188550|Q1188550]]
| [[Nautilida]]
| Nautilida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Nautiloid]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nautilus pompilius.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1188664|Q1188664]]
| [[Cladophorales]]
| Cladophorales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Cladophora.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1188910|Q1188910]]
| [[Oedogoniales]]
| Oedogoniales<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Chlorophyceae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Oedogonium species.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1189104|Q1189104]]
| [[Hadromerida]]
| Hadromerida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Tetractinomorpha]]<br/>[[Demospongiae]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tethya aurantia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1194372|Q1194372]]
| [[Picramniales]]
| Picramniales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Malvids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Alvaradoa amorphoides-leaves-fruit.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1201017|Q1201017]]
| [[Desulfobacterales]]
| Desulfobacterales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Desulfobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Stromatolites Volcanic Lake.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1201093|Q1201093]]
| [[Scolopendromorpha]]
| Scolopendromorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[Pleurostigmophora]]<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[File:Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-2259.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1207101|Q1207101]]
| [[Cariamiformes]]
| Cariamiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Australavis]]
| [[File:Andalgalornis jconway.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1207949|Q1207949]]
| [[Astrophorida]]
| Astrophorida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Demospongiae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Geodia barretti.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1209668|Q1209668]]
| [[Gleicheniales]]
| Gleicheniales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dipteris conjugata 破傘蕨 001 (天問).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1227671|Q1227671]]
| [[Pachycormiformes]]
| Pachycormiformes
| [[Teleostei]]
| [[File:Hypsocormus2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1231177|Q1231177]]
| [[Ungulata]]
| Ungulata
| [[Placentarios]]<br/>[[Epitheria]]<ref name="ref_85389bbf9ce1fd42c331781b0d7acd017219cfa898bf842b81ec5387cb1d8643">''[[:d:Q22814967|Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level]]''</ref><br/>[[Fereuungulata]]<ref name="ref_edd8d62b56ca5d5166e56dcc51217b10e66f30ceed5e8c575d971c1e06c32214">''[[:d:Q21093600|A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals]]''</ref>
| [[File:Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1240844|Q1240844]]
| [[Mesostigmata]]
| Mesostigmata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Parasitiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Varroa Mite.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1242326|Q1242326]]
| [[Cingulata]]
| Cingulata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Xenarthra]]
| [[File:Cingulata2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1257561|Q1257561]]
| [[Entomophthorales]]
| Entomophthorales
| [[Entomophthoromycetes]]<ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref>
| [[File:Entomophthora muscae on Scathophaga stercoraria (lateral view).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1269779|Q1269779]]
| [[Legionellales]]
| Legionellales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Legionella Plate 01.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1275749|Q1275749]]
| [[Onychura]]
| Onychura
| [[Branchiopoda]]
| [[File:Daphnia spec.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1280344|Q1280344]]
| [[Echiniscoidea]]
| Echiniscoidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
| [[Heterotardigrada]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
| [[File:Isoechiniscoides higginsi 002.tiff|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1280547|Q1280547]]
| [[Physarida]]
| Physarida
| [[Myxogastria]]
| [[File:Physarum rubiginosum (7432380576).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1280686|Q1280686]]
| [[Echinosteliida]]
| Echinosteliida
| [[Myxogastria]]
| [[File:Rabenhorst Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland p.411.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1282192|Q1282192]]
| [[Ectocarpales]]
| Ectocarpales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leathesia difformis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1289434|Q1289434]]
| [[Strophomenida]]
| Strophomenida
| [[Strophomenata]]
| [[File:EncrustedStroph.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1291522|Q1291522]]
| [[Rhacophytales]]
| Rhacophytales
| [[Pteridophyta]]
| [[File:Rhacophyton1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1319200|Q1319200]]
| [[Systellommatophora]]
| Systellommatophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eupulmonata]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Laevecaulis-2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1328838|Q1328838]]
| [[Ceratodontiformes]]
| Ceratodontiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Dipnoi]]<br/>[[Sarcopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Dipneusti]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Australian-Lungfish.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1343309|Q1343309]]
| [[Polyporales]]
| Polyporales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Ganoderma applanatum02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1362080|Q1362080]]
| [[Zoanthidea]]
| Zoantharia
| [[Hexacorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref><br/>[[Zoanthidea]]
| [[File:Parazoanth2.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1365073|Q1365073]]
| [[Gorgonacea]]
| Gorgonacea
| [[Octocorallia]]
| [[File:Iciligorgia schrammi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1365864|Q1365864]]
| [[Pill millipede]]
| Glomerida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Pentazonia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[pill millipede]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Glomeris marginata 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1367727|Q1367727]]
| [[Ulvales]]
| Ulvales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Ulva linza Helgoland.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1370442|Q1370442]]
| [[Spirulida]]
| Spirulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Decapodiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Spiruladraw.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1371035|Q1371035]]
| [[Cephalaspidea]]
| Cephalaspidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Tectipleura]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chelidonura varians.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1372052|Q1372052]]
| [[Euamoebida]]
| Euamoebida<ref name="ref_d510bb06b4116d667059f80b18bce9ea6c8e63194f66b80f7ad4249d9f600aac">''[[:d:Q109920412|Rhizopoda: Euamoebidea]]''</ref>
| [[Tubulinea]]
| [[File:Chaos carolinense.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1374037|Q1374037]]
| [[Eupantotheria]]
| Eupantotheria
| [[Pantotheria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1378754|Q1378754]]
| [[Eustigmatales]]
| Eustigmatales
| [[Eustigmatophyceae]]
| [[File:15 3klein2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1387882|Q1387882]]
| [[Oribatida]]
| Oribatida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Sarcoptiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Phthiracarid.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1392215|Q1392215]]
| [[Mortierellales]]
| Mortierellales
| [[Mortierellomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mortierella.Yosemite.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1393249|Q1393249]]
| [[Arhynchobdellida]]
| Arhynchobdellida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Euhirudinea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Americobdella.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1399107|Q1399107]]
| [[Carangiformes]]
| Carangiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Carangaria]]
| [[File:Trevally Nick Hobgood.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1408337|Q1408337]]
| [[Phrynophiurida]]
| Phrynophiurida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a077257c597e33dddebdb0857a145de5cb762b8682eb2e745884762bc0cece9c">''[[:d:Q59329990|A new classification of the Ophiuroidea: with descriptions of new genera and species]]''</ref>
| [[Ophiuroidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haeckel Ophiodea 70 Gorgonocephalidae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1410606|Q1410606]]
| [[Symphyacanthida]]
| Symphyacanthida
| [[Acantharia]]
| [[File:Haeckel Amphibelone cultellata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1417417|Q1417417]]
| [[Iridopteridales]]
| Iridopteridales
| [[Cladoxylopsida]]
| [[File:Ibyka reconstrucción.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1417536|Q1417536]]
| [[Septibranchia]]
| Septibranchia
| [[Anomalodesmata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1420789|Q1420789]]
| [[Ricciales]]
| Ricciales
| [[Marchantiidae]]
| [[File:Riccia glauca 050910a.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1423451|Q1423451]]
| [[Thecodontia]]
| Thecodontia
| [[Archosauromorpha]]
| [[File:Paleorhinus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1424338|Q1424338]]
| [[Cantharellales]]
| Cantharellales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Chanterelle Cantharellus cibarius.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1440794|Q1440794]]
| [[Mytiloida]]
| Mytiloida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pteriomorphia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Anodonta anatina1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1450771|Q1450771]]
| [[Dendroceratida]]
| Dendroceratida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Keratosa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chelonaplysilla violacea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1465692|Q1465692]]
| [[Thiotrichales]]
| Thiotrichales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Sulphide bacteria crop.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1475440|Q1475440]]
| [[Spinicaudata]]
| Spinicaudata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Diplostraca]]
| [[File:Limnadia lenticularis detail (2877683685).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1479472|Q1479472]]
| [[Antipatharia]]
| Antipatharia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[Hexacorallia]]<ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Blackcoral colony 600.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1482506|Q1482506]]
| [[Sawdoniales]]
| Sawdoniales
| [[Zosterophyllophyta]]
| [[File:Sawdonia ornata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1493402|Q1493402]]
| [[Ganeshida]]
| Ganeshida<ref name="ref_218a6a8abfcc35d9323208e157b5408dab9c5e32d0e0cbc3e4010a9875571954">''[[:d:Q56018412|Cténophores de la Baie d'Amboine]]''</ref>
| [[Tentaculata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1499582|Q1499582]]
| [[Corallimorpharia]]
| Corallimorpharia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[Hexacorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79d09fea4a569da43c8a3514c91f894c55d49df8acf7bc964580748e4d1675f6">''[[:d:Q21069341|Class Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mushroom Coral Morning.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1509529|Q1509529]]
| [[Spiriferida]]
| Spiriferida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paraspirifer bownockeri.fond.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1523170|Q1523170]]
| [[Neckerales]]
| Neckerales
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1535943|Q1535943]]
| [[Ochromonadales]]
| Ochromonadales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
| [[File:Ochromonas (Chrysophyceae).png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1536417|Q1536417]]
| [[Peltaspermales]]
| Peltaspermales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
| [[File:Lepidopteris stuttgartiensis.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1538279|Q1538279]]
| [[Exobasidiales]]
| Exobasidiales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
| [[File:Exobasidium.vaccinii.-.lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1541069|Q1541069]]
| [[Hippuritoida]]
| Hippuritoida
| [[Heterodonta]]
| [[File:RudistCretaceousUAE.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1550973|Q1550973]]
| [[Pinguiochrysidales]]
| Pinguiochrysidales
| [[Stramenopiles]]<br/>[[Pinguiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1552021|Q1552021]]
| [[Lagenida]]
| Lagenida
| [[Foraminifera]]
| [[File:FMIB 50020 Dentalina commonis.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1569989|Q1569989]]
| [[Nothosauria]]
| Nothosauria
| [[Nothosauroidea]]
| [[File:Nothosaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1587376|Q1587376]]
| [[Stolidobranchia]]
| Stolidobranchia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ascidiacea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:29017702 95d79d4124 o d.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1592598|Q1592598]]
| [[Tselfatiiformes]]
| Tselfatiiformes
| [[Clupeocephala]]
| [[File:Tselfatia formosa cretaceo djebel tselfat.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1624249|Q1624249]]
| [[Holacanthida]]
| Holacanthida
| [[Acantharia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1625604|Q1625604]]
| [[Xylariales]]
| Xylariales
| [[Xylariomycetidae]]
| [[File:Xylaria hypoxylon.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1627435|Q1627435]]
| [[Hookeriales]]
| Hookeriales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Hookeria lucens (c, 144712-474717) 5581.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1634023|Q1634023]]
| [[Dryolestida]]
| Dryolestida
| [[Dryolestoidea]]
| [[File:Dryolestes priscus lower jaw.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1647990|Q1647990]]
| [[Coccosphaerales]]
| Coccosphaerales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
| [[File:Gephyrocapsa oceanica color.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1650384|Q1650384]]
| [[Ammonitida]]
| Ammonitida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
| [[File:202002 ammonite.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1653094|Q1653094]]
| [[Trichomonadida]]
| Trichomonadida<ref name="ref_69a1cf911ff93c9e7f188f5d32176ab6ff83d01de0873fceb3fcb37097808fd6">''[[:d:Q56803828|Flagellate and Host Relationships of Trichomonad Flagellates]]''</ref>
| [[Trichomonadea]]<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Trichomonas Giemsa DPDx.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1656407|Q1656407]]
| [[Ichthyodectiformes]]
| Ichthyodectiformes
| [[Teleostei]]
| [[File:Thrissops cf formosus 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1656634|Q1656634]]
| [[Piroplasmida]]
| Piroplasmida<ref name="ref_c067a03c5df967f0bdccbbaad02e009446750ca8443cdba348de126900640fe6">''[[:d:Q51523213|Protozoology : a manual for medical men, veterinarians and zoologists]]''</ref>
| [[Aconoidasida]]
| [[File:Babiesa spp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1659888|Q1659888]]
| [[Perleidiformes]]
| Perleidiformes
| [[Chondrostei]]
| [[File:Aetheodontus besanensis.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1660570|Q1660570]]
| [[Schizopyrenida]]
| Schizopyrenida
| [[Heterolobosea]]
| [[File:Naegleria (formes).png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1671134|Q1671134]]
| [[Trochamminida]]
| Trochamminida
| [[Textulariia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1671821|Q1671821]]
| [[Involutinida]]
| Involutinida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1672085|Q1672085]]
| [[Ionoscopiformes]]
| Ionoscopiformes
| [[Halecomorphi]]
| [[File:Ionoscopus analibrevis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1675433|Q1675433]]
| [[Desulfovibrionales]]
| Desulfovibrionales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Desulfovibrionia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dvulgaris micrograph.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1685680|Q1685680]]
| [[Osteolepiformes]]
| Osteolepiformes
| [[Tetrapodomorpha]]
| [[File:Osteolepis BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1700838|Q1700838]]
| [[Mesogastropoda]]
| Mesogastropoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Prosobranchia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aporrhais pespelecani 01.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1725165|Q1725165]]
| [[Rhodobacterales]]
| Rhodobacterales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Roseobacter strain HIMB11.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1725897|Q1725897]]
| [[Textulariida]]
| Textulariida
| [[Textulariia]]
| [[File:Textularia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1743193|Q1743193]]
| [[Psamminida]]
| Psamminida
| [[Monothalamea]]<br/>[[Xenophyophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1744606|Q1744606]]
| [[Anabantiformes]]
| Anabantiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Percomorphaceae]]
| [[File:Anabas testudineus.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1753162|Q1753162]]
| [[Mononegavirales]]
| Mononegavirales<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_28ddf84f5adc8d599ea8e3fb39f748b891ac2aaae581fb618204c828bea24486">''[[:d:Q69579583|ICTV Master Species List 2005]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Monjiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ebola virus em.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1771937|Q1771937]]
| [[Orchidales]]
| Orchidales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Liliidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ophrys fusca 12 maig 2006 040.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1787823|Q1787823]]
| [[Pycnodontiformes]]
| Pycnodontiformes
| [[Neopterygii]]
| [[File:Gyrodus hexagonus 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1808297|Q1808297]]
| [[Primulales]]
| Primulales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Heteromerae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Primulanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Primula-vulgaris-flower.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1810556|Q1810556]]
| [[Branchiobdellida]]
| Branchiobdellida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Clitellata]]
| [[File:Signal crayfish branchiobdellid crop 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1820066|Q1820066]]
| [[Lepidoziales]]
| Lepidoziales
| [[Jungermanniidae]]
| [[File:Lepidozia reptans 150308.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1826165|Q1826165]]
| [[Rafflesiales]]
| Rafflesiales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rafflesianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Rafflesia kerrii Khao Sok.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1837596|Q1837596]]
| [[Craciformes]]
| Craciformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[ave]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Penelope jacquacu - Spix-Guan - Spix's Guan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1848923|Q1848923]]
| [[Conophoralia]]
| Conophoralia
| [[Bursovaginoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1860104|Q1860104]]
| [[Cyperales]]
| Cyperales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Juncanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cyperaceae spp Sturm2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1864811|Q1864811]]
| [[Strigeatida]]
| Strigeatida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Digenea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Schistosoma mansoni trematodes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1865934|Q1865934]]
| [[Lituolida]]
| Lituolida
| [[Textulariia]]
| [[File:Benthic foraminifera.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1869778|Q1869778]]
| [[Lophosteiformes]]
| Lophosteiformes
| [[Osteichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1869783|Q1869783]]
| [[Lophoziales]]
| Lophoziales
| [[Jungermanniidae]]
| [[File:Lophozia ventricosa (b, 144808-474632) 6131.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1876138|Q1876138]]
| [[Aistopoda]]
| Aistopoda
| [[Lepospondyli]]
| [[File:Ophiderpeton BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1890041|Q1890041]]
| [[Acanthobdellida]]
| Acanthobdellida
| [[Acanthobdellea]]
| [[File:Dark-sharply-declinate-seta-on-anterior-end-of-body-of-the-A.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1915748|Q1915748]]
| [[Entomotaeniata]]
| Entomotaeniata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Prosobranchia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pyramidella dolabrata 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1921355|Q1921355]]
| [[Pachydermata]]
| Pachydermata
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[File:Tête d'hippopotame.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1929949|Q1929949]]
| [[Echinorhynchida]]
| Echinorhynchida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Palaeacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acanthocephala Rhadinorhynchus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1932463|Q1932463]]
| [[Captorhinida]]
| Captorhinida
| [[Amniota]]
| [[File:Captorhinus aguti p.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1933082|Q1933082]]
| [[Clathrinida]]
| Clathrinida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Calcinea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Clathrina clathrus Scarpone 055.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1933705|Q1933705]]
| [[Polycarpicae]]
| Polycarpicae
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illicium anisatum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-075.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1933995|Q1933995]]
| [[Tylenchida]]
| Tylenchida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Secernentea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Soybean cyst nematode and egg SEM.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1934211|Q1934211]]
| [[Proetida]]
| Proetida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Librostoma]]<br/>[[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aulacopleura konincki.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935420|Q1935420]]
| [[Poduromorpha]]
| Poduromorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[Collembola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[File:Springbeestjes.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935871|Q1935871]]
| [[Filobasidiales]]
| Filobasidiales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
| [[File:Cryptococcus neoformans using a light India ink staining preparation PHIL 3771 lores.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935915|Q1935915]]
| [[Psilotales]]
| Psilotales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ophioglossidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><br/>[[Psilotopsida]]<ref name="ref_638b1feaccb1f617ca21a7b1ab7fc84edc66250f9ade0e635c314ba333c678f7">http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p054.pdf</ref><br/>[[Psilotidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Psilotum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935922|Q1935922]]
| [[Lahmiales]]
| Lahmiales
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1938798|Q1938798]]
| [[Symmetrodonta]]
| Symmetrodonta
| [[Trechnotheria]]
| [[File:Zhangheotherium quinquecuspidens.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1939335|Q1939335]]
| [[Dorylaimida]]
| Dorylaimida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Adenophorea]]
| [[File:Roundworm.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1939823|Q1939823]]
| [[Calosphaeriales]]
| Calosphaeriales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
| [[File:2008-04-27 Pleurostoma vibratilis 53100.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1939830|Q1939830]]
| [[Boliniales]]
| Boliniales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
| [[File:Unidentified myxomycete 2005-08-07.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1940074|Q1940074]]
| [[Neelipleona]]
| Neelipleona<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[Collembola]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0b42a1cdceda15b720f15c5359d88138b9476890d02a6c4a27fa424b79e04fb">''[[:d:Q21061337|Class Collembola Lubbock, 1870]]''</ref>
| [[File:Neelus murinus (14048834018).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1941269|Q1941269]]
| [[Murrayonida]]
| Murrayonida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Calcinea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1943355|Q1943355]]
| [[Cystofilobasidiales]]
| Cystofilobasidiales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1943519|Q1943519]]
| [[Palaeonemertea]]
| Palaeonemertea
| [[Anopla]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cephalothrix linearis.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1943543|Q1943543]]
| [[Heteronemertea]]
| Heteronemertea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pilidiophora]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Proboscis worm.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1945948|Q1945948]]
| [[Bivalvulida]]
| Bivalvulida
| [[Myxosporea]]
| [[File:Myxobolus spinacurvatura.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1947754|Q1947754]]
| [[Medeolariales]]
| Medeolariales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1949507|Q1949507]]
| [[Megasecoptera]]
| Megasecoptera
| [[Palaeodictyopteroidea]]
| [[File:Larvae and adults of Mischoptera.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1952081|Q1952081]]
| [[Archodonata]]
| Archodonata
| [[Palaeodictyopteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1956526|Q1956526]]
| [[Mycocaliciales]]
| Mycocaliciales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43744c9fd886c7a8ff9136cedead73792ef171b2d2864c210485d69ad00e4111">''[[:d:Q59876635|Mycocaliciales, a New Order for Nonlichenized Calicioid Fungi]]''</ref>
| [[Mycocaliciomycetidae]]
| [[File:Phaeocalicium curtisii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1968304|Q1968304]]
| [[Lithistida]]
| Lithistida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Demospongiae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lithistida - Cupulina elata.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1973300|Q1973300]]
| [[Aristolochiales]]
| Aristolochiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Magnoliidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Lactoridanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aristolochia paucinervis FlowersCloseup3 12April2009 DehesaBoyaldePuertollano.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1983748|Q1983748]]
| [[Aulacocerida]]
| Aulacocerida
| [[Belemnoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1985258|Q1985258]]
| [[Hydatellales]]
| Hydatellales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Hydatellanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1990870|Q1990870]]
| [[Euphorbiales]]
| Euphorbiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Euphorbianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Podostemanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Euphorbia cyparissias-04 (xndr).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1992632|Q1992632]]
| [[Thecideida]]
| Thecideida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
| [[File:ThecideanZalas.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1993675|Q1993675]]
| [[Amoebida]]
| Amoebida<ref name="ref_0ddb104a7fca4a28eeafc2c5197ec05d38be0d46b41abb635b28e3113cdfa524">''[[:d:Q2574835|MycoBank]]''</ref>
| [[Tubulinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2008481|Q2008481]]
| [[Thermozodia]]
| Thermozodia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
| [[Mesotardigrada]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2017638|Q2017638]]
| [[Echinostomida]]
| Echinostomida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Digenea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Fasciola hepatica.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2017895|Q2017895]]
| [[Ligustrales]]
| Ligustrales
| [[Sympetalae]]
| [[File:216 Ligustrum vulgare L.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2022298|Q2022298]]
| [[Restionales]]
| Restionales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Juncanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Poanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Restio tetraphyllus1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2022672|Q2022672]]
| [[Acorales]]
| Acorales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acorus calamus.spadix.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2025672|Q2025672]]
| [[Orchocladina]]
| Orchocladina<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Lithistida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2030484|Q2030484]]
| [[Rhinobatiformes]]
| Rhinobatiformes<ref name="ref_9b85c5db39b7f179117e545650fc5c1814bb09da188f980b441a1cd24931ac59">https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=649687</ref>
| [[Batoidea]]
| [[File:Shovelnose guitarfish.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2031431|Q2031431]]
| [[Pyrenomonadales]]
| Pyrenomonadales<ref name="ref_1907a50b98982e87a6eaa507087f391deebe5f7e2c9948c6f45e27be273cf03c">''[[:d:Q104115715|Some proposals for a new classification system of the Cryptophyceae]]''</ref>
| [[Cryptophyceae]]
| [[File:Rhodomonas salina CCMP 322.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2031798|Q2031798]]
| [[Tubiflorae]]
| Tubiflorae
| [[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Convolvulus scammonia - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-046.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2032066|Q2032066]]
| [[Upupae]]
| Upupae
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2035198|Q2035198]]
| [[Capparales]]
| Capparales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Myrtanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Capparis sandwichiana Flowering & Fruiting (5209429101).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2036668|Q2036668]]
| [[Arctostylopida]]
| Arctostylopida
| [[Gliriformes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2051732|Q2051732]]
| [[Paramyxida]]
| Paramyxida<ref name="ref_41331ce19cb3f5454307d6e35930c0bdb0a7078cc5dedc38ea5695f07df7bb00">''[[:d:Q56014853|Sur une Cnidosporidie sans cnidoblaste (Paramyxa paradoxa n. g., n. sp.)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_05b76844e293ed05b5e8d83c431f65580cf714a96e7fafa867717d1a6ed1c182">''[[:d:Q108899521|Classification of the Haplosporidia]]''</ref>
| [[Ascetosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2052904|Q2052904]]
| [[Phascolosomatida]]
| Phascolosomatida
| [[Phascolosomatidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2052913|Q2052913]]
| [[Acoela]]
| Acoela<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Xenacoela]]
| [[File:Acoela.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2059792|Q2059792]]
| [[Plumbaginales]]
| Plumbaginales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Caryophyllidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Plumbaginanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Polygonanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illustration Limonium vulgare0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2064321|Q2064321]]
| [[Vitales]]
| Vitales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Vitis vinifera - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-145.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2066105|Q2066105]]
| [[Pectinoida]]
| Pectinoida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
| [[File:Anomia ephippium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2072138|Q2072138]]
| [[Myxiniformes]]
| Myxiniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Myxini]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pacific hagfish Myxine.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2080567|Q2080567]]
| [[Petriellales]]
| Petriellales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2081696|Q2081696]]
| [[Podostemales]]
| Podostemales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Podostemanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mourera fluviatilis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2088620|Q2088620]]
| [[Pholidophoriformes]]
| Pholidophoriformes
| [[Teleostei]]
| [[File:Pholidophorus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2096174|Q2096174]]
| [[Rhiniformes]]
| Rhiniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Euselachii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Rhynchobatus djiddensis durban.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2102991|Q2102991]]
| [[Rubiales]]
| Rubiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Asteridae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Inferae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Gentiananae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Lamianae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Rubia tinctorum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-123.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2106238|Q2106238]]
| [[Myricales]]
| Myricales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Juglandanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illustration Myrica gale0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2108781|Q2108781]]
| [[Eriocaulales]]
| Eriocaulales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eriocaulon decangulare (1832).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2109510|Q2109510]]
| [[Kathablepharida]]
| Kathablepharida<ref name="ref_97d730424f429b7ebed82d634aeec05ee7578ea9f1559b2e5d0efd63158d9b2b">''[[:d:Q54518300|The Protozoan Phylum Opalozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Leucocryptea]]
| [[File:Roombia truncata cells.TIF|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2113703|Q2113703]]
| [[Protolepidodendrales]]
| Protolepidodendrales
| [[Lycopodiopsida]]
| [[File:Leclercqia complexa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2115786|Q2115786]]
| [[Pseudosporochnales]]
| Pseudosporochnales
| [[Cladoxylopsida]]
| [[File:Eospermatopteris erianus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2116552|Q2116552]]
| [[Goniatitida]]
| Goniatitida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
| [[File:Fossile J 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2118061|Q2118061]]
| [[Theales]]
| Theales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Theanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tea flower.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2118512|Q2118512]]
| [[Rhamnales]]
| Rhamnales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Rhamnanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Malvanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Rhamnus cathartica - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-255.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2127292|Q2127292]]
| [[Enantioblastae]]
| Enantioblastae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:CommelinaHanging.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2152438|Q2152438]]
| [[Sphaerotheriida]]
| Sphaerotheriida<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[pill millipede]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pill millipede.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2155063|Q2155063]]
| [[Dictyotales]]
| Dictyotales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyotophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Capo Gallo Dicotoma.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2159380|Q2159380]]
| [[Robertinida]]
| Robertinida
| [[Globothalamea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2160533|Q2160533]]
| [[Priapulomorpha]]
| Priapulomorpha
| [[Priapulida]]
| [[File:Priapulus caudatus FZ.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2160746|Q2160746]]
| [[Lithonida]]
| Lithonida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Calcaronea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2166570|Q2166570]]
| [[Chondrosida]]
| Chondrosida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Tetractinomorpha]]<br/>[[Demospongiae]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chondrosia reniformis01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2170695|Q2170695]]
| [[Mormonilloida]]
| Mormonilloida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Podoplea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mormonilla phasma.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2176477|Q2176477]]
| [[Rhytismatales]]
| Rhytismatales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
| [[File:Rhytisma acerinum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2186022|Q2186022]]
| [[Salicales]]
| Salicales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Violanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Salix caprea Male.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2189522|Q2189522]]
| [[Calycerales]]
| Calycerales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Asteridae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Asteranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Boopis bupleuroides.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2191516|Q2191516]]
| [[Pholidota (taxon de animalia)|Pholidota]]
| Pholidota<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Laurasiatheria]]<ref name="ref_1a2d60ebf70a4e62cc9a7ae6753dd6c6a96900fb525c591016e68fc251ca4e35">''[[:d:Q82494|National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eupholidota.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2199372|Q2199372]]
| [[Polygalales]]
| Polygalales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Thalamiflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Geranianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Fabanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Polygala vulgaris bluete.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2710512|Q2710512]]
| [[Acrochaetiales]]
| Acrochaetiales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
| [[File:Audouinella.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2712199|Q2712199]]
| [[Agyriales]]
| Agyriales<ref name="ref_06b100a91d5cb5291b6a52503a56fc955e9c9414b13093f60fc8ec38fe29d5ea">http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=90523</ref>
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Trapelia involuta-1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2713052|Q2713052]]
| [[Alteromonadales]]
| Alteromonadales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Shewanella oneidensis.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2714640|Q2714640]]
| [[Cutleriales]]
| Cutleriales
| [[Phaeophyceae]]
| [[File:Cutleria cylindrica - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC07656.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2714646|Q2714646]]
| [[Ascoseirales]]
| Ascoseirales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2714662|Q2714662]]
| [[Desmarestiales]]
| Desmarestiales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Desmerestia aculeata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2715035|Q2715035]]
| [[Bangiales]]
| Bangiales
| [[Bangiophyceae]]
| [[File:Bangia fuscopurpurea (formerly Bangia lutea).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2716692|Q2716692]]
| [[Chloranthales]]
| Chloranthales<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Angiospermae|angiosperms]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sarcandra glabra3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2720030|Q2720030]]
| [[Sabiales]]
| Sabiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Proteanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Meliosma veitchorum1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2720158|Q2720158]]
| [[Gynandrae]]
| Gynandrae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Orchis italica a.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2726247|Q2726247]]
| [[Trichosphaeriales]]
| Trichosphaeriales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2733041|Q2733041]]
| [[Notomyotida]]
| Notomyotida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Asteroidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Benthopecten sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2740581|Q2740581]]
| [[Salpida]]
| Salpida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Thaliacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Salp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2745541|Q2745541]]
| [[Echiuroidea]]
| Echiuroidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Echiura]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Echiura in Korea1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2748371|Q2748371]]
| [[Harpetida]]
| Harpetida
| [[Trilobita]]
| [[File:Harpetidae species trilobite.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2748622|Q2748622]]
| [[Tetralithistida]]
| Tetralithistida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Lithistida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2751861|Q2751861]]
| [[Pantolesta]]
| Pantolesta
| [[Ferae]]
| [[File:Palaeosinopa NT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2760783|Q2760783]]
| [[Plagiorchiida]]
| Plagiorchiida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Digenea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paragonimus westermanii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2782692|Q2782692]]
| [[Apororhynchida]]
| Apororhynchida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Archiacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Apororhynchus hemignathi.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2783152|Q2783152]]
| [[Oligacanthorhynchida]]
| Oligacanthorhynchida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Archiacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus adult BAM1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2800290|Q2800290]]
| [[Leptomyxida]]
| Leptomyxida<ref name="ref_c960b6892623db19bed454c38e9327b25dcaa3d5467c8284b99b4ed532c4f384">''[[:d:Q109920691|Étude des genres Leptomyxa et Gephyramoeba (Protozoa, Sarcodina). I. Leptomyxa reticulata Goodey, 1915]]''</ref>
| [[Tubulinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2800411|Q2800411]]
| [[Verticillatae]]
| Verticillatae
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Casuarina cunninghamiana fruit01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2804202|Q2804202]]
| [[Centramoebida]]
| Centramoebida
| [[Longamoebia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acanthamoeba polyphaga cyst.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2808654|Q2808654]]
| [[Macrodasyida]]
| Macrodasyida
| [[Gastrotricha]]<ref name="ref_0e21d2f391eca5f2f3be713442cd269e6faf987853d7d220a83e592a345f2dad">''[[:d:Q18642824|Phylum Gastrotricha]]''</ref>
| [[File:Thaumastoderma ramuliferum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2814783|Q2814783]]
| [[Gaviiformes]]
| Gaviiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Aequornithes]]
| [[File:Common Loon.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2822646|Q2822646]]
| [[Acarosporales]]
| Acarosporales<ref name="ref_14c8ebff95c98e6cdb132798a90db6de38c19e3f00a6f3dd821fad69ace7024f">http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=501289</ref>
| [[Acarosporomycetidae]]
| [[File:Acarospora glaucocarpa-1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2823177|Q2823177]]
| [[Aciculata]]
| Aciculata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polychaeta]]
| [[File:Nerr0328.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2823511|Q2823511]]
| [[Acrosiphoniales]]
| Acrosiphoniales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Acrosiphonia arcta.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2823518|Q2823518]]
| [[Acrosymphytales]]
| Acrosymphytales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Acrosymphyton firmum M.W.Hawkes (AM AK295823).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2827708|Q2827708]]
| [[Ahnfeltiales]]
| Ahnfeltiales
| [[Florideophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ahnfeltia plicata Helgoland.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2839447|Q2839447]]
| [[Miomoptera]]
| Miomoptera
| [[Eumetabola]]<br/>[[Clareocercaria]]<ref name="ref_12d8242f541e593f9344feec40c683610d38c47d96be32b3f2ebb4e3e83a1c5d">''[[:d:Q38367978|Redefining the extinct orders Miomoptera and Hypoperlida as stem acercarian insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Wing of Metropator pusillus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2839918|Q2839918]]
| [[Blastodiniales]]
| Blastodiniales
| [[Blastodiniophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2843210|Q2843210]]
| [[Acrasiales]]
| Acrasiales
| [[Acrasiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2846441|Q2846441]]
| [[Andreaeales]]
| Andreaeales
| [[Andreaeidae]]
| [[File:Bryophyta 14.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2846443|Q2846443]]
| [[Andreaeobryales]]
| Andreaeobryales
| [[Andreaeidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2854356|Q2854356]]
| [[Scitamineae]]
| Scitamineae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Curcuma longa - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-199.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2858227|Q2858227]]
| [[Aphelenchida]]
| Aphelenchida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Secernentea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2868413|Q2868413]]
| [[Asterocladales]]
| Asterocladales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2868420|Q2868420]]
| [[Asterolamprales]]
| Asterolamprales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2878861|Q2878861]]
| [[Baerida]]
| Baerida<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[Calcaronea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2880595|Q2880595]]
| [[Balbianiales]]
| Balbianiales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
| [[File:British fresh-water algae, exclusive of Desmidieae and Diatomaceae (1882-1884) (20424452691).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2881290|Q2881290]]
| [[Balliales]]
| Balliales<ref name="ref_4846bcfdfe0233c8fbb1b02db3e7ee919bf25d43f2aa3e72b590434f0ae8d99a">''[[:d:Q54778015|Nuclear small-subunit rDNA sequences from Ballia spp. (Rhodophyta): proposal of the Balliales ord. nov., Balliaceae fam. nov., Ballia nana sp. nov. and Inkyuleea gen. nov. (Ceramiales)]]''</ref>
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
| [[File:Album général des Cryptogames, Pl. 264.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2883250|Q2883250]]
| [[Apochela]]
| Apochela<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eutardigrada]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2885825|Q2885825]]
| [[Rhynchonellida]]
| Rhynchonellida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhynchonellata]]<ref name="ref_f37f24b656cb23a9ca38b6885309672e3c7e8327e0dab838e55c494857e0a97e">''[[:d:Q18674784|Phylum Brachiopoda]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ladogia Nalivkin, 1941 Devonian Western Russia.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2891619|Q2891619]]
| [[Batrachospermales]]
| Batrachospermales
| [[Florideophyceae]]
| [[File:Batrachospermum moniliforme.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2899203|Q2899203]]
| [[Sphenophyllales]]
| Sphenophyllales
| [[Equisetopsida]]
| [[File:Sphenophyllum.gif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2906812|Q2906812]]
| [[Trepostomatida]]
| Trepostomatida
| [[Stenolaemata]]
| [[File:Prasopora.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2910261|Q2910261]]
| [[Bonnemaisoniales]]
| Bonnemaisoniales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Bonnemaisonia asparagoides Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2925661|Q2925661]]
| [[Brisingida]]
| Brisingida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_4d33af8f3d071b5941d99d5f295d3d4930b7252c73530171c298d1623fdf5d92">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123085</ref><ref name="ref_a702847b45c1ffae927851330be73b307976b9be8514be3f611f4258abec4835">''[[:d:Q64230413|Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters. Part 2. Forcipulata (part)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c545d87fd1e94848ac8a91b6c745f052277bb86702663bcccbc2948f305d3c1a">''[[:d:Q124051613|Systematics of deep-sea starfish order Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with a revised classification and assessments of morphological characters]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c33684dba0d1835c09cb47aa7c21dc218b8a5027956d146b583f507578fbdf6a">''[[:d:Q66412284|The marine fauna of New Zealand: Asteroidea (sea-stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida]]''</ref>
| [[Asteroidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Manningstar 600.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2935521|Q2935521]]
| [[Terebinthales]]
| Terebinthales
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pistacia lentiscus - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-110.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2937672|Q2937672]]
| [[Pristiformes]]
| Pristiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref>
| [[Batoidea]]
| [[File:Pristis pristis - Georgia Aquarium Jan 2006.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2941195|Q2941195]]
| [[Halosphaeriales]]
| Halosphaeriales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2941748|Q2941748]]
| [[Catenulida]]
| Catenulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Plathelminthes|Platyhelminthes]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Catenula lemnae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2946347|Q2946347]]
| [[Ceramiales]]
| Ceramiales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Phycologia Britannica, or, A history of British sea-weeds - containing coloured figures, generic and specific characters, synonymes, and descriptions of all the species of algae inhabiting the shores (14577735350).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2946383|Q2946383]]
| [[Ceratophyllales]]
| Ceratophyllales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Angiospermae|angiosperms]]<ref name="ref_48a3130b6d2735cbba082a16f6145b4603d757b0cbb56fc618bd3d043d9aecf0">''[[:d:Q14396088|An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2ac0a98f2ede0af4121e6b3efcc3f0f055f5d9ad3db914c6538104d875766a81">''[[:d:Q14565069|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II]]''</ref>
| [[File:CeratophyllumSubmersum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2947529|Q2947529]]
| [[Chaetocerotales]]
| Chaetocerotales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Chaetoceros didymus by Line1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2963928|Q2963928]]
| [[Chirodropida]]
| Chirodropida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Cubozoa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Avispa marina.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2964097|Q2964097]]
| [[Chlorobiales]]
| Chlorobiales
| [[Chlorobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2964512|Q2964512]]
| [[Choriplacina]]
| Choriplacina<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Neoloricata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2982331|Q2982331]]
| [[Colaconematales]]
| Colaconematales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
| [[File:Colaconema daviesii Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2982568|Q2982568]]
| [[Coliiformes]]
| Coliiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Coraciimorphae]]
| [[File:Speckled mousebird.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2984609|Q2984609]]
| [[Colymbiformes]]
| Colymbiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2990799|Q2990799]]
| [[Compsopogonales]]
| Compsopogonales
| [[Compsopogonophyceae]]
| [[File:Compsopogon 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2998105|Q2998105]]
| [[Corticiales]]
| Corticiales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Erythricium laetum 40560.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3008039|Q3008039]]
| [[Cyanidiales]]
| Cyanidiales
| [[Cyanidiophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cyanidium O5A.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3008080|Q3008080]]
| [[Diapensiales]]
| Diapensiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nordens flora Diapensia lapponica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3008243|Q3008243]]
| [[Cyclanthales]]
| Cyclanthales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Arecidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Cyclanthanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Pandananae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Carludovica palmata1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3010751|Q3010751]]
| [[Goniotrichales]]
| Goniotrichales
| [[Bangiophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3012834|Q3012834]]
| [[Isochrysidales]]
| Isochrysidales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
| [[File:Gephyrocapsa oceanica color.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3015063|Q3015063]]
| [[Scytothamnales]]
| Scytothamnales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Flora Antarctica Plate CLXXIV.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3015572|Q3015572]]
| [[Sphacelariales]]
| Sphacelariales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyotophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Halopteris filicina herbarium item.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3017955|Q3017955]]
| [[Tilopteridales]]
| Tilopteridales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cutleria multifida 1 Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3019478|Q3019478]]
| [[Nemaliales]]
| Nemaliales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
| [[File:Liagora viscida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3021311|Q3021311]]
| [[Deinococcales]]
| Deinococcales
| [[Deinococci]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Deinococcus radiodurans.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3022160|Q3022160]]
| [[Gelidiales]]
| Gelidiales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:NdP Gelidium corneum.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3022189|Q3022189]]
| [[Erythropeltidales]]
| Erythropeltidales
| [[Compsopogonophyceae]]
| [[File:Erythrotrichia carnea Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3022196|Q3022196]]
| [[Gracilariales]]
| Gracilariales<ref name="ref_9f47392924d39f9978abc73c67a12d64b55abd6a79deca7b33953847759030f2">''[[:d:Q54669924|PROPOSAL OF THE GRACILARIALES ORD. NOV. (RHODOPHYTA) BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF GRACILARIA VERRUCOSA]]''</ref>
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Gracilaria2.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3023297|Q3023297]]
| [[Nemastomatales]]
| Nemastomatales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Schizymenia duby Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3026516|Q3026516]]
| [[Dicellurata]]
| Dicellurata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Diplura]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:JapyxLefroy.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3026780|Q3026780]]
| [[Dictyoceratida]]
| Dictyoceratida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Keratosa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Filograna implexa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3027372|Q3027372]]
| [[Polemoniales]]
| Polemoniales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Bicarpellatae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Icone botanique01.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3028592|Q3028592]]
| [[Macrostomida]]
| Macrostomida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Macrostomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dolichomacrostomum uniporum.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3028843|Q3028843]]
| [[Prolecithophora]]
| Prolecithophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Turbellarios|Turbellaria]]
| [[File:Plagiostomum vittatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3029061|Q3029061]]
| [[Lecithoepitheliata]]
| Lecithoepitheliata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Turbellarios|Turbellaria]]
| [[File:Geocentrophora baltica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032638|Q3032638]]
| [[Dixoniellales]]
| Dixoniellales<ref name="ref_57ea55ccf2f83bbcf634d9dc62a7d4af8f73f13f8cd9cf433ef0732edbf781e4">''[[:d:Q54666193|Corynoplastis japonica gen. et sp. nov. and Dixoniellales ord. nov. (Rhodellophyceae, Rhodophyta) based on morphological and molecular evidence]]''</ref>
| [[Rhodellophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3034565|Q3034565]]
| [[Aspidosiphonida]]
| Aspidosiphonida
| [[Phascolosomatidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3037286|Q3037286]]
| [[Dorypteryx longipennis]]
| Dorypteryx longipennis
| [[Dorypteryx]]
| [[File:Dorypteryx longipennis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3046983|Q3046983]]
| [[Echinosteliales]]
| Echinosteliales<br/>Echinosteliida
| [[Myxogastria]]<br/>[[Columellidia]]
| [[File:Rabenhorst Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland p.411.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3055640|Q3055640]]
| [[Eosentomata]]
| Eosentomata
| [[Protura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3060371|Q3060371]]
| [[Eunicida]]
| Eunicida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Errantia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eunice aphroditois.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3060459|Q3060459]]
| [[Eupriapulida]]
| Eupriapulida
| [[Priapulida]]
| [[File:Priapulus caudatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3079028|Q3079028]]
| [[Galbuliformes]]
| Galbuliformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[ave]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nystalus-radiatus-001.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3082155|Q3082155]]
| [[Coccolithales]]
| Coccolithales
| [[Coccolithophyceae]]
| [[File:Coccolithus pelagicus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3087256|Q3087256]]
| [[Procolophonomorpha]]
| Procolophonomorpha
| [[Parareptilia]]
| [[File:Anning plesiosaur.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3087946|Q3087946]]
| [[Soleolifera]]
| Soleolifera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Opisthobranchia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3108574|Q3108574]]
| [[Glaucocystales]]
| Glaucocystales
| [[Glaucophyceae]]
| [[File:Glaucocystis sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3108594|Q3108594]]
| [[Glaucosphaerales]]
| Glaucosphaerales
| [[Rhodellophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3108659|Q3108659]]
| [[Lichida]]
| Lichida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Terataspis grandis e.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3110501|Q3110501]]
| [[Goniactinida]]
| Goniactinida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Somasteroidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3111386|Q3111386]]
| [[Sarcoptiformes]]
| Sarcoptiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Acariformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tectodamaeus wulongensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3115171|Q3115171]]
| [[Trechisporales]]
| Trechisporales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Trechispora.mollusca.-.lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3122720|Q3122720]]
| [[Gyracanthocephala]]
| Gyracanthocephala<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eoacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3126286|Q3126286]]
| [[Halymeniales]]
| Halymeniales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Grateloupia turuturu Jymm.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3135619|Q3135619]]
| [[Hildenbrandiales]]
| Hildenbrandiales
| [[Hildenbrandiophycidae]]
| [[File:Hildenbrandia rivularis 02 by-dpc.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3139571|Q3139571]]
| [[Homalorhagida]]
| Homalorhagida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b2443bdb8eb065e0d3e88ce0d3b6b6fc0fba0b6a252f6528d420213f2db3c710">''[[:d:Q19317420|Phylum Kinorhyncha]]''</ref>
| [[Kinorhyncha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b2443bdb8eb065e0d3e88ce0d3b6b6fc0fba0b6a252f6528d420213f2db3c710">''[[:d:Q19317420|Phylum Kinorhyncha]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3141838|Q3141838]]
| [[Pseudophyllidea]]
| Pseudophyllidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eucestoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Diphyl proglottidE.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3143734|Q3143734]]
| [[Hydrogenophilales]]
| Hydrogenophilales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Hydrogenophilia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3175015|Q3175015]]
| [[Sessilia]]
| Sessilia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Thoracica]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Barnacles.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3199468|Q3199468]]
| [[Cassiduloida]]
| Cassiduloida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b4e97428ed3532e51edc0912c91c1597fc173611c46b24baf5c2621fa27aab96">''[[:d:Q104454728|Homoplasy and extinction: the phylogeny of cassidulid echinoids (Echinodermata)]]''</ref>
| [[Atelostomata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Echinolampas hemisphaerica MHNT Burdigalien Bollene 84.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3204672|Q3204672]]
| [[Temnopleuroida]]
| Temnopleuroida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Echinacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Flower urchin by Vincent C Chen.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3205725|Q3205725]]
| [[Patellariales]]
| Patellariales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Patellaria atrata 47974.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3240372|Q3240372]]
| [[Columniferae]]
| Columniferae
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Alcea rosea - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-009.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3266272|Q3266272]]
| [[Liliiflorae]]
| Liliiflorae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lilium michiganense 3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3268477|Q3268477]]
| [[Lycoperdales]]
| Lycoperdales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Riesenbovist.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3268929|Q3268929]]
| [[Lingulida]]
| Lingulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Lingulata]]<ref name="ref_f37f24b656cb23a9ca38b6885309672e3c7e8327e0dab838e55c494857e0a97e">''[[:d:Q18674784|Phylum Brachiopoda]]''</ref>
| [[File:Botsfordia caelata 1.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3273708|Q3273708]]
| [[Terebratulida]]
| Terebratulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
| [[File:Terebratella sanguinea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3277156|Q3277156]]
| [[Velatida]]
| Velatida<ref name="ref_c33684dba0d1835c09cb47aa7c21dc218b8a5027956d146b583f507578fbdf6a">''[[:d:Q66412284|The marine fauna of New Zealand: Asteroidea (sea-stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida]]''</ref>
| [[Asteroidea]]
| [[File:Solaster endeca 001.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3291852|Q3291852]]
| [[Radiodonta]]
| Radiodonta
| [[Dinocarida]]
| [[File:20191201 Radiodonta Amplectobelua Anomalocaris Aegirocassis Lyrarapax Peytoia Laggania Hurdia.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3295418|Q3295418]]
| [[Tetraphyllidea]]
| Tetraphyllidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eucestoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Anthobothrium cornucopia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3306459|Q3306459]]
| [[Pteridales]]
| Pteridales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
| [[File:Adiantum lunulatum W2 IMG 2337.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3312216|Q3312216]]
| [[Stigonematales]]
| Stigonematales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]
| [[File:Microcystis aeruginosa.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3314611|Q3314611]]
| [[Amiiformes]]
| Amiiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Neopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amia calva1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3316454|Q3316454]]
| [[Methanobacteriales]]
| Methanobacteriales
| [[Methanobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327483|Q3327483]]
| [[Mugiliformes]]
| Mugiliformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7cc870d4a7280a340235a051f6521b358e5a79c3b805a7f6acecd7a93deb6039">''[[:d:Q51454312|Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Mugilomorphae]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Liza ramada.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3329309|Q3329309]]
| [[Amphilinidea]]
| Amphilinidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Cestodaria]]<br/>[[Nephroposticophora]]
| [[File:Gigantolina.elongata.in.vivo.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3337678|Q3337678]]
| [[Nektaspida]]
| Nektaspida
| [[Trilobitomorpha]]
| [[File:Naraoia spinosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3338025|Q3338025]]
| [[Nemodermatales]]
| Nemodermatales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Album général des Cryptogames, Pl. 179.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3338196|Q3338196]]
| [[Neomeniamorpha]]
| Neomeniamorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Solenogastres]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3344541|Q3344541]]
| [[Notostraca]]
| Notostraca<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Phyllopoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:LepidurusApus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3349461|Q3349461]]
| [[Oegophiurida]]
| Oegophiurida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ophiuroidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3354233|Q3354233]]
| [[Opisthorchiida]]
| Opisthorchiida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Digenea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Clonorchis sinensis 2.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3361562|Q3361562]]
| [[Palmariales]]
| Palmariales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
| [[File:Palmaria palmata 1 Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3361632|Q3361632]]
| [[Palmipedes]]
| Palmipedes
| [[ave]]
| [[File:Anas platyrhynchos (Male) in Locarno.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3364269|Q3364269]]
| [[Ichthyostegalia]]
| Ichthyostegalia
| [[Labyrinthodontia]]
| [[File:Ichthyostega BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3377527|Q3377527]]
| [[Polyopisthocotylea]]
| Polyopisthocotylea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Monogenea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Journal.pone.0079155.g004 Only silhouettes of bodies.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3377871|Q3377871]]
| [[Peyssonneliales]]
| Peyssonneliales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Peyssonnelia sp 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3381981|Q3381981]]
| [[Phymosomatoida]]
| Phymosomatoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Echinacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Phymosoma.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3381996|Q3381996]]
| [[Physarales]]
| Physarales
| [[Myxogastria]]<br/>[[Columellidia]]
| [[File:Physarum psittacinum124.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3388246|Q3388246]]
| [[Trypanorhyncha]]
| Trypanorhyncha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eucestoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Parasite140092-fig3 - FIG11 Nybelinia basimegacantha body.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3388332|Q3388332]]
| [[Pihiellales]]
| Pihiellales
| [[Ahnfeltiophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3392494|Q3392494]]
| [[Plocamiales]]
| Plocamiales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Plocamium cartilagineum Miller.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3398229|Q3398229]]
| [[Porphyridiales]]
| Porphyridiales
| [[Porphyridiophyceae]]
| [[File:Porphyridium purpureum1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3409994|Q3409994]]
| [[Psocodea]]
| Psocodea
| [[Paraneoptera]]
| [[File:PsocopteraWynaad.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3410254|Q3410254]]
| [[Pteraspidomorphes]]
| Pteraspidomorphes
| [[Pteraspidomorphi]]
| [[File:Heterostraci.gif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3418122|Q3418122]]
| [[Ralfsiales]]
| Ralfsiales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Analipus japonica (10106970715).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3429559|Q3429559]]
| [[Rhizophorales]]
| Rhizophorales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rhizophoranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3429571|Q3429571]]
| [[Rhodachlyales]]
| Rhodachlyales<ref name="ref_6fc7e45cb3c61fd1871d642d298e13cd0191427d1f1011224ff54db0e811aaf7">''[[:d:Q54794295|Rhodachlya madagascarensis gen. et sp. nov.: a distinct acrochaetioid represents a new order and family (Rhodachlyales ord. Nov., Rhodachlyaceae fam. Nov.) of the Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta)]]''</ref>
| [[Florideophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3429598|Q3429598]]
| [[Rhodellales]]
| Rhodellales
| [[Rhodellophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3429626|Q3429626]]
| [[Rhodochaetales]]
| Rhodochaetales
| [[Compsopogonophyceae]]
| [[File:Album général des Cryptogames, Pl. 198.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3429637|Q3429637]]
| [[Rhodogorgonales]]
| Rhodogorgonales
| [[Corallinophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3429668|Q3429668]]
| [[Rhodymeniales]]
| Rhodymeniales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
| [[File:Rhodymenia pseudopalmata 2 Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3452805|Q3452805]]
| [[Rufusiales]]
| Rufusiales
| [[Stylonematophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3461430|Q3461430]]
| [[Haplosclerida]]
| Haplosclerida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Callyspongia crassa 3 at Shaab Claudia.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3469707|Q3469707]]
| [[Salenioida]]
| Salenioida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Echinacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Salenia (Salenia) petalifera MHNT Cénomanien La Heve Ste Adresse 76.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3474939|Q3474939]]
| [[Scalpellomorpha]]
| Scalpellomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Thoracicalcarea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pollicipes pollicipes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3476932|Q3476932]]
| [[Sebdeniales]]
| Sebdeniales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3480154|Q3480154]]
| [[Monstrilloida]]
| Monstrilloida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Podoplea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Monstrilla longiremis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3484911|Q3484911]]
| [[Sinentomata]]
| Sinentomata
| [[Protura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3485192|Q3485192]]
| [[Siphonocladales]]
| Siphonocladales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Typhlatya Rogersi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3488765|Q3488765]]
| [[Chroococcales]]
| Chroococcales
| [[Chroococcophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Microcystis aeruginosa.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3492534|Q3492534]]
| [[Oscillatoriales]]
| Oscillatoriales
| [[Oscillatoriophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Oscillatoria filaments.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3493791|Q3493791]]
| [[Sporolithales]]
| Sporolithales
| [[Corallinophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3498809|Q3498809]]
| [[Sterrofustia]]
| Sterrofustia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Solenogastres]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3501338|Q3501338]]
| [[Stylonematales]]
| Stylonematales
| [[Stylonematophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Stylonemaalsidii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3504739|Q3504739]]
| [[Trentepohliales]]
| Trentepohliales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Trentepohlia aurea 130408.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3509022|Q3509022]]
| [[Syringodermatales]]
| Syringodermatales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyotophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3517344|Q3517344]]
| [[Telestacea]]
| Telestacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Octocorallia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3517459|Q3517459]]
| [[Temnocephalida]]
| Temnocephalida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Neorhabdocoela]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Symbiotic flatworm (10.1590-2358-2936e2016026) Figure 6.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3519447|Q3519447]]
| [[Thalassocalycida]]
| Thalassocalycida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Tentaculata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ctneophore - Flickr - NOAA Ocean Exploration ^ Research.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3524131|Q3524131]]
| [[Ploima]]
| Ploima<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pseudotrocha]]<ref name="ref_c6231a1cba5a31be54bcd7e77ad91c3f46069dba01c5b69000f3c893f8261b93">''[[:d:Q18644400|Phylum Rotifera Cuvier, 1817]]''</ref>
| [[File:The Rotifer Notholca sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3525803|Q3525803]]
| [[Thoreales]]
| Thoreales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3538983|Q3538983]]
| [[Tricholomatales]]
| Tricholomatales
| [[Basidiomycota]]
| [[File:Gąska zielonka 4163586757.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3539809|Q3539809]]
| [[Trochiliformes]]
| Trochiliformes
| [[ave]]
| [[File:Rubythroathummer65.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3552134|Q3552134]]
| [[Uraraneida]]
| Uraraneida
| [[arachnido]]<br/>[[Serikodiastida]]
| [[File:Attercopus fimbriunguis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3558384|Q3558384]]
| [[Terebellida]]
| Terebellida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_177e40379680f855e177cf9f244a595ca3c96771d6d93634615ab91f3e6fe6e5">''[[:d:Q110692895|The “Spaghetti Project”: the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia)]]''</ref>
| [[Canalipalpata]]
| [[File:Cirratulus cirratus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3603904|Q3603904]]
| [[Acanthothoraci]]
| Acanthothoraci
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Murrindalaspis wallacei.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3604801|Q3604801]]
| [[Actinocerida]]
| Actinocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3605955|Q3605955]]
| [[Aepyornithiformes]]
| Aepyornithiformes
| [[Palaeognathae]]
| [[File:Aepyornis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3615298|Q3615298]]
| [[Spionida]]
| Spionida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Canalipalpata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Magelona johnstoni.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3620572|Q3620572]]
| [[Apatotheria]]
| Apatotheria
| [[Cimolesta]]
| [[File:Heterohyus nanus (TMP 2009.003.0057), Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta, 2025-07-13.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3624873|Q3624873]]
| [[Ascocerida]]
| Ascocerida
| [[Neocephalopoda]]
| [[File:Ascoceras ontogeny.gif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3635160|Q3635160]]
| [[Barrandeocerida]]
| Barrandeocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3648039|Q3648039]]
| [[Saprolegniales]]
| Saprolegniales
| [[Saprolegniidae]]<br/>[[Saprolegniomycetes]]
| [[File:Seatrout UDN saprolegnia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3675396|Q3675396]]
| [[Chondrophora]]
| Chondrophora
| [[Hydrozoa]]
| [[File:Velelle.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3694990|Q3694990]]
| [[Myxosporida]]
| Myxosporida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Myxosporea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3696002|Q3696002]]
| [[Cotylosauria]]
| Cotylosauria
| [[Anapsida]]
| [[File:Diadectes BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3709951|Q3709951]]
| [[Discosorida]]
| Discosorida
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3719223|Q3719223]]
| [[Monhysterida]]
| Monhysterida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Adenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3719570|Q3719570]]
| [[Oxyurida]]
| Oxyurida
| [[Spiruria]]
| [[File:Oxyuris vermicularis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3720278|Q3720278]]
| [[Spirobolida]]
| Spirobolida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Helminthomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Juliformia]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:NarceusAmericanusMillipede.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3723510|Q3723510]]
| [[Ellesmerocerida]]
| Ellesmerocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
| [[File:Cameroceras trentonese.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3730785|Q3730785]]
| [[Chlorodendrales]]
| Chlorodendrales
| [[Chlorodendrophyceae]]
| [[File:Bacillario008.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3730806|Q3730806]]
| [[Mamiellales]]
| Mamiellales<ref name="ref_f6ebfeed49566ebbbfc3cdcc475367a56d0c7a6a497c3cf3d163e06f6a11f197">''[[:d:Q100722073|Further studies on Nephroselmis and its allies (Prasinophyceae). II. Mamiella gen. nov., Mamiellaceae fam. nov., Mamiellales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Mamiellophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Esquema Micromonas pusilla.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3730815|Q3730815]]
| [[Pyramimonadales]]
| Pyramimonadales
| [[Pyramimonadophyceae]]
| [[File:Pyramimonas sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3734141|Q3734141]]
| [[Eucoccidiorida]]
| Eucoccidiorida<ref name="ref_482b1afc773fdb8673c3a9d2bf5b723661e4792369fa3621a45a9c4d9cfa9c67">''[[:d:Q109567037|Selenococcidium intermedium Lég. et Dub. et la systématique des sporozoaires]]''</ref>
| [[Coccidia]]
| [[File:Toxoplasma gondii tachy.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3734548|Q3734548]]
| [[Euomphalida]]
| Euomphalida
| [[Eogastropoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3781035|Q3781035]]
| [[Syndiniales]]
| Syndiniales
| [[Syndiniophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3799302|Q3799302]]
| [[Intejocerida]]
| Intejocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3805917|Q3805917]]
| [[Polydolopimorphia]]
| Polydolopimorphia
| [[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]
| [[File:Argyrolagus NT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3814101|Q3814101]]
| [[Kazacharthra]]
| Kazacharthra
| [[Branchiopoda]]
| [[File:Kazacharthra.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2206636|Q2206636]]
| [[Rhoeadales]]
| Rhoeadales
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Papaver rhoeas - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-101.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2208121|Q2208121]]
| [[Stygiomysida]]
| Stygiomysida<ref name="ref_ee8537fe54ade0dcdc4fbfa63340b3c335371f7829b3e40edc08a503500cf708">''[[:d:Q104204003|Uptaded checklist, historical overview and illustrated guide to the stygobiont Malacostraca (Arthropoda: Crustacea) species of Yucatan (Mexico)]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]
| [[File:Spelaeomysis quinterensis (10.3897-subtbiol.26.27097) Figure 1 (cropped).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2210443|Q2210443]]
| [[Didymelales]]
| Didymelales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Daphniphyllanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Didymeles.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2213076|Q2213076]]
| [[Haloragales]]
| Haloragales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Rosidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Podostemanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cleaned-Illustration Myriophyllum spicatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2215633|Q2215633]]
| [[Spirophorida]]
| Spirophorida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Demospongiae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Craniella arb.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2220924|Q2220924]]
| [[Sporidiales]]
| Sporidiales
| [[Exobasidiomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2223193|Q2223193]]
| [[Filospermoidea]]
| Filospermoidea
| [[Gnathostomulida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2224427|Q2224427]]
| [[Dicyemida]]
| Dicyemida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhombozoa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dicyema macrocephalum.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2225586|Q2225586]]
| [[Diospyrales]]
| Diospyrales
| [[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Diospyros lotus Bra36.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2226964|Q2226964]]
| [[Siphonostomatoida]]
| Siphonostomatoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Podoplea]]
| [[File:Lernaeocera branchialis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2231525|Q2231525]]
| [[Daphniphyllales]]
| Daphniphyllales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Daphniphyllanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Hamamelidanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Daphniphyllum teijsmannii5.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2235465|Q2235465]]
| [[Eucommiales]]
| Eucommiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Eucommianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Cornanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eucommia-ulmoides.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2237321|Q2237321]]
| [[Juncales]]
| Juncales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Juncanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:JuncusEffusus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2241173|Q2241173]]
| [[Camallanida]]
| Camallanida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Secernentea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Dracunculus medinensis larvae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2244421|Q2244421]]
| [[Poecilosclerida]]
| Poecilosclerida<ref name="ref_de8f5cd21a33200f2a1d763f84cc6ea64f62f614b8d9290d431897e6413f0e65">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=167285</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hemimycale columella 1 (Bowerbank, 1874).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2257233|Q2257233]]
| [[Istiophoriformes]]
| Istiophoriformes
| [[Carangaria]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.ART.194 - Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder) - Kawahara Keiga - 1823 - 1829 - Siebold Collection - new version.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2257322|Q2257322]]
| [[Himatismenida]]
| Himatismenida<ref name="ref_45ce8e90acdfa5c39b7fac1e4433a29bacd49a6a139fa35c4c9bcd394341be70">''[[:d:Q104049131|The Classification of ‘Naked’ Amoebae (Phylum Rhizopoda)]]''</ref>
| [[Flabellinia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref><br/>[[Centramoebia]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Collection Penard MHNG Specimen 110-1-2 Cochliopodium granulatum.tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2261023|Q2261023]]
| [[Misophrioida]]
| Misophrioida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Podoplea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Benthomisophria palliata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2261590|Q2261590]]
| [[Casuarinales]]
| Casuarinales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Hamamelidanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Casuarinanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Casuarina equisetifolia GS298.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2262552|Q2262552]]
| [[Golfingiiformes]]
| Golfingiiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Sipunculidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Golfingia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2263843|Q2263843]]
| [[Balanopales]]
| Balanopales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Daphniphyllanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Hamamelidanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2264154|Q2264154]]
| [[Thelephorales]]
| Thelephorales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Sarcodon imbricatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2269593|Q2269593]]
| [[Neotaenioglossa]]
| Neotaenioglossa<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gastropodos]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Phalium bandatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2270217|Q2270217]]
| [[Eosuchia]]
| Eosuchia
| [[Neodiaspida]]
| [[File:Hovasaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2274399|Q2274399]]
| [[Escalloniales]]
| Escalloniales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[campanulids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Escallonia macrantha.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2279424|Q2279424]]
| [[Guttiferales]]
| Guttiferales
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Thalamiflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
| [[File:Fruta de Habana.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2304326|Q2304326]]
| [[Parietales]]
| Parietales
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Thalamiflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:(MHNT) Geranium sanguineum - Flower and leaf - Les Martels, Giroussens Tarn.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2307653|Q2307653]]
| [[Microthyriales]]
| Microthyriales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Microthyrium gramineum 1312181.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2309550|Q2309550]]
| [[Cheilostomata]]
| Cheilostomata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref>
| [[Gymnolaemata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eurystomellabilabiata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2309617|Q2309617]]
| [[Sphingomonadales]]
| Sphingomonadales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sphingobium chlorophenolicum L1.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2311052|Q2311052]]
| [[Spirillinida]]
| Spirillinida
| [[Tubothalamea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2312069|Q2312069]]
| [[Spongomonadida]]
| Spongomonadida
| [[Silicofilosea]]
| [[File:Rhipidodendron splendidum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2314540|Q2314540]]
| [[Asioryctitheria]]
| Asioryctitheria
| [[Placentarios]]
| [[File:Asioryctes nemegtensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2319545|Q2319545]]
| [[Osmundales]]
| Osmundales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Osmunda regalis nf.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2319705|Q2319705]]
| [[Halichondrida]]
| Halichondrida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Demospongiae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sponge.noaa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2325800|Q2325800]]
| [[Orthocerida]]
| Orthocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
| [[File:Orthoceras BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2325801|Q2325801]]
| [[Centrospermae]]
| Centrospermae
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amaranthus crispus BB-1913.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2333121|Q2333121]]
| [[Nepenthales]]
| Nepenthales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Nepenthanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Caryophyllanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nepenthes ovata2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2334660|Q2334660]]
| [[Stauropteridales]]
| Stauropteridales
| [[Pteridophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2342793|Q2342793]]
| [[Spinulosida]]
| Spinulosida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e4d07856bacf3074afeadf174e5899cb73264a0585b33b7cb846612d51c9d300">''[[:d:Q29997700|A reassessment of the sea-star orders Valvatida and Spinulosida]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c33684dba0d1835c09cb47aa7c21dc218b8a5027956d146b583f507578fbdf6a">''[[:d:Q66412284|The marine fauna of New Zealand: Asteroidea (sea-stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida]]''</ref>
| [[Spinulosacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Zeester.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2344380|Q2344380]]
| [[Anthomedusae]]
| Anthomedusae
| [[Leptolinae]]
| [[File:Haeckel Anthomedusae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2344407|Q2344407]]
| [[Poecilostomatoida]]
| Poecilostomatoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[copepod]]
| [[File:Haeckel Copepoda Sapphirina darwinii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2344415|Q2344415]]
| [[Bromeliales]]
| Bromeliales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Zingiberidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Bromelianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bromelia humillis 20080901.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2363186|Q2363186]]
| [[Hydroida]]
| Hydroida
| [[Hydrozoa]]
| [[File:Haeckel Anthomedusae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2370701|Q2370701]]
| [[Geastrales]]
| Geastrales
| [[Phallomycetidae]]
| [[File:Geastrum triplex.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2376279|Q2376279]]
| [[Syntrophobacterales]]
| Syntrophobacterales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Syntrophobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2380967|Q2380967]]
| [[Arbacioida]]
| Arbacioida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Echinacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Arbacia lixula.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2389349|Q2389349]]
| [[Euglenales]]
| Euglenales
| [[Euglenophyceae]]
| [[File:Trachelomonas sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2395079|Q2395079]]
| [[Typhales]]
| Typhales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Typhanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Poanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Svendras001.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2403403|Q2403403]]
| [[Halicryptomorpha]]
| Halicryptomorpha
| [[Priapulida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2409274|Q2409274]]
| [[Thaumatomonadida]]
| Thaumatomonadida
| [[Silicofilosea]]
| [[File:Algen I. (Schizophyceen, Flagellaten, Peridineen) (1910) (17762314958).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2410167|Q2410167]]
| [[Cavibelonia]]
| Cavibelonia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pachytegmentaria]]
| [[File:Rhopalomenia aglaopheniae-1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2410715|Q2410715]]
| [[Phyllachorales]]
| Phyllachorales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
| [[File:Phyllachora pomigena.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2415127|Q2415127]]
| [[Selkirkiomorpha]]
| Selkirkiomorpha
| [[Priapulida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2416418|Q2416418]]
| [[Thecamoebida]]
| Thecamoebida<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref>
| [[Longamoebia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref><br/>[[Centramoebia]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Zellteilung Thekamöbe.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2423214|Q2423214]]
| [[Scrophulariales]]
| Scrophulariales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Asteridae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illustration Crocus vernus0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2424400|Q2424400]]
| [[Rhabdura]]
| Rhabdura<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Diplura]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Diplura.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2430829|Q2430829]]
| [[Glumaceae]]
| Glumaceae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
| [[File:370 Panicum miliaceum L.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2439812|Q2439812]]
| [[Spadiciflorae]]
| Spadiciflorae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aronbluete3683.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2443153|Q2443153]]
| [[Cycloneritimorpha]]
| Cycloneritimorpha
| [[Neritimorpha]]<br/>[[Neritopsina]]
| [[File:Nerita plicata 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2450405|Q2450405]]
| [[Gruinales]]
| Gruinales
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Erythroxylum coca - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-204.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2452647|Q2452647]]
| [[Trichocoleales]]
| Trichocoleales
| [[Jungermanniidae]]
| [[File:Trichocolea tomentella 130108.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2463087|Q2463087]]
| [[Confuciusornithiformes]]
| Confuciusornithiformes
| [[Pygostylia]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Eoconfuciusornis zhengi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2466563|Q2466563]]
| [[Epipolasida]]
| Epipolasida
| [[Tetractinomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2490505|Q2490505]]
| [[Dactylochirotida]]
| Dactylochirotida
| [[Dendrochirotacea]]
| [[File:Rhopalodina.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2492802|Q2492802]]
| [[Molpadiida]]
| Molpadida<ref name="ref_b43b3a9bf65ceeee7f336c58c6fb45851465d8d0557d1e2b4342129d91b30b4e">''[[:d:Q108699297|Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse-Alice et Hirondelle II (1898-1915)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3029277187966f86364b0bc2544a1c7cdf6ae5b0bdf3cd043c75cb6eed26e03e">''[[:d:Q56035144|The paracaudinid sea cucumbers of Australia and New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Molpadida: Caudinidae)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_9015352e83bd8343ff8c71c0c8dcad42eb44a959346650a70c258a8963f9b52e">''[[:d:Q91345754|Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_74e031573bdba5450912104f761e0cc4ad9c3599875851aee7a87f5e0f71800e">''[[:d:Q131405017|A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_23b80758ad1389c3f4fc571aa8731c18bcf8be1f285aad66f1fda148e11b60c7">''[[:d:Q97515613|A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Apodacea]]<br/>[[Holothuroidea]]
| [[File:Sweet Potato Sea Cucumber (Molpadia arenicola) 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2506423|Q2506423]]
| [[Archaeopulmonata]]
| Archaeopulmonata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gastropodos]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Carychium tridentatum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2519639|Q2519639]]
| [[Golfingiida]]
| Golfingiida
| [[Sipunculidea]]
| [[File:Golfingia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2524330|Q2524330]]
| [[coralline algae]]
| Corallinales
| [[Corallinophycidae]]
| [[File:Corallina elongata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2534329|Q2534329]]
| [[Callitrichales]]
| Callitrichales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Asteridae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Callitriche spp Sturm38.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2538910|Q2538910]]
| [[Boraginales]]
| Boraginales<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c897800e976629473a3c76e9817de559f8015d04bacc29b950be816b9d1f1a8b">''[[:d:Q28948146|Familial classification of the Boraginales]]''</ref>
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Echium vulgare 190605.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2542655|Q2542655]]
| [[Rhodopemorpha]]
| Rhodopemorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Gastropodos]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Helminthope psammobionta dorsal schematic.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2544965|Q2544965]]
| [[Polymorphida]]
| Polymorphida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Palaeacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:C wegeneri.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2546461|Q2546461]]
| [[Polytrichales]]
| Polytrichales
| [[Polytrichopsida]]
| [[File:LeafMoss0225.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2567014|Q2567014]]
| [[Lobosea]]
| Lobosea
| [[Lobosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2574497|Q2574497]]
| [[Cubomedusae]]
| Cubomedusae
| [[Cubozoa]]
| [[File:Irukandji-jellyfish-queensland-australia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2577942|Q2577942]]
| [[Lycopodiales]]
| Lycopodiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lycopodiopsida]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><br/>[[Lycopodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lycopodium annotinum1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2578322|Q2578322]]
| [[Umbelliflorae]]
| Umbelliflorae
| [[Dialypetaleae]]<br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Conium maculatum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-191.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2588755|Q2588755]]
| [[Tricoccae]]
| Tricoccae
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hevea brasiliensis - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-071.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2592664|Q2592664]]
| [[Ebenales]]
| Ebenales
| [[Dilleniidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Heteromerae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Diospyros lotus Bra36.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2596656|Q2596656]]
| [[Vestibuliferida]]
| Vestibuliferida
| [[Trichostomatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Isotricha intestinalis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2610298|Q2610298]]
| [[Atheliales]]
| Atheliales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Athelia neuhoffii - Lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2618487|Q2618487]]
| [[Rhynchobdellida]]
| Rhynchobdellida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Clitellata]]
| [[File:CystobranchusRespiransRutilusRutilus.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2621831|Q2621831]]
| [[Upupiformes]]
| Upupiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[ave]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Upupa epops 2 Luc Viatour.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2627561|Q2627561]]
| [[Synandrae]]
| Synandrae
| [[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lobelia cardinalis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2632283|Q2632283]]
| [[Scleroperalia]]
| Scleroperalia
| [[Bursovaginoidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2640994|Q2640994]]
| [[Alepocephaliformes]]
| Alepocephaliformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Alepocephali]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bathylaco nigricans.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2645464|Q2645464]]
| [[Pseudoborniales]]
| Pseudoborniales
| [[Equisetopsida]]
| [[File:Pseudobornia ursina.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2645684|Q2645684]]
| [[Mermithida]]
| Mermithida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Enoplia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mermis nigrescens on tettigonia viridissima beentree.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2663101|Q2663101]]
| [[Julida]]
| Julida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Juliformia]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tachypodoiulus niger 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2664614|Q2664614]]
| [[Geophilomorpha]]
| Geophilomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[Pleurostigmophora]]<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[File:Geophilus fg01.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2668398|Q2668398]]
| [[Olacales]]
| Olacales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Disciflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
| [[File:Olax imbricata Blanco2.311-cropped.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2687138|Q2687138]]
| [[Neoechinorhynchida]]
| Neoechinorhynchida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eoacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Parasite140083-fig1 Figs 1-7 Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) spiramuscularis.tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2695729|Q2695729]]
| [[Hydrocharitales]]
| Hydrocharitales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Alismatidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Alismatanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hydrocharis morsus ranae L ag1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2696900|Q2696900]]
| [[Hamamelidales]]
| Hamamelidales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Hamamelidanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Saxifraganae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hamamelis virginiana - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-070.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2697385|Q2697385]]
| [[Juglandales]]
| Juglandales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelididae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref><br/>[[Juglandanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Hamamelidanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Juglans regia - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-081.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2697797|Q2697797]]
| [[Taxales]]
| Taxales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pinopsida]]<br/>[[Taxidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cis001 kpjas.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2704173|Q2704173]]
| [[Trochodendrales]]
| Trochodendrales<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Eudicotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Trochodendron-aralioides-flowers.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2705106|Q2705106]]
| [[Chaetophorales]]
| Chaetophorales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
| [[File:Stigeoclonium sp zugespitzte seitenzweige.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2705562|Q2705562]]
| [[Gnetales]]
| Gnetales<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Coniferopsida]]<br/>[[Gymnospermae]]<br/>[[Gnetophyta]]<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Gnetopsida]]
| [[File:Gnetum gnemon BotGardBln1105C.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3816293|Q3816293]]
| [[Bacteroidales]]
| Bacteroidales<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Bacteroidia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bacteroides biacutis 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3819952|Q3819952]]
| [[Gordioidea]]
| Gordioidea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Nematomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paragordius tricuspidatus.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3869074|Q3869074]]
| [[Mycoplasmatales]]
| Mycoplasmatales
| [[Mollicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mycopl.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3870511|Q3870511]]
| [[Nassellaria]]
| Nassellaria
| [[Polycystinea]]
| [[File:Mikrofoto.de-Radiolarien-3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3873278|Q3873278]]
| [[Natranaerobiales]]
| Natranaerobiales<ref name="ref_53e39bb97d0c22e2204f8178fb93e736bec9977a76c432a159ade711dad23bf3">''[[:d:Q31135107|Natranaerobius thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic, alkalithermophilic bacterium from soda lakes of the Wadi An Natrun, Egypt, and proposal of Natranaerobiaceae fam. nov. and Natranaerobiales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3877690|Q3877690]]
| [[Noeggerathiales]]
| Noeggerathiales
| [[Progymnosperm]]
| [[File:Noeggerathia expansa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3882417|Q3882417]]
| [[Oncocerida]]
| Oncocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
| [[File:Gomphoceras characters.PNG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3889294|Q3889294]]
| [[Palaeanodonta]]
| Palaeanodonta<ref name="ref_c256cee71ddd787c9ec4345dcd56e8263c6f63b60ccba90c1dd0f4493c4d1652">https://archive.org/details/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-38-565-657/page/620</ref>
| [[Pholidotamorpha]]
| [[File:Palaeanodonta 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3899690|Q3899690]]
| [[Percopsiformes]]
| Percopsiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Paracanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amblyopsis rosae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3906621|Q3906621]]
| [[Plectronocerida]]
| Plectronocerida
| [[Plectronoceratoidea]]
| [[File:Plectronoceras cambria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3907757|Q3907757]]
| [[Polymixiiformes]]
| Polymixiiformes<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Polymixia nobilis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3912920|Q3912920]]
| [[Priapulimorphida]]
| Priapulimorphida
| [[Priapulimorpha]]
| [[File:Priapulus caudatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3918541|Q3918541]]
| [[Amphinomida]]
| Amphinomida
| [[Polychaeta]]
| [[File:Notopygos caribea holotype ZooKeys-223-069-g005-top.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3922864|Q3922864]]
| [[Prolecanitida]]
| Prolecanitida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3924915|Q3924915]]
| [[Pseudopetalichthyida]]
| Pseudopetalichthyida
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Pseudopetalichthys problematica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3934109|Q3934109]]
| [[Rhizodontiformes]]
| Rhizodontiformes
| [[Rhizodontida]]
| [[File:Sauripteris taylori.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3967296|Q3967296]]
| [[Spumellaria]]
| Spumellaria
| [[Polycystinea]]
| [[File:Haeckel Spumellaria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3981158|Q3981158]]
| [[Tarphycerida]]
| Tarphycerida
| [[Multiceratoidea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Estonioceras decheni 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4002588|Q4002588]]
| [[Actinulida]]
| Actinulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Trachylinae]]
| [[File:Lasse01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4010085|Q4010085]]
| [[Verongiida]]
| Verongiida<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[Verongimorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aplysina archeri (Stove-pipe Sponge-pink variation).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4022247|Q4022247]]
| [[Nectiopoda]]
| Nectiopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Remipedia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Speleonectes tanumekes unlabeled.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4037243|Q4037243]]
| [[Desmodorida]]
| Desmodorida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Chromadoria]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4037244|Q4037244]]
| [[Desmoscolecida]]
| Desmoscolecida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Chromadoria]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4037382|Q4037382]]
| [[Dioctophymatida]]
| Dioctophymatida
| [[Enoplea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4040884|Q4040884]]
| [[Hypoperlida]]
| Hypoperlida
| [[Neoptera]]<br/>[[Clareocercaria]]<ref name="ref_12d8242f541e593f9344feec40c683610d38c47d96be32b3f2ebb4e3e83a1c5d">''[[:d:Q38367978|Redefining the extinct orders Miomoptera and Hypoperlida as stem acercarian insects]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hypoperlida fossils.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4043718|Q4043718]]
| [[Marimermithida]]
| Marimermithida
| [[Enoplia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4044103|Q4044103]]
| [[Methanocellales]]
| Methanocellales
| [[Methanosarcinia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4044107|Q4044107]]
| [[Methanococcales]]
| Methanococcales
| [[Methanococci]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4044130|Q4044130]]
| [[Methanomicrobiales]]
| Methanomicrobiales
| [[Methanomicrobia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4044143|Q4044143]]
| [[Methanosarcinales]]
| Methanosarcinales
| [[Methanosarcinia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Methanosarcina barkeri fusaro.gif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4045034|Q4045034]]
| [[Nakridletia]]
| Nakridletia
| [[Endopterygota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4046435|Q4046435]]
| [[Glumiflorae]]
| Glumiflorae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pennisetum villosum 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4047049|Q4047049]]
| [[Platydesmida]]
| Platydesmida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Colobognatha]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Brachycybe lecontii (Platydesmida) millipede (3680001399).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4047470|Q4047470]]
| [[Protelytroptera]]
| Protelytroptera<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[Dermapterida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4051744|Q4051744]]
| [[Trichocephalida]]
| Trichocephalida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Dorylaimia]]
| [[File:Trichosomoides crassicauda drawing in Hall 1916.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4072257|Q4072257]]
| [[Atrypida]]
| Atrypida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
| [[File:Atrypa.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4129502|Q4129502]]
| [[Araeolaimida]]
| Araeolaimida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Chromadoria]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4129904|Q4129904]]
| [[Arthrotardigrada]]
| Arthrotardigrada<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
| [[Heterotardigrada]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
| [[File:USNM 1616673 - Florarctus (cropped).jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4132489|Q4132489]]
| [[Mononchida]]
| Mononchida
| [[Adenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4135179|Q4135179]]
| [[Haemospororida]]
| Haemospororida
| [[Aconoidasida]]
| [[File:Plasmodium vivax 01.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4135194|Q4135194]]
| [[Triblidiales]]
| Triblidiales
| [[Pezizomycotina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4135955|Q4135955]]
| [[Geraridea]]
| Geraridea
| [[Pterygota]]
| [[File:Gerarus collaris 1er Congrès international d'entomologie, Bruxelles, 1-6 août, 1910 (1911-12) (16477916279).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4139046|Q4139046]]
| [[Hyphomycetales]]
| Hyphomycetales
| [[Hyphomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4140318|Q4140318]]
| [[Lyssacinosida]]
| Lyssacinosida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Hexasterophora]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Venus Flower Basket.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4142897|Q4142897]]
| [[Hexactinosida]]
| Hexactinosida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Hexasterophora]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cribrospongia clathrata 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4143365|Q4143365]]
| [[Lychniscosida]]
| Lychniscosida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Hexasterophora]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4148273|Q4148273]]
| [[Fieldingida]]
| Fieldingida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Hexasterophora]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4168545|Q4168545]]
| [[Cystoporida]]
| Cystoporida
| [[Stenolaemata]]
| [[File:Sulcoretepora deissi - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC07728.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4170502|Q4170502]]
| [[Cryptostomida]]
| Cryptostomida
| [[Stenolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4175985|Q4175985]]
| [[Flosculariaceae]]
| Flosculariaceae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eurotatoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4178975|Q4178975]]
| [[Collothecacea]]
| Collothecacea
| [[Eurotatoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4187312|Q4187312]]
| [[Fenestrida]]
| Fenestrida
| [[Stenolaemata]]
| [[File:Fenestella from Couvin Belgium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4193710|Q4193710]]
| [[Ctenostomatida]]
| Ctenostomatida
| [[Gymnolaemata]]
| [[File:Alcyonidium gelatinosum 0001.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4300405|Q4300405]]
| [[Callipodida]]
| Callipodida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Nematophora]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tetracion jonesi 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4300743|Q4300743]]
| [[Chordeumatida]]
| Chordeumatida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Diplopoda]]<br/>[[Nematophora]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chordeumatida New Zealand.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4303297|Q4303297]]
| [[Pygophora]]
| Pygophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Maxillopoda]]<br/>[[Acrothoracica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4309075|Q4309075]]
| [[Porocephalida]]
| Porocephalida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pentastomida]]
| [[File:Porocephalus crotali.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4344585|Q4344585]]
| [[Paoliida]]
| Paoliida
| [[Neoptera]]<br/>[[Polyneoptera]]<ref name="ref_0f99a492d7288fb6da109e1ad4dd9c05d3c22d83666fc45a2e73c3918e30b90f">''[[:d:Q59387388|Late Palaeozoic Paoliida is the sister group of Dictyoptera (Insecta: Neoptera)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paoliida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4358594|Q4358594]]
| [[Chytridiales]]
| Chytridiales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[File:Synchytridium endobioticum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4389641|Q4389641]]
| [[Heterocyemida]]
| Heterocyemida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhombozoa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4394614|Q4394614]]
| [[Rhizophydiales]]
| Rhizophydiales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_46c03d8ad233a85afe83c0d00f4cde864d4c4bdf5b89b51e4f2c0163d1ccae45">''[[:d:Q28258797|Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic delineation of a new order, the Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota)]]''</ref>
| [[Rhizophydiomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[File:WJD126 on agar.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4416540|Q4416540]]
| [[Septobasidiales]]
| Septobasidiales
| [[Pucciniomycetes]]
| [[File:Septobasidium pseudopedicellatum Burt.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4458210|Q4458210]]
| [[Titanoptera]]
| Titanoptera
| [[Polyneoptera]]<br/>[[Panorthoptera]]<ref name="ref_c8dae2d19519e7ebc19b71e5f14220b6a8ef8aebfd931f8c6322beb01fed68bc">''[[:d:Q28938232|Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov.]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gigatitan vulgaris.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4499108|Q4499108]]
| [[Naviculales]]
| Naviculales
| [[Bacillariophycanae]]
| [[File:Navicula oblonga 115647672.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4614869|Q4614869]]
| [[Contortae]]
| Contortae
| [[Sympetalae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Plumeria-1-KayEss-1.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4670447|Q4670447]]
| [[Acholeplasmatales]]
| Acholeplasmatales
| [[Mollicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4672008|Q4672008]]
| [[Acanthophractida]]
| Acanthophractida
| [[Acantharia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4673905|Q4673905]]
| [[Achromatorida]]
| Achromatorida
| [[Haemosporidiasina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4674492|Q4674492]]
| [[Aconchulinida]]
| Aconchulinida
| [[Proteomyxidea]]
| [[File:Vampyrella lateritia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4688535|Q4688535]]
| [[Aeschronectida]]
| Aeschronectida
| [[Hoplocarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4691177|Q4691177]]
| [[Agamococcidiorida]]
| Agamococcidiorida<ref name="ref_d21cbeb4111220f92550bb287e895d65026ac8a14842137a8c6865e685ddbfd6">''[[:d:Q60363006|Agamococcidiorida ord. n. and Rhytidocystidae fam. n. for the Coccidian Genus Rhytidocystis Henneguy, 1907]]''</ref>
| [[Coccidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4716179|Q4716179]]
| [[Alepisauriformes]]
| Alepisauriformes
| [[Teleostei]]
| [[File:Synodus intermedius.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4748249|Q4748249]]
| [[Amphidiscosa]]
| Amphidiscosa<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Amphidiscophora]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Purple Cup Sponges.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4770223|Q4770223]]
| [[Trichosida]]
| Trichosida<ref name="ref_f51f9c133ba1404def0c26a609568b5f4f7d20c1d1c61aa7aa7cc1517e8f1a75">''[[:d:Q109882701|Bruchstücke einer Rhizopodenfauna der Kieler Bucht]]''</ref>
| [[Lobosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4782334|Q4782334]]
| [[Apusomonadida]]
| Apusomonadida<ref name="ref_c2d88d42efd797a8374f595c656de996fefd1d080e60a773c1f2ee52e47afc81">''[[:d:Q109995956|Biology and ultrastructure of colorless flagellates Apuromonadida ord. n.]]''</ref>
| [[Thecomonadea]]
| [[File:Apusomonas.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4785362|Q4785362]]
| [[Archaeoglobales]]
| Archaeoglobales
| [[Archaeoglobi]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:40793 2015 2030327 Fig2.webp|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4786846|Q4786846]]
| [[Archigregarinorida]]
| Archigregarinorida<ref name="ref_01b02c448de67f8c4dba767ce1863e9147b1a55392ef0bd2407b736adafd0bfd">''[[:d:Q109353526|Protozoaires : Rhizopodes, Actinopodes, Sporozoaires, Cnidosporidies]]''</ref>
| [[Gregarinasina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4786993|Q4786993]]
| [[Architectibranchia]]
| Architectibranchia
| [[Opisthobranchia]]
| [[File:Acteonella gigantea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4797630|Q4797630]]
| [[Arthracanthida]]
| Arthracanthida
| [[Acantharia]]
| [[File:Radiolaria (Challenger) Plate 130.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4808082|Q4808082]]
| [[Aspiraculata]]
| Aspiraculata<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[Sorberacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4810926|Q4810926]]
| [[Astomatida]]
| Astomatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Astomatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4815733|Q4815733]]
| [[Athyridida]]
| Athyridida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
| [[File:Uncitidae - Uncites gryphus.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4868172|Q4868172]]
| [[Basslerocerida]]
| Basslerocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4889790|Q4889790]]
| [[Benneviaspidida]]
| Benneviaspidida
| [[Osteostraci]]
| [[File:Boreaspis.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4893793|Q4893793]]
| [[Protodiptera]]
| Protodiptera
| [[Mecoptera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4897078|Q4897078]]
| [[Bestiae]]
| Bestiae<ref name="ref_5bdbf8eee19b105ff04d66d13ee4f654eec1e2e0dd7692808ebb15629415fb16">''[[:d:Q21608408|Systema Naturae. 10th edition, Volume 1]]''</ref>
| [[Theriiformes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4925531|Q4925531]]
| [[Blattoptera]]
| Blattoptera
| [[insecto]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4934578|Q4934578]]
| [[Bobasatraniiformes]]
| Bobasatraniiformes
| [[Osteichthyes]]
| [[File:Bobasatrania.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4936724|Q4936724]]
| [[Bodonida]]
| Bodonida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Metakinetoplastina]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bodo saltans - 400x (13895749563).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4939378|Q4939378]]
| [[Boletzkyida]]
| Boletzkyida
| [[Palaeoteuthomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4950171|Q4950171]]
| [[Bourgueticrinida]]
| Bourgueticrinida
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Haeckel Crinoidea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4961607|Q4961607]]
| [[Graptoloidea]]
| Graptoloidea
| [[Graptolithina]]
| [[File:Graptoliitargilliit.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4982410|Q4982410]]
| [[Microbotryales]]
| Microbotryales
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
| [[File:Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae on Red Campion - Silene dioica (30012536987).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4991587|Q4991587]]
| [[Neorhabdocoela]]
| Neorhabdocoela<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Turbellarios|Turbellaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4995524|Q4995524]]
| [[Helobiae]]
| Helobiae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_e0b845b20d33dc4b553bc73285ce7e0af838cbb399719d6b24af5734aaa4abdf">''[[:d:Q14823899|Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik]]''</ref><ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:AlismaPlant1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5018126|Q5018126]]
| [[Azygiida]]
| Azygiida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Digenea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5018227|Q5018227]]
| [[Proseriata]]
| Proseriata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhabditophora]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Parotoplana renatae.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5035193|Q5035193]]
| [[Strigeata]]
| Strigeata
| [[Trematoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5047380|Q5047380]]
| [[Mazocraeidea]]
| Mazocraeidea
| [[Polyopisthocotylea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Heteromicrocotyloides megaspinosus Body.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5047736|Q5047736]]
| [[Caryophyllidea]]
| Caryophyllidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
| [[File:03 Caryophyllidea.tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5058787|Q5058787]]
| [[Cenarchaeales]]
| Cenarchaeales
| [[Nitrososphaeria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5063285|Q5063285]]
| [[Cephalodiscida]]
| Cephalodiscida
| [[Pterobranchia]]
| [[File:Cephalodiscus dodecalophus McIntosh.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5063598|Q5063598]]
| [[Ceraceosorales]]
| Ceraceosorales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5066683|Q5066683]]
| [[Chaetopeltidales]]
| Chaetopeltidales<ref name="ref_23894194af27f36f8eac6e8532b4d493427773e95c5eef0f044efab4ea2d3f54">''[[:d:Q110444808|Ultrastructure and phylogenetic relationships of Chaetopeltidales ord. nov. (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
| [[File:Chaetopeltis orbicularis in Berthold 1878.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5090001|Q5090001]]
| [[Cheloniellida]]
| Cheloniellida
| [[Vicissicaudata]]<ref name="ref_176e52aedf8ba2b919cfd14ec073e5d6e0a8bf102769e9acaf6acc3e0ed71557">''[[:d:Q56430757|The phylogeny of aglaspidid arthropods and the internal relationships within Artiopoda]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fa22ac1efe899ab0b30e4c6ba5da69d7987e9aae106f8fbf53f391b976b105e8">''[[:d:Q41327881|The Vicissicaudata revisited - insights from a new aglaspidid arthropod with caudal appendages from the Furongian of China]]''</ref>
| [[File:20200415 Cheloniellon calmani.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5100442|Q5100442]]
| [[Enchytraeida]]
| Enchytraeida
| [[Clitellata]]
| [[File:Enchytraeus albidus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5102273|Q5102273]]
| [[Chitonida]]
| Chitonida
| [[Neoloricata]]
| [[File:Cryptoconchus porosus (butterfly chiton).JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5102716|Q5102716]]
| [[Chlamydiales]]
| Chlamydiales
| [[Chlamydiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:ChlamydiaTrachomatisEinschlusskörperchen.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5103175|Q5103175]]
| [[Chlorosarcinales]]
| Chlorosarcinales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5104710|Q5104710]]
| [[Chonotrichida]]
| Chonotrichida
| [[Hypostomata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5113752|Q5113752]]
| [[Chromatorida]]
| Chromatorida
| [[Aconoidasida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5113933|Q5113933]]
| [[Chromulinales]]
| Chromulinales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
| [[File:Alger, Botydium granulatum, Nordisk familjebok.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5114940|Q5114940]]
| [[Chrysosphaerales]]
| Chrysosphaerales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5122184|Q5122184]]
| [[Leptothecata]]
| Leptothecata
| [[Hydroidolina]]
| [[File:Aequorea2.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5147886|Q5147886]]
| [[Saccharomycetales]]
| Saccharomycetales
| [[Saccharomycetes]]
| [[File:S cerevisiae under DIC microscopy.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5149302|Q5149302]]
| [[Colpodellida]]
| Colpodellida<ref name="ref_6a3224ed9e9612f3b161f90deafb215ffecae36153e66735b907fd7bacda7748">''[[:d:Q24634634|Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla]]''</ref>
| [[Alveolata]]
| [[File:Colpodella vorax.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154131|Q5154131]]
| [[Crassiclitellata]]
| Crassiclitellata
| [[Clitellata]]<br/>[[Opisthopora]]
| [[File:Earthworm 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5161023|Q5161023]]
| [[Conica]]
| Conica
| [[Hydrozoa]]<br/>[[Leptothecata]]<ref name="ref_e5a81d1b48ca66c3c8f61aa87f1b82d0fb0b5e1bac384261d084c21d921f2dea">''[[:d:Q2745977|Fauna Europaea]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aequorea coerulescens1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5171922|Q5171922]]
| [[Cornulitida]]
| Cornulitida
| [[Tentaculata]]
| [[File:CornulitidOrdovician.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5190992|Q5190992]]
| [[Cryptomonadales]]
| Cryptomonadales
| [[Cryptophyceae]]
| [[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 6743 SEM Cryptophyte.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5191006|Q5191006]]
| [[Cryptonemiales]]
| Cryptonemiales
| [[Florideae]]<br/>[[Rhodophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5191068|Q5191068]]
| [[Cryptostomata]]
| Cryptostomata
| [[Gymnolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5191645|Q5191645]]
| [[Ctenocladales]]
| Ctenocladales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5191729|Q5191729]]
| [[Ctenostomata]]
| Ctenostomata<ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref>
| [[Gymnolaemata]]<ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ropalonaria large 010213.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5198245|Q5198245]]
| [[Cyclida]]
| Cyclida
| [[Branchiura]]
| [[File:Cyclus americanus 34.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5199428|Q5199428]]
| [[Cymbellales]]
| Cymbellales
| [[Bacillariophycidae]]
| [[File:Cymbella.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5201030|Q5201030]]
| [[Cyrtonellida]]
| Cyrtonellida
| [[Tergomya]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5201031|Q5201031]]
| [[Cyrtoneritimorpha]]
| Cyrtoneritida
| [[Neritopsina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5207801|Q5207801]]
| [[Dactylopteriformes]]
| Dactylopteriformes
| [[Percomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5221204|Q5221204]]
| [[Tertiates]]
| Tertiates
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[File:Mammiferes.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5259140|Q5259140]]
| [[Dennstaedtiales]]
| Dennstaedtiales
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
| [[File:Starr 041221-1891 Microlepia strigosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5262729|Q5262729]]
| [[Dermocystida]]
| Dermocystida<ref name="ref_c033a9e634a29b6e57249cffd6636bd260a569be6db02d176f2e0abb8e439574">''[[:d:Q109996913|Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi]]''</ref>
| [[Ichthyosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5270652|Q5270652]]
| [[Triplonchida]]
| Triplonchida
| [[Adenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5274016|Q5274016]]
| [[Dictyosiphonales]]
| Dictyosiphonales
| [[Phaeophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5282776|Q5282776]]
| [[Dissidocerida]]
| Dissidocerida
| [[Orthoceratoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5290058|Q5290058]]
| [[Chimaeriformes]]
| Chimaeriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Holocephali]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hydrolagus colliei.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5291566|Q5291566]]
| [[Equisetales]]
| Equisetales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiopsida]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref>
| [[File:Equisetum fluviatile Oulu, Finland 01.06.2013.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5332313|Q5332313]]
| [[Eccrinales]]
| Eccrinales
| [[Trichomycetes]]
| [[File:Amoebidiales (10.3897-mycokeys.67.52055) Figure 26.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5332473|Q5332473]]
| [[Echinocystitoida]]
| Echinocystitoida
| [[Perischoechinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5357568|Q5357568]]
| [[Sphaeropleales]]
| Sphaeropleales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
| [[File:British fresh-water algae, exclusive of Desmidieae and Diatomaceae (1882-1884) (20424304451).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5361282|Q5361282]]
| [[Bifidobacteriales]]
| Bifidobacteriales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bifidobacterium adolescentis Gram.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5375292|Q5375292]]
| [[Encalyptales]]
| Encalyptales
| [[Funariidae]]
| [[File:Encalypta vulgaris (c, 153151-482334) 3332.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5409856|Q5409856]]
| [[Euonychophora]]
| Euonychophora
| [[Udeonychophora]]
| [[File:Eoperipatus totoro.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5455225|Q5455225]]
| [[Fissidentales]]
| Fissidentales
| [[Bryopsida]]
| [[File:Fissidens cristatus0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5458148|Q5458148]]
| [[Flavobacteriales]]
| Flavobacteriales<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Bacteroidia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bergeyella zoohelcum 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5460846|Q5460846]]
| [[Florenciellales]]
| Florenciellales
| [[Dictyochophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5571905|Q5571905]]
| [[Glosselytrodea]]
| Glosselytrodea
| [[insecto]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5623940|Q5623940]]
| [[Gyalectales]]
| Gyalectales
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Gyalecta jenensis, Apothecien.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5643349|Q5643349]]
| [[Halobacteriales]]
| Halobacteriales
| [[Halobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Halobacteria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5655961|Q5655961]]
| [[Acanthoecida]]
| Acanthoecida<ref name="ref_34bc0fc69a97bf32d851c4d078a9fedc41953d88ade5871200aaf529fc6f017e">''[[:d:Q62085705|Amoeboflagellates and mitochondrial cristae in eukaryote evolution: megasystematics of the new protozoan subkingdoms Eozoa and Neozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Choanoflagellatea]]
| [[File:Diaphanoeca x100 phase.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5655970|Q5655970]]
| [[Acanthopodida]]
| Acanthopodida<ref name="ref_d90a54f5b429095b0c6971e19146eb4158d6cbb3b9bae1bef0821a57c05ad9b7">''[[:d:Q109918225|An illustrated key to freshwater and soil amoebae]]''</ref>
| [[Gymnamoebia]]<br/>[[Centramoebia]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5696912|Q5696912]]
| [[Anthocerotales]]
| Anthocerotales
| [[Anthocerotidae]]
| [[File:Anthoceros agrestis 060910d.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5701568|Q5701568]]
| [[Helcionellid]]
| Helcionelliformes
| [[Archaeobranchia]]
| [[File:Latouchella costata.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5705752|Q5705752]]
| [[Heliomonadida]]
| Heliomonadida
| [[Granofilosea]]
| [[File:Algen I. (Schizophyceen, Flagellaten, Peridineen) (1910) (17950796051).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5747196|Q5747196]]
| [[Heterogastridiales]]
| Heterogastridiales<ref name="ref_2df8dece4abad44561a7f64447c4ddcf31746a828b52a82a192321dfd8b2d82c">''[[:d:Q99886899|Heterogastridiales: A New Order of Basidiomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5766992|Q5766992]]
| [[Choanoflagellida]]
| Choanoflagellida
| [[Choanoflagellatea]]
| [[File:Cronoflagelado2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5768626|Q5768626]]
| [[Chytriodiniales]]
| Chytriodiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5789310|Q5789310]]
| [[Thoracosphaerales]]
| Thoracosphaerales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Thoracosphaera-heimi2 hg.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5794838|Q5794838]]
| [[Cupressales]]
| Cupressales<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pinidae]]<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Taxus baccata MHNT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5799721|Q5799721]]
| [[Davalliales]]
| Davalliales
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
| [[File:Davallia bullata 2 ies.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5804281|Q5804281]]
| [[Desmocapsales]]
| Desmocapsales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5807308|Q5807308]]
| [[Dinamoebales]]
| Dinamoebales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5807451|Q5807451]]
| [[Dinocloniales]]
| Dinocloniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5807459|Q5807459]]
| [[Dinophysiales]]
| Dinophysiales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Dinophysis acuminata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5807486|Q5807486]]
| [[Dinotrichales]]
| Dinotrichales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5882696|Q5882696]]
| [[Gonyaulacales]]
| Gonyaulacales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Ceratium furca.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5890243|Q5890243]]
| [[Gymnodiniales]]
| Gymnodiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Karenia brevis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5903782|Q5903782]]
| [[Hormogonales]]
| Hormogonales
| [[Cyanobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5934749|Q5934749]]
| [[Paleoloricata]]
| Paleoloricata
| [[Polyplacophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5957091|Q5957091]]
| [[Hyolithida]]
| Hyolithida
| [[Hyolitha]]
| [[File:Hyoliths02.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5962356|Q5962356]]
| [[Hysteriales]]
| Hysteriales
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
| [[File:2014-03-15 Hysterium pulicare Pers. - Fr 556475.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5986427|Q5986427]]
| [[Ichthyophonida]]
| Ichthyophonida
| [[Ichthyosporea]]
| [[File:Creolimax fragrantissima.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6034931|Q6034931]]
| [[Enterobacterales]]
| Enterobacterales<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Citrobacter freundii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6067622|Q6067622]]
| [[Pavlovales]]
| Pavlovales<ref name="ref_d54ce69531a3e798c038d81d9e367eb63ef2bca68d191b33b542e09022010cf5">''[[:d:Q110221186|Notes on the flagellar apparatus and taxonomy of Pavlova mesolychnon Van der Veer, and on the status of Pavlova Butcher and related genera within the Haptophyceae]]''</ref>
| [[Pavlovophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6074759|Q6074759]]
| [[Phytodinales]]
| Phytodinales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Duel life stages.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6090614|Q6090614]]
| [[Ptychodiscales]]
| Ptychodiscales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6101142|Q6101142]]
| [[Ixorheorida]]
| Ixorheorida<ref name="ref_433b66c9b4dc02a72a151247100a70f2133dddb3c14b028431f254c2f11b39ce">''[[:d:Q99669219|Nomenclatural Corrections and New Taxa in the Apicomplexan Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Coccidiasina]]<ref name="ref_433b66c9b4dc02a72a151247100a70f2133dddb3c14b028431f254c2f11b39ce">''[[:d:Q99669219|Nomenclatural Corrections and New Taxa in the Apicomplexan Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6123295|Q6123295]]
| [[Jahnulales]]
| Jahnulales<ref name="ref_373e961078d233c6ec393ef75a1f2f67796db04925e0953ec04b7e927ba2fac0">''[[:d:Q54552092|Jahnulales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota): a new order of lignicolous freshwater ascomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Pleosporomycetidae]]
| [[File:Jahnula purpurea (10.3897-mycokeys.9.4440) Figure 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6145848|Q6145848]]
| [[Thermotogales]]
| Thermotogales
| [[Thermotogae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Thermotoga sketch.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6241223|Q6241223]]
| [[Erinaceomorpha]]
| Erinaceomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a0883dc87b69d75612e06ca4260f7a3bdcb0e63c3cdb2e8cfbc4a8348f7145f5">''[[:d:Q19604469|A Guide to the Mammals of China]]''</ref>
| [[Laurasiatheria]]<br/>[[Placentarios]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Insectivora]]
| [[File:Seba herisson.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6449719|Q6449719]]
| [[Polyxenida]]
| Polyxenida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Penicillata]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Polyxenus.lagurus.1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6452293|Q6452293]]
| [[Siphonophorida]]
| Siphonophorida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Colobognatha]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Female Illacme plenipes (MIL0020) with 618 legs - ZooKeys-241-077-SP-6-left.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6452523|Q6452523]]
| [[Bryopsidales]]
| Bryopsidales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bryopsis plumosa herbarium item.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6453302|Q6453302]]
| [[Polyzoniida]]
| Polyzoniida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Colobognatha]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Octoglena bivirgata Santa Cruz county.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6467359|Q6467359]]
| [[Laboulbeniales]]
| Laboulbeniales
| [[Laboulbeniomycetes]]
| [[File:Harmonia.axyridis.with.Laboulbeniales.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6496983|Q6496983]]
| [[Rajiformes]]
| Rajiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Batoidea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[elasmobranchio]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leucoraja erinacea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6502027|Q6502027]]
| [[Tetramerocerata]]
| Tetramerocerata<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[Pauropoda]]<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6507823|Q6507823]]
| [[Scutigeromorpha]]
| Scutigeromorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[Notostigmophora]]<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[File:Scutigera coleoptrata.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6511474|Q6511474]]
| [[Lecanicephaloidea]]
| Lecanicephaloidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6527251|Q6527251]]
| [[Leotiales]]
| Leotiales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
| [[File:Leotia viscosa 15412.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6528185|Q6528185]]
| [[Leptomitales]]
| Leptomitales
| [[Oomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6534012|Q6534012]]
| [[Leucettida]]
| Leucettida
| [[Calcinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6534425|Q6534425]]
| [[Amphidiscosida]]
| Amphidiscosida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Amphidiscophora]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pheronema carpenteri - Naturmuseum Senckenberg - DSC02149.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6543292|Q6543292]]
| [[Lichinales]]
| Lichinales
| [[Lichinomycetes]]
| [[File:Lichina pygmaea Î aux Vaches 2008-11-26.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6545850|Q6545850]]
| [[Ligamenvirales]]
| Ligamenvirales<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Virus]]<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><br/>[[Tokiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Betalipothrixvirus virion.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6549373|Q6549373]]
| [[Akentrogonida]]
| Akentrogonida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rhizocephala]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6554014|Q6554014]]
| [[Cephalobaenida]]
| Cephalobaenida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Pentastomida]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6555979|Q6555979]]
| [[Dendrogastrida]]
| Dendrogastrida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ascothoracida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6566609|Q6566609]]
| [[Kentrogonida]]
| Kentrogonida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Maxillopoda]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haeckel Sacculina.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6566619|Q6566619]]
| [[Laurida]]
| Laurida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ascothoracida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6584653|Q6584653]]
| [[Didelphimorphia]]
| Didelphimorphia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref><br/>[[Ameridelphia]]
| [[File:Marmosops incanus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6653366|Q6653366]]
| [[Lituitida]]
| Lituitida
| [[Nautiloid]]
| [[File:Lituites lituus - Naturmuseum Senckenberg - DSC02241.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6725643|Q6725643]]
| [[Macrosemiiformes]]
| Macrosemiiformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]<br/>[[Holostei]]
| [[File:Ophiopsiella procera.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6811546|Q6811546]]
| [[Melanosporales]]
| Melanosporales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6812146|Q6812146]]
| [[Hymenomycete]]
| Hymenomycetales
| [[Basidiomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6823597|Q6823597]]
| [[Methanopyrales]]
| Methanopyrales
| [[Methanopyri]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6839384|Q6839384]]
| [[Microconchida]]
| Microconchida
| [[Tentaculita]]
| [[File:MicroconchidDevonianPotterFarm082111.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6840309|Q6840309]]
| [[Microspermae]]
| Microspermae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Convallaria-oliv-r2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6901978|Q6901978]]
| [[Monostilifera]]
| Monostilifera
| [[Hoplonemertea]]
| [[File:Terrestrial ribbon worm.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6992927|Q6992927]]
| [[Neogregarinorida]]
| Neogregarinorida<ref name="ref_01b02c448de67f8c4dba767ce1863e9147b1a55392ef0bd2407b736adafd0bfd">''[[:d:Q109353526|Protozoaires : Rhizopodes, Actinopodes, Sporozoaires, Cnidosporidies]]''</ref>
| [[Gregarinasina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7041510|Q7041510]]
| [[Nitrosopumilales]]
| Nitrosopumilales
| [[Nitrososphaeria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7062996|Q7062996]]
| [[Selaginellales]]
| Selaginellales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lycopodiopsida]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><br/>[[Isoetopsida]]<br/>[[Selaginellidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Selaginella flabellata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7075263|Q7075263]]
| [[Obolellida]]
| Obolellida
| [[Obolellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7077157|Q7077157]]
| [[Oculosida]]
| Oculosida
| [[Radiolaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7078006|Q7078006]]
| [[Odontopleurida]]
| Odontopleurida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[File:Radiaspis sp., Middle Devonian, El Otfal Formation, Morocco - Houston Museum of Natural Science - DSC01607.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7078015|Q7078015]]
| [[Odontostomatida]]
| Odontostomatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Heterotrichea]]<br/>[[Plagiopylea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7086849|Q7086849]]
| [[Oligopygoida]]
| Oligopygoida
| [[Irregularia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7088769|Q7088769]]
| [[Oltmansiellopsidales]]
| Oltmansiellopsidales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7092024|Q7092024]]
| [[Oncholaimida]]
| Oncholaimida
| [[Enoplia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7104939|Q7104939]]
| [[Orthothecida]]
| Orthothecida
| [[Hyolitha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7128424|Q7128424]]
| [[Palmophyllales]]
| Palmophyllales<ref name="ref_de81c9a0ddca4c831468cb7e860b98f443ccb579e088638c6c0719ff80bbdbab">''[[:d:Q56461917|AN UNRECOGNIZED ANCIENT LINEAGE OF GREEN PLANTS PERSISTS IN DEEP MARINE WATERS1]]''</ref>
| [[Palmophyllophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7144165|Q7144165]]
| [[Patagopterygiformes]]
| Patagopterygiformes
| [[Ornithuromorpha]]
| [[File:Patagopteryx skeleton.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7159272|Q7159272]]
| [[Pedinellales]]
| Pedinellales
| [[Actinochrysia]]
| [[File:Algen I. (Schizophyceen, Flagellaten, Peridineen) (1910) (17950796051).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7159277|Q7159277]]
| [[Pedinoida]]
| Pedinoida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Diadematacea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Diademopsis crinifera.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7161156|Q7161156]]
| [[Pelagiellida]]
| Pelagiellida
| [[Monoplacophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7161767|Q7161767]]
| [[Peltopleuriformes]]
| Peltopleuriformes
| [[Neopterygii]]
| [[File:Italopterus magnificus 3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7162878|Q7162878]]
| [[Peniculid]]
| Peniculida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligohymenophorea]]<br/>[[Peniculia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paramecium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7165023|Q7165023]]
| [[Pentamerida]]
| Pentamerida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
| [[File:PentamerusSilurian.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7168444|Q7168444]]
| [[Peridiniales]]
| Peridiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Peridinium willei - 400x - Dinoflagellate (15058894916).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7170041|Q7170041]]
| [[Isoetales]]
| Isoetales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lycopodiopsida]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illustration Isoetes lacustris0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7170634|Q7170634]]
| [[Personales]]
| Personales
| [[Bicarpellatae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7175204|Q7175204]]
| [[Salviniales]]
| Salviniales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><br/>[[Salviniidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Illustration Pilularia globulifera0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7180089|Q7180089]]
| [[Phaeophilales]]
| Phaeophilales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7180129|Q7180129]]
| [[Phaeothamniales]]
| Phaeothamniales
| [[Phaeothamniophyceae]]
| [[File:Phaeothamnium F-E-Fritsch 1935.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7187078|Q7187078]]
| [[Pholidopleuriformes]]
| Pholidopleuriformes
| [[Chondrostei]]
| [[File:Australosomus merlei.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7188058|Q7188058]]
| [[Phragmoteuthida]]
| Phragmoteuthida
| [[Belemnoidea]]
| [[File:Phragmoteuthis conocauda 1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7200511|Q7200511]]
| [[Plagiopylida]]
| Plagiopylida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Plagiopylea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7238543|Q7238543]]
| [[Prasiolales]]
| Prasiolales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
| [[File:Prasiola stipitata Suhr (AM AK307212-1).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7245130|Q7245130]]
| [[Principes]]
| Principes
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251529|Q7251529]]
| [[Proteocephalidea]]
| Proteocephalidea
| [[Cestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251541|Q7251541]]
| [[Proteomyxa]]
| Proteomyxa
| [[Rhizopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251914|Q7251914]]
| [[Protococcidiorida]]
| Protococcidiorida<ref name="ref_c6d903941c119b5806b920ee34efc2e359edd31e5689b2ac42e2e1338c591c95">''[[:d:Q109361645|[The systematics of Sporozoa]]]''</ref>
| [[Coccidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7255510|Q7255510]]
| [[Pseudorthocerida]]
| Pseudorthocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
| [[File:Orthoceras BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7255547|Q7255547]]
| [[Pseudoscourfieldiales]]
| Pseudoscourfieldiales
| [[Pseudoscourfieldiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7256041|Q7256041]]
| [[Psilophytites]]
| Psilophytites
| [[Polysporangiophytes]]
| [[File:Starr 040131-0017 Psilotum nudum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7257149|Q7257149]]
| [[Ptycholepiformes]]
| Ptycholepiformes
| [[Chondrostei]]
| [[File:Ptycholepis bollensis - Fossils in the Arppeanum - DSC05529.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7263860|Q7263860]]
| [[Pythiales]]
| Pythiales
| [[Oomycota]]
| [[File:Pythium myriotylum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7263964|Q7263964]]
| [[Pyxidiophorales]]
| Pyxidiophorales
| [[Laboulbeniomycetes]]
| [[File:Pyxidiophora.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7269560|Q7269560]]
| [[Quaternates]]
| Quaternates
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[File:Mammiferes.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7307471|Q7307471]]
| [[Apoda]]
| Apoda
| [[amphibio]]
| [[File:Dermophis mexicanus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7316739|Q7316739]]
| [[Reticulosa]]
| Reticulosa<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Amphidiscophora]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7316740|Q7316740]]
| [[Reticulosida]]
| Reticulosida
| [[Proteomyxidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7388740|Q7388740]]
| [[Pelagibacterales]]
| Pelagibacterales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pelagibacter.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7427553|Q7427553]]
| [[Saurichthyiformes]]
| Saurichthyiformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
| [[File:Saurichthys curionii 1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7431628|Q7431628]]
| [[Schizosaccharomycetales]]
| Schizosaccharomycetales
| [[Schizosaccharomycetes]]
| [[File:Fission yeast.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7438287|Q7438287]]
| [[Scouleriales]]
| Scouleriales
| [[Dicranidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7438296|Q7438296]]
| [[Scourfieldiales]]
| Scourfieldiales<ref name="ref_3c0f3a963a088d120a69959b9fc365cfa2c88e1ff2fb9a600750e42be816fe53">''[[:d:Q100722396|FURTHER STUDIES OF PRESUMEDLY PRIMITIVE GREEN ALGAE, INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF PEDINOPHYCEAE CLASS. NOV. AND RESULTOR GEN. NOV.1]]''</ref>
| [[Pedinophyceae]]
| [[File:Scourfieldia complanata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7439706|Q7439706]]
| [[Scytosiphonales]]
| Scytosiphonales
| [[Phaeophyceae]]
| [[File:Colpomeniasinuosa.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7444798|Q7444798]]
| [[Secundates]]
| Secundates
| [[primate]]
| [[File:Mammiferes.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7447901|Q7447901]]
| [[Selenomonadales]]
| Selenomonadales
| [[Negativicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7512165|Q7512165]]
| [[Phoenicopteriformes]]
| Phoenicopteriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Mirandornithes]]
| [[File:Flamingo.greater.flaps.750pix.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7541338|Q7541338]]
| [[Slopalinida]]
| Slopalinida
| [[Stramenopiles]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7576781|Q7576781]]
| [[Sphingobacteriales]]
| Sphingobacteriales<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Sphingobacteriia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7577701|Q7577701]]
| [[Spiraculata]]
| Spiraculata
| [[Blastoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7634405|Q7634405]]
| [[Suessiales]]
| Suessiales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Duel life stages.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7680893|Q7680893]]
| [[Tamaricales]]
| Tamaricales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Violanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Polygonanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Caryophyllanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tamarix usneoides 15230667.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7686676|Q7686676]]
| [[Tarrasiiformes]]
| Tarrasiiformes
| [[Chondrostei]]
| [[File:†Apholidotos ossna Unt Karbon Bear Gulch USA Ch885.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7692831|Q7692831]]
| [[Tectofilosida]]
| Tectofilosida
| [[Thecofilosea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Collection Penard MHNG Specimen 87-1-2 Capsellina muscorum.tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7783079|Q7783079]]
| [[Thermales]]
| Thermales
| [[Deinococci]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7783142|Q7783142]]
| [[Thermococcales]]
| Thermococcales<ref name="ref_fe76b9bf638d7fa02cf584302761f792e53c3b0138bf37fb70c02f229c8ed5fa">''[[:d:Q55951482|Pyrococcus woesei, sp. nov., an ultra-thermophilic marine archaebacterium, representing a novel order, Thermococcales]]''</ref>
| [[Thermococci]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pyrococcus furiosus.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7814684|Q7814684]]
| [[Tolypelepidida]]
| Tolypelepidida
| [[Heterostraci]]
| [[File:Tolypelepis undulata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7819141|Q7819141]]
| [[Tommotiid]]
| Tommotiida
| [[Brachiopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7837412|Q7837412]]
| [[Trebouxiales]]
| Trebouxiales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
| [[File:Botryococcus braunii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7840612|Q7840612]]
| [[Triceratiales]]
| Triceratiales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Triceratium polycystinorum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7841785|Q7841785]]
| [[Trigoniida]]
| Trigoniida
| [[Palaeoheterodonta]]
| [[File:Yaadia valentina.4 - Cretacico inferior.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7848574|Q7848574]]
| [[Trypanoporida]]
| Trypanoporida
| [[Tentaculita]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7860400|Q7860400]]
| [[Tymovirales]]
| Tymovirales<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Virus]]<ref name="ref_a5fd26998257214762eeb54d0cd502570b81d9abaf031014396ebb01a0e9b2e6">''[[:d:Q18810383|ICTV Master Species List 2013 v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cb05d964c30a45fef07328fb0f9fc143725f04c72f1ebf9d3684c09fab1ed17c">''[[:d:Q24716610|ICTV Master Species List 2014 v4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14768e152946c11f036e10c2a6237af5f4ef8201b49bc4d154dcb9b5bc43504e">''[[:d:Q24571893|ICTV Master Species List 2015 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_340ce0d1fe54d6ea21cccd266d1800d30938dc28d8254ab31e91911ec8d21145">''[[:d:Q29000566|ICTV Master Species List 2016 v1.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3a1938395f14813c837ce1783f840d59a65323c465dcd06b4d1af160cdeff86f">''[[:d:Q69578243|ICTV Master Species List 2009]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5ea60a2f5237ff289cab894c54f4a7214ec821f4eca82f4a18015312f162d390">''[[:d:Q69577927|ICTV Master Species List 2011]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c5fbb4da26a55eb297e419b424ed5260340fdabc7bf32cded8c95ee5d79c42ce">''[[:d:Q69577800|ICTV Master Species List 2013]]''</ref><br/>[[Alsuviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tymoviridae virion.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7899726|Q7899726]]
| [[Uranolophina]]
| Uranolophina
| [[Dipnoi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8043683|Q8043683]]
| [[Xenophyophorida]]
| Xenophyophorida
| [[Granuloreticulosa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8221361|Q8221361]]
| [[Fucales]]
| Fucales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ascophylum nodosum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8222480|Q8222480]]
| [[Hemimastigida]]
| Hemimastigida<ref name="ref_58dfc1d83951e35703b2a2a1aba78948c7015d0ae4a435375316002039078fa3">''[[:d:Q85570914|The hemimastigophora (Hemimastix amphikineta nov. gen., nov. spec.), a new protistan phylum from gondwanian soils]]''</ref>
| [[Hemimastigea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8255832|Q8255832]]
| [[Caloneurodea]]
| Caloneurodea
| [[Archaeorthoptera]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c8dae2d19519e7ebc19b71e5f14220b6a8ef8aebfd931f8c6322beb01fed68bc">''[[:d:Q28938232|Venation pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu nov. and sister groups. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Orthoptera sensu nov.]]''</ref>
| [[File:Caloneura dowsoni.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8341457|Q8341457]]
| [[Carterinida]]
| Carterinida
| [[Globothalamea]]
| [[File:Carterina spiculotesta wall.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8345469|Q8345469]]
| [[Chlamydomonadales]]
| Chlamydomonadales<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Chlorophyceae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chlamydomonas (10000x).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9055339|Q9055339]]
| [[Paracryphiales]]
| Paracryphiales<ref name="ref_a17cd45f195cdc191b9f590dfce26a41c267e800aab843f3152d21b863779439">''[[:d:Q13626292|A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[campanulids]]<ref name="ref_774629b5d6b96d18755d7eba9800e693975ea5262bd876c19af66b5ea59794ed">''[[:d:Q13683362|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Quintinia sieberi - Grose Valley.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9089985|Q9089985]]
| [[Trichurida]]
| Trichurida
| [[Enoplia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9141993|Q9141993]]
| [[Agavales]]
| Agavales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Agave.americana(01).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9149398|Q9149398]]
| [[Amaryllidales]]
| Amaryllidales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amaryllis4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9150820|Q9150820]]
| [[Ancyromonadida]]
| Ancyromonadida<ref name="ref_c033a9e634a29b6e57249cffd6636bd260a569be6db02d176f2e0abb8e439574">''[[:d:Q109996913|Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi]]''</ref>
| [[eucaryote]]
| [[File:Ancyromonas.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9158844|Q9158844]]
| [[Araucariales]]
| Araucariales<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pinidae]]<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Starr 061206-1993 Araucaria columnaris.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9161604|Q9161604]]
| [[Ateleopodiformes]]
| Ateleopodiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Stenopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ijimaia plicatellus1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9168966|Q9168966]]
| [[Berberidales]]
| Berberidales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Berberis verruculosa0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9174811|Q9174811]]
| [[Menyanthales]]
| Menyanthales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Campanulanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:NymphoidesPeltata-flower1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9192781|Q9192781]]
| [[Circaeasterales]]
| Circaeasterales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9197797|Q9197797]]
| [[Ardeiformes]]
| Ardeiformes
| [[Ciconiimorphae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9207684|Q9207684]]
| [[Diphyllidea]]
| Diphyllidea
| [[Neoophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9260756|Q9260756]]
| [[Annonales]]
| Annonales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Magnolianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9293374|Q9293374]]
| [[Holomastigida]]
| Holomastigida<ref name="ref_dd79759477c83f85c5af96b03e482769a75b8aec55471230deaa69780465ac0e">''[[:d:Q109985193|Protozoenstudien. III. Über eine Süßwasserart der Gattung Multicilia Cienkowsky (M. lacustris nov. spec.) und deren systematische Stellung]]''</ref>
| [[Variosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9293813|Q9293813]]
| [[Hymenophyllales]]
| Hymenophyllales<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:WP-Hymenophyllum-Exkursion nach Berdorf (Luxemburgexkursion) 011.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9304835|Q9304835]]
| [[Potamogetonales]]
| Potamogetonales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Alismatanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:PotamogetonNatans.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9322797|Q9322797]]
| [[Droserales]]
| Droserales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Nepenthanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:AldrovandaVesiculosa3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9347528|Q9347528]]
| [[Stygamoebida]]
| Stygamoebida<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref>
| [[Flabellinia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref><br/>[[Discosea]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9357480|Q9357480]]
| [[Theromorpha]]
| Theromorpha
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9362479|Q9362479]]
| [[Trilliales]]
| Trilliales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9362738|Q9362738]]
| [[Musophagiformes]]
| Musophagiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Otidimorphae]]
| [[File:Musophaga violacea-20080321.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9363852|Q9363852]]
| [[Bradyodonti]]
| Bradyodonti
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9368192|Q9368192]]
| [[Vampyrellida]]
| Vampyrellida<ref name="ref_867bf6a671c48e2ef40e548d167ba607e3c9e89fed0bef9707439984cbb0d7cd">''[[:d:Q53073157|Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria.]]''</ref>
| [[Vampyrellidea]]
| [[File:Vampyrella lateritia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9368256|Q9368256]]
| [[Vannellida]]
| Vannellida<ref name="ref_11a9ad48592d8b890e9ed53e951a7d0f6e43ad2c23be7df7feb9ddb2e21d23cd">''[[:d:Q28273073|Molecular Phylogeny and Classification of the Lobose Amoebae]]''</ref>
| [[Flabellinia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9368275|Q9368275]]
| [[Varipodida]]
| Varipodida<ref name="ref_86db81ff3f13287683ffec9205953482a8097fdc26e7cd744c5b428d2e3ad538">''[[:d:Q29399107|Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium]]''</ref>
| [[Variosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9371647|Q9371647]]
| [[Thymelaeales]]
| Thymelaeales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Malvanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9375271|Q9375271]]
| [[Winterales]]
| Winterales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Magnolianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9394365|Q9394365]]
| [[Salmoniformes]]
| Salmoniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Protacanthopterygii]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Salmo marmoratus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9575881|Q9575881]]
| [[Acanthi]]
| Acanthi
| [[Dicotyledones]]
| [[File:Acanthus montanus3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9579764|Q9579764]]
| [[Acercostraca]]
| Acercostraca<ref name="ref_e155c689111a2b3290dbd721d754f1e590dab633351e898c3a5b07ce050edb34">''[[:d:Q103870483|Vachonia rogeri n.g.n.sp. ein Branchiopod aus dem unterdevonischen Hunsrückschiefer]]''</ref>
| [[Marrellomorpha]]
| [[File:Vachonisia rogeri.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9633015|Q9633015]]
| [[Asparagi]]
| Asparagi
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9644414|Q9644414]]
| [[Balbianales]]
| Balbianales
| [[Florideophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9763859|Q9763859]]
| [[Notoryctemorphia]]
| Notoryctemorphia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Metatheria]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Notoryctes typhlops.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10262827|Q10262827]]
| [[Cystoporata]]
| Cystoporata
| [[Stenolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10264635|Q10264635]]
| [[Decagynia]]
| Decagynia
| [[Decandria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10266315|Q10266315]]
| [[Digynia]]
| Digynia
| [[Monandria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10282219|Q10282219]]
| [[Filices]]
| Filices
| [[tracheophyte]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10290262|Q10290262]]
| [[Heterogloeales]]
| Heterogloeales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10293243|Q10293243]]
| [[Gymnospermia]]
| Gymnospermia
| [[Didynamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10295350|Q10295350]]
| [[Hexagynia]]
| Hexagynia
| [[planta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10304508|Q10304508]]
| [[Ixodida|Ixode]]
| Ixodida<ref name="ref_1f3dfae897eb797b988cbf3b0747e45b5211a7b910963e95706054a0d09645c6">''[[:d:Q15072746|The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names]]''</ref>
| [[Parasitiformes]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Adult deer tick.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10312938|Q10312938]]
| [[Junci]]
| Junci<ref name="ref_36292781dd9d9be53dda2f715bad863ec1f7030a4b600ae9a5fe573de3636d3f">https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k98276j/f92.table</ref>
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]
| [[File:Juncus effusus.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10326761|Q10326761]]
| [[Marrellida]]
| Marrellida
| [[Marrellomorpha]]
| [[File:Marella.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10328391|Q10328391]]
| [[Meliae]]
| Meliae
| [[Dicotyledones]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10330169|Q10330169]]
| [[Mimetasterida]]
| Mimetasterida
| [[Marrellomorpha]]
| [[File:Mimetaster hexagonalis (2).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10331900|Q10331900]]
| [[Monogynia]]
| Monogynia
| [[Monandria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10336146|Q10336146]]
| [[Nemalionales]]
| Nemalionales
| [[Florideae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10336150|Q10336150]]
| [[Nemertodermata]]
| Nemertodermata
| [[Turbellarios|Turbellaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10343746|Q10343746]]
| [[Palaeocaridacea]]
| Palaeocaridacea
| [[Syncarida]]
| [[File:Acanthotelson stimpsoni fossil shrimp (Mazon Creek Lagerstatte, Francis Creek Shale, Middle Pennsylvanian; coal mine dump pile near Essex, northern Illinois, USA).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10348371|Q10348371]]
| [[Pentagynia]]
| Pentagynia
| [[planta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10348899|Q10348899]]
| [[Mischococcales]]
| Mischococcales
| [[Xanthophyceae]]
| [[File:Mischococcus Nägeli 1849.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10349711|Q10349711]]
| [[Pihlellales]]
| Pihlellales
| [[Florideophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10350932|Q10350932]]
| [[Polygamia frustranea]]
| Polygamia frustranea
| [[Polygamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10350933|Q10350933]]
| [[Polygamia aequalis]]
| Polygamia aequalis
| [[Polygamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10350934|Q10350934]]
| [[Polygamia superflua]]
| Polygamia superflua
| [[Polygamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10350935|Q10350935]]
| [[Polygamia necessaria]]
| Polygamia necessaria
| [[Polygamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10350939|Q10350939]]
| [[Polygynia]]
| Polygynia
| [[planta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10352007|Q10352007]]
| [[Rhizochloridales]]
| Rhizochloridales
| [[Xanthophyceae]]
| [[File:Rhizochloris mirabilis & R. stigmatica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10355344|Q10355344]]
| [[Pteridospermales]]
| Pteridospermales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
| [[File:Specimen at Natural History Museum, Gothenburg 02 (cropped).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10355400|Q10355400]]
| [[Ptychodactiaria]]
| Ptychodactiaria
| [[Hexacorallia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10360301|Q10360301]]
| [[Rhabdocoela]]
| Rhabdocoela
| [[Rhabditophora]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gyratrix hermaphroditus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10360304|Q10360304]]
| [[Rhabdopleuroidea]]
| Rhabdopleuroidea
| [[Graptolithoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10363667|Q10363667]]
| [[Rodhogorgonales]]
| Rodhogorgonales
| [[Florideophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10371492|Q10371492]]
| [[Siliculosa]]
| Siliculosa
| [[Tetradynamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10371494|Q10371494]]
| [[Siliquosa]]
| Siliquosa
| [[Tetradynamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10372839|Q10372839]]
| [[Botrydiales]]
| Botrydiales
| [[Xanthophyceae]]
| [[File:Alger, Botydium granulatum, Nordisk familjebok.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10380985|Q10380985]]
| [[Tetragynia]]
| Tetragynia
| [[planta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10384753|Q10384753]]
| [[Trigynia]]
| Trigynia
| [[Diandria]]<br/>[[Triandria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10389914|Q10389914]]
| [[Verticillitida]]
| Verticillitida
| [[Demospongiae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10400366|Q10400366]]
| [[Acrospermales]]
| Acrospermales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:2014-02-28 Acrospermum graminum Lib 406559.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10403015|Q10403015]]
| [[Agaricostilbales]]
| Agaricostilbales
| [[Agaricostilbomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10416617|Q10416617]]
| [[Arachnomycetales]]
| Arachnomycetales
| [[Eurotiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10419530|Q10419530]]
| [[Ascosphaerales]]
| Ascosphaerales
| [[Eurotiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10421948|Q10421948]]
| [[Atractiellales]]
| Atractiellales
| [[Atractiellomycetes]]
| [[File:2011-10-23 Phleogena faginea (Fr.) Link 214654.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10426780|Q10426780]]
| [[Basidiobolales]]
| Basidiobolales
| [[Basidiobolomycetes]]<ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10433851|Q10433851]]
| [[Botryosphaeriales]]
| Botryosphaeriales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10434556|Q10434556]]
| [[Biddulphiales]]
| Biddulphiales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Eucampia-balaustium hg.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10445201|Q10445201]]
| [[Cephalaspida]]
| Cephalaspida
| [[Gastropodos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10451613|Q10451613]]
| [[Chromadorida]]
| Chromadorida
| [[Chromadorea]]
| [[File:Chromadorina tangaroa (10.7717-peerj.9233) Figure 3.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10452652|Q10452652]]
| [[Chytridiopsida]]
| Chytridiopsida
| [[Microsporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10454598|Q10454598]]
| [[Classiculales]]
| Classiculales
| [[Classiculomycetes]]
| [[File:Classicula sinensis (10.3897-mycokeys.40.23828) Figure 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10457097|Q10457097]]
| [[Collothecaceae]]
| Collothecaceae
| [[Gnesiotrocha]]<ref name="ref_c6231a1cba5a31be54bcd7e77ad91c3f46069dba01c5b69000f3c893f8261b93">''[[:d:Q18644400|Phylum Rotifera Cuvier, 1817]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10459878|Q10459878]]
| [[Coronata]]
| Coronata
| [[Scyphozoa]]
| [[File:Strigatella coronata 01.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10460670|Q10460670]]
| [[Siphonales]]
| Siphonales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10462413|Q10462413]]
| [[Cryptomycocolacales]]
| Cryptomycocolacales
| [[Cryptomycocolacomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10465216|Q10465216]]
| [[Cystobasidiales]]
| Cystobasidiales
| [[Cystobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10484988|Q10484988]]
| [[Entorrhizales]]
| Entorrhizales
| [[Entorrhizomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10487418|Q10487418]]
| [[Eremothallales]]
| Eremithallales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10488770|Q10488770]]
| [[Erythrobasidiales]]
| Erythrobasidiales
| [[Cystobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10490776|Q10490776]]
| [[Gloeodiniales]]
| Gloeodiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10494503|Q10494503]]
| [[Fecampiida]]
| Fecampiida
| [[Rhabditophora]]
| [[File:Turbellaria 001.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10496950|Q10496950]]
| [[Flosculariacea]]
| Flosculariacea
| [[Gnesiotrocha]]<ref name="ref_c6231a1cba5a31be54bcd7e77ad91c3f46069dba01c5b69000f3c893f8261b93">''[[:d:Q18644400|Phylum Rotifera Cuvier, 1817]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10507601|Q10507601]]
| [[Gordea]]
| Gordea
| [[Nematomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10511592|Q10511592]]
| [[Gymnosomatida]]
| Gymnosomatida
| [[Gastropodos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10516234|Q10516234]]
| [[Halichondriida]]
| Halichondriida
| [[Demospongiae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10519603|Q10519603]]
| [[Helicobasidiales]]
| Helicobasidiales
| [[Pucciniomycetes]]
| [[File:Wortel violet wortelrot (Helicobasidium brebissonii on Daucus carota).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10556103|Q10556103]]
| [[Lecideales]]
| Lecideales
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Lecidea perlatolica - Flickr - pellaea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10562273|Q10562273]]
| [[Limnognathida]]
| Limnognathida
| [[Micrognathozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10564038|Q10564038]]
| [[Chrysomonadales]]
| Chrysomonadales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10568658|Q10568658]]
| [[Lobulomycetales]]
| Lobulomycetales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a338fec77bc31c1dbbc52993cfb81f80d7549f9ab42232d15e5de94ec21898d3">''[[:d:Q33399328|Lobulomycetales, a new order in the Chytridiomycota]]''</ref>
| [[Lobulomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10575749|Q10575749]]
| [[Malasseziales]]
| Malasseziales
| [[Malasseziomycetes]]
| [[File:Malassezia furfur SEM lores.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10581151|Q10581151]]
| [[Meliolales]]
| Meliolales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10582822|Q10582822]]
| [[Metateratocephalida]]
| Metateratocephalida
| [[Adenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10584812|Q10584812]]
| [[Microsporida]]
| Microsporida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Rozellomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10586727|Q10586727]]
| [[Mixiales]]
| Mixiales
| [[Mixiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10588316|Q10588316]]
| [[Monoblepharidales]]
| Monoblepharidales
| [[Monoblepharidomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10594261|Q10594261]]
| [[Nanaloricida]]
| Nanaloricida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Loricifera]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10594506|Q10594506]]
| [[Naohideales]]
| Naohideales
| [[Cystobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10595388|Q10595388]]
| [[Nectonematida]]
| Nectonematida
| [[Gordioida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10596699|Q10596699]]
| [[Neocallimastigales]]
| Neocallimastigales
| [[Neocallimastigomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10597370|Q10597370]]
| [[Neolectales]]
| Neolectales
| [[Neolectomycetes]]
| [[File:Neolecta irregularis 76559.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10603349|Q10603349]]
| [[Notaspida]]
| Notaspida
| [[Gastropodos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10609751|Q10609751]]
| [[Mobilida]]
| Mobilida
| [[Peritrichia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Trich2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10611127|Q10611127]]
| [[Orbiliales]]
| Orbiliales
| [[Orbiliomycetes]]
| [[File:Orbilia xanthostigma.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10614615|Q10614615]]
| [[Pachnocybales]]
| Pachnocybales
| [[Pucciniomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10618026|Q10618026]]
| [[Paraconodontida]]
| Paraconodontida
| [[vertebrato]]<br/>[[Conodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10633014|Q10633014]]
| [[Plasmodigeneida]]
| Plasmodigeneida
| [[Orthonectida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10633354|Q10633354]]
| [[Platygloeales]]
| Platygloeales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Pucciniomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10634696|Q10634696]]
| [[Ploimida]]
| Ploimida
| [[Monogononta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10634833|Q10634833]]
| [[Pneumocystidales]]
| Pneumocystidales
| [[Pneumocystidomycetes]]
| [[File:Pneumocystis carinii 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10652798|Q10652798]]
| [[Rhizocarpales]]
| Rhizocarpales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Rhizocarpon superficiale - Flickr - pellaea (2).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10653041|Q10653041]]
| [[Rhizophlyctidales]]
| Rhizophlyctidales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23a54998c09daef3f82d5a4de522f50129036580dccb3ba4dba0e9cb8cbfded">''[[:d:Q54790815|Rhizophlyctidales—a new order in Chytridiomycota]]''</ref>
| [[Rhizophlyctidomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10657222|Q10657222]]
| [[Uredinales]]
| Uredinales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10664055|Q10664055]]
| [[Scleractinida]]
| Scleractinida
| [[Hexacorallia]]
| [[File:Scleractinia (calcium skeleton of stony corals) at Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum 9003.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10664285|Q10664285]]
| [[Scolopendrellida]]
| Scolopendrellida
| [[Symphyla]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10675671|Q10675671]]
| [[Spiculogloeales]]
| Spiculogloeales
| [[Agaricostilbomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10676233|Q10676233]]
| [[Sporidiobolales]]
| Sporidiobolales<ref name="ref_a4c081e1178546100795ad0f05b69c7e8f366ec559745c2a0083333224d6bacf">''[[:d:Q99851826|Taxonomic studies in the Microbotryomycetidae: Leucosporidium golubevii sp. nov., Leucosporidiella gen. nov. and the new orders Leucosporidiales and Sporidiobolales]]''</ref>
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10687905|Q10687905]]
| [[Sacoglossida]]
| Sacoglossida
| [[Gastropodos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10690709|Q10690709]]
| [[Tantulocaridida]]
| Tantulocaridida
| [[Maxillopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10693176|Q10693176]]
| [[Teratocephalida]]
| Teratocephalida
| [[Adenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10695952|Q10695952]]
| [[Thecosomatida]]
| Thecosomatida
| [[Gastropodos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10696017|Q10696017]]
| [[Thelebolales]]
| Thelebolales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
| [[File:2014-09-28 Trichobolus zukalii (Heimerl) Kimbr 503383.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10698026|Q10698026]]
| [[Tilletiales]]
| Tilletiales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
| [[File:Tilletia-tritici.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10701696|Q10701696]]
| [[Trefusiida]]
| Trefusiida
| [[Adenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10705479|Q10705479]]
| [[Trypetheliales]]
| Trypetheliales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Trypethelium virens-1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10706077|Q10706077]]
| [[Tulasnellales]]
| Tulasnellales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10719181|Q10719181]]
| [[Wallemiales]]
| Wallemiales
| [[Wallemiomycetes]]
| [[File:Wallemia sebi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10743649|Q10743649]]
| [[Papaverales]]
| Papaverales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Magnoliidae]]<ref name="ref_28cf80c5c6ebedaed76ed16b06e52f2e25c19a17378bed20e7c222d6915922b7">''[[:d:Q14244038|An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Papaver somniferum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-102.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10899530|Q10899530]]
| [[Silicoloculinida]]
| Silicoloculinida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10903148|Q10903148]]
| [[Albuliformes]]
| Albuliformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Elopomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bonefish Albula vulpes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10926595|Q10926595]]
| [[Coscinodiscales]]
| Coscinodiscales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg 1840 diatom shell. SEM image.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11065859|Q11065859]]
| [[Heterotrichales]]
| Heterotrichales
| [[Xanthophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11085824|Q11085824]]
| [[Apterygiformes]]
| Apterygiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Palaeognathae]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref>
| [[File:Apteryx mantelli -Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand-8a.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11111003|Q11111003]]
| [[Rhizosoleniales]]
| Rhizosoleniales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Guinardia flaccinia.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11111036|Q11111036]]
| [[Rhizochrysidales]]
| Rhizochrysidales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11235738|Q11235738]]
| [[Bothriocephalidea]]
| Bothriocephalidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11242467|Q11242467]]
| [[Microthamniales]]
| Microthamniales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
| [[File:Microthamnion.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11680915|Q11680915]]
| [[Craterostigmomorpha]]
| Craterostigmomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[Pleurostigmophora]]<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[File:EB1911 - Centipede Fig. 8 Craterostigmus.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11693956|Q11693956]]
| [[Dermamoebida]]
| Dermamoebida<ref name="ref_86db81ff3f13287683ffec9205953482a8097fdc26e7cd744c5b428d2e3ad538">''[[:d:Q29399107|Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium]]''</ref>
| [[Longamoebia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref><br/>[[Centramoebia]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11743979|Q11743979]]
| [[Tofieldiales]]
| Tofieldiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11743980|Q11743980]]
| [[Iridales]]
| Iridales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Kosaciec syberyjski Iris sibirica kwiaty.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11750309|Q11750309]]
| [[Lardizabalales]]
| Lardizabalales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11754890|Q11754890]]
| [[Corylales]]
| Corylales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Juglandanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hazelnoot Halle'sche Riesen vruchten.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11762774|Q11762774]]
| [[Nelumbonales]]
| Nelumbonales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Nelumbonanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Proteanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nelumbo nucifera-Kyoto.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11777036|Q11777036]]
| [[Melanthiales]]
| Melanthiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11780445|Q11780445]]
| [[Menispermales]]
| Menispermales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11786825|Q11786825]]
| [[Myristicales]]
| Myristicales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Magnolianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11792758|Q11792758]]
| [[Nolandida]]
| Nolandida
| [[Tubulinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11798074|Q11798074]]
| [[Oleales]]
| Oleales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Oleanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Lamianae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Olea europaea2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11812256|Q11812256]]
| [[Diphyllobothriidea]]
| Diphyllobothriidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
| [[File:Diphyl proglottidE.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11815496|Q11815496]]
| [[Pellitida]]
| Pellitida<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref>
| [[Flabellinia]]<ref name="ref_06f98c19661781836388de3665a838b82a2aab0ba5f04645df3e692654062fe3">''[[:d:Q28244321|A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: lobosa)]]''</ref><br/>[[Centramoebia]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11818766|Q11818766]]
| [[Paeoniales]]
| Paeoniales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paeonia tenuifolia2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11833746|Q11833746]]
| [[Brachiopterygii]]
| Brachiopterygii
| [[Cladistei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11842482|Q11842482]]
| [[Copelata]]
| Copelata
| [[Appendicularia]]
| [[File:Oikopleura dioica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11842686|Q11842686]]
| [[Platycopida]]
| Platycopida
| [[Podocopa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11844132|Q11844132]]
| [[Bochusacea]]
| Bochusacea
| [[Peracarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11847380|Q11847380]]
| [[Pyrosomatida]]
| Pyrosomatida
| [[Thaliacea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tunicate off Atauro island.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11925587|Q11925587]]
| [[Hydropteridales]]
| Hydropteridales
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
| [[File:Salvinia minima 0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11958490|Q11958490]]
| [[Aphloiales]]
| Aphloiales
| [[Rosidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12045595|Q12045595]]
| [[Pleurocapsales]]
| Pleurocapsales
| [[Oscillatoriophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12062402|Q12062402]]
| [[Ajacicyathida]]
| Ajacicyathida
| [[Archaeocyatha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12062540|Q12062540]]
| [[Aulocalycoida]]
| Aulocalycoida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Hexasterophora]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12072905|Q12072905]]
| [[Verongida]]
| Verongida
| [[Demospongiae]]
| [[File:Sponge from the family Verongida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12127638|Q12127638]]
| [[Pharetronida]]
| Pharetronida
| [[Calcarea]]
| [[File:Pharetronida - Raphidonema farringdonense.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12198609|Q12198609]]
| [[Sphenisciformes]]
| Sphenisciformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Austrodyptornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12253885|Q12253885]]
| [[Archaeospicularia]]
| Archaeospicularia
| [[Polycystinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12304698|Q12304698]]
| [[Buxbaumiales]]
| Buxbaumiales
| [[Bryopsida]]
| [[File:Buxbaumiaaphylla.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12325893|Q12325893]]
| [[Dryopteridales]]
| Dryopteridales
|
| [[File:Dryopteris-filix-mas.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12330475|Q12330475]]
| [[Orthotrichales]]
| Orthotrichales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Ulota crispa (h, 144647-474823) 3563.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12332721|Q12332721]]
| [[Aspleniales]]
| Aspleniales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Asplenium ruta muraria1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12333354|Q12333354]]
| [[Rhizogoniales]]
| Rhizogoniales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Aulacomnium androgynum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12336127|Q12336127]]
| [[Cortinariales]]
| Cortinariales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Cortinarius archeri.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12336691|Q12336691]]
| [[Splachnales]]
| Splachnales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Mosses01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12338947|Q12338947]]
| [[Tetraphidales]]
| Tetraphidales
| [[Tetraphidopsida]]
| [[File:Tetraphis.pellucida3.-.lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12344137|Q12344137]]
| [[Welwitschiales]]
| Welwitschiales<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Gnetophyta]]<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><br/>[[Welwitschiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Welwitschia mirabilis(2).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12355980|Q12355980]]
| [[Tinamiformes]]
| Tinamiformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[ave]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Dinocrypturi]]<ref name="ref_16826e10137285cbf47fe88580b2de75cf1ad8148bb69036ab2b2ca07de74596">''[[:d:Q119499366|Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tinamus majorPCSL00504B.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12379691|Q12379691]]
| [[Eugregarinorida]]
| Eugregarinorida<ref name="ref_167fdac8bcef75e80a6929a436f3617d025d3ff5073fa080e9cf88dd4e97829b">''[[:d:Q109566936|Sur un nouveau sporozoaire des larves de diptères]]''</ref>
| [[Gregarinasina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12504101|Q12504101]]
| [[Taphrinales]]
| Taphrinales
| [[Taphrinomycetes]]
| [[File:Krulziekte bij Perzik Taphrina deformans Prunus persica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12589458|Q12589458]]
| [[Lucinida]]
| Lucinida
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Codakia orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) 2013 000.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12590916|Q12590916]]
| [[Pelobiontida]]
| Pelobiontida
| [[Archamoebea]]
| [[File:Pelomyxa palustris.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12593777|Q12593777]]
| [[Dinophysida]]
| Dinophysida
| [[Dinophysoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12599335|Q12599335]]
| [[Blastodinida]]
| Blastodinida
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12617334|Q12617334]]
| [[Carditida]]
| Carditida<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[Archiheterodonta]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Carditidae - Cardites antiquatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12621121|Q12621121]]
| [[Tetragonidiales]]
| Tetragonidiales
| [[Cryptophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12745399|Q12745399]]
| [[Hibberdiales]]
| Hibberdiales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
| [[File:Derepyxis amorpha Stokes 1885.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12747009|Q12747009]]
| [[Stereomyxida]]
| Stereomyxida
| [[Amoebozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12763115|Q12763115]]
| [[Adapedonta]]
| Adapedonta
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pharus legumen.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12765692|Q12765692]]
| [[Phaethontiformes]]
| Phaethontiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Eurypygimorphae]]
| [[File:White-tailed Tropicbird - Phaeton lepturus 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12777821|Q12777821]]
| [[Tubificida]]
| Tubificida
| [[Tubificata]]
| [[File:Tubifex01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12841719|Q12841719]]
| [[Marsileales]]
| Marsileales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Marsileidae]]<br/>[[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12898809|Q12898809]]
| [[Archimetatheria]]
| Archimetatheria
| [[Marsupialiformes]]
| [[File:Didelphodon Clean.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12950017|Q12950017]]
| [[Polypteriformes]]
| Polypteriformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Cladistii]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Cladistei]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Polypterus -- Finny Pike (1878) - TIMEA.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13034815|Q13034815]]
| [[Gobiesociformes]]
| Gobiesociformes<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<br/>[[Actinopterygii]]<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lepadogaster purpurea (Cornwall, England).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13112291|Q13112291]]
| [[Pteroclidiformes]]
| Pteroclidiformes
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13140211|Q13140211]]
| [[Homosclerophorida]]
| Homosclerophorida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Homoscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[File:Oscarella lobularis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13167534|Q13167534]]
| [[Grylloblattida]]
| Grylloblattida
| [[Notoptera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13171533|Q13171533]]
| [[Millericrinida]]
| Millericrinida
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Liliocrinus polydactylus MHNT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13171559|Q13171559]]
| [[Mystacocaridida]]
| Mystacocaridida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Mystacocarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13407324|Q13407324]]
| [[Lumbriculida]]
| Lumbriculida
| [[Oligochaeta]]
| [[File:Two tailed lumbriculus variegatus 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13411080|Q13411080]]
| [[Mysida]]
| Mysida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ee8537fe54ade0dcdc4fbfa63340b3c335371f7829b3e40edc08a503500cf708">''[[:d:Q104204003|Uptaded checklist, historical overview and illustrated guide to the stygobiont Malacostraca (Arthropoda: Crustacea) species of Yucatan (Mexico)]]''</ref>
| [[Peracarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hemimysis anomala GLERL 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13411128|Q13411128]]
| [[Paucituberculata]]
| Paucituberculata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><br/>[[Mammiferos]]<ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Shrew opossum - Caenolestidae.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13419378|Q13419378]]
| [[Parachela]]
| Parachela<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
| [[Eutardigrada]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref>
| [[File:Waterbear.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13429442|Q13429442]]
| [[Amphionidacea]]
| Amphionidacea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eucarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amphionides reynaudii larvae.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13436901|Q13436901]]
| [[Bdelloida]]
| Bdelloida
| [[Bdelloidea]]
| [[File:Habrotrocha rosa 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13439272|Q13439272]]
| [[Bicornes]]
| Bicornes
| [[Sympetalae]]
| [[File:Illustration Empetrum nigrum0.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13605369|Q13605369]]
| [[Lepisosteiformes]]
| Lepisosteiformes<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Neoginglymodi]]
| [[File:Lepisosteus oculatus 03.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13605689|Q13605689]]
| [[Nitrososphaerales]]
| Nitrososphaerales
| [[Nitrososphaeria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13636018|Q13636018]]
| [[Filicales]]
| Filicales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref>
| [[Pteropsida]]
| [[File:Dryopteris dilatata Moore26.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13636170|Q13636170]]
| [[Filospermoida]]
| Filospermoida
| [[Filospermoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13636438|Q13636438]]
| [[Holotricha]]
| Holotricha
| [[Infusoria]]
| [[File:Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, 1833.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13829275|Q13829275]]
| [[Meiopriapulomorpha]]
| Meiopriapulomorpha
| [[Priapulida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14107023|Q14107023]]
| [[Coniferales]]
| Coniferales
| [[Pinidae]]<br/>[[Coniferopsida]]
| [[File:Abies alba - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-001.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14196619|Q14196619]]
| [[Microbiotheria]]
| Microbiotheria<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b461bd9e2542d8062d3fd2ec7a638c156f7e79c989097d43409982eb64d5e86d">''[[:d:Q19302303|Class Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c6dffea4fafab9b9cb89e996e9855e3527152d01eeeba1710bc56866f061bf1d">''[[:d:Q1538807|Mammal Species of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Metatheria]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Monito del Monte ps6.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14333619|Q14333619]]
| [[Seticoronaria]]
| Seticoronaria
| [[Priapulida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14426976|Q14426976]]
| [[Symbiida]]
| Symbiida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Eucycliophora]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14545384|Q14545384]]
| [[Pteraspidiformes]]
| Pteraspidiformes
| [[Heterostraci]]
| [[File:Lamiaspis longiripa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14545387|Q14545387]]
| [[Cyathaspidiformes]]
| Cyathaspidiformes
| [[Heterostraci]]
| [[File:Cyathaspis banksii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14556976|Q14556976]]
| [[Anthoathecata]]
| Anthoathecata<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[Hydroidolina]]
| [[File:Haeckel Anthomedusae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14563773|Q14563773]]
| [[Angiospermia]]
| Angiospermia
| [[Didynamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14563774|Q14563774]]
| [[Polypetala]]
| Polypetala
| [[Didynamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14563950|Q14563950]]
| [[Trioecia]]
| Trioecia
| [[Polygamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14566629|Q14566629]]
| [[Trogoniformes]]
| Trogoniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Eucavitaves]]
| [[File:Harpactes erythrocephalus - Khao Yai.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14848818|Q14848818]]
| [[Ranales]]
| Ranales
| [[Thalamiflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14849555|Q14849555]]
| [[Opilioacarida]]
| Opilioacarida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Opilioacariformes]]
| [[File:Opilioacarus segmentatus.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14851742|Q14851742]]
| [[Scleronychophora]]
| Scleronychophora
| [[Xenusia]]
| [[File:USNM PAL 83935 Hallucigenia sparsa Image 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14854124|Q14854124]]
| [[Platycopioida]]
| Platycopioida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Progymnoplea]]
| [[File:Platycopia perplexa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14856233|Q14856233]]
| [[Passiflorales]]
| Passiflorales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Calyciflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref><br/>[[Violanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14856627|Q14856627]]
| [[Ficoidales]]
| Ficoidales
| [[Calyciflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14856870|Q14856870]]
| [[Umbellales]]
| Umbellales
| [[Calyciflorae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14857810|Q14857810]]
| [[Curvembryeae]]
| Curvembryeae
| [[Monochlamydeae]]
| [[File:Amaranthus retroflexus full1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14858011|Q14858011]]
| [[Multiovulatae terrestres]]
| Multiovulatae terrestres
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14858028|Q14858028]]
| [[Micrembryeae]]
| Micrembryeae
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14858032|Q14858032]]
| [[Daphnales]]
| Daphnales
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14858246|Q14858246]]
| [[Achlamydosporeae]]
| Achlamydosporeae
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14858249|Q14858249]]
| [[Unisexuales]]
| Unisexuales
| [[Monochlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14858646|Q14858646]]
| [[Epigynae]]
| Epigynae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14858653|Q14858653]]
| [[Coronarieae]]
| Coronarieae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14861099|Q14861099]]
| [[Calycineae]]
| Calycineae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14861284|Q14861284]]
| [[Nudifloreae]]
| Nudifloreae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14861302|Q14861302]]
| [[Apocarpae]]
| Apocarpae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_621d6bb1f35f60ee4489c304a6ae0f88ad38a6f49a1c164d0f3b01e5164860e2">''[[:d:Q5876832|Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14885733|Q14885733]]
| [[Synanthae]]
| Synanthae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14885975|Q14885975]]
| [[Spathiflorae]]
| Spathiflorae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14886341|Q14886341]]
| [[Farinosae]]
| Farinosae
| [[Monocotyledoneae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14905182|Q14905182]]
| [[Julianiales]]
| Julianiales
| [[Archichlamydeae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14905309|Q14905309]]
| [[Mesostigmatales]]
| Mesostigmatales
| [[Mesostigmatophyceae]]
| [[File:Mesostigma viride 534857918.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14906166|Q14906166]]
| [[Pelliales]]
| Pelliales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Pelliidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pellia epiphylla7 ies.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14914658|Q14914658]]
| [[Sarraceniales]]
| Sarraceniales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Archichlamydeae]]<br/>[[Sarracenianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14914668|Q14914668]]
| [[Pandales]]
| Pandales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14915568|Q14915568]]
| [[Opuntiales]]
| Opuntiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14915569|Q14915569]]
| [[Myrtiflorae]]
| Myrtiflorae
| [[Archichlamydeae]]<ref name="ref_38b181f0a23ac15f921536dc9468603db8fe4e02ca836d5259b079b60505bfef">''[[:d:Q14866876|Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (ed. 9)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14916702|Q14916702]]
| [[Eupomatiales]]
| Eupomatiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Magnolianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14917540|Q14917540]]
| [[Calycanthales]]
| Calycanthales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lauranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14918093|Q14918093]]
| [[Lactoridales]]
| Lactoridales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lactoridanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14918102|Q14918102]]
| [[Hydnorales]]
| Hydnorales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rafflesianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Piperanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14918125|Q14918125]]
| [[Cynomoriales]]
| Cynomoriales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Balanophoranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Saxifraganae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14918144|Q14918144]]
| [[Balanophorales]]
| Balanophorales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Balanophoranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Santalanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Balanophora fungosa-BSI-1-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14920259|Q14920259]]
| [[Hydropeltidales]]
| Hydropeltidales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Nelumbonanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14920463|Q14920463]]
| [[Charales]]
| Charales
| [[Charophyceae]]<br/>[[Streptophyta]]
| [[File:CharaFragilis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14920666|Q14920666]]
| [[Butomales]]
| Butomales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Butomanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14920675|Q14920675]]
| [[Aponogetonales]]
| Aponogetonales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Alismatanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14920676|Q14920676]]
| [[Juncaginales]]
| Juncaginales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Alismatanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14923111|Q14923111]]
| [[Smilacales]]
| Smilacales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14923278|Q14923278]]
| [[Nartheciales]]
| Nartheciales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Acoranae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14923554|Q14923554]]
| [[Alstroemeriales]]
| Alstroemeriales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Alstroemeria aurantiaca.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14923582|Q14923582]]
| [[Colchicales]]
| Colchicales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Colchicum soboliferum 04.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14924033|Q14924033]]
| [[Hypoxidales]]
| Hypoxidales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14926560|Q14926560]]
| [[Tecophilaeales]]
| Tecophilaeales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14926679|Q14926679]]
| [[Burmanniales]]
| Burmanniales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[File:Burmannia disticha.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14926682|Q14926682]]
| [[Asteliales]]
| Asteliales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nolina parryi 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14926752|Q14926752]]
| [[Hanguanales]]
| Hanguanales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14928147|Q14928147]]
| [[Velloziales]]
| Velloziales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Bromelianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Pandananae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14928153|Q14928153]]
| [[Haemodorales]]
| Haemodorales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pontederianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14928155|Q14928155]]
| [[Philydrales]]
| Philydrales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pontederianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14928157|Q14928157]]
| [[Pontederiales]]
| Pontederiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pontederianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14928171|Q14928171]]
| [[Xyridales]]
| Xyridales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14931537|Q14931537]]
| [[Glaucidiales]]
| Glaucidiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14932354|Q14932354]]
| [[Eupteleales]]
| Eupteleales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Trochodendranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Ranunculanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14932356|Q14932356]]
| [[Cercidiphyllales]]
| Cercidiphyllales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Trochodendranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14932360|Q14932360]]
| [[Myrothamnales]]
| Myrothamnales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Myrothamnanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14932597|Q14932597]]
| [[Barbeyales]]
| Barbeyales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Daphniphyllanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14932631|Q14932631]]
| [[Simmondsiales]]
| Simmondsiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Daphniphyllanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14932656|Q14932656]]
| [[Rhoipteleales]]
| Rhoipteleales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Juglandanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14933450|Q14933450]]
| [[Physenales]]
| Physenales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Theanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Caryophyllanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14933454|Q14933454]]
| [[Ochnales]]
| Ochnales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Theanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Podostemanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14933459|Q14933459]]
| [[Elatinales]]
| Elatinales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Theanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14933462|Q14933462]]
| [[Ancistrocladales]]
| Ancistrocladales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Theanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14933465|Q14933465]]
| [[Dioncophyllales]]
| Dioncophyllales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Theanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14934155|Q14934155]]
| [[Actinidiales]]
| Actinidiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14934302|Q14934302]]
| [[Geissolomatales]]
| Geissolomatales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14934306|Q14934306]]
| [[Fouquieriales]]
| Fouquieriales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14934445|Q14934445]]
| [[Styracales]]
| Styracales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Primulanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14934688|Q14934688]]
| [[Caricales]]
| Caricales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Violanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14934726|Q14934726]]
| [[Elaeocarpales]]
| Elaeocarpales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Violanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14939883|Q14939883]]
| [[Moringales]]
| Moringales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14939915|Q14939915]]
| [[Gyrostemonales]]
| Gyrostemonales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940030|Q14940030]]
| [[Cistales]]
| Cistales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Malvanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940650|Q14940650]]
| [[Begoniales]]
| Begoniales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Cucurbitanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:ЦВЕТЫ 25. Бегонии. Фото А. Щекинова.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940717|Q14940717]]
| [[Cunoniales]]
| Cunoniales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Saxifraganae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940720|Q14940720]]
| [[Cephalotales]]
| Cephalotales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Saxifraganae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940725|Q14940725]]
| [[Greyiales]]
| Greyiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Saxifraganae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940728|Q14940728]]
| [[Francoales]]
| Francoales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Saxifraganae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940870|Q14940870]]
| [[Brexiales]]
| Brexiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Celastranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940875|Q14940875]]
| [[Parnassiales]]
| Parnassiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Celastranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940880|Q14940880]]
| [[Salvadorales]]
| Salvadorales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Celastranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14940884|Q14940884]]
| [[Corynocarpales]]
| Corynocarpales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Celastranae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14941029|Q14941029]]
| [[Medusandrales]]
| Medusandrales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Santalanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942282|Q14942282]]
| [[Balsaminales]]
| Balsaminales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Geranianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942292|Q14942292]]
| [[Vochysiales]]
| Vochysiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Geranianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942425|Q14942425]]
| [[Tropaeolales]]
| Tropaeolales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942454|Q14942454]]
| [[Limnanthales]]
| Limnanthales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942505|Q14942505]]
| [[Connarales]]
| Connarales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942953|Q14942953]]
| [[Rutales]]
| Rutales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942958|Q14942958]]
| [[Coriariales]]
| Coriariales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942959|Q14942959]]
| [[Burserales]]
| Burserales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943101|Q14943101]]
| [[Elaeagnales]]
| Elaeagnales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Rhamnanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943536|Q14943536]]
| [[Hydrangeales]]
| Hydrangeales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Cornanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943563|Q14943563]]
| [[Roridulales]]
| Roridulales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Cornanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943574|Q14943574]]
| [[Desfontainiales]]
| Desfontainiales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Cornanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943631|Q14943631]]
| [[Pterocliformes]]
| Pterocliformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Columbimorphae]]
| [[File:Syrrhaptes paradoxus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943802|Q14943802]]
| [[Aralidiales]]
| Aralidiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Cornidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Cornanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943983|Q14943983]]
| [[Torricelliales]]
| Torricelliales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Aralianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943986|Q14943986]]
| [[Pittosporales]]
| Pittosporales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Aralianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14943993|Q14943993]]
| [[Byblidales]]
| Byblidales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Aralianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14944315|Q14944315]]
| [[Apocynales]]
| Apocynales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Gentiananae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14946301|Q14946301]]
| [[Loasales]]
| Loasales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Loasanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Cornanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14946343|Q14946343]]
| [[Hydrostachyales]]
| Hydrostachyales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Lamianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14946347|Q14946347]]
| [[Hippuridales]]
| Hippuridales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lamianae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14946358|Q14946358]]
| [[Goodeniales]]
| Goodeniales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Campanulanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14946362|Q14946362]]
| [[Stylidiales]]
| Stylidiales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Campanulanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Asteranae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15031551|Q15031551]]
| [[Geoglossales]]
| Geoglossales
| [[Geoglossomycetes]]
| [[File:Geoglossum difforme Ro Hjelmeland Trodlatysdal 08092009 DSCN0938.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15076861|Q15076861]]
| [[Multiplacophora]]
| Multiplacophora
| [[Polyplacophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15089970|Q15089970]]
| [[Holasteroida]]
| Holasteroida
| [[Euechinoidea]]
| [[File:MHNT - Hemipneustes pyrenaicus - 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15099738|Q15099738]]
| [[Rhynchocephalia]]
| Rhynchocephalia<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[reptile]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><br/>[[Lepidosauria]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Henry at Invercargill.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15105441|Q15105441]]
| [[Chrysiogenales]]
| Chrysiogenales
| [[Chrysiogenia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15105488|Q15105488]]
| [[Dictyoglomales]]
| Dictyoglomales<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyoglomia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15105566|Q15105566]]
| [[Vibrionales]]
| Vibrionales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Vibrio cholerae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15157200|Q15157200]]
| [[Sporadotrichida]]
| Sporadotrichida
| [[Spirotrichea]]<br/>[[Stichotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Oxytricha trifallax.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15207720|Q15207720]]
| [[Squatiniformes]]
| Squatiniformes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Squalomorphi]]<ref name="ref_e15368fd420c777ba2608cb300ef96bc5cf521014a821d17ae2db180d989550d">''[[:d:Q60731916|Fishes of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Squatina australis 3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15210913|Q15210913]]
| [[Heterotrichida]]
| Heterotrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Heterotrichea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Climacostomum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15217713|Q15217713]]
| [[Gloeophyllales]]
| Gloeophyllales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Gloeophyllum sepiarium01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15220643|Q15220643]]
| [[Xiphosurida]]
| Xiphosurida
| [[Xiphosura]]
| [[File:Limulus polyphemus (aquarium).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15220703|Q15220703]]
| [[Mesosauria]]
| Mesosauria
| [[Parareptilia]]
| [[File:Mesosaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15240963|Q15240963]]
| [[Rubrobacterales]]
| Rubrobacterales
| [[Rubrobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15241007|Q15241007]]
| [[Dacrymycetales]]
| Dacrymycetales
| [[Dacrymycetes]]
| [[File:Kleverig koraalzwammetje.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15241127|Q15241127]]
| [[Eoarthropleurida]]
| Eoarthropleurida
| [[Arthropleuridea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15241146|Q15241146]]
| [[Plasmodiophorales]]
| Plasmodiophorales
| [[Plasmodiophoromycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15241229|Q15241229]]
| [[Atelaspidiformes]]
| Atelaspidiformes
| [[Osteostraci]]
| [[File:Hemicyclaspis murchisoni 43.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15241269|Q15241269]]
| [[Sessilida]]
| Sessilida
| [[Peritrichia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Zoothamnium niveum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15241287|Q15241287]]
| [[Chloroflexales]]
| Chloroflexales<ref name="ref_2edee2e3546bec6d3e0c7baae65325c8aaff89bea2789ed2c0a149e0a6469269">''[[:d:Q45323635|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Chloroflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15242268|Q15242268]]
| [[Camarodonta]]
| Camarodonta
| [[Echinacea]]
| [[File:Haeckel Echinidea 60.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15255592|Q15255592]]
| [[Thyestiida]]
| Thyestiida
| [[Osteostraci]]
| [[File:The Soviet Union 1990 CPA 6243 stamp (Thyestes).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15260282|Q15260282]]
| [[Coriobacteriales]]
| Coriobacteriales
| [[Coriobacteriia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15261014|Q15261014]]
| [[Acidobacteriales]]
| Acidobacteriales<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[Terriglobia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15283225|Q15283225]]
| [[Diphylleida]]
| Diphylleida
| [[Diphyllatea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Collodictyon.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15298531|Q15298531]]
| [[Xanthomonadales]]
| Xanthomonadales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Xanthomonas leaf spot.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15304495|Q15304495]]
| [[Isocrinida]]
| Isocrinida<ref name="ref_10527f57a46e4516e93f190276f7d5f4efac8ecb682762a7781d58c923ab4fc1">''[[:d:Q133886572|Classification of Isocrinida (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) with the description of a new extant genus and species from the western Pacific]]''</ref>
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Isocrinus nicoleti Kane County.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15324709|Q15324709]]
| [[Plectida]]
| Plectida
| [[Chromadoria]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leptolaimus dififtinus (10.7717-peerj.9923) Figure 3.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15411625|Q15411625]]
| [[Synechodontiformes]]
| Synechodontiformes
| [[Squalomorphi]]<br/>[[Galeomorphi]]
| [[File:Paraorthacodus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15455158|Q15455158]]
| [[Hirudinida]]
| Hirudinida
| [[leech]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15489373|Q15489373]]
| [[Pasteurellales]]
| Pasteurellales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Haemophilus ducreyi 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15611315|Q15611315]]
| [[Palaeocopida]]
| Palaeocopida
| [[Palaeocopa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15613251|Q15613251]]
| [[Cirrhitiformes]]
| Cirrhitiformes
| [[Percomorpha]]
| [[File:Oxycirrhites typus 5.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15628835|Q15628835]]
| [[Amylocorticiales]]
| Amylocorticiales
| [[Agaricomycetidae]]
| [[File:Ceraceomyces sublaevis 38439.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15631634|Q15631634]]
| [[Neisseriales]]
| Neisseriales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Neisseria gonorrhoeae 02.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15632233|Q15632233]]
| [[Phytosauria]]
| Phytosauria
| [[Crurotarsi]]<ref name="ref_54bd02a635afc81086f48f6e0ad530c03fd3b969ce4a09fa59e46a5fc9008508">''[[:d:Q82486|Encyclopedia of Life]]''</ref><br/>[[Pseudosuchia]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Paleorhinus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15632368|Q15632368]]
| [[Caulobacterales]]
| Caulobacterales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Caulobacter crescentus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15632492|Q15632492]]
| [[Ichthyornithiformes]]
| Ichthyornithiformes
| [[Odontotormae]]
| [[File:Ichthyornis BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15642790|Q15642790]]
| [[Leucosporidiales]]
| Leucosporidiales<ref name="ref_a4c081e1178546100795ad0f05b69c7e8f366ec559745c2a0083333224d6bacf">''[[:d:Q99851826|Taxonomic studies in the Microbotryomycetidae: Leucosporidium golubevii sp. nov., Leucosporidiella gen. nov. and the new orders Leucosporidiales and Sporidiobolales]]''</ref>
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15643368|Q15643368]]
| [[Sebacinales]]
| Sebacinales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Sebacina.incrustans.-.lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15708883|Q15708883]]
| [[Marattiales]]
| Marattiales<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Marattiidae]]<ref name="ref_ecd3d782139f3bf8a6753c13254ae80d9209dfc6e8ff4382c1b1657a6a3ca2c1">''[[:d:Q30092476|A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Marattiopsida]]<ref name="ref_add02eabde36f087954f27e0f3017a01f0cc2862f557ba584f3a17ca60f9c54a">''[[:d:Q22305739|A Classification for Extant Ferns]]''</ref>
| [[File:Kingfern Auckland.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15711568|Q15711568]]
| [[Brachypoda]]
| Brachypoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_012eba0dbe37c7aa40587f8eabee8d9593a81bb50a0f2eb0ad19456c16f84c79">''[[:d:Q16958215|iNaturalist]]''</ref>
| [[Cephalocarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15715450|Q15715450]]
| [[Gigaspermales]]
| Gigaspermales
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15731102|Q15731102]]
| [[Pangalliformes]]
| Pangalliformes
| [[Galloanserae]]
| [[File:Sonnerathuhn.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15731194|Q15731194]]
| [[Neritoida]]
| Neritoida
| [[Neritopsina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15733603|Q15733603]]
| [[Myzostomida]]
| Myzostomida
| [[Polychaeta]]
| [[File:Myzostoma fuscomaculatum at Percys Hole detail.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15733614|Q15733614]]
| [[Acochlidioida]]
| Acochlidioida
| [[Gastropodos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15804153|Q15804153]]
| [[Cytophagales]]
| Cytophagales
| [[Cytophagia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813269|Q15813269]]
| [[Aspidodiadematoida]]
| Aspidodiadematoida
| [[Acroechinoidea]]
| [[File:Aspidodiadematid Okeanos.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15814583|Q15814583]]
| [[Hedwigiales]]
| Hedwigiales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Hedwigia ciliata (e, 145257-481420) 3454.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15831534|Q15831534]]
| [[Micropygoida]]
| Micropygoida
| [[Acroechinoidea]]
| [[File:Micropyga.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15838879|Q15838879]]
| [[Stomopneustoida]]
| Stomopneustoida
| [[Echinacea]]
| [[File:Glyptocidaris crenularis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15844744|Q15844744]]
| [[Echinoneoida]]
| Echinoneoida
| [[Irregularia]]
| [[File:Echinoneus cyclostomus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15846988|Q15846988]]
| [[Scombriformes]]
| Scombriformes<ref name="ref_79f1f26ded63a460c0d46c412334a400918dbacd3e474caf0eba5ec5d25c2cfb">''[[:d:Q51501899|A manual of the vertebrate animals of the northern United States]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Pelagiaria]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Barrilete negro (Euthynnus lineatus), San José del Cabo, Baja California, México, 2024-12-21, DD 16.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15921856|Q15921856]]
| [[Czekanowskiales]]
| Czekanowskiales
| [[Ginkgoopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15930378|Q15930378]]
| [[Enantiopoda]]
| Enantiopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Remipedia]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tesnusocaris goldichi.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15982601|Q15982601]]
| [[Euryalida]]
| Euryalida<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ophiuroidea]]<br/>[[Euryophiurida]]<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gorgeucnemis.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15991176|Q15991176]]
| [[Meridiolestida]]
| Meridiolestida
| [[Dryolestoidea]]
| [[File:Cronopio NT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16034823|Q16034823]]
| [[Sporochnales]]
| Sporochnales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sporochnus pedunculatus Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16080917|Q16080917]]
| [[Geroptera]]
| Geroptera
| [[Apodonatoptera]]<ref name="ref_756c75874c25e5e95891c28245b7cd715daa97e2217af118b4bc0333b7086f4b">''[[:d:Q110201126|New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16082294|Q16082294]]
| [[Vaucheriales]]
| Vaucheriales
| [[Xanthophyceae]]
| [[File:British sea-weeds - drawn from Professor Harvey's "Phycologia Britannica" (1872) (19797832143).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16159928|Q16159928]]
| [[Neomphalida]]
| Neomphalida
| [[Vetigastropoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16177038|Q16177038]]
| [[Coccidiniales]]
| Coccidiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16177729|Q16177729]]
| [[Solirubrobacterales]]
| Solirubrobacterales
| [[Thermoleophilia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16183435|Q16183435]]
| [[Opalinida]]
| Opalinida
| [[Opalinea]]
| [[File:Parasite140015-fig2 Protoopalina pingi (Opalinidae) Microscopy.tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16183713|Q16183713]]
| [[Archaeopterygiformes]]
| Archaeopterygiformes
| [[Eumaniraptora]]
| [[File:SArchaeopteryxBerlin2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16267082|Q16267082]]
| [[Eutreptiales]]
| Eutreptiales
| [[Euglenophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16294739|Q16294739]]
| [[Spariformes]]
| Spariformes<ref name="ref_f3cd2deb3f2a08b0af060ca6fc31cfc0387088f3a6847ee87839ee2553e4c587">''[[:d:Q5656891|Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sparus aurata Sardinia 1.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16349661|Q16349661]]
| [[Productida]]
| Productida
| [[Strophomenata]]
| [[File:Productid interior ventral Permian Texas.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16354454|Q16354454]]
| [[Dipterida]]
| Dipterida
| [[Dipnoi]]
| [[File:Dipterus valenciennesi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16360638|Q16360638]]
| [[Kutorginida]]
| Kutorginida
| [[Kutorginata]]
| [[File:Kutorgina cingulata.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16532115|Q16532115]]
| [[Archaediscida]]
| Archaediscida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16534832|Q16534832]]
| [[Capitellida]]
| Capitellida
| [[Scolecida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16542750|Q16542750]]
| [[Echinorhiniformes]]
| Echinorhiniformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Squalomorphi]]<br/>[[elasmobranchio]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Echinorhinus brucus1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16545466|Q16545466]]
| [[Cyrtocrinida]]
| Cyrtocrinida
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Holopus 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16545470|Q16545470]]
| [[Cyrtodontoida]]
| Cyrtodontida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
| [[File:InoceramusCretaceousSouthDakota.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16551177|Q16551177]]
| [[Echinothurioida]]
| Echinothurioida
| [[Euechinoidea]]
| [[File:Fire Urchin Asthenosoma varium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16556010|Q16556010]]
| [[Dendrocerotales]]
| Dendrocerotales
| [[Dendrocerotidae]]
| [[File:Dendroceros.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16558762|Q16558762]]
| [[Earlandiida]]
| Earlandiida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16562049|Q16562049]]
| [[Endothyrida]]
| Endothyrida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16570577|Q16570577]]
| [[Gallionellales]]
| Gallionellales
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Gallionella branched bands drawing.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16586882|Q16586882]]
| [[Komokiida]]
| Komokiida
| [[Monothalamia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16592376|Q16592376]]
| [[Loftusiida]]
| Loftusiida
| [[Textulariia]]
| [[File:Orbitolina texana.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16616011|Q16616011]]
| [[Parathuramminida]]
| Parathuramminida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16618753|Q16618753]]
| [[Phymatocerotales]]
| Phymatocerotales
| [[Dendrocerotidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16622864|Q16622864]]
| [[Pseudopalmulida]]
| Pseudopalmulida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16627084|Q16627084]]
| [[Rzehakinida]]
| Rzehakinida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16631423|Q16631423]]
| [[Echinolampadoida]]
| Echinolampadoida
| [[Neognathostomata]]
| [[File:Echinolampas depressa.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16632093|Q16632093]]
| [[Encrinida]]
| Encrinida
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Encrinus liliiformis 4.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16635184|Q16635184]]
| [[Eulipotyphla]]
| Eulipotyphla<ref name="ref_ac863dfe391d71559d950822fbfcf747b1d192925f0d887836aa680d3512e078">''[[:d:Q28206255|Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals]]''</ref>
| [[Laurasiatheria]]
| [[File:Eulipotyphla.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16636061|Q16636061]]
| [[Stannomida]]
| Stannomida
| [[Monothalamea]]<br/>[[Xenophyophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16636088|Q16636088]]
| [[Fervidicoccales]]
| Fervidicoccales<ref name="ref_3681aa678b8991b1188d54b8079f44333218e73d36ee8a78d7d74a1d071c99a6">''[[:d:Q33511185|Fervidicoccus fontis gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic crenarchaeote from terrestrial hot springs, and proposal of Fervidicoccaceae fam. nov. and Fervidicoccales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Thermoprotei]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16637151|Q16637151]]
| [[Synechococcales]]
| Synechococcales
| [[Synechococcophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aphanocapsa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16641929|Q16641929]]
| [[Tournayellida]]
| Tournayellida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16642616|Q16642616]]
| [[Hyocrinida]]
| Hyocrinida
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Calamocrinus diomedæ (Plate XXVIII) BHL4232451.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16666315|Q16666315]]
| [[Neozygitales]]
| Neozygitales
| [[Neozygitomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16670909|Q16670909]]
| [[Praecardioida]]
| Praecardioida
| [[Bivalvos]]
| [[File:InoceramusCretaceousSouthDakota.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16681141|Q16681141]]
| [[Trigonioida]]
| Trigonioida
| [[Molluscos]]
| [[File:Yaadia valentina.1 - Cretacico inferior.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16687464|Q16687464]]
| [[Ambiortiformes]]
| Ambiortiformes
| [[Palaeognathae]]
| [[File:Ambopteryx restoration.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16687636|Q16687636]]
| [[Dendroidea]]
| Dendroidea
| [[Graptolithina]]
| [[File:BMNH IMG 5568 Callograptus sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16687741|Q16687741]]
| [[Exogenida]]
| Exogenida
| [[Suctoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16687795|Q16687795]]
| [[Fusobacteriales]]
| Fusobacteriales<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Fusobacteriia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Fusobacterium novum 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16724409|Q16724409]]
| [[Otidiformes]]
| Otidiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Otidimorphae]]
| [[File:Dabao.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16829691|Q16829691]]
| [[Apostomatida]]
| Apostomatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligohymenophorea]]<br/>[[Apostomatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Collinia sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16831233|Q16831233]]
| [[Thalassiosirales]]
| Thalassiosirales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:"Diatoms cake". Typical diatom species - Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow in Cleve & Grunow.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16862740|Q16862740]]
| [[Shuotheridia]]
| Shuotheridia
| [[Mammaliaformes]]<ref name="ref_adfcdb5a39dbf810b4d86fd863bf5acbbe83907376fca93da04aa49f7cbc97fc">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07258-7</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16879206|Q16879206]]
| [[Bartramiales]]
| Bartramiales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Bartramia halleriana (b, 133241-465046) 6773.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16884986|Q16884986]]
| [[Multivalvulida]]
| Multivalvulida
| [[Myxosporea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Parasite150085-fig2 Kudoa septempunctata spores from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16886080|Q16886080]]
| [[Ontonychophora]]
| Ontonychophora
| [[Udeonychophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16888348|Q16888348]]
| [[Phosphatocopida]]
| Phosphatocopina
| [[Labrophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16888374|Q16888374]]
| [[Discinida]]
| Discinida
| [[Linguliformea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16889889|Q16889889]]
| [[Craniopsida]]
| Craniopsida
| [[Craniforma]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16893422|Q16893422]]
| [[Thelyphonida]]
| Thelyphonida<ref name="ref_a75156e404102f9a8ba4d067b3c66e7667629a0b0430ece4047230b29dfdf6ac">''[[:d:Q21054961|Order Thelyphonida Latreille, 1804]]''</ref>
| [[arachnido]]
| [[File:Whipscorpion.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16897745|Q16897745]]
| [[Hydrurales]]
| Hydrurales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16901960|Q16901960]]
| [[Fenestrata]]
| Fenestrata
| [[Stenolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16907681|Q16907681]]
| [[Trimerellida]]
| Trimerellida
| [[Craniforma]]
| [[File:Trimerella ohioensis (fossil brachiopod) (Lockport Dolomite, Middle Silurian; quarry in Ottawa County, Ohio, USA).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16910284|Q16910284]]
| [[Odontopterygiformes]]
| Odontopterygiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16910608|Q16910608]]
| [[Herpetosiphonales]]
| Herpetosiphonales<ref name="ref_2edee2e3546bec6d3e0c7baae65325c8aaff89bea2789ed2c0a149e0a6469269">''[[:d:Q45323635|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Chloroflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16920908|Q16920908]]
| [[Lipotyphla]]
| Lipotyphla
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[File:Ericulus nigrescens St.-Hilaire 1839.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16938484|Q16938484]]
| [[Gogiida]]
| Gogiida
| [[Eocrinoidea]]
| [[File:Gogia ojenai.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16948771|Q16948771]]
| [[Millerosauria]]
| Millerosauria
| [[Parareptilia]]
| [[File:Milleretta BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16948957|Q16948957]]
| [[Cladida]]
| Cladida
| [[Camerata]]<br/>[[Pentacrinoidea]]
| [[File:Ulrichicrinus coryphaeus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16963671|Q16963671]]
| [[Ignatiales]]
| Ignatiales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16976090|Q16976090]]
| [[Acrasida]]
| Acrasida
| [[Heterolobosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16982961|Q16982961]]
| [[Hematitida]]
| Hematitida
| [[Belemnoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16984006|Q16984006]]
| [[Kriegeriales]]
| Kriegeriales<ref name="ref_0bd50087ac085e8c0421ac3e90d778e9c8b89a5437a7d15e9248f6f2ffe9e3c3">''[[:d:Q30574760|Meredithblackwellia eburneagen. et sp. nov., Kriegeriaceae fam. nov. and Kriegeriales ord. nov.—toward resolving higher-level classification in Microbotryomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
| [[File:Meredithblackwellia-eburnea-colony.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16984369|Q16984369]]
| [[Lepidostromatales]]
| Lepidostromatales<ref name="ref_9b7b79e46b12d64625e53dd3bbc22c1699714af562c2842b6a5a66fc2be04664">''[[:d:Q54670524|Lepidostromatales, a new order of lichenized fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes), with two new genera, Ertzia and Sulzbacheromyces, and one new species, Lepidostroma winklerianum]]''</ref>
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Lepidostroma vilgalysii, type collection, in the field, 2007.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16985913|Q16985913]]
| [[Monobathrida]]
| Monobathrida
| [[Camerata]]
| [[File:Cactocrinus imperator - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC07702.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16989278|Q16989278]]
| [[Rigifilida]]
| Rigifilida<ref name="ref_fb9c90def3f007bbdae6ad17073635b559a5f6c834f42e84028b005517c22d1c">''[[:d:Q34297963|Rigifila ramosa n. gen., n. sp., a filose apusozoan with a distinctive pellicle, is related to Micronuclearia.]]''</ref>
| [[CRuMs]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16992591|Q16992591]]
| [[Skaracarida]]
| Skaracarida
| [[Copepodoida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16993560|Q16993560]]
| [[Yanornithiformes]]
| Yanornithiformes
| [[Ornithurae]]
| [[File:Yanornis recon.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17122355|Q17122355]]
| [[Albuginales]]
| Albuginales
| [[Oomycota]]
| [[File:Albugo candida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17125589|Q17125589]]
| [[Alexornithiformes]]
| Alexornithiformes<ref name="ref_be1e3af8b1a2c495eafcb20046f1edcdd6693d6de53da0cc6aff67e2269075d1">https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=txn:71346</ref>
| [[Euenantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17189347|Q17189347]]
| [[Opisthocomiformes]]
| Opisthocomiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Inopinaves]]
| [[File:Opisthocomus hoazin.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17189405|Q17189405]]
| [[Leptosomiformes]]
| Leptosomiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Cavitaves]]
| [[File:Leptosomusdiscolor.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17189557|Q17189557]]
| [[Mesitornithiformes]]
| Mesitornithiformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Columbimorphae]]
| [[File:Subdesert Mesite Male.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17259263|Q17259263]]
| [[Archidiales]]
| Archidiales
| [[Bryidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276476|Q17276476]]
| [[Bryoxiphiales]]
| Bryoxiphiales
| [[Dicranidae]]<br/>[[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276583|Q17276583]]
| [[Leucodontales]]
| Leucodontales
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276609|Q17276609]]
| [[Hypnodendrales]]
| Hypnodendrales
| [[Bryopsida]]
| [[File:Hypnodendron comosum community.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276620|Q17276620]]
| [[Diphysciales]]
| Diphysciales
| [[Diphysciidae]]
| [[File:Diphyscium foliosum (a, 113100-471926) 9518.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276632|Q17276632]]
| [[Hypnobryales]]
| Hypnobryales
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276672|Q17276672]]
| [[Isobryales]]
| Isobryales
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276680|Q17276680]]
| [[Lunulariales]]
| Lunulariales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Marchantiidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Lunularia cruciata065.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276737|Q17276737]]
| [[Ptilidiales]]
| Ptilidiales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Jungermanniidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ptilidium pulcherrimum.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276741|Q17276741]]
| [[Notothyladales]]
| Notothyladales
| [[Notothyladidae]]
| [[File:Phaeoceros laevis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276750|Q17276750]]
| [[Oedipodiales]]
| Oedipodiales
| [[Oedipodiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276792|Q17276792]]
| [[Pleuroziales]]
| Pleuroziales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Metzgeriidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pleurozia purpurea36373 580 360.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17277039|Q17277039]]
| [[Eubryales]]
| Eubryales
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17277084|Q17277084]]
| [[Takakiales]]
| Takakiales
| [[Takakiopsida]]
| [[File:Takakia lepidozioides.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17277238|Q17277238]]
| [[Timmiales]]
| Timmiales
| [[Timmiidae]]
| [[File:Timmia norvegica (a, 133246-471443) 4150.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17280209|Q17280209]]
| [[Heterodontiformes]]
| Heterodontiformes<ref name="ref_2e440cc0285a592cd9e99c53186474ef4b1cf2cea52af12b02df194fb28883fe">''[[:d:Q19402385|Pisces]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Galeomorphi]]<ref name="ref_e15368fd420c777ba2608cb300ef96bc5cf521014a821d17ae2db180d989550d">''[[:d:Q60731916|Fishes of the World]]''</ref>
| [[File:Heterodontus japonicus port of nagoya.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17300110|Q17300110]]
| [[Siphonocryptida]]
| Siphonocryptida<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Colobognatha]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Siphonocryptus zigzag holotype.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17330256|Q17330256]]
| [[Hymenostraca]]
| Hymenostraca
| [[Phyllocarida]]<ref name="ref_9e0928ecc952815f17e9827319a19df55f7a34988b1688d63d1924f3053e50d2">''[[:d:Q12345690|BioLib]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17400453|Q17400453]]
| [[Fossombroniales]]
| Fossombroniales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Pelliidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Fossombronia wondraczekii (b, 144804-474746) 7244.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17400609|Q17400609]]
| [[Pallaviciniales]]
| Pallaviciniales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Pelliidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pallavicinia xiphoides (Hook.f. and Tayl.) Trev. (AM AK298944).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17400765|Q17400765]]
| [[Porellales]]
| Porellales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Jungermanniidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Porella platyphylla.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17505518|Q17505518]]
| [[Astigmata]]
| Astigmata
| [[arachnido]]
| [[File:Sarraceniopus gibsoni 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17521922|Q17521922]]
| [[Centrarchiformes]]
| Centrarchiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]<br/>[[Percomorpha]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Centrarchus macropterus small.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17591711|Q17591711]]
| [[Scanilepiformes]]
| Scanilepiformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17633675|Q17633675]]
| [[Heterohelicida]]
| Heterohelicida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17716344|Q17716344]]
| [[Marsupiomonadales]]
| Marsupiomonadales<ref name="ref_96623d305fde75c602a84999502e257aa23c71d24d0eb405bbe2cb0c210bc583">''[[:d:Q29541169|Nested in the Chlorellales or Independent Class? Phylogeny and Classification of the Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) Revealed by Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Nuclear and Plastid-encoded rRNA Operons]]''</ref>
| [[Pedinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17747564|Q17747564]]
| [[Struthiornithiformes]]
| Struthiornithiformes
| [[Neornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17816503|Q17816503]]
| [[Arctocyonia]]
| Arctocyonia
| [[Placentarios]]
| [[File:Arctocyon DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18080801|Q18080801]]
| [[Perkinsida]]
| Perkinsida<ref name="ref_9e2b6f90ff9118ad204195d52bd1da21c9b5bfa6d4e469907af8a170fe632e24">''[[:d:Q105988928|Perkinsus gen. n. and Other New Taxa in the Protozoan Phylum Apicomplexa]]''</ref>
| [[Perkinsea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18156085|Q18156085]]
| [[Protospinaciformes]]
| Protospinaciformes
| [[Squalomorphi]]
| [[File:Protospinax annectens, Paläontologisches Museum München WB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18196332|Q18196332]]
| [[Arguloida]]
| Arguloida
| [[Branchiura]]
| [[File:Argulus coregoni tyoumdk01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18197480|Q18197480]]
| [[Apygophora]]
| Apygophora
| [[Maxillopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18199160|Q18199160]]
| [[Nippotaeniidea]]
| Nippotaeniidea
| [[Neoophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18228570|Q18228570]]
| [[Glomeridesmida]]
| Glomeridesmida<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Limacomorpha]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Termitodesmus ceylonicus dorsal.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18228577|Q18228577]]
| [[Stemmiulida]]
| Stemmiulida<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Diplopoda]]<br/>[[Nematophora]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[File:Stemmiulus beroni female and male.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18229004|Q18229004]]
| [[Laingiomedusae]]
| Laingiomedusae
| [[Hydrozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18231220|Q18231220]]
| [[Euharamiyida]]
| Euharamiyida
| [[Allotheria]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18282108|Q18282108]]
| [[Turniciformes]]
| Turniciformes
| [[Charadriiformes]]
| [[File:Paainted Buttonquail kobble08.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18346400|Q18346400]]
| [[Halisarcida]]
| Halisarcida
| [[Demospongiae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18353823|Q18353823]]
| [[Archidesmida]]
| Archidesmida
| [[Archipolypoda]]
| [[File:Archidesmus macnicoli 02.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18362044|Q18362044]]
| [[Blechnales]]
| Blechnales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
| [[File:Blechnum nipponicum sisigasira01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18426766|Q18426766]]
| [[Trichiales]]
| Trichiales<br/>Trichiida
| [[Myxomycetes]]<br/>[[Lucisporidia]]
| [[File:Destructed Trichiidae sporangia in Hokkaidō, Japan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18485081|Q18485081]]
| [[Cephalodiscoidea]]
| Cephalodiscoidea
| [[Graptolithoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18485296|Q18485296]]
| [[Sphaeropsidales]]
| Sphaeropsidales
| [[Coelomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18515959|Q18515959]]
| [[Hexamerocerata]]
| Hexamerocerata<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref>
| [[Pauropoda]]<ref name="ref_f8ad1347d57e7105fd7aadce9416e5ade090187180ef7ea4a024fd1a06bb4204">''[[:d:Q21055045|Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda]]''</ref><ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18534369|Q18534369]]
| [[Polybranchiaspiformes]]
| Polybranchiaspiformes
| [[Galeaspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18536931|Q18536931]]
| [[Siphoniulida]]
| Siphoniulida<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
| [[Diplopoda]]<br/>[[Nematophora]]<ref name="ref_ca21f415746648150e193896e2ee7444bdd75aca11096d9b712baf1a0d03d7fd">''[[:d:Q21061184|Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18544724|Q18544724]]
| [[Strigulales]]
| Strigulales
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
| [[File:Strigula (10.3897-mycokeys.19.11174) Figure 2e-i.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18544744|Q18544744]]
| [[Deferribacterales]]
| Deferribacterales
| [[Deferribacteres]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18544753|Q18544753]]
| [[Desulfurellales]]
| Desulfurellales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Campylobacterota]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18545964|Q18545964]]
| [[Discosporangiales]]
| Discosporangiales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Discosporangiophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Album général des Cryptogames, Pl. 141.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18547778|Q18547778]]
| [[Nectonematoidea]]
| Nectonematoidea
| [[Nematomorpha]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18549852|Q18549852]]
| [[Aquificales]]
| Aquificales
| [[Aquificia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Venenivibrio.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18549865|Q18549865]]
| [[Achnanthales]]
| Achnanthales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Cocconeis duplex.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18549867|Q18549867]]
| [[Leperditicopida]]
| Leperditicopida
| [[arthropodo]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18552460|Q18552460]]
| [[Bibymalagasia]]
| Bibymalagasia
| [[Afrotheria]]
| [[File:Plesiorycteropus madagascarensis.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18552493|Q18552493]]
| [[Archaeopteridales]]
| Archaeopteridales
| [[Progymnosperm]]
| [[File:Archaeopteris reconstruction.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18552830|Q18552830]]
| [[Capilloventrida]]
| Capilloventrida
| [[Clitellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18560225|Q18560225]]
| [[Cystiphyllida]]
| Cystiphyllida
| [[Rugosa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18565751|Q18565751]]
| [[Fissiculata]]
| Fissiculata
| [[Blastoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18566792|Q18566792]]
| [[Archaeocyathida]]
| Archaeocyathida
| [[Archaeocyatha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18571801|Q18571801]]
| [[Orthotetida]]
| Orthotetida
| [[Strophomenata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18571816|Q18571816]]
| [[Actinostromatida]]
| Actinostromatida
| [[Stromatoporoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18572672|Q18572672]]
| [[Fenestellida]]
| Fenestellida
| [[Bryozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18573102|Q18573102]]
| [[Loxodida]]
| Loxodida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Karyorelictea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Loxoda.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18573120|Q18573120]]
| [[Stauriida]]
| Stauriida
| [[Rugosa]]
| [[File:Gymnophyllum wardi - National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo - DSC07730.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18573556|Q18573556]]
| [[Lychniscosa]]
| Lychniscosa
| [[Hexactinellida]]
| [[File:Callodictyonidae - Plocoscyphia labrosa.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18575142|Q18575142]]
| [[Entodiniomorphida]]
| Entodiniomorphida
| [[Trichostomatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ophryoscolex spp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18575564|Q18575564]]
| [[Mystiornithiformes]]
| Mystiornithiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
| [[File:Bauxitornis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18575769|Q18575769]]
| [[Amoebidiales]]
| Amoebidiales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Ichthyosporea]]
| [[File:Amoebidium parasiticum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18577525|Q18577525]]
| [[Roveacrinida]]
| Roveacrinida
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Saccocoma2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18602888|Q18602888]]
| [[Lecanicephalidea]]
| Lecanicephalidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18604601|Q18604601]]
| [[Pleurobranchomorpha]]
| Pleurobranchomorpha
| [[Opisthobranchia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tomoberthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18606109|Q18606109]]
| [[Dactylogyridea]]
| Dactylogyridea
| [[Monopisthocotylea]]
| [[File:Parasite170078-fig2 Cichlidogyrus philander (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae).png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18606829|Q18606829]]
| [[Leucodictyida]]
| Leucodictyida
| [[Granofilosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18619487|Q18619487]]
| [[Ellimmichthyformes]]
| Ellimmichthyformes
| [[Clupeomorpha]]
| [[File:Diplomystus dentatus Green River Formation Wyoming.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18637031|Q18637031]]
| [[Seisonacea]]
| Seisonacea
| [[Pararotatoria]]<ref name="ref_c6231a1cba5a31be54bcd7e77ad91c3f46069dba01c5b69000f3c893f8261b93">''[[:d:Q18644400|Phylum Rotifera Cuvier, 1817]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18643193|Q18643193]]
| [[Parvularculales]]
| Parvularculales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18643218|Q18643218]]
| [[Orodontiformes]]
| Orodontiformes
| [[Paraselachimorpha]]
| [[File:Orodus sp1DB.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18643349|Q18643349]]
| [[Cardiobacteriales]]
| Cardiobacteriales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Cardiobacterium hominis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18644477|Q18644477]]
| [[Polyacanthorhynchida]]
| Polyacanthorhynchida
| [[Polyacanthocephala]]<ref name="ref_ec5fa21d16527256b5f3b40769ea14e0d69ce93ab2734773ebe2c914450ab010">''[[:d:Q18644461|Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18645615|Q18645615]]
| [[Methylophilales]]
| Methylophilales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18645923|Q18645923]]
| [[Aulacoseirales]]
| Aulacoseirales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Aulacoseira crenulata (Ehrenberg) Thwaites 1848.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18647632|Q18647632]]
| [[Endogenida]]
| Endogenida
| [[Suctoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18647863|Q18647863]]
| [[Surirellales]]
| Surirellales
| [[Bacillariophycidae]]
| [[File:Cymatopleura solea kramer 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18647885|Q18647885]]
| [[Climatiida]]
| Climatiida
| [[Acanthodii]]
| [[File:Climatius BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18648026|Q18648026]]
| [[Tabellariales]]
| Tabellariales
| [[Fragilariophyceae]]
| [[File:Tabellaria fenestrata.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18648039|Q18648039]]
| [[Rhopalodiales]]
| Rhopalodiales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Rhopalodia sp. 1925-img.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18654682|Q18654682]]
| [[Nassulida]]
| Nassulida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Nassophorea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Nassula.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18654688|Q18654688]]
| [[Phaeosphaerida]]
| Phaeosphaerida
| [[Phaeodaria]]
| [[File:Glassmodel von aulosphaera elegantissima.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18654728|Q18654728]]
| [[Eunotiales]]
| Eunotiales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Eunotia sp.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18667422|Q18667422]]
| [[Benthimermithida]]
| Benthimermithida
| [[Chromadorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18667437|Q18667437]]
| [[Mastigamoebida]]
| Mastigamoebida
| [[Archamoebea]]
| [[File:Entamoeba Coli trophozoite.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18667460|Q18667460]]
| [[Occlusosporidae]]
| Occlusosporida<ref name="ref_05b76844e293ed05b5e8d83c431f65580cf714a96e7fafa867717d1a6ed1c182">''[[:d:Q108899521|Classification of the Haplosporidia]]''</ref>
| [[Stellatosporea]]<ref name="ref_05b76844e293ed05b5e8d83c431f65580cf714a96e7fafa867717d1a6ed1c182">''[[:d:Q108899521|Classification of the Haplosporidia]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18667537|Q18667537]]
| [[Coleochaetales]]
| Coleochaetales
| [[Coleochaetophyceae]]
| [[File:British fresh-water algae, exclusive of Desmidieae and Diatomaceae (1882-1884) (20409523652).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18667822|Q18667822]]
| [[Phytodiniales]]
| Phytodiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668013|Q18668013]]
| [[Phragmophora]]
| Phragmophora
| [[Sagittoidea]]
| [[File:Chaetoblack.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668015|Q18668015]]
| [[Aphragmophora]]
| Aphragmophora
| [[Sagittoidea]]
| [[File:MEB back.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668315|Q18668315]]
| [[Aspidosiphoniformes]]
| Aspidosiphoniformes
| [[Phascolosomatidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668350|Q18668350]]
| [[Rhodocyclales]]
| Rhodocyclales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668438|Q18668438]]
| [[Methylococcales]]
| Methylococcales<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
| [[File:Methylomonas methanica EID.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668467|Q18668467]]
| [[Koralionastetales]]
| Koralionastetales<ref name="ref_479917edc727ac1737fbfe7665e05cca79cc0ad4023c70fb542d7e82b446edb8">''[[:d:Q33393119|Koralionastetales, a new order of marine Ascomycota in the Sordariomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668659|Q18668659]]
| [[Pedinomonadales]]
| Pedinomonadales<ref name="ref_3c0f3a963a088d120a69959b9fc365cfa2c88e1ff2fb9a600750e42be816fe53">''[[:d:Q100722396|FURTHER STUDIES OF PRESUMEDLY PRIMITIVE GREEN ALGAE, INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF PEDINOPHYCEAE CLASS. NOV. AND RESULTOR GEN. NOV.1]]''</ref>
| [[Pedinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18668733|Q18668733]]
| [[Halosphaerales]]
| Halosphaerales
| [[Prasinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18670046|Q18670046]]
| [[Thalassiophysales]]
| Thalassiophysales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Thalassiophysa rhipidis-Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18670531|Q18670531]]
| [[Lagenidiales]]
| Lagenidiales
| [[Phycomycetes]]<br/>[[Oomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18670620|Q18670620]]
| [[Klebsormidiales]]
| Klebsormidiales
| [[Klebsormidiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18674113|Q18674113]]
| [[Tribonematales]]
| Tribonematales<ref name="ref_012eba0dbe37c7aa40587f8eabee8d9593a81bb50a0f2eb0ad19456c16f84c79">''[[:d:Q16958215|iNaturalist]]''</ref>
| [[Xanthophyceae]]
| [[File:Tribonema marinum Feldmann 1941.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18674575|Q18674575]]
| [[Sphaerobacterales]]
| Sphaerobacterales
| [[Thermomicrobia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18674592|Q18674592]]
| [[Planctomycetales]]
| Planctomycetales<ref name="ref_7761e9eaf4b75abc4b24d4aa57bfbcc9f96af90c1efd04f9f092161bfb6ce230">''[[:d:Q58425394|Assignment of the genera Planctomyces and Pirella to a new family Planctomycetaceae fam. nov. and description of the order Planctomycetales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Planctomycetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Figure-2-Scanning-electron-micrograph-of-P.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18674820|Q18674820]]
| [[Craniida]]
| Craniida<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref>
| [[Craniforma]]<ref name="ref_f37f24b656cb23a9ca38b6885309672e3c7e8327e0dab838e55c494857e0a97e">''[[:d:Q18674784|Phylum Brachiopoda]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18674900|Q18674900]]
| [[Trimastigida]]
| Trimastigida<ref name="ref_614fb8f075f79819a8e5dacfa2ef160947f7237cfd6bac90b82407d11bdf8b00">''[[:d:Q30885386|The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Anaeromonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18674940|Q18674940]]
| [[Opisthopora]]
| Opisthopora
| [[Oligochaeta]]<br/>[[Metagynophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18675188|Q18675188]]
| [[Acanthopleuribacterales]]
| Acanthopleuribacterales<ref name="ref_ad9d145a47d4ad839b60d7f38a11bebfce5e33ebef47ed5a52dae3f35981a87f">''[[:d:Q33382663|Acanthopleuribacter pedis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a chiton, and description of Acanthopleuribacteraceae fam. nov., Acanthopleuribacterales ord. nov., Holophagaceae fam. nov., Holophagales ord. nov. and Holophagae classi]]''</ref>
| [[Holophagae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18676689|Q18676689]]
| [[Fragilariales]]
| Fragilariales
| [[Fragilariophyceae]]
| [[File:Asterionella formosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18676939|Q18676939]]
| [[Kordiimonadales]]
| Kordiimonadales<ref name="ref_568e65fda05e3b7e6528ae48e724722e9159511ae03395d62705f9862be1fa46">''[[:d:Q31004881|Kordiimonas gwangyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from marine sediments that forms a distinct phyletic lineage (Kordiimonadales ord. nov.) in the 'Alphaproteobacteria'.]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18679042|Q18679042]]
| [[Dictyochales]]
| Dictyochales<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[Dictyochophyceae]]
| [[File:Dictyocha speculum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18679060|Q18679060]]
| [[Rhizochromulinales]]
| Rhizochromulinales
| [[Actinochrysea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18679087|Q18679087]]
| [[Melosirales]]
| Melosirales<ref name="ref_3313edb8167a03a0961922a8b4ccb9c146cc2557ac039a6b8c0ba875bb9f66ec">''[[:d:Q51885189|Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera]]''</ref><ref name="ref_012eba0dbe37c7aa40587f8eabee8d9593a81bb50a0f2eb0ad19456c16f84c79">''[[:d:Q16958215|iNaturalist]]''</ref>
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Melosira varians Ag.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18679146|Q18679146]]
| [[Echinamoebida]]
| Echinamoebida
| [[Tubulinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18680884|Q18680884]]
| [[Cathetocephalidea]]
| Cathetocephalidea
| [[Cestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18681203|Q18681203]]
| [[Rhinebothriidea]]
| Rhinebothriidea
| [[Cestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18681334|Q18681334]]
| [[Polystilifera]]
| Polystilifera
| [[Hoplonemertea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18681346|Q18681346]]
| [[Gyrodactylidea]]
| Gyrodactylidea
| [[Monopisthocotylea]]
| [[File:Gyrodactylus alexanderi on Gasterosteus aculeatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18681411|Q18681411]]
| [[Spathebothriidea]]
| Spathebothriidea
| [[Cestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18681414|Q18681414]]
| [[Litobothriidea]]
| Litobothriidea
| [[Cestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18683483|Q18683483]]
| [[Piroplasmorida]]
| Piroplasmorida
| [[Haematozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18690145|Q18690145]]
| [[Scalpelliformes]]
| Scalpelliformes
| [[Thoracica]]
| [[File:Pollicipes pollicipes.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18690380|Q18690380]]
| [[Oegopsida]]
| Oegopsida
| [[Decapodiformes]]
| [[File:Giant Squid NASA.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18692934|Q18692934]]
| [[Lepidopleurida]]
| Lepidopleurida
| [[Neoloricata]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leptochiton asellus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18693228|Q18693228]]
| [[Diplostomida]]
| Diplostomida
| [[Digenea]]
| [[File:Page210a.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18706648|Q18706648]]
| [[Trilophosauria]]
| Trilophosauria
| [[Archosauromorpha]]
| [[File:Trilophosaurus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18706745|Q18706745]]
| [[Pseudanabaenales]]
| Pseudanabaenales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leptolyngbya sp..jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18707562|Q18707562]]
| [[Euthycarcinida]]
| Euthycarcinida
| [[Euthycarcinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18707694|Q18707694]]
| [[Cathayornithiformes]]
| Cathayornithiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18708009|Q18708009]]
| [[Astraspidiformes]]
| Astraspidiformes
| [[Astraspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18710371|Q18710371]]
| [[Gelyelloida]]
| Gelyelloida
| [[Podoplea]]
| [[File:Gelyella monardi Museum de Genève.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18711792|Q18711792]]
| [[Diplonemida]]
| Diplonemida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6a3224ed9e9612f3b161f90deafb215ffecae36153e66735b907fd7bacda7748">''[[:d:Q24634634|Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla]]''</ref>
| [[Diplonemea]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18711832|Q18711832]]
| [[Sceptrulophora]]
| Sceptrulophora
| [[Hexasterophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18816667|Q18816667]]
| [[Myopsida]]
| Myopsida
| [[Decapodiformes]]
| [[File:Loligo forbesii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18821512|Q18821512]]
| [[Prymnesiales]]
| Prymnesiales
| [[Prymnesiophycidae]]
| [[File:HaptonemaChrysochromulinaFL.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18845145|Q18845145]]
| [[Moraniales]]
| Moraniales
| [[Nostocophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18916507|Q18916507]]
| [[Peranemida]]
| Peranemida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Peranemia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18916511|Q18916511]]
| [[Euglenida]]
| Euglenida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Euglenophycidae]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref><br/>[[Euglenoidea]]
| [[File:Ehrenberg euglena viridis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18924862|Q18924862]]
| [[Ephedrales]]
| Ephedrales<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Gnetophyta]]<ref name="ref_e7c32bf06f270365c7c10b40d8dd0726f5acc3d9f38c7ed8612deb66e50cfb95">''[[:d:Q18920913|A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms]]''</ref><br/>[[Ephedridae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ephedra distachya.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19273846|Q19273846]]
| [[Trypanosomatida]]
| Trypanosomatida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Metakinetoplastina]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Trypanosoma sp. PHIL 613 lores.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19318156|Q19318156]]
| [[Octactinellida]]
| Octactinellida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Heteractinida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19318174|Q19318174]]
| [[Hetairacyathida]]
| Hetairacyathida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Heteractinida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327004|Q19327004]]
| [[Protomonaxonida]]
| Protomonaxonida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Clavaxinellida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327082|Q19327082]]
| [[Plakinida]]
| Plakinida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Choristida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327103|Q19327103]]
| [[Pachastrellida]]
| Pachastrellida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Choristida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327128|Q19327128]]
| [[Ancorinida]]
| Ancorinida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Choristida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327149|Q19327149]]
| [[Craniellida]]
| Craniellida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Choristida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327198|Q19327198]]
| [[Streptosclerophorida]]
| Streptosclerophorida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Tetractinomorpha]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327330|Q19327330]]
| [[Vaceletida]]
| Vaceletida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Ceractinomorpha]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327353|Q19327353]]
| [[Sigmatosclerophorida]]
| Sigmatosclerophorida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Ceractinomorpha]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327496|Q19327496]]
| [[Megalithistida]]
| Megalithistida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Lithistida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327522|Q19327522]]
| [[Axinellida]]
| Axinellida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Axinella polypoides by Line1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327567|Q19327567]]
| [[Monalithistida]]
| Monalithistida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Lithistida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327640|Q19327640]]
| [[Spirosclerophorida]]
| Spirosclerophorida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Lithistida]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19327872|Q19327872]]
| [[Sphaerocladina]]
| Sphaerocladina<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bda8dd090aee8bc494671d683854b0e3c1086889bafc4ce1240a2874d4aa02a0">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=845457</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_bda8dd090aee8bc494671d683854b0e3c1086889bafc4ce1240a2874d4aa02a0">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=845457</ref>
| [[File:Vetulina (10.1007-s12526-017-0658-7) Figure 3.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19328311|Q19328311]]
| [[Sycettida]]
| Sycettida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Calcaronea]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19328554|Q19328554]]
| [[Stellispongiida]]
| Stellispongiida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Calcaronea]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19328570|Q19328570]]
| [[Sphaerocoeliida]]
| Sphaerocoeliida<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Calcaronea]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19329038|Q19329038]]
| [[Hemidiscosa]]
| Hemidiscosa<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
| [[Amphidiscophora]]<ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19372238|Q19372238]]
| [[Carbotriplurida]]
| Carbotriplurida
| [[Dicondylia]]<ref name="ref_9258fe48d3ceca79c12eaf3fe84ba3c67f2de11bbc29b276398a9c591be01b6d">''[[:d:Q54704052|Neither silverfish nor fowl: the enigmatic Carboniferous Carbotriplura kukalovae Kluge, 1996 (Insecta: Carbotriplurida) is the putative fossil sister group of winged insects (Insecta: Pterygota)]]''</ref><br/>[[Paranotalia]]<ref name="ref_18fc2a99f68c76b2c0c277b7532af049a6ff8e684ad72a4e0d7b5a4bff719d1b">''[[:d:Q56940988|Revision of the giant pterygote insect Bojophlebia prokopi Kukalová-Peck, 1985 (Hydropalaeoptera: Bojophlebiidae) from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic, with the first cladistic analysis of fossil palaeopterous insects]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19507280|Q19507280]]
| [[Gemmatimonadales]]
| Gemmatimonadales
| [[Gemmatimonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19509894|Q19509894]]
| [[Syntonopterida]]
| Syntonopterida
| [[Pterygota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19567380|Q19567380]]
| [[Lithornithiformes]]
| Lithornithiformes
| [[Palaeognathae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19595514|Q19595514]]
| [[Conocardiida]]
| Conocardiida
| [[Rostroconchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19595560|Q19595560]]
| [[Arthropleurida]]
| Arthropleurida<ref name="ref_8e476256da2b0c483fd07481bf50dc1347974cd8f1732b3dc9078aa1c3f52194">''[[:d:Q113540853|Études des gîtes minéraux de la France. Bassin houiller de la Sarre et de la Lorraine. 2, Faune fossile. Étude de la faune continentale du terrain houiller sarro-lorrain]]''</ref>
| [[Arthropleuridea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19622322|Q19622322]]
| [[Iberomesornithiformes]]
| Iberomesornithiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19652150|Q19652150]]
| [[Skleroptera]]
| Skleroptera<ref name="ref_59ca93fbf7c600187b6792241d36d16fb6e3e6c4b71dc9ed6340cdd1a7ea3a36">''[[:d:Q107057335|Skleroptera, a new order of holometabolous insects (Insecta) from the Carboniferous]]''</ref>
| [[Holometabola]]<br/>[[Coleopterida]]<ref name="ref_59ca93fbf7c600187b6792241d36d16fb6e3e6c4b71dc9ed6340cdd1a7ea3a36">''[[:d:Q107057335|Skleroptera, a new order of holometabolous insects (Insecta) from the Carboniferous]]''</ref><br/>[[Coleopteroidea]]<ref name="ref_3b041b8940889283b7736a24e58f8ce0d692c5bfdf22bdf581a157ca99478b5d">''[[:d:Q110445386|Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea]]''</ref>
| [[File:Stephanastus polinae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19655097|Q19655097]]
| [[Schwickertoptera]]
| Schwickertoptera<ref name="ref_e471dba81bf58e700d7b28c31f04899f47bea3a9cd0c21563fe42a276e542697">''[[:d:Q56941069|The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil]]''</ref>
| [[Neuropterida]]<ref name="ref_e471dba81bf58e700d7b28c31f04899f47bea3a9cd0c21563fe42a276e542697">''[[:d:Q56941069|The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19668484|Q19668484]]
| [[Haloplasmatales]]
| Haloplasmatales<ref name="ref_6bcbed2177c33fdadb2c68a60a8a1eee555f385b8871cdcf11ce9722a97283e0">''[[:d:Q45318773|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Mollicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19671408|Q19671408]]
| [[Procabacteriales]]
| Procabacteriales
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19672751|Q19672751]]
| [[Nautiliales]]
| Nautiliales<ref name="ref_11b652a6f8d9e2e055f6f9b67cff2e9858026054e675249c007b8d37f1324c14">''[[:d:Q30890350|Caminibacter profundus sp. nov., a novel thermophile of Nautiliales ord. nov. within the class 'Epsilonproteobacteria', isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.]]''</ref>
| [[Epsilonproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19684624|Q19684624]]
| [[Mariprofundales]]
| Mariprofundales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1 cell and stalk TEM image.tiff|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19750467|Q19750467]]
| [[Dileptida]]
| Dileptida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Rhynchostomatia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19752322|Q19752322]]
| [[Labyrinthulales]]
| Labyrinthulales
| [[Labyrinthulomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19753259|Q19753259]]
| [[Synergistales]]
| Synergistales
| [[Synergistia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19776301|Q19776301]]
| [[Mesostigmales]]
| Mesostigmales
| [[Mesostigmatophyceae]]
| [[File:Mesostigma viride 534857918.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19776310|Q19776310]]
| [[Omnivoropterygiformes]]
| Omnivoropterygiformes<ref name="ref_3313edb8167a03a0961922a8b4ccb9c146cc2557ac039a6b8c0ba875bb9f66ec">''[[:d:Q51885189|Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera]]''</ref>
| [[ave]]<ref name="ref_3313edb8167a03a0961922a8b4ccb9c146cc2557ac039a6b8c0ba875bb9f66ec">''[[:d:Q51885189|Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19776311|Q19776311]]
| [[Yalkaparidontia]]
| Yalkaparidontia<ref name="ref_fdde7bb1f286cdf29b3c8e0d1ba2266a31afacfbae9357070d7e3851a01fd32b">''[[:d:Q61648606|A New Order of Tertiary Zalambdodont Marsupials]]''</ref>
| [[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19817098|Q19817098]]
| [[Cheirolepiformes]]
| Cheirolepiformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19823607|Q19823607]]
| [[Myllokunmingiida]]
| Myllokunmingiida
| [[Agnatha]]
| [[File:Myllokunmingia.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19823819|Q19823819]]
| [[Microsporales]]
| Microsporales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19832802|Q19832802]]
| [[Chondrenchelyiformes]]
| Chondrenchelyiformes
| [[Holocephalimorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19832805|Q19832805]]
| [[Peripodida]]
| Peripodida<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref><ref name="ref_01c969f1c18666da98589a1eec52668bd195d78f22d9403986ab3a4216de6d01">''[[:d:Q54505094|A new class of Echinodermata from New Zealand]]''</ref>
| [[Concentricycloidea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Xyloplax janetae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19833395|Q19833395]]
| [[Limnofilida]]
| Limnofilida<ref name="ref_14886f064fd3e8d6603904119a2abb5efcd12a32fc456a01e383326b639c7b7a">''[[:d:Q28298706|Phylogeny of novel naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea revised]]''</ref>
| [[Granofilosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19833402|Q19833402]]
| [[Lycopteriformes]]
| Lycopteriformes
| [[Osteoglossomorpha]]
| [[File:Fossil Lycoptera.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19833404|Q19833404]]
| [[Megalichthyiformes]]
| Megalichthyiformes
| [[Tetrapodomorpha]]
| [[File:Megalichthys hibberti.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839001|Q19839001]]
| [[Moniliellales]]
| Moniliellales
| [[Moniliellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839075|Q19839075]]
| [[Synchromales]]
| Synchromales
| [[Synchromophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839167|Q19839167]]
| [[Redfieldiiformes]]
| Redfieldiiformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
| [[File:Redfieldius gracilis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839177|Q19839177]]
| [[Psammodontiformes]]
| Psammodontiformes
| [[Holocephalimorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839280|Q19839280]]
| [[Parasemionotiformes]]
| Parasemionotiformes
| [[Halecomorphi]]
| [[File:Parasemionotus labordei 7.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839479|Q19839479]]
| [[Strabopida]]
| Strabopida
| [[arthropodo]]
| [[File:Strabops thatcheri fossil aglaspidid. Potosi Dolomite, Upper Cambrian.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839483|Q19839483]]
| [[Palaeopantopoda]]
| Palaeopantopoda<ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
| [[Pycnogonida]]<ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839497|Q19839497]]
| [[Cryptofilida]]
| Cryptofilida<ref name="ref_14886f064fd3e8d6603904119a2abb5efcd12a32fc456a01e383326b639c7b7a">''[[:d:Q28298706|Phylogeny of novel naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea revised]]''</ref>
| [[Granofilosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839527|Q19839527]]
| [[Mollisoniida]]
| Mollisoniida<ref name="ref_d5764da24ddab5cbf55e415164d2e995c8f38be5d94c358bdd6adf0f9402fdd5">''[[:d:Q106699177|New exceptionally preserved panarthropods from the Drumian Wheeler Konservat‐Lagerstätte of the House Range of Utah]]''</ref>
| [[Chelicerata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19841494|Q19841494]]
| [[Leptolepiformes]]
| Leptolepiformes
| [[Teleostei]]
| [[File:Leptolepides sprattiformis 322333.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19841917|Q19841917]]
| [[Helodontiformes]]
| Helodontiformes
| [[Paraselachimorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19842457|Q19842457]]
| [[Guildayichthyiformes]]
| Guildayichthyiformes
| [[Cladistia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19842583|Q19842583]]
| [[Sinoburiida]]
| Sinoburiida
| [[Petalopleura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19842612|Q19842612]]
| [[Metopiida]]
| Metopiida
| [[Filosa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19844643|Q19844643]]
| [[Philasterida]]
| Philasterida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligohymenophorea]]<br/>[[Scuticociliatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Uronema nigricans - 400x (13464953765).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19844664|Q19844664]]
| [[Luganoiiformes]]
| Luganoiiformes
| [[Chondrostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19844782|Q19844782]]
| [[Desulfarculales]]
| Desulfarculales<ref name="ref_69868936193b78c8509bc87f6072186cd07dee976a267d00103e45418b387dc7">''[[:d:Q45316293|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Desulfarculia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19844805|Q19844805]]
| [[Copodontiformes]]
| Copodontiformes
| [[Holocephalimorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19844916|Q19844916]]
| [[Aspidorhychiformes]]
| Aspidorhychiformes
| [[Neopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19845007|Q19845007]]
| [[Aspidorhynchiformes]]
| Aspidorhynchiformes
| [[Teleostei]]
| [[File:Aspidorhynchus acustirostris.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19887835|Q19887835]]
| [[Cladoselachiformes]]
| Cladoselachiformes
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
| [[File:Early Shark.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19888112|Q19888112]]
| [[Phaeocystales]]
| Phaeocystales<ref name="ref_802acaa704182f044c5fde26b8cc8b7b63c1c9c3d15f61f10a60433407ac57fa">''[[:d:Q110221064|Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and available morphological data]]''</ref>
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
| [[File:Schaum von Phaeocystis globosa.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19888495|Q19888495]]
| [[Ottoiomorpha]]
| Ottoiomorpha
| [[Priapulida]]
| [[File:Ottoia burrowing.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19890834|Q19890834]]
| [[Arandaspidida]]
| Arandaspidida
| [[Pteraspidomorphi]]
| [[File:Arandaspis prionotolepis fossil.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19891296|Q19891296]]
| [[Urodela]]
| Urodela
| [[Caudata]]
| [[File:Seminobatrachus boltischki F06 135.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962467|Q19962467]]
| [[Adinetida]]
| Adinetida
| [[Bdelloidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962489|Q19962489]]
| [[Aspidogastrida]]
| Aspidogastrida
| [[Aspidogastrea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962500|Q19962500]]
| [[Capsalidea]]
| Capsalidea
| [[Monopisthocotylea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962528|Q19962528]]
| [[Chordodea]]
| Chordodea
| [[Gordioida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962552|Q19962552]]
| [[Diclybothriidea]]
| Diclybothriidea
| [[Oligonchoinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962559|Q19962559]]
| [[Ectobranchia]]
| Ectobranchia
| [[Heterobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962570|Q19962570]]
| [[Mazocreaidea]]
| Mazocreaidea
| [[Oligonchoinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962575|Q19962575]]
| [[Microcoryphia]]
| Microcoryphia
| [[insecto]]
| [[File:Machilinus rupestris. Microcoryphia Meinertellidae - Flickr - gailhampshire.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962613|Q19962613]]
| [[Cyanophorales]]
| Cyanophorales
| [[Glaucocystophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962620|Q19962620]]
| [[Nerillida]]
| Nerillida
| [[Polychaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962629|Q19962629]]
| [[Notostigmata]]
| Notostigmata
| [[Anactinotrichida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962631|Q19962631]]
| [[Philodinavida]]
| Philodinavida
| [[Bdelloidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962636|Q19962636]]
| [[Philodinida]]
| Philodinida
| [[Bdelloidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962640|Q19962640]]
| [[Picimorphes]]
| Picimorphes
| [[Picimorphae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962644|Q19962644]]
| [[Proboscoida]]
| Proboscoida
| [[Leptothecata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962656|Q19962656]]
| [[Strigeida]]
| Strigeida
| [[Digenea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962661|Q19962661]]
| [[Tetamerocerata]]
| Tetamerocerata
| [[Pauropoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19962675|Q19962675]]
| [[Tetrabothriidea]]
| Tetrabothriidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
| [[File:Tetrabothrius intrepidus.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20010908|Q20010908]]
| [[Pustulosida]]
| Pustulosida
| [[Asteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20011719|Q20011719]]
| [[Sipunculiformes]]
| Sipunculiformes
| [[Sipunculidea]]
| [[File:Sipunculus nudus Japan.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20011911|Q20011911]]
| [[Palaeoisopoda]]
| Palaeoisopoda<ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
| [[Pycnogonida]]<ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20011921|Q20011921]]
| [[Nectopantopoda]]
| Nectopantopoda<ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
| [[Pycnogonida]]<ref name="ref_28227edb99fa4bc1a524b8e8d4fd261041534218c0d148952811c4ff49aa715d">''[[:d:Q20011904|Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20035924|Q20035924]]
| [[Chaetodermatida]]
| Chaetodermatida
| [[Caudofoveata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20055309|Q20055309]]
| [[Muspiceida]]
| Muspiceida
| [[Enoplea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072830|Q20072830]]
| [[Archaeostraca]]
| Archaeostraca
| [[Phyllocarida]]
| [[File:Nahecaris stuertzi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20403870|Q20403870]]
| [[Gobiiformes]]
| Gobiiformes<ref name="ref_ad1e79b3d67249e4adc2cd5f018d9855589ec3018311664b89eeb128048c4cc4">http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?src=0&id=201882</ref>
| [[Gobiaria]]<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cryptocentrus cinctus.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20471184|Q20471184]]
| [[Trichasteropsida]]
| Trichasteropsida<ref name="ref_944a1a2debfbb4cc201978dc36c418cc536f4b98502a8f865564050a83c4ba40">''[[:d:Q56170790|A classification and phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)]]''</ref>
| [[Forcipulatacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20604429|Q20604429]]
| [[Podicipediformes]]
| Podicipediformes<ref name="ref_78b47291c0dd6e5173ebe92d807c354d3e1151fe5d647c93e9876c1d452e713f">''[[:d:Q27042747|IOC World Bird List Version 6.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_43c4be1e7a0e8e16fe1d7d313e2c3d2135be0eea9fbd009e3978efed469b1674">''[[:d:Q27907675|IOC World Bird List Version 6.4]]''</ref><ref name="ref_564ad4a35529977276f5df09652cc9788cb3b659e772f52f97b7a69e5a603205">''[[:d:Q28971563|IOC World Bird List Version 7.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_266fcb1bcf1f83500e47dc964480b1abf5bf69e09fc2dd5d9b57347bbaabaad1">''[[:d:Q29937193|IOC World Bird List Version 7.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_56f56aeaf68793da280086a33452bd3feaa50bc613807c2b86a0bfa262ca31df">''[[:d:Q38258000|IOC World Bird List Version 7.3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7fb09d9af26132096ff14dd4ef58ffb60b45e0768da21314279f13d5d338079">''[[:d:Q53908065|IOC World Bird List Version 8.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1a04f3e8a02e2f0067f21bdedf92bd06b2e80ff85eadd8bb9590d073c9dcbd4c">''[[:d:Q56180957|IOC World Bird List Version 8.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b7131d5524efffceb73c1152c6ac776b7173ee57b206b02fc8dd5b15ee984e78">''[[:d:Q61018800|IOC World Bird List Version 9.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a3c926eefcbad41afe10b925c2d6828b77f009127f1ad218304f36d439df8393">''[[:d:Q65961410|IOC World Bird List Version 9.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6397691e9a04867daffb17c105db161cd56acafd886415cad59d0d45fb7f1e35">''[[:d:Q83589462|IOC World Bird List Version 10.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_45fffc643465cf2c3059569cd5f7c6f78f16ce2a27a7ef8f1d7f646b75b2b33a">''[[:d:Q98069412|IOC World Bird List Version 10.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_97a6951a2d81c2fdb35ed9d72113c3e7b5f3fa4708b0b1b9fc2f90bf53e1a784">''[[:d:Q105870418|IOC World Bird List Version 11.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Mirandornithes]]
| [[File:Podiceps griseigena 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20639356|Q20639356]]
| [[Cathartiformes]]
| Cathartiformes
| [[Accipitrimorphae]]
| [[File:California Condor.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20643849|Q20643849]]
| [[Thermodesulfobacteriales]]
| Thermodesulfobacteriales
| [[Thermodesulfobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20643994|Q20643994]]
| [[Anaerolineales]]
| Anaerolineales
| [[Anaerolineae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20666202|Q20666202]]
| [[Ampelocrinida]]
| Ampelocrinida
| [[Articulata]]
| [[File:Calceolispongia hindei.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20667009|Q20667009]]
| [[Helcionellida]]
| Helcionellida
| [[Helcionelloida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20670868|Q20670868]]
| [[Centrales]]
| Centrales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Diatomeas centrales.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20675800|Q20675800]]
| [[Plasmodiophorida]]
| Plasmodiophorida
| [[Phytomyxea]]
| [[File:Plasmodiophora brassicae on cauliflower, Knolvoet bij bloemkool (6).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683351|Q20683351]]
| [[Traquairaspidiformes]]
| Traquairaspidiformes
| [[Heterostraci]]
| [[File:Traquairaspis campbelli.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20686382|Q20686382]]
| [[Cyathaspidida]]
| Cyathaspidida
| [[Heterostraci]]
| [[File:Cyathaspis banksii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20719736|Q20719736]]
| [[Schlumbergerinida]]
| Schlumbergerinida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20721315|Q20721315]]
| [[Holophagales]]
| Holophagales<ref name="ref_ad9d145a47d4ad839b60d7f38a11bebfce5e33ebef47ed5a52dae3f35981a87f">''[[:d:Q33382663|Acanthopleuribacter pedis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a chiton, and description of Acanthopleuribacteraceae fam. nov., Acanthopleuribacterales ord. nov., Holophagaceae fam. nov., Holophagales ord. nov. and Holophagae classi]]''</ref>
| [[Holophagae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Holophaga foetida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20721828|Q20721828]]
| [[Kurtiformes]]
| Kurtiformes<ref name="ref_7cc870d4a7280a340235a051f6521b358e5a79c3b805a7f6acecd7a93deb6039">''[[:d:Q51454312|Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Percomorpha]]<br/>[[Gobiaria]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ichthyologie; ou, Histoire naturelle des poissons (Plate 169) (6918416854).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20722173|Q20722173]]
| [[Zoanthidea]]
| Zoanthidea
| [[Anthozoa]]
| [[File:Parazoanth3.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724864|Q20724864]]
| [[Hupehsuchia]]
| Hupehsuchia
| [[Diapsida]]
| [[File:HupehsuchusNanchangensis-PaleozoologicalMuseumOfChina-May23-08.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20731890|Q20731890]]
| [[Incertae]]
| Incertae
| [[Teleostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20735479|Q20735479]]
| [[Leptothecatae]]
| Leptothecatae<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Hydroidolina]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20735649|Q20735649]]
| [[Cyrtophorida]]
| Cyrtophorida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Phyllopharyngea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20738632|Q20738632]]
| [[Coelocanthiformes]]
| Coelocanthiformes
| [[Actinistia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20738886|Q20738886]]
| [[Elusimicrobiales]]
| Elusimicrobiales
| [[Elusimicrobia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20739307|Q20739307]]
| [[Cellvibrionales]]
| Cellvibrionales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20739319|Q20739319]]
| [[Magnetococcales]]
| Magnetococcales<ref name="ref_0c1dd6378ef39af9db8588b7cd6c5b4b08536de04ba1079a9859ce028a6b2bb0">''[[:d:Q34267532|Magnetococcus marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine, magnetotactic bacterium that represents a novel lineage (Magnetococcaceae fam. nov., Magnetococcales ord. nov.) at the base of the Alphaproteobacteria]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20751925|Q20751925]]
| [[Nitrospirales]]
| Nitrospirales
| [[Nitrospiria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20804649|Q20804649]]
| [[Amphitheriida]]
| Amphitheriida
| [[Dryolestoidea]]
| [[File:Amphitherium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20804802|Q20804802]]
| [[Caldisericales]]
| Caldisericales
| [[Caldisericia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20857155|Q20857155]]
| [[Permoplectoptera]]
| Permoplectoptera
| [[Ephemerida]]<ref name="ref_18fc2a99f68c76b2c0c277b7532af049a6ff8e684ad72a4e0d7b5a4bff719d1b">''[[:d:Q56940988|Revision of the giant pterygote insect Bojophlebia prokopi Kukalová-Peck, 1985 (Hydropalaeoptera: Bojophlebiidae) from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic, with the first cladistic analysis of fossil palaeopterous insects]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20894417|Q20894417]]
| [[Sagenocrinida]]
| Sagenocrinida
| [[Crinoidea]]
| [[File:Sagenocrinida - Forbesiocrinus.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20895390|Q20895390]]
| [[Armatimonadales]]
| Armatimonadales
| [[Armatimonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20895708|Q20895708]]
| [[Haplopharyngida]]
| Haplopharyngida
| [[Macrostomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20900400|Q20900400]]
| [[Galeaspidiformes]]
| Galeaspidiformes
| [[Galeaspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20922100|Q20922100]]
| [[Debeeriiformes]]
| Debeeriiformes
| [[Paraselachimorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20922309|Q20922309]]
| [[Devonobiomorpha]]
| Devonobiomorpha
| [[Phylactrometria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20925038|Q20925038]]
| [[Palaechinoidea]]
| Palaechinoidea
| [[Echinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20932030|Q20932030]]
| [[Eosauropterygia]]
| Eosauropterygia
| [[Sauropterygia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20962746|Q20962746]]
| [[Mitrosagophora]]
| Mitrosagophora
| [[animal]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20970667|Q20970667]]
| [[Myalinida]]
| Myalinida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20976269|Q20976269]]
| [[Pleurotomariida]]
| Pleurotomariida
| [[Vetigastropoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pleurotomaria delagei (MNHN-IM-2000-4940).jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20977799|Q20977799]]
| [[Fonticulida]]
| Fonticulida
| [[Cristidiscoidea]]
| [[File:Fonticula.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20986465|Q20986465]]
| [[Modiomorphida]]
| Modiomorphida
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Saffordia sp. from Mount Horeb, Wisconsin.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20991282|Q20991282]]
| [[Afghanodesmatida]]
| Afghanodesmatida
| [[Protobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20991814|Q20991814]]
| [[Jeholornithiformes]]
| Jeholornithiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20992656|Q20992656]]
| [[Enantiornithiformes]]
| Enantiornithiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20993405|Q20993405]]
| [[Vampirovibrionales]]
| Vampirovibrionales
| [[Vampirovibrionophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20993633|Q20993633]]
| [[Lentisphaerales]]
| Lentisphaerales
| [[Lentisphaeria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21008910|Q21008910]]
| [[Colpomyida]]
| Colpomyida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21009622|Q21009622]]
| [[Nuculida]]
| Nuculida
| [[Protobranchia]]
| [[File:Acila cobboldiae-outside.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21010422|Q21010422]]
| [[Platyasterida]]
| Platyasterida
| [[Asteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21011993|Q21011993]]
| [[Euornithiformes]]
| Euornithiformes
| [[Euenantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012226|Q21012226]]
| [[Pleurojulida]]
| Pleurojulida
| [[Helminthomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012228|Q21012228]]
| [[Euphoberiida]]
| Euphoberiida
| [[Archipolypoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012759|Q21012759]]
| [[Zosterogrammida]]
| Zosterogrammida
| [[Pentazonia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012915|Q21012915]]
| [[Acanthocystida]]
| Acanthocystida<ref name="ref_befa3f94ed07828286001d81aa1172a0d61dc33839f42a3d601847e97863ecd2">''[[:d:Q34239332|Microheliella maris (Microhelida ord. n.), an ultrastructurally highly distinctive new axopodial protist species and genus, and the unity of phylum Heliozoa.]]''</ref>
| [[Centrohelea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012945|Q21012945]]
| [[Eoblattida]]
| Eoblattida
| [[Polyneoptera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012973|Q21012973]]
| [[Rhabdomesida]]
| Rhabdomesida
| [[Stenolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012979|Q21012979]]
| [[Proparia]]
| Proparia
| [[Trilobita]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21030170|Q21030170]]
| [[Peramura]]
| Peramura
| [[Zatheria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21031741|Q21031741]]
| [[Diplobathrida]]
| Diplobathrida
| [[Crinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21031743|Q21031743]]
| [[Uintacrinida]]
| Uintacrinida
| [[Articulata]]<ref name="ref_e78e3fa1dd9adc2021ca3b902beca80e943d098a9a33385b3e3a342566b690de">''[[:d:Q55922542|Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Uintacrinus socialis fossil crinoids in chalk (Niobrara Formation, Upper Cretaceous; western Kansas, USA) 4 (15279201036).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21032335|Q21032335]]
| [[Didymoconida]]
| Didymoconida
| [[Mammiferos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21032706|Q21032706]]
| [[Aulacopleurida]]
| Aulacopleurida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21032709|Q21032709]]
| [[Olenida]]
| Olenida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21035185|Q21035185]]
| [[Eodiscida]]
| Eodiscida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21035187|Q21035187]]
| [[Harpida]]
| Harpida<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
| [[Trilobita]]<ref name="ref_9853d2323d6f09185bc3bd3f1558f200602b56c313714970986ec8ea86bc3b3d">''[[:d:Q21032691|Class Trilobita Walch, 1771]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21076290|Q21076290]]
| [[Haptopoda]]
| Haptopoda
| [[arachnido]]
| [[File:Plesiosiro madeleyi CT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21076296|Q21076296]]
| [[Mischopterida]]
| Mischopterida
| [[insecto]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21087174|Q21087174]]
| [[Lithodesmiales]]
| Lithodesmiales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Lithodesmium undulatum in Peragallo 1897.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21191176|Q21191176]]
| [[Leiosporocerotales]]
| Leiosporocerotales
| [[Leiosporocerotopsida]]
| [[File:Leiosporoceros dussii - Derek - 264719276.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21213553|Q21213553]]
| [[Aberratiodontuiformes]]
| Aberratiodontuiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21213665|Q21213665]]
| [[Hemiaulales]]
| Hemiaulales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Hemiaulus in Coupin 1868.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21213720|Q21213720]]
| [[Chlorocystidales]]
| Chlorocystidales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214015|Q21214015]]
| [[Chrysanthemodiscales]]
| Chrysanthemodiscales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214114|Q21214114]]
| [[Heteramorphida]]
| Heteramorphida
| [[Palaeacanthocephala]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214209|Q21214209]]
| [[Rhabdomonadida]]
| Rhabdomonadida
| [[Euglenoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214300|Q21214300]]
| [[Heteromyota]]
| Heteromyota
| [[Echiura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214367|Q21214367]]
| [[Rhigonematida]]
| Rhigonematida
| [[Chromadoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214466|Q21214466]]
| [[Rhipidiales]]
| Rhipidiales
| [[Peronosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214469|Q21214469]]
| [[Claustrosporida]]
| Claustrosporida<ref name="ref_44f24686f2789c068fd8ec108d8157a80f85c9812027463b4f7b1994955f336c">''[[:d:Q28189660|Phylogeny and classification of phylum Cercozoa (Protozoa)]]''</ref>
| [[Ascetosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214861|Q21214861]]
| [[Ribeirioida]]
| Ribeirioida
| [[Rostroconchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214884|Q21214884]]
| [[Nitrosocaldales]]
| Nitrosocaldales
| [[Thermoproteota]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214914|Q21214914]]
| [[Riftiida]]
| Riftiida
| [[Pogonophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21214961|Q21214961]]
| [[Noctilucida]]
| Noctilucida
| [[Noctilucea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21215143|Q21215143]]
| [[Collodaria]]
| Collodaria
| [[Polycystinea]]
| [[File:Radiolaria (Challenger) Plate 008.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21215257|Q21215257]]
| [[Colpodida]]
| Colpodida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Colpodea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21215553|Q21215553]]
| [[Conocardioida]]
| Conocardioida
| [[Rostroconchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21215697|Q21215697]]
| [[Copromyxida]]
| Copromyxida
| [[Lobosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21215778|Q21215778]]
| [[Salilagenidiales]]
| Salilagenidiales
| [[Saprolegniidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21215914|Q21215914]]
| [[Corethrales]]
| Corethrales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Corethron pelagicum.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21216033|Q21216033]]
| [[Albaillellaria]]
| Albaillellaria
| [[Polycystinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21216249|Q21216249]]
| [[Ibliformes]]
| Ibliformes
| [[Thoracica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21216260|Q21216260]]
| [[Iblomorpha]]
| Iblomorpha
| [[Phosphatothoracica]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hairy-stalked-barnacle-ibla-quadrivalvis-389728-medium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21216619|Q21216619]]
| [[Olpidiopsidales]]
| Olpidiopsidales
| [[Peronosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21216923|Q21216923]]
| [[Cryptolobiferida]]
| Cryptolobiferida
| [[Cyclocoela]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21217027|Q21217027]]
| [[Oocystales]]
| Oocystales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21217054|Q21217054]]
| [[Opabiniida]]
| Opabiniida
| [[Dinocarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21217314|Q21217314]]
| [[Isolaimida]]
| Isolaimida
| [[Dorylaimia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21217854|Q21217854]]
| [[Orthoseirales]]
| Orthoseirales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21217906|Q21217906]]
| [[Cymatosirales]]
| Cymatosirales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Cymatosira in Coupin 1868.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287950|Q21287950]]
| [[Phyllobothriidea]]
| Phyllobothriidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21290892|Q21290892]]
| [[Solemyida]]
| Solemyida
| [[Protobranchia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Solemya velum hand.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21290897|Q21290897]]
| [[Taxocrinida]]
| Taxocrinida
| [[Crinoidea]]
| [[File:Taxocrinus colletti fossil crinoid (Mississippian; Crawfordsville, Indiana, USA) 1 (17384747492).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21290911|Q21290911]]
| [[Priodontina]]
| Priodontina
| [[Conodonta]]
| [[File:Promissum NT small.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21290917|Q21290917]]
| [[Haptoglossales]]
| Haptoglossales
| [[Oomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21290930|Q21290930]]
| [[Aneurophytales]]
| Aneurophytales
| [[Progymnosperm]]
| [[File:Tetraxylopteris reconstruccion.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291009|Q21291009]]
| [[Dichoporata]]
| Dichoporata
| [[Rhombifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291011|Q21291011]]
| [[Pholadomyida]]
| Pholadomyida
| [[Heteroconchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291015|Q21291015]]
| [[Glyptocystitida]]
| Glyptocystitida
| [[Rhombifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291019|Q21291019]]
| [[Siphonotretida]]
| Siphonotretida
| [[Lingulata]]
| [[File:Haeckel Spirobranchia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291026|Q21291026]]
| [[Paterinida]]
| Paterinida
| [[Brachiopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291055|Q21291055]]
| [[Palliocerida]]
| Palliocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291057|Q21291057]]
| [[Bothriocidaroida]]
| Bothriocidaroida
| [[Echinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291061|Q21291061]]
| [[Fordillida]]
| Fordillida
| [[Bivalvos]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291081|Q21291081]]
| [[Furcacaudiformes]]
| Furcacaudiformes
| [[Thelodonti]]
| [[File:Furcacauda heintzae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291093|Q21291093]]
| [[Zenaspidida]]
| Zenaspidida
| [[Cornuata]]
| [[File:Zenaspis NT small.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291098|Q21291098]]
| [[Ellobiopsida]]
| Ellobiopsida
| [[Ellobiopsea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291101|Q21291101]]
| [[Jamoytiiformes]]
| Jamoytiiformes
| [[Hyperoartia]]
| [[File:Jamoytius kerwoodi.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291172|Q21291172]]
| [[Lipostraca]]
| Lipostraca
| [[Phyllopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291178|Q21291178]]
| [[Thelodontiformes]]
| Thelodontiformes
| [[Thelodonti]]
| [[File:Thelodus parvidens.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291203|Q21291203]]
| [[Pectocaridida]]
| Pectocaridida
| [[arthropodo]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291302|Q21291302]]
| [[Hoplostraca]]
| Hoplostraca
| [[Malacostraca]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291330|Q21291330]]
| [[Botryopteridales]]
| Botryopteridales
| [[Filocopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291396|Q21291396]]
| [[Waterstonellidea]]
| Waterstonellidea
| [[Crustacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291540|Q21291540]]
| [[Hypseloconida]]
| Hypseloconida
| [[Tergomya]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291750|Q21291750]]
| [[Diplacanthiformes]]
| Diplacanthiformes
| [[Acanthodii]]
| [[File:Diplacanthus striatus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291869|Q21291869]]
| [[Cowiedesmida]]
| Cowiedesmida
| [[Archipolypoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21291881|Q21291881]]
| [[Dendrocrinida]]
| Dendrocrinida
| [[Cladida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292069|Q21292069]]
| [[Montchadskyellidea]]
| Montchadskyellidea
| [[Monogenea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292078|Q21292078]]
| [[Chytridiodinida]]
| Chytridiodinida
| [[Dinoflagellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292264|Q21292264]]
| [[Zenaspida]]
| Zenaspida
| [[Osteostraci]]
| [[File:Zenaspis cf powriei.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292306|Q21292306]]
| [[Waptiida]]
| Waptiida
| [[Hymenocarina]]
| [[File:Waptia fieldensis 34.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292312|Q21292312]]
| [[Concavicarida]]
| Concavicarida
| [[Thylacocephala]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292350|Q21292350]]
| [[Fuxianhuiida]]
| Fuxianhuiida
| [[arthropodo]]<br/>[[Mandibulata]]
| [[File:20211117 Fuxianhuiida Fuxianhuiids.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292357|Q21292357]]
| [[Dysteriida]]
| Dysteriida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Phyllopharyngea]]<br/>[[Cyrtophoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292362|Q21292362]]
| [[Proconodontida]]
| Proconodontida
| [[Conodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292364|Q21292364]]
| [[Diplorhynchina]]
| Diplorhynchina
| [[Dipnoi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292483|Q21292483]]
| [[Victivallales]]
| Victivallales
| [[Lentisphaeria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292487|Q21292487]]
| [[Caldilineales]]
| Caldilineales
| [[Caldilineae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292493|Q21292493]]
| [[Pelagomonadales]]
| Pelagomonadales
| [[Pelagophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292499|Q21292499]]
| [[Hemicidaroida]]
| Hemicidaroida
| [[Echinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292503|Q21292503]]
| [[Canadaspidida]]
| Canadaspidida
| [[Crustacea]]
| [[File:Canadaspis (8012625428).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21292514|Q21292514]]
| [[Praeornithiformes]]
| Praeornithiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21293813|Q21293813]]
| [[Taxopodida]]
| Taxopodida
| [[Sticholonchea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21293817|Q21293817]]
| [[Cyclotrichiida]]
| Cyclotrichiida
| [[Haptoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21293820|Q21293820]]
| [[Trimerophytales]]
| Trimerophytales
| [[Trimerophytopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21344135|Q21344135]]
| [[Calobryales]]
| Calobryales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Haplomitriidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Untersuchungen über Haplomitrium Hookeri (1843) plate XIII.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21344242|Q21344242]]
| [[Chaetosphaeridiales]]
| Chaetosphaeridiales
| [[Coleochaetophyceae]]
| [[File:Chaetosphaeridium globosum 168080226.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21344388|Q21344388]]
| [[Oltmannsiellopsidales]]
| Oltmannsiellopsidales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21344410|Q21344410]]
| [[Nephroselmidales]]
| Nephroselmidales<ref name="ref_5d20b2497ae39e602bc4da367c7dd5235d502c5b32ed0852fd5862f136e26f9f">''[[:d:Q99659946|Phylogeny and ultrastructure of Nephroselmis and Pseudoscourfieldia (Chlorophyta), including the description of Nephroselmis anterostigmatica sp. nov. and a proposal for the Nephroselmidales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Nephroselmidophyceae]]
| [[File:Nephroselmis olivacea, Stein (1878), plate 19 cropped.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21344540|Q21344540]]
| [[Monomastigales]]
| Monomastigales<ref name="ref_2c414b4f9fc65e5dec31b3eb6cee49db0c63ad63e22253876505c0bc60b3e414">''[[:d:Q45718648|Molecular phylogeny and classification of the Mamiellophyceae class. nov. (Chlorophyta) based on sequence comparisons of the nuclear- and plastid-encoded rRNA operons]]''</ref>
| [[Mamiellophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21345794|Q21345794]]
| [[Altholepidiformes]]
| Altholepidiformes
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21346196|Q21346196]]
| [[Antarctilamniformes]]
| Antarctilamniformes
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
| [[File:Antarctilamna? sp. (fossil shark spine) (Silica Formation, Middle Devonian; quarry northwest of Paulding, Ohio, USA) (48320065021).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21346589|Q21346589]]
| [[Permotrichoptera]]
| Permotrichoptera
| [[Panorpida]]<br/>[[Mecopterida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21346714|Q21346714]]
| [[Acochlidea]]
| Acochlidea
| [[Opisthobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21346838|Q21346838]]
| [[Phoebodontiformes]]
| Phoebodontiformes
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21346913|Q21346913]]
| [[Archipelepidiformes]]
| Archipelepidiformes
| [[Thelodonti]]
| [[File:Archipelepis turbinata.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21347219|Q21347219]]
| [[Polysentoriformes]]
| Polysentoriformes
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21347300|Q21347300]]
| [[Arthrodiriformes]]
| Arthrodiriformes
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21348323|Q21348323]]
| [[Tremataspidiformes]]
| Tremataspidiformes
| [[Cephalaspidomorphi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21348598|Q21348598]]
| [[Omalodontiformes]]
| Omalodontiformes
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21349215|Q21349215]]
| [[Sphenocephaliformes]]
| Sphenocephaliformes
| [[Paracanthopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21349241|Q21349241]]
| [[Cheilostomida]]
| Cheilostomida
| [[Gymnolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21349246|Q21349246]]
| [[Paronychophora]]
| Paronychophora
| [[Xenusia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21349289|Q21349289]]
| [[Archonychophora]]
| Archonychophora
| [[Xenusia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21349665|Q21349665]]
| [[Palaeostomatopoda]]
| Palaeostomatopoda
| [[Stomatopoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21350898|Q21350898]]
| [[Perunelomorpha]]
| Perunelomorpha
| [[Caenogastropoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21351929|Q21351929]]
| [[Yandangithiformes]]
| Yandangithiformes
| [[Saurornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21351941|Q21351941]]
| [[Liaoxiornithiformes]]
| Liaoxiornithiformes
| [[Saurornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21351959|Q21351959]]
| [[Eoenantiornithiformes]]
| Eoenantiornithiformes
| [[Euenantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21351973|Q21351973]]
| [[Gansuiformes]]
| Gansuiformes
| [[Palaeognathae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21351983|Q21351983]]
| [[Palaeocursornithiformes]]
| Palaeocursornithiformes
| [[Palaeognathae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21353922|Q21353922]]
| [[Kloedenellocopida]]
| Kloedenellocopida
| [[Ostracoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21354172|Q21354172]]
| [[Tuarangiida]]
| Tuarangiida
| [[Rostroconchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21358789|Q21358789]]
| [[Eugaleaspidiformes]]
| Eugaleaspidiformes
| [[Galeaspida]]
| [[File:Dunyu longiforus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21359288|Q21359288]]
| [[Microdecemplicida]]
| Microdecemplicida
| [[Arthropleuridea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21359897|Q21359897]]
| [[Leanchoiliida]]
| Leanchoiliida
| [[Megacheira]]<br/>[[Cheiromorpha]]<ref name="ref_b7efd61accd9a8573bc690556493ed0c4a3fa34cdb5513001f51e1dda2992e96">''[[:d:Q57277456|A large new leanchoiliid from the Burgess Shale and the influence of inapplicable states on stem arthropod phylogeny]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leanchoilia illecebrosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21360120|Q21360120]]
| [[Conulatae]]
| Conulatae
| [[Staurozoa]]<ref name="ref_30534e7b51fb80b9e28a8710625b8a848ffdad42b5f28c2a9af60a89da702bdd">''[[:d:Q55868086|Cladistic analysis of Medusozoa and cnidarian evolution]]''</ref><br/>[[Scyphozoa]]<ref name="ref_26960acd91cb5d778f5ffa1d53c20efe32abdd5b2c8cf46ee7cb07a009c61c26">''[[:d:Q57744424|Reassessment of the phylogenetic position of conulariids (?Ediacaran‐Triassic) within the subphylum medusozoa (phylum cnidaria)]]''</ref>
| [[File:Conulariid03.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21360561|Q21360561]]
| [[Modiomorphoida]]
| Modiomorphoida
| [[Bivalvos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21363451|Q21363451]]
| [[Polybranchiaspidiformes]]
| Polybranchiaspidiformes
| [[Polybranchiaspidida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21363461|Q21363461]]
| [[Huananaspidiformes]]
| Huananaspidiformes<ref name="ref_aab7733af5201207f3de05ddf60ba70570932b85f7871735c187425a3678081a">https://www.bilibili.com/opus/865350478980972563</ref>
| [[Polybranchiaspidida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21363572|Q21363572]]
| [[Ptyctodontiformes]]
| Ptyctodontiformes
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21363930|Q21363930]]
| [[Holodipterida]]
| Holodipterida
| [[Dipnoi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21364567|Q21364567]]
| [[Jaymoytiiformes]]
| Jaymoytiiformes
| [[Anaspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21366705|Q21366705]]
| [[Ozarkodinida]]
| Ozarkodinida
| [[Prioniodontida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21368166|Q21368166]]
| [[Ichtyodectiformes]]
| Ichtyodectiformes
| [[Teleostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21400364|Q21400364]]
| [[Chattonellales]]
| Chattonellales
| [[Raphidophyte]]
| [[File:Chattonella subsalsa B.Biecheler, 1936.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21400374|Q21400374]]
| [[Tesakoviaspidida]]
| Tesakoviaspidida
| [[Astraspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21400378|Q21400378]]
| [[Stichotrichida]]
| Stichotrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Spirotrichea]]<br/>[[Stichotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21405499|Q21405499]]
| [[Jaymotiiformes]]
| Jaymotiiformes
| [[Anaspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445641|Q21445641]]
| [[Actinomyxidia]]
| Actinomyxidia
| [[Cnidosporidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445643|Q21445643]]
| [[Actinophrydea]]
| Actinophrydea
| [[Radiolaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445646|Q21445646]]
| [[Actinophrydia]]
| Actinophrydia
| [[Heliozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445685|Q21445685]]
| [[Eutreptiida]]
| Eutreptiida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Euglenophycidae]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445763|Q21445763]]
| [[Fibrobacterales]]
| Fibrobacterales<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Fibrobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445770|Q21445770]]
| [[Allocaudata]]
| Allocaudata
| [[Lissamphibia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445781|Q21445781]]
| [[Flagellata]]
| Flagellata
| [[Zoomastigophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445897|Q21445897]]
| [[Anoecales]]
| Anoecales
| [[Bicoecia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445923|Q21445923]]
| [[Oxymonadina]]
| Oxymonadina
| [[Metamonadina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445930|Q21445930]]
| [[Oxyrrhinales]]
| Oxyrrhinales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445946|Q21445946]]
| [[Glissomonadida]]
| Glissomonadida<ref name="ref_e54a138ba283a71fd80f5b8d9095f297d21821e586fafc2413f1cd06ffc81aee">''[[:d:Q33422730|Phylogeny, taxonomy, and astounding genetic diversity of glissomonadida ord. nov., the dominant gliding zooflagellates in soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa).]]''</ref>
| [[Cercomonadida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21445958|Q21445958]]
| [[Gloeodendrales]]
| Gloeodendrales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446019|Q21446019]]
| [[Panderichthyida]]
| Panderichthyida
| [[Tetrapodomorpha]]
| [[File:Pandericthys-Ichthyostega-Acanthostega-Seymouria-Dimetrodon.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446039|Q21446039]]
| [[Gregarinae]]
| Gregarinae<ref name="ref_4409955f0b4b4931659d1aba2f0e0c3c32f6838c4aa332eadbff212865240f3e">''[[:d:Q42190326|Generelle Morphologie der Organismen]]''</ref>
| [[Sporozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446078|Q21446078]]
| [[Astasida]]
| Astasida
| [[Euglenia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446096|Q21446096]]
| [[Athalamida]]
| Athalamida
| [[Athalamea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446124|Q21446124]]
| [[Haemosporidia]]
| Haemosporidia
| [[Coccidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446141|Q21446141]]
| [[Ausktribosphenida]]
| Ausktribosphenida
| [[Australosphenida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446170|Q21446170]]
| [[Pedinellida]]
| Pedinellida
| [[Chrysomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446177|Q21446177]]
| [[Axoplasthelida]]
| Axoplasthelida
| [[Centrohelea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446182|Q21446182]]
| [[Haplosporida]]
| Haplosporida<ref name="ref_3e058715a18b00e3a22f9b5eb0650695fe4514068aaa169d060a0a28df4e00d5">''[[:d:Q108908969|Sur le genere Aplosporidium (nov.) et l'ordre nouveau des Aplosporidies]]''</ref><ref name="ref_05b76844e293ed05b5e8d83c431f65580cf714a96e7fafa867717d1a6ed1c182">''[[:d:Q108899521|Classification of the Haplosporidia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c980fa20222306284d97e6128fcd535cd1bce8c8adf8489d2e8e896c8b6dfc99">''[[:d:Q108913858|Ergebnisse der neueren Sporozoenforschung]]''</ref>
| [[Ascetosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446185|Q21446185]]
| [[Haplosporidiidea]]
| Haplosporidiidea<ref name="ref_21bcb25a1fdeb1f447f3ba8529b27e9049eace8d063b6379c8457b5ef5a79321">''[[:d:Q109507870|Das System der Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Sporozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446221|Q21446221]]
| [[Percolomonadida]]
| Percolomonadida
| [[Percolatea]]
| [[File:Percolomonas sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446241|Q21446241]]
| [[Peripoda]]
| Peripoda<ref name="ref_01c969f1c18666da98589a1eec52668bd195d78f22d9403986ab3a4216de6d01">''[[:d:Q54505094|A new class of Echinodermata from New Zealand]]''</ref>
| [[Concentricycloidea]]<ref name="ref_01c969f1c18666da98589a1eec52668bd195d78f22d9403986ab3a4216de6d01">''[[:d:Q54505094|A new class of Echinodermata from New Zealand]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446243|Q21446243]]
| [[Helioflagellida]]
| Helioflagellida
| [[Actinopodea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446244|Q21446244]]
| [[Peritricha]]
| Peritricha
| [[Spirotricha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446253|Q21446253]]
| [[Permothemistida]]
| Permothemistida<ref name="ref_1bf166d5f56d5ae0792e66b829cc29bdc118fa5f478919c06bc7cd3b02213726">https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=293395</ref>
| [[Palaeoptera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446301|Q21446301]]
| [[Hesperornithes]]
| Hesperornithes
| [[Odontoholcae]]<br/>[[Ornithurae]]
| [[File:Hesperornis.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446357|Q21446357]]
| [[Histionida]]
| Histionida
| [[Kinetomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446475|Q21446475]]
| [[Plegmacantha]]
| Plegmacantha
| [[Holacanthia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446496|Q21446496]]
| [[Hypermastigina]]
| Hypermastigina<ref name="ref_98d02a1e172c91ba54374567aaba64f4af48747cbe376647ab214856210a6c8b">''[[:d:Q110253945|Intorno ai protozoi dei termiti]]''</ref>
| [[Zoomastigina]]
| [[File:Hypermastigida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446549|Q21446549]]
| [[Calamitales]]
| Calamitales
| [[Equisetopsida]]<br/>[[Calamitopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446679|Q21446679]]
| [[Jaapiales]]
| Jaapiales
| [[Agaricomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446681|Q21446681]]
| [[Promycetozoida]]
| Promycetozoida
| [[Athalamea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446692|Q21446692]]
| [[Jakobida]]
| Jakobida
| [[Jakobids]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446731|Q21446731]]
| [[Proteromonadida]]
| Proteromonadida
| [[Proteromonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446735|Q21446735]]
| [[Proteromonadina]]
| Proteromonadina
| [[Protomonadina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446748|Q21446748]]
| [[Centrohelidia]]
| Centrohelidia
| [[Actinophrydia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446761|Q21446761]]
| [[Protomastigina]]
| Protomastigina
| [[Flagellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446767|Q21446767]]
| [[Cephalaspidiformes]]
| Cephalaspidiformes
| [[Cephalaspidomorphi]]
| [[File:Cephalaspis lyelli recon.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446777|Q21446777]]
| [[Ceratida]]
| Ceratida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446782|Q21446782]]
| [[Protosphagnales]]
| Protosphagnales
| [[Sphagnopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446792|Q21446792]]
| [[Prymnesiida]]
| Prymnesiida
| [[Phytomastigophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446793|Q21446793]]
| [[Karotomorphida]]
| Karotomorphida
| [[Opalinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446826|Q21446826]]
| [[Pseudodendromonadida]]
| Pseudodendromonadida
| [[Bicosoecea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446892|Q21446892]]
| [[Kopriimonadales]]
| Kopriimonadales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446907|Q21446907]]
| [[Chlorarachnida]]
| Chlorarachnida
| [[Chlorarachnea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446919|Q21446919]]
| [[Chloromonadina]]
| Chloromonadina
| [[Phytomastigina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446949|Q21446949]]
| [[Chonotricha]]
| Chonotricha
| [[Infusoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446987|Q21446987]]
| [[Chrysomonadina]]
| Chrysomonadina
| [[Phytomastigina]]
| [[File:Wilson1900Fig3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21446994|Q21446994]]
| [[Chrysomonadineae]]
| Chrysomonadineae
| [[Flagellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447007|Q21447007]]
| [[Raphidomonadida]]
| Raphidomonadida
| [[Stramenopiles]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447017|Q21447017]]
| [[Cilioflagellata]]
| Cilioflagellata
| [[Infusoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447068|Q21447068]]
| [[Rhabdopleurida]]
| Rhabdopleurida
| [[Pterobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447084|Q21447084]]
| [[Coccolithophorales]]
| Coccolithophorales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
| [[File:Newfoundland OSE2002210.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447121|Q21447121]]
| [[Limnopolypae]]
| Limnopolypae
| [[Hydrozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447133|Q21447133]]
| [[Colponemida]]
| Colponemida
| [[Colponemea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447136|Q21447136]]
| [[Rhizomastigina]]
| Rhizomastigina
| [[Zoomastigina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447165|Q21447165]]
| [[Conulariida]]
| Conulariida
| [[Scyphozoa]]
| [[File:Conulariid 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447170|Q21447170]]
| [[Loboreticulatida]]
| Loboreticulatida
| [[Gymnamoebia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447200|Q21447200]]
| [[Cornuta]]
| Cornuta
| [[Stylophora]]
| [[File:Cothurnocystis elizae CRF.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447207|Q21447207]]
| [[Rotosphaerida]]
| Rotosphaerida
| [[Holomycota]]
| [[File:Nuclearia sp Nikko.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447227|Q21447227]]
| [[Luffisphaerida]]
| Luffisphaerida
| [[Holosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447261|Q21447261]]
| [[Cryptomonadida]]
| Cryptomonadida
| [[Phytomastigoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447265|Q21447265]]
| [[Lyromonadida]]
| Lyromonadida<ref name="ref_6a3224ed9e9612f3b161f90deafb215ffecae36153e66735b907fd7bacda7748">''[[:d:Q24634634|Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla]]''</ref>
| [[Lyromonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447305|Q21447305]]
| [[Sarcinochrysidales]]
| Sarcinochrysidales
| [[Pelagophycia]]
| [[File:Tribonema marinum Feldmann 1941.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447317|Q21447317]]
| [[Sarrameanales]]
| Sarrameanales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447403|Q21447403]]
| [[Marteiliida]]
| Marteiliida
| [[Paramyxea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447431|Q21447431]]
| [[Desmothoraca]]
| Desmothoraca
| [[Heliozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447451|Q21447451]]
| [[Silicoflagellata]]
| Silicoflagellata
| [[Actinochrysia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447495|Q21447495]]
| [[Dimorphida]]
| Dimorphida
| [[Heliozoea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447515|Q21447515]]
| [[Dioctophymida]]
| Dioctophymida
| [[Dorylaimia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447524|Q21447524]]
| [[Diphylleiida]]
| Diphylleiida
| [[Loukozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447598|Q21447598]]
| [[Spirotricha]]
| Spirotricha
| [[Infusoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447656|Q21447656]]
| [[Ebriida]]
| Ebriida
| [[Thecofilosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447660|Q21447660]]
| [[Ministeriida]]
| Ministeriida<ref name="ref_34bc0fc69a97bf32d851c4d078a9fedc41953d88ade5871200aaf529fc6f017e">''[[:d:Q62085705|Amoeboflagellates and mitochondrial cristae in eukaryote evolution: megasystematics of the new protozoan subkingdoms Eozoa and Neozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Filasterea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447679|Q21447679]]
| [[Mitrata]]
| Mitrata
| [[Stylophora]]
| [[File:Haeckel Amphoridea-1a.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447686|Q21447686]]
| [[Ellimmichthyiformes]]
| Ellimmichthyiformes
| [[Clupeomorpha]]
| [[File:Ellimmichthyiformes - Armigatus brevissimus.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447709|Q21447709]]
| [[Entamoebida]]
| Entamoebida
| [[Archamoebea]]
| [[File:Entamoeba coli 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447715|Q21447715]]
| [[Enteromonadida]]
| Enteromonadida
| [[Enteromonadia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447796|Q21447796]]
| [[Telonemida]]
| Telonemida
| [[Telonemea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447806|Q21447806]]
| [[Testacea]]
| Testacea
| [[Rhizopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447869|Q21447869]]
| [[Trapeliales]]
| Trapeliales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447876|Q21447876]]
| [[Treubiales]]
| Treubiales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Treubiidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Treubia lacunosa (Colenso) Prosk. (AM AK322391-1).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447982|Q21447982]]
| [[Volaticotheria]]
| Volaticotheria
| [[Mammiferos]]
| [[File:Volaticotherium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21447985|Q21447985]]
| [[Volvocida]]
| Volvocida
| [[Protozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21584788|Q21584788]]
| [[Phaeosiphoniellales]]
| Phaeosiphoniellales<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
| [[Fucophycidae]]<ref name="ref_9a2dacecf9c16e46d11ce384fc244e2c3a109bb934b599738dae23e9766005e7">''[[:d:Q21483204|An Updated Classification of Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21587962|Q21587962]]
| [[Belotelsonidea]]
| Belotelsonidea
| [[Malacostraca]]
| [[File:Belotelson.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21588662|Q21588662]]
| [[Byroniida]]
| Byroniida
| [[Scyphozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21588954|Q21588954]]
| [[Barinophytales]]
| Barinophytales
| [[Zosterophyllopsida]]
| [[File:Barinophyton richardsonii (=Lepidostrobus richardsonii) v.6 (1861) - The Canadian naturalist and geologist.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21588956|Q21588956]]
| [[Khairkhaniifomes]]
| Khairkhaniifomes
| [[Divasibranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21589269|Q21589269]]
| [[Protocaridida]]
| Protocaridida
| [[Hymenocarina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21589445|Q21589445]]
| [[Tesseraspidiformes]]
| Tesseraspidiformes
| [[Heterostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21589465|Q21589465]]
| [[Hyolithelmintida]]
| Hyolithelmintida
| [[animal]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21589469|Q21589469]]
| [[Voromonadida]]
| Voromonadida
| [[Myzomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21589757|Q21589757]]
| [[Nematophytales]]
| Nematophytales
| [[Nematophytina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21590157|Q21590157]]
| [[Phyllosiphonales]]
| Phyllosiphonales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21590274|Q21590274]]
| [[Palaeosomatida]]
| Palaeosomatida
| [[Archipolypoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21590327|Q21590327]]
| [[Rastromonadida]]
| Rastromonadida
| [[Perkinsea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21590434|Q21590434]]
| [[Thermolithobacterales]]
| Thermolithobacterales<ref name="ref_b9b8ce73ddab2125a17cb987c0f0e08f322e9d5dd9fedfd42ee6b106d5106467">''[[:d:Q45317832|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Thermolithobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21591100|Q21591100]]
| [[Cardipeltiformes]]
| Cardipeltiformes
| [[Heterostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21608447|Q21608447]]
| [[Symmoriiformes]]
| Symmoriiformes
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
| [[File:Kawichthys moodiei.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21663136|Q21663136]]
| [[Chlorachniida]]
| Chlorachniida
| [[Chlorarachnea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21666234|Q21666234]]
| [[Prolacertiformes]]
| Prolacertiformes
| [[Archosauromorpha]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Macrocnemus BW.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21694401|Q21694401]]
| [[Scopalinida]]
| Scopalinida<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref><ref name="ref_8835aa6e21d593ef7209dd7ff497fdf699239fd89acfcd105da39b7c2deb5ee9">''[[:d:Q2784883|Australian Faunal Directory]]''</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_ba032967a81ad925b97abdbd17a59d04f5101667762df30ada752142b3afd2a7">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=845472</ref>
| [[File:Stylissa carteri (éponge oreille d'éléphant).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21705000|Q21705000]]
| [[Chondrillida]]
| Chondrillida<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[Verongimorpha]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Chondrilla nucula 1402.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21708405|Q21708405]]
| [[Ignavibacteriales]]
| Ignavibacteriales
| [[Ignavibacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21711088|Q21711088]]
| [[Archaeolithophyllales]]
| Archaeolithophyllales
| [[Rhodophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21711263|Q21711263]]
| [[Suberitida]]
| Suberitida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Suberites domuncula.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21711601|Q21711601]]
| [[Biemnida]]
| Biemnida<ref name="ref_93dc5115126496584afd80767cec283c9b3b0dd2e88b649c48d3abc99cfa9276">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=736911</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_93dc5115126496584afd80767cec283c9b3b0dd2e88b649c48d3abc99cfa9276">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=736911</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21218075|Q21218075]]
| [[Anaulales]]
| Anaulales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Anaulus in Pergallo 1897.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21218313|Q21218313]]
| [[Katoporida]]
| Katoporida
| [[Thelodonti]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21219138|Q21219138]]
| [[Solibacterales]]
| Solibacterales
| [[Solibacteres]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21219301|Q21219301]]
| [[Pansporoblastina]]
| Pansporoblastina
| [[Microsporida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21219586|Q21219586]]
| [[Desmomastigales]]
| Desmomastigales
| [[Dinoflagellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21219620|Q21219620]]
| [[Lagenismatales]]
| Lagenismatales
| [[Oomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21219677|Q21219677]]
| [[Lamellibrachiida]]
| Lamellibrachiida
| [[Pogonophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220045|Q21220045]]
| [[Spirotrichonymphida]]
| Spirotrichonymphida<ref name="ref_21e2e578e1dc61c794ecc1152f97f05b0ab4af6e42119e157a98c432d71e684a">''[[:d:Q109353487|Phylogénie. Protozoaires : Généralités. Flagellés.]]''</ref>
| [[Trichomonadea]]<br/>[[Spirotrichonymphea]]<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220148|Q21220148]]
| [[Dictyoneidales]]
| Dictyoneidales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Dictyoneis Cleve in Péragallo 1851.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220193|Q21220193]]
| [[Paraliales]]
| Paraliales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Paralia in Coupin 1868.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220209|Q21220209]]
| [[Latentifistularia]]
| Latentifistularia
| [[Polycystinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220513|Q21220513]]
| [[Arachnoidiscales]]
| Arachnoidiscales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Arachnoidiscus-Hemiptychus Henry Coupin 1868.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220650|Q21220650]]
| [[Arberiales]]
| Arberiales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220713|Q21220713]]
| [[Lepadiformes]]
| Lepadiformes
| [[Thoracica]]
| [[File:Lepas anatifera - Quintana Roo - Mexico.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21220793|Q21220793]]
| [[Diplobelida]]
| Diplobelida
| [[Belemnoidea]]
| [[File:Phragmoteuthis conocauda.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221055|Q21221055]]
| [[Leptocylindrales]]
| Leptocylindrales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
| [[File:Leptocylindrus danicus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221071|Q21221071]]
| [[Stictocyclales]]
| Stictocyclales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221091|Q21221091]]
| [[Stictodiscales]]
| Stictodiscales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221107|Q21221107]]
| [[Parastelida]]
| Parastelida
| [[Myxogastrea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221166|Q21221166]]
| [[Stilbellales]]
| Stilbellales
| [[Hyphomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221257|Q21221257]]
| [[Distomatida]]
| Distomatida<ref name="ref_ca5f88aca1567efdc2379626bf9c5df649ba24a4653f09b99f3a48708f112d18">''[[:d:Q110252310|Flagellatenstudien. Theil I.]]''</ref>
| [[Diplozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221299|Q21221299]]
| [[Leptostrobales]]
| Leptostrobales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221538|Q21221538]]
| [[Stromatoporoida]]
| Stromatoporoida
| [[Sclerosponge]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21221606|Q21221606]]
| [[Parmales]]
| Parmales<ref name="ref_f03cad8f4a15471f74d27116bb373d3d803b492a08d49929b3eb88e1b8734f32">''[[:d:Q56689558|PARMALES, A NEW ORDER OF MARINE CHRYSOPHYTES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW GENERA AND SEVEN NEW SPECIES]]''</ref>
| [[Ochrophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222095|Q21222095]]
| [[Pedicellinida]]
| Pedicellinida
| [[Entoprocta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222138|Q21222138]]
| [[Dunalliellales]]
| Dunalliellales
| [[Prasinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222341|Q21222341]]
| [[Lithodesmidales]]
| Lithodesmidales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222355|Q21222355]]
| [[Athecanephria]]
| Athecanephria
| [[Pogonophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222672|Q21222672]]
| [[Tabulospongida]]
| Tabulospongida
| [[Sclerosponge]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222733|Q21222733]]
| [[Longipterygiformes]]
| Longipterygiformes
| [[Euenantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222819|Q21222819]]
| [[Lophomonadida]]
| Lophomonadida<ref name="ref_9e86710b485402bfbacdb11b6512a6c9cbd41bdf9a02e5116112968aeb1de3b5">''[[:d:Q110252427|Kofoidia, a new flagellate, from a california termite]]''</ref>
| [[Trichomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21222986|Q21222986]]
| [[Petalomonadida]]
| Petalomonadida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Homostavia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223003|Q21223003]]
| [[Loxosomatida]]
| Loxosomatida
| [[Entoprocta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223206|Q21223206]]
| [[Phaeocalpida]]
| Phaeocalpida
| [[Phaeodarea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223222|Q21223222]]
| [[Phaeogromia]]
| Phaeogromia
| [[Phaeodarea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223249|Q21223249]]
| [[Phagomyxida]]
| Phagomyxida
| [[Phytomyxea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223313|Q21223313]]
| [[Phalansteriida]]
| Phalansteriida
| [[Variosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223419|Q21223419]]
| [[Lyrellales]]
| Lyrellales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Lyrella hennedy 1600x contrast invertion.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223492|Q21223492]]
| [[Phascolosomatiformes]]
| Phascolosomatiformes
| [[Phascolosomatidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223746|Q21223746]]
| [[Entactinaria]]
| Entactinaria
| [[Polycystinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21223771|Q21223771]]
| [[Bacillariales]]
| Bacillariales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Nitzschia-kerguelensis hg.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21224355|Q21224355]]
| [[Malacovalvulida]]
| Malacovalvulida
| [[Malacosporea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21224384|Q21224384]]
| [[Tevniida]]
| Tevniida
| [[Pogonophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21224392|Q21224392]]
| [[Malawimonadida]]
| Malawimonadida<ref name="ref_614fb8f075f79819a8e5dacfa2ef160947f7237cfd6bac90b82407d11bdf8b00">''[[:d:Q30885386|The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Malawimonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21224697|Q21224697]]
| [[Thecanephria]]
| Thecanephria
| [[Pogonophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21224742|Q21224742]]
| [[Belemnoteuthina]]
| Belemnoteuthina
| [[Belemnoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21224949|Q21224949]]
| [[Thermomicrobiales]]
| Thermomicrobiales
| [[Thermomicrobia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21224971|Q21224971]]
| [[Erysipelotrichales]]
| Erysipelotrichales
| [[Erysipelotrichia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21225120|Q21225120]]
| [[Mastogloiales]]
| Mastogloiales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
| [[File:Mastogloia sp. Henry Coupin 1868.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21225128|Q21225128]]
| [[Ethmodiscales]]
| Ethmodiscales
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21225275|Q21225275]]
| [[Billingsellida]]
| Billingsellida
| [[Strophomenata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21225386|Q21225386]]
| [[Biphragmosagittiformes]]
| Biphragmosagittiformes
| [[Sagittoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21225403|Q21225403]]
| [[Birkeniida]]
| Birkeniida
| [[Anaspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21225673|Q21225673]]
| [[Eugregarinida]]
| Eugregarinida<ref name="ref_167fdac8bcef75e80a6929a436f3617d025d3ff5073fa080e9cf88dd4e97829b">''[[:d:Q109566936|Sur un nouveau sporozoaire des larves de diptères]]''</ref>
| [[Telosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21226049|Q21226049]]
| [[Pleurastrales]]
| Pleurastrales
| [[Prasinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21226673|Q21226673]]
| [[Merliida]]
| Merliida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21226739|Q21226739]]
| [[Trichonymphida]]
| Trichonymphida<ref name="ref_21bcb25a1fdeb1f447f3ba8529b27e9049eace8d063b6379c8457b5ef5a79321">''[[:d:Q109507870|Das System der Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Trichonymphea]]<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Trichonympha campanula.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21226800|Q21226800]]
| [[Trichotheliales]]
| Trichotheliales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21226894|Q21226894]]
| [[Triganglionata]]
| Triganglionata
| [[Heterobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21226944|Q21226944]]
| [[Breviatida]]
| Breviatida<ref name="ref_86db81ff3f13287683ffec9205953482a8097fdc26e7cd744c5b428d2e3ad538">''[[:d:Q29399107|Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium]]''</ref>
| [[Breviatea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21227882|Q21227882]]
| [[Foraminiferida]]
| Foraminiferida
| [[Foraminifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21227915|Q21227915]]
| [[Tuberculariales]]
| Tuberculariales
| [[Hyphomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21227969|Q21227969]]
| [[Tubulinida]]
| Tubulinida
| [[Tubulinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21228651|Q21228651]]
| [[Protoaviformes]]
| Protoaviformes
| [[Protoaviornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21228764|Q21228764]]
| [[Cambojiida]]
| Cambojiida
| [[Cyclocoela]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21228788|Q21228788]]
| [[Urnatellida]]
| Urnatellida
| [[Entoprocta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21228796|Q21228796]]
| [[Protonychophora]]
| Protonychophora
| [[Xenusia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21228893|Q21228893]]
| [[Protostelida]]
| Ptotostelida<ref name="ref_49179f03fe7584a29e02b1f2cc7592d1fea27858f99396ecddc2582070f3b3d9">''[[:d:Q71187125|Schizoplasmodium, a Mycetozoan Genus Intermediate Between Cavostelium and Protostelium: a New Order of Mycetozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Variosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229229|Q21229229]]
| [[Giardiida]]
| Giardiida<ref name="ref_cf1a4e43d55f12e320643c3cfcb702e27a1d9d63f91f11793e92b75c1da65c82">''[[:d:Q34413248|Molecular phylogeny of the free-living archezoan Trepomonas agilis and the nature of the first eukaryote]]''</ref>
| [[Diplozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229294|Q21229294]]
| [[Gigantonomiales]]
| Gigantonomiales
| [[Pteridospermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229460|Q21229460]]
| [[Verrucomorpha]]
| Verrucomorpha
| [[Thoracicalcarea]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229481|Q21229481]]
| [[Verticellida]]
| Verticellida
| [[Peritrichia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229513|Q21229513]]
| [[Moniligastrida]]
| Moniligastrida
| [[Oligochaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229555|Q21229555]]
| [[Monocotylidea]]
| Monocotylidea
| [[Monopisthocotylea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229605|Q21229605]]
| [[Gloeobacterales]]
| Gloeobacterales
| [[Gloeobacterophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229619|Q21229619]]
| [[Glomerellales]]
| Glomerellales
| [[Hypocreomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229678|Q21229678]]
| [[Carpediemonadida]]
| Carpediemonadida<ref name="ref_614fb8f075f79819a8e5dacfa2ef160947f7237cfd6bac90b82407d11bdf8b00">''[[:d:Q30885386|The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Carpediemonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21229696|Q21229696]]
| [[Glycostylida]]
| Glycostylida<ref name="ref_86db81ff3f13287683ffec9205953482a8097fdc26e7cd744c5b428d2e3ad538">''[[:d:Q29399107|Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium]]''</ref>
| [[Discosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21230169|Q21230169]]
| [[Murchisoniina]]
| Murchisoniina
| [[Orthogastropoda]]
| [[File:Murchisonia-Moscow.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21230534|Q21230534]]
| [[Gromiida]]
| Gromiida
| [[Gromiidea]]
| [[File:Die Gartenlaube (1890) b 083.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21230631|Q21230631]]
| [[Myzocytiopsidales]]
| Myzocytiopsidales
| [[Oomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21230668|Q21230668]]
| [[Pseudosporida]]
| Pseudosporida
| [[Proteomyxidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21230732|Q21230732]]
| [[Ceratoporellida]]
| Ceratoporellida
| [[Sclerosponge]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21230738|Q21230738]]
| [[Xenopneusta]]
| Xenopneusta
| [[Echiura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21231149|Q21231149]]
| [[Chancelloriida]]
| Chancelloriida
| [[Coeloscleritophoran]]
| [[File:Chancelloria eros fossil, Middle Cambrian, Millard County UT.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21231244|Q21231244]]
| [[Chaoyangornithiformes]]
| Chaoyangornithiformes
| [[Ornithurae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21231409|Q21231409]]
| [[Ptychomniales]]
| Ptychomniales
| [[Hypnanae]]
| [[File:Spread of Garovaglia sp controlled by a crustaceous lichen 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21286802|Q21286802]]
| [[Argulidea]]
| Argulidea
| [[Branchiura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21286919|Q21286919]]
| [[Aplousobranchiata]]
| Aplousobranchiata<ref name="ref_de8c9fe672414f92c15d9e49410da145a4ee5bc45b499ce27f117591c5d69b0f">''[[:d:Q130613998|Northwestern Pacific ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea). Part 1. Order Aplousobranchia]]''</ref>
| [[Tunicata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21286985|Q21286985]]
| [[Phlebobranchiata]]
| Phlebobranchiata
| [[Tunicata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287017|Q21287017]]
| [[Stolidobranchiata]]
| Stolidobranchiata
| [[Tunicata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287109|Q21287109]]
| [[Actiniarida]]
| Actiniarida
| [[Hexacorallia]]
| [[File:Actinostola.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287232|Q21287232]]
| [[Lobatida]]
| Lobatida
| [[Tentaculata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287277|Q21287277]]
| [[Umbraculida]]
| Umbraculida
| [[Tectipleura]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Umbraculum umbraculum - 2.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287540|Q21287540]]
| [[Pteriomorpha]]
| Pteriomorpha
| [[Lamellibranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287594|Q21287594]]
| [[Plasmodigenea]]
| Plasmodigenea
| [[Orthonectida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287606|Q21287606]]
| [[Stichocotylida]]
| Stichocotylida
| [[Aspidogastrea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287615|Q21287615]]
| [[Chimaericolidea]]
| Chimaericolidea
| [[Polyopisthocotylea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287625|Q21287625]]
| [[Polystomatidea]]
| Polystomatidea
| [[Polyopisthocotylea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21287758|Q21287758]]
| [[Onchoproteocephalidea]]
| Onchoproteocephalidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21768331|Q21768331]]
| [[Tetractinellida]]
| Tetractinellida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]
| [[File:Yellow pot sponge (Rhabdastrella globostellata).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22075467|Q22075467]]
| [[Carybdeida]]
| Carybdeida
| [[Cubozoa]]
| [[File:Irukandji-jellyfish-queensland-australia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22103970|Q22103970]]
| [[Eurynotoidiformes]]
| Eurynotoidiformes
| [[Palaeonisci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22104453|Q22104453]]
| [[Discordichthyiformes]]
| Discordichthyiformes
| [[Palaeonisci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22105778|Q22105778]]
| [[Lepidogalaxiiformes]]
| Lepidogalaxiiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Lepidogalaxii]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22105825|Q22105825]]
| [[Myllokunmingiformes]]
| Myllokunmingiformes
| [[Agnatha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22108070|Q22108070]]
| [[Holocentriformes]]
| Holocentriformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Holocentrimorphaceae]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22110878|Q22110878]]
| [[Actinophryida]]
| Actinophryida
| [[Nucleohelea]]<br/>[[Actinochrysea]]
| [[File:Actinophrys sol (phase contrast microscopy).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22286498|Q22286498]]
| [[Spirulinales]]
| Spirulinales
| [[Oscillatoriophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
| [[File:Spirulina 5.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22286707|Q22286707]]
| [[Hyaenodonta]]
| Hyaenodonta
| [[Pan-Carnivora]]
| [[File:Hyaenodonta.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22286714|Q22286714]]
| [[Stereopsidales]]
| Stereopsidales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
| [[File:Stereopsis humphreyi 56449.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22286816|Q22286816]]
| [[Diadematoidea]]
| Diadematoidea
| [[Echinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343349|Q22343349]]
| [[Bubarida]]
| Bubarida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]
| [[File:Acanthella acuta Schmidt, 1862.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343354|Q22343354]]
| [[Chondrosiida]]
| Chondrosiida
| [[Verongimorpha]]
| [[File:Chondrosia reniformis01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343356|Q22343356]]
| [[Clionaida]]
| Clionaida
| [[Demospongiae]]
| [[File:Spirastrella cunctatrix.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343357|Q22343357]]
| [[Desmacellida]]
| Desmacellida<ref name="ref_201edeb7ae35cd3010bcc6c2e72c8820bdb24dc946754f7689eeac9245bac9e6">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=845474</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_201edeb7ae35cd3010bcc6c2e72c8820bdb24dc946754f7689eeac9245bac9e6">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=845474</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343366|Q22343366]]
| [[Polymastiida]]
| Polymastiida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343368|Q22343368]]
| [[Spongillida]]
| Spongillida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]
| [[File:Spongilla lacustris.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343370|Q22343370]]
| [[Tethyida]]
| Tethyida<ref name="ref_1d390e27321892c15f8fe9b201089662c3cff1ebcf48179067832c5a1ff7f2a8">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=845507</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_1d390e27321892c15f8fe9b201089662c3cff1ebcf48179067832c5a1ff7f2a8">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=845507</ref>
| [[File:Tethya (10.5852-ejt.2019.529) Figure 4.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22343372|Q22343372]]
| [[Trachycladida]]
| Trachycladida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22669891|Q22669891]]
| [[Neohodgsoniales]]
| Neohodgsoniales<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[Marchantiidae]]<ref name="ref_0572b28956989bcbedf9d6cc9b2b32630bd2b584a66836826816f279d8f6dc17">''[[:d:Q22579849|Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref>
| [[File:Carpocephala of Neohodgsonia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22914688|Q22914688]]
| [[Hyphochytriales]]
| Hyphochytriales
| [[Hyphochytriomycetes]]<ref name="ref_54bd02a635afc81086f48f6e0ad530c03fd3b969ce4a09fa59e46a5fc9008508">''[[:d:Q82486|Encyclopedia of Life]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22919492|Q22919492]]
| [[Pirsoniales]]
| Pirsoniales
| [[Hyphochytrea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22997392|Q22997392]]
| [[Reighardiida]]
| Reighardiida
| [[Pentastomida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22997421|Q22997421]]
| [[Raillietiellida]]
| Raillietiellida
| [[Pentastomida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23015127|Q23015127]]
| [[Baracromia]]
| Baracromia
| [[Thunnosauria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23017627|Q23017627]]
| [[Liaoningornithiformes]]
| Liaoningornithiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23043640|Q23043640]]
| [[Birkeniiformes]]
| Birkeniiformes
| [[Anaspida]]
| [[File:Pterygolepis nitida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23043815|Q23043815]]
| [[Pleurostomatida]]
| Pleurostomatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Haptoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23043918|Q23043918]]
| [[Haptorida]]
| Haptorida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Haptoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23058510|Q23058510]]
| [[Sapeornithiformes]]
| Sapeornithiformes
| [[Pygostylia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070079|Q23070079]]
| [[Bolidomonadales]]
| Bolidomonadales
| [[Bolidophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070122|Q23070122]]
| [[Ardissoneales]]
| Ardissoneales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070125|Q23070125]]
| [[Climacospheniales]]
| Climacospheniales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070128|Q23070128]]
| [[Cyclophorales]]
| Cyclophorales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
| [[File:Cyclophora Castr in Péragallo 1851.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070129|Q23070129]]
| [[Licmophorales]]
| Licmophorales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070131|Q23070131]]
| [[Protoraphidales]]
| Protoraphidales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070133|Q23070133]]
| [[Rhabdonematales]]
| Rhabdonematales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
| [[File:Rhabdonema sp. H. Coupin 1868.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070134|Q23070134]]
| [[Rhaphoneidales]]
| Rhaphoneidales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
| [[File:Rhaphoneis sp. in Peragallo 1851.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070136|Q23070136]]
| [[Striatellales]]
| Striatellales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
| [[File:Striatella H. et M. Peragallo 1851.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070138|Q23070138]]
| [[Thalassionematales]]
| Thalassionematales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
| [[File:Thalassionema Grun Péragallo 1851.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070140|Q23070140]]
| [[Toxariales]]
| Toxariales
| [[Fragilariophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070182|Q23070182]]
| [[Blastocystida]]
| Blastocystida
| [[Blastocystea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070187|Q23070187]]
| [[Placidiida]]
| Placidiida
| [[Placididia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070197|Q23070197]]
| [[Katablepharidales]]
| Katablepharidales<ref name="ref_ab3973daf023fef568b49f71467c21da31b8be8b77f099a836007c77c92299e4">''[[:d:Q31005665|The katablepharids are a distant sister group of the Cryptophyta: A proposal for Katablepharidophyta divisio nova/ Kathablepharida phylum novum based on SSU rDNA and beta-tubulin phylogeny]]''</ref>
| [[Katablepharidophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070198|Q23070198]]
| [[Goniomonadales]]
| Goniomonadales<ref name="ref_1907a50b98982e87a6eaa507087f391deebe5f7e2c9948c6f45e27be273cf03c">''[[:d:Q104115715|Some proposals for a new classification system of the Cryptophyceae]]''</ref>
| [[Goniomonadophyceae]]
| [[File:Cyathomonas truncata in Engler et Prantl 1900.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070224|Q23070224]]
| [[Syracosphaerales]]
| Syracosphaerales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
| [[File:FMIB 53282 Squelette de Coronosphaera calycina Haeckel (Challenger).jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070225|Q23070225]]
| [[Zygodiscales]]
| Zygodiscales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070365|Q23070365]]
| [[Anisolpidiales]]
| Anisolpidiales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Oomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070369|Q23070369]]
| [[Developayellales]]
| Developayellales
| [[Bigyromonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23070376|Q23070376]]
| [[Rozellopsidales]]
| Rozellopsidales
| [[Oomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23091988|Q23091988]]
| [[Sandcoleiformes]]
| Sandcoleiformes
| [[Trogonomorphae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23196607|Q23196607]]
| [[Oligotrichida]]
| Oligotrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligotrich]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23196716|Q23196716]]
| [[Thigmotrichida]]
| Thigmotrichida
| [[Scuticociliatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23199866|Q23199866]]
| [[Dipteriformes]]
| Dipteriformes
| [[Osteichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23301574|Q23301574]]
| [[Prorodontida]]
| Prorodontida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Prostomatea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23301678|Q23301678]]
| [[Prostomatida]]
| Prostomatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Prostomatea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23303922|Q23303922]]
| [[Antiarchiformes]]
| Antiarchiformes
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23538285|Q23538285]]
| [[Dinoflagellida]]
| Dinoflagellida
| [[Phytomastigophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23680588|Q23680588]]
| [[Eubodonida]]
| Eubodonida
| [[Metakinetoplastina]]
| [[File:FMIB 40824 Boda caudatus.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23749470|Q23749470]]
| [[Docoglossa]]
| Docoglossa
| [[Eogastropoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23753074|Q23753074]]
| [[Ceratiomyxida]]
| Ceratiomyxida
| [[Myxogastrea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23753092|Q23753092]]
| [[Craspedida]]
| Craspedida<ref name="ref_34bc0fc69a97bf32d851c4d078a9fedc41953d88ade5871200aaf529fc6f017e">''[[:d:Q62085705|Amoeboflagellates and mitochondrial cristae in eukaryote evolution: megasystematics of the new protozoan subkingdoms Eozoa and Neozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Choanoflagellatea]]
| [[File:Monosiga Brevicollis Phase.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23753161|Q23753161]]
| [[Parabodonida]]
| Parabodonida
| [[Metakinetoplastina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23753163|Q23753163]]
| [[Neobodonida]]
| Neobodonida
| [[Metakinetoplastina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23768269|Q23768269]]
| [[Sclerosporales]]
| Sclerosporales
| [[Oomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23768277|Q23768277]]
| [[Fimbriimonadales]]
| Fimbriimonadales<ref name="ref_978be4add1dee8edd64becba369db056e716958a13bb72b3605088b55641c7e3">''[[:d:Q45322534|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Fimbriimonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23768281|Q23768281]]
| [[Chthonomonadales]]
| Chthonomonadales
| [[Chthonomonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781152|Q23781152]]
| [[Anarcestida]]
| Anarcestida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781160|Q23781160]]
| [[Phylloceratida]]
| Phylloceratida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781168|Q23781168]]
| [[Phylloceratitida]]
| Phylloceratitida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781173|Q23781173]]
| [[Lytocerida]]
| Lytocerida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781178|Q23781178]]
| [[Psiloceratida]]
| Psiloceratida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781190|Q23781190]]
| [[Praeglyphiocerida]]
| Praeglyphiocerida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781195|Q23781195]]
| [[Medlicottiida]]
| Medlicottiida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781199|Q23781199]]
| [[Tornocerida]]
| Tornocerida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781201|Q23781201]]
| [[Lytoceratida]]
| Lytoceratida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23781202|Q23781202]]
| [[Phyllocerida]]
| Phyllocerida
| [[Ammonoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23797212|Q23797212]]
| [[Rhizomastigida]]
| Rhizomastigida
| [[Archamoebea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23809401|Q23809401]]
| [[Halteriida]]
| Halteriida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Halteriia]]
| [[File:Halteria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23810342|Q23810342]]
| [[Choreotrichida]]
| Choreotrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligotrich]]<br/>[[Choreotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23810470|Q23810470]]
| [[Euplotida]]
| Euplotida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Hypotrichia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23810513|Q23810513]]
| [[Microthoracida]]
| Microthoracida
| [[Nassophorea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832068|Q23832068]]
| [[Lophodiniales]]
| Lophodiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832214|Q23832214]]
| [[Bicoecida]]
| Bicoecida
| [[Cyathobodoniae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832301|Q23832301]]
| [[Pseudodendromonida]]
| Pseudodendromonida
| [[Cyathobodoniae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832631|Q23832631]]
| [[Distomatineae]]
| Distomatineae
| [[Flagellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832633|Q23832633]]
| [[Protomastigineae]]
| Protomastigineae
| [[Flagellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832634|Q23832634]]
| [[Pantostomatineae]]
| Pantostomatineae
| [[Flagellatae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832654|Q23832654]]
| [[Bodonidea]]
| Bodonidea
| [[Protomonadina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23832661|Q23832661]]
| [[Protomyxidea]]
| Protomyxidea
| [[Heliozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23840154|Q23840154]]
| [[Brevinematales]]
| Brevinematales<ref name="ref_9359c89a0c4378f31e8862f3d170072fb7d70937d185d18a8e104caf99981799">''[[:d:Q45332770|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Spirochaetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23937540|Q23937540]]
| [[Icacinales]]
| Icacinales<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Icacina senegalensis MS 4687.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23937548|Q23937548]]
| [[Metteniusales]]
| Metteniusales
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Metteniusa tessmanniana 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23942653|Q23942653]]
| [[Vahliales]]
| Vahliales<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[lamiids]]<ref name="ref_0303c5a81833512e1031f9c4da00ad4804acd2b29b0a3572354e7281145a630b">''[[:d:Q23803501|An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV]]''</ref>
| [[File:Vahlia capensis 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24006689|Q24006689]]
| [[Xenusiida]]
| Xenusiida
| [[Xenusia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24026124|Q24026124]]
| [[Phagodinida]]
| Phagodinida
| [[Phagodinia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24048470|Q24048470]]
| [[Mantamonadida]]
| Mantamonadida
| [[Apusozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24048474|Q24048474]]
| [[Microhelida]]
| Microhelida<ref name="ref_befa3f94ed07828286001d81aa1172a0d61dc33839f42a3d601847e97863ecd2">''[[:d:Q34239332|Microheliella maris (Microhelida ord. n.), an ultrastructurally highly distinctive new axopodial protist species and genus, and the unity of phylum Heliozoa.]]''</ref>
| [[Endohelea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24048480|Q24048480]]
| [[Hypotrichomonadida]]
| Hypotrichomonadida<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
| [[Hypotrichomonadea]]<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24048481|Q24048481]]
| [[Tritrichomonadida]]
| Tritrichomonadida<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
| [[Tritrichomonadea]]<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Tritrichomonas foetus (259 26) Cultured.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24048483|Q24048483]]
| [[Cristamonadida]]
| Cristamonadida<ref name="ref_452f443fc34a157344da895d8941bc6f908d24b467a0dca175a7e4bfc971a44c">''[[:d:Q104430830|Ultrastructure of Joenina pulchella Grassi, 1917 (Protista, Parabasalia), a reassessment of evolutionary trends in the parabasalids, and a new order Cristamonadida for devescovinid, calonymphid and lophomonad flagellates]]''</ref>
| [[Cristamonadea]]<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mixotricha paradoxa color and.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24056656|Q24056656]]
| [[Ebriales]]
| Ebriales
| [[Ebriophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24192225|Q24192225]]
| [[Echinostomatida]]
| Echinostomatida
| [[Digenea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24884870|Q24884870]]
| [[Orbales]]
| Orbales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25095426|Q25095426]]
| [[Sclerorhynchiformes]]
| Sclerorhynchiformes
| [[Batomorphii]]
| [[File:Sclerorhynchidae - Libanopristis hiram.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25095560|Q25095560]]
| [[Cephalaspidida]]
| Cephalaspidida
| [[Cephalaspidomorphi]]
| [[File:Cephalaspis tenuicornis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25095672|Q25095672]]
| [[Prioniodinida]]
| Prioniodinida
| [[Conodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25360644|Q25360644]]
| [[Planomonadida]]
| Planomonadida<ref name="ref_87e147012347efa614d55f2472833597239fb4536eaae5c7af6388a6d1172818">''[[:d:Q28291678|Planomonadida ord. nov. (Apusozoa): ultrastructural affinity with Micronuclearia podoventralis and deep divergences within Planomonas gen. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Hilomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25360916|Q25360916]]
| [[Strombidiida]]
| Strombidiida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:FMIB 40856 Strombidium caudalum.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25360981|Q25360981]]
| [[Kiitrichida]]
| Kiitrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Hypotrichia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361788|Q25361788]]
| [[Licnophorida]]
| Licnophorida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Licnophoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361822|Q25361822]]
| [[Protocruziida]]
| Protocruziida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Protocruziidia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361829|Q25361829]]
| [[Plagiotomida]]
| Plagiotomida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Stichotrich]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361863|Q25361863]]
| [[Urostylida]]
| Urostylida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Stichotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361876|Q25361876]]
| [[Bryometopida]]
| Bryometopida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Colpodea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361878|Q25361878]]
| [[Bryophryida]]
| Bryophryida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Colpodea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361883|Q25361883]]
| [[Bursariomorphida]]
| Bursariomorphida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Colpodea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361885|Q25361885]]
| [[Cyrtolophosidida]]
| Cyrtolophosidida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Colpodea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361889|Q25361889]]
| [[Sorogenida]]
| Sorogenida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Colpodea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25361932|Q25361932]]
| [[Synhymeniida]]
| Synhymeniida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Nassophorea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362009|Q25362009]]
| [[Astomatophorida]]
| Astomatophorida
| [[Apostomatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362022|Q25362022]]
| [[Pilisuctorida]]
| Pilisuctorida
| [[Apostomatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362081|Q25362081]]
| [[Hymenostomatida]]
| Hymenostomatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Hymenostome]]
| [[File:Tetrahymena thermophila.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362084|Q25362084]]
| [[Ophryoglenida]]
| Ophryoglenida
| [[Hymenostome]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362091|Q25362091]]
| [[Tetrahymenida]]
| Tetrahymenida
| [[Hymenostome]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362362|Q25362362]]
| [[Pleuronematida]]
| Pleuronematida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Scuticociliatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362745|Q25362745]]
| [[Cryptogemmida]]
| Cryptogemmida
| [[Chonotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362748|Q25362748]]
| [[Exogemmida]]
| Exogemmida
| [[Chonotrich]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362750|Q25362750]]
| [[Hypocomatida]]
| Hypocomatida
| [[Rhynchodia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362753|Q25362753]]
| [[Rhynchodida]]
| Rhynchodida
| [[Rhynchodia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25362756|Q25362756]]
| [[Evaginogenida]]
| Evaginogenida
| [[Suctoria]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25363680|Q25363680]]
| [[Phacodiniida]]
| Phacodiniida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Intramacronucleata]]<br/>[[Phacodiniidia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25364049|Q25364049]]
| [[Acrocoelida]]
| Acrocoelida<ref name="ref_b3b6955dfda9961f6a234d3fd30cf4832f6b3b37394838e2e82d3a428d2fc773">''[[:d:Q54540793|Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.)]]''</ref>
| [[Apicomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25364126|Q25364126]]
| [[Brachidiniales]]
| Brachidiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
| [[File:Karenia brevis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25364131|Q25364131]]
| [[Dinamoebida]]
| Dinamoebida
| [[Peridinea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25364132|Q25364132]]
| [[Nannoceratopsida]]
| Nannoceratopsida
| [[Dinophysoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25364135|Q25364135]]
| [[Gloediniales]]
| Gloediniales
| [[Dinoflagellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365721|Q25365721]]
| [[Algovorida]]
| Algovorida
| [[Colponemea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365723|Q25365723]]
| [[Chilovorida]]
| Chilovorida
| [[Myzomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365869|Q25365869]]
| [[Micronucleariida]]
| Micronucleariida
| [[Hilomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365872|Q25365872]]
| [[Mantomonadida]]
| Mantomonadida
| [[Thecomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365874|Q25365874]]
| [[Borokida]]
| Borokida
| [[Borokiae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365875|Q25365875]]
| [[Anoecida]]
| Anoecida
| [[Cyathobodoniae]]
| [[File:Cafeteria roenbergensis FENCHEL and D J PATTERSON schematic drawing.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365888|Q25365888]]
| [[Labyrinthulida]]
| Labyrinthulida
| [[Labyrinthulomycetes]]
| [[File:Labyrinthula vitellina a1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25365893|Q25365893]]
| [[Thraustochytriida]]
| Thraustochytriida
| [[Labyrinthulomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366019|Q25366019]]
| [[Rhaponeidales]]
| Rhaponeidales
| [[Bacillariophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366201|Q25366201]]
| [[Rhinopristiformes]]
| Rhinopristiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Batoidea]]<br/>[[elasmobranchio]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Rhinobatos Rhinobatos.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366231|Q25366231]]
| [[Chaetocerales]]
| Chaetocerales
| [[Chaetocerotanae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366234|Q25366234]]
| [[Stictocycales]]
| Stictocycales
| [[Coscinodiscanae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366599|Q25366599]]
| [[Aurearenales]]
| Aurearenales
| [[Aurearenophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366603|Q25366603]]
| [[Chrysomeridales]]
| Chrysomeridales
| [[Chrysomerophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366609|Q25366609]]
| [[Chloramoebales]]
| Chloramoebales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
| [[File:Chloramoeba heteromorpha Henri Coupin 1868.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25366944|Q25366944]]
| [[Pleurochloridellales]]
| Pleurochloridellales
| [[Phaeophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25367499|Q25367499]]
| [[Raphidomonadales]]
| Raphidomonadales
| [[Raphidophyte]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25367502|Q25367502]]
| [[Acanthonida]]
| Acanthonida
| [[Acantharia]]
| [[File:Acantharia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368171|Q25368171]]
| [[Marimonadida]]
| Marimonadida
| [[Imbricatea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368196|Q25368196]]
| [[Metromonadida]]
| Metromonadida
| [[Metromonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368761|Q25368761]]
| [[Tremulida]]
| Tremulida<ref name="ref_d867c5060e2dd5ff9261542004db6c5190a08d04316b1be4c5d8297108ca650c">''[[:d:Q33812343|Novel Cultured Protists Identify Deep-branching Environmental DNA Clades of Cercozoa: New Genera Tremula, Micrometopion, Minimassisteria, Nudifila, Peregrinia]]''</ref>
| [[Skiomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368763|Q25368763]]
| [[Sticholonchida]]
| Sticholonchida
| [[Sticholonchea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368770|Q25368770]]
| [[Phaeodendrida]]
| Phaeodendrida
| [[Phaeodaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368771|Q25368771]]
| [[Phaeogromida]]
| Phaeogromida
| [[Phaeodaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368773|Q25368773]]
| [[Phaeogymnocellida]]
| Phaeogymnocellida
| [[Phaeodaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25368776|Q25368776]]
| [[Ventricleftida]]
| Ventricleftida
| [[Thecofilosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25373990|Q25373990]]
| [[Synchytriales]]
| Synchytriales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[fungo]]<br/>[[Synchytriomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25384198|Q25384198]]
| [[Cyprilepadiformes]]
| Cyprilepadiformes
| [[Thoracica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25385804|Q25385804]]
| [[Venerida]]
| Venerida
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Venus verrucosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25385817|Q25385817]]
| [[Pectinida]]
| Pectinida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
| [[File:Aequipecten opercularis MHNT CON 2003 1171 de Roquemaurel.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25398124|Q25398124]]
| [[Arandaspidiformes]]
| Arandaspidiformes
| [[Arandaspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25398973|Q25398973]]
| [[Youngolepidiformes]]
| Youngolepidiformes
| [[Porolepimorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25398984|Q25398984]]
| [[Eriptychiiformes]]
| Eriptychiiformes
| [[Astraspida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25399065|Q25399065]]
| [[Gyrodontiformes]]
| Gyrodontiformes
| [[Pycnodontomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25399188|Q25399188]]
| [[Catervarioliformes]]
| Catervarioliformes
| [[Teleostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25399582|Q25399582]]
| [[Osteostraciformes]]
| Osteostraciformes
| [[Cephalaspidomorphi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25399686|Q25399686]]
| [[Mongolepidiformes]]
| Mongolepidiformes
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25399714|Q25399714]]
| [[Bransonelliformes]]
| Bransonelliformes
| [[Xenacanthimorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25406753|Q25406753]]
| [[Cystoflagellata]]
| Cystoflagellata
| [[Noctilucea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407374|Q25407374]]
| [[Armophorida]]
| Armophorida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Armophorea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407433|Q25407433]]
| [[Clevelandellida]]
| Clevelandellida
| [[Armophorea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407553|Q25407553]]
| [[Protoheterotrichida]]
| Protoheterotrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Karyorelictea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407564|Q25407564]]
| [[Protostomatida]]
| Protostomatida
| [[Karyorelictea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407700|Q25407700]]
| [[Trichostomatida]]
| Trichostomatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Vestibulifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407791|Q25407791]]
| [[Actiniscales]]
| Actiniscales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407800|Q25407800]]
| [[Amphilothales]]
| Amphilothales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407852|Q25407852]]
| [[Pyrocystales]]
| Pyrocystales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407856|Q25407856]]
| [[Thalassomycetales]]
| Thalassomycetales
| [[Dinophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25407912|Q25407912]]
| [[Leprocaulales]]
| Leprocaulales
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
| [[File:Leprocaulon microscopicum - Flickr - pellaea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25408019|Q25408019]]
| [[Rastrimonadida]]
| Rastrimonadida
| [[Perkinsea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25408078|Q25408078]]
| [[Venturiales]]
| Venturiales<ref name="ref_7c00f3d921f8f89d504049e7c270ae9b5526ea4c76436581b34c7cb38d915aac">''[[:d:Q34173231|A molecular, morphological and ecological re-appraisal of Venturiales-a new order of Dothideomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Schurft bij appel (Venturia inaequalis on Malus domestica 'Schone van Boskoop').jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25411100|Q25411100]]
| [[Thallochrysidales]]
| Thallochrysidales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25411133|Q25411133]]
| [[Choristocarpales]]
| Choristocarpales
| [[Phaeophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25411349|Q25411349]]
| [[Chlamydomyxales]]
| Chlamydomyxales<ref name="ref_d2feb31a27374cb7eb8fc3303b8456fc809e4430fc15d7e0de6510e8c7fd7251">http://organismnames.com/details.htm?lsid=1835126</ref>
| [[Picophagea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25411350|Q25411350]]
| [[Picophagales]]
| Picophagales
| [[Picophagea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25411351|Q25411351]]
| [[Schizocladiales]]
| Schizocladiales
| [[Schizocladiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412313|Q25412313]]
| [[Pansomonadida]]
| Pansomonadida
| [[Sarcomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412428|Q25412428]]
| [[Phaeoconchida]]
| Phaeoconchida
| [[Phaeodaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412440|Q25412440]]
| [[Phaeocystida]]
| Phaeocystida
| [[Phaeodaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412597|Q25412597]]
| [[Cladochytriales]]
| Cladochytriales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_cfcf089845c6a8c553ceeb432c904a959ab1c8f54e241f19a63f6dcb0404ebca">''[[:d:Q44507115|Cladochytriales--a new order in Chytridiomycota]]''</ref>
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]<br/>[[Cladochytriomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[File:Cellulose Chytrids TVP12 005.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25448958|Q25448958]]
| [[Melanconiales]]
| Melanconiales
| [[Coelomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25803969|Q25803969]]
| [[Eugeneodontiformes]]
| Eugeneodontiformes
| [[Euchondrocephali]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25852390|Q25852390]]
| [[Ploeotiida]]
| Ploeotiida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Ploeotarea]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25859366|Q25859366]]
| [[Prokinetoplastida]]
| Prokinetoplastida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Prokinetoplastina]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25859717|Q25859717]]
| [[Postgaardida]]
| Postgaardida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref><ref name="ref_614fb8f075f79819a8e5dacfa2ef160947f7237cfd6bac90b82407d11bdf8b00">''[[:d:Q30885386|The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Postgaardea]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25891867|Q25891867]]
| [[Pharyngomonadida]]
| Pharyngomonadida<ref name="ref_fb6656b9ac51ad36b8aa29423f65ef017f6056d1e9e633546cb27686df7486ab">''[[:d:Q28305642|The zooflagellates Stephanopogon and Percolomonas are a clade (class Percolatea: Phylum Percolozoa)]]''</ref>
| [[Pharyngomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25893279|Q25893279]]
| [[Pseudociliatida]]
| Pseudociliatida
| [[Percolatea]]
| [[File:Stephanopogon sp.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25936347|Q25936347]]
| [[Haloferacales]]
| Haloferacales
| [[Halobacteria]]
| [[File:Haloferax volcanii.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25998044|Q25998044]]
| [[Natrialbales]]
| Natrialbales
| [[Halobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26132294|Q26132294]]
| [[Methanomassiliicoccales]]
| Methanomassiliicoccales<ref name="ref_67cc54ddecc2a20f1d6c9d75e8daa34bdbe29ae1867a8ca02b506739a871e3df">''[[:d:Q45329259|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Thermoplasmata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26208693|Q26208693]]
| [[Nevskiales]]
| Nevskiales<ref name="ref_8b141781a9c70f24afa12ee6436ea993bb2faa74c1ae82fa0f448a3ba599fcf6">''[[:d:Q28109626|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26209135|Q26209135]]
| [[Kosmotogales]]
| Kosmotogales<ref name="ref_8d06ccf6b9cacfb9dd1acddd6b9659e11957fb6c68c952389c70db0a535d18b0">''[[:d:Q45334369|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Thermotogae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26209675|Q26209675]]
| [[Arenicellales]]
| Arenicellales<ref name="ref_c15820041bfb2d7c40c0ee56ee1018e641c3ce784f870d8eb356f7b9243c5020">''[[:d:Q30865532|Perspicuibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a semi-transparent bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and description of Arenicellaceae fam. nov. and Arenicellales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26209693|Q26209693]]
| [[Blastocatellales]]
| Blastocatellales<ref name="ref_6d382414a84add6365f80536edfcf9f7c48ae6ed840567ef8e146fdcc5ae45ef">''[[:d:Q45340584|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Blastocatellia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26209710|Q26209710]]
| [[Balneolales]]
| Balneolales<ref name="ref_5e599c42960a8741099d7ac6bc249cd1ac4305ee3fbb1d8859a698ce01666176">''[[:d:Q45759877|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Balneolia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26211121|Q26211121]]
| [[Eggerthellales]]
| Eggerthellales
| [[Coriobacteriia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26212848|Q26212848]]
| [[Frankiales]]
| Frankiales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26219769|Q26219769]]
| [[Acidiferrobacterales]]
| Acidiferrobacterales<ref name="ref_67e01181a30d6a0bcbae58adba25767731202e5cefe4d290a0e097bc8df1289e">''[[:d:Q30983684|Sulfurifustis variabilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a sulfur oxidizer isolated from a lake, and proposal of Acidiferrobacteraceae fam. nov. and Acidiferrobacterales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220202|Q26220202]]
| [[Tissierellales]]
| Tissierellales
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220301|Q26220301]]
| [[Ardenticatenales]]
| Ardenticatenales
| [[Ardenticatenia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220313|Q26220313]]
| [[Bradymonadales]]
| Bradymonadales<ref name="ref_2dde94fd5b070c43944ce434343409dc4192df55c0b1bb1f1f4aa75c64a7ee6c">''[[:d:Q30899438|Bradymonas sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment, and description of Bradymonadaceae fam. nov. and Bradymonadales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Deltaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220327|Q26220327]]
| [[Chitinivibrionales]]
| Chitinivibrionales<ref name="ref_c1bf6ede9a5b04dddc88d237cb62cad1a7e5ab20f1217901a35c9cfff5bc4a91">''[[:d:Q45339298|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Chitinivibrionia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220336|Q26220336]]
| [[Chthoniobacterales]]
| Chthoniobacterales
| [[Terrimicrobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220342|Q26220342]]
| [[Petrotogales]]
| Petrotogales<ref name="ref_8d06ccf6b9cacfb9dd1acddd6b9659e11957fb6c68c952389c70db0a535d18b0">''[[:d:Q45334369|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Thermotogae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220363|Q26220363]]
| [[Kallotenuales]]
| Kallotenuales<ref name="ref_584b2dbecb6fe4596aff6e28b1fba5ba9ae6a1b17e231bd874ef32532802fa7f">''[[:d:Q34364326|Kallotenue papyrolyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., a cellulolytic and filamentous thermophile that represents a novel lineage (Kallotenuales ord. nov., Kallotenuaceae fam. nov.) within the class Chloroflexia]]''</ref>
| [[Chloroflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220376|Q26220376]]
| [[Kiloniellales]]
| Kiloniellales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220382|Q26220382]]
| [[Ktedonobacterales]]
| Ktedonobacterales<ref name="ref_8164b1fed3c0d867a5b4e965c75dd31caaea56c3534b249ac7b2fa723d916f17">''[[:d:Q45317522|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Ktedonobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220410|Q26220410]]
| [[Limnochordales]]
| Limnochordales<ref name="ref_4ea13a9e2de371c3de4f2038155be35cae59fef61cbd383bfb33b98deba244b8">''[[:d:Q30937440|Limnochorda pilosa gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic bacterium and proposal of Limnochordaceae fam. nov., Limnochordales ord. nov. and Limnochordia classis nov. in the phylum Firmicutes]]''</ref>
| [[Limnochordia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26220418|Q26220418]]
| [[Mesoaciditogales]]
| Mesoaciditogales<ref name="ref_1046731ba82b71b1750b3670b285d734ce03cdf167d97635d0565060f3b8df44">''[[:d:Q31031267|Athalassotoga saccharophila gen. nov. sp. nov. isolated from an acidic terrestrial hot spring of Japan, and proposal of Mesoaciditogales ord. nov., Mesoaciditogaceae fam. nov. in the phylum Thermotogae.]]''</ref>
| [[Thermotogae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26225489|Q26225489]]
| [[Puniceicoccales]]
| Puniceicoccales<ref name="ref_f81575408f20ca3d6c3213b291c1e08d192bf82c92517cc6cce7538862e0d8d2">''[[:d:Q33276115|Puniceicoccus vermicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium, and description of Puniceicoccaceae fam. nov., Puniceicoccales ord. nov., Opitutaceae fam. nov., Opitutales ord. nov. and Opitutae classis nov. in the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'.]]''</ref>
| [[Opitutia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26226428|Q26226428]]
| [[Tsukubamonadida]]
| Tsukubamonadida
| [[Tsukubea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265264|Q26265264]]
| [[Acidothermales]]
| Acidothermales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265265|Q26265265]]
| [[Actinopolysporales]]
| Actinopolysporales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265266|Q26265266]]
| [[Catenulisporales]]
| Catenulisporales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265267|Q26265267]]
| [[Corynebacteriales]]
| Corynebacteriales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265270|Q26265270]]
| [[Geodermatophilales]]
| Geodermatophilales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265271|Q26265271]]
| [[Glycomycetales]]
| Glycomycetales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265272|Q26265272]]
| [[Jiangellales]]
| Jiangellales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265273|Q26265273]]
| [[Kineosporiales]]
| Kineosporiales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265274|Q26265274]]
| [[Micrococcales]]
| Micrococcales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:SEM of Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265276|Q26265276]]
| [[Micromonosporales]]
| Micromonosporales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265277|Q26265277]]
| [[Nakamurellales]]
| Nakamurellales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265278|Q26265278]]
| [[Propionibacteriales]]
| Propionibacteriales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265279|Q26265279]]
| [[Pseudonocardiales]]
| Pseudonocardiales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265280|Q26265280]]
| [[Streptomycetales]]
| Streptomycetales
| [[Actinobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265281|Q26265281]]
| [[Streptosporangiales]]
| Streptosporangiales<ref name="ref_6a451ebf6eb9feb412ab68fc9c30f0c4dc6c3baaa9ebc12a77930afa5bc9ccf4">''[[:d:Q45339879|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26265282|Q26265282]]
| [[Actinomarinales]]
| Actinomarinales
| [[Actinomycetota]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26267708|Q26267708]]
| [[Egibacterales]]
| Egibacterales<ref name="ref_33cdf2700796818509fb64f5d4bd04630a43cd32fc8e57158cbd7099b3a3d6bd">''[[:d:Q31012505|Egibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligately halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic actinobacterium and proposal of Egibaceraceae fam. nov. and Egibacterales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Nitriliruptoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26267711|Q26267711]]
| [[Egicoccales]]
| Egicoccales<ref name="ref_7994b0daac7d468a83e705921c17df4ed012143be0944faad431fc6ac48fa704">''[[:d:Q31020387|Egicoccus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic, alkalitolerant actinobacterium and proposal of Egicoccaceae fam. nov. and Egicoccales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Nitriliruptoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26267714|Q26267714]]
| [[Euzebyales]]
| Euzebyales
| [[Nitriliruptoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26267717|Q26267717]]
| [[Nitriliruptorales]]
| Nitriliruptorales<ref name="ref_51f8349038da982ddba4793a3863533aa4fc09835b9a1f9fbdbe11ab948e80f5">''[[:d:Q33406096|Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a deep-lineage haloalkaliphilic actinobacterium from soda lakes capable of growth on aliphatic nitriles, and proposal of Nitriliruptoraceae fam. nov. and Nitriliruptorales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Nitriliruptoria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26270666|Q26270666]]
| [[Gaiellales]]
| Gaiellales<ref name="ref_0b02e7e3ea4aa0a944cf4bea9551588be52d214f718c9a4d7db27c9f65a0df37">''[[:d:Q34013322|Gaiella occulta gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of a deep branching phylogenetic lineage within the class Actinobacteria and proposal of Gaiellaceae fam. nov. and Gaiellales ord. nov.]]''</ref><ref name="ref_24d2d46705db916133cd4c2b6023f23e2d8cb719fea51d23f6bedb46c0c2286c">''[[:d:Q45322205|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Thermoleophilia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26270677|Q26270677]]
| [[Thermoleophilales]]
| Thermoleophilales
| [[Thermoleophilia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26270680|Q26270680]]
| [[Desulfurobacteriales]]
| Desulfurobacteriales<ref name="ref_8d6408e375bd3df437426745d57bd46a61c936bef1025cad2a5446499ec2d841">''[[:d:Q45330503|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Aquificia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26292257|Q26292257]]
| [[Chitinophagales]]
| Chitinophagales<ref name="ref_5e599c42960a8741099d7ac6bc249cd1ac4305ee3fbb1d8859a698ce01666176">''[[:d:Q45759877|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Chitinophagia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26433983|Q26433983]]
| [[Cnemidolestodea]]
| Cnemidolestodea
| [[Archaeorthoptera]]<br/>[[Plecopteroidea]]<ref name="ref_30eda01b851830296e9985a684af13a7c617c5636bb9984bf0f9a7c780075447">''[[:d:Q109909801|Classification of the order Cnemidolestida (Insecta: Perlidea) with descriptions of new taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26447018|Q26447018]]
| [[Dehalococcoidales]]
| Dehalococcoidales<ref name="ref_843df279601ec7790adf29ca172f0887c38c9e7580757de1a43c95f5cf10e7ae">''[[:d:Q45339777|Dehalococcoides mccartyi gen. nov., sp. nov., obligately organohalide-respiring anaerobic bacteria relevant to halogen cycling and bioremediation, belong to a novel bacterial class, Dehalococcoidia classis nov., order Dehalococcoidales ord. nov. a...]]''</ref>
| [[Dehalococcoidia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26447026|Q26447026]]
| [[Thermogemmatisporales]]
| Thermogemmatisporales<ref name="ref_cfe5c11b194958e6dccea47af37f89dd4c0c1b9a64774b52b308acaf57055185">''[[:d:Q33584935|Thermogemmatispora onikobensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Thermogemmatispora foliorum sp. nov., isolated from fallen leaves on geothermal soils, and description of Thermogemmatisporaceae fam. nov. and Thermogemmatisporales ord. nov. within the class Kt]]''</ref>
| [[Ktedonobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26447028|Q26447028]]
| [[Thermoflexales]]
| Thermoflexales
| [[Thermoflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26629556|Q26629556]]
| [[Metchnikovellida]]
| Metchnikovellida
| [[Metchnikovellea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26698966|Q26698966]]
| [[Sneathiellales]]
| Sneathiellales<ref name="ref_3d56dbd1ae10ec41dd09bba8d7795e12b751426ff40c3a9a6041c9c9559bbd8d">''[[:d:Q31148553|Sneathiella glossodoripedis sp. nov., a marine alphaproteobacterium isolated from the nudibranch Glossodoris cincta, and proposal of Sneathiellales ord. nov. and Sneathiellaceae fam. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26699300|Q26699300]]
| [[Oligosphaerales]]
| Oligosphaerales
| [[Oligosphaeria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26700299|Q26700299]]
| [[Salinisphaerales]]
| Salinisphaerales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26700334|Q26700334]]
| [[Sulfuricellales]]
| Sulfuricellales<ref name="ref_9eb7546d09a7930222132fb08421dd0a4cb80cea027ff7f005c9a8fb4510d7ef">''[[:d:Q30896833|Sulfuriferula multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake, reclassification of ‘Thiobacillus plumbophilus’ as Sulfuriferula plumbophilus sp. nov., and description of Sulfuricellaceae fam. nov. and Sulfuricellales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26704395|Q26704395]]
| [[Bactritida]]
| Bactritida
| [[Bactritida]]
| [[File:Bactritida-ammonoidea evolution morphology.PNG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26713533|Q26713533]]
| [[Alienoptera]]
| Alienoptera
| [[Dictyoptera]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26740301|Q26740301]]
| [[Hypermastigida]]
| Hypermastigida<ref name="ref_98d02a1e172c91ba54374567aaba64f4af48747cbe376647ab214856210a6c8b">''[[:d:Q110253945|Intorno ai protozoi dei termiti]]''</ref>
| [[Zoomastigophora]]
| [[File:Hypermastigida.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26787975|Q26787975]]
| [[Reculida]]
| Reculida<ref name="ref_15e114a1455aede9dccd176e7c422086e42d13bacca1355b38b16832c9dc2ee6">''[[:d:Q109909854|Classification of the order Eoblattida (Insecta: Blattidea) with description of new taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Pterygota]]<br/>[[Polyneoptera]]<ref name="ref_15e114a1455aede9dccd176e7c422086e42d13bacca1355b38b16832c9dc2ee6">''[[:d:Q109909854|Classification of the order Eoblattida (Insecta: Blattidea) with description of new taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26827235|Q26827235]]
| [[Chroococcidiopsidales]]
| Chroococcidiopsidales
| [[Oscillatoriophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26832437|Q26832437]]
| [[Aporidea]]
| Aporidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26832543|Q26832543]]
| [[Heliolitida]]
| Heliolitida
| [[Tabulata]]
| [[File:Museum Mensch und Natur - catenipora.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26832562|Q26832562]]
| [[Runcinacea]]
| Runcinacea
| [[Opisthobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26833580|Q26833580]]
| [[Tubuliporata]]
| Tubuliporata
| [[Stenolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26836786|Q26836786]]
| [[Oligoflexales]]
| Oligoflexales<ref name="ref_8b6876a8cdadf61bbc79a3576dcddd9d29a694c79abb164d08d306081db8b7dc">''[[:d:Q30836028|Oligoflexus tunisiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative, aerobic, filamentous bacterium of a novel proteobacterial lineage, and description of Oligoflexaceae fam. nov., Oligoflexales ord. nov. and Oligoflexia classis nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Oligoflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26836908|Q26836908]]
| [[Rhodothermales]]
| Rhodothermales<ref name="ref_5e599c42960a8741099d7ac6bc249cd1ac4305ee3fbb1d8859a698ce01666176">''[[:d:Q45759877|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Rhodothermia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26837573|Q26837573]]
| [[Brachyspirales]]
| Brachyspirales<ref name="ref_9359c89a0c4378f31e8862f3d170072fb7d70937d185d18a8e104caf99981799">''[[:d:Q45332770|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Spirochaetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26837619|Q26837619]]
| [[Leptospirales]]
| Leptospirales
| [[Spirochaetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Leptospira interrogans strain RGA 01.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26839060|Q26839060]]
| [[Volynitida]]
| Volynitida
| [[Trompetoconarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26844123|Q26844123]]
| [[Fibromonadales]]
| Fibromonadales
| [[Fibrobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26844239|Q26844239]]
| [[Chitinispirillales]]
| Chitinispirillales<ref name="ref_a25afa24983402a023c867220d977742cc38109a08b24c472b80b2f949d8751f">''[[:d:Q45340843|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Chitinispirillia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26844251|Q26844251]]
| [[Endomicrobiales]]
| Endomicrobiales<ref name="ref_4e93640b70a3f593a79b634996dbc94be8601d512541d1ae04a518dd3d20baf4">''[[:d:Q84957783|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Endomicrobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26844272|Q26844272]]
| [[Veillonellales]]
| Veillonellales
| [[Negativicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26844274|Q26844274]]
| [[Acidaminococcales]]
| Acidaminococcales
| [[Negativicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26869649|Q26869649]]
| [[Mytilida]]
| Mytilida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Miesmuscheln.1420.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26869740|Q26869740]]
| [[Longimicrobiales]]
| Longimicrobiales
| [[Longimicrobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26878724|Q26878724]]
| [[Nitrospinales]]
| Nitrospinales
| [[Nitrospinia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26878732|Q26878732]]
| [[Phycisphaerales]]
| Phycisphaerales<ref name="ref_9b6e1b21b7b3f6251dbd57de7cc8aa20d9be82fabc65adbb20bd4d4dafefcf62">''[[:d:Q33495971|Phycisphaera mikurensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a marine alga, and proposal of Phycisphaeraceae fam. nov., Phycisphaerales ord. nov. and Phycisphaerae classis nov. in the phylum Planctomycetes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_205270fb7053e07cd53789b411bb4d99ae96f31c315beea79846a1c94d4d71da">''[[:d:Q45319845|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Phycisphaerae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Fmicb-11-602250-g004D.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26878753|Q26878753]]
| [[Tepidisphaerales]]
| Tepidisphaerales<ref name="ref_9ae2bb55b9257894cd3e0904af5ade67e9248915c44c694f65a41bdf4a836d7c">''[[:d:Q30870343|Tepidisphaera mucosa gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic member of the class Phycisphaerae in the phylum Planctomycetes, and proposal of a new family, Tepidisphaeraceae fam. nov., and a new order, Tepidisphaerales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Phycisphaerae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26885628|Q26885628]]
| [[Odontaspidida]]
| Odontaspidida
| [[Lamnae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26896795|Q26896795]]
| [[Xylonales]]
| Xylonales
| [[Xylonomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26902955|Q26902955]]
| [[Tritirachiales]]
| Tritirachiales
| [[Tritirachiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26911210|Q26911210]]
| [[Petalichthida]]
| Petalichthida
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26932005|Q26932005]]
| [[Ferrovales]]
| Ferrovales
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26932009|Q26932009]]
| [[Ferritrophicales]]
| Ferritrophicales
| [[Betaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27022164|Q27022164]]
| [[Rhodothalassiales]]
| Rhodothalassiales<ref name="ref_ccd1f68ac33346b8dde9dcb2049dea5ad2096284563ce91642cc1d5ada64974f">''[[:d:Q44928975|Emended description of the genus Rhodothalassium Imhoff et al., 1998 and proposal of Rhodothalassiaceae fam. nov. and Rhodothalassiales ord. nov.]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e18a30867cff203314c7da92021d906ed30084ececd0928332e0320e22a95dbf">''[[:d:Q45338971|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27057016|Q27057016]]
| [[Opitutales]]
| Opitutales<ref name="ref_f81575408f20ca3d6c3213b291c1e08d192bf82c92517cc6cce7538862e0d8d2">''[[:d:Q33276115|Puniceicoccus vermicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium, and description of Puniceicoccaceae fam. nov., Puniceicoccales ord. nov., Opitutaceae fam. nov., Opitutales ord. nov. and Opitutae classis nov. in the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'.]]''</ref>
| [[Opitutia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27057035|Q27057035]]
| [[Archaeorhizomycetales]]
| Archaeorhizomycetales
| [[Archaeorhizomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27067997|Q27067997]]
| [[Trepostomida]]
| Trepostomida
| [[Stenolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27084588|Q27084588]]
| [[Anomalosdesmata]]
| Anomalosdesmata
| [[Bivalvos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27096119|Q27096119]]
| [[Permopsocida]]
| Permopsocida
| [[Acercaria]]
| [[File:Psocorrhyncha burmitica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27120570|Q27120570]]
| [[Cryptophialida]]
| Cryptophialida
| [[Acrothoracica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27120599|Q27120599]]
| [[Lithoglyptida]]
| Lithoglyptida
| [[Acrothoracica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27668535|Q27668535]]
| [[Umbelopsidales]]
| Umbelopsidales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Mucoromycotina]]<br/>[[Umbelopsidomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27677911|Q27677911]]
| [[Holtermanniales]]
| Holtermanniales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27677912|Q27677912]]
| [[Trichosporonales]]
| Trichosporonales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27892666|Q27892666]]
| [[Capsulocyathida]]
| Capsulocyathida
| [[Regulares]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27923225|Q27923225]]
| [[Golubeviales]]
| Golubeviales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27923228|Q27923228]]
| [[Robbauerales]]
| Robbauerales
| [[Exobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27923232|Q27923232]]
| [[Uleiellales]]
| Uleiellales
| [[Ustilaginomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27925921|Q27925921]]
| [[Unilacrymales]]
| Unilacrymales
| [[Dacrymycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27973071|Q27973071]]
| [[Abrothallales]]
| Abrothallales
| [[Ascomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28038324|Q28038324]]
| [[Cyphobasidiales]]
| Cyphobasidiales
| [[Cystobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28042943|Q28042943]]
| [[Hygrophila]]
| Hygrophila
| [[Pulmonata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28052234|Q28052234]]
| [[Geminibasidiales]]
| Geminibasidiales
| [[Geminibasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28052315|Q28052315]]
| [[Talbotiomycetales]]
| Talbotiomycetales<ref name="ref_05400cb1b2d84eba140c1d460d381a16ea33ac7a71d74a1a004bd7fcc5fcf85f">''[[:d:Q40704760|Identification of a new order of root-colonising fungi in the Entorrhizomycota: Talbotiomycetales ord. nov. on eudicotyledons]]''</ref>
| [[Entorrhizomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28547221|Q28547221]]
| [[Sachitida]]
| Sachitida
| [[Diplacophora]]<br/>[[Molluscos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28647026|Q28647026]]
| [[Erniettamorpha]]
| Erniettamorpha
| [[Eumetazoa]]<br/>[[Petalonamae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28757963|Q28757963]]
| [[Aethiocarenodea]]
| Aethiocarenodea<ref name="ref_100b3e8d487a643c269f7ad04ed9a81b064cec6e03eabe8e3235bca56c3f15d8">''[[:d:Q56619445|An exotic insect Aethiocarenus burmanicus gen. et sp. nov. (Aethiocarenodea ord. nov., Aethiocarenidae fam. nov.) from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber]]''</ref>
| [[Neoptera]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Aethiocarenus burmanicus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28777772|Q28777772]]
| [[Methylacidiphilales]]
| Methylacidiphilales
| [[Verrucomicrobiota]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28788037|Q28788037]]
| [[Gromochytriales]]
| Gromochytriales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c826663b87a1c09f185039d2c3743ebba7af83b032eec973536986e5d7252337">''[[:d:Q30855745|Gromochytrium mamkaevae gen. & sp. nov. and two new orders: Gromochytriales and Mesochytriales (Chytridiomycetes).]]''</ref>
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]<br/>[[Mesochytriomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28801489|Q28801489]]
| [[Polychytriales]]
| Polychytriales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]<br/>[[Polychytriomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28805644|Q28805644]]
| [[Discoasterales]]
| Discoasterales
| [[Haptophyta]]
| [[File:Discoaster 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28813590|Q28813590]]
| [[Branchiostomatida]]
| Branchiostomatida
| [[Leptocardii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28837761|Q28837761]]
| [[Harpochytriales]]
| Harpochytriales
| [[Monoblepharidomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28837762|Q28837762]]
| [[Hyaloraphidiales]]
| Hyaloraphidiales
| [[Hyaloraphidiomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28870176|Q28870176]]
| [[Diatrymiformes]]
| Diatrymiformes
| [[Galloanserimorphae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28870387|Q28870387]]
| [[Remiornithiformes]]
| Remiornithiformes
| [[Palaeognathae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28870486|Q28870486]]
| [[Gobipterygiformes]]
| Gobipterygiformes<ref name="ref_4c5937d1dca78eedeb2b48477509079c0a4ba9ee7c5652365492acfd9c1afcc3">''[[:d:Q137900386|Preliminary note on the palaeognathous bird from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b9b6e328b0dc62f9b812bfa0e3714a3d057d05961c4d0d46105a70ce4dfc551e">https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39252</ref>
| [[Ornithurae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872069|Q28872069]]
| [[Coniocybales]]
| Coniocybales
| [[Coniocybomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872070|Q28872070]]
| [[Collemopsidiales]]
| Collemopsidiales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d03344640ae16116577b8b6ed84ba8eb0d22152ac762e2adc85b7df9dc29a90b">''[[:d:Q54795804|Hidden diversity of marine borderline lichens and a new order of fungi: Collemopsidiales (Dothideomyceta)]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]<br/>[[Collemopsidiomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872073|Q28872073]]
| [[Monoblastiales]]
| Monoblastiales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Anisomeridium biforme (Stinzenkorst) - Katwijk, Coepelduyn, NL v3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872075|Q28872075]]
| [[Phaeomoniellales]]
| Phaeomoniellales
| [[Chaetothyriomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872079|Q28872079]]
| [[Caliciales]]
| Caliciales
| [[Lecanoromycetidae]]
| [[File:Shrub Stubble Lichen (2298099580).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872080|Q28872080]]
| [[Arctomiales]]
| Arctomiales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872083|Q28872083]]
| [[Hymeneliales]]
| Hymeneliales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872087|Q28872087]]
| [[Thelocarpales]]
| Thelocarpales
| [[Pezizomycotina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28872088|Q28872088]]
| [[Vezdaeales]]
| Vezdaeales
| [[Pezizomycotina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28912442|Q28912442]]
| [[Triadotiaroida]]
| Triadotiaroida
| [[Echinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28970519|Q28970519]]
| [[Actinodontida]]
| Actinodontida
| [[Archiheterodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29000551|Q29000551]]
| [[Bunyavirales]]
| Elliovirales<ref name="ref_3f927e7e1b3723f211bfdc7bd045db12bd099878d7886fe0e82a0133741d089b">''[[:d:Q134471649|ICTV Master Species List 2023.v4]]''</ref>
| [[Ellioviricetes]]<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Rift Valley fever tissue.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29256893|Q29256893]]
| [[Rhaptothyreida]]
| Rhaptothyreida
| [[Enoplea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29312216|Q29312216]]
| [[Mesochytriales]]
| Mesochytriales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c826663b87a1c09f185039d2c3743ebba7af83b032eec973536986e5d7252337">''[[:d:Q30855745|Gromochytrium mamkaevae gen. & sp. nov. and two new orders: Gromochytriales and Mesochytriales (Chytridiomycetes).]]''</ref>
| [[Chytridiomycota]]<br/>[[Mesochytriomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29388215|Q29388215]]
| [[Lichenostigmatales]]
| Lichenostigmatales
| [[Arthoniomycetes]]
| [[File:Lichenostigma cosmopolites 143712.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29457836|Q29457836]]
| [[Stylephoriformes]]
| Stylephoriformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopterygii]]<br/>[[Gadariae]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Stylephorus chordatus 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29476624|Q29476624]]
| [[Asterinales]]
| Asterinales
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29515174|Q29515174]]
| [[Stschapoviales]]
| Stschapoviales<ref name="ref_e4646ef48486262398f4d3cfaba400d6a406dd7e9bb0459d73d010bf7dfd5d9c">''[[:d:Q28597843|Molecular phylogeny of two unusual brown algae, Phaeostrophion irregulare and Platysiphon glacialis, proposal of the Stschapoviales ord. nov. and Platysiphonaceae fam. nov., and a re-examination of divergence times for brown algal orders]]''</ref>
| [[Phaeophyceae]]
| [[File:Halosiphon tomentosus Crouan.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29515181|Q29515181]]
| [[Asterotexiales]]
| Asterotexiales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29560321|Q29560321]]
| [[Squamocutida]]
| Squamocutida<ref name="ref_3d592a1adab2bec71ec950ab003d8e8298fb51ddbd4091cd68be40e3ae11892d">''[[:d:Q28601015|187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution]]''</ref>
| [[Cutosea]]<ref name="ref_3d592a1adab2bec71ec950ab003d8e8298fb51ddbd4091cd68be40e3ae11892d">''[[:d:Q28601015|187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29876893|Q29876893]]
| [[Myida]]
| Myida
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Mya arenaria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29876901|Q29876901]]
| [[Pholadida]]
| Pholadida
| [[Pholadiformii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29877020|Q29877020]]
| [[Nuculanida]]
| Nuculanida
| [[Protobranchia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acila cobboldiae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29877127|Q29877127]]
| [[Arcida]]
| Arcida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
| [[File:AnadaraPliocene.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29877378|Q29877378]]
| [[Megalodontida]]
| Megalodontida
| [[Imparidentia]]
| [[File:Megalodon shell.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29877474|Q29877474]]
| [[Hippuritida]]
| Hippuritida
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29913663|Q29913663]]
| [[Dyfrolomycetales]]
| Dyfrolomycetales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29913690|Q29913690]]
| [[Lichenoconiales]]
| Lichenoconiales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29913692|Q29913692]]
| [[Lichenotheliales]]
| Lichenotheliales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:2012-03-28 Lichenostigma saxicola K. Knudsen & Kocourk 208668.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29980529|Q29980529]]
| [[Minutisphaerales]]
| Minutisphaerales<ref name="ref_cb757eb6f994a6e29010d9fa401fdb5bd030732cef4de5f623232c6eeb47b042">''[[:d:Q30990421|Minutisphaerales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota): a new order of freshwater ascomycetes including a new family, Minutisphaeraceae, and two new species from North Carolina, USA.]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29994916|Q29994916]]
| [[Muyocopronales]]
| Muyocopronales<ref name="ref_f2a55d4e4232dcd66a40918db24dd821e881529a07fb22a45724e47bda7d5cec">''[[:d:Q28945133|Muyocopronales, ord. nov., (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) and a reappraisal of Muyocopron species from northern Thailand]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Muyocopron-castanopsis-holotype-a-c-Superficial-ascomata-on-substrate-d-e-Squash.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30004777|Q30004777]]
| [[Hapalidiales]]
| Hapalidiales<ref name="ref_5f5f304a29eaee25e9ec6698e27d05d37f42388b45507febcd132d5a9b3ff6bc">''[[:d:Q31059607|Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of New Zealand coralline algae: Corallinapetra Novaezelandiae gen. et sp. nov. and recognition of the Hapalidiales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Corallinophycidae]]
| [[File:Hapalidiaceae - Mesophyllum expansum.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30012568|Q30012568]]
| [[Natipusillales]]
| Natipusillales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30016996|Q30016996]]
| [[Entwisleiales]]
| Entwisleiales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30017010|Q30017010]]
| [[Atractophorales]]
| Atractophorales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30017043|Q30017043]]
| [[Catenellopsidales]]
| Catenellopsidales
| [[Rhodymeniophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30227692|Q30227692]]
| [[Phaeotrichales]]
| Phaeotrichales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:2014-02-21 Trichodelitschia bisporula (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Munk 405083.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30587689|Q30587689]]
| [[Araneida]]
| Araneida
| [[arachnido]]<br/>[[Serikodiastida]]
| [[File:Araneida 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30593916|Q30593916]]
| [[Favositida]]
| Favositida
| [[Tabulata]]
| [[File:FavositesOrdovicianIndiana.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30913065|Q30913065]]
| [[Aegotheliformes]]
| Aegotheliformes<ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Neoaves]]
| [[File:603 aegotheles.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30914573|Q30914573]]
| [[Discocelida]]
| Discocelida
| [[Imbricatea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30942006|Q30942006]]
| [[Taenioglossa]]
| Taenioglossa
| [[Gastropodos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30943651|Q30943651]]
| [[Taxodonta]]
| Taxodonta
| [[Bivalvos]]
| [[File:Barnea candida-Nl2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30951036|Q30951036]]
| [[Heterogastropoda]]
| Heterogastropoda
| [[Orthogastropoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31270314|Q31270314]]
| [[Buckleyzymales]]
| Buckleyzymales
| [[Cystobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31270315|Q31270315]]
| [[Sakaguchiales]]
| Sakaguchiales
| [[Cystobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31836167|Q31836167]]
| [[Trachichthyiformes]]
| Trachichthyiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Berycimorphaceae]]
| [[File:Hoplostethus mediterraneus mediterraneus Sardinia.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32824633|Q32824633]]
| [[Cardiida]]
| Cardiida
| [[Imparidentia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Strigilla carnaria.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32849575|Q32849575]]
| [[Stigmatodiscales]]
| Stigmatodiscales<ref name="ref_ab5ef541f8e6a333862442f6c91a0e7bb4ddc7082cc3a87d88543d612c39b72a">''[[:d:Q28821334|Asterodiscus and Stigmatodiscus, two new apothecial dothideomycete genera and the new order Stigmatodiscales]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32849577|Q32849577]]
| [[Superstratomycetales]]
| Superstratomycetales<ref name="ref_75895ea89310f61dbacb519d89db485cebe4381e3971ff984bba9682bd86c234">''[[:d:Q28818403|Wood staining fungi revealed taxonomic novelties in Pezizomycotina: New order Superstratomycetales and new species Cyanodermella oleoligni]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32868240|Q32868240]]
| [[Tubeufiales]]
| Tubeufiales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]<br/>[[Pleosporomycetidae]]
| [[File:Tubeufia roraimensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32945414|Q32945414]]
| [[Mikrocytida]]
| Mikrocytida<ref name="ref_c2aba0f51fb62462d55a43dd7602b69261bc7493573886970ec463c875601bd7">''[[:d:Q28111743|Mikrocytids Are a Broadly Distributed and Divergent Radiation of Parasites in Aquatic Invertebrates]]''</ref>
| [[Ascetosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32945416|Q32945416]]
| [[Protosporangida]]
| Protosporangida<ref name="ref_3d592a1adab2bec71ec950ab003d8e8298fb51ddbd4091cd68be40e3ae11892d">''[[:d:Q28601015|187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution]]''</ref>
| [[Amoebozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32990444|Q32990444]]
| [[Valsariales]]
| Valsariales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33014980|Q33014980]]
| [[Caryophanales]]
| Caryophanales
| [[Bacilli]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bacillus coagulans 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33033646|Q33033646]]
| [[Zeloasperisporiales]]
| Zeloasperisporiales<ref name="ref_4dee41c5fa5e934bb8edfdbc23cce43728c41e45f75c4304841707a569838ab4">''[[:d:Q54500361|Zeloasperisporiales ord. nov., and Two New Species ofZeloasperisporium]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33062137|Q33062137]]
| [[Aulacomniales]]
| Aulacomniales
| [[Bryidae]]
| [[File:Aulacomnium palustre1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33120782|Q33120782]]
| [[Tarachoptera]]
| Tarachoptera
| [[Endopterygota]]
| [[File:Tarachocelis microlepidopterella holotype.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33176250|Q33176250]]
| [[Sphaeronitida]]
| Sphaeronitida
| [[Diploporita]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33181010|Q33181010]]
| [[Desmothoracida]]
| Desmothoracida
| [[Granofilosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33225219|Q33225219]]
| [[Dictyosteliales]]
| Dictyosteliales
| [[Dictyosteliomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34445736|Q34445736]]
| [[Placidiales]]
| Placidiales
| [[Bicoecea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34613085|Q34613085]]
| [[Conodontophorida]]
| Conodontophorida
| [[Conodonta]]
| [[File:Venomous conodonts.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35132691|Q35132691]]
| [[Labechiida]]
| Labechiida
| [[Stromatoporoidea]]
| [[File:Labechia sp. (fossil stromatoporoid sponge) (Elkhorn Formation, Upper Ordovician; south of Dayton, Ohio, USA) 4.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133346|Q35133346]]
| [[Blattida]]
| Blattida
| [[Dictyoptera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133372|Q35133372]]
| [[Spiriferinida]]
| Spiriferinida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133395|Q35133395]]
| [[Astartida]]
| Astartida
| [[Lucinidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133436|Q35133436]]
| [[Papilionida]]
| Papilionida
| [[Amphiesmenoptera]]
| [[File:Papilio peranthus kangean MHNT dos.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133459|Q35133459]]
| [[Michelinoceratida]]
| Michelinoceratida
| [[Orthoceratoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133484|Q35133484]]
| [[Sinoceratida]]
| Sinoceratida
| [[Orthoceratoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133508|Q35133508]]
| [[Auloporida]]
| Auloporida
| [[Tabulata]]
| [[File:Geodized auloporid coral mass (Fort Payne Formation, Lower Mississippian; Rt. 61 roadcut, north of Burkesville, Kentucky, USA) 2 (42369558312).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133531|Q35133531]]
| [[Podorhabdales]]
| Podorhabdales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133553|Q35133553]]
| [[Eiffellithales]]
| Eiffellithales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133577|Q35133577]]
| [[Trichechiformes]]
| Trichechiformes
| [[Tethytheria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133603|Q35133603]]
| [[Archinacellida]]
| Archinacellida
| [[Tergomya]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133624|Q35133624]]
| [[Innaecoeliida]]
| Innaecoeliida
| [[Hexactinellida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133644|Q35133644]]
| [[Ischyrinoida]]
| Ischyrinoida
| [[Rostroconchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133667|Q35133667]]
| [[Archaeocopida]]
| Archaeocopida
| [[arthropodo]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133688|Q35133688]]
| [[Ralliformes]]
| Ralliformes
| [[Charadriimorphae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133707|Q35133707]]
| [[Stephanolithiales]]
| Stephanolithiales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133726|Q35133726]]
| [[Metacopida]]
| Metacopida
| [[Ostracoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133746|Q35133746]]
| [[Thambetolepida]]
| Thambetolepida
| [[Molluscos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133761|Q35133761]]
| [[Jurinida]]
| Jurinida
| [[Neoptera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133781|Q35133781]]
| [[Watznaueriales]]
| Watznaueriales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133802|Q35133802]]
| [[Architarbida]]
| Architarbida
| [[arachnido]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133819|Q35133819]]
| [[Isorophida]]
| Isorophida
| [[Edrioasteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133869|Q35133869]]
| [[Protorthida]]
| Protorthida
| [[Rhynchonellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133887|Q35133887]]
| [[Tentaculitida]]
| Tentaculitida
| [[Lophophorata]]
| [[File:Tentaculite in Devonian limestone (48873661118).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133905|Q35133905]]
| [[Arkhangelskiales]]
| Arkhangelskiales
| [[Prymnesiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133926|Q35133926]]
| [[Hyolithelminthida]]
| Hyolithelminthida
| [[Problematica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35133960|Q35133960]]
| [[Kiringellida]]
| Kiringellida
| [[Tergomya]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134001|Q35134001]]
| [[Caulerpales]]
| Caulerpales
| [[Bryopsidophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134024|Q35134024]]
| [[Cricocosmida]]
| Cricocosmida
| [[Palaeoscolecida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134045|Q35134045]]
| [[Lichenariida]]
| Lichenariida
| [[Tabulata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134063|Q35134063]]
| [[Calyptoptomatida]]
| Calyptoptomatida
| [[Molluscos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134101|Q35134101]]
| [[Hemizonida]]
| Hemizonida
| [[Asteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134124|Q35134124]]
| [[Cambridioida]]
| Cambridioida
| [[Stenothecoida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134146|Q35134146]]
| [[Monocyathida]]
| Monocyathida
| [[Regulares]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134184|Q35134184]]
| [[Edrioasterida]]
| Edrioasterida
| [[Edrioasteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134203|Q35134203]]
| [[Psammosteiformes]]
| Psammosteiformes
| [[Heterostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134217|Q35134217]]
| [[Panderodontida]]
| Panderodontida<br/>Panderontida
| [[Conodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134229|Q35134229]]
| [[Sarcinulida]]
| Sarcinulida
| [[Tabulata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134248|Q35134248]]
| [[Spongiomorphida]]
| Spongiomorphida
| [[Hydrozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134269|Q35134269]]
| [[Cichliformes]]
| Cichliformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Cichlomorphae]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pholidichthys leucotaenia 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134286|Q35134286]]
| [[Olenellida]]
| Olenellida
| [[Trilobita]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134303|Q35134303]]
| [[Trachelocrinida]]
| Trachelocrinida
| [[Eocrinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134321|Q35134321]]
| [[Gondwanostachyales]]
| Gondwanostachyales
| [[Equisetopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134334|Q35134334]]
| [[Conchyliocarida]]
| Conchyliocarida
| [[Thylacocephala]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134365|Q35134365]]
| [[Protoconodontida]]
| Protoconodontida
| [[Chaetognatha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134379|Q35134379]]
| [[Amynilyspedida]]
| Amynilyspedida
| [[pill millipede]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134392|Q35134392]]
| [[Dromornithiformes]]
| Dromornithiformes
| [[Galloanserimorphae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134410|Q35134410]]
| [[Capparidales]]
| Capparidales
| [[Dilleniidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134430|Q35134430]]
| [[Comarocystitida]]
| Comarocystitida
| [[Paracrinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134454|Q35134454]]
| [[Ascocystitida]]
| Ascocystida<br/>Ascocystitida
| [[Eocrinoidea]]
| [[File:Ascocystites drabowensis化石.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134473|Q35134473]]
| [[Sabelliditida]]
| Sabelliditida
| [[Annelida]]<ref name="ref_9370f51ecbf30a250ce0ac7d84fca883d68c409371249be643d34d892d62fcfa">''[[:d:Q17073815|Paleobiology Database]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134515|Q35134515]]
| [[Belodellida]]
| Belodellida
| [[Conodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134532|Q35134532]]
| [[Lyssakida]]
| Lyssakida
| [[Hexactinellida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134551|Q35134551]]
| [[Acanthothoraciformes]]
| Acanthothoraciformes
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134591|Q35134591]]
| [[Furcacudiformes]]
| Furcacudiformes
| [[Pteraspidomorphi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134637|Q35134637]]
| [[Protopanderodontida]]
| Protopanderodontida
| [[Conodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134658|Q35134658]]
| [[Cordaitanthales]]
| Cordaitanthales
| [[Pinopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134680|Q35134680]]
| [[Naukatida]]
| Naukatida
| [[Obolellata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134707|Q35134707]]
| [[Calcifoliida]]
| Calcifoliida
| [[Rhodophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134746|Q35134746]]
| [[Petalichthyiformes]]
| Petalichthyiformes
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134764|Q35134764]]
| [[Tetradiida]]
| Tetradiida
| [[Tabulata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134787|Q35134787]]
| [[Ischnacanthida]]
| Ischnacanthida
| [[Acanthodii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134807|Q35134807]]
| [[Sapotales]]
| Sapotales<ref name="ref_70bf05e61b2b9bdd016feae33b1d7b5de0ce721d914bd156fd8bd57827c49ae6">''[[:d:Q167402|Australian Plant Name Index]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Dilleniidae]]<br/>[[Primulanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134832|Q35134832]]
| [[Globorilida]]
| Globorilida
| [[Calyptoptomatida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134854|Q35134854]]
| [[Turrilepadida]]
| Turrilepadida
| [[Machaeridia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134896|Q35134896]]
| [[Gigantopteridales]]
| Gigantopteridales
| [[Embryophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134918|Q35134918]]
| [[Rhizostomatida]]
| Rhizostomatida
| [[Scyphozoa]]
| [[File:Rhizostomeae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35134940|Q35134940]]
| [[Psilophytales]]
| Psilophytales
| [[Psilophytopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135010|Q35135010]]
| [[Sphaeractinida]]
| Sphaeractinida
| [[Hydrozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135032|Q35135032]]
| [[Cyathocystida]]
| Cyathocystida
| [[Edrioasteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135051|Q35135051]]
| [[Uniconomorphitida]]
| Uniconomorphitida
| [[Trompetoconarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135073|Q35135073]]
| [[Ctenocystoida]]
| Ctenocystoida
| [[Ctenocystoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135094|Q35135094]]
| [[Protactinocerida]]
| Protactinocerida
| [[Cephalopode]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135114|Q35135114]]
| [[Platycystitida]]
| Platycystitida
| [[Paracrinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135136|Q35135136]]
| [[Karkeniales]]
| Karkeniales
| [[Ginkgoopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135157|Q35135157]]
| [[Bradyodontida]]
| Bradyodontida
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135180|Q35135180]]
| [[Coronatida]]
| Coronatida
| [[Scyphozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135203|Q35135203]]
| [[Kazakhstanicyathida]]
| Kazakhstanicyathida
| [[Irregulares]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135222|Q35135222]]
| [[Yanhecerida]]
| Yanhecerida
| [[Cephalopode]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135241|Q35135241]]
| [[Loligosepiida]]
| Loligosepiida
| [[Coleoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135259|Q35135259]]
| [[Pentoxylales]]
| Pentoxylales
| [[Ginkgoopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135281|Q35135281]]
| [[Prohaleciteiformes]]
| Prohaleciteiformes
| [[Teleosteomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135303|Q35135303]]
| [[Squatinactiformes]]
| Squatinactiformes
| [[Cladodontomorphi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135326|Q35135326]]
| [[Macropetalichthyida]]
| Macropetalichthyida
| [[Petalichthyida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135347|Q35135347]]
| [[Trachylinida]]
| Trachylinida
| [[Hydrozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135373|Q35135373]]
| [[Paleosiphonocladales]]
| Paleosiphonocladales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135401|Q35135401]]
| [[Haloragidales]]
| Haloragidales
| [[Rosidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135421|Q35135421]]
| [[Rhenaniformes]]
| Rhenaniformes
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135441|Q35135441]]
| [[Naraoiida]]
| Naraoiida
| [[Trilobita]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135459|Q35135459]]
| [[Fortiforcipida]]
| Fortiforcipida
| [[Megacheira]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135481|Q35135481]]
| [[Anetshelloida]]
| Anetshelloida
| [[Rostroconchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135499|Q35135499]]
| [[Semaeostomatida]]
| Semaeostomatida
| [[Scyphozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135521|Q35135521]]
| [[Pseudoscorpionida]]
| Pseudoscorpionida
| [[arachnido]]
| [[File:Baltic amber-Arachnida,Pseudoscorpion4.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135545|Q35135545]]
| [[Phanerozonida]]
| Phanerozonida
| [[Asteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135571|Q35135571]]
| [[Lagenostomales]]
| Lagenostomales
| [[Cycadopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135594|Q35135594]]
| [[Coleoloida]]
| Coleoloida
| [[Problematica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135612|Q35135612]]
| [[Hercolepadida]]
| Hercolepadida
| [[Machaeridia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135632|Q35135632]]
| [[Stensioellida]]
| Stensioellida
| [[Placodermi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135651|Q35135651]]
| [[Yohoiida]]
| Yohoiida
| [[Megacheira]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135671|Q35135671]]
| [[Dioales]]
| Dioales
| [[Cycadopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135688|Q35135688]]
| [[Boletzkida]]
| Boletzkida
| [[Cephalopode]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135707|Q35135707]]
| [[Volborthellida]]
| Volborthellida
| [[Problematica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135728|Q35135728]]
| [[Paiutiida]]
| Paiutiida
| [[Problematica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135748|Q35135748]]
| [[Acanthinocyathida]]
| Acanthinocyathida
| [[Regulares]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135766|Q35135766]]
| [[Cladoselachida]]
| Cladoselachida
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135785|Q35135785]]
| [[Cooksoniales]]
| Cooksoniales
| [[Zosterophyllopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135823|Q35135823]]
| [[Olbiaspidida]]
| Olbiaspidida
| [[Heterostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135841|Q35135841]]
| [[Asterothecales]]
| Asterothecales
| [[Marattiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135859|Q35135859]]
| [[Nuculiformes]]
| Nuculiformes
| [[Nuculiformii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135878|Q35135878]]
| [[Trigonocarpales]]
| Trigonocarpales
| [[Cycadopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135898|Q35135898]]
| [[Orstenocarida]]
| Orstenocarida
| [[Pancrustacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135923|Q35135923]]
| [[Acanthodida]]
| Acanthodida
| [[Acanthodii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135944|Q35135944]]
| [[Longirostravisiformes]]
| Longirostravisiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135976|Q35135976]]
| [[Pholidichthyiformes]]
| Pholidichthyiformes
| [[Cichlomorphae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35135990|Q35135990]]
| [[Pygasteroida]]
| Pygasteroida
| [[Diadematacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136004|Q35136004]]
| [[Emeraldellida]]
| Emeraldellida
| [[Merostomoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136016|Q35136016]]
| [[Apsaraviformes]]
| Apsaraviformes
| [[Euenantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136035|Q35136035]]
| [[Xenacanthida]]
| Xenacanthida
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136054|Q35136054]]
| [[Boluochiformes]]
| Boluochiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136076|Q35136076]]
| [[Protopterygiformes]]
| Protopterygiformes
| [[Enantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136098|Q35136098]]
| [[Galaxiiformes]]
| Galaxiiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Protacanthopterygii]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136119|Q35136119]]
| [[Rahonaviformes]]
| Rahonaviformes
| [[Euenantiornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136141|Q35136141]]
| [[Galeiformes]]
| Galeiformes
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136159|Q35136159]]
| [[Steloxylales]]
| Steloxylales
| [[Cladoxylopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136183|Q35136183]]
| [[Dalatiiformes]]
| Dalatiiformes
| [[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136202|Q35136202]]
| [[Amphiaspidiformes]]
| Amphiaspidiformes
| [[Heterostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136223|Q35136223]]
| [[Zosterophyllales]]
| Zosterophyllales
| [[Zosterophyllopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136241|Q35136241]]
| [[Brindabellaspida]]
| Brindabellaspida
| [[Placodermi]]
| [[File:Brindabellaspis reconstruction.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136256|Q35136256]]
| [[Tabulacyathida]]
| Tabulacyathida
| [[Regulares]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136275|Q35136275]]
| [[Ophidiformes]]
| Ophidiformes
| [[Paracanthopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136311|Q35136311]]
| [[Dentalioida]]
| Dentalioida
| [[Scaphopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136329|Q35136329]]
| [[Cambridiida]]
| Cambridiida
| [[Stenothecoida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136345|Q35136345]]
| [[Sinuitopsida]]
| Sinuitopsida
| [[Monoplacophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136361|Q35136361]]
| [[Banigales]]
| Banigales
| [[Rhodophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136385|Q35136385]]
| [[Monocleales]]
| Monocleales
| [[Marchantiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136406|Q35136406]]
| [[Plectonocerida]]
| Plectonocerida
| [[Cephalopode]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136423|Q35136423]]
| [[Pteraspidida]]
| Pteraspidida
| [[Pteraspidomorphi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136437|Q35136437]]
| [[Rhyniales]]
| Rhyniales
| [[Rhyniopsida]]
| [[File:Rynian (Rynie) Chert Thin Section (Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii) - 1.tif|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136454|Q35136454]]
| [[Alcediniformes]]
| Alcediniformes
| [[Picocoraciae]]
| [[File:Blyth's Kingfisher - Rarest Kingfisher found in India.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136474|Q35136474]]
| [[Gigantopleurida]]
| Gigantopleurida
| [[arthropodo]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136487|Q35136487]]
| [[Echinostachyales]]
| Echinostachyales
| [[Equisetopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136501|Q35136501]]
| [[Hermanophytales]]
| Hermanophytales
| [[Embryophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136515|Q35136515]]
| [[Avimimiformes]]
| Avimimiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136534|Q35136534]]
| [[Khairkhaniiformes]]
| Khairkhaniiformes
| [[Molluscos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136553|Q35136553]]
| [[Sedentarida]]
| Sedentarida
| [[Polychaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136576|Q35136576]]
| [[Squatinida]]
| Squatinida
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136596|Q35136596]]
| [[Zorocallida]]
| Zorocallida<ref name="ref_3c2e7fabec0c941df6f7a34b3100528242e618e088c78b74e92cae2ad985b4da">''[[:d:Q56045184|Zorocallida, new order, and Doraster constellatus, new genus and species, with notes on the Zoroasteridae (Echinodermata; Asteroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Asteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136613|Q35136613]]
| [[Pyllodocida]]
| Pyllodocida
| [[Polychaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136631|Q35136631]]
| [[Lithorhizostomatida]]
| Lithorhizostomatida
| [[Scyphozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136653|Q35136653]]
| [[Traquairaspidida]]
| Traquairaspidida
| [[Heterostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136672|Q35136672]]
| [[Calamocarpales]]
| Calamocarpales
| [[Calamitopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136690|Q35136690]]
| [[Pituriaspidiformes]]
| Pituriaspidiformes
| [[Cephalaspidomorphi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136708|Q35136708]]
| [[Halysitida]]
| Halysitida
| [[Tabulata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136735|Q35136735]]
| [[Moellerinales]]
| Moellerinales
| [[Charophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136754|Q35136754]]
| [[Echmatocrinida]]
| Echmatocrinida
| [[Crinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136781|Q35136781]]
| [[Pelagielliformes]]
| Pelagielliformes
| [[Archaeobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136800|Q35136800]]
| [[Multifariida]]
| Multifariida
| [[Monoplacophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136826|Q35136826]]
| [[Desmiodontida]]
| Desmiodontida
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136845|Q35136845]]
| [[Cyclocrinales]]
| Cyclocrinales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Cyclocrinites dactioloides (fossil algae) (Hopkinton Formation, Lower Silurian; Monticello, Iowa, USA) 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136865|Q35136865]]
| [[Coronodontida]]
| Coronodontida
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136884|Q35136884]]
| [[Andreaobryales]]
| Andreaobryales
| [[Andreaeidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136901|Q35136901]]
| [[Hyaenodontida]]
| Hyaenodontida
| [[Ferae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136920|Q35136920]]
| [[Cladodontida]]
| Cladodontida
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136937|Q35136937]]
| [[Henosferida]]
| Henosferida
| [[Paratribosphenida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136953|Q35136953]]
| [[Stromatocystitida]]
| Stromatocystitida
| [[Edrioasteroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136972|Q35136972]]
| [[Iraniales]]
| Iraniales
| [[Embryophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35136987|Q35136987]]
| [[Orodontida]]
| Orodontida
| [[elasmobranchio]]<br/>[[Neoselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35137005|Q35137005]]
| [[Dascladales]]
| Dascladales
| [[Chlorophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35137026|Q35137026]]
| [[Serpianotiaroida]]
| Serpianotiaroida
| [[Euechinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35137047|Q35137047]]
| [[Sycidiales]]
| Sycidiales
| [[Charophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35137068|Q35137068]]
| [[Limulavida]]
| Limulavida
| [[Merostomoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q36822827|Q36822827]]
| [[Gigasporales]]
| Gigasporales
| [[Glomeromycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q38534855|Q38534855]]
| [[Paradinida]]
| Paradinida<ref name="ref_14886f064fd3e8d6603904119a2abb5efcd12a32fc456a01e383326b639c7b7a">''[[:d:Q28298706|Phylogeny of novel naked Filose and Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea revised]]''</ref>
| [[Ascetosporea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q38567126|Q38567126]]
| [[Palaeoniscoidea]]
| Palaeoniscoidea
| [[Actinopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q40954145|Q40954145]]
| [[Menaspiformes]]
| Menaspiformes
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
| [[File:MenaspidDB17.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41595562|Q41595562]]
| [[Lyopomi]]
| Lyopomi
| [[Teleostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41595642|Q41595642]]
| [[Meiodihaplophasida]]
| Meiodihaplophasida
| [[Dihaplophasea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42013459|Q42013459]]
| [[Delonicicolales]]
| Delonicicolales<ref name="ref_ac162d1d84fd945fffadb3dd8abd0025a40c4857ee9be6b111e38116971593e1">''[[:d:Q54800586|Delonicicola siamense gen. & sp. nov. (Delonicicolaceae fam. nov., Delonicicolales ord. nov.), a Saprobic Species from Delonix regia Seed Pods]]''</ref>
| [[Xylariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42707726|Q42707726]]
| [[Christianseniales]]
| Christianseniales
| [[Tremellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42780327|Q42780327]]
| [[Kirschsteiniotheliales]]
| Kirschsteiniotheliales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:2013-10-04 Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops 545486.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44671057|Q44671057]]
| [[Polypodiidea]]
| Polypodiidea
| [[Polypodiozoa]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Polypodium hydriforme.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q45201701|Q45201701]]
| [[Synallactida]]
| Synallactida<ref name="ref_74e031573bdba5450912104f761e0cc4ad9c3599875851aee7a87f5e0f71800e">''[[:d:Q131405017|A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b0fb9b0e22438f79263482a522ddeca86b1bda241ebac5e6c7f3a9841e9c8937">''[[:d:Q36298186|Molecular phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopoda]]
| [[File:Three-Rowed Sea Cucumber.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q45353969|Q45353969]]
| [[Lophioneurida]]
| Lophioneurida
| [[Thripida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47009061|Q47009061]]
| [[Lauriomycetales]]
| Lauriomycetales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
| [[File:Lauriomyces bellulus 1781178.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47009064|Q47009064]]
| [[Phacidiales]]
| Phacidiales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
| [[File:Phacidium infestans P. Karst. 1467400.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47164972|Q47164972]]
| [[Nowakiida]]
| Nowakiida
| [[Dacryoconarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48068364|Q48068364]]
| [[Chaetomellales]]
| Chaetomellales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48166962|Q48166962]]
| [[Ephippiformes]]
| Ephippiformes<ref name="ref_56fd228b77561045c33c2714cdaedf1c352aa6cf6c9b4270f3bf3204f944e384">https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48205386|Q48205386]]
| [[Chelonii]]
| Chelonii
| [[reptile]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48970316|Q48970316]]
| [[Persiculida]]
| Persiculida<ref name="ref_b0fb9b0e22438f79263482a522ddeca86b1bda241ebac5e6c7f3a9841e9c8937">''[[:d:Q36298186|Molecular phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_74e031573bdba5450912104f761e0cc4ad9c3599875851aee7a87f5e0f71800e">''[[:d:Q131405017|A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopoda]]
| [[File:Meseres.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49381348|Q49381348]]
| [[Phasmatodea]]
| Phasmatodea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Polyneoptera]]
| [[File:Phasmatodea 2941.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49405704|Q49405704]]
| [[Peritrichida]]
| Peritrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligohymenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408499|Q49408499]]
| [[Bodonales]]
| Bodonales
| [[Bodonophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408513|Q49408513]]
| [[Paracinetida]]
| Paracinetida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Phyllopharyngea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408517|Q49408517]]
| [[Tracheliida]]
| Tracheliida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Litostomatea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408521|Q49408521]]
| [[Suctorida]]
| Suctorida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Kinetofragminophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408525|Q49408525]]
| [[Scuticociliatida]]
| Scuticociliatida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Oligohymenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408529|Q49408529]]
| [[Nassulopsida]]
| Nassulopsida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Nassophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408533|Q49408533]]
| [[Karyorelictida]]
| Karyorelictida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Karyorelictea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408537|Q49408537]]
| [[Trachelocercida]]
| Trachelocercida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Karyorelictea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408541|Q49408541]]
| [[Chilodonellida]]
| Chilodonellida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Cyrtophoria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408545|Q49408545]]
| [[Grossglockneriida]]
| Grossglockneriida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Colpodea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408549|Q49408549]]
| [[Eremothallales]]
| Eremothallales
| [[Lichinomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408553|Q49408553]]
| [[Acnanthales]]
| Acnanthales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49408557|Q49408557]]
| [[Climacosphenales]]
| Climacosphenales
| [[Bacillariophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50788659|Q50788659]]
| [[Amplistromatales]]
| Amplistromatales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50788660|Q50788660]]
| [[Annulatascales]]
| Annulatascales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50809087|Q50809087]]
| [[Atractosporales]]
| Atractosporales<ref name="ref_56a100a18a3ea39de33444d429a8503321d4e624637ad947ba1af7edd5ef430a">''[[:d:Q67213020|Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa: introducing Atractosporales ord. nov. and six new families]]''</ref>
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
| [[File:Conlarium sacchari (10.3897-mycokeys.56.35857) Figure 3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51032739|Q51032739]]
| [[Uranoscopiformes]]
| Uranoscopiformes<ref name="ref_068508f23074980b28d6f7415f4c5386369468516c626dcfc14896d3dd8a42b4">''[[:d:Q51386589|Verslagen en mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen]]''</ref>
| [[Percomorphaceae]]<br/>[[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Whitemargin Stargazer (Uranoscopus sulphureus) (8461235506).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51266657|Q51266657]]
| [[Aplysiomorpha]]
| Aplysiomorpha
| [[Euopisthobranchia]]<br/>[[Opisthobranchia]]
| [[File:Sea hare DSC01663.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51310043|Q51310043]]
| [[Amphilepidida]]
| Amphilepidida<ref name="ref_ca1c4c73c5930d273c374f5f9e995f2b437afe9ccddfa76443531df046eaf070">''[[:d:Q36219626|Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: The living Ophiuroidea]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ophintegrida]]<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Amphilimna multispina (MNHN-IE-2013-10240) 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51310074|Q51310074]]
| [[Ophiacanthida]]
| Ophiacanthida<ref name="ref_ca1c4c73c5930d273c374f5f9e995f2b437afe9ccddfa76443531df046eaf070">''[[:d:Q36219626|Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: The living Ophiuroidea]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ophintegrida]]<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ophiure noire à la Réunion.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51310079|Q51310079]]
| [[Ophioleucida]]
| Ophioleucida<ref name="ref_ca1c4c73c5930d273c374f5f9e995f2b437afe9ccddfa76443531df046eaf070">''[[:d:Q36219626|Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: The living Ophiuroidea]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ophintegrida]]<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ophiernus seminudus (MNHN-IE-2013-10245) 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51310084|Q51310084]]
| [[Ophioscolecida]]
| Ophioscolecida<ref name="ref_ca1c4c73c5930d273c374f5f9e995f2b437afe9ccddfa76443531df046eaf070">''[[:d:Q36219626|Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: The living Ophiuroidea]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ophintegrida]]<ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ophiomyces frutectosus (MNHN-IE-2013-10282) 02.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51526792|Q51526792]]
| [[Ortervirales]]
| Ortervirales<ref name="ref_cd46295b4c9aa5e90d4a7a8fd52beff93613dee877af94aabbc087f0419672e8">''[[:d:Q51526638|ICTV Master Species List 2017 v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Revtraviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:HI-virión.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51765823|Q51765823]]
| [[Cariacotrichida]]
| Cariacotrichida<ref name="ref_49c5113b1f6c883d3cc7843a5b9a3147837b4dc8b87ec9c6e2d6ce50a5b978e1">''[[:d:Q45321879|Class Cariacotrichea, a novel ciliate taxon from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela.]]''</ref>
| [[Cariacotrichea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52658711|Q52658711]]
| [[Ingolfiellida]]
| Ingolfiellida
| [[Peracarida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52658981|Q52658981]]
| [[Tirisporellales]]
| Tirisporellales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52658982|Q52658982]]
| [[Togniniales]]
| Togniniales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
| [[File:Phaeoacremonium ovale (10.3897-mycokeys.41.27536) Figure 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52708197|Q52708197]]
| [[Myrmecridiales]]
| Myrmecridiales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
| [[File:Myrmecridium schulzeri.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52766908|Q52766908]]
| [[Phomatosporales]]
| Phomatosporales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53315331|Q53315331]]
| [[Falcocladiales]]
| Falcocladiales
| [[Hypocreomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53564970|Q53564970]]
| [[Rictida]]
| Rictida
| [[Rictidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53818214|Q53818214]]
| [[Aphelidiales]]
| Aphelidiales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Aphelidiomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53988922|Q53988922]]
| [[Physodermatales]]
| Physodermatales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Physodermatomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53988963|Q53988963]]
| [[Sanchytriales]]
| Sanchytriales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Sanchytriomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54069438|Q54069438]]
| [[Calcarisporiellales]]
| Calcarisporiellales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Calcarisporiellomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54281914|Q54281914]]
| [[Barbatosporales]]
| Barbatosporales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Barbatosporomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54653001|Q54653001]]
| [[Olpidiales]]
| Olpidiales
| [[Olpidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54763173|Q54763173]]
| [[Eugeroptera]]
| Eugeroptera<ref name="ref_756c75874c25e5e95891c28245b7cd715daa97e2217af118b4bc0333b7086f4b">''[[:d:Q110201126|New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina]]''</ref>
| [[Odonatoptera]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref><ref name="ref_756c75874c25e5e95891c28245b7cd715daa97e2217af118b4bc0333b7086f4b">''[[:d:Q110201126|New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54824881|Q54824881]]
| [[Kukaloptera]]
| Kukaloptera<ref name="ref_756c75874c25e5e95891c28245b7cd715daa97e2217af118b4bc0333b7086f4b">''[[:d:Q110201126|New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina]]''</ref>
| [[Palaeodonatoptera]]<ref name="ref_756c75874c25e5e95891c28245b7cd715daa97e2217af118b4bc0333b7086f4b">''[[:d:Q110201126|New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref>
| [[File:Kirchnerala treintamil.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54942819|Q54942819]]
| [[Ramicandelaberales]]
| Ramicandelaberales<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
| [[Ramicandelaberomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55606458|Q55606458]]
| [[Callionymiformes]]
| Callionymiformes
| [[Percomorpha]]
| [[File:Callionymus lyra 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55613370|Q55613370]]
| [[Haplobothriidea]]
| Haplobothriidea
| [[Eucestoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55706362|Q55706362]]
| [[Chrysomonadida]]
| Chrysomonadida
| [[Phytomastigoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55719113|Q55719113]]
| [[Sporidesmiales]]
| Sporidesmiales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55757778|Q55757778]]
| [[Dolichomicrostomida]]
| Dolichomicrostomida
| [[Macrostomorpha]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56045524|Q56045524]]
| [[Xylobotryales]]
| Xylobotryales
| [[Xylobotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56071470|Q56071470]]
| [[Argentinoptera]]
| Argentinoptera<ref name="ref_756c75874c25e5e95891c28245b7cd715daa97e2217af118b4bc0333b7086f4b">''[[:d:Q110201126|New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina]]''</ref>
| [[Plesiodonatoptera]]<ref name="ref_756c75874c25e5e95891c28245b7cd715daa97e2217af118b4bc0333b7086f4b">''[[:d:Q110201126|New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina]]''</ref>
| [[File:Argentinala cristinae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56254531|Q56254531]]
| [[Ateleaspidiformes]]
| Ateleaspidiformes
| [[Osteostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56315980|Q56315980]]
| [[Cheilostomatida]]
| Cheilostomatida
| [[Gymnolaemata]]
| [[File:Sertella septentrionalis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56317121|Q56317121]]
| [[Holothuriida]]
| Holothuriida<ref name="ref_74e031573bdba5450912104f761e0cc4ad9c3599875851aee7a87f5e0f71800e">''[[:d:Q131405017|A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)]]''</ref>
| [[Actinopoda]]
| [[File:Actinopyga echinites1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56317646|Q56317646]]
| [[Soluta]]
| Soluta
| [[Homoiostelea]]
| [[File:Castericystis sprinklei - MHNT - Millard County, Utha, USA.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56317648|Q56317648]]
| [[Cincta]]
| Cincta
| [[Homostelea]]
| [[File:Trochocystites bohemicus with stem.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56326610|Q56326610]]
| [[Dapediiformes]]
| Dapediiformes
| [[Holostei]]
| [[File:Dapedium politum Naturalis.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56394861|Q56394861]]
| [[Torpedosporales]]
| Torpedosporales
| [[Hypocreomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56421437|Q56421437]]
| [[Conioscyphales]]
| Conioscyphales
| [[Savoryellomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56421440|Q56421440]]
| [[Fuscosporellales]]
| Fuscosporellales
| [[Savoryellomycetidae]]
| [[File:Parafuscosporella obovata diversity-13-00517-g003.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56421445|Q56421445]]
| [[Pisorisporiales]]
| Pisorisporiales
| [[Pisorisporiomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56446880|Q56446880]]
| [[Pleurotheciales]]
| Pleurotheciales
| [[Savoryellomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56446884|Q56446884]]
| [[Savoryellales]]
| Savoryellales
| [[Savoryellomycetidae]]
| [[File:Savoryella lignicola.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56479261|Q56479261]]
| [[Protodonata]]
| Protodonata
| [[Holodonata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56675978|Q56675978]]
| [[Parmulariales]]
| Parmulariales<ref name="ref_0eaffd4ddbc2e6aa07c15ec8d6b8f6c53b5e83e369c75c2af656141676fdfd07">''[[:d:Q59679145|Studies on Parmulariaceae I. A phylogeny based on available sequence data; introducing Parmulariales ord. nov., and Hemigraphaceae, Melaspileellaceae and Stictographaceae fam. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Placosoma nothopanacis 27144636.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56751113|Q56751113]]
| [[Cladoriellales]]
| Cladoriellales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56751124|Q56751124]]
| [[Murramarangomycetales]]
| Murramarangomycetales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56751130|Q56751130]]
| [[Pararamichloridiales]]
| Pararamichloridiales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56751135|Q56751135]]
| [[Pseudodactylariales]]
| Pseudodactylariales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56755423|Q56755423]]
| [[Threskiornithiformes]]
| Threskiornithiformes
| [[Neognathae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57263003|Q57263003]]
| [[Aplysiida]]
| Aplysiida
| [[Euthyneura]]
| [[File:Aplysia californica.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57312297|Q57312297]]
| [[Sclerococcales]]
| Sclerococcales
| [[Sclerococcomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57412133|Q57412133]]
| [[Orthodontiales]]
| Orthodontiales
| [[Bryanae]]
| [[File:Orthodontium.lineare.-.lindsey.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57442734|Q57442734]]
| [[Acochlidacea]]
| Acochlidacea
| [[Opisthobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57741758|Q57741758]]
| [[Muvirales]]
| Muvirales<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Chunqiuviricetes]]<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57742139|Q57742139]]
| [[Serpentovirales]]
| Serpentovirales<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Milneviricetes]]<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57743230|Q57743230]]
| [[Jingchuvirales]]
| Jingchuvirales<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Monjiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57743262|Q57743262]]
| [[Goujianvirales]]
| Goujianvirales<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Yunchangviricetes]]<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57743271|Q57743271]]
| [[Articulavirales]]
| Articulavirales<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Insthoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58033294|Q58033294]]
| [[Tracyllalales]]
| Tracyllalales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58044089|Q58044089]]
| [[Coprothermobacterales]]
| Coprothermobacterales<ref name="ref_5adebfffdd6e1a7375f0d21bc4d1d54f640873304318658c72f86dbab967138f">''[[:d:Q51143933|Proposal for a new classification of a deep branching bacterial phylogenetic lineage: transfer of Coprothermobacter proteolyticus and Coprothermobacter platensis to Coprothermobacteraceae fam. nov., within Coprothermobacterales ord. nov., Coprotherm]]''</ref><ref name="ref_37d054a4c8cde52029f709d9b663c8f23a78e4822a90332b4b620aec5f0920e1">''[[:d:Q60164468|Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 68, part 5, of the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Coprothermobacteria]]<ref name="ref_5adebfffdd6e1a7375f0d21bc4d1d54f640873304318658c72f86dbab967138f">''[[:d:Q51143933|Proposal for a new classification of a deep branching bacterial phylogenetic lineage: transfer of Coprothermobacter proteolyticus and Coprothermobacter platensis to Coprothermobacteraceae fam. nov., within Coprothermobacterales ord. nov., Coprotherm]]''</ref><ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58192325|Q58192325]]
| [[Trochida]]
| Trochida
| [[Vetigastropoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58376904|Q58376904]]
| [[Lepetellida]]
| Lepetellida
| [[Vetigastropoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Haliotis lamellosa.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58376950|Q58376950]]
| [[Seguenziida]]
| Seguenziida
| [[Vetigastropoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58834670|Q58834670]]
| [[Amphisphaeriales]]
| Amphisphaeriales
| [[Xylariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58834703|Q58834703]]
| [[Xenospadicoidales]]
| Xenospadicoidales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58897196|Q58897196]]
| [[Glugeida]]
| Glugeida
| [[Microsporidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59257373|Q59257373]]
| [[Nephridiophagales]]
| Nephridiophagales
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59514678|Q59514678]]
| [[Bicosoecida]]
| Bicosoecida
| [[Cyathobodoniae]]
| [[File:Cafeteria roenbergensis FENCHEL and D J PATTERSON schematic drawing.svg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59654245|Q59654245]]
| [[Cossurida]]
| Cossurida
| [[Scolecida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59660560|Q59660560]]
| [[Protodrilida]]
| Protodrilida
| [[Polychaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60230735|Q60230735]]
| [[Neocelosporiales]]
| Neocelosporiales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60477980|Q60477980]]
| [[Cycloneritida]]
| Cycloneritida
| [[Neritimorpha]]
| [[File:Nerita plicata 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60499593|Q60499593]]
| [[Caproiformes]]
| Caproiformes<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_137bf6360cd8b91cec0697729a484439e783d9c60defd2ff2eb49ad0a4609190">''[[:d:Q27721031|Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Boarfish (Capros aper).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60499665|Q60499665]]
| [[Priacanthiformes]]
| Priacanthiformes<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_6f4829663dd7a24c25c607891807ca1fb53414cf9d0e12fd7458ffac92eb794f">''[[:d:Q51444567|Atlas ichthyologique des Indes orientales néêrlandaises : publié sous les auspices du gouvernement colonial néêrlandais]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Crescent-tail bigeye, Priacanthus hamrur, at Elphinstone Reef, Red Sea, Egypt -SCUBA (6180750282).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60499707|Q60499707]]
| [[Lobotiformes]]
| Lobotiformes
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Lobotes surinamensis Ford 21.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60499781|Q60499781]]
| [[Gerreiformes]]
| Gerreiformes<ref name="ref_f3cd2deb3f2a08b0af060ca6fc31cfc0387088f3a6847ee87839ee2553e4c587">''[[:d:Q5656891|Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60499998|Q60499998]]
| [[Lutjaniformes]]
| Lutjaniformes<ref name="ref_2fbcd70ea6d1f1a9dd2c82d60977f1fbcfff272c39807353423621a7bbf1e93a">''[[:d:Q172266|Biodiversity Heritage Library]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Bigeye Snappers (Lutjanus lutjanus) (6124107622).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60500115|Q60500115]]
| [[Acanthuriformes]]
| Acanthuriformes<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><br/>[[Teleostei]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pez cirujano azul cielo (Acanthurus leucosternon), Zanzíbar, Tanzania, 2024-05-29, DD 90.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60500300|Q60500300]]
| [[Chaetodontiformes]]
| Chaetodontiformes<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f3cd2deb3f2a08b0af060ca6fc31cfc0387088f3a6847ee87839ee2553e4c587">''[[:d:Q5656891|Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Chaetodon melannotus edit.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60500655|Q60500655]]
| [[Pempheriformes]]
| Pempheriformes<ref name="ref_f0113f25e45ce800a5912c8d6a11f36d19f48bdbd918313b0761ddf499147e46">''[[:d:Q21090249|The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Pempheris vanicolensis Karpathos.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60500706|Q60500706]]
| [[Labriformes]]
| Labriformes
| [[Eupercaria]]
| [[File:Labrus merula 03-12-06 (Stefano Guerrieri).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60582552|Q60582552]]
| [[Stiassnyiformes]]
| Stiassnyiformes<ref name="ref_100da085a9b70fc501060dbfefd985ebd4f71e890900e597114b1c121ec361f8">''[[:d:Q33390062|RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny]]''</ref>
| [[Percomorpha]]
| [[File:Gelege pflegende perculas.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60610511|Q60610511]]
| [[Herpomycetales]]
| Herpomycetales
| [[Laboulbeniomycetes]]
| [[File:Female thallus of Herpomyces chaetophilus, scale bar 100 μm.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60610522|Q60610522]]
| [[Parasympodiellales]]
| Parasympodiellales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60610531|Q60610531]]
| [[Spathulosporales]]
| Spathulosporales<ref name="ref_7e0c637848e1db6d243c2227935970b19db8a4762e00f30bc69a385e75a36bf7">''[[:d:Q99886417|Spathulosporales, a New Order and Possible Missing Link between Laboulbeniales and Pyrenomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60613116|Q60613116]]
| [[Blenniiformes]]
| Blenniiformes<ref name="ref_a051e33592281cdd8168a7cb9c91b7bae6f1bfaba3b754dd2fe75e352e48ebb5">''[[:d:Q33883775|Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f3cd2deb3f2a08b0af060ca6fc31cfc0387088f3a6847ee87839ee2553e4c587">''[[:d:Q5656891|Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae]]''</ref><ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f3cd2deb3f2a08b0af060ca6fc31cfc0387088f3a6847ee87839ee2553e4c587">''[[:d:Q5656891|Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae]]''</ref>
| [[Ovalentaria]]<br/>[[Actinopteri]]<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[File:Ophioblennius steindachneri.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60621979|Q60621979]]
| [[Vermiculariopsiellales]]
| Vermiculariopsiellales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60730928|Q60730928]]
| [[Symbiotaphrinales]]
| Symbiotaphrinales
| [[Xylonomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60732129|Q60732129]]
| [[Protacrodontiformes]]
| Protacrodontiformes<ref name="ref_e15368fd420c777ba2608cb300ef96bc5cf521014a821d17ae2db180d989550d">''[[:d:Q60731916|Fishes of the World]]''</ref>
| [[Euselachii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60752698|Q60752698]]
| [[Silvanigrellales]]
| Silvanigrellales<ref name="ref_213dabdcf54779be959c54079ac39216721c72adf7d01a0e8266adca50124209">''[[:d:Q38644756|Silvanigrella aquatica gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake, description of Silvanigrellaceae fam. nov. and Silvanigrellales ord. nov., reclassification of the order Bdellovibrionales in the class Oligoflexia, reclassification of the]]''</ref>
| [[Oligoflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60974835|Q60974835]]
| [[Graphidales]]
| Graphidales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
| [[File:Graphis scripta.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60974866|Q60974866]]
| [[Sporastatiales]]
| Sporastatiales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Lecanoromycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60974868|Q60974868]]
| [[Stomiatiformes]]
| Stomiatiformes
| [[Stomiati]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60982686|Q60982686]]
| [[Orbiniida]]
| Orbiniida
| [[Polychaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61014058|Q61014058]]
| [[Schaereriales]]
| Schaereriales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
| [[File:Schaereria fuscocinerea 50-Digulleville,Jardeheu 2015-05-30 01.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61014061|Q61014061]]
| [[Thelenellales]]
| Thelenellales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61041696|Q61041696]]
| [[Siphonariida]]
| Siphonariida
| [[Siphonarimorpha]]
| [[File:Siphonaria normalis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61484133|Q61484133]]
| [[Proplicastomata]]
| Proplicastomata
| [[Turbellarios|Turbellaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61593831|Q61593831]]
| [[Trichinellida]]
| Trichinellida
| [[Dorylaimia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61677352|Q61677352]]
| [[Tectibranchiata]]
| Tectibranchiata
| [[Tectipleura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61677362|Q61677362]]
| [[Ellobiida]]
| Ellobiida
| [[Eupulmonata]]
| [[File:Kuriirokomimi0903-1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61677364|Q61677364]]
| [[Runcinida]]
| Runcinida
| [[Tectipleura]]
| [[File:Runcina brenkoae (10.3989-scimar.04907.07A) Figure 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61677365|Q61677365]]
| [[Pleurobranchida]]
| Pleurobranchida
| [[Nudipleura]]
| [[File:Tomoberthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61719409|Q61719409]]
| [[Acropomatiformes]]
| Acropomatiformes<ref name="ref_326ac5569391c4058005e6ad9441a464fc841e83feba37d7ba7668f7c922fe08">''[[:d:Q9185167|Catalog of Fishes]]''</ref>
| [[Acanthopterygii]]<br/>[[Teleostei]]
| [[File:Acropoma japonicum.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61785088|Q61785088]]
| [[Gnosonesimida]]
| Gnosonesimida
| [[Neoophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61882916|Q61882916]]
| [[Dolichomastigales]]
| Dolichomastigales<ref name="ref_2c414b4f9fc65e5dec31b3eb6cee49db0c63ad63e22253876505c0bc60b3e414">''[[:d:Q45718648|Molecular phylogeny and classification of the Mamiellophyceae class. nov. (Chlorophyta) based on sequence comparisons of the nuclear- and plastid-encoded rRNA operons]]''</ref>
| [[Mamiellophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61954804|Q61954804]]
| [[Picomonadida]]
| Picomonadida<ref name="ref_6f84893f17d7dac5f1f35e78e801676446c737f5807c18239365a578d6349f8b">''[[:d:Q21089798|Picomonas judraskeda Gen. Et Sp. Nov.: The First Identified Member of the Picozoa Phylum Nov., a Widespread Group of Picoeukaryotes, Formerly Known as ‘Picobiliphytes’]]''</ref>
| [[Picomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61995833|Q61995833]]
| [[Entosiphonida]]
| Entosiphonida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Entosiphonea]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61996034|Q61996034]]
| [[Decastavida]]
| Decastavida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Homostavia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61996113|Q61996113]]
| [[Heterostavida]]
| Heterostavida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Heterostavia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61996150|Q61996150]]
| [[Anisonemida]]
| Anisonemida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Anisonemia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61996166|Q61996166]]
| [[Natomonadida]]
| Natomonadida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Anisonemia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61996307|Q61996307]]
| [[Acroglissida]]
| Acroglissida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Anisonemia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61996383|Q61996383]]
| [[Rapazida]]
| Rapazida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Rapazia]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61996471|Q61996471]]
| [[Bihospitida]]
| Bihospitida<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Postgaardea]]<ref name="ref_434ca199bdc838a6ed49c005b9c03973cbc6c433a66101db8e1a66595b1e97d7">''[[:d:Q39151632|Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Bihospites bacati.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62027276|Q62027276]]
| [[Marinilabiliales]]
| Marinilabiliales<ref name="ref_9ae6c8ad221311ebd778c9d88b42488f04a12fd332a74f693a61d971cd8e311c">''[[:d:Q31118258|Description of Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment, proposal of Marinilabiliales ord. nov. and transfer of Marinilabiliaceae, Prolixibacteraceae and Marinifilaceae to the order Marinilabiliales]]''</ref>
| [[Bacteroidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62033507|Q62033507]]
| [[Parachlamydiales]]
| Parachlamydiales<ref name="ref_a25afa24983402a023c867220d977742cc38109a08b24c472b80b2f949d8751f">''[[:d:Q45340843|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Chlamydiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62066301|Q62066301]]
| [[Kiritimatiellales]]
| Kiritimatiellales<ref name="ref_2c4dfd394042fbfceb463f93db11e02a29e679c3dec44a71baa7f9ed165fbb9f">''[[:d:Q45760105|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Kiritimatiellia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62602515|Q62602515]]
| [[Saprospirales]]
| Saprospirales<ref name="ref_2724d13786ac91bda0097cc619b6c671650279ec70877a9dd71d395a353c7ee6">''[[:d:Q45760312|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref>
| [[Saprospiria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62629846|Q62629846]]
| [[Iodidimonadales]]
| Iodidimonadales<ref name="ref_4cdc9f927d5f2db64e3aae537e098b2abebfb5bf0626f0282bd7b2bf07efa11d">''[[:d:Q36114794|Iodidimonas muriae gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic iodide-oxidizing bacterium isolated from brine of a natural gas and iodine recovery facility, and proposals of Iodidimonadaceae fam. nov., Iodidimonadales ord. nov., Emcibacteraceae fam. nov. and Em]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62630101|Q62630101]]
| [[Micropepsales]]
| Micropepsales<ref name="ref_099e527cc6f1ad212c98ac9b5372c69d0d7a7e7914a65530fa4ed69afdc20754">''[[:d:Q31146117|Micropepsis pineolensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a mildly acidophilic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a poor fen, and proposal of Micropepsaceae fam. nov. within Micropepsales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62646382|Q62646382]]
| [[Immundisolibacterales]]
| Immundisolibacterales<ref name="ref_50b5e10f95ce441e37e8af9ec2827e2ff93bdaca5a97decc7b8ce8bc85a11c85">''[[:d:Q31147391|Description of Immundisolibacter cernigliae gen. nov., sp. nov., a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium within the class Gammaproteobacteria, and proposal of Immundisolibacterales ord. nov. and Immundisolibactera]]''</ref>
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62646992|Q62646992]]
| [[Lysobacterales]]
| Lysobacterales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63362711|Q63362711]]
| [[Minwuiales]]
| Minwuiales<ref name="ref_63e7eb55c1137f1df3ca22987e5f977cabed0e569a931075aa68eaaaa52816f0">''[[:d:Q57457771|Minwuia thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium forming a deep branch in the Alphaproteobacteria, and proposal of Minwuiaceae fam. nov. and Minwuiales ord. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63366516|Q63366516]]
| [[Methanonatronarchaeales]]
| Methanonatronarchaeales
| [[Methanonatronarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63433510|Q63433510]]
| [[Capsulimonadales]]
| Capsulimonadales<ref name="ref_55b8961a7dcc45cace5483661f8e4884931d73af1b32c8767e3dc86a258f4cf8">''[[:d:Q63339648|Capsulimonas corticalis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic capsulated bacterium, of a novel bacterial order, Capsulimonadales ord. nov., of the class Armatimonadia of the phylum Armatimonadetes]]''</ref>
| [[Armatimonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63526920|Q63526920]]
| [[Jobellisiales]]
| Jobellisiales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
| [[File:Jobellisia luteola.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63622085|Q63622085]]
| [[Violaceomycetales]]
| Violaceomycetales<ref name="ref_82a93aaf9856a2fd63eac3fba3fe343ad7e56198d14659e833e0b85253d528e1">''[[:d:Q30989140|Violaceomyces palustris gen. et sp. nov. and a new monotypic lineage, Violaceomycetales ord. nov. in Ustilaginomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Ustilaginomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63985623|Q63985623]]
| [[Prorhynchida]]
| Prorhynchida
| [[Rhabditophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64350794|Q64350794]]
| [[Bartheletiales]]
| Bartheletiales
| [[Bartheletiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65120555|Q65120555]]
| [[Benneviaspidiformes]]
| Benneviaspidiformes
| [[Osteostraci]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65133717|Q65133717]]
| [[Gloeochaetales]]
| Gloeochaetales
| [[Glaucophyceae]]
| [[File:Gloeochaete wittrockiana 336295979.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65147721|Q65147721]]
| [[Corallicolida]]
| Corallicolida<ref name="ref_82674526fa5a7ad5f848891c100d44304a99aaac22eff3ab03fc12f16773650b">''[[:d:Q107742586|Taxonomy of the Apicomplexan Symbionts of Coral, including Corallicolida ord. nov., Reassignment of the Genus Gemmocystis , and Description of New Species Corallicola aquarius gen. nov. sp. nov. and Anthozoaphila gnarlus gen. nov. sp. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Conoidasida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65684104|Q65684104]]
| [[Umbellinales]]
| Umbellinales
| [[Charophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66793644|Q66793644]]
| [[Rhodelphida]]
| Rhodelphida<ref name="ref_1c4c81dfe9821d726fc2a7e0d711e97f1c130b35c01f3557dbc10ab5c096eac6">''[[:d:Q91969380|Non-photosynthetic predators are sister to red algae]]''</ref>
| [[Rhodelphea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67428932|Q67428932]]
| [[Eupodiscales]]
| Eupodiscales
| [[Thalassiosirophycidae]]
| [[File:Eupodiscus in Peragallo 1897.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68355482|Q68355482]]
| [[Goniochloridales]]
| Goniochloridales
| [[Eustigmatophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68781205|Q68781205]]
| [[Eucoccidiida]]
| Eucoccidiida<ref name="ref_482b1afc773fdb8673c3a9d2bf5b723661e4792369fa3621a45a9c4d9cfa9c67">''[[:d:Q109567037|Selenococcidium intermedium Lég. et Dub. et la systématique des sporozoaires]]''</ref>
| [[Coccidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68805630|Q68805630]]
| [[Hypotrichida]]
| Hypotrichida
| [[Polymenophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69466372|Q69466372]]
| [[Eimeriida]]
| Eimeriida
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71426529|Q71426529]]
| [[Gastrochaenida]]
| Gastrochaenida
| [[Imparidentia]]
| [[File:Winged Chimney Clam (11670624063).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71439911|Q71439911]]
| [[Sphaeriida]]
| Sphaeriida
| [[Imparidentia]]
| [[File:Sphaerium corneum.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71807112|Q71807112]]
| [[Galeommatida]]
| Galeommatida
| [[Imparidentia]]
| [[File:Un bivalve de la famille des Galeommatidae.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q72265514|Q72265514]]
| [[Rudista]]
| Rudista
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75381923|Q75381923]]
| [[Naiaditales]]
| Naiaditales<ref name="ref_6391a79fce707863162e6f9160e97be2103e6c52abb90c750e6948af61e61729">''[[:d:Q23718005|Validation of ordinal and family names for a Triassic fossil liverwort, Naiadita (Naiaditaceae, Marchantiopsida)]]''</ref>
| [[Marchantiidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76877615|Q76877615]]
| [[Cocculinida]]
| Cocculinida
| [[Neomphaliones]]
| [[File:Coccopigya hispida (MNHN-IM-2000-4954).jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q77043819|Q77043819]]
| [[Phlebolepidiformes]]
| Phlebolepidiformes
| [[Thelodonti]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q80125024|Q80125024]]
| [[Loganelliiformes]]
| Loganelliiformes
| [[Thelodonti]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q80128509|Q80128509]]
| [[Gloeomargaritales]]
| Gloeomargaritales<ref name="ref_e01dcf3d912f75555f18e269d584adf6ee3316aec5fa7716215e6e3bf24b12e7">''[[:d:Q31146072|Description of Gloeomargarita lithophora gen. nov., sp. nov., a thylakoid-bearing basal-branching cyanobacterium with intracellular carbonates, and proposal for Gloeomargaritales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Gloeobacterophycidae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81932568|Q81932568]]
| [[Barclayales]]
| Barclayales
| [[Angiospermae|angiosperms]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81932854|Q81932854]]
| [[Euryalales]]
| Euryalales
| [[Angiospermae|angiosperms]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81933723|Q81933723]]
| [[Trimeniales]]
| Trimeniales<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Magnoliopsida]]<br/>[[Nymphaeanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81935761|Q81935761]]
| [[Asarales]]
| Asarales
| [[magnoliids]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81936634|Q81936634]]
| [[Degeneriales]]
| Degeneriales
| [[Magnoliidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81937093|Q81937093]]
| [[Himantandrales]]
| Himantandrales<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Magnoliidae]]<br/>[[Magnolianae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q82298227|Q82298227]]
| [[Scotinosphaerales]]
| Scotinosphaerales<ref name="ref_3895185af95cf28476dd9af5cc417cf324bb23cb2fba734abae77f23730244a8">''[[:d:Q39893958|Morphology and Phylogenetic Position of the Freshwater Green Microalgae Chlorochytrium (Chlorophyceae) and Scotinosphaera (Scotinosphaerales, ord. nov., Ulvophyceae).]]''</ref>
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Scotinosphaera paradoxa in Klebs 1881.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q82342899|Q82342899]]
| [[Sandiviiformes]]
| Sandiviiformes
| [[Thelodonti]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84550989|Q84550989]]
| [[Chloropicales]]
| Chloropicales<ref name="ref_93e5b331f74e37623548173396db15e1d2164f42f2a2735e529656555c8b859e">''[[:d:Q42630271|Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes.]]''</ref>
| [[Chloropicophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84556357|Q84556357]]
| [[Prasinococcales]]
| Prasinococcales<ref name="ref_df92f74a2661655060d9beb7927f10f6b8ddf7c3ad37aed7855a4a0cd90ae91e">''[[:d:Q28603071|Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Palmophyllophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84562353|Q84562353]]
| [[Picocystales]]
| Picocystales<ref name="ref_93e5b331f74e37623548173396db15e1d2164f42f2a2735e529656555c8b859e">''[[:d:Q42630271|Chloropicophyceae, a new class of picophytoplanktonic prasinophytes.]]''</ref>
| [[Picocystophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85764131|Q85764131]]
| [[Gosslingiales]]
| Gosslingiales
| [[Zosterophyllopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86837870|Q86837870]]
| [[Canuelloida]]
| Canuelloida
| [[Podoplea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86941093|Q86941093]]
| [[Marthamycetales]]
| Marthamycetales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88305188|Q88305188]]
| [[Micropeltidales]]
| Micropeltidales<ref name="ref_db176f35e8ff66985382896397c52c0ead2b6e4f7c36fcf864eb58708c08420e">''[[:d:Q1860469|Index Fungorum]]''</ref>
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92035382|Q92035382]]
| [[Nanoarchaeales]]
| Nanoarchaeales
| [[Nanoarchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92198718|Q92198718]]
| [[Tubulavirales]]
| Tubulavirales<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Faserviricetes]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92198781|Q92198781]]
| [[Polivirales]]
| Polivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Mouviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92198840|Q92198840]]
| [[Sepolyvirales]]
| Sepolyvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Papovaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92198891|Q92198891]]
| [[Zurhausenvirales]]
| Zurhausenvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Papovaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92198939|Q92198939]]
| [[Piccovirales]]
| Piccovirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Quintoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92198999|Q92198999]]
| [[Baphyvirales]]
| Baphyvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Arfiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199060|Q92199060]]
| [[Cirlivirales]]
| Cirlivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Arfiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199132|Q92199132]]
| [[Cremevirales]]
| Cremevirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Arfiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199175|Q92199175]]
| [[Mulpavirales]]
| Mulpavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Arfiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199229|Q92199229]]
| [[Recrevirales]]
| Recrevirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Arfiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199277|Q92199277]]
| [[Geplafuvirales]]
| Geplafuvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Repensiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199356|Q92199356]]
| [[Haloruvirales]]
| Haloruvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Huolimaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199404|Q92199404]]
| [[Ghabrivirales]]
| Ghabrivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Chrymotiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199470|Q92199470]]
| [[Hepelivirales]]
| Hepelivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Alsuviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[File:Hepatitis E virus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199535|Q92199535]]
| [[Martellivirales]]
| Martellivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Alsuviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199599|Q92199599]]
| [[Amarillovirales]]
| Amarillovirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Flasuviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199658|Q92199658]]
| [[Nodamuvirales]]
| Nodamuvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Magsaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199717|Q92199717]]
| [[Tolivirales]]
| Tolivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tolucaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199767|Q92199767]]
| [[Cryppavirales]]
| Cryppavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Howeltoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199803|Q92199803]]
| [[Ourlivirales]]
| Ourlivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Miaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199892|Q92199892]]
| [[Patatavirales]]
| Patatavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Stelpaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199940|Q92199940]]
| [[Stellavirales]]
| Stellavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Stelpaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92199989|Q92199989]]
| [[Blubervirales]]
| Blubervirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Revtraviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92200027|Q92200027]]
| [[Priklausovirales]]
| Priklausovirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Maveriviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92200073|Q92200073]]
| [[Belfryvirales]]
| Belfryvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tectiliviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92200124|Q92200124]]
| [[Kalamavirales]]
| Kalamavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tectiliviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92200167|Q92200167]]
| [[Rowavirales]]
| Rowavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tectiliviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92200206|Q92200206]]
| [[Vinavirales]]
| Vinavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tectiliviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92200246|Q92200246]]
| [[Halopanivirales]]
| Halopanivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Laserviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614093|Q92614093]]
| [[Petitvirales]]
| Petitvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Malgrandaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614140|Q92614140]]
| [[Reovirales]]
| Reovirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Resentoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614181|Q92614181]]
| [[Mindivirales]]
| Mindivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Vidaverviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614227|Q92614227]]
| [[Levivirales]]
| Levivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Allassoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614275|Q92614275]]
| [[Wolframvirales]]
| Wolframvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Amabiliviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614327|Q92614327]]
| [[Durnavirales]]
| Durnavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Duplopiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614401|Q92614401]]
| [[Sobelivirales]]
| Sobelivirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Pisoniviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614443|Q92614443]]
| [[Algavirales]]
| Algavirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Megaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614483|Q92614483]]
| [[Imitervirales]]
| Imitervirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Megaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614528|Q92614528]]
| [[Pimascovirales]]
| Pimascovirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Megaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614577|Q92614577]]
| [[Asfuvirales]]
| Asfuvirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Pokkesviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92614616|Q92614616]]
| [[Chitovirales]]
| Chitovirales<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Pokkesviricetes]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92757642|Q92757642]]
| [[Spirogloeales]]
| Spirogloeales
| [[Spirogloeophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93437414|Q93437414]]
| [[Siberiida]]
| Siberiida
| [[Lobopodia]]<br/>[[Xenusia]]
| [[File:20191217 Siberiida Siberion Megadictyon Jianshanopodia.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93790353|Q93790353]]
| [[Chyridiopsida]]
| Chyridiopsida
| [[Microsporidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93794238|Q93794238]]
| [[Dissociodihaplophasida]]
| Dissociodihaplophasida
| [[Microsporidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q94508056|Q94508056]]
| [[Neopereziida]]
| Neopereziida<ref name="ref_dcf7bca1ca9d71b72c9deed9817094a3f2ae875a153168a96e8a76c9309ed233">''[[:d:Q110003348|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Microsporidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q94686741|Q94686741]]
| [[Prosomatifera]]
| Prosomatifera
| [[Chitinozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96107278|Q96107278]]
| [[Shieliiformes]]
| Shieliiformes
| [[Thelodonti]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96126852|Q96126852]]
| [[Amblyosporida]]
| Amblyosporida<ref name="ref_dcf7bca1ca9d71b72c9deed9817094a3f2ae875a153168a96e8a76c9309ed233">''[[:d:Q110003348|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Microsporidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96127759|Q96127759]]
| [[Heitmaniales]]
| Heitmaniales
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96381504|Q96381504]]
| [[Hymenocarina]]
| Hymenocarina
| [[Mandibulata]]
| [[File:20211025 Waptia fieldensis.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96400380|Q96400380]]
| [[Pseudoditrichales]]
| Pseudoditrichales
| [[Dicranidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96484277|Q96484277]]
| [[Poecillastrida]]
| Poecillastrida
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96492975|Q96492975]]
| [[Zygorhizidiales]]
| Zygorhizidiales
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96493388|Q96493388]]
| [[Zygophlyctidales]]
| Zygophlyctidales
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96495211|Q96495211]]
| [[Lembosinales]]
| Lembosinales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96814542|Q96814542]]
| [[Micraspidales]]
| Micraspidales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97180797|Q97180797]]
| [[Commatiida]]
| Commatiida
| [[Raphopoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97206545|Q97206545]]
| [[Podocarpales]]
| Podocarpales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pinidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[File:Podocarpus macrophyllus inumaki.JPG|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97341413|Q97341413]]
| [[Mycosphaerellales]]
| Mycosphaerellales
| [[Dothideomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97999751|Q97999751]]
| [[Hypopterygiales]]
| Hypopterygiales
| [[Hypnanae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98690745|Q98690745]]
| [[Distoseptisporales]]
| Distoseptisporales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
| [[File:Distoseptispora bambusae (10.3897-BDJ.8.e53678) Figure 3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98690746|Q98690746]]
| [[Tracyllales]]
| Tracyllales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99232012|Q99232012]]
| [[Loxsomatales]]
| Loxsomatales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99232242|Q99232242]]
| [[Platyzomatales]]
| Platyzomatales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99232357|Q99232357]]
| [[Parkeriales]]
| Parkeriales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99232562|Q99232562]]
| [[Plagiogyriales]]
| Plagiogyriales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99232628|Q99232628]]
| [[Matoniales]]
| Matoniales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99233007|Q99233007]]
| [[Stromatopteridales]]
| Stromatopteridales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99233127|Q99233127]]
| [[Hymenophyllopsidales]]
| Hymenophyllopsidales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Polypodiidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99234338|Q99234338]]
| [[Sciadopityales]]
| Sciadopityales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pinidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99234594|Q99234594]]
| [[Cephalotaxales]]
| Cephalotaxales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Pinidae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99293389|Q99293389]]
| [[Cryptosporangiales]]
| Cryptosporangiales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99299816|Q99299816]]
| [[Mycobacteriales]]
| Mycobacteriales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99300061|Q99300061]]
| [[Sporichthyales]]
| Sporichthyales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99333963|Q99333963]]
| [[Flagellariales]]
| Flagellariales<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<br/>[[Juncanae]]<ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99394711|Q99394711]]
| [[Platanales]]
| Platanales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Proteanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99394766|Q99394766]]
| [[Betulales]]
| Betulales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Hamamelidanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99394804|Q99394804]]
| [[Hypericales]]
| Hypericales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Ericanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><br/>[[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99394896|Q99394896]]
| [[Akaniales]]
| Akaniales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Capparanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99394919|Q99394919]]
| [[Anisophylleales]]
| Anisophylleales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99394981|Q99394981]]
| [[Chrysobalanales]]
| Chrysobalanales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Rosanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99395095|Q99395095]]
| [[Biebersteiniales]]
| Biebersteiniales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rutanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99395105|Q99395105]]
| [[Rousseales]]
| Rousseales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Asteranae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99395180|Q99395180]]
| [[Phellinales]]
| Phellinales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Asteranae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99395634|Q99395634]]
| [[Stemonales]]
| Stemonales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Pandananae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99395723|Q99395723]]
| [[Dasypogonales]]
| Dasypogonales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref><br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99395781|Q99395781]]
| [[Aextoxicales]]
| Aextoxicales<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Violanae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99433496|Q99433496]]
| [[Mitrastemonales]]
| Mitrastemonales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
| [[Rafflesianae]]<ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99438639|Q99438639]]
| [[Rapateales]]
| Rapateales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99438727|Q99438727]]
| [[Cannales]]
| Cannales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
| [[Liliales]]<br/>[[Lilianae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref><br/>[[Commelinanae]]<ref name="ref_793fa96b38ba606676c280023b7166d5dd46b9c63ee2a25b32e804b70f25a538">''[[:d:Q22338324|An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida (“Angiospermae”)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99455827|Q99455827]]
| [[Peridiscales]]
| Peridiscales<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
| [[Saxifraganae]]<ref name="ref_69b50a399407f05f4fa737e9d26f700dff76ffc8db376521051abb69751a5735">''[[:d:Q21994487|Summary of recent systems of angiosperm classification]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100582257|Q100582257]]
| [[Rosettozymales]]
| Rosettozymales
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100708599|Q100708599]]
| [[Archaegladiopsidales]]
| Archaegladiopsidales
| [[Archaegladiopsophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100709016|Q100709016]]
| [[Gladiales]]
| Gladiales
| [[Archaegladiopsophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100709334|Q100709334]]
| [[Stephanopyxales]]
| Stephanopyxales<ref name="ref_6853a4f142dddad620ec39e1bbc0db13dc9e9de30b03d9b5015932c5905d84c2">https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11917638</ref>
| [[Coscinodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100907160|Q100907160]]
| [[Erdtmanithecales]]
| Erdtmanithecales
| [[Spermatophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101246682|Q101246682]]
| [[Sareales]]
| Sareales
| [[Sareomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q103199976|Q103199976]]
| [[Cintractiellales]]
| Cintractiellales
| [[Ustilaginomycotina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q103496062|Q103496062]]
| [[Ovavesiculida]]
| Ovavesiculida<ref name="ref_dcf7bca1ca9d71b72c9deed9817094a3f2ae875a153168a96e8a76c9309ed233">''[[:d:Q110003348|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Microsporidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q103837648|Q103837648]]
| [[Nosematida]]
| Nosematida
| [[Microsporidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104065093|Q104065093]]
| [[Lichinodiales]]
| Lichinodiales
| [[Leotiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104098992|Q104098992]]
| [[Catabotryales]]
| Catabotryales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104177787|Q104177787]]
| [[Turniniida]]
| Turniniida
| [[Thelodonti]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104833396|Q104833396]]
| [[Turquoiseomycetales]]
| Turquoiseomycetales
| [[Lecanoromycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104848000|Q104848000]]
| [[Mongolepidida]]
| Mongolepidida
| [[Chondrichthyes]]<ref name="ref_a1124a05085e8e67b885c938b41aee816fe4842bcd30c63b608a16efbee76a6a">''[[:d:Q89695558|Early Silurian chondrichthyans from the Tarim Basin (Xinjiang, China)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105273095|Q105273095]]
| [[Cribrariida]]
| Cribrariida
| [[Myxogastria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105427417|Q105427417]]
| [[Zamiales]]
| Zamiales
| [[Cycadopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105627017|Q105627017]]
| [[Ceratiomyxales]]
| Ceratiomyxales
| [[Ceratiomyxomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105753079|Q105753079]]
| [[Idiosepida]]
| Idiosepida
| [[Decapodiformes]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105754163|Q105754163]]
| [[Bathyteuthida]]
| Bathyteuthida
| [[Decapodiformes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105837852|Q105837852]]
| [[Siedleckiida]]
| Siedleckiida<ref name="ref_e559179bbf7c34e4eb906226587d66f12193e593195b418ef66ccefc2584d669">''[[:d:Q91041434|First Ultrastructural and Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence from the Blastogregarines, an Early Branching Lineage of Plesiomorphic Apicomplexa]]''</ref>
| [[Blastogregarinea]]<ref name="ref_e559179bbf7c34e4eb906226587d66f12193e593195b418ef66ccefc2584d669">''[[:d:Q91041434|First Ultrastructural and Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence from the Blastogregarines, an Early Branching Lineage of Plesiomorphic Apicomplexa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105839953|Q105839953]]
| [[Cephalothecales]]
| Cephalothecales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105995016|Q105995016]]
| [[Neodactylariales]]
| Neodactylariales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Neodactylaria simaoensis (10.3897-mycokeys.73.54054) Figure 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106291961|Q106291961]]
| [[Chlorokybales]]
| Chlorokybales
| [[Chlorokybophyceae]]
| [[File:Chlorokybus atmophyticus.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106355196|Q106355196]]
| [[Crustoidea]]
| Crustoidea
| [[Graptolithoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106356267|Q106356267]]
| [[Tuboidea]]
| Tuboidea
| [[Graptolithoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106453428|Q106453428]]
| [[Kilbuchophyllida]]
| Kilbuchophyllida
| [[Hexacorallia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106548585|Q106548585]]
| [[Icosteiformes]]
| Icosteiformes
| [[Percomorpha]]<ref name="ref_e15368fd420c777ba2608cb300ef96bc5cf521014a821d17ae2db180d989550d">''[[:d:Q60731916|Fishes of the World]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106938595|Q106938595]]
| [[Primavirales]]
| Primavirales<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tokiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106938620|Q106938620]]
| [[Norzivirales]]
| Norzivirales<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Leviviricetes]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106938621|Q106938621]]
| [[Timlovirales]]
| Timlovirales<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Leviviricetes]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106938630|Q106938630]]
| [[Orthopolintovirales]]
| Orthopolintovirales<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Polintoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106951805|Q106951805]]
| [[Lefavirales]]
| Lefavirales<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Naldaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107012596|Q107012596]]
| [[Acytosteliales]]
| Acytosteliales
| [[Dictyostelia]]<br/>[[Dictyosteliomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107096374|Q107096374]]
| [[Holosporales]]
| Holosporales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107122642|Q107122642]]
| [[Cirratulida]]
| Cirratulida
| [[Polychaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107122700|Q107122700]]
| [[Opheliida]]
| Opheliida
| [[Polychaeta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107126537|Q107126537]]
| [[Leptolaimida]]
| Leptolaimida
| [[Chromadorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107183004|Q107183004]]
| [[Ischnochitonida]]
| Ischnochitonida
| [[Polyplacophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107183184|Q107183184]]
| [[Coloniales]]
| Coloniales
| [[Kamptozoa]]
| [[File:Colonial anemone zebra.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107353470|Q107353470]]
| [[Taeniocradales]]
| Taeniocradales
| [[Rhyniophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107454691|Q107454691]]
| [[Peronosporomycetidae]]
| Peronosporomycetidae
| [[Peronosporomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107816949|Q107816949]]
| [[Schistostegiales]]
| Schistostegiales<ref name="ref_a5cb691fd2a2b68bd3f1f4fdd86e8363d0afaafce9c9a45fe2e1fcfcae264a67">''[[:d:Q1531570|Global Biodiversity Information Facility]]''</ref>
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107999234|Q107999234]]
| [[Pachytestales]]
| Pachytestales
| [[Pteridospermopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108072698|Q108072698]]
| [[Catinellales]]
| Catinellales<ref name="ref_30bde4718a16fdb75d458578fb423f643403647eb98181f89ef517c22091e4bb">''[[:d:Q110854594|Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108072701|Q108072701]]
| [[Caulochytriales]]
| Caulochytriales
| [[Caulochytriomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108074506|Q108074506]]
| [[Coenomycetales]]
| Coenomycetales
| [[Coenomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108079150|Q108079150]]
| [[Eremomycetales]]
| Eremomycetales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
| [[File:Arthrographis cuboidea.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108081127|Q108081127]]
| [[Gloniales]]
| Gloniales
| [[Pleosporomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108086030|Q108086030]]
| [[Micrinomonadales]]
| Micrinomonadales
| [[Micrinomonadophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108117338|Q108117338]]
| [[Podargiformes]]
| Podargiformes<ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Neoaves]]
| [[File:Srilankan frogmouth.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108117411|Q108117411]]
| [[Nyctibiiformes]]
| Nyctibiiformes<ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Neoaves]]
| [[File:Andean Potto (Nyctibius maculosus) on a branch.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108117479|Q108117479]]
| [[Steatornithiformes]]
| Steatornithiformes<ref name="ref_7edb301dd0fb7ff2cdd7d7f5a23116941a2655b566e8892314c255fd7b60c47f">''[[:d:Q108116032|IOC World Bird List Version 11.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_540c8d5ca51fcbcfdde3ed3fc93419ae3b011062884a1903a6c90b44028c9a05">''[[:d:Q116732424|IOC World Bird List Version 12.1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_29b118fd222e87d09eb4c0d34e662b0f9c0a14846d72dff04e08c839e7ce2bca">''[[:d:Q117190405|IOC World Bird List Version 12.2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_120581709b59e2f7acda8a22fb111da6e394c2562df61854f0a2691fb1342889">''[[:d:Q117219094|IOC World Bird List Version 13.1]]''</ref>
| [[Neoaves]]
| [[File:Oilbirds.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108315889|Q108315889]]
| [[Cothoniida]]
| Cothoniida
| [[Hexacorallia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108368174|Q108368174]]
| [[Botryopteridiales]]
| Botryopteridiales
| [[Botryopteridiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108383281|Q108383281]]
| [[Callimastigales]]
| Callimastigales
| [[Blastocladiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108383570|Q108383570]]
| [[Crossothecales]]
| Crossothecales
| [[Botryopteridiophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108383612|Q108383612]]
| [[Dicranophyllales]]
| Dicranophyllales
| [[Dicranophyllopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108383636|Q108383636]]
| [[Discopteridales]]
| Discopteridales
| [[Botryopteridiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108383690|Q108383690]]
| [[Ferugliocladales]]
| Ferugliocladales
| [[Cordaitopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108384003|Q108384003]]
| [[Mononematales]]
| Mononematales
| [[Kickxellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108384425|Q108384425]]
| [[Neomariopteridales]]
| Neomariopteridales
| [[Botryopteridiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108386234|Q108386234]]
| [[Paleoblastocladiales]]
| Paleoblastocladiales
| [[Blastocladiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108388442|Q108388442]]
| [[Polyphagales]]
| Polyphagales
| [[Monoblepharidomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108388929|Q108388929]]
| [[Psygmophyllales]]
| Psygmophyllales
| [[Cordaitopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108389825|Q108389825]]
| [[Saccopodiales]]
| Saccopodiales
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108390031|Q108390031]]
| [[Senftenbergiales]]
| Senftenbergiales
| [[Botryopteridiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108390257|Q108390257]]
| [[Spiromycetales]]
| Spiromycetales
| [[Kickxellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108400894|Q108400894]]
| [[Archaeolepadomorpha]]
| Archaeolepadomorpha
| [[Thoracicalcarea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108408716|Q108408716]]
| [[Calanticomorpha]]
| Calanticomorpha
| [[Thoracicalcarea]]
| [[File:Calantica graphica (MNHN-IU-2013-16550) 002.jpeg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108470479|Q108470479]]
| [[Sedimentisphaerales]]
| Sedimentisphaerales
| [[Phycisphaerae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108481048|Q108481048]]
| [[Pirellulales]]
| Pirellulales
| [[Planctomycetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108485483|Q108485483]]
| [[Gemmatales]]
| Gemmatales
| [[Planctomycetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108523179|Q108523179]]
| [[Eolepadomorpha]]
| Eolepadomorpha
| [[Phosphatothoracica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108523323|Q108523323]]
| [[Pollicipedomorpha]]
| Pollicipedomorpha
| [[Thoracicalcarea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109019614|Q109019614]]
| [[Ctenocystida]]
| Ctenocystida
| [[Ctenocystoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109442195|Q109442195]]
| [[Tubulaniformes]]
| Tubulaniformes
| [[Palaeonemertea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109877889|Q109877889]]
| [[Cribrariales]]
| Cribrariales
| [[Lucisporidia]]<br/>[[Myxomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109877910|Q109877910]]
| [[Reticulariales]]
| Reticulariales<ref name="ref_05d1a1231353d3c32cc6ebd7e9afceefef76e65dc0c70ea97faad645546a7fec">''[[:d:Q87005931|Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes]]''</ref><br/>Reticulariida<ref name="ref_05d1a1231353d3c32cc6ebd7e9afceefef76e65dc0c70ea97faad645546a7fec">''[[:d:Q87005931|Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Lucisporidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109877911|Q109877911]]
| [[Clastodermatales]]
| Clastodermatales<ref name="ref_05d1a1231353d3c32cc6ebd7e9afceefef76e65dc0c70ea97faad645546a7fec">''[[:d:Q87005931|Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes]]''</ref><br/>Clastodermatida<ref name="ref_05d1a1231353d3c32cc6ebd7e9afceefef76e65dc0c70ea97faad645546a7fec">''[[:d:Q87005931|Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Columellidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109877912|Q109877912]]
| [[Meridermatales]]
| Meridermatales<ref name="ref_05d1a1231353d3c32cc6ebd7e9afceefef76e65dc0c70ea97faad645546a7fec">''[[:d:Q87005931|Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes]]''</ref><br/>Meridermatida<ref name="ref_05d1a1231353d3c32cc6ebd7e9afceefef76e65dc0c70ea97faad645546a7fec">''[[:d:Q87005931|Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Myxomycetes]]''</ref>
| [[Columellidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109984877|Q109984877]]
| [[Fractovitellida]]
| Fractovitellida<ref name="ref_02e2335fb304c5c174f93b5b215156375fdaa8c687751349545635b93dcba42e">''[[:d:Q21560938|Comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of amoebozoa based on concatenated analyses of SSU-rDNA and actin genes]]''</ref>
| [[Variosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109985061|Q109985061]]
| [[Ramamoebida]]
| Ramamoebida<ref name="ref_3d592a1adab2bec71ec950ab003d8e8298fb51ddbd4091cd68be40e3ae11892d">''[[:d:Q28601015|187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution]]''</ref>
| [[Variosea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109997414|Q109997414]]
| [[Corallochytrida]]
| Corallochytrida
| [[Corallochytrea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110007378|Q110007378]]
| [[Rozellida]]
| Rozellida<ref name="ref_b0ab7d2574c635091eba0140547b1ce24309f2b0bc47177df19133b4e6942474">''[[:d:Q34307318|Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Rozellidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110007465|Q110007465]]
| [[Aphelidida]]
| Aphelidida<ref name="ref_b0ab7d2574c635091eba0140547b1ce24309f2b0bc47177df19133b4e6942474">''[[:d:Q34307318|Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Rozellidea]]<br/>[[Aphelidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110123930|Q110123930]]
| [[Prasinodermatales]]
| Prasinodermatales<ref name="ref_5631ca20a38193263affb5106e125eff9a45b825d04393ee636b119cdad1bec1">''[[:d:Q96641117|The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants]]''</ref>
| [[Prasinodermatophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110208093|Q110208093]]
| [[Palpitida]]
| Palpitida<ref name="ref_a47de1747645cc33a5241c834f801a3d852586a2178badcb90aba9f80ce671e8">''[[:d:Q34154015|Oxnerella micra sp. n. (Oxnerellidae fam. n.), a tiny naked centrohelid, and the diversity and evolution of heliozoa]]''</ref>
| [[Palpitea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110209010|Q110209010]]
| [[Goniomonadida]]
| Goniomonadida<ref name="ref_1907a50b98982e87a6eaa507087f391deebe5f7e2c9948c6f45e27be273cf03c">''[[:d:Q104115715|Some proposals for a new classification system of the Cryptophyceae]]''</ref><ref name="ref_073f5d113ee6d5e1831aa575f51a0687fbb540242a8df51194e91be83112d19e">''[[:d:Q110209023|A Zoological Classification System of Cryptomonads]]''</ref>
| [[Goniomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110209266|Q110209266]]
| [[Hemiarmida]]
| Hemiarmida<ref name="ref_da4ee0a6b2499082277a96c7c13ba2a1c5cbb148dc622ea1f89e1560c80c8896">''[[:d:Q47194626|Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences]]''</ref>
| [[Cryptomonada]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110221376|Q110221376]]
| [[Pavlomulinales]]
| Pavlomulinales<ref name="ref_396b795f9e59447306031266a69dae89c8bd278dff7ae7990f8faff35595a67b">''[[:d:Q110221358|Rappemonads are haptophyte phytoplankton]]''</ref>
| [[Rappephyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110222580|Q110222580]]
| [[Pterocystida]]
| Pterocystida<ref name="ref_befa3f94ed07828286001d81aa1172a0d61dc33839f42a3d601847e97863ecd2">''[[:d:Q34239332|Microheliella maris (Microhelida ord. n.), an ultrastructurally highly distinctive new axopodial protist species and genus, and the unity of phylum Heliozoa.]]''</ref>
| [[Centroplasthelida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110224985|Q110224985]]
| [[Minorisida]]
| Minorisida<ref name="ref_da4ee0a6b2499082277a96c7c13ba2a1c5cbb148dc622ea1f89e1560c80c8896">''[[:d:Q47194626|Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences]]''</ref>
| [[Chlorarachnea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110225224|Q110225224]]
| [[Helkesida]]
| Helkesida<ref name="ref_da4ee0a6b2499082277a96c7c13ba2a1c5cbb148dc622ea1f89e1560c80c8896">''[[:d:Q47194626|Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences]]''</ref>
| [[Helkesea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110225634|Q110225634]]
| [[Paracercomonadida]]
| Paracercomonadida<ref name="ref_867bf6a671c48e2ef40e548d167ba607e3c9e89fed0bef9707439984cbb0d7cd">''[[:d:Q53073157|Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria.]]''</ref>
| [[Sarcomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110225635|Q110225635]]
| [[Krakenida]]
| Krakenida<ref name="ref_867bf6a671c48e2ef40e548d167ba607e3c9e89fed0bef9707439984cbb0d7cd">''[[:d:Q53073157|Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria.]]''</ref>
| [[Imbricatea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110226426|Q110226426]]
| [[Aquavolonida]]
| Aquavolonida<ref name="ref_c45734f48684f7991d0a1fb524f808d579ca41eb04e7305f998f31c5cf6594a9">''[[:d:Q52586953|Rhizarian 'Novel Clade 10' Revealed as Abundant and Diverse Planktonic and Terrestrial Flagellates, including Aquavolon n. gen.]]''</ref>
| [[Rhizaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110233654|Q110233654]]
| [[Selenaionida]]
| Selenaionida<ref name="ref_c2ab33b471a37da746490cda9236e6c0b1ddc84b9ff2226e8fd87b668cfe8425">''[[:d:Q58840735|Dactylomonas gen. nov., a Novel Lineage of Heterolobosean Flagellates with Unique Ultrastructure, Closely Related to the Amoeba Selenaion koniopes Park, De Jonckheere & Simpson, 2012]]''</ref>
| [[Tetramitia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110253397|Q110253397]]
| [[Honigbergiellida]]
| Honigbergiellida<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
| [[Trichomonadea]]<ref name="ref_fccc0941b62b767d4ca8f911d6b9157d10c21c21d83ffbc28182047bca5ee1d4">''[[:d:Q33525747|Critical taxonomic revision of Parabasalids with description of one new genus and three new species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110386907|Q110386907]]
| [[Tremellodendropsidales]]
| Tremellodendropsidales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110544430|Q110544430]]
| [[Codiolales]]
| Codiolales<ref name="ref_012eba0dbe37c7aa40587f8eabee8d9593a81bb50a0f2eb0ad19456c16f84c79">''[[:d:Q16958215|iNaturalist]]''</ref><ref name="ref_a5cb691fd2a2b68bd3f1f4fdd86e8363d0afaafce9c9a45fe2e1fcfcae264a67">''[[:d:Q1531570|Global Biodiversity Information Facility]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26ee57c4cbf5b5dbc46cd1e5a0a3bbd402e9076aadcb65b5785fff89ccad5ac6">''[[:d:Q11959214|Species Nomenclature Database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110584931|Q110584931]]
| [[Phanerochaetales]]
| Phanerochaetales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110621139|Q110621139]]
| [[Terrimicrobiales]]
| Terrimicrobiales
| [[Terrimicrobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110657071|Q110657071]]
| [[Ironida]]
| Ironida
| [[Enoplica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110749324|Q110749324]]
| [[Trueperales]]
| Trueperales
| [[Deinococci]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110788345|Q110788345]]
| [[Aulographales]]
| Aulographales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110969915|Q110969915]]
| [[Trochiliscales]]
| Trochiliscales
| [[Charophyceae]]<ref name="ref_ff4287d2b684447b988dc170c7ca062d5ba1a84425bf769a210a2c4e4ad32e8f">''[[:d:Q2835653|AlgaeBase]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110992552|Q110992552]]
| [[Alaimida]]
| Alaimida<ref name="ref_70f1c4793b5bdb19703e919e5840b91bf25d5b1a23984171db261a8de2a48431">https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Alaimida</ref>
| [[Enoplica]]<ref name="ref_70f1c4793b5bdb19703e919e5840b91bf25d5b1a23984171db261a8de2a48431">https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Alaimida</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111033054|Q111033054]]
| [[Basibranchia]]
| Basibranchia
| [[Pogonophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111043433|Q111043433]]
| [[Coniosporiales]]
| Coniosporiales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111090250|Q111090250]]
| [[Vendotaeniales]]
| Vendotaeniales
| [[Vendophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111165584|Q111165584]]
| [[Geobacterales]]
| Geobacterales
| [[Desulfuromonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111168899|Q111168899]]
| [[Bacteriovoracales]]
| Bacteriovoracales
| [[Oligoflexia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111169589|Q111169589]]
| [[Syntrophales]]
| Syntrophales
| [[Syntrophia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111207304|Q111207304]]
| [[Apoikiales]]
| Apoikiales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111208050|Q111208050]]
| [[Chrysosaccales]]
| Chrysosaccales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111210858|Q111210858]]
| [[Olisthodiscales]]
| Olisthodiscales
| [[Olisthodiscophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111210950|Q111210950]]
| [[Paraphysomonadales]]
| Paraphysomonadales
| [[Chrysophyceae]]
| [[File:Paraphysomonas butcheri whole mount.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111263173|Q111263173]]
| [[Phaeosacciales]]
| Phaeosacciales
| [[Phaeosacciophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111417204|Q111417204]]
| [[Esthonioporata]]
| Esthonioporata
| [[Stenolaemata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111578728|Q111578728]]
| [[Hubrechtiiformes]]
| Hubrechtiiformes
| [[Pilidiophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111697002|Q111697002]]
| [[Watanabeales]]
| Watanabeales
| [[Trebouxiophyceae]]
| [[File:Sommer et al 2020 Watanabea sp. NN-1-1-E n.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111721085|Q111721085]]
| [[Campylopterodea]]
| Campylopterodea
| [[Neodonatoptera]]<br/>[[Odonatoclada]]<ref name="ref_8230028630b8eb0936c830f674dcb646f6069ce02b9baa345dcc2a8665c5d3f6">https://bechly.lima-city.de/system.htm</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111803447|Q111803447]]
| [[Vaginulinida]]
| Vaginulinida
| [[Nodosariata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112252965|Q112252965]]
| [[Hericiales]]
| Hericiales
| [[Basidiomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112426913|Q112426913]]
| [[Cyrtocerinida]]
| Cyrtocerinida
| [[Multiceratoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112567388|Q112567388]]
| [[Bisonocerida]]
| Bisonocerida
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112611217|Q112611217]]
| [[Nodosariida]]
| Nodosariida
| [[Nodosariana]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112625204|Q112625204]]
| [[Arcanodiscales]]
| Arcanodiscales
| [[Melosirophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112633495|Q112633495]]
| [[Plagiogrammales]]
| Plagiogrammales
| [[Urneidophycidae]]
| [[File:Plagiogramma in A. Pritchard 1861.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112633661|Q112633661]]
| [[Cocconeidales]]
| Cocconeidales
| [[Bacillariophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113661624|Q113661624]]
| [[Oscillospirales]]
| Oscillospirales
| [[Clostridia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113833750|Q113833750]]
| [[Bilinguales]]
| Bilinguales
| [[Biddulphiophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113833912|Q113833912]]
| [[Briggerales]]
| Briggerales
| [[Biddulphiophycidae]]
| [[File:Dicladiopsis in Engler & Prantl 1900.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113835306|Q113835306]]
| [[Echinolampadacea]]
| Echinolampadacea
| [[Luminacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113840465|Q113840465]]
| [[Probosciales]]
| Probosciales
| [[Mediophyceae]]
| [[File:Rhizosolenia alata Brightw., 1858 in Engler & Prantl 1900.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113841045|Q113841045]]
| [[Stephanodiscales]]
| Stephanodiscales
| [[Thalassiosirophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113940369|Q113940369]]
| [[Amphioxi]]
| Amphioxi
| [[Leptocardii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113961658|Q113961658]]
| [[Uniciliatida]]
| Uniciliatida
| [[Nanomonadea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114315358|Q114315358]]
| [[Punciocopida]]
| Punciocopida
| [[Ostracoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114680935|Q114680935]]
| [[Urophlyctales]]
| Urophlyctales
| [[Blastocladiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114728382|Q114728382]]
| [[Thraustochytrida]]
| Thraustochytrida
| [[Labyrinthulomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115115203|Q115115203]]
| [[Distichiales]]
| Distichiales
| [[Dicranidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115120497|Q115120497]]
| [[Placidida]]
| Placidida
| [[Placididea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115138941|Q115138941]]
| [[Hyphomicrobiales]]
| Hyphomicrobiales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122817572|Q122817572]]
| [[Coleofasciculales]]
| Coleofasciculales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122818818|Q122818818]]
| [[Receptaculitales]]
| Receptaculitales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Estonian Museum of Natural History Specimen No 171759 photo (g1 g1-477 jpg).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122831327|Q122831327]]
| [[Desertifilales]]
| Desertifilales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122832363|Q122832363]]
| [[Geitlerinematales]]
| Geitlerinematales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122840457|Q122840457]]
| [[Rhabdiasida]]
| Rhabdiasida
| [[Chromadorea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122840460|Q122840460]]
| [[Onchidiida]]
| Onchidiida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
| [[Systellommatophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122842224|Q122842224]]
| [[Gomontiellales]]
| Gomontiellales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122963983|Q122963983]]
| [[Amphiporida]]
| Amphiporida
| [[Stromatoporoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122966411|Q122966411]]
| [[Disasteroida]]
| Disasteroida
| [[Echinoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123136078|Q123136078]]
| [[Leptolyngbyales]]
| Leptolyngbyales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123137952|Q123137952]]
| [[Eoholyniales]]
| Eoholyniales
| [[Vendophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123138164|Q123138164]]
| [[Archyfasmales]]
| Archyfasmales
| [[Vendophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123165236|Q123165236]]
| [[Nodosilineales]]
| Nodosilineales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123172725|Q123172725]]
| [[Oculatellales]]
| Oculatellales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123172962|Q123172962]]
| [[Pelonematales]]
| Pelonematales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123222511|Q123222511]]
| [[Jatrophihabitantales]]
| Jatrophihabitantales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123222544|Q123222544]]
| [[Motilibacterales]]
| Motilibacterales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123239891|Q123239891]]
| [[Atribacterales]]
| Atribacterales
| [[Atribacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123282258|Q123282258]]
| [[Sykidiales]]
| Sykidiales
| [[Ulvophyceae]]
| [[File:Sykidion droebakense in Wille 1901.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123343617|Q123343617]]
| [[Thermosediminibacterales]]
| Thermosediminibacterales<ref name="ref_283fbe43c40820805d5c78a601700cdaec6b7e8ff38246bafd965deff3f3a333">''[[:d:Q84963869|Description of Biomaibacter acetigenes gen. nov., sp. nov., and proposal of Thermosediminibacterales ord. nov. containing two novel families of Tepidanaerobacteraceae fam. nov. and Thermosediminibacteraceae fam. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123359009|Q123359009]]
| [[Mycoplasmoidales]]
| Mycoplasmoidales
| [[Mollicutes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123359098|Q123359098]]
| [[Panxianichthyiformes]]
| Panxianichthyiformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123381994|Q123381994]]
| [[Mariplanellida]]
| Mariplanellida
| [[Rhabditophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123425625|Q123425625]]
| [[Stereolasmatina]]
| Stereolasmatina
| [[Rugosa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123437089|Q123437089]]
| [[Calditrichales]]
| Calditrichales
| [[Calditrichia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123438828|Q123438828]]
| [[Sporobolomycetales]]
| Sporobolomycetales
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123439032|Q123439032]]
| [[Nidulariales]]
| Nidulariales
| [[gasteroid fungi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123439477|Q123439477]]
| [[Tichowtungiales]]
| Tichowtungiales<ref name="ref_7658d030456746642a731b04d417dab3456ce1d7f745f1091695beec6e889c19">''[[:d:Q98388076|Tichowtungia aerotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of the phylum Kiritimatiellaeota and proposal of Tichowtungiaceae fam. nov., Tichowtungiales ord. nov. and Tichowtungiia class. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Tichowtungiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123469055|Q123469055]]
| [[Kitasatosporales]]
| Kitasatosporales
| [[Actinomycetes]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Streptomyces sp 01.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123470265|Q123470265]]
| [[Thermotomaculales]]
| Thermotomaculales
| [[Holophagae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123470748|Q123470748]]
| [[Ecerinales]]
| Ecerinales
| [[Trichomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123478613|Q123478613]]
| [[Bryobacterales]]
| Bryobacterales
| [[Terriglobia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123517389|Q123517389]]
| [[Discotrichida]]
| Discotrichida<ref name="ref_e0191ad41a1edf5ccf6a402340be7358a30246ca84513bcc4d8462bbdfdad5d8">''[[:d:Q35115482|Phylogeny of the poorly known ciliates, microthoracida, a systematically confused taxon (ciliophora), with morphological reports of three species]]''</ref>
| [[Nassophorea]]<ref name="ref_e0191ad41a1edf5ccf6a402340be7358a30246ca84513bcc4d8462bbdfdad5d8">''[[:d:Q35115482|Phylogeny of the poorly known ciliates, microthoracida, a systematically confused taxon (ciliophora), with morphological reports of three species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123518036|Q123518036]]
| [[Muranotrichida]]
| Muranotrichida<ref name="ref_b0abbd385dec5e6abacb3ba4a75e45a9ac086772ec47027bdb56c1c68eb3f224">''[[:d:Q93208141|Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis]]''</ref>
| [[Muranotrichea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123523632|Q123523632]]
| [[Thermodesulfovibrionales]]
| Thermodesulfovibrionales
| [[Thermodesulfovibrionia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123524214|Q123524214]]
| [[Brocadiales]]
| Brocadiales
| [[Brocadiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123537708|Q123537708]]
| [[Isosphaerales]]
| Isosphaerales
| [[Planctomycetia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123590018|Q123590018]]
| [[Terriglobales]]
| Terriglobales
| [[Terriglobia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Acidobacterium.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123592781|Q123592781]]
| [[Thermoanaerobaculales]]
| Thermoanaerobaculales
| [[Thermoanaerobaculia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123593217|Q123593217]]
| [[Vicinamibacterales]]
| Vicinamibacterales
| [[Vicinamibacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123688177|Q123688177]]
| [[Limisphaerales]]
| Limisphaerales<ref name="ref_834f9e97e5ddab2381d095c01c39d466ed0d416842b192b1f9fdef717eb324a6">''[[:d:Q120668617|Fontisphaera persica gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic hydrolytic bacterium from a hot spring of Baikal lake region, and proposal of Fontisphaeraceae fam. nov., and Limisphaeraceae fam. nov. within the Limisphaerales ord. nov. (Verrucomicrobiota)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_1045e61e26dec7c9940fe5454609d797064681d0abc53aa65203f829d34d9ac2">''[[:d:Q130298647|Validation List no. 213. Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref>
| [[Verrucomicrobiota]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123932840|Q123932840]]
| [[Nanobdellales]]
| Nanobdellales<ref name="ref_abcb85a3fa14fffdbb2f8e6959709c12adea60c90e14ab4ef2c1195526ee3529">''[[:d:Q116817108|Nanobdella aerobiophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoacidophilic, obligate ectosymbiotic archaeon, and proposal of Nanobdellaceae fam. nov., Nanobdellales ord. nov. and Nanobdellia class. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Nanobdellia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124023211|Q124023211]]
| [[Neoacanthocephala]]
| Neoacanthocephala
| [[Eoacanthocephala]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124047958|Q124047958]]
| [[Habeliida]]
| Habeliida<ref name="ref_3c6cc495c7bfac179e6f2ed2f0a32e30b8747f5126ee8bd6ba0b71b7c362bc92">''[[:d:Q47133622|Mandibulate convergence in an armoured Cambrian stem chelicerate]]''</ref>
| [[Chelicerata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124326217|Q124326217]]
| [[Miltoncostaeales]]
| Miltoncostaeales
| [[Thermoleophilia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124359266|Q124359266]]
| [[saurischia]]
| saurischia
| [[dinosauria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124380515|Q124380515]]
| [[Microcaldales]]
| Microcaldales
| [[Microcaldia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124393703|Q124393703]]
| [[ornithischia]]
| Ornithischia
| [[Dinosauria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124478344|Q124478344]]
| [[Salsipaludibacterales]]
| Salsipaludibacterales<ref name="ref_2fb8fe329035d3e80ca4c861f5ddd9238813295eb6c0028ff26ecbe37afce904">''[[:d:Q110951390|Salsipaludibacter albus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterial strain isolate from a Portuguese solar saltern and proposal of Salsipaludibacteraceae fam. nov. and Salsipaludibacterales ord. nov.]]''</ref>
| [[Nitriliruptoria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124545741|Q124545741]]
| [[Cardiopteridales]]
| Cardiopteridales
| [[Magnoliopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124588115|Q124588115]]
| [[Anaerosomatales]]
| Anaerosomatales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124660536|Q124660536]]
| [[Beggiatoales]]
| Beggiatoales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
| [[File:Sulphide bacteria crop.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124714645|Q124714645]]
| [[Thermosulfidibacterales]]
| Thermosulfidibacterales
| [[Aquificia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124751870|Q124751870]]
| [[Colpodellales]]
| Colpodellales
| [[Colpodellophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125360905|Q125360905]]
| [[Franziozymales]]
| Franziozymales
| [[Basidiomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125360919|Q125360919]]
| [[Sistotremastrales]]
| Sistotremastrales
| [[Agaricomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125685000|Q125685000]]
| [[Polyplacotomea]]
| Polyplacotomea
| [[Polyplacotomia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125685086|Q125685086]]
| [[Trichoplacea]]
| Trichoplacea
| [[Uniplacotomia]]
| [[File:Trichoplax mic.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125937853|Q125937853]]
| [[Orthogonidectes]]
| Orthogonidectes
| [[Occlupanida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126200321|Q126200321]]
| [[Vetulicolata]]
| Vetulicolata
| [[Vetulicolida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126200492|Q126200492]]
| [[Banffiata]]
| Banffiata
| [[Banffozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126476679|Q126476679]]
| [[Isospondyli]]
| Isospondyli
| [[Teleostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126489608|Q126489608]]
| [[Adiutricales]]
| Adiutricales
| [[Desulfarculia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126490606|Q126490606]]
| [[Candidatus Comchoanobacterales]]
| Candidatus Comchoanobacterales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126490615|Q126490615]]
| [[Candidatus Babeliales]]
| Candidatus Babeliales
| [[Candidatus Babeliae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126544223|Q126544223]]
| [[Alphadontia]]
| Alphadontia
| [[Marsupialiformes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126546367|Q126546367]]
| [[Peradectia]]
| Peradectia
| [[Metatheria]]<br/>[[Marsupialiformes]]
| [[File:Peradectes sp 1.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126687096|Q126687096]]
| [[Procreodi]]
| Procreodi
| [[Placentarios]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126920760|Q126920760]]
| [[Yixianornithiformes]]
| Yixianornithiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126920807|Q126920807]]
| [[Sinornithiformes]]
| Sinornithiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126920809|Q126920809]]
| [[Chaoyangiformes]]
| Chaoyangiformes
| [[ave]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127225076|Q127225076]]
| [[Cecomorphae]]
| Cecomorphae
| [[Euornithes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127278053|Q127278053]]
| [[Panameriungulata]]
| Panameriungulata
| [[Panperissodactyla]]
| [[File:Didolodusfinal.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127433091|Q127433091]]
| [[Candidatus Termititenacales]]
| Candidatus Termititenacales<ref name="ref_c7c0bafd02da86cb6d290b3e908ecef39488f36da285b225331d7e19f51a2b39">''[[:d:Q57027668|Genome analyses of uncultured TG2/ZB3 bacteria in 'Margulisbacteria' specifically attached to ectosymbiotic spirochetes of protists in the termite gut]]''</ref>
| [[Candidatus Termititenacia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127687022|Q127687022]]
| [[Nebulidida]]
| Nebulidida
| [[Nebulidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128147965|Q128147965]]
| [[Spiromastixales]]
| Spiromastixales<ref name="ref_62c44d7d7909c400e17f44535400bfc3ee8d6a974965fff4ae5dab6cd07b8aca">''[[:d:Q30775768|Isolation and characterisation of the fungus Spiromastix asexualis sp. nov. from discospondylitis in a German Shepherd dog, and review of Spiromastix with the proposal of the new order Spiromastixales (Ascomycota).]]''</ref>
| [[Ascomycota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128214849|Q128214849]]
| [[Trivalvulariida]]
| Trivalvulariida<ref name="ref_361de9d672b2f11a7b97947e37a5f91001fdf76d3180fb70d1f3c017402b33a3">''[[:d:Q92750022|SSU rDNA Phylogeny Indicates the Scale-lacking Trivalvulariida ord. nov. as a Sister Group to the Euglyphida (Cercozoa, Rhizaria)]]''</ref>
| [[Cercozoa]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128242777|Q128242777]]
| [[Orodaria]]
| Orodaria<ref name="ref_2c9bc4eaaebdd2926118db2fab62c177273e375c919ff9d0e07f2ca0922cb172">''[[:d:Q110668597|Ecology, Morphology, Phylogeny and Taxonomic Revision of Giant Radiolarians, Orodaria ord. nov. (Radiolaria; Rhizaria; SAR)]]''</ref>
| [[Radiolaria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128246219|Q128246219]]
| [[Obscuribacterales]]
| Obscuribacterales
| [[Vampirovibrionophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128246315|Q128246315]]
| [[Tenderiales]]
| Tenderiales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128246372|Q128246372]]
| [[Kapaibacteriales]]
| Kapaibacteriales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128247272|Q128247272]]
| [[Cloacimonadales]]
| Cloacimonadales
| [[Cloacimonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128247424|Q128247424]]
| [[Saccharimonadales]]
| Saccharimonadales
| [[Saccharimonadia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128247663|Q128247663]]
| [[Bathyarchaeales]]
| Bathyarchaeales
| [[Bathyarchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128247826|Q128247826]]
| [[Panguiarchaeales]]
| Panguiarchaeales
| [[Korarchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128248205|Q128248205]]
| [[Kryptoniales]]
| Kryptoniales
| [[Kryptoniia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128248638|Q128248638]]
| [[Muiribacteriales]]
| Muiribacteriales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128248992|Q128248992]]
| [[Palauibacterales]]
| Palauibacterales
| [[Gemmatimonadetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128249297|Q128249297]]
| [[Elulimicrobiales]]
| Elulimicrobiales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128249304|Q128249304]]
| [[Thermobaculales]]
| Thermobaculales
| [[Chloroflexia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128249415|Q128249415]]
| [[Ammonificales]]
| Ammonificales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128263668|Q128263668]]
| [[Cavernulicolales]]
| Cavernulicolales<ref name="ref_3aeb5d457fa31fd0b12d571b30a71d60b71351915ea42573f6ff35bb88619df1">''[[:d:Q119500298|Revised classification of the Cyanidiophyceae based on plastid genome data with descriptions of the Cavernulicolales ord. nov. and Galdieriales ord. nov. (Rhodophyta)]]''</ref>
| [[Cyanidiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128263670|Q128263670]]
| [[Corallinapetrales]]
| Corallinapetrales<ref name="ref_6a37a27a0fb16274528d60d926ae94e83376d81792c013e5db2c5aed2b2fe305">''[[:d:Q104284064|Corallinapetrales and Corallinapetraceae: A new order and family of coralline red algae including Corallinapetra gabrielii comb. nov]]''</ref>
| [[Corallinophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128263694|Q128263694]]
| [[Galdieriales]]
| Galdieriales<ref name="ref_3aeb5d457fa31fd0b12d571b30a71d60b71351915ea42573f6ff35bb88619df1">''[[:d:Q119500298|Revised classification of the Cyanidiophyceae based on plastid genome data with descriptions of the Cavernulicolales ord. nov. and Galdieriales ord. nov. (Rhodophyta)]]''</ref>
| [[Cyanidiophyceae]]
| [[File:41467 2023 40657 Fig1d.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128504401|Q128504401]]
| [[Hadarchaeales]]
| Hadarchaeales
| [[Hadarchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128504526|Q128504526]]
| [[Hydrothermarchaeales]]
| Hydrothermarchaeales
| [[Hydrothermarchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128504546|Q128504546]]
| [[Johnevansiales]]
| Johnevansiales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128506145|Q128506145]]
| [[Caldarchaeales]]
| Caldarchaeales
| [[Nitrososphaeria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128587084|Q128587084]]
| [[Costitxiales]]
| Costitxiales
| [[Costitxiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128598590|Q128598590]]
| [[Methylomirabilales]]
| Methylomirabilales
| [[Methylomirabilia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115198386|Q115198386]]
| [[Neopilinida]]
| Neopilinida
| [[Monoplacophora]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115243179|Q115243179]]
| [[Synaptida]]
| Synaptida<ref name="ref_00af72671938f120790cf7681f89388de951e797520d24ea107b6576a8085d96">''[[:d:Q104465342|First record of genus Paradota Ludwig & Heding in New Zealand waters and description of a new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_fb22830d9beb22e179fac4bb924bfc98bf12b977f45b7533bbaf1dff3c266e71">''[[:d:Q56035103|New apodid species from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb1f58b891e5a3da2a5c5a4fde12304f4d8bd3c03971240573721618e8bc4f85">''[[:d:Q29455459|New taeniogyrinid species of sea cucumber from the Weddell Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ab8f5befdaba470dc39d4533fe267f18bc989c07b552ff91a2be0115ebde20e5">''[[:d:Q29455457|New Prototrochus species of sea cucumber from Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida: Myriotrochidae)]]''</ref>
| [[Holothuroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115967394|Q115967394]]
| [[Malacalcyonacea]]
| Malacalcyonacea
| [[Octocorallia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116136254|Q116136254]]
| [[Crassvirales]]
| Crassvirales<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116136255|Q116136255]]
| [[Kirjokansivirales]]
| Kirjokansivirales<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116136259|Q116136259]]
| [[Methanobavirales]]
| Methanobavirales<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116136260|Q116136260]]
| [[Thumleimavirales]]
| Thumleimavirales<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116136275|Q116136275]]
| [[Rivendellvirales]]
| Rivendellvirales<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Arfiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116136277|Q116136277]]
| [[Rohanvirales]]
| Rohanvirales<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Arfiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116136292|Q116136292]]
| [[Yadokarivirales]]
| Yadokarivirales<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Pisuviricota]]<ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116237046|Q116237046]]
| [[Seligerales]]
| Seligerales<ref name="ref_a5cb691fd2a2b68bd3f1f4fdd86e8363d0afaafce9c9a45fe2e1fcfcae264a67">''[[:d:Q1531570|Global Biodiversity Information Facility]]''</ref>
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116237549|Q116237549]]
| [[Chlorarachniales]]
| Chlorarachniales<ref name="ref_012eba0dbe37c7aa40587f8eabee8d9593a81bb50a0f2eb0ad19456c16f84c79">''[[:d:Q16958215|iNaturalist]]''</ref>
| [[Chlorarachnea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116697921|Q116697921]]
| [[Thiomicrospirales]]
| Thiomicrospirales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116698041|Q116698041]]
| [[Eubacteriales]]
| Eubacteriales
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116761631|Q116761631]]
| [[Kyphosichthyiformes]]
| Kyphosichthyiformes
| [[Ginglymodi]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116770921|Q116770921]]
| [[Mixosiphonata]]
| Mixosiphonata<ref name="ref_12eb2ee189f9a1ea97982bb3c98181c898d96bb7cfc0ca3e9b521e1a367c54ed">''[[:d:Q57277043|The new order Mixosiphonata (Cephalopoda: Nautiloidea) and related taxa; estimations of habitat depth based on shell structure]]''</ref>
| [[Nautiloid]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116788191|Q116788191]]
| [[Ankylophoriformes]]
| Ankylophoriformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116788199|Q116788199]]
| [[Majokiiformes]]
| Majokiiformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117072355|Q117072355]]
| [[Emcibacterales]]
| Emcibacterales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117073949|Q117073949]]
| [[Vegaviiformes]]
| Vegaviiformes
| [[Galloanserae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117075974|Q117075974]]
| [[Saurischipedida]]
| Saurischipedida
| [[Dinosauripedidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117076089|Q117076089]]
| [[Dorsetichthyiformes]]
| Dorsetichthyiformes
| [[Teleostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117204802|Q117204802]]
| [[Brachydiniales]]
| Brachydiniales
| [[Dinophyceae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117204886|Q117204886]]
| [[Chloromonadales]]
| Chloromonadales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117204893|Q117204893]]
| [[Chordariales]]
| Chordariales
| [[Phaeophyceae]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117527140|Q117527140]]
| [[Hoilungea]]
| Hoilungea
| [[Uniplacotomia]]
| [[File:Hoilungia hongkongensis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117527221|Q117527221]]
| [[Cladhexea]]
| Cladhexea
| [[Uniplacotomia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117528917|Q117528917]]
| [[Moroniformes]]
| Moroniformes
| [[Percomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117853288|Q117853288]]
| [[Isoxyida]]
| Isoxyida
| [[arthropodo]]
| [[File:Isoxys acutangulus 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118114363|Q118114363]]
| [[Unipolarina]]
| Unipolarina
| [[Myxosporea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118114364|Q118114364]]
| [[Helicosporida]]
| Helicosporida
| [[Myxosporea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118114365|Q118114365]]
| [[Actinomyxida]]
| Actinomyxida
| [[Myxosporea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118114367|Q118114367]]
| [[Paleonemertea]]
| Paleonemertea
| [[Anopla]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118115739|Q118115739]]
| [[Apodadrilida]]
| Apodadrilida
| [[Clitellata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118433948|Q118433948]]
| [[Maximonvirales]]
| Maximonvirales<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tokiviricetes]]<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118433949|Q118433949]]
| [[Juravirales]]
| Juravirales<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118433950|Q118433950]]
| [[Magrovirales]]
| Magrovirales<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118433951|Q118433951]]
| [[Nakonvirales]]
| Nakonvirales<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Caudoviricetes]]<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118433955|Q118433955]]
| [[Atroposvirales]]
| Atroposvirales<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tectiliviricetes]]<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118433957|Q118433957]]
| [[Coyopavirales]]
| Coyopavirales<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Tectiliviricetes]]<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118482741|Q118482741]]
| [[Lautamovirales]]
| Lautamovirales<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
| [[Ainoaviricetes]]<ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119137366|Q119137366]]
| [[Catenomycetales]]
| Catenomycetales
| [[Blastocladiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119137445|Q119137445]]
| [[Kryptastrinales]]
| Kryptastrinales
| [[Cystobasidiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119137468|Q119137468]]
| [[Rozellales]]
| Rozellales
| [[Rozellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119138305|Q119138305]]
| [[Khangailitida]]
| Khangailitida
| [[Heliolitoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119138355|Q119138355]]
| [[Ullmanniales]]
| Ullmanniales
| [[Voltziopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119138389|Q119138389]]
| [[Coccoseridida]]
| Coccoseridida
| [[Heliolitoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119138550|Q119138550]]
| [[Cancellidiales]]
| Cancellidiales
| [[Hypocreomycetidae]]
| [[File:Cancellidium applanatum 1690701.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119138761|Q119138761]]
| [[Zygnemomycetales]]
| Zygnemomycetales
| [[Kickxellomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119138777|Q119138777]]
| [[Curvibasidiales]]
| Curvibasidiales
| [[Microbotryomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119139000|Q119139000]]
| [[Zygochytriales]]
| Zygochytriales
| [[Chytridiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119139131|Q119139131]]
| [[Plasmoporida]]
| Plasmoporida
| [[Heliolitoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119139653|Q119139653]]
| [[Batistiales]]
| Batistiales
| [[Sordariomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119139745|Q119139745]]
| [[Zoophagales]]
| Zoophagales
| [[Zoopagomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119140343|Q119140343]]
| [[Pteriida]]
| Pteriida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119140371|Q119140371]]
| [[Vojnovskyales]]
| Vojnovskyales
| [[Vojnovskyopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119140500|Q119140500]]
| [[Urnatopteridales]]
| Urnatopteridales
| [[Urnatopteridopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119140659|Q119140659]]
| [[Odontotrematales]]
| Odontotrematales
| [[Ostropomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119140862|Q119140862]]
| [[Walchiales]]
| Walchiales
| [[Voltziopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119171108|Q119171108]]
| [[Trichopityales]]
| Trichopityales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119443069|Q119443069]]
| [[Acreodi]]
| Acreodi
| [[Scrotifera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119450983|Q119450983]]
| [[Chionasterales]]
| Chionasterales
| [[Agaricomycotina]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119785994|Q119785994]]
| [[Commatiales]]
| Commatiales
| [[Actinophryophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119788620|Q119788620]]
| [[Bipolarina]]
| Bipolarina
| [[Myxosporea]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119788786|Q119788786]]
| [[Collembola]]
| Collembola
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119806346|Q119806346]]
| [[Spironematellales]]
| Spironematellales
| [[Spironematellophyceae]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119807098|Q119807098]]
| [[Leclercqiales]]
| Leclercqiales
| [[Leclercqiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119808841|Q119808841]]
| [[Rictales]]
| Rictales
| [[Rictophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119819964|Q119819964]]
| [[Baragwanathiales]]
| Baragwanathiales
| [[Asteroxylidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119822571|Q119822571]]
| [[Diplosonematales]]
| Diplosonematales
| [[Diplosonematophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119982998|Q119982998]]
| [[Oxytrichida]]
| Oxytrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Hypotrichea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120083798|Q120083798]]
| [[Spathidiida]]
| Spathidiida<ref name="ref_50c212ffb02415049fe476017fe10b81b0115a3a4ed31e333d3eeed1a9a73428">''[[:d:Q104048872|The Fine Structure of Fuscheria terricola Berger et al., 1983 and a Proposed New Classification of the Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974 (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Gymnostomatea]]<br/>[[Haptoria]]<ref name="ref_50c212ffb02415049fe476017fe10b81b0115a3a4ed31e333d3eeed1a9a73428">''[[:d:Q104048872|The Fine Structure of Fuscheria terricola Berger et al., 1983 and a Proposed New Classification of the Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974 (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120278768|Q120278768]]
| [[Aspidoneuridae]]
| Aspidoneuridae
| [[Caloneurodea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120378651|Q120378651]]
| [[Cyclotrichida]]
| Cyclotrichida<ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Gymnostomatea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121031709|Q121031709]]
| [[Macropodiniida]]
| Macropodiniida
| [[Trichostomatia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121031776|Q121031776]]
| [[Colpodidiida]]
| Colpodidiida<ref name="ref_03b6cb84856e1b3ee0e98613f42f046cae1bcbfd23b0766651198519b0048093">''[[:d:Q121360532|Soil Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Namibia (Southwest Africa), with Emphasis on two Contrasting Environments, the Etosha Region and the Namib Desert.]]''</ref>
| [[Nassophorea]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref><ref name="ref_03b6cb84856e1b3ee0e98613f42f046cae1bcbfd23b0766651198519b0048093">''[[:d:Q121360532|Soil Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Namibia (Southwest Africa), with Emphasis on two Contrasting Environments, the Etosha Region and the Namib Desert.]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121031786|Q121031786]]
| [[Urocentrida]]
| Urocentrida
| [[Peniculia]]<ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121077953|Q121077953]]
| [[Ancylistales]]
| Ancylistales
| [[Entomophthoromycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121215451|Q121215451]]
| [[Parablepharismida]]
| Parablepharismida<ref name="ref_b0abbd385dec5e6abacb3ba4a75e45a9ac086772ec47027bdb56c1c68eb3f224">''[[:d:Q93208141|Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis]]''</ref>
| [[Parablepharismea]]<ref name="ref_b0abbd385dec5e6abacb3ba4a75e45a9ac086772ec47027bdb56c1c68eb3f224">''[[:d:Q93208141|Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121239859|Q121239859]]
| [[Scleralcyonacea]]
| Scleralcyonacea
| [[Octocorallia]]
| [[File:Corallium rubrum (Linnaeus, 1758) 6.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121501919|Q121501919]]
| [[Metopida]]
| Metopida
| [[Armophorea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121505224|Q121505224]]
| [[Pseudoholophryida]]
| Pseudoholophryida<ref name="ref_50c212ffb02415049fe476017fe10b81b0115a3a4ed31e333d3eeed1a9a73428">''[[:d:Q104048872|The Fine Structure of Fuscheria terricola Berger et al., 1983 and a Proposed New Classification of the Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974 (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_eaf476f356c0800c6da244744f2d14925dc2c244e77891e44404f2759d1231e6">''[[:d:Q121096588|The World Ciliate Catalog]]''</ref>
| [[Haptoria]]<ref name="ref_50c212ffb02415049fe476017fe10b81b0115a3a4ed31e333d3eeed1a9a73428">''[[:d:Q104048872|The Fine Structure of Fuscheria terricola Berger et al., 1983 and a Proposed New Classification of the Subclass Haptoria Corliss, 1974 (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121887886|Q121887886]]
| [[Unionida]]
| Unionida
| [[Palaeoheterodonta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121887890|Q121887890]]
| [[Limida]]
| Limida
| [[Pteriomorphia]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
| [[File:File Shell - Limaria Fragilis.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121887896|Q121887896]]
| [[Manzanellida]]
| Manzanellida
| [[Protobranchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121887905|Q121887905]]
| [[Nacellida]]
| Nacellida
| [[Patellogastropoda]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121887906|Q121887906]]
| [[Patellida]]
| Patellida
| [[Patellogastropoda]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121913661|Q121913661]]
| [[Gnathophiurida]]
| Gnathophiurida<ref name="ref_a077257c597e33dddebdb0857a145de5cb762b8682eb2e745884762bc0cece9c">''[[:d:Q59329990|A new classification of the Ophiuroidea: with descriptions of new genera and species]]''</ref>
| [[Ophiuroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121933710|Q121933710]]
| [[Chilophiurida]]
| Chilophiurida<ref name="ref_a077257c597e33dddebdb0857a145de5cb762b8682eb2e745884762bc0cece9c">''[[:d:Q59329990|A new classification of the Ophiuroidea: with descriptions of new genera and species]]''</ref>
| [[Ophiuroidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122171876|Q122171876]]
| [[Bruta]]
| Bruta<ref name="ref_5bdbf8eee19b105ff04d66d13ee4f654eec1e2e0dd7692808ebb15629415fb16">''[[:d:Q21608408|Systema Naturae. 10th edition, Volume 1]]''</ref>
| [[Mammiferos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122180166|Q122180166]]
| [[Pecora]]
| Pecora<ref name="ref_5bdbf8eee19b105ff04d66d13ee4f654eec1e2e0dd7692808ebb15629415fb16">''[[:d:Q21608408|Systema Naturae. 10th edition, Volume 1]]''</ref>
| [[Mammiferos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122180423|Q122180423]]
| [[Belluae]]
| Belluae<ref name="ref_5bdbf8eee19b105ff04d66d13ee4f654eec1e2e0dd7692808ebb15629415fb16">''[[:d:Q21608408|Systema Naturae. 10th edition, Volume 1]]''</ref>
| [[Mammiferos]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122180628|Q122180628]]
| [[Cete]]
| Cete<ref name="ref_5bdbf8eee19b105ff04d66d13ee4f654eec1e2e0dd7692808ebb15629415fb16">''[[:d:Q21608408|Systema Naturae. 10th edition, Volume 1]]''</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122252506|Q122252506]]
| [[Decapoda]]
| Decapoda
| [[Eucarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122252507|Q122252507]]
| [[Euphausiacea]]
| Euphausiacea
| [[Eucarida]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122463043|Q122463043]]
| [[Polycladida]]
| Polycladida
| [[Trepaxonemata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122740172|Q122740172]]
| [[Cladosporiales]]
| Cladosporiales
| [[Dothideomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122794925|Q122794925]]
| [[Novakomycetales]]
| Novakomycetales
| [[Novakomycetes]]
| [[File:Ascosporulating culture of Novakomyces olei.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122804018|Q122804018]]
| [[Acaryochloridales]]
| Acaryochloridales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122811582|Q122811582]]
| [[Platyonychae]]
| Platyonychae<ref name="ref_344df28ed524ed898c535d378e0cf305e0c325bbe602254fa1219ac89493943f">https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044103082087&seq=309</ref>
| [[Quadrumanes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128598597|Q128598597]]
| [[Methanotrichales]]
| Methanotrichales
| [[Methanosarcinia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128598615|Q128598615]]
| [[Hydrothermales]]
| Hydrothermales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128598651|Q128598651]]
| [[Binatales]]
| Binatales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128598664|Q128598664]]
| [[Bipolaricaulales]]
| Bipolaricaulales
| [[Bipolaricaulia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128598682|Q128598682]]
| [[Spongiisociales]]
| Spongiisociales
| [[Acidimicrobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128635834|Q128635834]]
| [[Asgardarchaeales]]
| Asgardarchaeales
| [[Asgardarchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128635859|Q128635859]]
| [[Desulfobales]]
| Desulfobales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128636469|Q128636469]]
| [[Porifericomitales]]
| Porifericomitales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128636950|Q128636950]]
| [[Promethearchaeales]]
| Promethearchaeales
| [[Promethearchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128788669|Q128788669]]
| [[Puniceispirillales]]
| Puniceispirillales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128788792|Q128788792]]
| [[Tethybacterales]]
| Tethybacterales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128788799|Q128788799]]
| [[Promineifilales]]
| Promineifilales
| [[Anaerolineae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130278711|Q130278711]]
| [[Anguilluloidea]]
| Anguilluloidea
| [[Secernentea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130287987|Q130287987]]
| [[Pseudodendromonadales]]
| Pseudodendromonadales
| [[Bicosoecophycidae]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130387462|Q130387462]]
| [[Pyrosomida]]
| Pyrosomida
| [[Thaliacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130736463|Q130736463]]
| [[Cyanidioschyzonales]]
| Cyanidioschyzonales
| [[Cyanidiophyceae]]
| [[File:EM image of C. merolae, courtesy of Prof. Ursula Goodenough.png|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131104364|Q131104364]]
| [[Khmeriamorpha]]
| Khmeriamorpha
| [[Ascidiacea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131275944|Q131275944]]
| [[Piciformes sensu stricto]]
| Piciformes
| [[Piciformes]]
| [[File:Barbudo cabecirrojo (Trachyphonus erythrocephalus), parque nacional Serengueti, Tanzania, 2024-05-26, DD 69.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131299950|Q131299950]]
| [[Rhabdoweisiales]]
| Rhabdoweisiales<ref name="ref_79290711380c9af6dd6067ad849d50a0f4e9277392b23c0cdfd7bd9f3fb20635">https://www.bryonames.org/nomenclator?group=Bryophyta</ref>
| [[Dicranidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131300602|Q131300602]]
| [[Eustichiales]]
| Eustichiales
| [[Dicranidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131304463|Q131304463]]
| [[Sorapillales]]
| Sorapillales
| [[Dicranidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131349736|Q131349736]]
| [[Epilineales]]
| Epilineales
| [[Anaerolineae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131349787|Q131349787]]
| [[Tepidiformales]]
| Tepidiformales
| [[Tepidiformia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131349789|Q131349789]]
| [[Dientamoebida]]
| Dientamoebida
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131349816|Q131349816]]
| [[Aggregatilineales]]
| Aggregatilineales
| [[Anaerolineae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131349820|Q131349820]]
| [[Simplicimonadida]]
| Simplicimonadida
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131349851|Q131349851]]
| [[Monocercomonadida]]
| Monocercomonadida
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131349882|Q131349882]]
| [[Methanoliparales]]
| Methanoliparales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131353614|Q131353614]]
| [[Amphidiales]]
| Amphidiales<ref name="ref_888c9f53a3ca1ffce9b4fa9263f12c6c8cbe00a7f8c0c05c553cddfe851b9a89">https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4100003781</ref>
| [[Dicranidae]]<ref name="ref_888c9f53a3ca1ffce9b4fa9263f12c6c8cbe00a7f8c0c05c553cddfe851b9a89">https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4100003781</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131356788|Q131356788]]
| [[Lucifugimonadales]]
| Lucifugimonadales
| [[Dehalococcoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131356811|Q131356811]]
| [[Foliamicales]]
| Foliamicales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131356866|Q131356866]]
| [[Holomastigotoidida]]
| Holomastigotoidida
| [[Spirotrichonymphea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131356889|Q131356889]]
| [[Poseidoniales]]
| Poseidoniales
| [[Poseidoniia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131362499|Q131362499]]
| [[Cononymphida]]
| Cononymphida
| [[Spirotrichonymphea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131371229|Q131371229]]
| [[Caecitellales]]
| Caecitellales
| [[Cyathobodoniae]]
| [[File:Bodo parvulus Griessmann, 1913.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131385989|Q131385989]]
| [[Bruchiales]]
| Bruchiales<ref name="ref_12fba5c9f58ac04954765e2df1aa60ab69f022cd472f8bec90160d209b57c675">https://www.bryonames.org/nomenclator?group=Dicranidae</ref><ref name="ref_29dded843d352bcaf89d1ca8884e382f772818b9fd821f12956253cc5b2f87cd">https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4100003786</ref>
| [[Dicranidae]]<ref name="ref_29dded843d352bcaf89d1ca8884e382f772818b9fd821f12956253cc5b2f87cd">https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4100003786</ref><ref name="ref_12fba5c9f58ac04954765e2df1aa60ab69f022cd472f8bec90160d209b57c675">https://www.bryonames.org/nomenclator?group=Dicranidae</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131386129|Q131386129]]
| [[Erpodiales]]
| Erpodiales
| [[Dicranidae]]<ref name="ref_abec42fa29b284926f70cf926f91fc6795403fc4e599a01f8574dfce3e4eb432">https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4100003787</ref><ref name="ref_12fba5c9f58ac04954765e2df1aa60ab69f022cd472f8bec90160d209b57c675">https://www.bryonames.org/nomenclator?group=Dicranidae</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131390170|Q131390170]]
| [[Eutrophobiales]]
| Eutrophobiales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131390181|Q131390181]]
| [[Australimonadales]]
| Australimonadales
| [[Dehalococcoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131397518|Q131397518]]
| [[Freyarchaeales]]
| Freyarchaeales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131397909|Q131397909]]
| [[Atabeyarchaeales]]
| Atabeyarchaeales
| [[Atabeyarchaeia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131414257|Q131414257]]
| [[Velesiimonadales]]
| Velesiimonadales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131414280|Q131414280]]
| [[Aquiviventales]]
| Aquiviventales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131414288|Q131414288]]
| [[Aeolococcales]]
| Aeolococcales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131414294|Q131414294]]
| [[Fervidibacterales]]
| Fervidibacterales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131418477|Q131418477]]
| [[Aneurales]]
| Aneurales
| [[Jungermanniopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131418504|Q131418504]]
| [[Jubulales]]
| Jubulales
| [[Jungermanniopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131418552|Q131418552]]
| [[Radulales]]
| Radulales
| [[Jungermanniopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131419655|Q131419655]]
| [[Omnitrophales]]
| Omnitrophales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131439378|Q131439378]]
| [[Aquitaenariimonadales]]
| Aquitaenariimonadales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131444655|Q131444655]]
| [[Taenaricolales]]
| Taenaricolales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131444711|Q131444711]]
| [[Pluralincolimonadales]]
| Pluralincolimonadales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131449521|Q131449521]]
| [[Gigantomonadida]]
| Gigantomonadida
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131449563|Q131449563]]
| [[Devescovinida]]
| Devescovinida
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131449570|Q131449570]]
| [[Calonymphida]]
| Calonymphida
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131585420|Q131585420]]
| [[Sysuimicrobiales]]
| Sysuimicrobiales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131688370|Q131688370]]
| [[Hexapterospermales]]
| Hexapterospermales
| [[Lyginopteridopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131688484|Q131688484]]
| [[Moresnetiales]]
| Moresnetiales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131688514|Q131688514]]
| [[Pullarithecales]]
| Pullarithecales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131688515|Q131688515]]
| [[Phasmatocycadales]]
| Phasmatocycadales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131688538|Q131688538]]
| [[Codonospermales]]
| Codonospermales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131698593|Q131698593]]
| [[Hyeniales]]
| Hyeniales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131698683|Q131698683]]
| [[Cladoxylales]]
| Cladoxylales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131704706|Q131704706]]
| [[Calamophytales]]
| Calamophytales
| [[Cladoxylopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131743991|Q131743991]]
| [[Yarraviales]]
| Yarraviales
| [[Rhyniopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131754693|Q131754693]]
| [[Oligocarpiales]]
| Oligocarpiales
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131754700|Q131754700]]
| [[Hydropteridiales]]
| Hydropteridiales
| [[Polypodiopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131822315|Q131822315]]
| [[Parvarchaeales]]
| Parvarchaeales
| [[Parvarchaeota]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131927721|Q131927721]]
| [[Gorgyraeales]]
| Gorgyraeales
| [[Gorgyraia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132124566|Q132124566]]
| [[Apolithabatiformes]]
| Apolithabatiformes
| [[Batomorphii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132133678|Q132133678]]
| [[Disceliales]]
| Disceliales
| [[Bryopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132175493|Q132175493]]
| [[Syntrophorhabdales]]
| Syntrophorhabdales
| [[Syntrophorhabdia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132201566|Q132201566]]
| [[Catoscopiales]]
| Catoscopiales
| [[Bryophyta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132554467|Q132554467]]
| [[Desulfobulbales]]
| Desulfobulbales
| [[Desulfobulbia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132716602|Q132716602]]
| [[Polymorphinida]]
| Polymorphinida
| [[Nodosariana]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132852525|Q132852525]]
| [[Minisyncoccales]]
| Minisyncoccales
| [[Minisyncoccia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132974105|Q132974105]]
| [[Deferrisomatales]]
| Deferrisomatales
| [[Deferrisomatia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132975645|Q132975645]]
| [[Dissulfuribacterales]]
| Dissulfuribacterales
| [[Dissulfuribacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133233685|Q133233685]]
| [[Polyangiales]]
| Polyangiales
| [[Myxococcota]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133265090|Q133265090]]
| [[Azoamicales]]
| Azoamicales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133290958|Q133290958]]
| [[Graniferales]]
| Graniferales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133293199|Q133293199]]
| [[Patescibacteriales]]
| Patescibacteriales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133766344|Q133766344]]
| [[Gygaellales]]
| Gygaellales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133766395|Q133766395]]
| [[Tantalellales]]
| Tantalellales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133766421|Q133766421]]
| [[Zapsychrales]]
| Zapsychrales
| [[Velaminicoccia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133766484|Q133766484]]
| [[Kaelpiales]]
| Kaelpiales
| [[Omnitrophica]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133803834|Q133803834]]
| [[Desulfatiglandales]]
| Desulfatiglandales
| [[Desulfobacteria]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133803918|Q133803918]]
| [[Desulfomonilales]]
| Desulfomonilales
| [[Desulfomonilia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134028819|Q134028819]]
| [[Nibbleridida]]
| Nibbleridida
| [[Nibbleridea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134057165|Q134057165]]
| [[Abditibacteriales]]
| Abditibacteriales
| [[Abditibacteriia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134359057|Q134359057]]
| [[Entrophosporales]]
| Entrophosporales
| [[Glomeromycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134553606|Q134553606]]
| [[Prochlorotrichales]]
| Prochlorotrichales
| [[Cyanophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134624563|Q134624563]]
| [[Corynodactylales]]
| Corynodactylales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134640312|Q134640312]]
| [[Desulfitibacterales]]
| Desulfitibacterales
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134721295|Q134721295]]
| [[Vulcanimicrobiales]]
| Vulcanimicrobiales
| [[Vulcanimicrobiia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134729842|Q134729842]]
| [[Callochitonida]]
| Callochitonida
| [[Neoloricata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134867071|Q134867071]]
| [[Velaminicoccales]]
| Velaminicoccales
| [[Velaminicoccia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134889870|Q134889870]]
| [[Nanopelagicales]]
| Nanopelagicales
| [[Actinomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134959734|Q134959734]]
| [[Methanoflorentales]]
| Methanoflorentales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134987109|Q134987109]]
| [[Glissandrida]]
|
| [[CRuMs]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140577354|Q140577354]]
| [["Candidatus Njordarchaeales" Xie et al. 2022]]
| "Candidatus Njordarchaeales"
| [[Korarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140899015|Q140899015]]
| [[Thraustochytriales]]
| Thraustochytriales<ref name="ref_33629d8533eead1e3b4fa9f3bb9c5dbf92633fb3443c92d34d348c4a0b0d5ecd">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB102149</ref>
| [[Labyrinthulomycota]]<ref name="ref_33629d8533eead1e3b4fa9f3bb9c5dbf92633fb3443c92d34d348c4a0b0d5ecd">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB102149</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140901699|Q140901699]]
| [[Elaphomycetales]]
| Elaphomycetales<ref name="ref_5e6af1656553fa8d112b1ae419b59bbb96bb45ec333b3069ea3cdefa780060aa">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB623368</ref>
| [[Ascomycota]]<ref name="ref_5e6af1656553fa8d112b1ae419b59bbb96bb45ec333b3069ea3cdefa780060aa">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB623368</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140901708|Q140901708]]
| [[Umbelopsidalles]]
| Umbelopsidalles<ref name="ref_bb52c539d6f1866f5155843ab8119de9c0851861844d0c72364ad14311c67aee">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB623481</ref>
| [[Mucoromycota]]<ref name="ref_bb52c539d6f1866f5155843ab8119de9c0851861844d0c72364ad14311c67aee">http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/FichaPublicaTaxonUC/FichaPublicaTaxonUC.do?id=FB623481</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141192743|Q141192743]]
| [[Daastrupimenales]]
| Daastrupimenales
| [[Actinomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141192823|Q141192823]]
| [[Adborkimicrobiales]]
| Adborkimicrobiales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141192880|Q141192880]]
| [[Bryndumiales]]
| Bryndumiales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193098|Q141193098]]
| [[Allerimonadales]]
| Allerimonadales
| [[Spirochaetia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193099|Q141193099]]
| [[Soenderhoales]]
| Soenderhoales
| [[Blastocatellia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193179|Q141193179]]
| [[Starupiplasmatales]]
| Starupiplasmatales
| [[Thermoplasmata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193534|Q141193534]]
| [[Protisticellales]]
| Protisticellales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193540|Q141193540]]
| [[Hornumimonadales]]
| Hornumimonadales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193545|Q141193545]]
| [[Gyllingicolales]]
| Gyllingicolales
| [[Fibrobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193556|Q141193556]]
| [[Norsibacteriales]]
| Norsibacteriales
| [[Ignavibacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193580|Q141193580]]
| [[Ajstrupimorphales]]
| Ajstrupimorphales
| [[Ajstrupimorphia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193686|Q141193686]]
| [[Hemmediabales]]
| Hemmediabales
| [[Actinomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193758|Q141193758]]
| [[Havbromicrobiales]]
| Havbromicrobiales
| [[Kapaibacteriia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193799|Q141193799]]
| [[Pollutaquibacterales]]
| Pollutaquibacterales
| [[Bacteroidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193826|Q141193826]]
| [[Thyboroniellales]]
| Thyboroniellales
| [[Clostridia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193956|Q141193956]]
| [[Guldagerisomatales]]
| Guldagerisomatales
| [[Loejtimicrobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141193971|Q141193971]]
| [[Auningicolales]]
| Auningicolales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194047|Q141194047]]
| [[Janderupisomatales]]
| Janderupisomatales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194156|Q141194156]]
| [[Skageniellales]]
| Skageniellales
| [[Skageniellia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194324|Q141194324]]
| [[Stagstrupianales]]
| Stagstrupianales
| [[Actinomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194325|Q141194325]]
| [[Mandoevitales]]
| Mandoevitales
| [[Binatia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194330|Q141194330]]
| [[Pederskerisomatales]]
| Pederskerisomatales
| [[Pederskerisomatia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194366|Q141194366]]
| [[Skarresoellales]]
| Skarresoellales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194544|Q141194544]]
| [[Viskingesomatales]]
| Viskingesomatales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141194590|Q141194590]]
| [[Borkimonadales]]
| Borkimonadales
| [[Borkimonadia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141195368|Q141195368]]
| [[Vestermariellales]]
| Vestermariellales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141195664|Q141195664]]
| [[Hornumianales]]
| Hornumianales
| [[Hornumiania]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141195920|Q141195920]]
| [[Nebeliviventales]]
| Nebeliviventales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141195937|Q141195937]]
| [[Bdellonasales]]
| Bdellonasales
| [[Bdellonasia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196144|Q141196144]]
| [[Syvimonadales]]
| Syvimonadales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196243|Q141196243]]
| [[Lyngaabacterales]]
| Lyngaabacterales
| [[Polarisedimenticolia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196247|Q141196247]]
| [[Nebelibacteriales]]
| Nebelibacteriales
| [[Thermoleophilia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196361|Q141196361]]
| [[Viciniskagenimenales]]
| Viciniskagenimenales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196429|Q141196429]]
| [[Bisleviellales]]
| Bisleviellales
| [[Thermoleophilia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196433|Q141196433]]
| [[Maricaulales]]
| Maricaulales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196723|Q141196723]]
| [[Hoptrupicoccales]]
| Hoptrupicoccales
| [[Dehalococcoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196756|Q141196756]]
| [[Stavnsholtianales]]
| Stavnsholtianales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141196835|Q141196835]]
| [[Dommerbymenales]]
| Dommerbymenales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197048|Q141197048]]
| [[Loegumiabales]]
| Loegumiabales
| [[Loegumiabia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197061|Q141197061]]
| [[Vicininissumicolales]]
| Vicininissumicolales
| [[Actinomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197083|Q141197083]]
| [[Lyneplasmatales]]
| Lyneplasmatales
| [[Bathyarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197139|Q141197139]]
| [[Methyloligotrophales]]
| Methyloligotrophales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197149|Q141197149]]
| [[Oesbyanales]]
| Oesbyanales
| [[Thermoanaerobaculia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197217|Q141197217]]
| [[Vrouevitales]]
| Vrouevitales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197322|Q141197322]]
| [[Adskagenisomatales]]
| Adskagenisomatales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197471|Q141197471]]
| [[Binderupivitales]]
| Binderupivitales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197512|Q141197512]]
| [[Aasumibacterales]]
| Aasumibacterales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197528|Q141197528]]
| [[Granslevivitales]]
| Granslevivitales
| [[Bonnerupiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197681|Q141197681]]
| [[Iglsoeviventales]]
| Iglsoeviventales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197721|Q141197721]]
| [[Holtecolales]]
| Holtecolales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197765|Q141197765]]
| [[Marsletimorphales]]
| Marsletimorphales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141197938|Q141197938]]
| [[Brobyanales]]
| Brobyanales
| [[Brobyania]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198017|Q141198017]]
| [[Hoveniabales]]
| Hoveniabales
| [[Dehalococcoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198187|Q141198187]]
| [[Skagenicolales]]
| Skagenicolales
| [[Skagenicolia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198386|Q141198386]]
| [[Skagenivitales]]
| Skagenivitales
| [[Skagenivitia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198552|Q141198552]]
| [[Bregningesomatales]]
| Bregningesomatales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198582|Q141198582]]
| [[Sommerstediellales]]
| Sommerstediellales
| [[Bathyarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198650|Q141198650]]
| [[Flynderiellales]]
| Flynderiellales
| [[Ravnsnaesimenia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198706|Q141198706]]
| [[Periskagenicolales]]
| Periskagenicolales
| [[Ravnsnaesimenia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198736|Q141198736]]
| [[Oedstedimicrobiales]]
| Oedstedimicrobiales
| [[Oedstedimicrobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198777|Q141198777]]
| [[Lillevordemenales]]
| Lillevordemenales
| [[Blastocatellia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198877|Q141198877]]
| [[Zionsivitales]]
| Zionsivitales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198946|Q141198946]]
| [[Methanomethylicales]]
| Methanomethylicales
| [[Methanomethylicia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141198969|Q141198969]]
| [[Kvaersiplasmatales]]
| Kvaersiplasmatales
| [[Kvaersiplasmatia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199043|Q141199043]]
| [[Blaereales]]
| Blaereales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199186|Q141199186]]
| [[Ravnsnaesimenales]]
| Ravnsnaesimenales
| [[Ravnsnaesimenia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199197|Q141199197]]
| [[Soeftenivitales]]
| Soeftenivitales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199277|Q141199277]]
| [[Grarupimicrobiales]]
| Grarupimicrobiales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199288|Q141199288]]
| [[Steppingicolales]]
| Steppingicolales
| [[Terriglobia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199463|Q141199463]]
| [[Tistediales]]
| Tistediales
| [[Tistediia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199570|Q141199570]]
| [[Pederskeriellales]]
| Pederskeriellales
| [[Pederskeriellia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199637|Q141199637]]
| [[Olgodiabales]]
| Olgodiabales
| [[Dehalococcoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199661|Q141199661]]
| [[Adskageniabales]]
| Adskageniabales
| [[Patescibacteriia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199724|Q141199724]]
| [[Mammenisomatales]]
| Mammenisomatales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199747|Q141199747]]
| [[Oudrupiales]]
| Oudrupiales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199780|Q141199780]]
| [[Uabimicrobiales]]
| Uabimicrobiales
| [[Uabimicrobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199806|Q141199806]]
| [[Hadbjergicolales]]
| Hadbjergicolales
| [[Hadbjergicolia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141199990|Q141199990]]
| [[Sedenicolales]]
| Sedenicolales
| [[Anaerolineae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200124|Q141200124]]
| [[Moltrupihabitantales]]
| Moltrupihabitantales
| [[Moltrupihabitantia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200255|Q141200255]]
| [[Fredensisomatales]]
| Fredensisomatales
| [[Ravnsnaesimenia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200298|Q141200298]]
| [[Lonstrupiales]]
| Lonstrupiales
| [[Elusimicrobia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200301|Q141200301]]
| [[Lindetiplasmatales]]
| Lindetiplasmatales
| [[Dehalococcoidia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200311|Q141200311]]
| [[Mosbjergiales]]
| Mosbjergiales
| [[Vicinamibacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200570|Q141200570]]
| [[Outrupibacteriales]]
| Outrupibacteriales
| [[Thermoanaerobaculia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200593|Q141200593]]
| [[Oestermarieanales]]
| Oestermarieanales
| [[Oestermarieania]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200594|Q141200594]]
| [[Vognsildiellales]]
| Vognsildiellales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200609|Q141200609]]
| [[Madumicoccales]]
| Madumicoccales
| [[Actinomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200626|Q141200626]]
| [[Jetsmarkimenales]]
| Jetsmarkimenales
| [[Kapaibacteriia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200644|Q141200644]]
| [[Haversleviellales]]
| Haversleviellales
| [[Loejtimicrobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200728|Q141200728]]
| [[Bonnerupiales]]
| Bonnerupiales
| [[Bonnerupiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200760|Q141200760]]
| [[Karupiplasmatales]]
| Karupiplasmatales
| [[Thermoplasmata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200898|Q141200898]]
| [[Loejtimicrobiales]]
| Loejtimicrobiales
| [[Loejtimicrobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141200981|Q141200981]]
| [[Vindebyales]]
| Vindebyales
| [[Vindebyia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141201042|Q141201042]]
| [[Strynoevitales]]
| Strynoevitales
| [[Chloroflexia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141215295|Q141215295]]
| [[Langiophytales]]
| Langiophytales
| [[Langiophytopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141281665|Q141281665]]
| [[Lyonophytales]]
| Lyonophytales
| [[Langiophytopsida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135009756|Q135009756]]
| [[Amarolineales]]
| Amarolineales
| [[Anaerolineae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135275723|Q135275723]]
| [[Jordiarchaeales]]
| Jordiarchaeales
| [[Jordiarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135437892|Q135437892]]
| [[Caedimonadales]]
| Caedimonadales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135476875|Q135476875]]
| [[Serinales]]
| Serinales<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Pichiomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Candida 2.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135476956|Q135476956]]
| [[Pichiales]]
| Pichiales<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Pichiomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[File:Pichia pastoris (Zhang 2017).jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135478288|Q135478288]]
| [[Dipodascales]]
| Dipodascales<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[Dipodascomycetes]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref>
| [[File:A gossypii.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135489806|Q135489806]]
| [[Peptostreptococcales]]
| Peptostreptococcales
| [[Clostridia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135553412|Q135553412]]
| [[Polarisedimenticolales]]
| Polarisedimenticolales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657004|Q135657004]]
| [[Baltobacterales]]
| Baltobacterales
| [[Eremiobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657038|Q135657038]]
| [[Dormibacteria]]
| Candidatus Dormibacteria
| [[Dormibacterota]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657039|Q135657039]]
| [[Dormibacterales]]
| Candidatus Dormibacterales
| [[Dormibacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657071|Q135657071]]
| [[Duberdicusellales]]
| Candidatus Duberdicusellales
| [[Velamenicoccia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657082|Q135657082]]
| [[Eremiobacterales]]
| Candidatus Eremiobacterales
| [[Eremiobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657087|Q135657087]]
| [[Ghiorseimicrobiales]]
| Ghiorseimicrobiales
| [[Velamenicoccia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657211|Q135657211]]
| [[Cyanobacteriales]]
| Cyanobacteriales
| [[Cyanobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657449|Q135657449]]
| [[Velamenicoccales]]
| Candidatus Velamenicoccales
| [[Velamenicoccia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135657456|Q135657456]]
| [[Xenobiales]]
| Candidatus Xenobiales
| [[Xenobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135658650|Q135658650]]
| [[Incertae sedis (Microsporidea Ordo)]]
| Incertae sedis
| [[Microsporidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135676714|Q135676714]]
| [[Ottiales]]
| Ottiales
| [[Nemaliophycidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135686949|Q135686949]]
| [[Muellerivitales]]
| Muellerivitales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135686953|Q135686953]]
| [[Benthobacterales]]
| Benthobacterales
| [[Acidimicrobiia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135686991|Q135686991]]
| [[Oederibacteriales]]
| Oederibacteriales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135748014|Q135748014]]
| [[Macroscelidia]]
| Macroscelidia
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135855584|Q135855584]]
| [[Septemchitonida]]
| Septemchitonida
| [[Palaeoloricata]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135864670|Q135864670]]
| [[Phenacodonta]]
| Phenacodonta
| [[Perissodactylomorpha]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135900198|Q135900198]]
| [[Mathanobavirales]]
| Mathanobavirales
| [[Caudoviricetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135971173|Q135971173]]
| [[Galeaspiformes]]
| Galeaspiformes
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136031403|Q136031403]]
| [[Penumbrarchaeales]]
| Penumbrarchaeales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136084444|Q136084444]]
| [[Phycocordibacterales]]
| Phycocordibacterales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136099461|Q136099461]]
| [[Desulfobaccales]]
| Desulfobaccales
| [[Desulfobaccia]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136259844|Q136259844]]
| [[Izemoplasmatales]]
| Izemoplasmatales
| [[Bacilli]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136305345|Q136305345]]
| [[Tepidihabitantales]]
| Tepidihabitantales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136334483|Q136334483]]
| [[Kuafuiibacteriales]]
| Kuafuiibacteriales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136335065|Q136335065]]
| [[Candidatus Yangjianarchaeales]]
| Yangjianarchaeales
| [[Odinarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136335066|Q136335066]]
| [[Wenzhongarchaeales]]
| Wenzhongarchaeales
| [[Heimdallarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136429797|Q136429797]]
| [[Incertae sedis (Cephalopoda)]]
| Incertae sedis (Cephalopoda)
| [[Cephalopode]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136430116|Q136430116]]
| [[Antarcticerida]]
| Antarcticerida
| [[Paracoleoidea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136441287|Q136441287]]
| [[Desulfocorpusculales]]
| Desulfocorpusculales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136458621|Q136458621]]
| [[Magnimaribacterales]]
| Magnimaribacterales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136464615|Q136464615]]
| [[Methylaequorales]]
| Methylaequorales
| [[Alphaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136514434|Q136514434]]
| [[Cryptocaliciales]]
| Cryptocaliciales<ref name="ref_3f68b6e196efae727e60b1d8b84a2ab4b6c2e8fd94d9e4b9ae6162c720c0c9f2">''[[:d:Q118163261|A new lineage of mazaediate fungi in the Eurotiomycetes: Cryptocaliciomycetidae subclass. nov., based on the new species Cryptocalicium blascoi and the revision of the ascoma evolution]]''</ref>
| [[Cryptocaliciomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136956231|Q136956231]]
| [[Ryujiniales]]
| Ryujiniales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137217933|Q137217933]]
| [[Anstonellales]]
| Anstonellales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137217953|Q137217953]]
| [[Norongarragalinales]]
| Norongarragalinales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137217967|Q137217967]]
| [[Gugararchaeales]]
| Gugararchaeales
| [[Microcaldia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137217973|Q137217973]]
| [[Tiddalikarchaeales]]
| Tiddalikarchaeales
| [[Nanobdellia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137217977|Q137217977]]
| [[Burarchaeales]]
| Burarchaeales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137272480|Q137272480]]
| [[Shennongiarchaeales]]
| Shennongiarchaeales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137301147|Q137301147]]
| [[Mixodontia]]
| Mixodontia
| [[Simplicidentata]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137380698|Q137380698]]
| [[Acidiferrales]]
| Acidiferrales
| [[Terriglobia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137401779|Q137401779]]
| [[Vilesida]]
| Vilesida<ref name="ref_f1ac3fd2b3632ceb4085c99857d8b7ddb5c4d23101b3d3e948c0edb584b09da3">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/205/3/zlaf163/8329369?login=false</ref><ref name="ref_453c4ec3432b22352d31ee2f8b2bf75e2dc53023972bb905c46208bd086b7b40">''[[:d:Q137610115|Vilesida, a new order of demosponges revealed by molecular phylogeny and abundant 24-isopropylcholesterols (24-ipc sterols)]]''</ref>
| [[Heteroscleromorpha]]<ref name="ref_f1ac3fd2b3632ceb4085c99857d8b7ddb5c4d23101b3d3e948c0edb584b09da3">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/205/3/zlaf163/8329369?login=false</ref><ref name="ref_453c4ec3432b22352d31ee2f8b2bf75e2dc53023972bb905c46208bd086b7b40">''[[:d:Q137610115|Vilesida, a new order of demosponges revealed by molecular phylogeny and abundant 24-isopropylcholesterols (24-ipc sterols)]]''</ref>
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137453525|Q137453525]]
| [[Pterista]]
| Pterista<ref name="ref_a572976296b3322a025a15b9f7707343610884cf501c5bc9fdb9376880137ea6">''[[:d:Q137453680|Clypifer cribrifer gen. nov., sp. nov. (Clypiferidae fam. nov., Pterocystida, Centroplasthelida), with notes on evolution of centrohelid siliceous coverings]]''</ref>
| [[Pterocystida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137460473|Q137460473]]
| [[Stemonitida]]
| Stemonitida
| [[Myxogastria]]
| [[File:Stemonitis fusca.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137582635|Q137582635]]
| [[Liceda]]
| Liceida<ref name="ref_d2c68a5c6d873e987bc8e56d7ac35416cfc37e39bd6d5c281a522efe25929266">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/taxonomy/211104/names/</ref>
| [[Lucisporidia]]<ref name="ref_d2c68a5c6d873e987bc8e56d7ac35416cfc37e39bd6d5c281a522efe25929266">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/taxonomy/211104/names/</ref>
| [[File:Lycogala epidendrum - Pink and brown slime molds.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137769490|Q137769490]]
| [[Aridivitales]]
| Aridivitales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137782707|Q137782707]]
| [[Alaninales]]
| Alaninales
| [[Pichiomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137787554|Q137787554]]
| [[Phaffomycetales]]
| Phaffomycetales
| [[Saccharomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137787690|Q137787690]]
| [[Ascoideales]]
| Ascoideales
| [[Saccharomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137796613|Q137796613]]
| [[Lipomycetales]]
| Lipomycetales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137807329|Q137807329]]
| [[Afredentata]]
| Afredentata
| [[Pholidotamorpha]]
| [[File:Eurotamandua NT small.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137971868|Q137971868]]
| [[Spongiifermentales]]
| Spongiifermentales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137971878|Q137971878]]
| [[Rariloculales]]
| Rariloculales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137997875|Q137997875]]
| [[Spirogyrales]]
| Spirogyrales
| [[Zygnematophyceae]]
| [[File:The freshwater alga Spirogyra.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138024543|Q138024543]]
| [[Palaeoannelida]]
| Palaeoannelida
| [[Annelida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138301885|Q138301885]]
| [[Palaeoryctida]]
| Palaeoryctida
| [[Placentarios]]
| [[File:Palaeoryctes puercensis 3.jpg|center|32px]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138327040|Q138327040]]
| [[Elegestolepidida]]
| Elegestolepidida
| [[Chondrichthyes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138370283|Q138370283]]
| [[Acidulidesulfobacteriales]]
| Acidulidesulfobacteriales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138463936|Q138463936]]
| [[Lachnospirales]]
| Lachnospirales
| [[Clostridia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138463995|Q138463995]]
| [[Chloracidobacteriales]]
| Chloracidobacteriales
| [[Blastocatellia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138528424|Q138528424]]
| [[Methanosuratincolales]]
| Methanosuratincolales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138642109|Q138642109]]
| [[Discocephalida]]
| Discocephalida
| [[Hypotrichea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138648830|Q138648830]]
| [[Kirengellida]]
| Kirengellida
| [[Tergomya]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138732826|Q138732826]]
| [[Acididesulfobacterales]]
| Acididesulfobacterales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138737458|Q138737458]]
| [[Serritaeniales]]
| Serritaeniales
| [[Zygnematophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138775192|Q138775192]]
| [[Hormidiellales]]
| Hormidiellales
| [[Klebsormidiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138775558|Q138775558]]
| [[Entransiales]]
| Entransiales
| [[Klebsormidiophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138784406|Q138784406]]
| [[Sigyniarchaeales]]
| Sigyniarchaeales
| [[Lokiarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138840732|Q138840732]]
| [[Cordanales]]
| Cordanales
| [[Sordariomycetes]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139189658|Q139189658]]
| [[Actinosomnolentales]]
| Actinosomnolentales
| [[Aridivitia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139190234|Q139190234]]
| [[Actinopolaridales]]
| Actinopolaridales
| [[Aridivitia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139190676|Q139190676]]
| [[Barbatosphaeriales]]
| Barbatosphaeriales
| [[Diaporthomycetidae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139191136|Q139191136]]
| [[Bungeriellales]]
| Bungeriellales
| [[Aridivitia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139382101|Q139382101]]
| [[Cryogemmatales]]
| Cryogemmatales
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139414544|Q139414544]]
| [[Nanosomnibacterales]]
| Nanosomnibacterales
| [[Nanosomnibacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139414672|Q139414672]]
| [[Dormimicrobiales]]
| Dormimicrobiales
| [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139546348|Q139546348]]
| [[Sellaphorales]]
| Sellaphorales
| [[Diatomea]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139550808|Q139550808]]
| [[Solitaria]]
| Solitaria
| [[Entoprocta]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139577764|Q139577764]]
| [[Mulliformes]]
| Mulliformes
| [[Actinopterygii]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139600805|Q139600805]]
| [[Apogoniformes]]
| Apogoniformes
| [[Teleostei]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139601190|Q139601190]]
| [[Doridida]]
| Doridida
| [[Nudipleura]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139849645|Q139849645]]
| [[Chuariales]]
| Chuariales
| [[Chuariophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139917825|Q139917825]]
| [[Nanosynbacterales]]
| Nanosynbacterales
| [[Nanosynbacteria]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139973659|Q139973659]]
| [[Aegeococcales]]
| Aegeococcales
| [[Chroococcophyceae]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140089090|Q140089090]]
| [[Heimdallarchaeales]]
| Heimdallarchaeales<ref name="ref_ec6c76bc9aee6a3734f129bf57153b1a64fe4dc1751d7e55fca2c3f58e8c7f5c">https://lpsn.dsmz.de/class/heimdallarchaeia</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140155558|Q140155558]]
| [[Echinorhagata]]
| Echinorhagata
| [[Cyclorhagida]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140216662|Q140216662]]
| [[Keeunamorphia]]
| Keeunamorphia
| [[Australidelphia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140370192|Q140370192]]
| [[Gerdarchaeales]]
| Gerdarchaeales<ref name="ref_3f54ba65ca252554a1eaa7223a125e678c0be18df510d0585ce96eb9c1862cd1">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11427-020-1679-1</ref>
| [[Heimdallarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140426186|Q140426186]]
| [[Hodarchaeales]]
| Hodarchaeales
| [[Heimdallarchaeia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140573509|Q140573509]]
| [["Candidatus Jordarchaeales" Sun et al. 2021]]
| "Candidatus Jordarchaeales"
| [["Candidatus Jordarchaeia" Sun et al. 2021]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140577200|Q140577200]]
| [["Candidatus Korarchaeales" Rinke et al. 2021]]
| "Candidatus Korarchaeales"
| [[Korarchaeia]]
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
p8xbwy1qnvfzaxy0qwng0ccsuowqfyd
Appendice:Lista de classes de entitates territorial administrative
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2026-09-10T11:42:46Z
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Wikidata list updated [V2]
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{infobox}}
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P279* wd:Q56061 }
|columns=item,label,P279,P31,P2354,description
|sort=label
|thumb=32
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! item
! label
! subclasse de
! instantia de
! has list
! description
|-
| [[:d:Q125880556|Q125880556]]
| ''[[:d:Q125880556|1-chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104414508|Q104414508]]
| ''[[:d:Q104414508|100 percent corner]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16889133|classe]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24068255|Q24068255]]
| ''[[:d:Q24068255|13 Kohanic cities]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23640644|Levitical city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1243603|Q1243603]]
| ''[[:d:Q1243603|14 regions of Augustan Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q93465910|tetradecad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58287267|Q58287267]]
| ''[[:d:Q58287267|1923 district of Prague]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133775323|Q133775323]]
| ''[[:d:Q133775323|1L125 Niobium-SV]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133288241|military radar station]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125882188|Q125882188]]
| ''[[:d:Q125882188|3-chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125884124|Q125884124]]
| ''[[:d:Q125884124|4-chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125884311|Q125884311]]
| ''[[:d:Q125884311|6-chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125884395|Q125884395]]
| ''[[:d:Q125884395|7-chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125889795|Q125889795]]
| ''[[:d:Q125889795|8-chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10397462|Q10397462]]
| ''[[:d:Q10397462|A-region]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27654220|Q27654220]]
| ''[[:d:Q27654220|abandoned hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q350895|abandoned village]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91713|Q91713]]
| ''[[:d:Q91713|abatis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402346|field fortification]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1778235|Q1778235]]
| ''[[:d:Q1778235|abbacy nullius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2633744|territorial prelature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115861574|Q115861574]]
| ''[[:d:Q115861574|Abbasid army]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3811245|Arab Jund]]''
| [[fortias armate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q8473|fortias armate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24305436|Q24305436]]
| ''[[:d:Q24305436|abbey-principality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q708751|imperial abbey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3403564|ecclesiastical principality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1778235|abbacy nullius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499065|spiritual territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4664382|Q4664382]]
| ''[[:d:Q4664382|Abbott district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q70036463|Q70036463]]
| ''[[:d:Q70036463|aboriginal area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85739476|Q85739476]]
| ''[[:d:Q85739476|Aboriginal reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57237926|reservation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2006795|Q2006795]]
| ''[[:d:Q2006795|abschnittsmotte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92062|motte-and-bailey castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1529874|landscape element]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15786355|Q15786355]]
| ''[[:d:Q15786355|Abundanz (Kommunalrecht)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5767753|style]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2822246|Q2822246]]
| ''[[:d:Q2822246|academic district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q45279517|Q45279517]]
| ''[[:d:Q45279517|academic region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131668|Q131668]]
| ''[[:d:Q131668|acropolis]]''
| [[Citadella]]<br/>''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q38159150|Q38159150]]
| ''[[:d:Q38159150|adelantamiento]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283496|Q5283496]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283496|administration of Asmara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15728794|administrative territorial entity of Eritrea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4456205|Q4456205]]
| ''[[:d:Q4456205|Administrative and municipal divisions of Sevastopol]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15911581|Q15911581]]
| ''[[:d:Q15911581|administrative area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129267212|Q129267212]]
| ''[[:d:Q129267212|administrative capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12624746|Q12624746]]
| ''[[:d:Q12624746|administrative city in South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13455645|Q13455645]]
| ''[[:d:Q13455645|administrative city in the Republic of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3074936|local government in the Republic of Ireland]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15725618|Q15725618]]
| ''[[:d:Q15725618|administrative community of Bavaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1317260|Q1317260]]
| ''[[:d:Q1317260|administrative community of Thuringia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q251987|municipal association]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683494|Q4683494]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683494|Administrative counties of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2560047|Q2560047]]
| ''[[:d:Q2560047|administrative county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21272231|county council area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60299921|Q60299921]]
| ''[[:d:Q60299921|administrative district in the canton of Graubünden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76009696|Q76009696]]
| ''[[:d:Q76009696|administrative district of Czech municipality with authorized municipal office]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12055729|адміністрацыйны раён]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76007695|Q76007695]]
| ''[[:d:Q76007695|administrative district of Czech municipality with expanded powers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12055729|адміністрацыйны раён]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q74728036|Q74728036]]
| ''[[:d:Q74728036|administrative district of Prague]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q585444|districts of Prague]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2864107|Q2864107]]
| ''[[:d:Q2864107|administrative district of the canton of Bern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631098|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Bern]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27969979|Q27969979]]
| ''[[:d:Q27969979|administrative division of Crimea]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1143175|Q1143175]]
| ''[[:d:Q1143175|administrative division of Iceland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114903891|Q114903891]]
| ''[[:d:Q114903891|Administrative division of Keelung City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057731|Q4057731]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057731|administrative division of Korea under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10915529|Q10915529]]
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2499134|Q2499134]]
| ''[[:d:Q2499134|administrative division of the European Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12644200|Q12644200]]
| ''[[:d:Q12644200|administrative division of the Independent State of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11271241|Q11271241]]
| ''[[:d:Q11271241|administrative division of the Joseon dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11820844|Q11820844]]
| ''[[:d:Q11820844|administrative division of the Northern Mariana Islands]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75020334|Q75020334]]
| ''[[:d:Q75020334|administrative division of the Ryukyu Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057673|Q4057673]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057673|administrative division of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q156772|Q156772]]
| ''[[:d:Q156772|administrative divisions of Afghanistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q507248|Q507248]]
| ''[[:d:Q507248|administrative divisions of Altai Krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q840874|Q840874]]
| ''[[:d:Q840874|Administrative divisions of Amur Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q13058055|Q13058055]]
| ''[[:d:Q13058055|administrative divisions of Armenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076829|Q12076829]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076829|Administrative divisions of Cherkasy Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076830|Q12076830]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076830|Administrative divisions of Chernihiv Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076828|Q12076828]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076828|Administrative divisions of Chernivtsi Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2637710|Q2637710]]
| ''[[:d:Q2637710|Administrative divisions of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q3712150|Q3712150]]
| ''[[:d:Q3712150|Administrative divisions of Czechoslovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10860584|Země (územní jednotka)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057652|Q4057652]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057652|administrative divisions of Donetsk Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4881009|Q4881009]]
| ''[[:d:Q4881009|administrative divisions of Flanders]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q387917|Q387917]]
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2726038|Q2726038]]
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1261173|Q1261173]]
| ''[[:d:Q1261173|Administrative divisions of Irkutsk Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q12076839|Q12076839]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076839|Administrative divisions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057655|Q4057655]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057655|Administrative divisions of Kamchatka Krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2520568|Q2520568]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520568|Administrative divisions of Kemerovo Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2520659|Q2520659]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520659|Administrative divisions of Khabarovsk Krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q368145|Q368145]]
| ''[[:d:Q368145|Administrative divisions of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Ugra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q12077007|Q12077007]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077007|Administrative divisions of Kharkiv Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691372|Q16691372]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691372|Administrative divisions of Kherson Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4415017|Q4415017]]
| ''[[:d:Q4415017|administrative divisions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691299|Q16691299]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691299|Administrative divisions of Kirovohrad Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057662|Q4057662]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057662|Administrative divisions of Krasnoyarsk Krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q108861895|Q108861895]]
| ''[[:d:Q108861895|administrative divisions of Latvia (2009–2021)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13406592|Q13406592]]
| ''[[:d:Q13406592|administrative divisions of Liechtenstein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12076831|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities of countries in Europe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076929|Q12076929]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076929|Administrative divisions of Luhansk Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076811|Q12076811]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076811|Administrative divisions of Lviv Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057665|Q4057665]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057665|Administrative divisions of Magadan Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q18209049|Q18209049]]
| ''[[:d:Q18209049|Administrative divisions of Metro Manila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683535|Q4683535]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683535|administrative divisions of Moldavia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q16691320|Q16691320]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691320|Administrative divisions of Mykolaiv Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109905780|Q109905780]]
| ''[[:d:Q109905780|Administrative divisions of Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1667821|Q1667821]]
| ''[[:d:Q1667821|Administrative divisions of Novosibirsk Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q16691334|Q16691334]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691334|Administrative divisions of Odesa Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2520579|Q2520579]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520579|Administrative divisions of Omsk Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2520666|Q2520666]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520666|Administrative divisions of Perm Krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077031|Q12077031]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077031|Administrative divisions of Poltava Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1141522|Q1141522]]
| ''[[:d:Q1141522|Administrative divisions of Primorsky Krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691358|Q16691358]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691358|Administrative divisions of Rivne Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q192287|Q192287]]
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1190797|Q1190797]]
| ''[[:d:Q1190797|administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10928072|Q10928072]]
| ''[[:d:Q10928072|administrative divisions of Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1438317|Q1438317]]
| ''[[:d:Q1438317|Administrative divisions of Sakhalin Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076993|Q12076993]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076993|Administrative divisions of Sumy Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076822|Q12076822]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076822|Administrative divisions of Ternopil Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1077333|Q1077333]]
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1062975|Q1062975]]
| ''[[:d:Q1062975|administrative divisions of the Altai Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96371482|Q96371482]]
| ''[[:d:Q96371482|Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q841810|Q841810]]
| ''[[:d:Q841810|Administrative divisions of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6635528|Q6635528]]
| ''[[:d:Q6635528|Administrative divisions of the Liao dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15042137|Q15042137]]
| ''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q904526|Q904526]]
| ''[[:d:Q904526|Administrative divisions of the Republic of Bashkortostan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q904571|Q904571]]
| ''[[:d:Q904571|administrative divisions of the Republic of Buryatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q905163|Q905163]]
| ''[[:d:Q905163|Administrative divisions of the Republic of Khakassia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1376945|Q1376945]]
| ''[[:d:Q1376945|Administrative divisions of the Sakha Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1369968|Q1369968]]
| ''[[:d:Q1369968|Administrative divisions of Tomsk Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2520620|Q2520620]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520620|Administrative divisions of Tyumen Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q9282522|Q9282522]]
| ''[[:d:Q9282522|Administrative divisions of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691259|Q16691259]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691259|Administrative divisions of Vinnytsia Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076867|Q12076867]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076867|Administrative divisions of Volyn Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q4057686|Q4057686]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057686|Administrative divisions of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1390857|Q1390857]]
| ''[[:d:Q1390857|Administrative divisions of Zabaykalsky Krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q12076808|Q12076808]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076808|Administrative divisions of Zakarpattia Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076809|Q12076809]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076809|Administrative divisions of Zaporizhia Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691275|Q16691275]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691275|administrative divisions of Zhytomyr Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057826|Q4057826]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057826|administrative okrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057820|Q4057820]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057820|administrative okrug of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1512109|Q1512109]]
| ''[[:d:Q1512109|administrative post of East Timor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6052777|administrative territorial entity of East Timor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q179233|Q179233]]
| ''[[:d:Q179233|administrative post of Mozambique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631065|administrative territorial entity of Mozambique]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22575704|Q22575704]]
| ''[[:d:Q22575704|administrative quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75135432|Q75135432]]
| ''[[:d:Q75135432|administrative quarter in Barcelona]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15642599|urban district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87410915|Q87410915]]
| ''[[:d:Q87410915|administrative quarter of Marseille]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22575704|administrative quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q788574|list of quarters of Marseille]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q252916|Q252916]]
| ''[[:d:Q252916|administrative quarter of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22575704|administrative quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q180928|Paris districts]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22833408|Q22833408]]
| ''[[:d:Q22833408|administrative quarter of Strasbourg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683593|Q4683593]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976665|Q3976665]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976665|administrative region of municipality of Rio de Janeiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55998242|Q55998242]]
| ''[[:d:Q55998242|administrative region of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1989278|administrative region in Quebec]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109513079|Q109513079]]
| ''[[:d:Q109513079|administrative region of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17277414|Q17277414]]
| ''[[:d:Q17277414|administrative region of the canton of Berne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631098|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Bern]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1158712|Q1158712]]
| ''[[:d:Q1158712|administrative region of the Federal District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q28203007|Q28203007]]
| ''[[:d:Q28203007|administrative sector]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120743748|Q120743748]]
| ''[[:d:Q120743748|administrative structure of Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073685|Q20073685]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073685|administrative structure of Melitopol district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47508609|Q47508609]]
| ''[[:d:Q47508609|administrative subdivision of French Polynesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22065637|Q22065637]]
| ''[[:d:Q22065637|administrative subdivision of Puerto Rico]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47477839|Q47477839]]
| ''[[:d:Q47477839|administrative subdivision of Republic of Srpska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19849064|administrative territorial entity of Republika Srpska]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46552697|Q46552697]]
| ''[[:d:Q46552697|Administrative Superintendent District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10854310|Q10854310]]
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126192103|entidad local]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87041240|Q87041240]]
| ''[[:d:Q87041240|administrative territorial entity in sports]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623456|Q15623456]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91153391|Q91153391]]
| ''[[:d:Q91153391|administrative territorial entity of a department of Guatemala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2836357|administrative territorial entity of Guatemala]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3268571|Q3268571]]
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1423994|list of administrative divisions by country]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1799794|Q1799794]]
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17361443|Q17361443]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21674689|Q21674689]]
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q620865|Q620865]]
| ''[[:d:Q620865|administrative territorial entity of Abkhazia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q244339|administrative territorial entity of Georgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19868886|Q19868886]]
| ''[[:d:Q19868886|administrative territorial entity of Acre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14469624|Q14469624]]
| ''[[:d:Q14469624|administrative territorial entity of Alagoas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17361393|Q17361393]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361393|administrative territorial entity of Alaska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1814009|Q1814009]]
| ''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6721654|Q6721654]]
| ''[[:d:Q6721654|administrative territorial entity of Algeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14469625|Q14469625]]
| ''[[:d:Q14469625|administrative territorial entity of Amapá]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19868907|Q19868907]]
| ''[[:d:Q19868907|administrative territorial entity of Amazonas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2710679|Q2710679]]
| ''[[:d:Q2710679|administrative territorial entity of American Samoa]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100205512|Q100205512]]
| ''[[:d:Q100205512|administrative territorial entity of ancient Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623251|Q15623251]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623251|administrative territorial entity of Andorra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976645|Q3976645]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976645|administrative territorial entity of Angola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16678127|Q16678127]]
| ''[[:d:Q16678127|administrative territorial entity of Anguilla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15647606|Q15647606]]
| ''[[:d:Q15647606|administrative territorial entity of Antigua and Barbuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61763780|Q61763780]]
| ''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3042547|Q3042547]]
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17361351|Q17361351]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361351|administrative territorial entity of Arkansas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q782198|Q782198]]
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q361733|Q361733]]
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137413|Q137413]]
| ''[[:d:Q137413|administrative territorial entity of Azerbaijan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15644823|Q15644823]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644823|administrative territorial entity of Bahrain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057700|Q4057700]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057700|administrative territorial entity of Baku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137413|administrative territorial entity of Azerbaijan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2271985|Q2271985]]
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15647212|Q15647212]]
| ''[[:d:Q15647212|administrative territorial entity of Barbados]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14921981|Q14921981]]
| ''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623956|Q15623956]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623956|administrative territorial entity of Belize]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502443|Q3502443]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502443|administrative territorial entity of Benin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116752706|Q116752706]]
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2462304|Q2462304]]
| ''[[:d:Q2462304|administrative territorial entity of Bermuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q213918|Q213918]]
| ''[[:d:Q213918|administrative territorial entity of Bolivia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57354|Q57354]]
| ''[[:d:Q57354|administrative territorial entity of Botswana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10374536|Q10374536]]
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646492|Q15646492]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976636|Q3976636]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976636|administrative territorial entity of Brunei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20045441|Q20045441]]
| ''[[:d:Q20045441|administrative territorial entity of Buenos Aires]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10374501|Q10374501]]
| ''[[:d:Q10374501|administrative territorial entity of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063111|Q15063111]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063111|administrative territorial entity of Burkina Faso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2904292|Q2904292]]
| ''[[:d:Q2904292|administrative territorial entity of Burundi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21074401|Q21074401]]
| ''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3360771|Q3360771]]
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3750285|Q3750285]]
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q910919|Q910919]]
| ''[[:d:Q910919|administrative territorial entity of Cape Verde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14469628|Q14469628]]
| ''[[:d:Q14469628|administrative territorial entity of Ceará]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15044747|Q15044747]]
| ''[[:d:Q15044747|administrative territorial entity of Chad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1365122|Q1365122]]
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41761295|Q41761295]]
| ''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2824644|Q2824644]]
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98772493|Q98772493]]
| ''[[:d:Q98772493|administrative territorial entity of Company rule in India]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683520|Q4683520]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683520|administrative territorial entity of Connecticut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11062835|Q11062835]]
| ''[[:d:Q11062835|administrative territorial entity of Cook Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3917124|Q3917124]]
| ''[[:d:Q3917124|administrative territorial entity of Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057732|Q4057732]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057732|administrative territorial entity of Crimea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27969979|administrative division of Crimea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3435941|Q3435941]]
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5549724|Q5549724]]
| ''[[:d:Q5549724|administrative territorial entity of Cuba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8435708|Q8435708]]
| ''[[:d:Q8435708|administrative territorial entity of Cyprus Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724760|Q20724760]]
| ''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134988686|Q134988686]]
| ''[[:d:Q134988686|administrative territorial entity of Delaware]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976655|Q3976655]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1188183|Q1188183]]
| ''[[:d:Q1188183|administrative territorial entity of Djibouti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10374500|Q10374500]]
| ''[[:d:Q10374500|administrative territorial entity of Dominica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6052777|Q6052777]]
| ''[[:d:Q6052777|administrative territorial entity of East Timor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15645212|Q15645212]]
| ''[[:d:Q15645212|administrative territorial entity of Ecuador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15044339|Q15044339]]
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15126920|Q15126920]]
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q171634|Q171634]]
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3557016|Q3557016]]
| ''[[:d:Q3557016|administrative territorial entity of Equatorial Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15728794|Q15728794]]
| ''[[:d:Q15728794|administrative territorial entity of Eritrea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135338809|Q135338809]]
| ''[[:d:Q135338809|administrative territorial entity of Espoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2691373|Q2691373]]
| ''[[:d:Q2691373|administrative territorial entity of Espírito Santo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15620181|Q15620181]]
| ''[[:d:Q15620181|administrative territorial entity of Estonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2715909|Q2715909]]
| ''[[:d:Q2715909|administrative territorial entity of Eswatini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1196054|Q1196054]]
| ''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134599577|Q134599577]]
| ''[[:d:Q134599577|administrative territorial entity of Federation of Earth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1062445|Q1062445]]
| ''[[:d:Q1062445|administrative territorial entity of Fiji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q646728|Q646728]]
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21326003|Q21326003]]
| ''[[:d:Q21326003|administrative territorial entity of Fortaleza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14469628|administrative territorial entity of Ceará]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q192498|Q192498]]
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631046|Q7631046]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631046|administrative territorial entity of Gabon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q244339|Q244339]]
| ''[[:d:Q244339|administrative territorial entity of Georgia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15045746|Q15045746]]
| ''[[:d:Q15045746|administrative territorial entity of Ghana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1969297|Q1969297]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969297|administrative territorial entity of Goiás]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2878183|Q2878183]]
| ''[[:d:Q2878183|administrative territorial entity of Gran Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1670189|Q1670189]]
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11017753|Q11017753]]
| ''[[:d:Q11017753|administrative territorial entity of Greece 1997–2010]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q743544|Q743544]]
| ''[[:d:Q743544|administrative territorial entity of Greenland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10374527|Q10374527]]
| ''[[:d:Q10374527|administrative territorial entity of Grenada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2836357|Q2836357]]
| ''[[:d:Q2836357|administrative territorial entity of Guatemala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17147618|Q17147618]]
| ''[[:d:Q17147618|administrative territorial entity of Guernsey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502438|Q3502438]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502438|administrative territorial entity of Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631050|Q7631050]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631050|administrative territorial entity of Guinea-Bissau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19904526|Q19904526]]
| ''[[:d:Q19904526|administrative territorial entity of Guyana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1779026|Q1779026]]
| ''[[:d:Q1779026|administrative territorial entity of Haiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3177944|Q3177944]]
| ''[[:d:Q3177944|administrative territorial entity of Helsinki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q15097620|Q15097620]]
| ''[[:d:Q15097620|administrative territorial entity of Honduras]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2520520|Q2520520]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2365748|Q2365748]]
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1434505|Q1434505]]
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q107599957|list of Indonesian provinces by GDP]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3970709|list of Indonesian provinces by GRP per capita]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124619498|list of Indonesian regencies by GDP]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6574237|list of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65041097|list of Indonesian cities by GDP]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5653|regencies and cities of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q675959|Largest cities in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85777779|list of Indonesian provinces by highest point]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14925259|Q14925259]]
| ''[[:d:Q14925259|administrative territorial entity of Iraq]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3356092|Q3356092]]
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1550119|Q1550119]]
| ''[[:d:Q1550119|administrative territorial entity of Israel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2679154|Q2679154]]
| ''[[:d:Q2679154|administrative territorial entity of Ivory Coast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15640280|Q15640280]]
| ''[[:d:Q15640280|administrative territorial entity of Jamaica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1850442|Q1850442]]
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15980675|Q15980675]]
| ''[[:d:Q15980675|administrative territorial entity of Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16077826|Q16077826]]
| ''[[:d:Q16077826|administrative territorial entity of Jin dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15644813|Q15644813]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15072596|Q15072596]]
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976641|Q3976641]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976641|administrative territorial entity of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27924168|Q27924168]]
| ''[[:d:Q27924168|administrative territorial entity of Kingdom of Sardinia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q924986|Q924986]]
| ''[[:d:Q924986|administrative territorial entity of Kiribati]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1057589|Q1057589]]
| ''[[:d:Q1057589|Administrative territorial entity of Kosovo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15644788|Q15644788]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644788|administrative territorial entity of Kuwait]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623974|Q15623974]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623974|administrative territorial entity of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50199|Q50199]]
| ''[[:d:Q50199|administrative territorial entity of Laos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631056|Q7631056]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631056|administrative territorial entity of Lebanon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2878104|Q2878104]]
| ''[[:d:Q2878104|administrative territorial entity of Lesotho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646706|Q15646706]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646706|administrative territorial entity of Liberia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9301005|Q9301005]]
| ''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623923|Q15623923]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623923|administrative territorial entity of Liechtenstein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q772123|Q772123]]
| ''[[:d:Q772123|administrative territorial entity of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21451942|Q21451942]]
| ''[[:d:Q21451942|administrative territorial entity of Lower Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1853481|Liste der Verwaltungseinheiten in Niedersachsen]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2695008|Q2695008]]
| ''[[:d:Q2695008|administrative territorial entity of Luxembourg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50298|Q50298]]
| ''[[:d:Q50298|administrative territorial entity of Macau]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1087635|Q1087635]]
| ''[[:d:Q1087635|administrative territorial entity of Madagascar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124157135|Q124157135]]
| ''[[:d:Q124157135|administrative territorial entity of Maine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631058|Q7631058]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631058|administrative territorial entity of Malawi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623253|Q15623253]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2520541|Q2520541]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520541|administrative territorial entity of Mali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15631694|Q15631694]]
| ''[[:d:Q15631694|administrative territorial entity of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15665504|Q15665504]]
| ''[[:d:Q15665504|administrative territorial entity of Mandatory Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2577252|Q2577252]]
| ''[[:d:Q2577252|administrative territorial entity of Maranhão]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14469630|Q14469630]]
| ''[[:d:Q14469630|administrative territorial entity of Mato Grosso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2599685|Q2599685]]
| ''[[:d:Q2599685|administrative territorial entity of Mato Grosso do Sul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631060|Q7631060]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631060|administrative territorial entity of Mauritania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283489|Q5283489]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283489|administrative territorial entity of Mauritius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112865|Q112865]]
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683534|Q4683534]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19868905|Q19868905]]
| ''[[:d:Q19868905|administrative territorial entity of Minas Gerais]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17379829|Q17379829]]
| ''[[:d:Q17379829|administrative territorial entity of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17379815|Q17379815]]
| ''[[:d:Q17379815|administrative territorial entity of Missouri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q542797|Q542797]]
| ''[[:d:Q542797|administrative territorial entity of Moldova]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646733|Q15646733]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646733|administrative territorial entity of Monaco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3645512|Q3645512]]
| ''[[:d:Q3645512|administrative territorial entity of Mongolia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15629195|Q15629195]]
| ''[[:d:Q15629195|administrative territorial entity of Montenegro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502450|Q3502450]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502450|administrative territorial entity of Montserrat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646667|Q15646667]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646667|administrative territorial entity of more than one country]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4115671|Q4115671]]
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q462667|Q462667]]
| ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631065|Q7631065]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631065|administrative territorial entity of Mozambique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631066|Q7631066]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631066|administrative territorial entity of Namibia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976661|Q3976661]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976661|administrative territorial entity of Nauru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17379821|Q17379821]]
| ''[[:d:Q17379821|administrative territorial entity of Nebraska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976646|Q3976646]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q546080|Q546080]]
| ''[[:d:Q546080|administrative territorial entity of New Caledonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17361640|Q17361640]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361640|administrative territorial entity of New Hampshire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47682|Q47682]]
| ''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063160|Q15063160]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15126956|Q15126956]]
| ''[[:d:Q15126956|administrative territorial entity of Nicaragua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683538|Q4683538]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683538|administrative territorial entity of Niger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3330995|Q3330995]]
| ''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17379818|Q17379818]]
| ''[[:d:Q17379818|administrative territorial entity of North Carolina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17379817|Q17379817]]
| ''[[:d:Q17379817|administrative territorial entity of North Dakota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41386|Q41386]]
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3395432|Q3395432]]
| ''[[:d:Q3395432|administrative territorial entity of North Macedonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10374541|Q10374541]]
| ''[[:d:Q10374541|administrative territorial entity of Northern Cyprus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1049540|Q1049540]]
| ''[[:d:Q1049540|administrative territorial entity of Northern Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q533309|Q533309]]
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15644782|Q15644782]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644782|administrative territorial entity of Oman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42576925|Q42576925]]
| ''[[:d:Q42576925|administrative territorial entity of Oregon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3735314|Q3735314]]
| ''[[:d:Q3735314|administrative territorial entity of Oulu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q23868446|liste des quartiers d'Oulu par district]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q270496|Q270496]]
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623978|Q15623978]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623978|administrative territorial entity of Palau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18324095|Q18324095]]
| ''[[:d:Q18324095|administrative territorial entity of Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15055414|Q15055414]]
| ''[[:d:Q15055414|administrative territorial entity of Panama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3098609|Q3098609]]
| ''[[:d:Q3098609|administrative territorial entity of Papua New Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3032144|district or LLG of Papua New Guinea]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10374547|Q10374547]]
| ''[[:d:Q10374547|administrative territorial entity of Paraguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2477831|Q2477831]]
| ''[[:d:Q2477831|administrative territorial entity of Paraná]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1878343|Q1878343]]
| ''[[:d:Q1878343|administrative territorial entity of Paraíba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2381005|Q2381005]]
| ''[[:d:Q2381005|administrative territorial entity of Pará]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2440055|Q2440055]]
| ''[[:d:Q2440055|administrative territorial entity of Pernambuco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1342205|Q1342205]]
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14469631|Q14469631]]
| ''[[:d:Q14469631|administrative territorial entity of Piauí]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q855451|Q855451]]
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q380230|Q380230]]
| ''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3775649|subregion of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15618485|Q15618485]]
| ''[[:d:Q15618485|administrative territorial entity of Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18559091|Q18559091]]
| ''[[:d:Q18559091|administrative territorial entity of Prussia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623966|Q15623966]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623966|administrative territorial entity of Qatar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q836858|Q836858]]
| ''[[:d:Q836858|administrative territorial entity of Qin dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15897752|Q15897752]]
| ''[[:d:Q15897752|administrative territorial entity of Qing dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q688718|Q688718]]
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q877127|Q877127]]
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19849064|Q19849064]]
| ''[[:d:Q19849064|administrative territorial entity of Republika Srpska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683541|Q4683541]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683541|administrative territorial entity of Rhode Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2673124|Q2673124]]
| ''[[:d:Q2673124|administrative territorial entity of Rio de Janeiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2585182|Q2585182]]
| ''[[:d:Q2585182|administrative territorial entity of Rio Grande do Norte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1992122|Q1992122]]
| ''[[:d:Q1992122|administrative territorial entity of Rio Grande do Sul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q697379|Q697379]]
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2218748|Q2218748]]
| ''[[:d:Q2218748|administrative territorial entity of Rondônia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19868909|Q19868909]]
| ''[[:d:Q19868909|administrative territorial entity of Roraima]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976643|Q3976643]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17315728|Q17315728]]
| ''[[:d:Q17315728|administrative territorial entity of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15645060|Q15645060]]
| ''[[:d:Q15645060|administrative territorial entity of Saint Lucia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15641022|Q15641022]]
| ''[[:d:Q15641022|administrative territorial entity of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12761899|Q12761899]]
| ''[[:d:Q12761899|administrative territorial entity of Samoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2490986|Q2490986]]
| ''[[:d:Q2490986|administrative territorial entity of San Marino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2495729|Q2495729]]
| ''[[:d:Q2495729|administrative territorial entity of Santa Catarina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623255|Q15623255]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q461231|Q461231]]
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137587510|Q137587510]]
| ''[[:d:Q137587510|administrative territorial entity of Seleucid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502496|Q3502496]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1293536|Q1293536]]
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2495826|Q2495826]]
| ''[[:d:Q2495826|administrative territorial entity of Sergipe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5937006|Q5937006]]
| ''[[:d:Q5937006|administrative territorial entity of Seychelles]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15055419|Q15055419]]
| ''[[:d:Q15055419|administrative territorial entity of Sierra Leone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50513|Q50513]]
| ''[[:d:Q50513|administrative territorial entity of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3356100|Q3356100]]
| ''[[:d:Q3356100|administrative territorial entity of Slovenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q878116|Q878116]]
| ''[[:d:Q878116|administrative territorial entity of Somalia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49495331|Q49495331]]
| ''[[:d:Q49495331|administrative territorial entity of Somaliland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10947702|Q10947702]]
| ''[[:d:Q10947702|administrative territorial entity of Song dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683555|Q4683555]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683555|administrative territorial entity of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1155268|politics of South Africa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41156|Q41156]]
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2474244|Q2474244]]
| ''[[:d:Q2474244|administrative territorial entity of South Ossetia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623929|Q15623929]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15313532|Q15313532]]
| ''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631073|Q7631073]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631073|administrative territorial entity of Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11048714|Q11048714]]
| ''[[:d:Q11048714|administrative territorial entity of Suriname]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q914262|Q914262]]
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12267454|Q12267454]]
| ''[[:d:Q12267454|administrative territorial entity of Syria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1007114|Q1007114]]
| ''[[:d:Q1007114|administrative territorial entity of São Paulo City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1709979|list of municipalities in São Paulo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4834771|Q4834771]]
| ''[[:d:Q4834771|administrative territorial entity of São Tomé and Príncipe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18658211|Q18658211]]
| ''[[:d:Q18658211|administrative territorial entity of Taiwan under Qing rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683558|Q4683558]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683558|administrative territorial entity of Tajikistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867371|Q867371]]
| ''[[:d:Q867371|administrative territorial entity of Tanzania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16154667|Q16154667]]
| ''[[:d:Q16154667|administrative territorial entity of Texas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15895907|Q15895907]]
| ''[[:d:Q15895907|administrative territorial entity of the Achaemenid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18227833|Q18227833]]
| ''[[:d:Q18227833|Administrative territorial entity of the Azerbaijani SSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17308849|Q17308849]]
| ''[[:d:Q17308849|administrative territorial entity of the Batavian Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631098|Q7631098]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631098|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Bern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17297182|Q17297182]]
| ''[[:d:Q17297182|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Lucerne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17297222|Q17297222]]
| ''[[:d:Q17297222|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Schwyz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631099|Q7631099]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631099|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Solothurn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631100|Q7631100]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631100|administrative territorial entity of the canton of St. Gallen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17297402|Q17297402]]
| ''[[:d:Q17297402|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Thurgau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11917419|Q11917419]]
| ''[[:d:Q11917419|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Ticino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631101|Q7631101]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631101|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Valais]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631103|Q7631103]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631103|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Vaud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17297280|Q17297280]]
| ''[[:d:Q17297280|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Zürich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631092|Q7631092]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631092|administrative territorial entity of the Central African Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038188|Q112038188]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038188|administrative territorial entity of the city of Rio de Janeiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112038184|administrative territorial entity of the State of Rio de Janeiro]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q674546|Q674546]]
| ''[[:d:Q674546|administrative territorial entity of the city of Zurich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297280|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Zürich]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21073990|Q21073990]]
| ''[[:d:Q21073990|administrative territorial entity of the Comoros]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61478101|Q61478101]]
| ''[[:d:Q61478101|administrative territorial entity of the Crown of Castile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3507889|Q3507889]]
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3253485|Q3253485]]
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17279557|Q17279557]]
| ''[[:d:Q17279557|administrative territorial entity of the Dominican Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17297664|Q17297664]]
| ''[[:d:Q17297664|administrative territorial entity of the Duchy of Livonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15729138|Q15729138]]
| ''[[:d:Q15729138|administrative territorial entity of the Faroe Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125366774|Q125366774]]
| ''[[:d:Q125366774|administrative territorial entity of the Fatimid Caliphate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3148000|Q3148000]]
| ''[[:d:Q3148000|administrative territorial entity of the Federal District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65183274|Q65183274]]
| ''[[:d:Q65183274|administrative territorial entity of the Federal Republic of Central America]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q902647|Q902647]]
| ''[[:d:Q902647|administrative territorial entity of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17147946|Q17147946]]
| ''[[:d:Q17147946|administrative territorial entity of the First Mexican Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20973143|Q20973143]]
| ''[[:d:Q20973143|administrative territorial entity of the First Spanish Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631093|Q7631093]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631093|administrative territorial entity of the Gambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55292|Q55292]]
| ''[[:d:Q55292|administrative territorial entity of the German Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057706|Q4057706]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057706|administrative territorial entity of the Great Duchy of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20477540|Q20477540]]
| ''[[:d:Q20477540|administrative territorial entity of the Holy Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502463|Q3502463]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502463|administrative territorial entity of the Isle of Man]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51674872|Q51674872]]
| ''[[:d:Q51674872|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Bavaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20973135|Q20973135]]
| ''[[:d:Q20973135|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hanover]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17308973|Q17308973]]
| ''[[:d:Q17308973|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Holland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15726223|Q15726223]]
| ''[[:d:Q15726223|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15621887|Q15621887]]
| ''[[:d:Q15621887|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976625|Q3976625]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976625|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88535694|Q88535694]]
| ''[[:d:Q88535694|Administrative territorial entity of the kingdom of Württemberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1151887|Q1151887]]
| ''[[:d:Q1151887|administrative territorial entity of the Maldives]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15647623|Q15647623]]
| ''[[:d:Q15647623|administrative territorial entity of the Marshall Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11088057|Q11088057]]
| ''[[:d:Q11088057|administrative territorial entity of the Ming dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2072997|Q2072997]]
| ''[[:d:Q2072997|administrative territorial entity of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18227834|Q18227834]]
| ''[[:d:Q18227834|administrative territorial entity of the NKAO]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18227833|Administrative territorial entity of the Azerbaijani SSR]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1993723|Q1993723]]
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50231|Q50231]]
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4533035|list of Chinese administrative divisions by ethnic group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6567040|list of Chinese administrative divisions by illiteracy rate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6567042|list of Chinese administrative divisions by natural growth rate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6567041|list of Chinese provincial-level divisions by life expectancy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10874470|list of Chinese administrative divisions by disposable income per capita]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6567035|list of Chinese administrative divisions by gender ratio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6567033|list of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3267819|list of Chinese administrative divisions by Human Development Index]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6567047|list of Chinese administrative divisions by tax revenues]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q169938|list of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1854461|list of Chinese administrative divisions by population density]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1854463|list of Chinese administrative divisions by population]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1415562|list of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q285921|list of Chinese administrative divisions by highest point]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41720083|Q41720083]]
| ''[[:d:Q41720083|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2358894|former administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1350310|Q1350310]]
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64606162|Q64606162]]
| ''[[:d:Q64606162|administrative territorial entity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2635421|Q2635421]]
| ''[[:d:Q2635421|administrative territorial entity of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50218|Q50218]]
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28035482|Q28035482]]
| ''[[:d:Q28035482|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of Crimea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27969979|administrative division of Crimea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604885|Q604885]]
| ''[[:d:Q604885|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of Dagestan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4161597|Q4161597]]
| ''[[:d:Q4161597|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15644911|Q15644911]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q100205512|administrative territorial entity of ancient Rome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17310396|Q17310396]]
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18285135|Q18285135]]
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41664453|Q41664453]]
| ''[[:d:Q41664453|administrative territorial entity of the Safavid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132732881|Q132732881]]
| ''[[:d:Q132732881|administrative territorial entity of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18330719|Q18330719]]
| ''[[:d:Q18330719|administrative territorial entity of the Second Polish Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15643925|Q15643925]]
| ''[[:d:Q15643925|administrative territorial entity of the Solomon Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4204491|Q4204491]]
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17147964|Q17147964]]
| ''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038184|Q112038184]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038184|administrative territorial entity of the State of Rio de Janeiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10922837|Q10922837]]
| ''[[:d:Q10922837|administrative territorial entity of the Tang dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15642555|Q15642555]]
| ''[[:d:Q15642555|administrative territorial entity of the Turks and Caicos Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2037172|Q2037172]]
| ''[[:d:Q2037172|administrative territorial entity of the Ukrainian SSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127904017|Q127904017]]
| ''[[:d:Q127904017|administrative territorial entity of the Umayyad Caliphate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q843555|Q843555]]
| ''[[:d:Q843555|administrative territorial entity of the United Arab Emirates]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q717478|Q717478]]
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283494|Q5283494]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283494|administrative territorial entity of the United States Virgin Islands]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11387891|Q11387891]]
| ''[[:d:Q11387891|administrative territorial entity of the Yuan Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19868901|Q19868901]]
| ''[[:d:Q19868901|administrative territorial entity of Tocantins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631084|Q7631084]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631084|administrative territorial entity of Togo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1344042|Q1344042]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344042|administrative territorial entity of Tonga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20732236|Q20732236]]
| ''[[:d:Q20732236|administrative territorial entity of Trinidad and Tobago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631079|Q7631079]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631079|administrative territorial entity of Tunisia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q905577|Q905577]]
| ''[[:d:Q905577|administrative territorial entity of Tuva]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6052783|Q6052783]]
| ''[[:d:Q6052783|administrative territorial entity of Tuvalu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6697142|Q6697142]]
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q203323|Q203323]]
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15620020|Q15620020]]
| ''[[:d:Q15620020|administrative territorial entity of Uruguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17379825|Q17379825]]
| ''[[:d:Q17379825|administrative territorial entity of Utah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631083|Q7631083]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631083|administrative territorial entity of Uzbekistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16766456|Q16766456]]
| ''[[:d:Q16766456|administrative territorial entity of Vanuatu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q884030|Q884030]]
| ''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50202|Q50202]]
| ''[[:d:Q50202|administrative territorial entity of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91153725|Q91153725]]
| ''[[:d:Q91153725|administrative territorial entity of Villa Nueva City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91153391|administrative territorial entity of a department of Guatemala]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7225123|Q7225123]]
| ''[[:d:Q7225123|administrative territorial entity of Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42576917|Q42576917]]
| ''[[:d:Q42576917|administrative territorial entity of Washington]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7225124|Q7225124]]
| ''[[:d:Q7225124|administrative territorial entity of Wisconsin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q558941|Q558941]]
| ''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q650605|Q650605]]
| ''[[:d:Q650605|administrative territorial entity of Zambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976660|Q3976660]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976660|administrative territorial entity of Zimbabwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2916486|Q2916486]]
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141224838|Q141224838]]
| ''[[:d:Q141224838|administrative unit of a municipality in Georgia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q244339|administrative territorial entity of Georgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25569123|Q25569123]]
| ''[[:d:Q25569123|administrative unit of Tirana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5154045|Communes of Albania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12584174|Q12584174]]
| ''[[:d:Q12584174|administrative units of Goryeo]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10401396|Q10401396]]
| ''[[:d:Q10401396|administrative village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16970488|Q16970488]]
| ''[[:d:Q16970488|adulterine castle]]''
| [[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1456832|violation of law]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4073663|Q4073663]]
| ''[[:d:Q4073663|advance airfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24931968|Q24931968]]
| ''[[:d:Q24931968|Advanced development territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124738082|Q124738082]]
| ''[[:d:Q124738082|Advanced Regionalization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q428148|regulation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18289904|Q18289904]]
| ''[[:d:Q18289904|advanced unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1686959|underground infrastructure system]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107452323|Q107452323]]
| ''[[:d:Q107452323|Aermotor LL-25]]''
| ''[[:d:Q748998|fire lookout tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929058|product model]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107452318|Q107452318]]
| ''[[:d:Q107452318|Aermotor LS-40]]''
| ''[[:d:Q748998|fire lookout tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929058|product model]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107452186|Q107452186]]
| ''[[:d:Q107452186|Aermotor MC-39]]''
| ''[[:d:Q748998|fire lookout tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929058|product model]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17173220|Q17173220]]
| ''[[:d:Q17173220|Aerobar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1256453|moored balloon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q187456|bar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570116|attraction touristic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1824065|Q1824065]]
| ''[[:d:Q1824065|Afdeling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2714042|Residency]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1843439|Q1843439]]
| ''[[:d:Q1843439|afdeling van Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67027287|chapter]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q389984|Q389984]]
| ''[[:d:Q389984|agadir]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q114768|granary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12369469|communal granary]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124436392|Q124436392]]
| ''[[:d:Q124436392|agata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4691828|Q4691828]]
| ''[[:d:Q4691828|age-restricted community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q985488|residential community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4691986|Q4691986]]
| ''[[:d:Q4691986|agency of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17166730|Q17166730]]
| ''[[:d:Q17166730|agency of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q159321|Q159321]]
| ''[[:d:Q159321|agglomeration community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18706073|public institution of intermunicipal cooperation with own taxation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4056979|Q4056979]]
| ''[[:d:Q4056979|agglomeration of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q159313|urban agglomeration]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1561418|Q1561418]]
| ''[[:d:Q1561418|agreed administrative community in Baden-Württemberg, Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520712|administrative co-operation in Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520712|administrative co-operation in Germany]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41790171|Q41790171]]
| ''[[:d:Q41790171|agricultural comarca of Madrid Community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1989945|Q1989945]]
| ''[[:d:Q1989945|agrotown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21856567|agro-town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136308982|Q136308982]]
| ''[[:d:Q136308982|ahupua'a of Oahu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2827738|ahupuaʻa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2827738|Q2827738]]
| ''[[:d:Q2827738|ahupuaʻa]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2827758|Q2827758]]
| ''[[:d:Q2827758|ai no shuku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1209783|shukuba]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65274067|町場]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3187075|Q3187075]]
| ''[[:d:Q3187075|aimag]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4698330|Q4698330]]
| ''[[:d:Q4698330|air force academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4273133|flight school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4697942|Q4697942]]
| ''[[:d:Q4697942|Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q489983|Reserve Officers' Training Corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120333800|training course]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137222218|Q137222218]]
| ''[[:d:Q137222218|air force university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137222214|military aviation university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130388971|type of university]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20788294|Q20788294]]
| ''[[:d:Q20788294|air raid shelter adit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58917|adit]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q389959|Q389959]]
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q695850|Q695850]]
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62447|aerodrome]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11597541|list of military airbases]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10426743|Q10426743]]
| ''[[:d:Q10426743|Airbase 60]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10426742|Q10426742]]
| ''[[:d:Q10426742|Airbase 90]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92547605|Q92547605]]
| ''[[:d:Q92547605|airbase annex]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129730229|Q129730229]]
| ''[[:d:Q129730229|akimat of city of regional significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4059489|Akimat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1565700|Q1565700]]
| ''[[:d:Q1565700|Al-'Awasim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28716272|Q28716272]]
| ''[[:d:Q28716272|Al-Qurayyat (province)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108847708|former province of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15728204|province of Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105546842|Q105546842]]
| ''[[:d:Q105546842|Al-Rif in Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105546855|subdistrict of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498896|Q101498896]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498896|Alabama Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499009|Q101499009]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499009|Alabama Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13195381|Q13195381]]
| ''[[:d:Q13195381|alariu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498893|Q101498893]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498893|Alaska Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499005|Q101499005]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499005|Alaska Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5662475|Q5662475]]
| ''[[:d:Q5662475|albacara]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55713852|resthouse]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q989946|shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2658979|Q2658979]]
| ''[[:d:Q2658979|Albanian principalities]]''
| [[Principato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3307670|Q3307670]]
| ''[[:d:Q3307670|albarrana tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18285253|Q18285253]]
| ''[[:d:Q18285253|Alberta special area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4712904|Q4712904]]
| ''[[:d:Q4712904|Alcaldía mayor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107484850|Q107484850]]
| ''[[:d:Q107484850|alcaldía mayor]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91717|Q91717]]
| ''[[:d:Q91717|alcazaba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7743|home]]''<br/>[[monumento]]<br/>[[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q89468|kasbah]]''<br/>[[Citadella]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5375326|enceinte]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q613611|Q613611]]
| ''[[:d:Q613611|alcázar]]''
| [[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7743|home]]''<br/>[[palatio]]<br/>[[Citadella]]<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7265965|qal'a]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q89691|ksar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98795663|fortified palace]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412758|Q25412758]]
| ''[[:d:Q25412758|aldea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25412751|rural entity in Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113160617|Q113160617]]
| ''[[:d:Q113160617|aldea of Honduras]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15097620|administrative territorial entity of Honduras]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15097620|administrative territorial entity of Honduras]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115819921|Q115819921]]
| ''[[:d:Q115819921|aldeas viejas de Vitoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105431749|Q105431749]]
| ''[[:d:Q105431749|aldeia of East Timor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6052777|administrative territorial entity of East Timor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26824|Q26824]]
| ''[[:d:Q26824|Alentejo region]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455656|region of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q618123|geographical feature]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4726489|Q4726489]]
| ''[[:d:Q4726489|alien priory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2750108|priory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4730092|Q4730092]]
| ''[[:d:Q4730092|all round defence]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91764|military trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115250726|Q115250726]]
| ''[[:d:Q115250726|Allan Williams turret]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6502179|turret]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4732242|Q4732242]]
| ''[[:d:Q4732242|Allgemeine-SS Order of Battle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11167066|order of battle]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65131977|Q65131977]]
| ''[[:d:Q65131977|Almaty District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21658093|Districts of Aktobe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q129791543|district of a city of regional significance in Kazakhstan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60828568|Q60828568]]
| ''[[:d:Q60828568|almiradío]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5670577|Q5670577]]
| ''[[:d:Q5670577|alqueria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q489357|farmhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2479824|Q2479824]]
| ''[[:d:Q2479824|altepetl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16562419|political entity]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130983611|Q130983611]]
| ''[[:d:Q130983611|Alto Tarauacá indigenous land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6024666|indigenous territory of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10395987|Environmental Protection Area in Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55463514|tribal area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4291381|Q4291381]]
| ''[[:d:Q4291381|amalgamated hromada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104841013|hromada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17853087|union]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28714923|Q28714923]]
| ''[[:d:Q28714923|Amanate of 'Asir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20390237|Q20390237]]
| ''[[:d:Q20390237|Amanate of Al-Ahsa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111448683|Q111448683]]
| ''[[:d:Q111448683|Amanate of Al-Jouf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68168072|Q68168072]]
| ''[[:d:Q68168072|Amanate of Al-Madinah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111448689|Q111448689]]
| ''[[:d:Q111448689|Amanate of Al-Qassim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111448673|Q111448673]]
| ''[[:d:Q111448673|Amanate of Al-Taif]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85869928|Q85869928]]
| ''[[:d:Q85869928|Amanate of Eastern Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111448672|Q111448672]]
| ''[[:d:Q111448672|Amanate of Hael]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111448684|Q111448684]]
| ''[[:d:Q111448684|Amanate of Hafr Al-Batin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111603208|Q111603208]]
| ''[[:d:Q111603208|Amanate of Jazan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12180501|Q12180501]]
| ''[[:d:Q12180501|Amanate of Jeddah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111448682|Q111448682]]
| ''[[:d:Q111448682|Amanate of Najran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109619430|Q109619430]]
| ''[[:d:Q109619430|Amanate of Northern Borders]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12180502|Q12180502]]
| ''[[:d:Q12180502|Amanate of Riyadh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109551167|Q109551167]]
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21619677|amanate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111448674|Q111448674]]
| ''[[:d:Q111448674|Amanate of Tabuk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q456579|Q456579]]
| ''[[:d:Q456579|ambacht]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2752458|administrative type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5501198|Q5501198]]
| ''[[:d:Q5501198|Ambachtsheerlijkheid Alphen en Rietveld]]''
| ''[[:d:Q456579|ambacht]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q166247|Q166247]]
| ''[[:d:Q166247|American Viticultural Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2140699|wine-producing region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5730278|Q5730278]]
| ''[[:d:Q5730278|Amigo Blockhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82101|blockhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127229284|Q127229284]]
| ''[[:d:Q127229284|Ammany of Brussels]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2153495|Q2153495]]
| ''[[:d:Q2153495|ammunition dump]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63313760|weapons depot]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q181623|warehouse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q182875|Q182875]]
| ''[[:d:Q182875|amphictyonic league]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q475061|Q475061]]
| ''[[:d:Q475061|amphoe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124260056|Q124260056]]
| ''[[:d:Q124260056|Ampin Shichō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65654791|Category:台灣日治時期的支廳]]''
| ''[[:d:Q850450|subprefecture of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2324785|Q2324785]]
| ''[[:d:Q2324785|Amsterdam as a gay capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q399445|Q399445]]
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q478847|Q478847]]
| ''[[:d:Q478847|Amt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15782973|Q15782973]]
| ''[[:d:Q15782973|Amt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15782974|Q15782974]]
| ''[[:d:Q15782974|Amt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31883575|Q31883575]]
| ''[[:d:Q31883575|amt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56292881|Q56292881]]
| ''[[:d:Q56292881|Amt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136679833|Q136679833]]
| ''[[:d:Q136679833|Amt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20973135|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hanover]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15782973|Amt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683371|Q20683371]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683371|amt of Duchy of Berg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683403|Q20683403]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683403|amt of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q480225|Q480225]]
| ''[[:d:Q480225|Amtei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17277975|Q17277975]]
| ''[[:d:Q17277975|Amtei of the canton of Solothurn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631099|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Solothurn]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q315023|Q315023]]
| ''[[:d:Q315023|Amtsbezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42890422|Q42890422]]
| ''[[:d:Q42890422|Amtsbezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q481184|Q481184]]
| ''[[:d:Q481184|Amtshauptmannschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15621887|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Saxony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q853309|Q853309]]
| ''[[:d:Q853309|Anatolian beyliks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96354653|beylik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q94123319|Q94123319]]
| ''[[:d:Q94123319|anchor pole]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4752944|Q4752944]]
| ''[[:d:Q4752944|ancient borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25506537|Q25506537]]
| ''[[:d:Q25506537|ancient castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q836688|Q836688]]
| ''[[:d:Q836688|ancient Chinese state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6841804|list of states in Zhou Dynasty]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15661340|Q15661340]]
| ''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q22674925|former settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11901695|Q11901695]]
| ''[[:d:Q11901695|ancient county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3078458|Q3078458]]
| ''[[:d:Q3078458|ancient Greek fortress]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6431764|Q6431764]]
| ''[[:d:Q6431764|ancient mountain fortress in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135671054|Q135671054]]
| ''[[:d:Q135671054|ancient Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3932035|Q3932035]]
| ''[[:d:Q3932035|ancient Roman client kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q100205512|administrative territorial entity of ancient Rome]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122144173|Q122144173]]
| ''[[:d:Q122144173|Ancient Somali City-States]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26882883|Q26882883]]
| ''[[:d:Q26882883|Anderson shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132705785|Q132705785]]
| ''[[:d:Q132705785|Anexo:Ciudades de Taiwán por población]]''
| [[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q195554|list of cities in Taiwan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18917976|Q18917976]]
| ''[[:d:Q18917976|Anglican diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109516743|Protestant diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111309501|Q111309501]]
| ''[[:d:Q111309501|Anglican province]]''
| [[Ecclesia]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58766543|Q58766543]]
| ''[[:d:Q58766543|annexförsamling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1353951|Q1353951]]
| ''[[:d:Q1353951|Antarctic France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13418847|historical event]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111235034|Q111235034]]
| ''[[:d:Q111235034|Antarctic gateway cities]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q29428403|pentad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123905961|Q123905961]]
| ''[[:d:Q123905961|anti-aircraft battery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q74219295|Q74219295]]
| ''[[:d:Q74219295|anti-aircraft battery of the German Navy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74218597|flakbatterie]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124822892|Q124822892]]
| ''[[:d:Q124822892|Anti-Aircraft Operations Rooms]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1772543|command center]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2047311|Q2047311]]
| ''[[:d:Q2047311|anti-tank trench]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2801289|anti-tank obstacle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q88480|moat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14453195|Q14453195]]
| ''[[:d:Q14453195|anti-tank wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42948|wall]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140933676|Q140933676]]
| ''[[:d:Q140933676|antic municipi de Bèlgica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q493522|municipality of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2785216|municipality section]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q378636|village with a church]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2610037|Q2610037]]
| ''[[:d:Q2610037|antiguo sistema neerlandés de fortificaciones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3390714|stronghold]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3913680|Q3913680]]
| ''[[:d:Q3913680|Antillengemeente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2039348|municipality of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3685476|Q3685476]]
| ''[[:d:Q3685476|antique municipalitate de Italia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''<br/>[[Communa de Italia|municipalitate de Italia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q618846|Q618846]]
| ''[[:d:Q618846|apoikia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q69391739|Greek colony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q148837|polis]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1431554|Q1431554]]
| ''[[:d:Q1431554|apostolic administration]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3732788|Q3732788]]
| ''[[:d:Q3732788|apostolic exarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5853012|Eastern Catholic exarchat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q620225|apostolic vicariate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q384003|Q384003]]
| ''[[:d:Q384003|apostolic prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42848619|Q42848619]]
| ''[[:d:Q42848619|Apostolisches Feldvikariat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91450105|military vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123696317|suppressed apostolic vicariate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16351639|Q16351639]]
| ''[[:d:Q16351639|aprūpes ciems]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22580836|village in Latvia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24036024|Q24036024]]
| ''[[:d:Q24036024|apylinkė]]''
| ''[[:d:Q772123|administrative territorial entity of Lithuania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27002|selsoviet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28942323|Q28942323]]
| ''[[:d:Q28942323|aquatic reserve of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111594395|Aquatic Reserve]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3811245|Q3811245]]
| ''[[:d:Q3811245|Arab Jund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q580112|military district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16331596|Q16331596]]
| ''[[:d:Q16331596|archdeaconry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27926885|Q27926885]]
| ''[[:d:Q27926885|archdeanery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2072238|Q2072238]]
| ''[[:d:Q2072238|archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2288631|Q2288631]]
| ''[[:d:Q2288631|archeparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3732792|Q3732792]]
| ''[[:d:Q3732792|archiepiscopal exarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5853012|Eastern Catholic exarchat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104964763|Q104964763]]
| ''[[:d:Q104964763|Archiepiscopal Metropolitan See]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105406193|Roman Catholic archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11815167|Q11815167]]
| ''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''
| [[stato insular]]<br/>[[archipelago]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4070771|Q4070771]]
| ''[[:d:Q4070771|archipelagic waters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1663988|internal water]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30749622|Q30749622]]
| ''[[:d:Q30749622|archpriesthood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20826541|Q20826541]]
| ''[[:d:Q20826541|arcidiocesi maggiore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105072138|Catholic archdiocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85635630|Q85635630]]
| ''[[:d:Q85635630|urban district of North Rhine-Westphalia]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106889447|Q106889447]]
| ''[[:d:Q106889447|ardiaconate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6974492|Q6974492]]
| ''[[:d:Q6974492|Area C]]''
| ''[[:d:Q575187|Israeli-occupied territories]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116691874|Q116691874]]
| ''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q640452|Q640452]]
| ''[[:d:Q640452|area committee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1907114|Q1907114]]
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14811181|Q14811181]]
| ''[[:d:Q14811181|area not part of a municipality of Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55260272|Q55260272]]
| ''[[:d:Q55260272|area of Kuwait]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644788|administrative territorial entity of Kuwait]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2755753|Q2755753]]
| ''[[:d:Q2755753|area of London]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48907157|section of populated place]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q21559589|list of areas of London]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4788676|Q4788676]]
| ''[[:d:Q4788676|area of responsibility]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12813115|Q12813115]]
| [[Areas urban de Svedia|area urban de Svedia]]
| ''[[:d:Q6566301|urban area in Nordic countries]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15700808|urban unit definition]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2027366|list of urban areas in Sweden]]''
| Definition: population => 200, distantia inter edificios < 200 m
|-
| [[:d:Q3622070|Q3622070]]
| ''[[:d:Q3622070|Area vasta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1225109|Q1225109]]
| ''[[:d:Q1225109|area-state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1400303|territorial state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498900|Q101498900]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498900|Arizona Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499013|Q101499013]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499013|Arizona Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4791486|Q4791486]]
| ''[[:d:Q4791486|Arizona legislative district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498897|Q101498897]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498897|Arkansas Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499010|Q101499010]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499010|Arkansas Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10418058|Q10418058]]
| ''[[:d:Q10418058|arkli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q63313760|weapons depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q181623|warehouse]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13052937|Q13052937]]
| ''[[:d:Q13052937|Armenian Apostolic Church diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6469514|Oriental Orthodox diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11743554|Q11743554]]
| ''[[:d:Q11743554|armored dome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79119969|Q79119969]]
| ''[[:d:Q79119969|armory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q180516|room]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11658670|Q11658670]]
| ''[[:d:Q11658670|army academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136532561|Q136532561]]
| ''[[:d:Q136532561|army airforce hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136558797|Q136558797]]
| ''[[:d:Q136558797|army base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62934160|military unit class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10945946|Q10945946]]
| ''[[:d:Q10945946|Army Infantry School]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7432476|military infantry school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15934131|Q15934131]]
| ''[[:d:Q15934131|army middle school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15941048|Q15941048]]
| ''[[:d:Q15941048|army primary school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42058516|Q42058516]]
| ''[[:d:Q42058516|army training center (Bundeswehr)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66737422|German Army unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62933848|military unit branch-type class]]''
| ''[[:d:Q190877|list of army training centers (Bundeswehr)]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104054367|Q104054367]]
| ''[[:d:Q104054367|arrondissement de la République du Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4161597|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140835258|Q140835258]]
| ''[[:d:Q140835258|arrondissement municipal du Gabon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137351702|Q137351702]]
| ''[[:d:Q137351702|arrondissement métropolitain de l'Église constitutionnelle en France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3623867|Q3623867]]
| ''[[:d:Q3623867|arrondissement of Benin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502443|administrative territorial entity of Benin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106698210|Q106698210]]
| ''[[:d:Q106698210|arrondissement of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q194203|Q194203]]
| ''[[:d:Q194203|arrondissement of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1665357|Q1665357]]
| ''[[:d:Q1665357|arrondissement of Haiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1779026|administrative territorial entity of Haiti]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q23925382|Q23925382]]
| ''[[:d:Q23925382|arrondissement of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2424478|Q2424478]]
| ''[[:d:Q2424478|arrondissement of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91028|Q91028]]
| ''[[:d:Q91028|arrondissements of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4796085|Q4796085]]
| ''[[:d:Q4796085|Arrondissements of Mali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520541|administrative territorial entity of Mali]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81669|Q81669]]
| ''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q712974|Q712974]]
| ''[[:d:Q712974|Artillerieschule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q42058516|army training center (Bundeswehr)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q42908058|artillery academy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42908058|Q42908058]]
| ''[[:d:Q42908058|artillery academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113481408|military training establishment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56344492|Q56344492]]
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134496690|facility type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826332|Q61826332]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826332|artillery casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39535649|Q39535649]]
| ''[[:d:Q39535649|artillery fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5704775|Q5704775]]
| ''[[:d:Q5704775|artillery magazine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q63313760|weapons depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134496690|facility type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110103530|Q110103530]]
| ''[[:d:Q110103530|artillery maintenance facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21573573|military maintenance facility]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113493738|maintenance facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11863090|Q11863090]]
| ''[[:d:Q11863090|artillery observatory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61977851|Q61977851]]
| ''[[:d:Q61977851|artillery range]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4073603|Q4073603]]
| ''[[:d:Q4073603|ashkharh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3455666|list of provinces of Greater Armenia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4808645|Q4808645]]
| ''[[:d:Q4808645|assembleia municipal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11774263|Q11774263]]
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q666943|Q666943]]
| ''[[:d:Q666943|associated commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1138279|Q1138279]]
| ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2707796|Q2707796]]
| ''[[:d:Q2707796|association of French communes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120669547|association of local authorities]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120669547|Q120669547]]
| ''[[:d:Q120669547|association of local authorities]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3153117|local government cooperation]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q531230|Q531230]]
| ''[[:d:Q531230|association of local governments in Iberia]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q120669547|association of local authorities]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128193315|Q128193315]]
| ''[[:d:Q128193315|atabegate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q756540|Q756540]]
| ''[[:d:Q756540|Atlantic pockets]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3390714|stronghold]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q757549|Q757549]]
| ''[[:d:Q757549|atoll of the Maldives]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151887|administrative territorial entity of the Maldives]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2611282|Q2611282]]
| ''[[:d:Q2611282|atolls of the Tokelau Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16078723|Q16078723]]
| ''[[:d:Q16078723|attached county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1289426|county of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28739697|former county of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q303598|Q303598]]
| ''[[:d:Q303598|Austrian colonies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1790360|colonial empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48801197|Q48801197]]
| ''[[:d:Q48801197|Austrian forts in the Polesine]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15954565|Q15954565]]
| ''[[:d:Q15954565|Austrian walled towns]]''
| ''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47091757|Q47091757]]
| ''[[:d:Q47091757|Auswendiger Zug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4826725|Q4826725]]
| ''[[:d:Q4826725|automotive city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1639378|social system]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4826838|Q4826838]]
| ''[[:d:Q4826838|autonomous administrative division of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4826842|Q4826842]]
| ''[[:d:Q4826842|Autonomous administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q788176|Q788176]]
| ''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1864837|list of autonomous areas by country]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1208927|Q1208927]]
| ''[[:d:Q1208927|autonomous administrative territorial entity of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q834614|Q834614]]
| ''[[:d:Q834614|autonomous banner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1208927|autonomous administrative territorial entity of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1094397|Q1094397]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094397|autonomous city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16532593|Q16532593]]
| ''[[:d:Q16532593|autonomous city of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094397|autonomous city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66724388|Q66724388]]
| ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''<br/>[[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1336099|Q1336099]]
| ''[[:d:Q1336099|autonomous county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1208927|autonomous administrative territorial entity of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q184122|Q184122]]
| ''[[:d:Q184122|autonomous district of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43263|federal subject of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20732232|Q20732232]]
| ''[[:d:Q20732232|autonomous island of the Comoros]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21073990|administrative territorial entity of the Comoros]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8776404|Q8776404]]
| ''[[:d:Q8776404|autonomous local entity of Andalusia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6348579|list of autonomous local entities of Andalusia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1048652|Q1048652]]
| ''[[:d:Q1048652|autonomous oblast]]''
| [[oblast]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12892398|communitate autonome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q499720|Q499720]]
| ''[[:d:Q499720|autonomous oblast of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048652|autonomous oblast]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q309166|Q309166]]
| ''[[:d:Q309166|autonomous oblast of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43263|federal subject of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048652|autonomous oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20867284|Q20867284]]
| ''[[:d:Q20867284|autonomous oblast of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q499720|autonomous oblast of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q788104|Q788104]]
| ''[[:d:Q788104|autonomous prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1208927|autonomous administrative territorial entity of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9316670|prefecture-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4826857|Q4826857]]
| ''[[:d:Q4826857|Autonomous province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15629146|Q15629146]]
| ''[[:d:Q15629146|autonomous province of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q782614|Q782614]]
| ''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57362|Q57362]]
| ''[[:d:Q57362|autonomous region of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q119608727|province-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1208927|autonomous administrative territorial entity of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2363197|Q2363197]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363197|autonomous region of Ecuador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15645212|administrative territorial entity of Ecuador]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135650554|Q135650554]]
| ''[[:d:Q135650554|autonomous region of Nicaragua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126956|administrative territorial entity of Nicaragua]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1977835|Q1977835]]
| ''[[:d:Q1977835|autonomous republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4393587|republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770225|Q65770225]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770225|autonomous republic of Russian SFSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788046|autonomous soviet socialist republic of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4826860|Q4826860]]
| ''[[:d:Q4826860|Autonomous republics of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1977835|autonomous republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q17325066|Q17325066]]
| ''[[:d:Q17325066|autonomous sector of Guinea-Bissau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631050|administrative territorial entity of Guinea-Bissau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q788046|Q788046]]
| ''[[:d:Q788046|autonomous soviet socialist republic of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115322755|Q115322755]]
| ''[[:d:Q115322755|Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q788046|autonomous soviet socialist republic of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4826865|Q4826865]]
| ''[[:d:Q4826865|autonomous territorial unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q542797|administrative territorial entity of Moldova]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11424278|Q11424278]]
| ''[[:d:Q11424278|autonomous ward (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424277|地域自治区の一覧]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q896881|Q896881]]
| ''[[:d:Q896881|average city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16355778|Q16355778]]
| ''[[:d:Q16355778|average-size village in Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22580836|village in Latvia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2874694|Q2874694]]
| ''[[:d:Q2874694|awrajja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q841364|Q841364]]
| ''[[:d:Q841364|Ayutthaya Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66752884|Q66752884]]
| ''[[:d:Q66752884|aza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65948724|neighborhood in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114839734|Q114839734]]
| ''[[:d:Q114839734|B casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q89521|casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2195171|Q2195171]]
| ''[[:d:Q2195171|B-work]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4837207|Q4837207]]
| ''[[:d:Q4837207|Bab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4842222|Q4842222]]
| ''[[:d:Q4842222|bahad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122437905|Q122437905]]
| ''[[:d:Q122437905|Bahnhofstraße 5 (Friedelsheim)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5375326|enceinte]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1284092|Q1284092]]
| ''[[:d:Q1284092|Bailiwick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4996207|Q4996207]]
| ''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17502520|Q17502520]]
| ''[[:d:Q17502520|bailiwick]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87743862|Q87743862]]
| ''[[:d:Q87743862|bailiwick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99528977|Q99528977]]
| ''[[:d:Q99528977|Bailiwick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98543318|Vogtei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16530982|Q16530982]]
| ''[[:d:Q16530982|Bailiwicks of Franche-Comté]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56315869|Q56315869]]
| ''[[:d:Q56315869|Baillie hospitalière]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q515483|Q515483]]
| ''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3333869|Q3333869]]
| ''[[:d:Q3333869|Balanced Metropolis]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12491027|Q12491027]]
| ''[[:d:Q12491027|Bali Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25241124|Q25241124]]
| ''[[:d:Q25241124|Baling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56692327|federal constituency of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56692327|federal constituency of Malaysia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136565287|Q136565287]]
| ''[[:d:Q136565287|Ballyphilip]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2151232|townland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1685108|Q1685108]]
| ''[[:d:Q1685108|Baltic governorates]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| [[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19939940|Q19939940]]
| ''[[:d:Q19939940|ban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66903706|Q66903706]]
| ''[[:d:Q66903706|banana producing countries]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q171751|Q171751]]
| ''[[:d:Q171751|banana republic]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q545779|pejorative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66762677|political term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q170143|Q170143]]
| ''[[:d:Q170143|Banat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q853168|Q853168]]
| ''[[:d:Q853168|Banate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11458389|feudal state]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67926990|Q67926990]]
| ''[[:d:Q67926990|bandar of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q806359|Q806359]]
| ''[[:d:Q806359|bandon]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038531|Q112038531]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038531|Bangu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q638626|Q638626]]
| ''[[:d:Q638626|banjar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141164518|fifth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2742167|religious community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q806869|Q806869]]
| ''[[:d:Q806869|banner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4856913|Q4856913]]
| ''[[:d:Q4856913|banner]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2077789|Q2077789]]
| ''[[:d:Q2077789|bannerij]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3307069|Q3307069]]
| ''[[:d:Q3307069|banteay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q190354|Q190354]]
| ''[[:d:Q190354|bantustan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q99541706|historical unrecognized state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1625987|Q1625987]]
| ''[[:d:Q1625987|bantustan of South West Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q190354|bantustan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12819365|Q12819365]]
| ''[[:d:Q12819365|bap]]''
| [[fortalessa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61878|Q61878]]
| [[barangay]]
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4858354|Q4858354]]
| ''[[:d:Q4858354|barangay]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1063239|polity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5402094|Q5402094]]
| ''[[:d:Q5402094|barbarian kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q99541706|historical unrecognized state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81697|Q81697]]
| ''[[:d:Q81697|barbette]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3635044|Q3635044]]
| ''[[:d:Q3635044|barmkin]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28493616|Q28493616]]
| ''[[:d:Q28493616|Baronnie de Fougères]]''
| ''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2884816|Q2884816]]
| ''[[:d:Q2884816|Baronnies du Gévaudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q223573|Q223573]]
| ''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q853565|Q853565]]
| ''[[:d:Q853565|barony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6607250|list of baronies of Ireland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58872171|Q58872171]]
| ''[[:d:Q58872171|baronía]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9008644|Ancient Regime of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q61478101|administrative territorial entity of the Crown of Castile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58872716|list of barons in the peerage of Spain]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038530|Q112038530]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038530|Barra da Tijuca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131263|Q131263]]
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16831714|government building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138196163|Q138196163]]
| ''[[:d:Q138196163|barracks building]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61960389|Q61960389]]
| ''[[:d:Q61960389|barracks in Bruges]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19562376|Q19562376]]
| ''[[:d:Q19562376|barracks in Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18481302|Q18481302]]
| ''[[:d:Q18481302|barrage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q207645|military tactics]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4863762|Q4863762]]
| ''[[:d:Q4863762|barrio of Barranquilla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136340116|neighborhood in Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75880277|Q75880277]]
| ''[[:d:Q75880277|barrio of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3677932|Q3677932]]
| ''[[:d:Q3677932|barrio of Puerto Rico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22065637|administrative subdivision of Puerto Rico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q17003740|list of communities in Puerto Rico]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110921777|Q110921777]]
| ''[[:d:Q110921777|barrio-pueblo of Puerto Rico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3677932|barrio of Puerto Rico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15303838|sede municipal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131145508|Q131145508]]
| ''[[:d:Q131145508|Barrios Mágicos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q210272|cultural heritage]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1371819|plan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30634609|heritage designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130436300|Q130436300]]
| ''[[:d:Q130436300|Barrios Mágicos del Estado de México]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131145508|Barrios Mágicos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22222786|government program]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30634609|heritage designation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570116|attraction touristic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4863756|Q4863756]]
| ''[[:d:Q4863756|Barrios Mágicos of Mexico City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131145508|Barrios Mágicos]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5148433|Mexico City colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22222786|government program]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30634609|heritage designation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570116|attraction touristic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15784920|Q15784920]]
| ''[[:d:Q15784920|BASA Bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138156554|Q138156554]]
| ''[[:d:Q138156554|base area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4866393|Q4866393]]
| ''[[:d:Q4866393|base end station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10901124|Q10901124]]
| ''[[:d:Q10901124|base exchange]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57334497|retail outlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1781058|Q1781058]]
| ''[[:d:Q1781058|bashkia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4866996|Q4866996]]
| ''[[:d:Q4866996|Basic People's Congress]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4580177|Q4580177]]
| ''[[:d:Q4580177|basic statistical unit]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q27096235|artificial geographic entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q11986461|listes des districts de base en Norvège]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q78053217|Q78053217]]
| ''[[:d:Q78053217|basic unit of settlement]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q329245|Q329245]]
| ''[[:d:Q329245|basic unit of settlement in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q78053217|basic unit of settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10426851|Q10426851]]
| ''[[:d:Q10426851|basområde]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3179682|Q3179682]]
| ''[[:d:Q3179682|Basque historical territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16950531|Q16950531]]
| ''[[:d:Q16950531|Basque señoríos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58683981|señorío]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12360218|Q12360218]]
| ''[[:d:Q12360218|Basteitorn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111972893|type of structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124790346|Q124790346]]
| ''[[:d:Q124790346|Bastia (fortificazione)]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q810652|Q810652]]
| ''[[:d:Q810652|bastide]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q940500|Q940500]]
| ''[[:d:Q940500|bastille]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81851|Q81851]]
| ''[[:d:Q81851|bastion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>[[edificio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66498489|Q66498489]]
| ''[[:d:Q66498489|bastions of the walls of Lucca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1416685|rampart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q35112127|historic building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4868359|Q4868359]]
| ''[[:d:Q4868359|bastle house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16838994|Q16838994]]
| ''[[:d:Q16838994|battery tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3636770|Q3636770]]
| ''[[:d:Q3636770|battifredo]]''
| [[Turre]]<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2539769|Q2539769]]
| ''[[:d:Q2539769|Bavarian Landtag electoral region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18226756|Landtag electoral district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61114631|Q61114631]]
| ''[[:d:Q61114631|Bavarian nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112072630|Q112072630]]
| ''[[:d:Q112072630|Beja Kingdoms]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q815448|Q815448]]
| [[belfredo]]
| [[Campanil]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122761687|Q122761687]]
| ''[[:d:Q122761687|Belgian annexation of German territory after World War II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15273785|Q15273785]]
| ''[[:d:Q15273785|Belgian municipality with the title of city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q493522|municipality of Belgium]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q188815|list of cities in Belgium]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2318846|Q2318846]]
| ''[[:d:Q2318846|Belgische wijnbouwgebieden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2140699|wine-producing region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12086153|Q12086153]]
| ''[[:d:Q12086153|Belgorod defensive line]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134528840|Q134528840]]
| ''[[:d:Q134528840|Bell Infrastructure Platform]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134263749|AI-powered infrastructure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134260478|infrastructure intelligence]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134529045|infrastructure platform]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111915474|Q111915474]]
| ''[[:d:Q111915474|belyak]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10546409|Q10546409]]
| ''[[:d:Q10546409|benmusho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2302643|Q2302643]]
| [[Bergfried]]
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20057438|Q20057438]]
| ''[[:d:Q20057438|bergfried-type castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117187958|Q117187958]]
| ''[[:d:Q117187958|Berlin police local directorate section]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111311457|Q111311457]]
| ''[[:d:Q111311457|Berlin Revierförsterei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15243227|Q15243227]]
| ''[[:d:Q15243227|beschermde stads- en dorpsgezichten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2023171|Q2023171]]
| ''[[:d:Q2023171|bestuurlijke indeling van Jekaterinenburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26197557|Q26197557]]
| ''[[:d:Q26197557|bestuurlijke indeling van Kerala]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117673701|Q117673701]]
| ''[[:d:Q117673701|Betreuungsforstamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q851293|Q851293]]
| ''[[:d:Q851293|Beutellehen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4899885|Q4899885]]
| ''[[:d:Q4899885|beylerbeylik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16207512|Q16207512]]
| ''[[:d:Q16207512|beylerbeyliks of the Safavid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41664453|administrative territorial entity of the Safavid Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96354653|Q96354653]]
| ''[[:d:Q96354653|beylik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2900452|Q2900452]]
| ''[[:d:Q2900452|beylik of Ottoman Algeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96354653|beylik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q264441|Q264441]]
| ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q854138|Q854138]]
| ''[[:d:Q854138|Bezirksamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q854140|Bezirksamt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q854140|Q854140]]
| ''[[:d:Q854140|Bezirksamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q854152|Q854152]]
| ''[[:d:Q854152|Bezirksamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q854140|Bezirksamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q854399|district authority]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48753654|Q48753654]]
| ''[[:d:Q48753654|Bezirksamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35590804|Q35590804]]
| ''[[:d:Q35590804|Bezirksamt Baden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q854140|Bezirksamt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56754679|Q56754679]]
| ''[[:d:Q56754679|Bezirksamt in Bayern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q854140|Bezirksamt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111336989|Q111336989]]
| ''[[:d:Q111336989|Bezirksregion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23787679|Q23787679]]
| ''[[:d:Q23787679|Bicycle friendly municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q618779|award]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107694889|Q107694889]]
| ''[[:d:Q107694889|Bicycle friendly municipality in Bavaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23787679|Bicycle friendly municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q618779|award]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q857260|Q857260]]
| ''[[:d:Q857260|Biehler Fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92080|polygonal fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75823353|Q75823353]]
| ''[[:d:Q75823353|Bierzo Alto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108454666|Q108454666]]
| ''[[:d:Q108454666|big city of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29045252|city of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1308509|Q1308509]]
| ''[[:d:Q1308509|billet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41615809|lodging]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q699405|dwelling]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q989946|shelter]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61453609|Q61453609]]
| ''[[:d:Q61453609|biosphere reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21296186|Q21296186]]
| ''[[:d:Q21296186|biosphere reserve in Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q158454|biosphere reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2244608|Q2244608]]
| ''[[:d:Q2244608|bird hide]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47524435|wildlife hide]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96102071|animal watching site]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6017969|scenic viewpoint]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3357796|Q3357796]]
| ''[[:d:Q3357796|birk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10501047|Q10501047]]
| ''[[:d:Q10501047|birth domicile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17334923|physical location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2641256|domicile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10501441|parish of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127448|communa svedese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2135465|legal term or legal concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29960985|Q29960985]]
| ''[[:d:Q29960985|bishop castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11152450|Q11152450]]
| ''[[:d:Q11152450|biskupství]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13081391|Q13081391]]
| ''[[:d:Q13081391|Bjelimići]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2906704|Q2906704]]
| ''[[:d:Q2906704|block]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3532042|Q3532042]]
| ''[[:d:Q3532042|block]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12206807|Q12206807]]
| ''[[:d:Q12206807|block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965920|Q65965920]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4927168|Q4927168]]
| ''[[:d:Q4927168|Block Panchayat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32360729|Q32360729]]
| ''[[:d:Q32360729|blockage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402346|field fortification]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q82101|Q82101]]
| ''[[:d:Q82101|blockhouse]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5903178|Q5903178]]
| ''[[:d:Q5903178|blood hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116938269|Q116938269]]
| ''[[:d:Q116938269|Board of works district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1010624|Q1010624]]
| ''[[:d:Q1010624|Boer republic]]''
| [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21039427|Q21039427]]
| ''[[:d:Q21039427|boma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17003536|Q17003536]]
| ''[[:d:Q17003536|bomb shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q989946|shelter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111972893|type of structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4940739|Q4940739]]
| ''[[:d:Q4940739|bombing range]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10887696|Q10887696]]
| ''[[:d:Q10887696|Bonded logistics park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16823819|Q16823819]]
| ''[[:d:Q16823819|Bongo Bongo Land]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q545779|pejorative]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q831021|Q831021]]
| ''[[:d:Q831021|Bonne Ville de l'Empire first class]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115148566|Q115148566]]
| ''[[:d:Q115148566|Bonne Ville de l'Empire second class]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115148578|Q115148578]]
| ''[[:d:Q115148578|Bonne Ville de l'Empire third class]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4943467|Q4943467]]
| ''[[:d:Q4943467|boomburb]]''
| [[citate]]
| [[parola-valise]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q474164|Q474164]]
| ''[[:d:Q474164|boomtown]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16069635|Q16069635]]
| ''[[:d:Q16069635|Boostkazerne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1314535|Q1314535]]
| ''[[:d:Q1314535|border barrier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27627826|separation barrier]]''<br/>[[Frontiera]]<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q902814|Q902814]]
| ''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1462482|Q1462482]]
| ''[[:d:Q1462482|border fortress]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137806170|Q137806170]]
| ''[[:d:Q137806170|border guard academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123958445|border guard unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q669269|Q669269]]
| ''[[:d:Q669269|border state]]''
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
| ''[[:d:Q80765736|historic term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4944647|Q4944647]]
| ''[[:d:Q4944647|Border states]]''
| ''[[:d:Q587252|buffer state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2910756|Q2910756]]
| ''[[:d:Q2910756|bordj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2776067|Q2776067]]
| ''[[:d:Q2776067|borg]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119700154|Q119700154]]
| ''[[:d:Q119700154|Borgo franco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4945514|Q4945514]]
| ''[[:d:Q4945514|boriwen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5195043|Q5195043]]
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19905455|Q19905455]]
| ''[[:d:Q19905455|borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3245968|list of boroughs in Quebec]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1006876|Q1006876]]
| ''[[:d:Q1006876|borough in the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4946305|Q4946305]]
| ''[[:d:Q4946305|borough in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410522|Q13410522]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410522|borough of Alaska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17361393|administrative territorial entity of Alaska]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4946305|borough in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q47184|list of boroughs and census areas in Alaska]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15079751|Q15079751]]
| ''[[:d:Q15079751|borough of Amsterdam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2779745|urban district of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q821435|Q821435]]
| ''[[:d:Q821435|borough of Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q163884|list of boroughs and localities of Berlin]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927244|Q3927244]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927244|borough of Bologna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16751551|Q16751551]]
| ''[[:d:Q16751551|borough of Brescia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4946304|Q4946304]]
| ''[[:d:Q4946304|borough of Connecticut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683520|administrative territorial entity of Connecticut]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4946305|borough in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18600372|Q18600372]]
| ''[[:d:Q18600372|borough of Dresden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2333944|statistical city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927247|Q3927247]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927247|borough of Florence]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q278976|Q278976]]
| ''[[:d:Q278976|borough of Hamburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29925520|Q29925520]]
| ''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q578521|Q578521]]
| ''[[:d:Q578521|borough of Montreal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19905455|borough]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q253270|Q253270]]
| ''[[:d:Q253270|borough of Munich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2911266|Q2911266]]
| ''[[:d:Q2911266|borough of New Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54115138|municipality of New Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4946305|borough in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126720029|Q126720029]]
| ''[[:d:Q126720029|borough of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1770467|Q1770467]]
| ''[[:d:Q1770467|borough of Oslo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42723927|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q777120|Q777120]]
| ''[[:d:Q777120|borough of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4946305|borough in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16192171|list of boroughs in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032107|Q3032107]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032107|Boroughs and districts of Gothenburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q408804|Q408804]]
| [[Boroughs de New York]]
| ''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4946305|borough in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4946361|Q4946361]]
| ''[[:d:Q4946361|Boroughs of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3867169|Q3867169]]
| ''[[:d:Q3867169|Boroughs of Catania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13081440|Q13081440]]
| ''[[:d:Q13081440|Bosansko Primorje]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25340956|Q25340956]]
| ''[[:d:Q25340956|Bosnia (early medieval)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16085106|local administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11458389|feudal state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2791533|Q2791533]]
| ''[[:d:Q2791533|bourgeois democracy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10275411|bourgeois state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10275411|Q10275411]]
| ''[[:d:Q10275411|bourgeois state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1047046|Q1047046]]
| ''[[:d:Q1047046|Bourges casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q89521|casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11272590|Q11272590]]
| ''[[:d:Q11272590|branch domain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q841985|han]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11625999|Q11625999]]
| ''[[:d:Q11625999|Branch Secretariat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11387891|administrative territorial entity of the Yuan Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11498809|Q11498809]]
| ''[[:d:Q11498809|branch-office economy city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q135236751|Japanese local economic programs]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2523837|Q2523837]]
| ''[[:d:Q2523837|Brandenburg colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1424432|Q1424432]]
| ''[[:d:Q1424432|Brazil socio-geographic division]]''
| [[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3434769|macroregion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91745|Q91745]]
| ''[[:d:Q91745|breastwork]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32597970|Q32597970]]
| ''[[:d:Q32597970|Bremerhaven district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q996354|Q996354]]
| ''[[:d:Q996354|bridge castle]]''
| [[ponte]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1970243|Lowland Castle]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q996564|Q996564]]
| ''[[:d:Q996564|bridge tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q53060|gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q996524|Q996524]]
| ''[[:d:Q996524|bridgehead]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2178898|Q2178898]]
| ''[[:d:Q2178898|British colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15379753|Q15379753]]
| ''[[:d:Q15379753|British Dependent Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4970338|Q4970338]]
| ''[[:d:Q4970338|British Military Hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46395|Q46395]]
| ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107721276|overseas territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21479969|Q21479969]]
| ''[[:d:Q21479969|British protectorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q164142|protectorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55774398|Q55774398]]
| ''[[:d:Q55774398|bruksförsamling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q997621|Q997621]]
| ''[[:d:Q997621|bucak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132130388|Q132130388]]
| ''[[:d:Q132130388|Buckinghamshire Council Community Board]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4358176|council]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30223890|Q30223890]]
| ''[[:d:Q30223890|Budynek forteczny]]''
| [[fortification]]
| [[edificio]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q587252|Q587252]]
| ''[[:d:Q587252|buffer state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27169777|Q27169777]]
| ''[[:d:Q27169777|buitenleen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11545912|Q11545912]]
| ''[[:d:Q11545912|buke-ryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2067184|Q2067184]]
| ''[[:d:Q2067184|Bulgarian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q891475|Q891475]]
| ''[[:d:Q891475|bulwark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81851|bastion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1006002|Q1006002]]
| ''[[:d:Q1006002|Bundesfreies Gebiet]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q537250|Q537250]]
| ''[[:d:Q537250|Bundesstadt]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1009272|Q1009272]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009272|Bundeswehr hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q94734763|Q94734763]]
| ''[[:d:Q94734763|Bundeswehrstandort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91122|Q91122]]
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q618123|geographical feature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66740226|military term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2146144|Q2146144]]
| ''[[:d:Q2146144|bunkers along railway line 64]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q644335|Q644335]]
| ''[[:d:Q644335|bunkers in Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1009595|Q1009595]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009595|bunkers in Hamburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60966903|Q60966903]]
| ''[[:d:Q60966903|bunkhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11396088|Q11396088]]
| ''[[:d:Q11396088|bunkoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138685694|Q138685694]]
| ''[[:d:Q138685694|Bureau of Land Management district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q72082844|protected area section]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13446615|Q13446615]]
| ''[[:d:Q13446615|bureaucratic empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q254978|Q254978]]
| ''[[:d:Q254978|burgh]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4998628|Q4998628]]
| ''[[:d:Q4998628|burgh constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27971968|constituency of the House of Commons]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4998629|Q4998629]]
| ''[[:d:Q4998629|burgh of barony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q254978|burgh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12047623|Q12047623]]
| ''[[:d:Q12047623|burgraviate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2519340|administrative building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1015644|Q1015644]]
| ''[[:d:Q1015644|deserted castle site]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109607|ruins]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19860854|destroyed building or structure]]''<br/>[[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15790412|Q15790412]]
| ''[[:d:Q15790412|burgstall]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1016039|Q1016039]]
| ''[[:d:Q1016039|Burgsuchung]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q142085|Q142085]]
| ''[[:d:Q142085|burgus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88034|Q88034]]
| ''[[:d:Q88034|burh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q142085|burgus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10840672|Q10840672]]
| ''[[:d:Q10840672|Business core city (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494721|city of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q474818|Q474818]]
| ''[[:d:Q474818|business improvement district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1484611|Q1484611]]
| ''[[:d:Q1484611|buurtschap]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131840518|Q131840518]]
| ''[[:d:Q131840518|buyenzi district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11962720|Q11962720]]
| ''[[:d:Q11962720|bygningskommune]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10438274|Q10438274]]
| ''[[:d:Q10438274|byråd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11706385|Q11706385]]
| ''[[:d:Q11706385|Byzantine Catholic Patriarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124434520|Eastern Catholic patriarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81830252|Q81830252]]
| ''[[:d:Q81830252|Byzantine city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106810694|Q106810694]]
| ''[[:d:Q106810694|Byzantine province]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115662060|Q115662060]]
| ''[[:d:Q115662060|Bács-Kiskunsági Református Egyházmegye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109516743|Protestant diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28493861|Q28493861]]
| ''[[:d:Q28493861|Bâtie]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1019292|Q1019292]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019292|Bäuert]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64579301|Q64579301]]
| ''[[:d:Q64579301|Bétera City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22996476|ayuntamiento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114178|Q114178]]
| ''[[:d:Q114178|Bürgerkommune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125935293|Q125935293]]
| ''[[:d:Q125935293|Bürgerkriegsland]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1021233|Q1021233]]
| ''[[:d:Q1021233|Bürgermeisterei]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1021404|Q1021404]]
| ''[[:d:Q1021404|Bürgerschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q895526|governing body]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11656997|Q11656997]]
| ''[[:d:Q11656997|bōrui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402346|field fortification]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3049264|Q3049264]]
| ''[[:d:Q3049264|cabildo insular]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1024827|cabildo]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5738715|Q5738715]]
| ''[[:d:Q5738715|cacicazgo]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q133311|tribo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20871353|Q20871353]]
| ''[[:d:Q20871353|cadastral area in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137686263|Q137686263]]
| ''[[:d:Q137686263|cadastral area of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98104322|Q98104322]]
| ''[[:d:Q98104322|cadastral department]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18346622|Q18346622]]
| ''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17376095|Q17376095]]
| ''[[:d:Q17376095|cadastral municipality of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98497401|Q98497401]]
| ''[[:d:Q98497401|cadastral municipality of North Macedonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3395432|administrative territorial entity of North Macedonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28822032|Q28822032]]
| ''[[:d:Q28822032|cadastral municipality of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1720945|Q1720945]]
| ''[[:d:Q1720945|cadet academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5016401|Q5016401]]
| ''[[:d:Q5016401|cadet college]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12808582|military high school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q189004|college]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54552|cadet corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54552|Q54552]]
| ''[[:d:Q54552|cadet corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12808582|military high school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q159334|secondary school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1572070|youth organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134509280|Q134509280]]
| ''[[:d:Q134509280|cadet school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131401|Q131401]]
| ''[[:d:Q131401|califato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1052942|list of Muslim states and dynasties]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498902|Q101498902]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498902|California Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499017|Q101499017]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499017|California Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5020994|Q5020994]]
| ''[[:d:Q5020994|California State Assembly district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5021078|Q5021078]]
| ''[[:d:Q5021078|California State Senate district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61742203|Q61742203]]
| ''[[:d:Q61742203|Camp Jules Dominique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2153495|ammunition dump]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121811832|Q121811832]]
| ''[[:d:Q121811832|Camp of the Russian kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4439316|stan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17389992|Q17389992]]
| ''[[:d:Q17389992|Campo Entrincheirado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3390714|stronghold]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038532|Q112038532]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038532|Campo Grande]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43122553|Q43122553]]
| ''[[:d:Q43122553|Can Basses]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q585956|masia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2886620|Q2886620]]
| ''[[:d:Q2886620|Canadian Forces base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109828360|Q109828360]]
| ''[[:d:Q109828360|Canadian Senate division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q5030557|Canadian Senate divisions]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2311958|Q2311958]]
| [[canton]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
| unitate administrative in varie paises
|-
| [[:d:Q51726475|Q51726475]]
| ''[[:d:Q51726475|canton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15980675|administrative territorial entity of Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q824650|Q824650]]
| ''[[:d:Q824650|canton of Bolivia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q213918|administrative territorial entity of Bolivia]]''<br/>[[canton]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q953822|Q953822]]
| ''[[:d:Q953822|canton of Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3917124|administrative territorial entity of Costa Rica]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[canton]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q138298810|Liste der Kantone in Costa Rica]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1724017|Q1724017]]
| ''[[:d:Q1724017|canton of Ecuador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15645212|administrative territorial entity of Ecuador]]''<br/>[[canton]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q24074510|Anexo:Cantones de Ecuador]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1668607|Q1668607]]
| ''[[:d:Q1668607|canton of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[canton]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q184188|Q184188]]
| ''[[:d:Q184188|canton of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18524218|Q18524218]]
| ''[[:d:Q18524218|canton of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16009113|electoral district in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17305515|Q17305515]]
| ''[[:d:Q17305515|canton of Gran Colombia]]''
| [[canton]]
| ''[[:d:Q2878183|administrative territorial entity of Gran Colombia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1146429|Q1146429]]
| ''[[:d:Q1146429|canton of Luxembourg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2695008|administrative territorial entity of Luxembourg]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[canton]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65648446|type of administrative division of Luxembourg]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1463864|Q1463864]]
| ''[[:d:Q1463864|canton of Nogent-le-Roi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q184188|canton of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20825640|Q20825640]]
| ''[[:d:Q20825640|canton of Rojava]]''
| [[canton]]
| ''[[:d:Q12267454|administrative territorial entity of Syria]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18279|Q18279]]
| ''[[:d:Q18279|canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>[[canton]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20825630|Q20825630]]
| ''[[:d:Q20825630|canton of the First Spanish Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20973143|administrative territorial entity of the First Spanish Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17291456|Q17291456]]
| ''[[:d:Q17291456|canton of the Helvetic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22678370|Q22678370]]
| ''[[:d:Q22678370|canton of the Kingdom of Westphalia]]''
| [[canton]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4212660|Q4212660]]
| ''[[:d:Q4212660|canton of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21020546|Q21020546]]
| ''[[:d:Q21020546|canton of Togo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631084|administrative territorial entity of Togo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17260827|Q17260827]]
| ''[[:d:Q17260827|canton of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23058|Q23058]]
| [[cantones de Switza]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>[[canton]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
| entitates administrative constituente de Switza
|-
| [[:d:Q2543279|Q2543279]]
| ''[[:d:Q2543279|cantonment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q64490328|military housing]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5034013|Q5034013]]
| ''[[:d:Q5034013|cantonment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2543279|cantonment]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111212994|Q111212994]]
| ''[[:d:Q111212994|cantonment in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2543279|cantonment]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57178953|Q57178953]]
| ''[[:d:Q57178953|cantonment town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111212994|cantonment in India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20986707|Q20986707]]
| ''[[:d:Q20986707|cantred]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1033904|Q1033904]]
| ''[[:d:Q1033904|cantref]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105723504|Q105723504]]
| ''[[:d:Q105723504|cape shaped hillfort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5119|Q5119]]
| [[capital]]
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24342429|Q24342429]]
| ''[[:d:Q24342429|capital castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8180985|history of architecture]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11643523|Q11643523]]
| ''[[:d:Q11643523|capital city wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''<br/>[[capital]]<br/>''[[:d:Q16748868|city walls]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107566885|Q107566885]]
| ''[[:d:Q107566885|capital de provincia en Italia]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21518270|Q21518270]]
| ''[[:d:Q21518270|capital de stato o de area insular del Statos Unite America]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11271835|state capital]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q321470|list of capitals in the United States]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q395994|Q395994]]
| ''[[:d:Q395994|capital district or territory]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q257391|Q257391]]
| ''[[:d:Q257391|capital federal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9345964|Q9345964]]
| ''[[:d:Q9345964|Capital in Africa]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5035713|Q5035713]]
| ''[[:d:Q5035713|Capital of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27554677|former capital]]''<br/>[[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25466816|Q25466816]]
| ''[[:d:Q25466816|capital of Indonesia]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1025961|Q1025961]]
| ''[[:d:Q1025961|capital of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q129268952|former national capital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3297600|Q3297600]]
| ''[[:d:Q3297600|capital of Korea]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3147563|Q3147563]]
| ''[[:d:Q3147563|capital of regency]]''
| [[capital]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12031379|Q12031379]]
| ''[[:d:Q12031379|capital of region]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4442912|Q4442912]]
| ''[[:d:Q4442912|capital of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27554677|former capital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65089000|Q65089000]]
| ''[[:d:Q65089000|capital of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q129268952|former national capital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10876480|Q10876480]]
| ''[[:d:Q10876480|Capital of the Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55456184|Q55456184]]
| ''[[:d:Q55456184|capital parish of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6063801|parish of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9696256|Q9696256]]
| ''[[:d:Q9696256|capital regional]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q4120621|rank]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5035794|Q5035794]]
| ''[[:d:Q5035794|capitalist state]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q541745|Q541745]]
| [[Capitania General de Porto Rico|Capitanato General de Porto Rico]]
| ''[[:d:Q20203507|viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5036886|Captaincies of the Spanish Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3657267|Q3657267]]
| ''[[:d:Q3657267|Capopieve]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5036886|Q5036886]]
| ''[[:d:Q5036886|Captaincies of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1323389|General Captaincy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1200068|Q1200068]]
| ''[[:d:Q1200068|captaincy]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q763808|Q763808]]
| ''[[:d:Q763808|Captaincy General of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20203507|viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5036886|Captaincies of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2919465|Q2919465]]
| ''[[:d:Q2919465|Captaincy General of Santo Domingo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20203507|viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5036886|Captaincies of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2556639|Q2556639]]
| ''[[:d:Q2556639|Captaincy General of Yucatán]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20203507|viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5036886|Captaincies of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7468093|Q7468093]]
| ''[[:d:Q7468093|captaincy of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5036885|captaincy of the Portuguese Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5036885|Q5036885]]
| ''[[:d:Q5036885|captaincy of the Portuguese Empire]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1323389|General Captaincy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109586943|Q109586943]]
| ''[[:d:Q109586943|Capuchin province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134318865|Q134318865]]
| ''[[:d:Q134318865|Carabinieri barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q861951|police station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16825568|Q16825568]]
| ''[[:d:Q16825568|caravan city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1092939|Q1092939]]
| ''[[:d:Q1092939|cardinal title]]''
| ''[[:d:Q216353|title]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18328106|religion-related award]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3237519|Q3237519]]
| ''[[:d:Q3237519|Caribbean Public Entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11786652|Q11786652]]
| ''[[:d:Q11786652|Carnot wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20107806|Q20107806]]
| ''[[:d:Q20107806|carrago]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89521|Q89521]]
| ''[[:d:Q89521|casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q863404|subterranea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7978115|weapons platform]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61697212|Q61697212]]
| ''[[:d:Q61697212|casemate Pamart]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5756064|Q5756064]]
| ''[[:d:Q5756064|casería]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121289488|Q121289488]]
| ''[[:d:Q121289488|caserío]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15793693|Q15793693]]
| ''[[:d:Q15793693|caserío of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11912920|casal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113160523|Q113160523]]
| ''[[:d:Q113160523|caserío of Honduras]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15097620|administrative territorial entity of Honduras]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11912920|casal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15097620|administrative territorial entity of Honduras]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16187969|Q16187969]]
| ''[[:d:Q16187969|castell termenat (Catalonia)]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16536477|Q16536477]]
| ''[[:d:Q16536477|castella]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92062|motte-and-bailey castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2749147|Q2749147]]
| ''[[:d:Q2749147|castellany]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3662252|Q3662252]]
| ''[[:d:Q3662252|castellaro]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16537979|Q16537979]]
| ''[[:d:Q16537979|castelliere]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23413|Q23413]]
| [[castello]]
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
| edificio fortificate
|-
| [[:d:Q89477|Q89477]]
| ''[[:d:Q89477|castellum]]''
| [[Castrum]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14752696|ancient Roman structure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21086297|Q21086297]]
| ''[[:d:Q21086297|castellum aquae]]''
| [[Turre de aqua]]<br/>''[[:d:Q89477|castellum]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2295256|Q2295256]]
| ''[[:d:Q2295256|castle farm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q489357|farmhouse]]''<br/>[[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q10480682|agricultural structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22117710|Q22117710]]
| ''[[:d:Q22117710|castle in Aomori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22120181|Q22120181]]
| ''[[:d:Q22120181|castle in Fukushima]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22117663|Q22117663]]
| ''[[:d:Q22117663|castle in Iwate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117466514|Q117466514]]
| ''[[:d:Q117466514|castle of the Kingdom of Navarre]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17715832|Q17715832]]
| ''[[:d:Q17715832|castle ruin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109607|ruins]]''<br/>[[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66361052|Q66361052]]
| ''[[:d:Q66361052|castle ruin in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109607|ruins]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q101068465|deserted historic site]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112971684|Q112971684]]
| ''[[:d:Q112971684|castle with zuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q613611|alcázar]]''<br/>[[castello]]<br/>[[palatio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7265965|qal'a]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98795663|fortified palace]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21155918|Q21155918]]
| ''[[:d:Q21155918|castles in Italy]]''
| [[castello]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q11899|list of castles in Italy]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12155307|Q12155307]]
| ''[[:d:Q12155307|castles of Ukraine]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q509199|list of castles in Ukraine]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5050823|Q5050823]]
| ''[[:d:Q5050823|castro]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192601|oppidum]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88205|Q88205]]
| [[Castrum]]
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3395377|ancient monument]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14752696|ancient Roman structure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113834062|Q113834062]]
| ''[[:d:Q113834062|Castrum-castellum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5050913|Q5050913]]
| ''[[:d:Q5050913|casualty clearing station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402739|field hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1232459|Q1232459]]
| ''[[:d:Q1232459|Catalan counties]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11602101|Q11602101]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602101|Category 1 Low-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11602099|Q11602099]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602099|Category 1 Medium-to-high-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11602100|Q11602100]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602100|Category 1 Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11602321|Q11602321]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602321|Category 2 Low-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11602320|Q11602320]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602320|Category 2 Medium-to-high-rise Exclusive Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11602322|Q11602322]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602322|Category 2 Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6307926|Q6307926]]
| ''[[:d:Q6307926|Category:Regions of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
| [[Wikipedia:Categoria|categoria Wikimedia]]
| ''[[:d:Q3630793|list of regions of India]]''
| categoria Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q124304148|Q124304148]]
| ''[[:d:Q124304148|Category:Territorial organization of Montevideo Department]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620020|administrative territorial entity of Uruguay]]''
| [[Wikipedia:Categoria|categoria Wikimedia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124304146|Q124304146]]
| ''[[:d:Q124304146|Category:Territorial organization of the city of Montevideo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124304148|Category:Territorial organization of Montevideo Department]]''
| [[Wikipedia:Categoria|categoria Wikimedia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65654791|Q65654791]]
| ''[[:d:Q65654791|Category:台灣日治時期的支廳]]''
| ''[[:d:Q850450|subprefecture of Japan]]''
| [[Wikipedia:Categoria|categoria Wikimedia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
|
| categoria Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1345011|Q1345011]]
| ''[[:d:Q1345011|Cathar castles]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105072138|Q105072138]]
| ''[[:d:Q105072138|Catholic archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2072238|archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105072162|Q105072162]]
| ''[[:d:Q105072162|Catholic archdiocese not metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105072138|Catholic archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104964763|Archiepiscopal Metropolitan See]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108822950|Q108822950]]
| ''[[:d:Q108822950|Catholic Archieparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20725872|Eastern Catholic eparchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2288631|archeparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111737478|Q111737478]]
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105071180|Q105071180]]
| ''[[:d:Q105071180|Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q427961|metropolis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105072138|Catholic archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2665272|Ecclesiastical circumscription immediately subject to the Holy See]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108822885|Q108822885]]
| ''[[:d:Q108822885|Catholic Metropolitan Archieparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105071180|Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108822950|Catholic Archieparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17143723|Q17143723]]
| ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124434491|Q124434491]]
| ''[[:d:Q124434491|Catholic patriarchate]]''
| [[Patriarchato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92708983|Q92708983]]
| ''[[:d:Q92708983|Catholic vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1736301|Q1736301]]
| ''[[:d:Q1736301|Catholicate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]''<br/>[[Patriarchato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12016518|Q12016518]]
| ''[[:d:Q12016518|Caucasus Muslims Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113481415|Q113481415]]
| ''[[:d:Q113481415|cavalry military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113481408|military training establishment]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1643843|Q1643843]]
| ''[[:d:Q1643843|cave castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2943476|Q2943476]]
| ''[[:d:Q2943476|Caïdat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111594459|Q111594459]]
| ''[[:d:Q111594459|CCA Zone 1 National Park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18618819|national park of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111594558|Q111594558]]
| ''[[:d:Q111594558|CCA Zone 3 State Conservation Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18618819|national park of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1068927|Q1068927]]
| ''[[:d:Q1068927|CdZ-Gebiet]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q480319|title of authority]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25701968|Q25701968]]
| ''[[:d:Q25701968|cell of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115940064|Q115940064]]
| ''[[:d:Q115940064|celoquia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q90754|redoubt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116798230|Q116798230]]
| ''[[:d:Q116798230|celtiberian town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125856556|Celtic archaeological site]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192601|oppidum]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12029144|Q12029144]]
| ''[[:d:Q12029144|Celtic oppida in the Czech lands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192601|oppidum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3284867|Q3284867]]
| ''[[:d:Q3284867|cendea]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17457437|Q17457437]]
| ''[[:d:Q17457437|Census agglomeration in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q159313|urban agglomeration]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56064719|Q56064719]]
| ''[[:d:Q56064719|census area of Alaska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462040|census district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1053448|Q1053448]]
| ''[[:d:Q1053448|census county division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5616099|Q5616099]]
| ''[[:d:Q5616099|census division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18810091|Q18810091]]
| ''[[:d:Q18810091|census division of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2292592|Q2292592]]
| ''[[:d:Q2292592|census division of Manitoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1536372|Q1536372]]
| ''[[:d:Q1536372|census division of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1053463|Q1053463]]
| ''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5616099|census division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17457753|Q17457753]]
| ''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16830604|Q16830604]]
| ''[[:d:Q16830604|census town of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q587144|census town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125855456|statistical territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q56436498|village in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126020978|Q126020978]]
| ''[[:d:Q126020978|Census Unit of Papua New Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3409269|statistical unit]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3098609|administrative territorial entity of Papua New Guinea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89592988|Q89592988]]
| ''[[:d:Q89592988|cent]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q178706|institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15811980|Gerichtsbarkeit]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2324993|state power]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2195878|Q2195878]]
| ''[[:d:Q2195878|centenarium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3068953|fortified farm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2689658|Q2689658]]
| ''[[:d:Q2689658|central municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2039348|municipality of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109360510|Q109360510]]
| ''[[:d:Q109360510|Central Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105490688|region of the levant]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98560916|Q98560916]]
| ''[[:d:Q98560916|central school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1973842|Q1973842]]
| ''[[:d:Q1973842|Central Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q484652|organisation international]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2235075|Q2235075]]
| ''[[:d:Q2235075|centre city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2945033|Q2945033]]
| ''[[:d:Q2945033|centre d'aguerrissement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12134916|Q12134916]]
| ''[[:d:Q12134916|centre of oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23827464|Q23827464]]
| ''[[:d:Q23827464|centre of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q35585117|قائمة المراكز الإدارية السعودية]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038519|Q112038519]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038519|Centro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3664689|Q3664689]]
| ''[[:d:Q3664689|Centro addestramento guastatori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9730870|Q9730870]]
| ''[[:d:Q9730870|centro de zona]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q4120621|rank]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71145903|Q71145903]]
| ''[[:d:Q71145903|centro local]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q4120621|rank]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18485046|Q18485046]]
| ''[[:d:Q18485046|centro sub-regional]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q4120621|rank]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24256092|Q24256092]]
| ''[[:d:Q24256092|Centro Universitario de la Defensa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5761513|university center]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2946423|Q2946423]]
| ''[[:d:Q2946423|cercle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5121385|circle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2115792|Q2115792]]
| ''[[:d:Q2115792|cercle of Mali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520541|administrative territorial entity of Mali]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1475157|Q1475157]]
| ''[[:d:Q1475157|chapelry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5073136|Q5073136]]
| ''[[:d:Q5073136|chapelry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28457880|Q28457880]]
| ''[[:d:Q28457880|chapter]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1707489|Q1707489]]
| ''[[:d:Q1707489|chartaque]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105085761|Q105085761]]
| ''[[:d:Q105085761|charter city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13218382|Q13218382]]
| ''[[:d:Q13218382|charter city and county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13218391|citate charter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131427665|charter county of California]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3301053|consolidated city-county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57653825|type of legal entity in the United States]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604886|Q604886]]
| ''[[:d:Q604886|charter city of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139553870|Q139553870]]
| ''[[:d:Q139553870|charter county]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131427665|Q131427665]]
| ''[[:d:Q131427665|charter county of California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13212489|county of California]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139553870|charter county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57653825|type of legal entity in the United States]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139553869|Q139553869]]
| ''[[:d:Q139553869|charter county of Florida]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13410422|county of Florida]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139553870|charter county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57653825|type of legal entity in the United States]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5086782|Q5086782]]
| ''[[:d:Q5086782|charter township of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3297051|Q3297051]]
| ''[[:d:Q3297051|chartered community]]''
| [[communitates autonome de Espania]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2736168|historical nationality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5087265|Q5087265]]
| ''[[:d:Q5087265|chashi]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12763958|Q12763958]]
| ''[[:d:Q12763958|chatová osada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115254332|Q115254332]]
| ''[[:d:Q115254332|Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives]]''
| ''[[:d:Q505410|congressional district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q294414|public office]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107285806|Q107285806]]
| ''[[:d:Q107285806|Chiba metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1642488|Q1642488]]
| ''[[:d:Q1642488|chiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19944802|government structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1063239|polity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183039|form of state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5097104|Q5097104]]
| ''[[:d:Q5097104|chiefdom of Sierra Leone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055419|administrative territorial entity of Sierra Leone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117214506|Q117214506]]
| ''[[:d:Q117214506|chiefdom of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28659193|Q28659193]]
| ''[[:d:Q28659193|chigu of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11584650|Q11584650]]
| ''[[:d:Q11584650|chigyōkoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11317895|Q11317895]]
| ''[[:d:Q11317895|Chikyap]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10926062|Q10926062]]
| ''[[:d:Q10926062|China National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137381734|High-Tech Industrial Development Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9306132|Q9306132]]
| ''[[:d:Q9306132|Chinese city wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24840980|Q24840980]]
| ''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19851725|Q19851725]]
| ''[[:d:Q19851725|Chinese Pilot Free Trade Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120204769|free trade zone in China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4515638|Q4515638]]
| ''[[:d:Q4515638|chiwog of Bhutan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055423|subdivisions of Bhutan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11405274|Q11405274]]
| ''[[:d:Q11405274|Chiyo-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046763|matsuri]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10895493|Q10895493]]
| ''[[:d:Q10895493|Chong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q129087331|natural village]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5105376|Q5105376]]
| ''[[:d:Q5105376|Chota Nagpur States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21286176|Q21286176]]
| ''[[:d:Q21286176|Christian state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11729534|Q11729534]]
| ''[[:d:Q11729534|Chráněná rybí oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16174362|Q16174362]]
| ''[[:d:Q16174362|Chuljangso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15253857|Q15253857]]
| ''[[:d:Q15253857|Chumchon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10551482|Q10551482]]
| ''[[:d:Q10551482|church library district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66587085|Q66587085]]
| ''[[:d:Q66587085|Church of Sweden municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20820021|ecclesiastical municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1743100|Q1743100]]
| ''[[:d:Q1743100|church town of Sweden]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1497375|architectural ensemble]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98141380|Q98141380]]
| ''[[:d:Q98141380|churchyard fortification]]''
| [[Ecclesia (edificio)|ecclesia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65660829|Q65660829]]
| ''[[:d:Q65660829|chutar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2023000|khutor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7650054|Q7650054]]
| ''[[:d:Q7650054|Chutiya Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5327369|Q5327369]]
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65948724|neighborhood in Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11363274|Q11363274]]
| ''[[:d:Q11363274|Chūgoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2844893|Q2844893]]
| ''[[:d:Q2844893|cidade]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q205723|Q205723]]
| ''[[:d:Q205723|circary of the Premonstratensian Order]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5121385|Q5121385]]
| ''[[:d:Q5121385|circle]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987711|Q122987711]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987711|Circle of Arunachal Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987712|Q122987712]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987712|Circle of Assam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23019196|Q23019196]]
| ''[[:d:Q23019196|circle of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q28930006|قائمة دوائر المغرب]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987732|Q122987732]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987732|Circle of Nagaland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3677604|Q3677604]]
| ''[[:d:Q3677604|circle of the Kingdom of Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30059|arrondissement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107226642|Q107226642]]
| ''[[:d:Q107226642|circondario del regno delle Due Sicilie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976625|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3677886|Q3677886]]
| ''[[:d:Q3677886|Circondario rurale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56300265|Q56300265]]
| ''[[:d:Q56300265|circonscription administrative de bassin]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27949556|Q27949556]]
| ''[[:d:Q27949556|circonscription de la Guadeloupe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16009113|electoral district in France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2109164|Q2109164]]
| ''[[:d:Q2109164|circonscription fédérale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27962442|Q27962442]]
| ''[[:d:Q27962442|circonscription législative marocaine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16009113|electoral district in France]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26708059|Q26708059]]
| ''[[:d:Q26708059|circonscription législative éthiopienne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3248177|liste des circonscriptions législatives éthiopiennes]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27962440|Q27962440]]
| ''[[:d:Q27962440|circonscription électorale marocaine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131666761|Q131666761]]
| ''[[:d:Q131666761|circonscription-clé]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16009113|electoral district in France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973943|Q2973943]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973943|Circonscriptions législatives lituaniennes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13582281|Q13582281]]
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3677901|circunscripción]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130616842|Q130616842]]
| ''[[:d:Q130616842|circoscrizione di Ravenna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3677936|Q3677936]]
| ''[[:d:Q3677936|circoscrizione di Torino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16761595|Q16761595]]
| ''[[:d:Q16761595|circoscrizione of Treviso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17137839|Q17137839]]
| ''[[:d:Q17137839|circoscrizione of Verona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16751788|Q16751788]]
| ''[[:d:Q16751788|circoscrizione of Vicenza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q718570|Q718570]]
| ''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121076478|Q121076478]]
| ''[[:d:Q121076478|circuits of England and Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108525740|Q108525740]]
| ''[[:d:Q108525740|circular city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1363360|Q1363360]]
| ''[[:d:Q1363360|circular rampart]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3677901|Q3677901]]
| ''[[:d:Q3677901|circunscripción]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21286738|Wikimedia permanent duplicate item]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32984849|Q32984849]]
| ''[[:d:Q32984849|circunscripción electoral de las Cortes republicanas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88291|Q88291]]
| [[Citadella]]
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q515|Q515]]
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q124250988|urban settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137018865|type of place]]''
|
| establimento permanente de certe importantia, generalmente con al minus qualque decenas de milles de habitantes; typo de municipalitate
|-
| [[:d:Q1637706|Q1637706]]
| ''[[:d:Q1637706|citate a milliones]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
| citate con un population de plus de 1.000.000
|-
| [[:d:Q748149|Q748149]]
| [[citate a nivello de prefectura]]
| ''[[:d:Q9316670|prefecture-level division]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22773753|中华人民共和国地级市列表]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13218391|Q13218391]]
| ''[[:d:Q13218391|citate charter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13218357|city of California]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q604886|charter city of the United States]]''
|
|
| citate a systema governamental autonome in le Statos Unite, particularmente in California
|-
| [[:d:Q56557504|Q56557504]]
| ''[[:d:Q56557504|citate de Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q327077|list of cities in Iran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2674410|list of largest cities of Iran]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1093829|Q1093829]]
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5951278|urban area of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q208511|Q208511]]
| [[Citate global]]
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1549591|Q1549591]]
| ''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| [[Appendice:Lista de citates per population|Lista de citates per population]]
| citate con plus de 100 000 habitantes
|-
| [[:d:Q707813|Q707813]]
| ''[[:d:Q707813|citate hanseatic]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063611|Q15063611]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063611|citate in le stato de Nove York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15110|Q15110]]
| [[citate metropolitan de Italia]]
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3249005|Q3249005]]
| ''[[:d:Q3249005|citate provincial de Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65165488|đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện tại Việt Nam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135431179|city in Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15127838|Q15127838]]
| ''[[:d:Q15127838|citate sub jurisdiction del stato in Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15584664|Q15584664]]
| ''[[:d:Q15584664|citate sub jurisdiction municipal in Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109779065|human settlement in Latvia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22865|Q22865]]
| [[Citate-districto]]
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15631850|districts and some cities of Germany]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418640|local government in Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133442|Q133442]]
| [[Citate-stato]]
| [[citate]]<br/>[[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q13218276|free city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1063239|polity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q783930|Q783930]]
| ''[[:d:Q783930|Citates in Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q752596|Q752596]]
| ''[[:d:Q752596|Cities of Refuge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23640644|Levitical city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30149195|concepto biblic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56487051|Q56487051]]
| ''[[:d:Q56487051|Citizen Science City]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106929971|Q106929971]]
| ''[[:d:Q106929971|citizenship used to meet the foreign players rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11881845|Q11881845]]
| ''[[:d:Q11881845|city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q618299|settlement]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q106984|list of cities and towns in Estonia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15253706|Q15253706]]
| ''[[:d:Q15253706|city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21583365|Q21583365]]
| ''[[:d:Q21583365|city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q612229|municipality of Estonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27676414|Q27676414]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676414|city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129882775|Q129882775]]
| ''[[:d:Q129882775|city administration of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107199651|Q107199651]]
| ''[[:d:Q107199651|city assembly in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138354621|municipal assembly of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112960770|Q112960770]]
| ''[[:d:Q112960770|city corporation of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16930723|list of city corporations in Bangladesh]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3154693|Q3154693]]
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q701632|municipal council]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3505887|Q3505887]]
| ''[[:d:Q3505887|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2762194|local government in Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28330|list of cities in Israel]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10677163|Q10677163]]
| ''[[:d:Q10677163|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7417960|Q7417960]]
| ''[[:d:Q7417960|city council of a Philippines city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11204|legislature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55095494|Q55095494]]
| ''[[:d:Q55095494|city council of the Republic of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1749269|Q1749269]]
| ''[[:d:Q1749269|city designated by government ordinance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494721|city of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4286337|Q4286337]]
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42723927|Q42723927]]
| ''[[:d:Q42723927|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17496379|Q17496379]]
| ''[[:d:Q17496379|city district in Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2327515|Q2327515]]
| ''[[:d:Q2327515|City district in Baden-Württemberg]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110207589|Q110207589]]
| ''[[:d:Q110207589|City district in Dorsten, Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97312698|Q97312698]]
| ''[[:d:Q97312698|city district in Hannover, Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15195406|Q15195406]]
| ''[[:d:Q15195406|city district in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15632133|Q15632133]]
| ''[[:d:Q15632133|city district of Cologne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15727673|Q15727673]]
| ''[[:d:Q15727673|city district of Hanover]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96180429|Q96180429]]
| ''[[:d:Q96180429|city district of Langenhagen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23541388|Q23541388]]
| ''[[:d:Q23541388|city district of Lappeenranta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20251294|subdivisions of Lappeenranta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14242187|Q14242187]]
| ''[[:d:Q14242187|city district of Nizhny Novgorod]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15195406|city district in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5123154|Q5123154]]
| ''[[:d:Q5123154|city district of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q856976|Q856976]]
| ''[[:d:Q856976|city district of Stockholm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7900115|urban district of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17309849|Q17309849]]
| ''[[:d:Q17309849|city district of Turkmenistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642599|urban district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64340309|Q64340309]]
| ''[[:d:Q64340309|City district of Winterthur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297280|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Zürich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11422368|Q11422368]]
| ''[[:d:Q11422368|city for international conferences and tourism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q117351913|city, town or village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6517576|legal recognition]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18272436|Q18272436]]
| ''[[:d:Q18272436|city fortifications]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q82117|Q82117]]
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q53060|gate]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28846085|Q28846085]]
| ''[[:d:Q28846085|city gate of London]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3044836|Q3044836]]
| ''[[:d:Q3044836|city gates of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104177009|Q104177009]]
| ''[[:d:Q104177009|city grade offset]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88480|moat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55440238|Q55440238]]
| ''[[:d:Q55440238|city in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2089229|list of cities in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q514450|Q514450]]
| ''[[:d:Q514450|city in Antigua and Barbuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15647606|administrative territorial entity of Antigua and Barbuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q138164278|Q138164278]]
| ''[[:d:Q138164278|city in Arizona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60458065|Q60458065]]
| ''[[:d:Q60458065|city in British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6609673|list of cities in British Columbia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89487741|Q89487741]]
| ''[[:d:Q89487741|city in Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q95993392|populated place of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q182422|list of cities and towns in Bulgaria]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130626256|Q130626256]]
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412763|Q25412763]]
| ''[[:d:Q25412763|city in Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25412770|urban entity in Chile]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q490055|list of cities in Chile]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29556224|Q29556224]]
| ''[[:d:Q29556224|city in Cyprus]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q8435708|administrative territorial entity of Cyprus Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63208468|Q63208468]]
| ''[[:d:Q63208468|city in Ecuador]]''
| [[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q349938|list of cities in Ecuador]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11870638|Q11870638]]
| ''[[:d:Q11870638|city in Finland]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63208555|Q63208555]]
| ''[[:d:Q63208555|city in Gabon]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q498604|list of cities in Gabon]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559227|Q3559227]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559227|City in Ireland]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130627817|Q130627817]]
| ''[[:d:Q130627817|city in Manitoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6609732|list of cities in Manitoba]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123440126|Q123440126]]
| ''[[:d:Q123440126|city in Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20202352|localiitate de Mexico]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130628050|Q130628050]]
| ''[[:d:Q130628050|city in New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2974552|Q2974552]]
| ''[[:d:Q2974552|city in New Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54115138|municipality of New Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6664400|local government in New Jersey]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44551483|Q44551483]]
| ''[[:d:Q44551483|city in Newfoundland and Labrador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130629307|Q130629307]]
| ''[[:d:Q130629307|city in Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130629319|Q130629319]]
| ''[[:d:Q130629319|city in Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130629327|Q130629327]]
| ''[[:d:Q130629327|city in Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130629332|Q130629332]]
| ''[[:d:Q130629332|city in Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130627673|Q130627673]]
| ''[[:d:Q130627673|city in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130626256|city in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6609799|list of cities in Saskatchewan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110571169|Q110571169]]
| ''[[:d:Q110571169|city in Saudi Arabia]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108800505|municipality of Saudi Arabia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q690057|list of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12131624|Q12131624]]
| ''[[:d:Q12131624|city in Ukraine]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12051488|populated place in Ukraine]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q592152|list of cities in Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200209|list of cities of Ukraine]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135431179|Q135431179]]
| ''[[:d:Q135431179|city in Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50202|administrative territorial entity of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10840661|urban areas of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017414|metaclasse del prime ordine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q514331|list of cities in Vietnam]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106935957|Q106935957]]
| ''[[:d:Q106935957|City Information System zone in Warsaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15848816|Q15848816]]
| ''[[:d:Q15848816|city moat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88480|moat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12750426|Q12750426]]
| ''[[:d:Q12750426|City municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27587207|Q27587207]]
| ''[[:d:Q27587207|city municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17166803|Q17166803]]
| ''[[:d:Q17166803|city municipality of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1363145|municipality of Lithuania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q772123|administrative territorial entity of Lithuania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17166802|Q17166802]]
| ''[[:d:Q17166802|city municipality of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q783930|Citates in Serbia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6960199|Q6960199]]
| ''[[:d:Q6960199|city municipality of Slovenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356100|administrative territorial entity of Slovenia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q328584|municipality of Slovenia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5770918|Q5770918]]
| ''[[:d:Q5770918|city of Argentina]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q102104752|Q102104752]]
| ''[[:d:Q102104752|city of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13218357|Q13218357]]
| ''[[:d:Q13218357|city of California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63209072|Q63209072]]
| ''[[:d:Q63209072|city of Colombia]]''
| [[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q487967|list of cities in Colombia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130108094|Q130108094]]
| ''[[:d:Q130108094|city of district importance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12131640|Q12131640]]
| ''[[:d:Q12131640|city of district significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12131624|city in Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q97660034|town of rayon significance]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5123997|Q5123997]]
| ''[[:d:Q5123997|city of federal subject significance of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106389302|city/town in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18398645|types of towns and cities in Russia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110071194|Q110071194]]
| ''[[:d:Q110071194|city of Illinois]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110071154|municipality of Illinois]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3199141|Q3199141]]
| ''[[:d:Q3199141|city of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123127825|regencies and cities of Indonesia]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q311998|list of cities in Indonesia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q494721|Q494721]]
| ''[[:d:Q494721|city of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q117351913|city, town or village of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15253706|city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q735757|list of cities in Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132172722|Q132172722]]
| ''[[:d:Q132172722|city of Kentucky]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56575365|Q56575365]]
| ''[[:d:Q56575365|city of krai significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5123997|city of federal subject significance of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34986717|Q34986717]]
| ''[[:d:Q34986717|city of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q7448465|list of cities in Malaysia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139903024|Q139903024]]
| ''[[:d:Q139903024|city of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110292529|Q110292529]]
| ''[[:d:Q110292529|city of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107969730|local government in Minnesota]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132680629|Q132680629]]
| ''[[:d:Q132680629|city of North Carolina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134844639|Q134844639]]
| ''[[:d:Q134844639|city of North Dakota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379817|administrative territorial entity of North Dakota]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28659128|Q28659128]]
| ''[[:d:Q28659128|city of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56580425|Q56580425]]
| ''[[:d:Q56580425|city of oblast significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5123997|city of federal subject significance of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97660032|Q97660032]]
| ''[[:d:Q97660032|City of oblast significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106389302|city/town in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18398645|types of towns and cities in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79323854|Q79323854]]
| ''[[:d:Q79323854|city of oblast subordinance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108569710|Q108569710]]
| ''[[:d:Q108569710|city of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108569731|municipality of Ohio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56580326|Q56580326]]
| ''[[:d:Q56580326|city of okrug significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5123997|city of federal subject significance of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63440326|Q63440326]]
| ''[[:d:Q63440326|city of Oregon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4741765|list of cities in Oregon]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21010817|Q21010817]]
| ''[[:d:Q21010817|city of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110076100|Q110076100]]
| ''[[:d:Q110076100|city of Peru]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15647906|Q15647906]]
| ''[[:d:Q15647906|city of Portugal]]''
| [[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q188887|list of cities in Portugal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79324274|Q79324274]]
| ''[[:d:Q79324274|city of raion subordinance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129725870|Q129725870]]
| ''[[:d:Q129725870|city of regional significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5123999|Q5123999]]
| ''[[:d:Q5123999|city of regional significance of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12131624|city in Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12266391|Q12266391]]
| ''[[:d:Q12266391|city of republican significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139945907|Q139945907]]
| ''[[:d:Q139945907|City of Richmond Old and Historic District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30634609|heritage designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29045252|Q29045252]]
| ''[[:d:Q29045252|city of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54935504|Q54935504]]
| ''[[:d:Q54935504|city of Switzerland]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q70208|municipality of Switzerland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q191108|list of cities in Switzerland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q70036182|Q70036182]]
| ''[[:d:Q70036182|city of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15253706|city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138010797|Q138010797]]
| ''[[:d:Q138010797|city of Texas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16154667|administrative territorial entity of Texas]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16871|list of cities in Texas]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976634|Q3976634]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976634|city of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q902647|administrative territorial entity of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q104157|Q104157]]
| ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3550262|list of cities in the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3348189|list of cities and municipalities in the Philippines]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q828658|Q828658]]
| ''[[:d:Q828658|city of Turkmenistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q133283077|Q133283077]]
| ''[[:d:Q133283077|city of Uganda]]''
| [[citate]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110390579|Q110390579]]
| ''[[:d:Q110390579|city of United Kingdom]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11548185|Q11548185]]
| ''[[:d:Q11548185|City of Water]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q117421617|city nickname]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111874502|Q111874502]]
| ''[[:d:Q111874502|city of West Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15221256|Q15221256]]
| ''[[:d:Q15221256|city of Wisconsin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7225124|administrative territorial entity of Wisconsin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27676416|Q27676416]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676416|city or town of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5241631|list of towns in Quebec]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15632166|Q15632166]]
| ''[[:d:Q15632166|city part of Cologne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79413632|Q79413632]]
| ''[[:d:Q79413632|city part of Innsbruck]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17376095|cadastral municipality of Austria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q991812|Q991812]]
| ''[[:d:Q991812|City parts of Esztergom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11643682|Q11643682]]
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28692710|state territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643681|都市計画区域の一覧]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5124027|Q5124027]]
| ''[[:d:Q5124027|city proper]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109392731|Q109392731]]
| ''[[:d:Q109392731|city quarter of Copenhagen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5124028|Q5124028]]
| ''[[:d:Q5124028|city region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1139955|devolution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81269968|Q81269968]]
| ''[[:d:Q81269968|city school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23002039|public educational institution of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12102963|Q12102963]]
| ''[[:d:Q12102963|city specifically designated in the state plan]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q250811|sub-province-level division]]''<br/>[[citate a nivello de prefectura]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10929914|Q10929914]]
| ''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2215397|English-language word "city"]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6517576|legal recognition]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1867820|Q1867820]]
| ''[[:d:Q1867820|city status in the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112302460|Q112302460]]
| ''[[:d:Q112302460|city wall tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16748868|Q16748868]]
| ''[[:d:Q16748868|city walls]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1416685|rampart]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24939861|Q24939861]]
| ''[[:d:Q24939861|City walls of Lecco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''<br/>[[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q16748868|city walls]]''<br/>[[castello]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4436080|Q4436080]]
| ''[[:d:Q4436080|city with a population of more than 10,000 inhabitants in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q681277|Q681277]]
| ''[[:d:Q681277|city with county rights]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13218690|town in Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q587089|Q587089]]
| ''[[:d:Q587089|city with municipal rights]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15253706|city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q925381|Q925381]]
| ''[[:d:Q925381|city with powiat rights in Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q247073|powiat]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2616791|municipalitate urban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9391358|Q9391358]]
| ''[[:d:Q9391358|city with public health center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494721|city of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3678424|Q3678424]]
| ''[[:d:Q3678424|city with special status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5124045|Q5124045]]
| ''[[:d:Q5124045|city with special status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12131624|city in Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q84823091|region of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15715391|Q15715391]]
| ''[[:d:Q15715391|city without municipal status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11881845|city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139813758|Q139813758]]
| ''[[:d:Q139813758|city of republican subordination in the Adyghe Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106389302|city/town in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5123997|city of federal subject significance of Russia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117351913|Q117351913]]
| ''[[:d:Q117351913|city, town or village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1054813|municipality of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q117351898|ordinary local public entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q210588|umbrella term]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2561694|Q2561694]]
| ''[[:d:Q2561694|City-kingdom of Cyprus]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114186378|Q114186378]]
| ''[[:d:Q114186378|city-level government in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114166528|Regency/City-level government in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97234439|city government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49924492|Q49924492]]
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106389302|Q106389302]]
| ''[[:d:Q106389302|city/town in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2578772|Classification of inhabited localities in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q135134|list of cities and towns in Russia by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5770438|Q5770438]]
| ''[[:d:Q5770438|citânia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85866563|Q85866563]]
| ''[[:d:Q85866563|cité]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125747656|Q125747656]]
| ''[[:d:Q125747656|cité-cathédrale]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85878994|Q85878994]]
| ''[[:d:Q85878994|ciudad title]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7246302|privilege]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q618779|award]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11422603|Q11422603]]
| ''[[:d:Q11422603|Ciutat Internacional del Turisme i la Cultura]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1021096|Q1021096]]
| ''[[:d:Q1021096|civic community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699386|statutory corporation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56293109|Q56293109]]
| ''[[:d:Q56293109|Civic community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699386|statutory corporation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10433151|Q10433151]]
| ''[[:d:Q10433151|civic municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5124465|Q5124465]]
| ''[[:d:Q5124465|civil defense center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106407823|Q106407823]]
| ''[[:d:Q106407823|civil defense observatory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1115575|Q1115575]]
| ''[[:d:Q1115575|civil parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3896454|list of civil parishes in England]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3910694|Q3910694]]
| ''[[:d:Q3910694|civil parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5124670|Q5124670]]
| ''[[:d:Q5124670|civil parish]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4167410|pagina de disambiguation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5124673|Q5124673]]
| ''[[:d:Q5124673|civil parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12397176|Q12397176]]
| ''[[:d:Q12397176|civil parish of Galicia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8776398|collective population entity of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27104997|Q27104997]]
| ''[[:d:Q27104997|civil parish with city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1115575|civil parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47174074|Q47174074]]
| ''[[:d:Q47174074|civil registration district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15219655|Q15219655]]
| ''[[:d:Q15219655|civil town of Wisconsin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7225124|administrative territorial entity of Wisconsin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1995480|minor civil division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1394476|Q1394476]]
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17198524|Q17198524]]
| ''[[:d:Q17198524|civil township of South Dakota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10405690|Q10405690]]
| ''[[:d:Q10405690|civilian air-raid shelters in Stockholm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10300547|Q10300547]]
| ''[[:d:Q10300547|civilisation state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2325086|state model]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26201757|Q26201757]]
| ''[[:d:Q26201757|Civitas foederata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q129224|foederati]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094545|civitas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26198154|Q26198154]]
| ''[[:d:Q26198154|civitas stipendaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094545|civitas]]''<br/>[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327752|Q3327752]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327752|clachan]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5127959|Q5127959]]
| ''[[:d:Q5127959|Class A airfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7373622|Royal Air Force station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130008763|Royal Air Force aerodrome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10840669|Q10840669]]
| ''[[:d:Q10840669|Class V town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070942|Commune-level town of Vietnam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2578772|Q2578772]]
| ''[[:d:Q2578772|Classification of inhabited localities in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41970180|Q41970180]]
| ''[[:d:Q41970180|classification of localities and their parts in Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110929992|Q110929992]]
| ''[[:d:Q110929992|classis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4171312|Q4171312]]
| ''[[:d:Q4171312|Clerical Board of Ukraine's Muslims]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q79913|non-governmental organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1774212|Q1774212]]
| ''[[:d:Q1774212|cleruchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1151405|Q1151405]]
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104880945|Q104880945]]
| ''[[:d:Q104880945|climate emergency declaration area in Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q63438000|climate emergency declaration]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q211450|Q211450]]
| ''[[:d:Q211450|closed city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106643597|Russian object of federal importance]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q356936|exclusion zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63390901|Q63390901]]
| ''[[:d:Q63390901|closed city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19903854|Q19903854]]
| ''[[:d:Q19903854|Club of great powers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16889133|classe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11914313|Q11914313]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914313|clusa]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12724246|Q12724246]]
| ''[[:d:Q12724246|cnezat]]''
| [[Principato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30716008|Q30716008]]
| ''[[:d:Q30716008|coast guard academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137806170|border guard academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1715155|maritime college]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105622437|Q105622437]]
| ''[[:d:Q105622437|Coast Guard base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105998779|Q105998779]]
| ''[[:d:Q105998779|coast guard facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31407679|Q31407679]]
| ''[[:d:Q31407679|coast guard station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56577996|emergency service station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105998779|coast guard facility]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6601836|list of United States Coast Guard stations]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16536851|Q16536851]]
| ''[[:d:Q16536851|coastal battery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130358646|Q130358646]]
| ''[[:d:Q130358646|coastal city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q137015716|type of location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5138347|Q5138347]]
| ''[[:d:Q5138347|coastal defence and fortification]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1985622|defense]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5138355|Q5138355]]
| ''[[:d:Q5138355|Coastal fortifications of New Zealand]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107804334|Q107804334]]
| ''[[:d:Q107804334|Coastal fortifications of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5138347|coastal defence and fortification]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121294933|Q121294933]]
| ''[[:d:Q121294933|Coastal state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>[[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1293150|Q1293150]]
| ''[[:d:Q1293150|coastal tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16615865|Q16615865]]
| ''[[:d:Q16615865|coastal water body]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2479431|aqua aperte]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25500064|Q25500064]]
| ''[[:d:Q25500064|coastal waters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20719696|physico-geographical object]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15324|body of water]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16615865|coastal water body]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109340934|Q109340934]]
| ''[[:d:Q109340934|Code for America brigade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67027287|chapter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130268460|Q130268460]]
| ''[[:d:Q130268460|Codru]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683535|administrative divisions of Moldavia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q205393|Q205393]]
| ''[[:d:Q205393|coercion castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1778334|Q1778334]]
| ''[[:d:Q1778334|coffre]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q98969382|dam from granular material]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q764384|Q764384]]
| ''[[:d:Q764384|cohors quinquagenaria peditata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3682428|cohors peditata]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48784221|Q48784221]]
| ''[[:d:Q48784221|collación]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8776398|Q8776398]]
| ''[[:d:Q8776398|collective population entity of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q719487|Q719487]]
| ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203396|Overseas France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1187811|Q1187811]]
| ''[[:d:Q1187811|college town]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q27702623|academic enclave]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q17079478|list of college towns]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2904674|Q2904674]]
| ''[[:d:Q2904674|colline of Burundi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2904292|administrative territorial entity of Burundi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133156|Q133156]]
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[region]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q11879584|luettelo siirtomaista]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5148198|Q5148198]]
| ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q75883519|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20202352|localiitate de Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117025897|Q117025897]]
| ''[[:d:Q117025897|colonia augusta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756780|Roman colony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75884168|Q75884168]]
| ''[[:d:Q75884168|colonia of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q75883519|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1790360|Q1790360]]
| ''[[:d:Q1790360|colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20181813|Q20181813]]
| ''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115943990|Q115943990]]
| ''[[:d:Q115943990|Colonias of Cuautitlan Izcalli]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119146498|Q119146498]]
| ''[[:d:Q119146498|Colonias of State of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1094394|Q1094394]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094394|colonies in antiquity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12015918|Q12015918]]
| ''[[:d:Q12015918|colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16664835|Q16664835]]
| ''[[:d:Q16664835|colony-settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q319382|open prison]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498903|Q101498903]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498903|Colorado Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499021|Q101499021]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499021|Colorado Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97100822|Q97100822]]
| ''[[:d:Q97100822|Colorado Senate district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139504247|Q139504247]]
| ''[[:d:Q139504247|colégio eleitoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973945|functional constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12829|Q12829]]
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11914865|Q11914865]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914865|comarca de Cuenca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11914868|Q11914868]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914868|comarca de Guadalajara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11914870|Q11914870]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914870|comarca de Zamora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3573839|Q3573839]]
| ''[[:d:Q3573839|comarca del Provincia de Soria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3141478|Q3141478]]
| ''[[:d:Q3141478|comarca of Andalusia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61763799|Q61763799]]
| ''[[:d:Q61763799|comarca of Aragon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12254339|Q12254339]]
| ''[[:d:Q12254339|comarca of Asturias]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1215981|Q1215981]]
| ''[[:d:Q1215981|comarca of Biscay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5150553|comarca of the Basque Country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2984694|Q2984694]]
| ''[[:d:Q2984694|comarca of Burgos Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3321400|Q3321400]]
| ''[[:d:Q3321400|comarca of Cantabria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q937876|Q937876]]
| ''[[:d:Q937876|comarca of Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q11914866|Q11914866]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914866|comarca of Ciudad Real Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5150550|Q5150550]]
| ''[[:d:Q5150550|comarca of Galicia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1248962|list of comarcas of Galicia, Spain]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2984690|Q2984690]]
| ''[[:d:Q2984690|comarca of La Rioja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q5150552|Q5150552]]
| ''[[:d:Q5150552|comarca of Madrid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1419362|Q1419362]]
| ''[[:d:Q1419362|comarca of Mallorca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20105287|counties of the Balearic Islands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2469744|Q2469744]]
| ''[[:d:Q2469744|comarca of Navarre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1997506|Q1997506]]
| ''[[:d:Q1997506|comarca of Palencia Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41789894|Q41789894]]
| ''[[:d:Q41789894|comarca of Panama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055414|administrative territorial entity of Panama]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4389116|Q4389116]]
| ''[[:d:Q4389116|comarca of Salamanca Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1345234|Q1345234]]
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5150553|Q5150553]]
| ''[[:d:Q5150553|comarca of the Basque Country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11914869|Q11914869]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914869|comarca of Valladolid Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1227095|Q1227095]]
| ''[[:d:Q1227095|comarca of Álava]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5150553|comarca of the Basque Country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8348251|Q8348251]]
| ''[[:d:Q8348251|Comarcas Centrales de la Comunidad Valenciana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11914871|Q11914871]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914871|comarcas de Toledo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41790307|Q41790307]]
| ''[[:d:Q41790307|comarcas of Badajoz Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1997475|Q1997475]]
| ''[[:d:Q1997475|Comarcas of the Community of Madrid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2000429|Q2000429]]
| ''[[:d:Q2000429|Comarcas of the Region of Murcia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q102335849|Q102335849]]
| ''[[:d:Q102335849|comarque agraire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q766277|Q766277]]
| ''[[:d:Q766277|comarque of the Valencian Community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2906724|Q2906724]]
| ''[[:d:Q2906724|combat block]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19864623|Q19864623]]
| ''[[:d:Q19864623|combat support hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402739|field hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5150900|Q5150900]]
| ''[[:d:Q5150900|combined authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56856076|Q56856076]]
| ''[[:d:Q56856076|combined authority area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124407021|Q124407021]]
| ''[[:d:Q124407021|combined county authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124407170|Q124407170]]
| ''[[:d:Q124407170|combined county authority area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24876337|Q24876337]]
| ''[[:d:Q24876337|combined district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11410201|single-member district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21727188|Q21727188]]
| ''[[:d:Q21727188|comisaria of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q990426|Q990426]]
| ''[[:d:Q990426|comitat forestier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66311130|Q66311130]]
| ''[[:d:Q66311130|command office]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1772543|command center]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20502495|Q20502495]]
| ''[[:d:Q20502495|command training base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20681814|Q20681814]]
| ''[[:d:Q20681814|Commandancy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12056067|Q12056067]]
| ''[[:d:Q12056067|commander's station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q517267|Q517267]]
| ''[[:d:Q517267|commandery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q174981|Q174981]]
| ''[[:d:Q174981|Commandery of the Order of Saint John]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434544|commandry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1434544|Q1434544]]
| ''[[:d:Q1434544|commandry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12292478|estate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52703459|Q52703459]]
| ''[[:d:Q52703459|commandry of the Teutonic Order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434544|commandry]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11418818|Q11418818]]
| ''[[:d:Q11418818|commercial capital city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[capital]]<br/>''[[:d:Q125684839|economic capital city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117350247|Q117350247]]
| ''[[:d:Q117350247|Commercial District in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5152545|commercial area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1133961|commercial district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5152585|Q5152585]]
| ''[[:d:Q5152585|Commercial state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q351532|Q351532]]
| ''[[:d:Q351532|Common bailiwicks in Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q609591|Q609591]]
| ''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2578692|commonwealth]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96196667|organized territory of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1028423|Q1028423]]
| ''[[:d:Q1028423|commonwealth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2578692|commonwealth]]''<br/>[[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2094158|Q2094158]]
| ''[[:d:Q2094158|commote]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1033904|cantref]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1840161|Q1840161]]
| ''[[:d:Q1840161|communa de Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q18611522|list of communes of Chile]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q484170|Q484170]]
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2389082|Q2389082]]
| ''[[:d:Q2389082|communa rural de Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5153984|commune-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127448|Q127448]]
| ''[[:d:Q127448|communa svedese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1328114|list of municipalities of Sweden]]''
| municipalitate in Svedia
|-
| [[:d:Q5153957|Q5153957]]
| ''[[:d:Q5153957|communal constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22091865|Q22091865]]
| ''[[:d:Q22091865|communal section of Haiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1779026|administrative territorial entity of Haiti]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133274844|Q133274844]]
| ''[[:d:Q133274844|communauté d’agglomération nouvelle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3591564|établissement public de coopération intercommunale]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3266850|Q3266850]]
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84599126|Q84599126]]
| ''[[:d:Q84599126|Commune]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q931462|Liste der Gemeinden in Saint-Pierre und Miquelon]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140754208|Q140754208]]
| ''[[:d:Q140754208|commune cadastrale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q423785|Q423785]]
| ''[[:d:Q423785|commune community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18706073|public institution of intermunicipal cooperation with own taxation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15966517|Q15966517]]
| ''[[:d:Q15966517|commune de grand cru de champagne]]''
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112226256|Q112226256]]
| ''[[:d:Q112226256|commune et commune nouvelle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126888370|catégorie juridique des collectivités territoriales en France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140835651|Q140835651]]
| ''[[:d:Q140835651|commune gabonaise]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22927548|Q22927548]]
| ''[[:d:Q22927548|commune in merger-association]]''
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989454|Q2989454]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989454|commune nouvelle]]''
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1841580|Q1841580]]
| ''[[:d:Q1841580|commune of Angola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976645|administrative territorial entity of Angola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1780506|Q1780506]]
| ''[[:d:Q1780506|commune of Benin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502443|administrative territorial entity of Benin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5780448|Q5780448]]
| ''[[:d:Q5780448|commune of Buenos Aires]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20045441|administrative territorial entity of Buenos Aires]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q984449|list of comunas of Buenos Aires]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1577513|Q1577513]]
| ''[[:d:Q1577513|commune of Burundi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2904292|administrative territorial entity of Burundi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132730984|Q132730984]]
| ''[[:d:Q132730984|commune of Burundi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3076994|Q3076994]]
| ''[[:d:Q3076994|commune of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22927616|Q22927616]]
| ''[[:d:Q22927616|commune of France with specific status]]''
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84598477|Q84598477]]
| ''[[:d:Q84598477|commune of French Polynesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47508609|administrative subdivision of French Polynesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1321355|list of communes of French Polynesia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111904027|Q111904027]]
| ''[[:d:Q111904027|commune of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19889844|municipality or community of Greece]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q163359|local administrative unit in the NUTS system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3685462|Q3685462]]
| ''[[:d:Q3685462|commune of Haiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1779026|administrative territorial entity of Haiti]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2679157|Q2679157]]
| ''[[:d:Q2679157|commune of Ivory Coast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2679154|administrative territorial entity of Ivory Coast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1758856|Q1758856]]
| ''[[:d:Q1758856|commune of Mali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520541|administrative territorial entity of Mali]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989470|Q2989470]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989470|commune of Mauritania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631060|administrative territorial entity of Mauritania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18534366|Q18534366]]
| ''[[:d:Q18534366|commune of Medellín]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5780443|comuna of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4229812|Q4229812]]
| ''[[:d:Q4229812|commune of Moldova]]''
| ''[[:d:Q542797|administrative territorial entity of Moldova]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99308423|Q99308423]]
| ''[[:d:Q99308423|commune of Monaco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15646733|administrative territorial entity of Monaco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989400|Q2989400]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989400|commune of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124364380|territorial community of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84669937|Q84669937]]
| ''[[:d:Q84669937|commune of New Caledonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q546080|administrative territorial entity of New Caledonia]]''<br/>[[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q15074966|list of communes of New Caledonia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q659103|Q659103]]
| ''[[:d:Q659103|commune of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989649|Q2989649]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989649|commune of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17176508|Q17176508]]
| ''[[:d:Q17176508|commune of the Central African Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631092|administrative territorial entity of the Central African Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117209621|Q117209621]]
| ''[[:d:Q117209621|commune of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154054|Q5154054]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154054|commune of the Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4161597|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of the Congo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5153984|Q5153984]]
| ''[[:d:Q5153984|commune-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50202|administrative territorial entity of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1070942|Q1070942]]
| ''[[:d:Q1070942|Commune-level town of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10840661|urban areas of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5153984|commune-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989468|Q2989468]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989468|Communes d'arrondissement of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989467|Q2989467]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989467|Communes de Midi-Pyrénées]]''
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154045|Q5154045]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154045|Communes of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q849866|Q849866]]
| ''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q117405807|communist dictatorship]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q20047348|list of communist states]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1060072|Q1060072]]
| ''[[:d:Q1060072|Communist-controlled China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7318915|revolutionary base area]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q21512251|self-proclaimed state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12892398|Q12892398]]
| ''[[:d:Q12892398|communitate autonome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10742|Q10742]]
| [[communitates autonome de Espania]]
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12892398|communitate autonome]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
| division administrative espaniol del prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q18706237|Q18706237]]
| ''[[:d:Q18706237|communities of cities]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18706073|public institution of intermunicipal cooperation with own taxation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q838185|Q838185]]
| ''[[:d:Q838185|communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2630741|Q2630741]]
| ''[[:d:Q2630741|community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q683738|Subdivisions of Wales]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5154611|community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3135112|list of communities in Wales]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154611|Q5154611]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154611|community]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987730|Q122987730]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987730|Community and Rural Development Block of Meghalaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4974787|Q4974787]]
| ''[[:d:Q4974787|community board of Brooklyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5154647|community board of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154650|Q5154650]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154650|community board of Manhattan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5154647|community board of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154647|Q5154647]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154647|community board of New York City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6988044|neighborhood council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4686866|advisory board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154648|Q5154648]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154648|community board of Queens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5154647|community board of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7603992|Q7603992]]
| ''[[:d:Q7603992|community board of Staten Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5154647|community board of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4974164|Q4974164]]
| ''[[:d:Q4974164|community board of the Bronx]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5154647|community board of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154933|Q5154933]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154933|community college district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3403338|Q3403338]]
| ''[[:d:Q3403338|community council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507268|town council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154936|Q5154936]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154936|community council of Lesotho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2878104|administrative territorial entity of Lesotho]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2775236|Q2775236]]
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125750771|Q125750771]]
| ''[[:d:Q125750771|Community development block in Madhya Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61863384|Q61863384]]
| ''[[:d:Q61863384|community development block in Odisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987743|Q122987743]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987743|community development block in West Bengal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123009185|Q123009185]]
| ''[[:d:Q123009185|community development block of Assam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987713|Q122987713]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987713|Community Development Block of Bihar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123009223|Q123009223]]
| ''[[:d:Q123009223|community development block of Chhattisgarh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126118370|Q126118370]]
| ''[[:d:Q126118370|Community Development Block of Haryana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987723|Q122987723]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987723|Community Development Block of Jharkhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123200469|Q123200469]]
| ''[[:d:Q123200469|community development block of Punjab, India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123009239|Q123009239]]
| ''[[:d:Q123009239|community development block of Rajasthan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123009250|Q123009250]]
| ''[[:d:Q123009250|community development block of Tamil Nadu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123009286|Q123009286]]
| ''[[:d:Q123009286|community development block of Uttar Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123009294|Q123009294]]
| ''[[:d:Q123009294|community development block of Uttarakhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4426538|Q4426538]]
| ''[[:d:Q4426538|Community Development Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50513|administrative territorial entity of Singapore]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106491329|Q106491329]]
| ''[[:d:Q106491329|community district of Brooklyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106491242|community district of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106491314|Q106491314]]
| ''[[:d:Q106491314|community district of Manhattan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106491242|community district of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106491242|Q106491242]]
| ''[[:d:Q106491242|community district of New York City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106491334|Q106491334]]
| ''[[:d:Q106491334|community district of Queens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106491242|community district of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106491341|Q106491341]]
| ''[[:d:Q106491341|community district of Staten Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106491242|community district of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106491323|Q106491323]]
| ''[[:d:Q106491323|community district of the Bronx]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106491242|community district of New York City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3250999|Q3250999]]
| ''[[:d:Q3250999|community in Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15618485|administrative territorial entity of Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89934|Q89934]]
| ''[[:d:Q89934|community of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q838185|communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q138823699|federated community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29414133|Q29414133]]
| ''[[:d:Q29414133|community of Cyprus Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8435708|administrative territorial entity of Cyprus Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60223819|type of administrative division of the Republic of Cyprus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60296454|list of communities of Cyprus Republic]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3111821|Q3111821]]
| ''[[:d:Q3111821|community of New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q17361402|Q17361402]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361402|community of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13100073|village of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q985488|residential community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8348974|Q8348974]]
| ''[[:d:Q8348974|community of villages]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9008644|Ancient Regime of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q531230|association of local governments in Iberia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7375078|royal manor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13048807|Q13048807]]
| ''[[:d:Q13048807|Community of Villages of Calatayud]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q8348974|community of villages]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13048806|Q13048806]]
| ''[[:d:Q13048806|Community of villages of Daroca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8348974|community of villages]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13048808|Q13048808]]
| ''[[:d:Q13048808|Community of villages of Teruel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8348974|community of villages]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8348974|community of villages]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39357844|Q39357844]]
| ''[[:d:Q39357844|Community Service Center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139077013|Q139077013]]
| ''[[:d:Q139077013|community services district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1501046|Q1501046]]
| ''[[:d:Q1501046|community settlement]]''
| [[Cooperativa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1550119|administrative territorial entity of Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12154694|Q12154694]]
| ''[[:d:Q12154694|company system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4370308|regiment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q627236|Q627236]]
| ''[[:d:Q627236|company town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135236751|Japanese local economic programs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3514889|list of company towns]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12322647|Q12322647]]
| ''[[:d:Q12322647|competition state]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q131362181|social science concept]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113435339|classification of societies]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60351842|Q60351842]]
| ''[[:d:Q60351842|Complex of Communities of Cyprus Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60223819|type of administrative division of the Republic of Cyprus]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106078286|Q106078286]]
| ''[[:d:Q106078286|component city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5156764|Q5156764]]
| ''[[:d:Q5156764|composite monarchy]]''
| [[monarchia]]<br/>[[Federalismo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3208952|federal monarchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''<br/>[[phenomeno]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91752|Q91752]]
| ''[[:d:Q91752|compound (fortification)]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136745551|Q136745551]]
| ''[[:d:Q136745551|comtat de Nice]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12319130|Q12319130]]
| ''[[:d:Q12319130|comté]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58001343|Q58001343]]
| ''[[:d:Q58001343|comté (France)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137435469|Q137435469]]
| ''[[:d:Q137435469|comuna de Bolivia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q213918|administrative territorial entity of Bolivia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5780443|Q5780443]]
| ''[[:d:Q5780443|comuna of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8348984|Q8348984]]
| ''[[:d:Q8348984|Comunidad de Ciudad y Tierra de Segovia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9008644|Ancient Regime of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8348978|Comunidad de villa y tierra]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8348978|Q8348978]]
| ''[[:d:Q8348978|Comunidad de villa y tierra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7375078|royal manor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2843620|Q2843620]]
| ''[[:d:Q2843620|Comunidad de villa y tierra de Pedraza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9008644|Ancient Regime of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8348978|Comunidad de villa y tierra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8348978|Comunidad de villa y tierra]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62068052|Q62068052]]
| ''[[:d:Q62068052|comunidad regional intermunicipal]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5780635|Q5780635]]
| ''[[:d:Q5780635|Comunidades de villa y tierra de Ávila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9008644|Ancient Regime of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8348978|Comunidad de villa y tierra]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16543169|Q16543169]]
| ''[[:d:Q16543169|concejo of Álava]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3333989|minor local entity of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1633408|Q1633408]]
| ''[[:d:Q1633408|concelho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12712989|Q12712989]]
| ''[[:d:Q12712989|concelho of Cape Verde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q910919|administrative territorial entity of Cape Verde]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1633408|concelho]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q910919|administrative territorial entity of Cape Verde]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1064905|Q1064905]]
| ''[[:d:Q1064905|concentric castle]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q934998|Q934998]]
| ''[[:d:Q934998|concessions in Tianjin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1376651|foreign concession in China]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58001476|Q58001476]]
| ''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58683981|señorío]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14606224|liste des comtés d'Espagne]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18603529|Q18603529]]
| ''[[:d:Q18603529|condado (Portugal)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25508460|Q25508460]]
| ''[[:d:Q25508460|condado de Ramiranes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16551457|Q16551457]]
| ''[[:d:Q16551457|Condado de Ricla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5782145|Q5782145]]
| ''[[:d:Q5782145|Condado de Torre Penela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18224884|Q18224884]]
| ''[[:d:Q18224884|Condado del Sacro Romano Imperio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q734818|Q734818]]
| ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105723436|Q105723436]]
| ''[[:d:Q105723436|cone shaped hillfort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133818715|Q133818715]]
| ''[[:d:Q133818715|confederal republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''<br/>[[republica]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5159852|Q5159852]]
| ''[[:d:Q5159852|Confederate States of Lanao]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''
| [[Sultanato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q170156|Q170156]]
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q484652|organisation international]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
| unitate de statos soveran ligate per tractatos e de que le governamento commun non exerce directemente su soveranitate sur lor territorio
|-
| [[:d:Q10551526|Q10551526]]
| ''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q505410|Q505410]]
| ''[[:d:Q505410|congressional district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96020121|Q96020121]]
| ''[[:d:Q96020121|congressional district of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3397335|legislative district of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498836|Q101498836]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498836|Connecticut Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498964|Q101498964]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498964|Connecticut Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65055493|Q65055493]]
| ''[[:d:Q65055493|connecting trench]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91764|military trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110701641|Q110701641]]
| ''[[:d:Q110701641|Conquista do Pará]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125748068|Q125748068]]
| ''[[:d:Q125748068|conseil des hiérarques]]''
| ''[[:d:Q637017|episcopal conference]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18616749|assembly of bishops]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117686181|Q117686181]]
| ''[[:d:Q117686181|Consejo popular]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5549724|administrative territorial entity of Cuba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85189897|Q85189897]]
| ''[[:d:Q85189897|Conservation areas in New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q936257|conservation area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5162993|Q5162993]]
| ''[[:d:Q5162993|conservation park of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28941950|Q28941950]]
| ''[[:d:Q28941950|conservation park of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5162993|conservation park of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111594570|Q111594570]]
| ''[[:d:Q111594570|Conservation Reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5162999|conservation reserve]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28428479|Q28428479]]
| ''[[:d:Q28428479|conservation reserve of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111594570|Conservation Reserve]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11385757|Q11385757]]
| ''[[:d:Q11385757|conservative kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138388710|Q138388710]]
| ''[[:d:Q138388710|consiglio di zona of Livorno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5055981|Q5055981]]
| ''[[:d:Q5055981|consilio de Asturias]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q93083|list of municipalities in Asturias]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3248813|list of municipalities in Asturias by area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q617996|list of municipalities in Asturias by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12725398|Q12725398]]
| ''[[:d:Q12725398|county council of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4321471|county council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50728741|Q50728741]]
| ''[[:d:Q50728741|consistorial district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5163232|Q5163232]]
| ''[[:d:Q5163232|Consistory]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3301053|Q3301053]]
| ''[[:d:Q3301053|consolidated city-county]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>[[Contato (SUA)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973940|Q2973940]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973940|Constituencies of Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105409781|Q105409781]]
| ''[[:d:Q105409781|Constituencies of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3044932|Q3044932]]
| ''[[:d:Q3044932|constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12340483|Q12340483]]
| ''[[:d:Q12340483|constituency in Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134694895|Q134694895]]
| ''[[:d:Q134694895|constituency in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55734293|Q55734293]]
| ''[[:d:Q55734293|constituency in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29515523|constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107990331|Q107990331]]
| ''[[:d:Q107990331|constituency in Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q6589142|list of Malaysian electoral districts]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48406342|Q48406342]]
| ''[[:d:Q48406342|constituency in Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55737293|Q55737293]]
| ''[[:d:Q55737293|constituency in Seoul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29515523|constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29515523|Q29515523]]
| ''[[:d:Q29515523|constituency in South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2064521|Q2064521]]
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59136510|Q59136510]]
| ''[[:d:Q59136510|constituency of a provincial legislature in South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6895539|Q6895539]]
| ''[[:d:Q6895539|constituency of Azerbaijan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5163951|Q5163951]]
| ''[[:d:Q5163951|constituency of Belize]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623956|administrative territorial entity of Belize]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818523|Q59818523]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818523|constituency of Borno state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98556635|Q98556635]]
| ''[[:d:Q98556635|constituency of Councilors of Taipei County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18592540|Q18592540]]
| ''[[:d:Q18592540|constituency of Grenada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374527|administrative territorial entity of Grenada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1515437|Q1515437]]
| ''[[:d:Q1515437|constituency of Iceland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55193935|Q55193935]]
| ''[[:d:Q55193935|Constituency of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27924222|Q27924222]]
| ''[[:d:Q27924222|constituency of Kingdom of Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27924220|entité administrative territoriale du Royaume d'Italie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27924172|Q27924172]]
| ''[[:d:Q27924172|constituency of Kingdom of Sardinia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27924168|administrative territorial entity of Kingdom of Sardinia]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q48803440|collegi elettorali del Regno di Sardegna]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1853630|Q1853630]]
| ''[[:d:Q1853630|constituency of Namibia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631066|administrative territorial entity of Namibia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2712218|Q2712218]]
| ''[[:d:Q2712218|constituency of Nauru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22911580|Q22911580]]
| ''[[:d:Q22911580|constituency of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3248064|liste des circonscriptions législatives de Paris]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314193|Q50314193]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314193|Constituency of Regional Councillors of Changhua County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314187|Q50314187]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314187|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Chiayi City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314189|Q50314189]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314189|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Chiayi County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314199|Q50314199]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314199|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Hsinchu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314200|Q50314200]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314200|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Hsinchu County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314224|Q50314224]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314224|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Hualien County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314162|Q50314162]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314162|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Kaohsiung City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314191|Q50314191]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314191|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Keelung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314226|Q50314226]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314226|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Kinmen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314237|Q50314237]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314237|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Lienchiang County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314206|Q50314206]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314206|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Miaoli County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314184|Q50314184]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314184|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Nantou County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314196|Q50314196]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314196|Constituency of Regional Councilors of New Taipei City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314229|Q50314229]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314229|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Penghu County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314205|Q50314205]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314205|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Pingtung County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314204|Q50314204]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314204|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Taichung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314181|Q50314181]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314181|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Tainan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314182|Q50314182]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314182|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Taipei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314210|Q50314210]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314210|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Taitung County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314202|Q50314202]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314202|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Taoyuan City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314222|Q50314222]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314222|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Yilan County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314215|Q50314215]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314215|Constituency of Regional Councilors of Yunlin County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49924492|City/County council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50240982|Q50240982]]
| ''[[:d:Q50240982|Constituency of South Korean National Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29515523|constituency in South Korea]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q31179286|Constituency of the National Assembly of South Korea]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53955890|Q53955890]]
| ''[[:d:Q53955890|constituency of Tallinn city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818516|Q59818516]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818516|constituency of the Abia state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818517|Q59818517]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818517|constituency of the Adamawa state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818519|Q59818519]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818519|constituency of the Akwa-Ibom state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818518|Q59818518]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818518|constituency of the Anambra state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375413|Q54375413]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375413|constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613385|list of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375418|Q54375418]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375418|constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q17051388|list of constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375419|Q54375419]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375419|constituency of the Assam Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613397|list of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126044982|Q126044982]]
| ''[[:d:Q126044982|Constituency of the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59147908|Q59147908]]
| ''[[:d:Q59147908|constituency of the Azad Jammu & Kashmir legislative assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818520|Q59818520]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818520|constituency of the Bauchi state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818521|Q59818521]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818521|constituency of the Bayelsa state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818522|Q59818522]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818522|constituency of the Benue state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375424|Q54375424]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375424|constituency of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6562474|list of Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2864207|Q2864207]]
| ''[[:d:Q2864207|constituency of the canton of Lucerne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297182|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Lucerne]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276572|Q17276572]]
| ''[[:d:Q17276572|constituency of the canton of St. Gallen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631100|administrative territorial entity of the canton of St. Gallen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141021240|Q141021240]]
| ''[[:d:Q141021240|constituency of the Canton of Zurich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17297280|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Zürich]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53657274|Q53657274]]
| ''[[:d:Q53657274|constituency of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54826347|Q54826347]]
| ''[[:d:Q54826347|constituency of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51829641|Q51829641]]
| ''[[:d:Q51829641|constituency of the chamber of deputies of Paraguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140399646|Q140399646]]
| ''[[:d:Q140399646|constituency of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51043199|Q51043199]]
| ''[[:d:Q51043199|Constituency of the chamber of representatives of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375427|Q54375427]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375427|constituency of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613390|list of constituencies of Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141107087|Q141107087]]
| ''[[:d:Q141107087|constituency of the City of Zurich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51674305|Q51674305]]
| ''[[:d:Q51674305|Constituency of the Colombian Senate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30238091|Q30238091]]
| ''[[:d:Q30238091|Constituency of the Commonwealth Parliament]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86915740|Q86915740]]
| ''[[:d:Q86915740|constituency of the Corts Valencianes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818525|Q59818525]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818525|constituency of the Cross River state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375430|Q54375430]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375430|constituency of the Delhi Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613393|list of constituencies of Delhi Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818528|Q59818528]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818528|constituency of the Delta state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818529|Q59818529]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818529|constituency of the Ebonyi state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818530|Q59818530]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818530|constituency of the Edo state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818531|Q59818531]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818531|constituency of the Ekiti state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818533|Q59818533]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818533|constituency of the Enugu state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2631496|Q2631496]]
| ''[[:d:Q2631496|constituency of the European Parliament]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53657468|Q53657468]]
| ''[[:d:Q53657468|constituency of the Federal Senate of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15620943|Q15620943]]
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973941|French legislative constituency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30319772|Q30319772]]
| ''[[:d:Q30319772|constituency of the French Fourth Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41768503|former French legislative constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30319807|Q30319807]]
| ''[[:d:Q30319807|constituency of the French Third Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41768503|former French legislative constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113573083|Q113573083]]
| ''[[:d:Q113573083|constituency of the Gambia 2017-2022]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58781643|Q58781643]]
| ''[[:d:Q58781643|constituency of the Gilgit Baltistan legislative assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375434|Q54375434]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375434|constituency of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16933050|list of constituencies of Goa Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818534|Q59818534]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818534|constituency of the Gombe state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375438|Q54375438]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375438|constituency of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613395|list of constituencies of Gujarat Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375446|Q54375446]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375446|constituency of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613399|list of constituencies of Haryana Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375449|Q54375449]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375449|constituency of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613402|list of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59135900|Q59135900]]
| ''[[:d:Q59135900|constituency of the House of Assembly of Dominica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107663115|Q107663115]]
| ''[[:d:Q107663115|constituency of the House of Assembly of St Lucia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27971968|Q27971968]]
| ''[[:d:Q27971968|constituency of the House of Commons]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1052894|single-member district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818536|Q59818536]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818536|constituency of the Imo state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43957010|Q43957010]]
| ''[[:d:Q43957010|constituency of the Italian Chamber of Deputies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20009925|Italian constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q48811601|circoscrizioni e collegi elettorali della Camera dei deputati del 2017]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375453|Q54375453]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375453|constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29025656|list of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47468610|Q47468610]]
| ''[[:d:Q47468610|constituency of the Jatiya Sangsad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q6593561|list of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375455|Q54375455]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375455|constituency of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29025657|list of constituencies of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818537|Q59818537]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818537|constituency of the Jigawa state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818538|Q59818538]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818538|constituency of the Kaduna state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818543|Q59818543]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818543|constituency of the Kano state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375457|Q54375457]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375457|constituency of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29025658|list of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818545|Q59818545]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818545|constituency of the Katsina state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818546|Q59818546]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818546|constituency of the Kebbi state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375461|Q54375461]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375461|constituency of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16134270|list of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818547|Q59818547]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818547|constituency of the Kogi state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818548|Q59818548]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818548|constituency of the Kwara state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818549|Q59818549]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818549|constituency of the Lagos state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55387945|Q55387945]]
| ''[[:d:Q55387945|constituency of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47999722|Q47999722]]
| ''[[:d:Q47999722|Constituency of the Legislative Assembly of Emilia-Romagna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136093601|Q136093601]]
| ''[[:d:Q136093601|constituency of the Legislative Assembly of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136122119|Q136122119]]
| ''[[:d:Q136122119|constituency of the Legislative Council of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11703950|Q11703950]]
| ''[[:d:Q11703950|constituency of the London Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375465|Q54375465]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375465|constituency of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613407|list of constituencies of Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375467|Q54375467]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375467|constituency of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613418|list of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375470|Q54375470]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375470|constituency of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29025659|list of constituencies of Manipur Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50394563|Q50394563]]
| ''[[:d:Q50394563|constituency of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q54374664|list of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16773343|Q16773343]]
| ''[[:d:Q16773343|constituency of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55260477|Q55260477]]
| ''[[:d:Q55260477|constituency of the municipal council of Alajuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55260478|Q55260478]]
| ''[[:d:Q55260478|constituency of the municipal council of Cartago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55260480|Q55260480]]
| ''[[:d:Q55260480|constituency of the municipal council of Desamparados]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55260479|Q55260479]]
| ''[[:d:Q55260479|constituency of the municipal council of Heredia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55260476|Q55260476]]
| ''[[:d:Q55260476|constituency of the municipal council of San Jose]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375482|Q54375482]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375482|constituency of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29025849|list of constituencies of Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818550|Q59818550]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818550|constituency of the Nassarawa state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126039242|Q126039242]]
| ''[[:d:Q126039242|Constituency of the National Assembly of Angola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43791141|Q43791141]]
| ''[[:d:Q43791141|constituency of the National Assembly of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47461453|Q47461453]]
| ''[[:d:Q47461453|constituency of the National Assembly of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33513247|Q33513247]]
| ''[[:d:Q33513247|constituency of the National Assembly of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55713973|Q55713973]]
| ''[[:d:Q55713973|Constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59081206|Q59081206]]
| ''[[:d:Q59081206|constituency of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818551|Q59818551]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818551|constituency of the Niger state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19802341|Q19802341]]
| ''[[:d:Q19802341|constituency of the Northern Ireland Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1049540|administrative territorial entity of Northern Ireland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375487|Q54375487]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375487|constituency of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5473057|list of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818553|Q59818553]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818553|constituency of the Ogun state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27990952|Q27990952]]
| ''[[:d:Q27990952|constituency of the Old Parliament of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818558|Q59818558]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818558|constituency of the Ondo state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818559|Q59818559]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818559|constituency of the Osun state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818560|Q59818560]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818560|constituency of the Oyo state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15647218|Q15647218]]
| ''[[:d:Q15647218|constituency of the Parliament of Barbados]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15647212|administrative territorial entity of Barbados]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27990982|Q27990982]]
| ''[[:d:Q27990982|Constituency of the Parliament of England]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27990943|Q27990943]]
| ''[[:d:Q27990943|constituency of the Parliament of Great Britain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21815201|Q21815201]]
| ''[[:d:Q21815201|constituency of the Parliament of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7058519|Q7058519]]
| ''[[:d:Q7058519|constituency of the Parliament of Northern Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5163953|Q5163953]]
| ''[[:d:Q5163953|constituency of the Parliament of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41760643|Q41760643]]
| ''[[:d:Q41760643|constituency of the Parliament of the Republic of Ghana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818561|Q59818561]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818561|constituency of the Plateau state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59147678|Q59147678]]
| ''[[:d:Q59147678|constituency of the provincial assembly of Balochistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59147732|Q59147732]]
| ''[[:d:Q59147732|constituency of the provincial assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59147545|Q59147545]]
| ''[[:d:Q59147545|constituency of the provincial assembly of Punjab Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59147846|Q59147846]]
| ''[[:d:Q59147846|constituency of the provincial assembly of Sindh Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375490|Q54375490]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375490|constituency of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q24952126|list of constituencies of Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375496|Q54375496]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375496|constituency of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29025661|list of constituencies of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375498|Q54375498]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375498|constituency of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613413|list of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831799|Q54831799]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831799|constituency of the Regional Council del Maule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47773783|Q47773783]]
| ''[[:d:Q47773783|Constituency of the Regional Council of Abruzzo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831788|Q54831788]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831788|constituency of the Regional Council of Antofagasta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47893691|Q47893691]]
| ''[[:d:Q47893691|Constituency of the Regional Council of Apulia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831790|Q54831790]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831790|constituency of the Regional Council of Arica and Parinacota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831791|Q54831791]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831791|constituency of the Regional Council of Atacama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831792|Q54831792]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831792|constituency of the Regional Council of Aysen General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47906224|Q47906224]]
| ''[[:d:Q47906224|Constituency of the Regional Council of Basilicata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907563|Q47907563]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907563|Constituency of the Regional Council of Calabria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907618|Q47907618]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907618|Constituency of the Regional Council of Campania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831794|Q54831794]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831794|constituency of the Regional Council of Coquimbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907543|Q47907543]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907543|Constituency of the Regional Council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831789|Q54831789]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831789|constituency of the Regional Council of La Araucanía]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907549|Q47907549]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907549|Constituency of the Regional Council of Lazio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831800|Q54831800]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831800|constituency of the Regional Council of Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907612|Q47907612]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907612|Constituency of the Regional Council of Liguria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907571|Q47907571]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907571|Constituency of the Regional Council of Lombardy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831795|Q54831795]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831795|constituency of the Regional Council of Los Lagos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831796|Q54831796]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831796|constituency of the Regional Council of Los Ríos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831798|Q54831798]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831798|constituency of the Regional Council of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907593|Q47907593]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907593|Constituency of the Regional Council of Marche]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907624|Q47907624]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907624|Constituency of the Regional Council of Molise]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907597|Q47907597]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907597|Constituency of the Regional Council of Piedmont]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907586|Q47907586]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907586|Constituency of the Regional Council of Sardinia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831802|Q54831802]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831802|constituency of the Regional Council of Tarapaca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831793|Q54831793]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831793|constituency of the Regional Council of the Biobio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831801|Q54831801]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831801|constituency of the Regional Council of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907578|Q47907578]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907578|Constituency of the Regional Council of Tuscany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907606|Q47907606]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907606|Constituency of the Regional Council of Umbria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54831803|Q54831803]]
| ''[[:d:Q54831803|constituency of the Regional Council of Valparaíso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907555|Q47907555]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907555|Constituency of the Regional Council of Veneto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818562|Q59818562]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818562|constituency of the Rivers state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11797473|Q11797473]]
| ''[[:d:Q11797473|constituency of the Sejm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56648990|Q56648990]]
| ''[[:d:Q56648990|constituency of the Senate of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54826307|Q54826307]]
| ''[[:d:Q54826307|constituency of the Senate of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53537091|Q53537091]]
| ''[[:d:Q53537091|constituency of the senate of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58780003|Q58780003]]
| ''[[:d:Q58780003|constituency of the Senate of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51829400|Q51829400]]
| ''[[:d:Q51829400|Constituency of the Senate of Paraguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58137389|Q58137389]]
| ''[[:d:Q58137389|constituency of the Senate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61913201|Q61913201]]
| ''[[:d:Q61913201|constituency of the Senate of the Republic of Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20009925|Italian constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44710774|Q44710774]]
| ''[[:d:Q44710774|constituency of the Senedd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6970524|region or constituency of the Senedd]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47907537|Q47907537]]
| ''[[:d:Q47907537|Constituency of the Sicilian Regional Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375505|Q54375505]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375505|constituency of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29025662|list of constituencies of Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818563|Q59818563]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818563|constituency of the Sokoto state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375510|Q54375510]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375510|constituency of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6562480|list of Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818564|Q59818564]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818564|constituency of the Taraba state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375514|Q54375514]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375514|constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q18127308|list of constituencies of the Telangana Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375518|Q54375518]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375518|constituency of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q48725652|list of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26685543|Q26685543]]
| ''[[:d:Q26685543|constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54375527|Q54375527]]
| ''[[:d:Q54375527|constituency of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q15728637|list of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47490604|Q47490604]]
| ''[[:d:Q47490604|constituency of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16056659|list of constituencies of West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818573|Q59818573]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818573|constituency of the Yobe state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59818574|Q59818574]]
| ''[[:d:Q59818574|constituency of the Zamfara state house of assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139505677|Q139505677]]
| ''[[:d:Q139505677|constituency of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1763527|Q1763527]]
| ''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3336843|Q3336843]]
| ''[[:d:Q3336843|constituent country of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15921247|Q15921247]]
| ''[[:d:Q15921247|constituent locality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56219758|Q56219758]]
| ''[[:d:Q56219758|constituent republic within Czechoslovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66383092|Q66383092]]
| ''[[:d:Q66383092|constitutional oligarchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q79751|oligarchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q589596|Q589596]]
| ''[[:d:Q589596|Contado]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q171809|Q171809]]
| [[Contato (Anglaterra)]]
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47168|Q47168]]
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13360155|county or county-equivalent]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6646949|lists of counties in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13360157|list of United States counties and county-equivalents]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16153320|list of former United States counties]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q180673|Q180673]]
| ''[[:d:Q180673|contato ceremonial de Anglaterra]]''
| [[Contato (Anglaterra)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6544379|lieutenancy area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17143371|Q17143371]]
| ''[[:d:Q17143371|contato de Corea del Sud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20113851|gun]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6613766|list of counties in South Korea]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1138494|Q1138494]]
| ''[[:d:Q1138494|contato historic de Anglaterra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67376938|historic county of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28686412|Q28686412]]
| ''[[:d:Q28686412|contemporary city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140893300|Q140893300]]
| ''[[:d:Q140893300|contiguous transcontinental country]]''
| [[pais transcontinental]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2166707|Q2166707]]
| ''[[:d:Q2166707|contiguous zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136338767|maritime zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25449457|Q25449457]]
| ''[[:d:Q25449457|continental country]]''
| [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q769802|Q769802]]
| ''[[:d:Q769802|continental union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4120211|regional organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q245065|intergovernmental organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5165398|Q5165398]]
| ''[[:d:Q5165398|continuing care retirement community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1269448|retirement community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28045079|Q28045079]]
| ''[[:d:Q28045079|contour fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11691422|Q11691422]]
| ''[[:d:Q11691422|Contravallatio]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2393037|Q2393037]]
| ''[[:d:Q2393037|contravallation line]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1129185|Q1129185]]
| ''[[:d:Q1129185|control and reporting centre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109658711|Q109658711]]
| ''[[:d:Q109658711|convent of Discalced Carmelite nuns]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6021560|nunnery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1128397|convent]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2750108|priory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109670594|carmel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132296770|Roman Catholic monastery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109587150|Q109587150]]
| ''[[:d:Q109587150|Conventual Franciscan province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q429699|Q429699]]
| ''[[:d:Q429699|conventus iuridicus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4198306|Q4198306]]
| ''[[:d:Q4198306|Cook Islands electorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111594575|Q111594575]]
| ''[[:d:Q111594575|Coordinated Conservation Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28000852|Q28000852]]
| ''[[:d:Q28000852|Coordinating Center of North Caucasus Muslims]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4891503|Q4891503]]
| ''[[:d:Q4891503|cora]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5788144|Q5788144]]
| ''[[:d:Q5788144|coracha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1784293|Q1784293]]
| ''[[:d:Q1784293|cordon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1355821|frontier]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87311542|Q87311542]]
| ''[[:d:Q87311542|core city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1137833|Q1137833]]
| ''[[:d:Q1137833|core city of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494721|city of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5170193|Q5170193]]
| ''[[:d:Q5170193|core country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56398194|Q56398194]]
| ''[[:d:Q56398194|core municipal part with the same name as the municipality in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61089180|municipal part of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1908872|Q1908872]]
| ''[[:d:Q1908872|core state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28418578|Q28418578]]
| ''[[:d:Q28418578|corner tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28776984|Q28776984]]
| ''[[:d:Q28776984|corner tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2209544|Q2209544]]
| ''[[:d:Q2209544|Corps Equestre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1135201|Q1135201]]
| ''[[:d:Q1135201|corpus separatum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17152565|international zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3062294|Latin phrase]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2135465|legal term or legal concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4228434|Q4228434]]
| ''[[:d:Q4228434|corrective labor colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1140316|penal colony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2298529|Q2298529]]
| ''[[:d:Q2298529|corregimiento]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5789273|Q5789273]]
| ''[[:d:Q5789273|corregimiento de Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2298529|corregimiento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2997887|Q2997887]]
| ''[[:d:Q2997887|Corregimiento departamental in Kolumbien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5172823|corregimiento of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5172823|Q5172823]]
| ''[[:d:Q5172823|corregimiento of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3685463|Q3685463]]
| ''[[:d:Q3685463|corregimiento of Panama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055414|administrative territorial entity of Panama]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2298529|corregimiento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1441562|Q1441562]]
| ''[[:d:Q1441562|coterminous municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106072745|Q106072745]]
| ''[[:d:Q106072745|coterminous town-village of New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1441562|coterminous municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106071004|town of New York]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55237813|village of New York]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19948005|Q19948005]]
| ''[[:d:Q19948005|council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15060255|Q15060255]]
| ''[[:d:Q15060255|council area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110415260|unitary authority area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6596565|list of Scottish council areas by highest point]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3143017|list of Scottish council areas by area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6596566|list of Scottish council areas by number of Scottish Gaelic speakers]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6596567|list of Scottish council areas by population density]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3143026|list of Scottish council areas by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065171|Q54065171]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065171|Council Constituency of Central and Western District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065060|Q54065060]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065060|Council Constituency of Eastern District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065243|Q54065243]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065243|Council Constituency of Islands District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064971|Q54064971]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064971|Council Constituency of Kowloon City District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064941|Q54064941]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064941|Council Constituency of Kwai Tsing District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065034|Q54065034]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065034|Council Constituency of Kwun Tong District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064842|Q54064842]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064842|Council Constituency of North District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065131|Q54065131]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065131|Council Constituency of Sai Kung District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064913|Q54064913]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064913|Council Constituency of Sha Tin District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065094|Q54065094]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065094|Council Constituency of Sham Shui Po District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065003|Q54065003]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065003|Council Constituency of Southern District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065205|Q54065205]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065205|Council Constituency of Tai Po District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54065277|Q54065277]]
| ''[[:d:Q54065277|Council Constituency of Tsuen Wan District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064541|Q54064541]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064541|Council Constituency of Tuen Mun District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064403|Q54064403]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064403|Council Constituency of Wan Chai District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064812|Q54064812]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064812|Council Constituency of Wong Tai Sin District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064884|Q54064884]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064884|Council Constituency of Yau Tsim Mong District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54064774|Q54064774]]
| ''[[:d:Q54064774|Council Constituency of Yuen Long District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124655903|Q124655903]]
| ''[[:d:Q124655903|council of governments in Connecticut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5176530|council of governments]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48806565|regional planning organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989421|Q2989421]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989421|council of Navarre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59369306|Q59369306]]
| ''[[:d:Q59369306|Council of Tuvalu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6052783|administrative territorial entity of Tuvalu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110661980|Q110661980]]
| ''[[:d:Q110661980|councillors in county councils, Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4321471|county council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q946819|Q946819]]
| ''[[:d:Q946819|council–manager government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16551442|Q16551442]]
| ''[[:d:Q16551442|Count of Pozos Dulces]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1823242|Q1823242]]
| ''[[:d:Q1823242|counter approach]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91764|military trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1484801|Q1484801]]
| ''[[:d:Q1484801|counter-castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17007978|Q17007978]]
| ''[[:d:Q17007978|counterintelligence state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17176417|Q17176417]]
| ''[[:d:Q17176417|counterscarp battery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20105287|Q20105287]]
| ''[[:d:Q20105287|counties of the Balearic Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139783048|Q139783048]]
| ''[[:d:Q139783048|country at time of event]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63791824|Q63791824]]
| ''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5690694|Q5690694]]
| ''[[:d:Q5690694|country castle]]''
| [[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q489357|farmhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3373417|Q3373417]]
| ''[[:d:Q3373417|country of origin]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112234259|source type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133143995|Q133143995]]
| ''[[:d:Q133143995|country of production]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140892892|Q140892892]]
| ''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]''
| [[pais]]
| ''[[:d:Q66747521|geography term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48760287|Q48760287]]
| ''[[:d:Q48760287|Countryside Residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5782355|Q5782355]]
| ''[[:d:Q5782355|Counts of Vega del Sella]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q353344|Q353344]]
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28575|Q28575]]
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q852231|Q852231]]
| ''[[:d:Q852231|county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726223|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60847853|Q60847853]]
| ''[[:d:Q60847853|County]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930146|Q140930146]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930146|County Board]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1137272|Q1137272]]
| ''[[:d:Q1137272|county borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930154|Q140930154]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930154|County Charter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1175522|Q1175522]]
| ''[[:d:Q1175522|County city (council system)]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930090|Q140930090]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930090|County Commission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2998917|Q2998917]]
| ''[[:d:Q2998917|county corporate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4321471|Q4321471]]
| ''[[:d:Q4321471|county council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21272231|Q21272231]]
| ''[[:d:Q21272231|county council area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643815|metropolitan or non-metropolitan county of England]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58937084|Q58937084]]
| ''[[:d:Q58937084|county council of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5177794|Q5177794]]
| ''[[:d:Q5177794|county council of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4321471|county council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85164347|Q85164347]]
| ''[[:d:Q85164347|county council of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8100472|secondary municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55078692|Q55078692]]
| ''[[:d:Q55078692|county council of the Republic of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4321471|county council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9248427|Q9248427]]
| ''[[:d:Q9248427|County district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930145|Q140930145]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930145|County Executive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91083372|Q91083372]]
| ''[[:d:Q91083372|county in Czechoslovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91075634|župy v Československu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133812568|Q133812568]]
| ''[[:d:Q133812568|County in Gansu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133812567|甘肃省县级行政区]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1289426|county of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12083042|Q12083042]]
| ''[[:d:Q12083042|county level division of the Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930143|Q140930143]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930143|County Manager Form]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930142|Q140930142]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930142|County Manager Plan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410400|Q13410400]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410400|county of Alabama]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q558695|list of counties in Alabama]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104251|Q104251]]
| ''[[:d:Q104251|county of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[oblast]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q25668812|counties of Albania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55030674|Q55030674]]
| ''[[:d:Q55030674|county of American Samoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2710679|administrative territorial entity of American Samoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13217186|Q13217186]]
| ''[[:d:Q13217186|county of Arizona]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q729140|list of counties in Arizona]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11774062|Q11774062]]
| ''[[:d:Q11774062|county of Arkansas]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17361351|administrative territorial entity of Arkansas]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7225125|political subdivison]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16562419|political entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q777402|list of counties in Arkansas]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20974973|Q20974973]]
| ''[[:d:Q20974973|county of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13212489|Q13212489]]
| ''[[:d:Q13212489|county of California]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7225125|political subdivison]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16562419|political entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q317936|list of counties in California]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2991484|Q2991484]]
| ''[[:d:Q2991484|county of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1289426|Q1289426]]
| ''[[:d:Q1289426|county of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104828357|Q104828357]]
| ''[[:d:Q104828357|County of city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410403|Q13410403]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410403|county of Colorado]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q839602|list of counties in Colorado]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414354|Q13414354]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414354|county of Connecticut]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q834631|list of counties in Connecticut]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410411|Q13410411]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410411|county of Delaware]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q606191|list of counties in Delaware]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q876730|Q876730]]
| ''[[:d:Q876730|county of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q64689129|type of legal entity in Denmark]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2996700|Q2996700]]
| ''[[:d:Q2996700|county of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q189672|Q189672]]
| ''[[:d:Q189672|county of Estonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620181|administrative territorial entity of Estonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q14508686|ranked list of Estonian counties]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410422|Q13410422]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410422|county of Florida]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q839066|list of counties in Florida]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5781576|Q5781576]]
| ''[[:d:Q5781576|County of Fontao]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410428|Q13410428]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410428|county of Georgia]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q260636|list of counties in Georgia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410431|Q13410431]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410431|county of Hawaii]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q843196|list of counties in Hawaii]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q188604|Q188604]]
| ''[[:d:Q188604|county of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107024302|Q107024302]]
| ''[[:d:Q107024302|county of Iceland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q156246|list of counties of Iceland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410433|Q13410433]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410433|county of Idaho]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q749406|list of counties in Idaho]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11812346|Q11812346]]
| ''[[:d:Q11812346|county of Illinois]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110071045|unit of local government in Illinois]]''<br/>[[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q839730|list of counties in Illinois]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410438|Q13410438]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410438|county of Indiana]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q664108|list of counties in Indiana]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11774149|Q11774149]]
| ''[[:d:Q11774149|county of Iowa]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q635206|list of counties in Iowa]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137535|Q137535]]
| ''[[:d:Q137535|county of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q21011115|list of counties in Iran]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q179872|Q179872]]
| ''[[:d:Q179872|county of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85625936|Q85625936]]
| ''[[:d:Q85625936|county of Jamaica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q67770276|historic county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410444|Q13410444]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410444|county of Kansas]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q312105|list of counties in Kansas]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410447|Q13410447]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410447|county of Kentucky]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1428648|list of counties in Kentucky]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q269218|Q269218]]
| ''[[:d:Q269218|county of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976641|administrative territorial entity of Kenya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21772581|Q21772581]]
| ''[[:d:Q21772581|county of Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q874821|Q874821]]
| ''[[:d:Q874821|county of Liberia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q273789|Q273789]]
| ''[[:d:Q273789|county of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1364324|uezd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410454|Q13410454]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410454|county of Maine]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q124157135|administrative territorial entity of Maine]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q977301|list of counties in Maine]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410464|Q13410464]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410464|county of Maryland]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q942753|list of counties in Maryland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410485|Q13410485]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410485|county of Massachusetts]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q478424|list of counties in Massachusetts]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11210969|Q11210969]]
| ''[[:d:Q11210969|county of medieval Croatia]]''
| [[Provincias de Croatia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410496|Q13410496]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410496|county of Michigan]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q588061|list of counties in Michigan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12262532|Q12262532]]
| ''[[:d:Q12262532|county of Minnesota]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17379829|administrative territorial entity of Minnesota]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q52459294|list of county courthouses in Minnesota]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114494|list of counties in Minnesota]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410508|Q13410508]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410508|county of Mississippi]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1334227|list of counties in Mississippi]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410520|Q13410520]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410520|county of Missouri]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17379815|administrative territorial entity of Missouri]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q65090222|list of county courthouses in Missouri]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q852579|list of counties in Missouri]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4469598|Q4469598]]
| ''[[:d:Q4469598|County of Moldova]]''
| ''[[:d:Q542797|administrative territorial entity of Moldova]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414358|Q13414358]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414358|county of Montana]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q949517|list of counties in Montana]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414361|Q13414361]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414361|county of Nebraska]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17379821|administrative territorial entity of Nebraska]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q144200|list of counties in Nebraska]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414369|Q13414369]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414369|county of Nevada]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q876562|list of counties in Nevada]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q603715|Q603715]]
| ''[[:d:Q603715|county of New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3111821|community of New Brunswick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2991484|county of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q13414753|Q13414753]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414753|county of New Hampshire]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6664398|local government in New Hampshire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17361640|administrative territorial entity of New Hampshire]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q912321|list of counties in New Hampshire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414754|Q13414754]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414754|county of New Jersey]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6664400|local government in New Jersey]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1161678|list of counties in New Jersey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414755|Q13414755]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414755|county of New Mexico]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1334180|list of counties in New Mexico]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15643578|Q15643578]]
| ''[[:d:Q15643578|county of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20974973|county of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6485012|lands administrative division of New South Wales]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414757|Q13414757]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414757|county of New York]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q762726|list of counties in New York]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16822724|Q16822724]]
| ''[[:d:Q16822724|county of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414758|Q13414758]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414758|county of North Carolina]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17379818|administrative territorial entity of North Carolina]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1056906|list of counties in North Carolina]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12178655|Q12178655]]
| ''[[:d:Q12178655|county of North Dakota]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17379817|administrative territorial entity of North Dakota]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q253769|list of counties in North Dakota]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18534049|Q18534049]]
| ''[[:d:Q18534049|county of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20113851|gun]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1317848|Q1317848]]
| ''[[:d:Q1317848|county of Northern Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1049540|administrative territorial entity of Northern Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q67376938|historic county of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q192299|Q192299]]
| ''[[:d:Q192299|county of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11774771|Q11774771]]
| ''[[:d:Q11774771|county of Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2991484|county of Canada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1838006|list of counties of Nova Scotia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414759|Q13414759]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414759|county of Ohio]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1334204|list of counties in Ohio]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414760|Q13414760]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414760|county of Oklahoma]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1334169|list of counties in Oklahoma]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14763041|Q14763041]]
| ''[[:d:Q14763041|county of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16295254|upper-tier municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2991484|county of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414761|Q13414761]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414761|county of Oregon]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q838150|list of counties in Oregon]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414763|Q13414763]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414763|county of Pennsylvania]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1428625|list of counties in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3248567|Q3248567]]
| ''[[:d:Q3248567|county of Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15618485|administrative territorial entity of Prince Edward Island]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2991484|county of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q15643599|Q15643599]]
| ''[[:d:Q15643599|county of Queensland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20974973|county of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6485014|lands administrative division of Queensland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101057139|Q101057139]]
| ''[[:d:Q101057139|county of Razavi Khorasan Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137535|county of Iran]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q79458703|list of counties in Razavi Khorasan province]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414764|Q13414764]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414764|county of Rhode Island]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q754146|list of counties in Rhode Island]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5782037|Q5782037]]
| ''[[:d:Q5782037|county of Santa Eufemia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15129124|Q15129124]]
| ''[[:d:Q15129124|County of Santa Marta de Babío]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15643615|Q15643615]]
| ''[[:d:Q15643615|county of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20974973|county of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6485015|lands administrative division of South Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414765|Q13414765]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414765|county of South Carolina]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1057405|list of counties in South Carolina]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12037308|Q12037308]]
| ''[[:d:Q12037308|county of South Dakota]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q923462|list of counties in South Dakota]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q279479|Q279479]]
| ''[[:d:Q279479|county of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q200547|Q200547]]
| ''[[:d:Q200547|county of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q706447|Q706447]]
| ''[[:d:Q706447|county of Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12083042|county level division of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69936911|Q69936911]]
| ''[[:d:Q69936911|county of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1122846|district of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69936573|prefecture of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5177120|Q5177120]]
| ''[[:d:Q5177120|county of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415366|Q13415366]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415366|county of Tennessee]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q632767|list of counties in Tennessee]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11774097|Q11774097]]
| ''[[:d:Q11774097|county of Texas]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q757323|list of counties in Texas]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41720204|Q41720204]]
| ''[[:d:Q41720204|county of the Kingdom of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2358894|former administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1776764|county of Romania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15643694|Q15643694]]
| ''[[:d:Q15643694|county of the Northern Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20974973|county of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19563262|Q19563262]]
| ''[[:d:Q19563262|county of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q64606162|administrative territorial entity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26654367|former county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18330720|Q18330720]]
| ''[[:d:Q18330720|county of the Second Polish Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18330719|administrative territorial entity of the Second Polish Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1379030|Q1379030]]
| ''[[:d:Q1379030|county of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5177123|Q5177123]]
| ''[[:d:Q5177123|county of Trinidad and Tobago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5177124|Q5177124]]
| ''[[:d:Q5177124|county of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415365|Q13415365]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415365|county of Utah]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17379825|administrative territorial entity of Utah]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1164014|list of counties in Utah]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415367|Q13415367]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415367|county of Vermont]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1135187|list of counties in Vermont]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5177126|Q5177126]]
| ''[[:d:Q5177126|county of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20974973|county of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28930150|lands administrative division of Victoria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415368|Q13415368]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7225123|administrative territorial entity of Virginia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q919529|list of counties in Virginia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415369|Q13415369]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415369|county of Washington]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q849313|list of counties in Washington]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415370|Q13415370]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415370|county of West Virginia]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1412139|list of counties in West Virginia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15643559|Q15643559]]
| ''[[:d:Q15643559|county of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20974973|county of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12178928|Q12178928]]
| ''[[:d:Q12178928|county of Wisconsin]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7225124|administrative territorial entity of Wisconsin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1135704|list of counties in Wisconsin]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415371|Q13415371]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415371|county of Wyoming]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q254817|list of counties in Wyoming]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104999170|Q104999170]]
| ''[[:d:Q104999170|county office of education in California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13360155|Q13360155]]
| ''[[:d:Q13360155|county or county-equivalent]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13360157|list of United States counties and county-equivalents]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2991489|Q2991489]]
| ''[[:d:Q2991489|County palatine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149846|Q149846]]
| ''[[:d:Q149846|County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q190967|Crusader states]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2991489|County palatine]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5177940|Q5177940]]
| ''[[:d:Q5177940|county park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6063204|regional park]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34843301|Q34843301]]
| ''[[:d:Q34843301|county seat in Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>[[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1175512|Q1175512]]
| ''[[:d:Q1175512|county town]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q713146|Q713146]]
| ''[[:d:Q713146|county-administered city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12081657|township level division of the Republic of China]]''<br/>[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1045593|Q1045593]]
| ''[[:d:Q1045593|county-controlled district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1188782|Q1188782]]
| ''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13360155|county or county-equivalent]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q13360157|list of United States counties and county-equivalents]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1070990|Q1070990]]
| ''[[:d:Q1070990|county-level city of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113414331|Q113414331]]
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q848025|list of county-level divisions of China]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15922766|Q15922766]]
| ''[[:d:Q15922766|courier route]]''
| ''[[:d:Q445741|historic road]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111208271|Q111208271]]
| ''[[:d:Q111208271|Couronne (État)]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10261280|Q10261280]]
| ''[[:d:Q10261280|couto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1182020|Q1182020]]
| ''[[:d:Q1182020|cover ditch]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106411218|Q106411218]]
| ''[[:d:Q106411218|CQ-Zone]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91759|Q91759]]
| ''[[:d:Q91759|crannog]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q13691|artificial island]]''<br/>[[casa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4724370|Q4724370]]
| ''[[:d:Q4724370|Crayestein Castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615810|water castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5183566|Q5183566]]
| ''[[:d:Q5183566|creative city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17290932|Q17290932]]
| ''[[:d:Q17290932|Cree reserved land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3558965|Q3558965]]
| ''[[:d:Q3558965|Cree village]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2997748|Q2997748]]
| ''[[:d:Q2997748|Crenellated guardhouse, 1846 model]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2914427|guardhouse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1351282|Q1351282]]
| ''[[:d:Q1351282|crown colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q185086|Q185086]]
| ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5473816|Q5473816]]
| ''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q681026|Q681026]]
| ''[[:d:Q681026|crown land of Austria]]''
| [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1399486|Länderei (estate)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92275707|Q92275707]]
| ''[[:d:Q92275707|crusader castle]]''
| [[castello]]<br/>[[Citadella]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q931324|list of Crusader castles]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q190967|Q190967]]
| ''[[:d:Q190967|Crusader states]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3006747|Q3006747]]
| ''[[:d:Q3006747|cueillette]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15980675|administrative territorial entity of Jersey]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110239886|Q110239886]]
| ''[[:d:Q110239886|Cuirasse Decauville]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134445478|Q134445478]]
| ''[[:d:Q134445478|cultural capital]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5193758|Q5193758]]
| ''[[:d:Q5193758|culă]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15896596|Q15896596]]
| ''[[:d:Q15896596|curazia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2490986|administrative territorial entity of San Marino]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1521022|Q1521022]]
| ''[[:d:Q1521022|currency area]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20719642|Q20719642]]
| ''[[:d:Q20719642|current region of France]]''
| [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89794|Q89794]]
| ''[[:d:Q89794|curtain wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2828716|Q2828716]]
| ''[[:d:Q2828716|customary area of New-Caledonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5196413|Q5196413]]
| ''[[:d:Q5196413|Customary freehold]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4492696|freehold]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16836659|feudal land tenure in England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66493932|land tenure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84671480|Q84671480]]
| ''[[:d:Q84671480|customary kingdom of Wallis and Futuna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q218574|Q218574]]
| ''[[:d:Q218574|Customs exclusion zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q218631|customs territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q218631|Q218631]]
| ''[[:d:Q218631|customs territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125470455|Q125470455]]
| ''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q218631|customs territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1392581|Q1392581]]
| ''[[:d:Q1392581|cycling city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11863091|Q11863091]]
| ''[[:d:Q11863091|Czech artillery fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39535649|artillery fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42304273|Q42304273]]
| ''[[:d:Q42304273|Czech Gords]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88598|gord]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q517432|Q517432]]
| ''[[:d:Q517432|Czech hedgehog]]''
| ''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10860585|Q10860585]]
| ''[[:d:Q10860585|Czech lands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7819319|Q7819319]]
| ''[[:d:Q7819319|Czech municipality with expanded powers]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5153359|municipalitate del Republica Chec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12060255|Q12060255]]
| ''[[:d:Q12060255|Czechoslovak heavy fortification]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62273602|Q62273602]]
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12032893|Q12032893]]
| ''[[:d:Q12032893|Czechoslovak light fortification]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12032892|Q12032892]]
| ''[[:d:Q12032892|Czechoslovak light pillboxes Model 36]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12032893|Czechoslovak light fortification]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3491315|Q3491315]]
| ''[[:d:Q3491315|Czechoslovak light pillboxes Model 37]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12032893|Czechoslovak light fortification]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15008703|Q15008703]]
| ''[[:d:Q15008703|Daba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4313794|populated place in Georgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2313031|Q2313031]]
| ''[[:d:Q2313031|Daerah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25579722|Q25579722]]
| ''[[:d:Q25579722|Daerah Istimewa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5007997|special region of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17320423|Q17320423]]
| ''[[:d:Q17320423|Daerah Khusus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5007997|special region of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25461531|Q25461531]]
| ''[[:d:Q25461531|Daerah Swatantra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10856363|Q10856363]]
| ''[[:d:Q10856363|daiba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3012073|Q3012073]]
| ''[[:d:Q3012073|daikansho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q481289|residentia official]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11442078|Q11442078]]
| ''[[:d:Q11442078|Daikoku-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11408956|Hakata Matsubayashi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132732973|Q132732973]]
| ''[[:d:Q132732973|daira of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2576151|daïra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2576151|daïra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132732881|administrative territorial entity of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15093669|Q15093669]]
| ''[[:d:Q15093669|Dalmatian city-states]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12333120|Q12333120]]
| ''[[:d:Q12333120|Danish regional council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62326|region of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4358176|council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110315658|elected legislative house]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18238302|Q18238302]]
| ''[[:d:Q18238302|Danmarks hertigdömen]]''
| [[ducato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10466601|Q10466601]]
| ''[[:d:Q10466601|Danske grevskaber og baronier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q627527|Q627527]]
| ''[[:d:Q627527|Danubian Principalities]]''
| [[Principato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140757197|Q140757197]]
| ''[[:d:Q140757197|Dapitan, Bahandi nga Gasa]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q523896|regional hymn]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2401504|Q2401504]]
| ''[[:d:Q2401504|darugha]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5228121|Q5228121]]
| ''[[:d:Q5228121|dava]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2576151|Q2576151]]
| ''[[:d:Q2576151|daïra]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129319205|Q129319205]]
| ''[[:d:Q129319205|de facto national capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129319315|Q129319315]]
| ''[[:d:Q129319315|de jure national capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1180261|Q1180261]]
| ''[[:d:Q1180261|De Redin towers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5138347|coastal defence and fortification]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1293150|coastal tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q385337|Q385337]]
| ''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4087929|Q4087929]]
| ''[[:d:Q4087929|deanery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q903058|Q903058]]
| ''[[:d:Q903058|Debrecen városrészei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q179997|Q179997]]
| [[Dece-Tres Colonias]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1351282|crown colony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q93465891|tridecad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559207|Q3559207]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559207|decentralized administration of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1808877|Q1808877]]
| ''[[:d:Q1808877|deelgemeente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28081313|municipality section]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27678942|Q27678942]]
| ''[[:d:Q27678942|deep bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12146012|underground structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1658150|Q1658150]]
| ''[[:d:Q1658150|deep state]]''
| [[stato]]
| [[Theoria de conspiration]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2611489|Q2611489]]
| ''[[:d:Q2611489|defence work]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3575784|Q3575784]]
| ''[[:d:Q3575784|Defense and Security zone of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973801|Q2973801]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12134975|Q12134975]]
| ''[[:d:Q12134975|defense structure]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q6520285|nadolba]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4329655|Q4329655]]
| ''[[:d:Q4329655|defensible barracks]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98002530|Q98002530]]
| ''[[:d:Q98002530|defensive dyke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109045387|Q109045387]]
| ''[[:d:Q109045387|Defensive systems of Roman Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20034791|Q20034791]]
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''
| [[Turre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57346|Q57346]]
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42948|wall]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19832914|Q19832914]]
| ''[[:d:Q19832914|defined community of Minneapolis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17379829|administrative territorial entity of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687178|type of administrative division in the United States]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137455956|Q137455956]]
| ''[[:d:Q137455956|Defunct episcopal conference]]''
| ''[[:d:Q637017|episcopal conference]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137455968|Defunct Christian organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27780831|Q27780831]]
| ''[[:d:Q27780831|defunct Roman Catholic diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122911333|former diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49496556|Q49496556]]
| ''[[:d:Q49496556|degmooyin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49495331|administrative territorial entity of Somaliland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498857|Q101498857]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498857|Delaware Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498966|Q101498966]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498966|Delaware Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5801671|Q5801671]]
| ''[[:d:Q5801671|delegación de Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21869758|Q21869758]]
| ''[[:d:Q21869758|delegated commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1184072|Q1184072]]
| ''[[:d:Q1184072|delegation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631079|administrative territorial entity of Tunisia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136296131|Q136296131]]
| ''[[:d:Q136296131|apostolic delegation or legation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q672490|Q672490]]
| ''[[:d:Q672490|deme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q38198642|list of Attic demes]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41691|Q41691]]
| ''[[:d:Q41691|demilitarized zone]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q133521624|restricted area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11836899|military restricted area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5255879|Q5255879]]
| ''[[:d:Q5255879|democratic empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''<br/>[[democratia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11547860|Q11547860]]
| ''[[:d:Q11547860|democratic kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17600144|Q17600144]]
| ''[[:d:Q17600144|dena]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11547167|Q11547167]]
| ''[[:d:Q11547167|denka no watariryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10466612|Q10466612]]
| ''[[:d:Q10466612|Denmark county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140592609|Q140592609]]
| ''[[:d:Q140592609|Denmark–Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188800|personal union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1806767|Q1806767]]
| ''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20572379|Q20572379]]
| ''[[:d:Q20572379|departement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q643589|Q643589]]
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q250050|Q250050]]
| ''[[:d:Q250050|departimento de Bolivia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q213918|administrative territorial entity of Bolivia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17068371|Departments of Bolivia by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6465|Q6465]]
| ''[[:d:Q6465|departimento de Francia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q202216|Q202216]]
| ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6465|departimento de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26934845|integral overseas territory]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
| departimento de Francia foras del Francia metropolitan
|-
| [[:d:Q3044792|Q3044792]]
| ''[[:d:Q3044792|department of Algeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6721654|administrative territorial entity of Algeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q952274|Q952274]]
| ''[[:d:Q952274|department of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q792929|Q792929]]
| ''[[:d:Q792929|department of Benin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502443|administrative territorial entity of Benin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2566190|Q2566190]]
| ''[[:d:Q2566190|department of Burkina Faso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15063111|administrative territorial entity of Burkina Faso]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2306813|Q2306813]]
| ''[[:d:Q2306813|department of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2711758|Q2711758]]
| ''[[:d:Q2711758|department of Chad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044747|administrative territorial entity of Chad]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q5803078|Q5803078]]
| ''[[:d:Q5803078|department of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q215655|Q215655]]
| ''[[:d:Q215655|department of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q475214|Q475214]]
| ''[[:d:Q475214|department of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3044799|Q3044799]]
| ''[[:d:Q3044799|department of France in Algeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6465|departimento de Francia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17260562|Q17260562]]
| ''[[:d:Q17260562|department of Gran Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20973604|department of Gran Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17260649|Q17260649]]
| ''[[:d:Q17260649|department of Gran Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20973604|department of Gran Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20973604|Q20973604]]
| ''[[:d:Q20973604|department of Gran Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2878183|administrative territorial entity of Gran Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27448|Q27448]]
| ''[[:d:Q27448|department of Guatemala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2836357|administrative territorial entity of Guatemala]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62127|Q62127]]
| ''[[:d:Q62127|department of Haiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1779026|administrative territorial entity of Haiti]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q728145|Q728145]]
| ''[[:d:Q728145|department of Honduras]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15097620|administrative territorial entity of Honduras]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q617807|Q617807]]
| ''[[:d:Q617807|department of Ivory Coast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2679154|administrative territorial entity of Ivory Coast]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3263368|Q3263368]]
| ''[[:d:Q3263368|department of Mauritania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631060|administrative territorial entity of Mauritania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15977928|Q15977928]]
| ''[[:d:Q15977928|department of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q822715|Q822715]]
| ''[[:d:Q822715|department of Nicaragua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126956|administrative territorial entity of Nicaragua]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2914501|Q2914501]]
| ''[[:d:Q2914501|department of Niger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683538|administrative territorial entity of Niger]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q815068|Q815068]]
| ''[[:d:Q815068|department of Paraguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374547|administrative territorial entity of Paraguay]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q861184|Q861184]]
| ''[[:d:Q861184|department of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5260575|Q5260575]]
| ''[[:d:Q5260575|department of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39635453|Q39635453]]
| ''[[:d:Q39635453|department of Prussia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18559091|administrative territorial entity of Prussia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q751030|Q751030]]
| ''[[:d:Q751030|department of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15631887|Q15631887]]
| ''[[:d:Q15631887|department of the Batavian Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17308849|administrative territorial entity of the Batavian Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5260552|Q5260552]]
| ''[[:d:Q5260552|Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92938359|Q92938359]]
| ''[[:d:Q92938359|department of the Cisalpine Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623448|Q15623448]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623448|department of the Duchy of Warsaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1142056|subdivisions of the Duchy of Warsaw]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29033733|Q29033733]]
| ''[[:d:Q29033733|department of the Grand Duchy of Berg]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30329227|Q30329227]]
| ''[[:d:Q30329227|department of the Illyrian Provinces]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30329223|subdivision of the Illyrian Provinces]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17308967|Q17308967]]
| ''[[:d:Q17308967|department of the Kingdom of Holland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17308973|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Holland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q868893|Q868893]]
| ''[[:d:Q868893|department of the Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4161597|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56059|Q56059]]
| ''[[:d:Q56059|department of Uruguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620020|administrative territorial entity of Uruguay]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1806767|departamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106534046|Q106534046]]
| ''[[:d:Q106534046|dependency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46260602|Q46260602]]
| ''[[:d:Q46260602|dependency of Antigua and Barbuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15647606|administrative territorial entity of Antigua and Barbuda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55433027|Q55433027]]
| ''[[:d:Q55433027|dependency of Fiji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1062445|administrative territorial entity of Fiji]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5260616|Q5260616]]
| ''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89719188|Q89719188]]
| ''[[:d:Q89719188|dependent territory of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9180816|Q9180816]]
| ''[[:d:Q9180816|dependent territory of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97410416|Q97410416]]
| ''[[:d:Q97410416|derevnya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26211545|Q26211545]]
| ''[[:d:Q26211545|desa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24442740|Q24442740]]
| ''[[:d:Q24442740|desa adat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q956318|Q956318]]
| ''[[:d:Q956318|designated place of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11497966|Q11497966]]
| ''[[:d:Q11497966|designated section]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16034119|Q16034119]]
| ''[[:d:Q16034119|despotate]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q196741|Q196741]]
| ''[[:d:Q196741|destroyed church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q565744|Landeskirche]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27404|Q27404]]
| ''[[:d:Q27404|detinets]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48907157|section of populated place]]''
| ''[[:d:Q618123|geographical feature]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132453|Q132453]]
| ''[[:d:Q132453|developed country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q177323|Q177323]]
| ''[[:d:Q177323|developing country]]''
| [[pais]]
| [[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987740|Q122987740]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987740|Development Block of Tripura]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12739243|Q12739243]]
| ''[[:d:Q12739243|development region of Moldova]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q16863871|development region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26561|Q26561]]
| ''[[:d:Q26561|development region of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1246587|Q1246587]]
| ''[[:d:Q1246587|development region of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16863871|development region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27966710|Q27966710]]
| ''[[:d:Q27966710|Development zone of Shenyang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5267014|Q5267014]]
| ''[[:d:Q5267014|Device Forts]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5268974|Q5268974]]
| ''[[:d:Q5268974|dhani]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110273203|Q110273203]]
| ''[[:d:Q110273203|Dhulbahante garesa]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1208283|Q1208283]]
| ''[[:d:Q1208283|Diaconia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q875783|Q875783]]
| ''[[:d:Q875783|diaolou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136522486|Lou building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1209196|Q1209196]]
| ''[[:d:Q1209196|diateichisma]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13135263|Q13135263]]
| ''[[:d:Q13135263|diel]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4161931|Q4161931]]
| ''[[:d:Q4161931|Dinia Nazaraty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12003176|Q12003176]]
| ''[[:d:Q12003176|Diocesan governor (Norway)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q665487|Q665487]]
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41779870|Q41779870]]
| ''[[:d:Q41779870|diocese of the Anglican Church of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18917976|Anglican diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3146899|Q3146899]]
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q163740|nonprofit organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16028021|Q16028021]]
| ''[[:d:Q16028021|Diocese of the Constitutional Church in France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q122911333|former diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2445047|Q2445047]]
| ''[[:d:Q2445047|Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66818387|Lutheran diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19884415|Q19884415]]
| ''[[:d:Q19884415|diocese of the Macedonian Orthodox Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60176300|Eastern Orthodox eparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1235532|Q1235532]]
| ''[[:d:Q1235532|diocese of the Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1208802|Q1208802]]
| ''[[:d:Q1208802|direct-administered municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q119608727|province-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q499073|direct-controlled municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q499073|Q499073]]
| ''[[:d:Q499073|direct-controlled municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15092400|independent city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17266843|Q17266843]]
| ''[[:d:Q17266843|directorate district of Saxony]]''
| [[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31073228|Q31073228]]
| ''[[:d:Q31073228|Disawani]]''
| [[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16557344|Q16557344]]
| ''[[:d:Q16557344|diseminado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48907157|section of populated place]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5264406|designation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16352482|Q16352482]]
| ''[[:d:Q16352482|dispersed settlement in Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22580836|village in Latvia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1372205|dispersed settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15239622|Q15239622]]
| ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q913234|list of territorial disputes]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18663566|Q18663566]]
| ''[[:d:Q18663566|dissolved municipality of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1054813|municipality of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q862161|list of mergers and dissolutions of municipalities in Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1229395|Q1229395]]
| ''[[:d:Q1229395|Distant Early Warning Line]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16905219|early-warning radar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q149621|Q149621]]
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q988198|Q988198]]
| ''[[:d:Q988198|district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1763194|Q1763194]]
| ''[[:d:Q1763194|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106533981|Q106533981]]
| ''[[:d:Q106533981|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131845146|Q131845146]]
| ''[[:d:Q131845146|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135111350|Q135111350]]
| ''[[:d:Q135111350|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139503227|Q139503227]]
| ''[[:d:Q139503227|District]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q2785216|municipality section]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141155596|Q141155596]]
| ''[[:d:Q141155596|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q854401|Q854401]]
| ''[[:d:Q854401|district administration in Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129963382|Q129963382]]
| ''[[:d:Q129963382|district administration of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11424233|Q11424233]]
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131845111|Q131845111]]
| ''[[:d:Q131845111|district busoro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134626|Q134626]]
| ''[[:d:Q134626|district capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129672688|Q129672688]]
| ''[[:d:Q129672688|district capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16690653|Q16690653]]
| ''[[:d:Q16690653|district council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139827748|Q139827748]]
| ''[[:d:Q139827748|district council area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1187580|non-metropolitan district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54063790|Q54063790]]
| ''[[:d:Q54063790|District Council constituency in Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q836365|Q836365]]
| ''[[:d:Q836365|district council of Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2758248|Q2758248]]
| ''[[:d:Q2758248|District Councils of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13011949|local government in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032098|Q3032098]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032098|District coutumier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111748796|Q111748796]]
| ''[[:d:Q111748796|District duchy]]''
| [[Principato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97267766|Q97267766]]
| ''[[:d:Q97267766|district head]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1642488|chiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283326|Q5283326]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283326|district health board of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4287745|medical organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12489956|Q12489956]]
| ''[[:d:Q12489956|district in Dutch East Indies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811416|Q5811416]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q662914|Q662914]]
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28538755|Q28538755]]
| ''[[:d:Q28538755|District in the Kingdom of Galicia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520514|Subdivision of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61793478|Q61793478]]
| ''[[:d:Q61793478|district independent city of Brandenburg]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131840157|Q131840157]]
| ''[[:d:Q131840157|district kinanira]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q927591|Q927591]]
| ''[[:d:Q927591|District Management Area]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1589568|Q1589568]]
| ''[[:d:Q1589568|district municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2666845|municipality of South Africa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327871|Q3327871]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327871|district municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17301072|Q17301072]]
| ''[[:d:Q17301072|district municipality of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q772123|administrative territorial entity of Lithuania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1363145|municipality of Lithuania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4315043|Q4315043]]
| ''[[:d:Q4315043|district national]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129791543|Q129791543]]
| ''[[:d:Q129791543|district of a city of regional significance in Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129675946|Q129675946]]
| ''[[:d:Q129675946|district of a city of republican significance in Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13220372|Q13220372]]
| ''[[:d:Q13220372|district of Abkhazia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q620865|administrative territorial entity of Abkhazia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q496825|Q496825]]
| ''[[:d:Q496825|district of Afghanistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q156772|administrative divisions of Afghanistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123266|Q123266]]
| ''[[:d:Q123266|district of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2614970|Q2614970]]
| ''[[:d:Q2614970|district of Algeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6721654|administrative territorial entity of Algeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2576151|daïra]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96739262|Q96739262]]
| ''[[:d:Q96739262|district of Almería]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28538876|Q28538876]]
| ''[[:d:Q28538876|district of Alsace-Lorraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15618465|Q15618465]]
| ''[[:d:Q15618465|district of American Samoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2710679|administrative territorial entity of American Samoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2597772|Q2597772]]
| ''[[:d:Q2597772|district of Antwerp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139503227|District]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16074658|Q16074658]]
| ''[[:d:Q16074658|district of Arak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q871419|Q871419]]
| ''[[:d:Q871419|district of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13417250|Q13417250]]
| ''[[:d:Q13417250|district of Azerbaijan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137413|administrative territorial entity of Azerbaijan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q103897704|Q103897704]]
| ''[[:d:Q103897704|district of Baku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137413|administrative territorial entity of Azerbaijan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134057399|Q134057399]]
| ''[[:d:Q134057399|district of Bandar Abbas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15634531|Q15634531]]
| ''[[:d:Q15634531|district of Bangkok]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283497|Q5283497]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283497|district of Barbados]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15647212|administrative territorial entity of Barbados]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q790344|Q790344]]
| ''[[:d:Q790344|district of Barcelona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108722037|Q108722037]]
| ''[[:d:Q108722037|district of Bari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85482556|Q85482556]]
| ''[[:d:Q85482556|District of Bavaria]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2043199|Q2043199]]
| ''[[:d:Q2043199|district of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q765865|Q765865]]
| ''[[:d:Q765865|district of Belize]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623956|administrative territorial entity of Belize]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q831889|Q831889]]
| ''[[:d:Q831889|district of Bhutan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055423|subdivisions of Bhutan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57368|Q57368]]
| ''[[:d:Q57368|district of Botswana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q57354|administrative territorial entity of Botswana]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17278423|Q17278423]]
| ''[[:d:Q17278423|district of Bremen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138499196|Q138499196]]
| ''[[:d:Q138499196|district of British Honduras]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17507349|Q17507349]]
| ''[[:d:Q17507349|district of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50427|Q50427]]
| ''[[:d:Q50427|district of Brunei Darussalam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976636|administrative territorial entity of Brunei]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q851110|Q851110]]
| ''[[:d:Q851110|district of Budapest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283483|Q5283483]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283483|District of burghs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18545121|Q18545121]]
| ''[[:d:Q18545121|district of Busan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15901936|district of South Korea (autonomous)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14846918|Q14846918]]
| ''[[:d:Q14846918|district of Cambodia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50201|entitate territorial administrative de Cambodgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6350957|Q6350957]]
| ''[[:d:Q6350957|district of Cartagena]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15725677|pedanía]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79424059|Q79424059]]
| ''[[:d:Q79424059|district of Chemnitz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62005833|Q62005833]]
| ''[[:d:Q62005833|district of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1065118|Q1065118]]
| ''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032103|Q3032103]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032103|district of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98772456|Q98772456]]
| ''[[:d:Q98772456|district of Company rule in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98772493|administrative territorial entity of Company rule in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2292572|Q2292572]]
| ''[[:d:Q2292572|district of Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3917124|administrative territorial entity of Costa Rica]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59136|Q59136]]
| ''[[:d:Q59136|district of Cyprus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8435708|administrative territorial entity of Cyprus Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22085013|eparchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60223819|type of administrative division of the Republic of Cyprus]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811413|Q5811413]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811413|district of Córdoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283507|Q5283507]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283507|district of Davao City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137757061|Q137757061]]
| ''[[:d:Q137757061|district of Dubrovnik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q317669|Q317669]]
| ''[[:d:Q317669|district of Düsseldorf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63342446|Q63342446]]
| ''[[:d:Q63342446|district of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127499753|Q127499753]]
| ''[[:d:Q127499753|district of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q349084|Q349084]]
| ''[[:d:Q349084|district of England]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17601336|district of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126723649|Q126723649]]
| ''[[:d:Q126723649|district of Equatorial Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3557016|administrative territorial entity of Equatorial Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283513|Q5283513]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283513|district of Espoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q690840|Q690840]]
| ''[[:d:Q690840|district of Ethiopia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3710483|Q3710483]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710483|district of Fiji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1062445|administrative territorial entity of Fiji]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1229713|Q1229713]]
| ''[[:d:Q1229713|district of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41762037|Q41762037]]
| ''[[:d:Q41762037|district of German East Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q545769|Q545769]]
| ''[[:d:Q545769|district of Ghana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15045746|administrative territorial entity of Ghana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112151069|Q112151069]]
| ''[[:d:Q112151069|district of Gran Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2878183|administrative territorial entity of Gran Colombia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1852119|Q1852119]]
| ''[[:d:Q1852119|district of Graz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q31202300|list of districts of Graz]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56850218|Q56850218]]
| ''[[:d:Q56850218|district of Hawaii County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118287888|Q118287888]]
| ''[[:d:Q118287888|District of Hungary (1950–1983)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1162835|Q1162835]]
| ''[[:d:Q1162835|district of Hungary (2013-)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q115908310|list of districts of Hungary]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3487904|Q3487904]]
| ''[[:d:Q3487904|District of Hungary (until 1946/50)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56577270|Q56577270]]
| ''[[:d:Q56577270|district of Hämeenlinna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q70144428|list of the city districts in Hämeenlinna]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11864758|Q11864758]]
| ''[[:d:Q11864758|district of Imatra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18545295|Q18545295]]
| ''[[:d:Q18545295|district of Incheon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15901936|district of South Korea (autonomous)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1149652|Q1149652]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149652|district of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125855456|statistical territorial entity of India]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q15726398|list of districts of India]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11353|Q11353]]
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4117798|Q4117798]]
| ''[[:d:Q4117798|district of Iraq]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14925259|administrative territorial entity of Iraq]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101006941|Q101006941]]
| ''[[:d:Q101006941|district of Isfahan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20717263|Q20717263]]
| ''[[:d:Q20717263|district of Ivory Coast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2679154|administrative territorial entity of Ivory Coast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1122846|Q1122846]]
| ''[[:d:Q1122846|district of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q517267|commandery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111649658|list of districts of Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30020391|Q30020391]]
| ''[[:d:Q30020391|district of Joensuu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q18658611|Districts of Joensuu]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35174583|Q35174583]]
| ''[[:d:Q35174583|district of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283515|Q5283515]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283515|district of Jyväskylä]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64188950|Q64188950]]
| ''[[:d:Q64188950|district of Järvenpää]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124064912|Q124064912]]
| ''[[:d:Q124064912|district of Karaj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134467610|Q134467610]]
| ''[[:d:Q134467610|district of Karlovac]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2643128|Q2643128]]
| ''[[:d:Q2643128|district of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q35039143|list of districts of Kazakhstan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12261428|Q12261428]]
| ''[[:d:Q12261428|district of Kemi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3239205|Q3239205]]
| ''[[:d:Q3239205|district of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976641|administrative territorial entity of Kenya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63076981|Q63076981]]
| ''[[:d:Q63076981|district of Kerala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1149652|district of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1748378|list of districts in Kerala]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109548695|Q109548695]]
| ''[[:d:Q109548695|district of Kerman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140478492|Q140478492]]
| ''[[:d:Q140478492|district of Kermanshah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79337953|Q79337953]]
| ''[[:d:Q79337953|district of Kiel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2333944|statistical city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131870172|Q131870172]]
| ''[[:d:Q131870172|district of kigobe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15633137|Q15633137]]
| ''[[:d:Q15633137|district of Kinshasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124400427|Q124400427]]
| ''[[:d:Q124400427|district of Klagenfurt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17496379|city district in Austria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2915243|Q2915243]]
| ''[[:d:Q2915243|district of Kosovo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1057589|Administrative territorial entity of Kosovo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92816813|Q92816813]]
| ''[[:d:Q92816813|district of Kotka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q11876485|quartiers de Kotka]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20251207|Q20251207]]
| ''[[:d:Q20251207|district of Kouvola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106395832|Subdivisions à Kouvola]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28480407|Q28480407]]
| ''[[:d:Q28480407|district of Kuopio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4389100|Q4389100]]
| ''[[:d:Q4389100|district of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623974|administrative territorial entity of Kyrgyzstan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139042612|Q139042612]]
| ''[[:d:Q139042612|district of Lahti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283521|Q5283521]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283521|district of Laos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50199|administrative territorial entity of Laos]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2693910|Q2693910]]
| ''[[:d:Q2693910|district of Lebanon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631056|administrative territorial entity of Lebanon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105658132|Q105658132]]
| ''[[:d:Q105658132|district of Legnano]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3689085|districts of Legnano]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110712535|Q110712535]]
| ''[[:d:Q110712535|district of Leipzig, Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q844531|Q844531]]
| ''[[:d:Q844531|district of Lesotho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2878104|administrative territorial entity of Lesotho]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2421044|Q2421044]]
| ''[[:d:Q2421044|district of Liberia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646706|administrative territorial entity of Liberia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48242|Q48242]]
| ''[[:d:Q48242|district of Libya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16966004|shabiyah]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12806962|Q12806962]]
| ''[[:d:Q12806962|district of Ljubljana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6960199|city municipality of Slovenia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97389785|Q97389785]]
| ''[[:d:Q97389785|District of Logroño]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[Wikipedia:Categoria|categoria Wikimedia]]
|
| categoria Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q101500100|Q101500100]]
| ''[[:d:Q101500100|district of Lohja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85332736|Q85332736]]
| ''[[:d:Q85332736|district of Lower Saxony]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q216888|Q216888]]
| ''[[:d:Q216888|district of Luxembourg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2695008|administrative territorial entity of Luxembourg]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65648446|type of administrative division of Luxembourg]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3556789|Q3556789]]
| ''[[:d:Q3556789|district of Madagascar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1087635|administrative territorial entity of Madagascar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q43219381|Anexo:Distritos de Madagascar]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032114|Q3032114]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032114|district of Madrid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1058387|Q1058387]]
| ''[[:d:Q1058387|district of Malawi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631058|administrative territorial entity of Malawi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1994931|Q1994931]]
| ''[[:d:Q1994931|district of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2540340|Q2540340]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540340|district of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15631694|administrative territorial entity of Malta]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283522|Q5283522]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283522|district of Mandatory Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15665504|administrative territorial entity of Mandatory Palestine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15634883|Q15634883]]
| ''[[:d:Q15634883|district of Manila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6222372|Q6222372]]
| ''[[:d:Q6222372|District of Marbella]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[Wikipedia:Categoria|categoria Wikimedia]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| categoria Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2387050|Q2387050]]
| ''[[:d:Q2387050|district of Mauritius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1139753|district or dependency of Mauritius]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17377631|Q17377631]]
| ''[[:d:Q17377631|district of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118140388|Q118140388]]
| ''[[:d:Q118140388|district of Mikkeli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15068450|Q15068450]]
| ''[[:d:Q15068450|district of Moldova]]''
| ''[[:d:Q542797|administrative territorial entity of Moldova]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1518096|Q1518096]]
| ''[[:d:Q1518096|district of Mongolia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3645512|administrative territorial entity of Mongolia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1761350|sum]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4389092|Q4389092]]
| ''[[:d:Q4389092|district of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2115448|intra-city territory of a federal city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15195406|city district in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2068214|Q2068214]]
| ''[[:d:Q2068214|district of Mozambique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631065|administrative territorial entity of Mozambique]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283500|Q5283500]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283500|district of Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283524|Q5283524]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283524|District of Málaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q319796|Q319796]]
| ''[[:d:Q319796|district of Nauru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976661|administrative territorial entity of Nauru]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2537537|Q2537537]]
| ''[[:d:Q2537537|district of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134514891|Q134514891]]
| ''[[:d:Q134514891|district of Neu-Ulm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2881272|Q2881272]]
| ''[[:d:Q2881272|district of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2603776|Q2603776]]
| ''[[:d:Q2603776|district of Northern Cyprus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374541|administrative territorial entity of Northern Cyprus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21497886|Q21497886]]
| ''[[:d:Q21497886|district of Northern Ireland (1973 to 2015)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1049540|administrative territorial entity of Northern Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q379158|Q379158]]
| ''[[:d:Q379158|district of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200511|Landscape]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q60496904|list of districts and regions in Norway]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14763130|Q14763130]]
| ''[[:d:Q14763130|district of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1536372|census division of Ontario]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134517639|Q134517639]]
| ''[[:d:Q134517639|district of Osijek]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17468479|Q17468479]]
| ''[[:d:Q17468479|district of Oulu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3735314|administrative territorial entity of Oulu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2379075|Q2379075]]
| ''[[:d:Q2379075|district of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1584957|Q1584957]]
| ''[[:d:Q1584957|district of Palermo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976662|subdivision of Palermo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3710488|Q3710488]]
| ''[[:d:Q3710488|district of Panama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055414|administrative territorial entity of Panama]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q141089549|list of districts of Panama]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942893|Q14942893]]
| ''[[:d:Q14942893|district of Papua New Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3098609|administrative territorial entity of Papua New Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2179958|Q2179958]]
| ''[[:d:Q2179958|district of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92919790|Q92919790]]
| ''[[:d:Q92919790|district of Pori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q18159383|Subdivisions de Pori]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032141|Q3032141]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032141|district of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41791733|statistical territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107791087|Q107791087]]
| ''[[:d:Q107791087|district of Prague]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283531|Q5283531]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283531|district of Prussia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18559091|administrative territorial entity of Prussia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630906|rural district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17993999|Q17993999]]
| ''[[:d:Q17993999|district of Rasht]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34984790|Q34984790]]
| ''[[:d:Q34984790|district of Reykjavík]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1143175|administrative division of Iceland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56205755|Q56205755]]
| ''[[:d:Q56205755|district of Rotuma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1841634|Q1841634]]
| ''[[:d:Q1841634|district of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927262|Q3927262]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927262|district of Salzburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1070167|Q1070167]]
| ''[[:d:Q1070167|district of Samoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12761899|administrative territorial entity of Samoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136907657|Q136907657]]
| ''[[:d:Q136907657|district of Samobor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18592633|Q18592633]]
| ''[[:d:Q18592633|district of Santa Maria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141051291|Q141051291]]
| ''[[:d:Q141051291|district of Sari, Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91308861|Q91308861]]
| ''[[:d:Q91308861|district of Seinäjoki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15634846|Q15634846]]
| ''[[:d:Q15634846|district of Seoul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15901936|district of South Korea (autonomous)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q648681|Q648681]]
| ''[[:d:Q648681|district of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1149621|Q1149621]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149621|district of Seychelles]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5937006|administrative territorial entity of Seychelles]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5960320|Q5960320]]
| ''[[:d:Q5960320|district of Shiraz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1298632|Q1298632]]
| ''[[:d:Q1298632|district of Sierra Leone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055419|administrative territorial entity of Sierra Leone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2264478|Q2264478]]
| ''[[:d:Q2264478|district of Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q243669|subdivisions of Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q770948|okres]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12780530|list of districts in Slovakia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18555638|Q18555638]]
| ''[[:d:Q18555638|district of Somalia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q878116|administrative territorial entity of Somalia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117209896|Q117209896]]
| ''[[:d:Q117209896|district of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683555|administrative territorial entity of South Africa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15901936|Q15901936]]
| ''[[:d:Q15901936|district of South Korea (autonomous)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2566644|list of districts in South Korea]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126896673|Q126896673]]
| ''[[:d:Q126896673|district of South Korea (non-autonomous)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2566644|list of districts in South Korea]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42907160|Q42907160]]
| ''[[:d:Q42907160|district of South Ossetia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2474244|administrative territorial entity of South Ossetia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11695632|Q11695632]]
| ''[[:d:Q11695632|district of Split]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1230110|Q1230110]]
| ''[[:d:Q1230110|district of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q505830|Q505830]]
| ''[[:d:Q505830|district of Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631073|administrative territorial entity of Sudan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1649296|Q1649296]]
| ''[[:d:Q1649296|district of Suriname]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11048714|administrative territorial entity of Suriname]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2915776|Q2915776]]
| ''[[:d:Q2915776|district of Syria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12267454|administrative territorial entity of Syria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18559008|Q18559008]]
| ''[[:d:Q18559008|district of São Paulo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1007114|administrative territorial entity of São Paulo City]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q911736|Q911736]]
| ''[[:d:Q911736|district of São Tomé and Príncipe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4834771|administrative territorial entity of São Tomé and Príncipe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5710486|Q5710486]]
| ''[[:d:Q5710486|district of Tabriz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q705296|Q705296]]
| ''[[:d:Q705296|district of Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12081657|township level division of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4389115|Q4389115]]
| ''[[:d:Q4389115|district of Tajikistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683558|administrative territorial entity of Tajikistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26844382|Q26844382]]
| ''[[:d:Q26844382|district of Tampere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98807679|Tampereen aluejako]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2409750|Q2409750]]
| ''[[:d:Q2409750|district of Tanzania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q867371|administrative territorial entity of Tanzania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15630934|Q15630934]]
| ''[[:d:Q15630934|district of Tashkent]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631083|administrative territorial entity of Uzbekistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135299269|Q135299269]]
| ''[[:d:Q135299269|district of Tbilisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5377740|Q5377740]]
| ''[[:d:Q5377740|district of Tehran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141190864|Q141190864]]
| ''[[:d:Q141190864|District of the American Lutheran Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141155596|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26907711|Q26907711]]
| ''[[:d:Q26907711|district of the Australian Capital Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1230132|Q1230132]]
| ''[[:d:Q1230132|district of The Bahamas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6052753|local government in The Bahamas]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140589112|Q140589112]]
| ''[[:d:Q140589112|district of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q70208|municipality of Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q675470|list of districts of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032119|Q3032119]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032119|district of the canton of Basel-Landschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032122|Q3032122]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032122|district of the canton of Fribourg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032139|Q3032139]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032139|district of the canton of Jura]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032123|Q3032123]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032123|district of the canton of Lucerne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297182|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Lucerne]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17278014|former district of Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032126|Q3032126]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032126|district of the canton of Neuchâtel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17277998|Q17277998]]
| ''[[:d:Q17277998|district of the canton of Schaffhausen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17278014|former district of Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032124|Q3032124]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032124|district of the canton of Schwyz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17297222|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Schwyz]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032131|Q3032131]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032131|district of the canton of Solothurn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631099|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Solothurn]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q692561|Q692561]]
| ''[[:d:Q692561|district of the canton of St. Gallen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631100|administrative territorial entity of the canton of St. Gallen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17278014|former district of Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032133|Q3032133]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032133|district of the canton of Thurgau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297402|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Thurgau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032137|Q3032137]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032137|district of the canton of Ticino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11917419|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Ticino]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q628993|Q628993]]
| ''[[:d:Q628993|district of the canton of Valais]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631101|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Valais]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032132|Q3032132]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032132|district of the canton of Vaud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631103|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Vaud]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15644465|Q15644465]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644465|district of the canton of Zurich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17297280|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Zürich]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283557|Q5283557]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283557|district of the Church of the Brethren]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q548611|Q548611]]
| ''[[:d:Q548611|district of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q770948|okres]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283559|Q5283559]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283559|district of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141112162|Q141112162]]
| ''[[:d:Q141112162|district of the Evangelical Lutheran Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141155596|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26807495|Q26807495]]
| ''[[:d:Q26807495|district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1504917|Q1504917]]
| ''[[:d:Q1504917|district of the Gambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631093|administrative territorial entity of the Gambia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15630895|Q15630895]]
| ''[[:d:Q15630895|district of the German Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55292|administrative territorial entity of the German Democratic Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86681780|Q86681780]]
| ''[[:d:Q86681780|district of The Hague]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2779745|urban district of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130266292|Q130266292]]
| ''[[:d:Q130266292|district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134694895|constituency in Japan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1853614|list of districts of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23983335|Q23983335]]
| ''[[:d:Q23983335|district of the House of Representatives of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134694895|constituency in Japan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1064785|list of districts of the House of Representatives of Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3764344|Q3764344]]
| ''[[:d:Q3764344|district of the Isle of Man]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502463|administrative territorial entity of the Isle of Man]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26618428|Q26618428]]
| ''[[:d:Q26618428|district of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976625|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283562|Q5283562]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283562|district of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141155596|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283563|Q5283563]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283563|district of the Northwest Territories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139532222|Q139532222]]
| ''[[:d:Q139532222|district of the Norwegian Synod]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141155596|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125558514|Q125558514]]
| ''[[:d:Q125558514|district of the Ohio High School Athletic Association]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q623109|sports league]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683379|Q20683379]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683379|district of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2635421|administrative territorial entity of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1958165|Q1958165]]
| ''[[:d:Q1958165|district of the Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4161597|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104889030|Q104889030]]
| ''[[:d:Q104889030|district of the Society of St. Pius X]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121811754|Q121811754]]
| ''[[:d:Q121811754|district of the Tsardom of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1364324|uezd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2487479|Q2487479]]
| ''[[:d:Q2487479|district of the Turks and Caicos Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642555|administrative territorial entity of the Turks and Caicos Islands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17601336|Q17601336]]
| ''[[:d:Q17601336|district of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57889455|Q57889455]]
| ''[[:d:Q57889455|district of the United States Virgin Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5283494|administrative territorial entity of the United States Virgin Islands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22671115|Q22671115]]
| ''[[:d:Q22671115|district of Tonga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1344042|administrative territorial entity of Tonga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q854223|Q854223]]
| ''[[:d:Q854223|district of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q141390728|districts of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283544|Q5283544]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283544|district of Turkmenistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3926693|Q3926693]]
| ''[[:d:Q3926693|district of Turku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5283545|Districts of Turku by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3539870|Q3539870]]
| ''[[:d:Q3539870|district of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2631599|Q2631599]]
| ''[[:d:Q2631599|district of Uzbekistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631083|administrative territorial entity of Uzbekistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108319959|Q108319959]]
| ''[[:d:Q108319959|district of Vaasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108321175|subdivisions of Vaasa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8561193|Q8561193]]
| ''[[:d:Q8561193|district of Valencia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28480345|Q28480345]]
| ''[[:d:Q28480345|district of Vantaa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5283546|Districts of Vantaa]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q261023|Q261023]]
| ''[[:d:Q261023|district of Vienna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17496379|city district in Austria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2249932|Q2249932]]
| ''[[:d:Q2249932|district of Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17601336|district of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13415859|Q13415859]]
| ''[[:d:Q13415859|District of Wuppertal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6617100|Q6617100]]
| ''[[:d:Q6617100|district of Yemen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057728|Q4057728]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057728|District of Yerevan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2744064|Q2744064]]
| ''[[:d:Q2744064|district of Zambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q650605|administrative territorial entity of Zambia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8561195|Q8561195]]
| ''[[:d:Q8561195|district of Zaragoza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283558|Q5283558]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283558|district of Zimbabwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976660|administrative territorial entity of Zimbabwe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17260369|Q17260369]]
| ''[[:d:Q17260369|district of Zulia State]]''
| ''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1139753|Q1139753]]
| ''[[:d:Q1139753|district or dependency of Mauritius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5283489|administrative territorial entity of Mauritius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11392749|Q11392749]]
| ''[[:d:Q11392749|district sans candidats communistes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134694895|constituency in Japan]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8452914|Q8452914]]
| ''[[:d:Q8452914|district town]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18706221|Q18706221]]
| ''[[:d:Q18706221|district urbain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3591564|établissement public de coopération intercommunale]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11361896|Q11361896]]
| ''[[:d:Q11361896|district vacant du parti au pouvoir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21503295|Q21503295]]
| ''[[:d:Q21503295|district with city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125962680|Q125962680]]
| ''[[:d:Q125962680|district électoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973931|provincial electoral district of Quebec]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125637064|Q125637064]]
| ''[[:d:Q125637064|district électoral du Québec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2112349|Q2112349]]
| ''[[:d:Q2112349|District-level town of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65165488|đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện tại Việt Nam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10840661|urban areas of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30813713|Q30813713]]
| ''[[:d:Q30813713|Districte de l'Assemblea de Nova York]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106658|Q106658]]
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
| ''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1418640|local government in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q840019|Q840019]]
| ''[[:d:Q840019|districto de Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811429|Q5811429]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811429|districto de Managua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
| typo de unitate territorial de Managua, Nicaragua; septe districtos create per Decreto Executive 421 (1989), reducite a cinque post Lege 329 e le creation de Ciudad Sandino e El Crucero (1999), e reorganisate in septe per Ordination Municipal 03-2009
|-
| [[:d:Q2582669|Q2582669]]
| ''[[:d:Q2582669|districto de Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65165488|đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện tại Việt Nam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q192611|Q192611]]
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q475050|Q475050]]
| [[Districto federal]]
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5214867|federal territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q193560|Q193560]]
| [[Districtos de Israel]]
| ''[[:d:Q1550119|administrative territorial entity of Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15631850|Q15631850]]
| ''[[:d:Q15631850|districts and some cities of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79414634|Q79414634]]
| ''[[:d:Q79414634|Districts in Linz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21658093|Q21658093]]
| ''[[:d:Q21658093|Districts of Aktobe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106603962|Ақтөбе қаласының әкімшілік бөліктері]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122612929|Q122612929]]
| ''[[:d:Q122612929|Districts of Alicante]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122368004|Q122368004]]
| ''[[:d:Q122368004|Districts of Badalona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3814642|Q3814642]]
| ''[[:d:Q3814642|Districts of Bilbao]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3413331|Q3413331]]
| ''[[:d:Q3413331|districts of Copenhagen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811419|Q5811419]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811419|Districts of Gijón]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13388283|Q13388283]]
| ''[[:d:Q13388283|districts of Gilgit-Baltistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2379075|district of Pakistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811421|Q5811421]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811421|Districts of Granada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3091916|Q3091916]]
| ''[[:d:Q3091916|districts of Graubünden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50256|Q50256]]
| ''[[:d:Q50256|districts of Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116413671|Q116413671]]
| ''[[:d:Q116413671|Districts of Iloilo City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811424|Q5811424]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811424|Districts of Jerez de la Frontera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2892813|Q2892813]]
| ''[[:d:Q2892813|Districts of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16319182|Q16319182]]
| ''[[:d:Q16319182|districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2379075|district of Pakistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811426|Q5811426]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811426|Districts of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124668995|Q124668995]]
| ''[[:d:Q124668995|districts of Madhya Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1149652|district of India]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115534496|Q115534496]]
| ''[[:d:Q115534496|Districts of Malchow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''
| [[Wikipedia:Categoria|categoria Wikimedia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4389090|Q4389090]]
| ''[[:d:Q4389090|districts of Minsk Region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2043199|district of Belarus]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113411161|Q113411161]]
| ''[[:d:Q113411161|districts of Novocherkassk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2198484|municipal district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9501829|Q9501829]]
| ''[[:d:Q9501829|Districts of Palma de Mallorca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| categoria Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q585444|Q585444]]
| ''[[:d:Q585444|districts of Prague]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811440|Q5811440]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811440|Districts of Santa Cruz de Tenerife]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283493|Q5283493]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283493|Districts of Seville]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5811416|district in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1700467|Q1700467]]
| ''[[:d:Q1700467|Districts of the City of Bern]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q20753889|subdivision of a town]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1671086|Q1671086]]
| ''[[:d:Q1671086|Districts of the City of Winterthur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104851514|Q104851514]]
| ''[[:d:Q104851514|Districts of the Congo Free State]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5283561|Q5283561]]
| ''[[:d:Q5283561|Districts of the Independent State of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12644200|administrative division of the Independent State of Croatia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12645496|Q12645496]]
| ''[[:d:Q12645496|Districts of Zagreb]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5978208|Q5978208]]
| ''[[:d:Q5978208|Districty locality of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4200298|Q4200298]]
| ''[[:d:Q4200298|distrik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15633191|Q15633191]]
| ''[[:d:Q15633191|distrito]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12812139|specialized term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134562495|Q134562495]]
| ''[[:d:Q134562495|divided city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q921148|list of divided cities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11396118|Q11396118]]
| ''[[:d:Q11396118|divided territory]]''
| [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5284036|divided region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5284423|Q5284423]]
| ''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107226570|Q107226570]]
| ''[[:d:Q107226570|division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47007874|Q47007874]]
| ''[[:d:Q47007874|division administrative de Java (Indes orientales néerlandaises)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2409945|Q2409945]]
| ''[[:d:Q2409945|division administrative de la région flamande]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12357832|Q12357832]]
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1230708|Q1230708]]
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q56436383|list of divisions of India]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907363|Q125907363]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907363|division of Arunachal Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907354|Q125907354]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907354|division of Assam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907353|Q125907353]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907353|division of Bihar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646485|Q15646485]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646485|division of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907349|Q125907349]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907349|division of Chhattisgarh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907356|Q125907356]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907356|division of Delhi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646524|Q15646524]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646524|division of Fiji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1062445|administrative territorial entity of Fiji]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907351|Q125907351]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907351|division of Haryana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907359|Q125907359]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907359|division of Himachal Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907352|Q125907352]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907352|division of Jammu And Kashmir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907347|Q125907347]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907347|division of Jharkhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907360|Q125907360]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907360|division of Karnataka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4893522|Q4893522]]
| ''[[:d:Q4893522|division of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976641|administrative territorial entity of Kenya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907364|Q125907364]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907364|division of Ladakh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124669069|Q124669069]]
| ''[[:d:Q124669069|division of Madhya Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907357|Q125907357]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907357|division of Maharashtra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4329280|Q4329280]]
| ''[[:d:Q4329280|division of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907362|Q125907362]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907362|division of Meghalaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115228557|Q115228557]]
| ''[[:d:Q115228557|division of Moreton Bay City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907369|Q125907369]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907369|division of Nagaland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907355|Q125907355]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907355|division of Odisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4814017|Q4814017]]
| ''[[:d:Q4814017|division of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149013|spatial planning]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907365|Q125907365]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907365|division of Punjab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907350|Q125907350]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907350|division of Rajasthan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7310273|Q7310273]]
| ''[[:d:Q7310273|division of Sarawak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4329280|division of Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2713747|Q2713747]]
| ''[[:d:Q2713747|division of the Australian House of Representatives]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16629428|Q16629428]]
| ''[[:d:Q16629428|division of the legislative council of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20740204|Q20740204]]
| ''[[:d:Q20740204|division of Tonga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1344042|administrative territorial entity of Tonga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110977362|Q110977362]]
| ''[[:d:Q110977362|division of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907346|Q125907346]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907346|division of Uttar Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125907368|Q125907368]]
| ''[[:d:Q125907368|division of Uttarakhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5284624|Q5284624]]
| ''[[:d:Q5284624|division of West Bengal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1230708|division in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129092590|Q129092590]]
| ''[[:d:Q129092590|Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q169534|military division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1990968|Q1990968]]
| ''[[:d:Q1990968|Divisional Secretariat of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q859482|secretariat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2824645|Q2824645]]
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16058121|Q16058121]]
| ''[[:d:Q16058121|divisiones administrative de Lettonia ante 2009]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q878040|Q878040]]
| ''[[:d:Q878040|divisiones de Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5284423|division]]''
|
|
| divisiones administrative al prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q852446|Q852446]]
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1207753|Q1207753]]
| ''[[:d:Q1207753|divisions of Gambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631093|administrative territorial entity of the Gambia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63074137|Q63074137]]
| ''[[:d:Q63074137|divisions of Punjab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4814017|division of Pakistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63135009|Q63135009]]
| ''[[:d:Q63135009|divisió de districte de Hèlsinki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18646840|Q18646840]]
| ''[[:d:Q18646840|divorce municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q755707|municipality of Norway]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5480783|Q5480783]]
| ''[[:d:Q5480783|Diócesis católicas del siglo II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
| [[Catholicismo]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5811925|Q5811925]]
| ''[[:d:Q5811925|Diócesis católicas indianas españolas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111710166|Q111710166]]
| ''[[:d:Q111710166|dobrovolný svazek obcí]]''
| ''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11781066|microregion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67304002|type of legal entity in the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18772816|Q18772816]]
| ''[[:d:Q18772816|castle Doddendael]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q1497375|architectural ensemble]]''<br/>[[castello]]<br/>[[edificio]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11423189|Q11423189]]
| ''[[:d:Q11423189|Doi-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046763|matsuri]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116853508|Q116853508]]
| ''[[:d:Q116853508|domaine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106164421|Q106164421]]
| ''[[:d:Q106164421|Dominiallande]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q223832|Q223832]]
| ''[[:d:Q223832|dominio del Imperio Britannic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16148626|Q16148626]]
| ''[[:d:Q16148626|dominion of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121166126|Q121166126]]
| ''[[:d:Q121166126|Domitys]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1269448|retirement community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q431289|brand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6881511|interprisa]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140422105|Q140422105]]
| ''[[:d:Q140422105|donatary captaincy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1200068|captaincy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12593177|Q12593177]]
| ''[[:d:Q12593177|dondae]]''
| [[fortalessa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110946229|Q110946229]]
| ''[[:d:Q110946229|dong]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19816236|Q19816236]]
| ''[[:d:Q19816236|dong of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110946229|dong]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q490329|Q490329]]
| ''[[:d:Q490329|dong of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110946229|dong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6763949|Q6763949]]
| ''[[:d:Q6763949|dong of South Korea (legal)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q490329|dong of South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115939831|Q115939831]]
| ''[[:d:Q115939831|donjon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91165|keep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4337558|Q4337558]]
| ''[[:d:Q4337558|Dorp (Netherlands)]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120756045|Q120756045]]
| ''[[:d:Q120756045|dorpsheerlijkheid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60788304|heerlijkheid]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131550940|Q131550940]]
| ''[[:d:Q131550940|Douar dispersé]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23925393|douar in Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131530765|Q131530765]]
| ''[[:d:Q131530765|Douar groupé]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23925393|douar in Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23925393|Q23925393]]
| ''[[:d:Q23925393|douar in Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22927291|sixth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118875044|douar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69807299|Q69807299]]
| ''[[:d:Q69807299|double-landlocked country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109367170|Q109367170]]
| ''[[:d:Q109367170|double-member district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130266292|district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132137270|Q132137270]]
| ''[[:d:Q132137270|doubly landlocked country]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136361597|Q136361597]]
| ''[[:d:Q136361597|doubly landlocked country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3038194|Q3038194]]
| ''[[:d:Q3038194|douzaine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147618|administrative territorial entity of Guernsey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109540666|Q109540666]]
| ''[[:d:Q109540666|DPR-D electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5305553|Q5305553]]
| ''[[:d:Q5305553|drainage district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q231838|special district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5307555|Q5307555]]
| ''[[:d:Q5307555|drill hall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1822469|Q1822469]]
| ''[[:d:Q1822469|Drostamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1261535|Q1261535]]
| ''[[:d:Q1261535|dry county]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1612263|Q1612263]]
| ''[[:d:Q1612263|dry state]]''
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
| ''[[:d:Q86098365|currently empty class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57979411|Q57979411]]
| ''[[:d:Q57979411|ducado]]''
| [[ducato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58683981|señorío]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5313167|Dukedoms of Spain]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q154547|Q154547]]
| [[ducato]]
| [[stato]]<br/>[[monarchia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5311332|Q5311332]]
| ''[[:d:Q5311332|Duchies in England]]''
| [[ducato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q691981|Q691981]]
| ''[[:d:Q691981|Duchies of Silesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7703611|Q7703611]]
| ''[[:d:Q7703611|Duchy of Aquitaine]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71747|Q71747]]
| ''[[:d:Q71747|Duchy of Brittany]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>[[ducato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127607963|Q127607963]]
| ''[[:d:Q127607963|Duchy of Leucas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q190967|Crusader states]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>[[ducato]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16933165|Q16933165]]
| ''[[:d:Q16933165|Duchy of Sandomierz]]''
| [[Principato]]
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14631244|Q14631244]]
| ''[[:d:Q14631244|Duchy Saxony-Gotha]]''
| [[ducato]]
| [[ducato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33076697|Q33076697]]
| ''[[:d:Q33076697|duché d'Almodóvar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57979411|ducado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2600509|Q2600509]]
| ''[[:d:Q2600509|dugout]]''
| ''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q989946|shelter]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1615279|Q1615279]]
| ''[[:d:Q1615279|Duke of Nájera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13417114|noble family]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q57979411|ducado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91818|Q91818]]
| ''[[:d:Q91818|dun]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867014|Q867014]]
| ''[[:d:Q867014|dungkhag]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055423|subdivisions of Bhutan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23308490|Q23308490]]
| ''[[:d:Q23308490|dusun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64160387|Q64160387]]
| ''[[:d:Q64160387|Dutch region for school holidays]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1102202|Q1102202]]
| ''[[:d:Q1102202|dynastic union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188800|personal union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135911995|Q135911995]]
| ''[[:d:Q135911995|dzhamsovet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27002|selsoviet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1434401|Q1434401]]
| ''[[:d:Q1434401|dzielnica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3752524|gmina's auxiliary unit of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27554593|Q27554593]]
| ''[[:d:Q27554593|dzielnica of Lublin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434401|dzielnica]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q386952|Q386952]]
| ''[[:d:Q386952|dzong]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>[[monasterio]]
| ''[[:d:Q32880|architectural style]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25497947|Q25497947]]
| ''[[:d:Q25497947|dzong in Bhutan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q386952|dzong]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3042249|Q3042249]]
| ''[[:d:Q3042249|dzong in Tibet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q386952|dzong]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4160883|Q4160883]]
| ''[[:d:Q4160883|dzongdey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15055423|subdivisions of Bhutan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28007428|Q28007428]]
| ''[[:d:Q28007428|Dáil Éireann constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30751336|Q30751336]]
| ''[[:d:Q30751336|Découpage administratif des Hauts-de-France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q655851|Q655851]]
| ''[[:d:Q655851|department of Gabon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631046|administrative territorial entity of Gabon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2496895|Q2496895]]
| ''[[:d:Q2496895|départements des Pays-Bas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6465|departimento de Francia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q546989|Q546989]]
| ''[[:d:Q546989|düüreg of Mongolia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3645512|administrative territorial entity of Mongolia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131335924|Q131335924]]
| ''[[:d:Q131335924|dō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12621161|Q12621161]]
| ''[[:d:Q12621161|earthen castle]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10139375|Q10139375]]
| ''[[:d:Q10139375|Eastern Catholic ecclesiastical province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q427961|metropolis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20725872|Q20725872]]
| ''[[:d:Q20725872|Eastern Catholic eparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5853012|Q5853012]]
| ''[[:d:Q5853012|Eastern Catholic exarchat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2998465|exarchate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20725872|Eastern Catholic eparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124434520|Q124434520]]
| ''[[:d:Q124434520|Eastern Catholic patriarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124434491|Catholic patriarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116372166|Q116372166]]
| ''[[:d:Q116372166|Eastern Orthodox archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60176300|Eastern Orthodox eparchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2072238|archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2288631|archeparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60176300|Q60176300]]
| ''[[:d:Q60176300|Eastern Orthodox eparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21071538|Q21071538]]
| ''[[:d:Q21071538|Eastern Orthodox exarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2998465|exarchate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60176300|Eastern Orthodox eparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44301618|Q44301618]]
| ''[[:d:Q44301618|Eastern Orthodox patriarchate]]''
| [[Patriarchato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1066782|autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124414036|Q124414036]]
| ''[[:d:Q124414036|Eastern Province, Cape Colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109360324|Q109360324]]
| ''[[:d:Q109360324|Eastern Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105490688|region of the levant]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11492412|Q11492412]]
| ''[[:d:Q11492412|Ebisu-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11408956|Hakata Matsubayashi]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2665272|Q2665272]]
| ''[[:d:Q2665272|Ecclesiastical circumscription immediately subject to the Holy See]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q471855|jurisdiction]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3834074|Anexo:Circunscripciones eclesiásticas Inmediatamente Sujetas a la Santa Sede]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1492823|Q1492823]]
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q121144598|type of Christian institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20820021|Q20820021]]
| ''[[:d:Q20820021|ecclesiastical municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3403564|Q3403564]]
| ''[[:d:Q3403564|ecclesiastical principality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1499065|spiritual territory]]''<br/>[[Principato]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q625160|Q625160]]
| ''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112136526|Q112136526]]
| ''[[:d:Q112136526|ecological area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1073535|Q1073535]]
| ''[[:d:Q1073535|Economic and Technological Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125684839|Q125684839]]
| ''[[:d:Q125684839|economic capital city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[capital]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20732250|Q20732250]]
| ''[[:d:Q20732250|economic prefecture of the Central African Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631092|administrative territorial entity of the Central African Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q565410|Q565410]]
| ''[[:d:Q565410|Economic region of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1973901|economic region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1886473|Q1886473]]
| ''[[:d:Q1886473|ecumenopolis]]''
| [[planeta]]<br/>[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1266029|Q1266029]]
| ''[[:d:Q1266029|edge city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q188509|suburb]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6617867|list of edge cities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15989679|Q15989679]]
| ''[[:d:Q15989679|Edifices for Worship of Fortress Type in Belarus, Poland and Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1571674|fortified church]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1683373|Q1683373]]
| ''[[:d:Q1683373|Edo-period village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5341227|Q5341227]]
| ''[[:d:Q5341227|education service district of Oregon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42576925|administrative territorial entity of Oregon]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4479342|Q4479342]]
| ''[[:d:Q4479342|educational district of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5341302|Q5341302]]
| ''[[:d:Q5341302|educational service district of Washington State]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6047382|educational service agency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q42576917|administrative territorial entity of Washington]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11499984|Q11499984]]
| ''[[:d:Q11499984|educational town]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1815926|Q1815926]]
| ''[[:d:Q1815926|effective rural municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106676430|Q106676430]]
| ''[[:d:Q106676430|Eigenbistum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q699797|Q699797]]
| ''[[:d:Q699797|Eight Provinces of Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29441699|octad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3142949|Q3142949]]
| ''[[:d:Q3142949|Eighth constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133997300|Q133997300]]
| ''[[:d:Q133997300|Einheitsgemeinde of Lower Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15974307|Unitary municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11498472|Q11498472]]
| ''[[:d:Q11498472|Einzhen route]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25428769|Q25428769]]
| ''[[:d:Q25428769|ekserserplass]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117743136|Q117743136]]
| ''[[:d:Q117743136|Elche]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15052846|judicial district of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2298305|Q2298305]]
| ''[[:d:Q2298305|eldership of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1928780|Q1928780]]
| ''[[:d:Q1928780|election arrondissement in Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1628736|Q1628736]]
| ''[[:d:Q1628736|election canton in Belgium]]''
| [[canton]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115916908|Q115916908]]
| ''[[:d:Q115916908|electoral area of British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59576414|Q59576414]]
| ''[[:d:Q59576414|electoral circle in Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104628993|Q104628993]]
| ''[[:d:Q104628993|electoral circumscription of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61478311|Q61478311]]
| ''[[:d:Q61478311|electoral constituency of a state legislature in Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5355014|Q5355014]]
| ''[[:d:Q5355014|electoral constituency of Samoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12761899|administrative territorial entity of Samoa]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123466915|Q123466915]]
| ''[[:d:Q123466915|electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16009113|Q16009113]]
| ''[[:d:Q16009113|electoral district in France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56072658|Q56072658]]
| ''[[:d:Q56072658|electoral district in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106114863|Q106114863]]
| ''[[:d:Q106114863|electoral district in Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973938|Q2973938]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973938|electoral district of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64825375|Q64825375]]
| ''[[:d:Q64825375|electoral district of Conselh Generau d'Aran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43637515|Q43637515]]
| ''[[:d:Q43637515|electoral district of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28657263|Q28657263]]
| ''[[:d:Q28657263|electoral district of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q943733|list of electoral districts of Finland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032149|Q3032149]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032149|electoral district of Lower Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q38231396|Q38231396]]
| ''[[:d:Q38231396|electoral district of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2540340|district of Malta]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032154|Q3032154]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032154|electoral district of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5356184|Q5356184]]
| ''[[:d:Q5356184|electoral district of Queensland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5356185|Q5356185]]
| ''[[:d:Q5356185|electoral district of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122976289|Q122976289]]
| ''[[:d:Q122976289|electoral district of the Cherokee Nation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32963407|Q32963407]]
| ''[[:d:Q32963407|electoral district of the Cortes de la Restauración]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46204141|Q46204141]]
| ''[[:d:Q46204141|electoral district of the Cortes of Castile and León constituencies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q518480|Q518480]]
| ''[[:d:Q518480|electoral district of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130377399|Q130377399]]
| ''[[:d:Q130377399|electoral district of the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q45899305|Q45899305]]
| ''[[:d:Q45899305|electoral district of the Parliament of Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20220333|Q20220333]]
| ''[[:d:Q20220333|electoral district of the Spanish Congress]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57675852|Q57675852]]
| ''[[:d:Q57675852|electoral district of the Western Australian Legislative Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63084210|Q63084210]]
| ''[[:d:Q63084210|electoral district of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5356187|Q5356187]]
| ''[[:d:Q5356187|electoral district of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q70917267|Q70917267]]
| ''[[:d:Q70917267|electoral district of Wallonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5356189|Q5356189]]
| ''[[:d:Q5356189|electoral district of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032145|Q3032145]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032145|Electoral Districts of 1939]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973931|provincial electoral district of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116427|Q116427]]
| ''[[:d:Q116427|Electoral districts of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2500304|Q2500304]]
| ''[[:d:Q2500304|electoral division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58446572|Q58446572]]
| ''[[:d:Q58446572|electoral division of County Galway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59240972|Q59240972]]
| ''[[:d:Q59240972|electoral division of the Australian Capital Territory House of Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5356265|Q5356265]]
| ''[[:d:Q5356265|electoral division of the Northern Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20521456|Q20521456]]
| ''[[:d:Q20521456|electoral principate]]''
| [[Principato]]
| ''[[:d:Q183039|form of state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53882863|Q53882863]]
| ''[[:d:Q53882863|electoral province of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55282777|Q55282777]]
| ''[[:d:Q55282777|electoral province of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122723733|Q122723733]]
| ''[[:d:Q122723733|electoral region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44710480|Q44710480]]
| ''[[:d:Q44710480|Electoral region of the Senedd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6970524|region or constituency of the Senedd]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5356435|Q5356435]]
| ''[[:d:Q5356435|electoral region of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5356436|Q5356436]]
| ''[[:d:Q5356436|electoral region of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20755075|Q20755075]]
| ''[[:d:Q20755075|electoral unit]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43394491|Q43394491]]
| ''[[:d:Q43394491|electoral unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43389550|region or constituency of the Slovenian Parliament]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477700|Q56477700]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477700|electoral ward of Adelaide City Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477692|Q56477692]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477692|electoral ward of Adelaide Hills Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61961075|Q61961075]]
| ''[[:d:Q61961075|electoral ward of Alexandrina Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477887|Q56477887]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477887|electoral ward of Armadale City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477778|Q56477778]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477778|electoral ward of Banyule City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61994552|Q61994552]]
| ''[[:d:Q61994552|electoral ward of Barunga West District Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477774|Q56477774]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477774|electoral ward of Bayside City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477659|Q56477659]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477659|electoral ward of Bayside Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477859|Q56477859]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477859|electoral ward of Bayswater City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9295277|Q9295277]]
| ''[[:d:Q9295277|electoral ward of Belfast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q589282|ward or electoral division of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477895|Q56477895]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477895|electoral ward of Belmont City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477607|Q56477607]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477607|electoral ward of Blacktown City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477794|Q56477794]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477794|electoral ward of Boroondara City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477782|Q56477782]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477782|electoral ward of Brimbank City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477663|Q56477663]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477663|electoral ward of Brisbane City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477704|Q56477704]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477704|electoral ward of Burnside City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477591|Q56477591]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477591|electoral ward of Burwood Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477587|Q56477587]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477587|electoral ward of Camden Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477595|Q56477595]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477595|electoral ward of Campbelltown City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477708|Q56477708]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477708|electoral ward of Campbelltown City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477603|Q56477603]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477603|electoral ward of Canada Bay City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477871|Q56477871]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477871|electoral ward of Canning City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477655|Q56477655]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477655|electoral ward of Canterbury-Bankstown Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477738|Q56477738]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477738|electoral ward of Charles Sturt City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477525|Q56477525]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477525|electoral ward of City of Ryde Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477535|Q56477535]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477535|electoral ward of City of Sydney Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477847|Q56477847]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477847|electoral ward of Cockburn City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477549|Q56477549]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477549|electoral ward of Council of the Municipality of Kiama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477639|Q56477639]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477639|electoral ward of Cumberland Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477806|Q56477806]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477806|electoral ward of Darebin City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477616|Q56477616]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477616|electoral ward of Fairfield City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477937|Q56477937]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477937|electoral ward of Fremantle City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477643|Q56477643]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477643|electoral ward of Georges River Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477770|Q56477770]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477770|electoral ward of Glen Eira City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477675|Q56477675]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477675|electoral ward of Gold Coast City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477883|Q56477883]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477883|electoral ward of Gosnells City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477827|Q56477827]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477827|electoral ward of Hobsons Bay City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477688|Q56477688]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477688|electoral ward of Holdfast Bay City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477578|Q56477578]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477578|electoral ward of Hornsby Shire Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477568|Q56477568]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477568|electoral ward of Hunters Hill Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477651|Q56477651]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477651|electoral ward of Inner West Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477911|Q56477911]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477911|electoral ward of Joondalup City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477950|Q56477950]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477950|electoral ward of Kalamunda City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477819|Q56477819]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477819|electoral ward of Kingston City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477583|Q56477583]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477583|electoral ward of Ku-ring-gai Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477946|Q56477946]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477946|electoral ward of Kwinana City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477540|Q56477540]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477540|electoral ward of Lake Macquarie City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477515|Q56477515]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477515|electoral ward of Lane Cove Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61881613|Q61881613]]
| ''[[:d:Q61881613|electoral ward of Light Regional Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477599|Q56477599]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477599|electoral ward of Liverpool City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477786|Q56477786]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477786|electoral ward of Manningham City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477823|Q56477823]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477823|electoral ward of Maribyrnong City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477742|Q56477742]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477742|electoral ward of Marion City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56876523|Q56876523]]
| ''[[:d:Q56876523|electoral ward of Markham City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130493580|Q130493580]]
| ''[[:d:Q130493580|electoral ward of Maroondah City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477766|Q56477766]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477766|electoral ward of Melbourne City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477851|Q56477851]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477851|electoral ward of Melville City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477712|Q56477712]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477712|electoral ward of Mitcham City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477814|Q56477814]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477814|electoral ward of Monash City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477758|Q56477758]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477758|electoral ward of Moonee Valley City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477762|Q56477762]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477762|electoral ward of Moreland City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477573|Q56477573]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477573|electoral ward of Mosman Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61960095|Q61960095]]
| ''[[:d:Q61960095|electoral ward of Narridy District Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477831|Q56477831]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477831|electoral ward of Nedlands City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477545|Q56477545]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477545|electoral ward of Newcastle City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477555|Q56477555]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477555|electoral ward of North Sydney Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477647|Q56477647]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477647|electoral ward of Northern Beaches Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61994431|Q61994431]]
| ''[[:d:Q61994431|electoral ward of Northern Yorke Peninsula District Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477746|Q56477746]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477746|electoral ward of Norwood Payneham & St Peters City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477750|Q56477750]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477750|electoral ward of Onkaparinga City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477635|Q56477635]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477635|electoral ward of Parramatta Council City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477563|Q56477563]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477563|electoral ward of Penrith City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477941|Q56477941]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477941|electoral ward of Perth City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477754|Q56477754]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477754|electoral ward of Playford City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477810|Q56477810]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477810|electoral ward of Port Phillip City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477720|Q56477720]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477720|electoral ward of Prospect Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477559|Q56477559]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477559|electoral ward of Randwick City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477835|Q56477835]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477835|electoral ward of Rockingham City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477726|Q56477726]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477726|electoral ward of Salisbury City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477625|Q56477625]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477625|electoral ward of Shellharbour City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477879|Q56477879]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477879|electoral ward of Shire of Mundaring Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477671|Q56477671]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477671|electoral ward of Shire of Noosa Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477919|Q56477919]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477919|electoral ward of Shire of Peppermint Grove Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477863|Q56477863]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477863|electoral ward of Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477875|Q56477875]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477875|electoral ward of South Perth City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477891|Q56477891]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477891|electoral ward of Stirling City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477802|Q56477802]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477802|electoral ward of Stonnington City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477530|Q56477530]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477530|electoral ward of Strathfield Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477915|Q56477915]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477915|electoral ward of Subiaco City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477667|Q56477667]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477667|electoral ward of Sunshine Coast Region Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477621|Q56477621]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477621|electoral ward of Sutherland Shire Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477855|Q56477855]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477855|electoral ward of Swan City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477680|Q56477680]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477680|electoral ward of Tea Tree Gully City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232830|Q58232830]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232830|electoral ward of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232822|Q58232822]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232822|electoral ward of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57405092|Q57405092]]
| ''[[:d:Q57405092|electoral ward of the City of Enfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68403978|Q68403978]]
| ''[[:d:Q68403978|electoral ward of the City of Kensington and Norwood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477716|Q56477716]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477716|electoral ward of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68447939|Q68447939]]
| ''[[:d:Q68447939|electoral ward of the Coorong District Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232823|Q58232823]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232823|electoral ward of the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232824|Q58232824]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232824|electoral ward of the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232825|Q58232825]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232825|electoral ward of the Kanpur Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232828|Q58232828]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232828|electoral ward of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232809|Q58232809]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232809|electoral ward of the Kozhikode Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58232829|Q58232829]]
| ''[[:d:Q58232829|electoral ward of the Lucknow Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477933|Q56477933]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477933|electoral ward of Town of Bassendean Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477907|Q56477907]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477907|electoral ward of Town of Cambridge Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477899|Q56477899]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477899|electoral ward of Town of Claremont Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477929|Q56477929]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477929|electoral ward of Town of Cottesloe Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477903|Q56477903]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477903|electoral ward of Town of East Fremantle Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477734|Q56477734]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477734|electoral ward of Town of Gawler Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477924|Q56477924]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477924|electoral ward of Town of Mosman Park Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477867|Q56477867]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477867|electoral ward of Town of Victoria Park Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477696|Q56477696]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477696|electoral ward of Town of Walkerville Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477730|Q56477730]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477730|electoral ward of Unley City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56876592|Q56876592]]
| ''[[:d:Q56876592|electoral ward of Vaughan City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477843|Q56477843]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477843|electoral ward of Vincent City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477839|Q56477839]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477839|electoral ward of Wanneroo City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477511|Q56477511]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477511|electoral ward of Waverley Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477684|Q56477684]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477684|electoral ward of West Torrens City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477790|Q56477790]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477790|electoral ward of Whitehorse City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477611|Q56477611]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477611|electoral ward of Willoughby City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477630|Q56477630]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477630|electoral ward of Wollongong City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477520|Q56477520]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477520|electoral ward of Woollahra Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477798|Q56477798]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477798|electoral ward of Yarra City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62066296|Q62066296]]
| ''[[:d:Q62066296|electoral ward of Yorke Peninsula Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5357209|Q5357209]]
| ''[[:d:Q5357209|electorate of the Australian Capital Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138679840|Q138679840]]
| ''[[:d:Q138679840|Electrostate]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3352905|Q3352905]]
| ''[[:d:Q3352905|Eleventh constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3575878|Q3575878]]
| ''[[:d:Q3575878|emergency zone]]''
| [[Servicio de incendios]]<br/>[[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5370783|Q5370783]]
| ''[[:d:Q5370783|emerging power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25451717|Q25451717]]
| ''[[:d:Q25451717|Emirate of 'Asir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109409887|Q109409887]]
| ''[[:d:Q109409887|Emirate of Al-Bahah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109422001|Q109422001]]
| ''[[:d:Q109422001|Emirate of Al-Jouf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109422157|Q109422157]]
| ''[[:d:Q109422157|Emirate of Al-Qassim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109422741|Q109422741]]
| ''[[:d:Q109422741|Emirate of Eastern Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109422702|Q109422702]]
| ''[[:d:Q109422702|Emirate of Hael]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109409752|Q109409752]]
| ''[[:d:Q109409752|Emirate of Jazan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109422626|Q109422626]]
| ''[[:d:Q109422626|Emirate of Makkah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109408944|Q109408944]]
| ''[[:d:Q109408944|Emirate of Najran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109422740|Q109422740]]
| ''[[:d:Q109422740|Emirate of Northern Borders]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34590835|Q34590835]]
| ''[[:d:Q34590835|Emirate of Riyadh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109319120|Q109319120]]
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109422700|Q109422700]]
| ''[[:d:Q109422700|Emirate of Tabuk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109319120|emirate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15713757|regional government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19833031|Q19833031]]
| ''[[:d:Q19833031|emirate of the United Arab Emirates]]''
| ''[[:d:Q843555|administrative territorial entity of the United Arab Emirates]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109383352|Q109383352]]
| ''[[:d:Q109383352|Emirate Palace]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109382914|regional capital in Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>[[palatio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111668946|Q111668946]]
| ''[[:d:Q111668946|emirate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66661665|governorate of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q395994|capital district or territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118875197|Q118875197]]
| ''[[:d:Q118875197|Emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q189898|Q189898]]
| ''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''<br/>[[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115599601|Q115599601]]
| ''[[:d:Q115599601|Empire of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| [[monarchia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q655593|Q655593]]
| ''[[:d:Q655593|emporium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q69391739|Greek colony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5375326|Q5375326]]
| ''[[:d:Q5375326|enceinte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16444336|Q16444336]]
| ''[[:d:Q16444336|enclosure castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110101808|Q110101808]]
| ''[[:d:Q110101808|encomienda de Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24200131|Q24200131]]
| ''[[:d:Q24200131|endroit de la Grèce nommé Épire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5378545|Q5378545]]
| ''[[:d:Q5378545|English feudal barony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3518201|feudal land tenure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q617219|Q617219]]
| ''[[:d:Q617219|English overseas possession]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2215397|Q2215397]]
| ''[[:d:Q2215397|English-language word "city"]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15253706|city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10484437|Q10484437]]
| ''[[:d:Q10484437|Enspråkig kommun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q856076|municipality of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10484438|Q10484438]]
| ''[[:d:Q10484438|enspråkigt svensk kommun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q856076|municipality of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1344719|Q1344719]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344719|enterprise zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15811433|Q15811433]]
| ''[[:d:Q15811433|Entidad de carácter territorial]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135898820|Q135898820]]
| ''[[:d:Q135898820|entidad territorial administrativa del Reino de Navarra]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6554043|Q6554043]]
| ''[[:d:Q6554043|decentralized municipal entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56061|Q56061]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q141104744|geopolitical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50201|Q50201]]
| ''[[:d:Q50201|entitate territorial administrative de Cambodgia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3183364|Q3183364]]
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q750277|Q750277]]
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631075|Q7631075]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6418772|Q6418772]]
| ''[[:d:Q6418772|entitate territorial administrative del Imperio Byzantin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140937749|Q140937749]]
| ''[[:d:Q140937749|entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27924220|Q27924220]]
| ''[[:d:Q27924220|entité administrative territoriale du Royaume d'Italie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11878071|Q11878071]]
| ''[[:d:Q11878071|entrance object]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23498051|Q23498051]]
| ''[[:d:Q23498051|entrenchment]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12149071|fortification line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q285181|Q285181]]
| ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22085013|Q22085013]]
| ''[[:d:Q22085013|eparchy]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62097357|Q62097357]]
| ''[[:d:Q62097357|eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60176300|Eastern Orthodox eparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97174959|Q97174959]]
| ''[[:d:Q97174959|eperopolis]]''
| [[continente]]<br/>[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141168505|Q141168505]]
| ''[[:d:Q141168505|Ephemeral state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5383284|Q5383284]]
| ''[[:d:Q5383284|Episcopal Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q637017|Q637017]]
| ''[[:d:Q637017|episcopal conference]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18616749|assembly of bishops]]''
| ''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18589458|Liste der römisch-katholischen Bischofskonferenzen]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113834839|Q113834839]]
| ''[[:d:Q113834839|Episcopal Conference of Latin America and the Caribbean]]''
| ''[[:d:Q637017|episcopal conference]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20060955|Q20060955]]
| ''[[:d:Q20060955|episcopal diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109516743|Protestant diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18917976|Anglican diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16646034|Q16646034]]
| ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130742216|Q130742216]]
| ''[[:d:Q130742216|episcopal vicariate for consecrated life]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130742266|Q130742266]]
| ''[[:d:Q130742266|Episcopal Vicariate for the Clergy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130742233|Q130742233]]
| ''[[:d:Q130742233|episcopal vicariate for the New Evangelization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127689677|Q127689677]]
| ''[[:d:Q127689677|equatorial country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1440788|Q1440788]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440788|Equinoctial France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q815962|colonization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3518817|Q3518817]]
| ''[[:d:Q3518817|equivalent territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q204613|regional county municipality of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16522751|Q16522751]]
| ''[[:d:Q16522751|Erfüllende Gemeinde of Thuringia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1317260|administrative community of Thuringia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q672502|Q672502]]
| ''[[:d:Q672502|Ernestine duchy]]''
| [[ducato]]<br/>[[Principato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28502934|Q28502934]]
| ''[[:d:Q28502934|Escuela Interarmas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1522839|staff college]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139960773|Q139960773]]
| ''[[:d:Q139960773|established mayoral strategic authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q139960755|mayoral strategic authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130128289|Q130128289]]
| ''[[:d:Q130128289|Estado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2078819|Q2078819]]
| ''[[:d:Q2078819|Estado unitario descentralizado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183039|form of state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4314954|Q4314954]]
| ''[[:d:Q4314954|ethnic district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28130264|Q28130264]]
| ''[[:d:Q28130264|ethnic federalism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>[[Federalismo]]
| ''[[:d:Q12909644|ideologia politic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q33104069|political concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17361311|Q17361311]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361311|ethnic sumu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3920906|Q3920906]]
| ''[[:d:Q3920906|ethnic territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4315063|Q4315063]]
| ''[[:d:Q4315063|ethnic town of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q582525|Q582525]]
| ''[[:d:Q582525|ethnic township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11129101|Q11129101]]
| ''[[:d:Q11129101|ethnic village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13100073|village of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86668190|Q86668190]]
| ''[[:d:Q86668190|ethnostate]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q2115215|prescription]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42132|Q42132]]
| ''[[:d:Q42132|eup]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24024848|Q24024848]]
| ''[[:d:Q24024848|eup of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42132|eup]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112631697|Q112631697]]
| ''[[:d:Q112631697|eupseong]]''
| [[fortalessa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16748868|city walls]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q473996|Q473996]]
| ''[[:d:Q473996|Eurasian Economic Community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4120211|regional organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4120211|regional organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q518553|Q518553]]
| ''[[:d:Q518553|Eurodistrict]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646667|administrative territorial entity of more than one country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1375749|Q1375749]]
| ''[[:d:Q1375749|European City]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q216353|title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90696277|Q90696277]]
| ''[[:d:Q90696277|European colonies in Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17631847|European colonialism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52110228|geopolitical group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16185883|Q16185883]]
| ''[[:d:Q16185883|European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51885731|Q51885731]]
| ''[[:d:Q51885731|European Standardization Organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1328899|standards organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4120211|regional organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2555851|Q2555851]]
| ''[[:d:Q2555851|European Union wine growing zones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2140699|wine-producing region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21652514|Q21652514]]
| ''[[:d:Q21652514|Evacuation hospitals]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55611244|Q55611244]]
| ''[[:d:Q55611244|evil empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3377406|political buzzword]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q843227|trope]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1145276|fictional country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q946136|Q946136]]
| ''[[:d:Q946136|exarchate of the Byzantine Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6418772|entitate territorial administrative del Imperio Byzantin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85882297|Q85882297]]
| ''[[:d:Q85882297|Exceptional Floor Area Ratio District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q202008|Q202008]]
| ''[[:d:Q202008|exclusive economic zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136338767|maritime zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11479490|Q11479490]]
| ''[[:d:Q11479490|Exclusive Industrial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105742483|Q105742483]]
| ''[[:d:Q105742483|executive capital]]''
| [[capital]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81270527|Q81270527]]
| ''[[:d:Q81270527|exempted village school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23002039|public educational institution of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21130185|Q21130185]]
| ''[[:d:Q21130185|existing village of a former municipality in Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47254761|village in Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3736108|Q3736108]]
| ''[[:d:Q3736108|export-processing zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3929782|free trade zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11687019|Q11687019]]
| ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14192199|territory of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107721276|overseas territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5422121|Q5422121]]
| ''[[:d:Q5422121|extra-parochial area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1385389|Q1385389]]
| ''[[:d:Q1385389|Extra-provincial Anglican churches]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18917976|Anglican diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2693668|Q2693668]]
| ''[[:d:Q2693668|Exulantenstadt]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44565|Q44565]]
| ''[[:d:Q44565|eyalet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202405|Q118202405]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202405|F-Shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10493346|Q10493346]]
| ''[[:d:Q10493346|FA- Regions]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134607253|Q134607253]]
| ''[[:d:Q134607253|Fabrik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23787781|Q23787781]]
| ''[[:d:Q23787781|Fahrradfreundliche Kommune (Baden-Württemberg)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23787679|Bicycle friendly municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q618779|award]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q392160|Q392160]]
| ''[[:d:Q392160|failed state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200424|Q118200424]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200424|falkenhorst III]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5434436|Q5434436]]
| ''[[:d:Q5434436|fanzhen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10922837|administrative territorial entity of the Tang dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1197588|military government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113337308|Q113337308]]
| ''[[:d:Q113337308|farm colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131596|farm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99945381|Q99945381]]
| ''[[:d:Q99945381|farmers' company town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627236|company town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108533406|Q108533406]]
| ''[[:d:Q108533406|farnost Evangelické církve metodistické]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5436494|Q5436494]]
| ''[[:d:Q5436494|farthing of Iceland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1143175|administrative division of Iceland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2240381|Q2240381]]
| ''[[:d:Q2240381|fashion capital]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1398534|Q1398534]]
| ''[[:d:Q1398534|faussebraye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q183342|Q183342]]
| ''[[:d:Q183342|federal city of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43263|federal subject of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106643597|Russian object of federal importance]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106389302|city/town in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18398645|types of towns and cities in Russia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56692327|Q56692327]]
| ''[[:d:Q56692327|federal constituency of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107990331|constituency in Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1052894|single-member district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59680832|Q59680832]]
| ''[[:d:Q59680832|federal constituency of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27495502|Q27495502]]
| ''[[:d:Q27495502|federal district of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q485258|Statos de Brasil]]''<br/>[[Districto federal]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q484215|Q484215]]
| ''[[:d:Q484215|federal district of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106643597|Russian object of federal importance]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4711849|Q4711849]]
| ''[[:d:Q4711849|federal electoral district in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6619312|Q6619312]]
| ''[[:d:Q6619312|federal electoral district in British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063368|Q15063368]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063368|federal electoral district in Manitoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063373|Q15063373]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063373|federal electoral district in New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063379|Q15063379]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063379|federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063384|Q15063384]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063384|federal electoral district in Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6593031|Q6593031]]
| ''[[:d:Q6593031|federal electoral district in Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063391|Q15063391]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063391|federal electoral district in Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3248048|Q3248048]]
| ''[[:d:Q3248048|federal electoral district in Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12139612|list]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063395|Q15063395]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063395|federal electoral district in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17202187|Q17202187]]
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973938|electoral district of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11703715|Q11703715]]
| ''[[:d:Q11703715|federal electoral district of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q1837738|list of federal electoral districts of Germany]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1154445|Q1154445]]
| ''[[:d:Q1154445|federal electoral district of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117884513|Q117884513]]
| ''[[:d:Q117884513|federal judicial district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1005901|Q1005901]]
| ''[[:d:Q1005901|federal level]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98129123|Q98129123]]
| ''[[:d:Q98129123|federal member state of Somalia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q878116|administrative territorial entity of Somalia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3208952|Q3208952]]
| ''[[:d:Q3208952|federal monarchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>[[monarchia]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138771333|Q138771333]]
| ''[[:d:Q138771333|federal parliamentary monarchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330103|parliamentary monarchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3208952|federal monarchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5440547|Q5440547]]
| ''[[:d:Q5440547|federal parliamentary republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q166747|parliamentary system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4198907|parliamentary republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q261543|Q261543]]
| ''[[:d:Q261543|federal state of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43263|Q43263]]
| ''[[:d:Q43263|federal subject of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5214867|Q5214867]]
| ''[[:d:Q5214867|federal territory]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22080713|Q22080713]]
| ''[[:d:Q22080713|federal territory of Brazil]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1008803|Q1008803]]
| ''[[:d:Q1008803|federal territory of Malaysia]]''
| [[Districto federal]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q50464|states and federal territories of Malaysia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106643841|Q106643841]]
| ''[[:d:Q106643841|Federal territory of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106643597|Russian object of federal importance]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q97664398|טריטוריה פדרלית]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2628882|legal status]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138823494|Q138823494]]
| ''[[:d:Q138823494|federated region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43702|Q43702]]
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22676603|federal system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1140229|political union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17306938|luettelo liittovaltioista]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20528428|Q20528428]]
| ''[[:d:Q20528428|federative entity of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1404015|Q1404015]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404015|Fellagha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1414937|combatant]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179023|French colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q207320|paramilitary organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12005506|Q12005506]]
| ''[[:d:Q12005506|fest]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5757797|Q5757797]]
| ''[[:d:Q5757797|feudal castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3518201|Q3518201]]
| ''[[:d:Q3518201|feudal land tenure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q467033|feud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1149275|property law]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16836659|Q16836659]]
| ''[[:d:Q16836659|feudal land tenure in England]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3518201|feudal land tenure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11458389|Q11458389]]
| ''[[:d:Q11458389|feudal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130850844|Q130850844]]
| ''[[:d:Q130850844|feudal states of Kerala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q70697|Q70697]]
| ''[[:d:Q70697|Feuerschaugemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3071508|Q3071508]]
| ''[[:d:Q3071508|Fief de haubert]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q188063|Q188063]]
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q273005|economic system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2752458|administrative type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1813306|Q1813306]]
| ''[[:d:Q1813306|fiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1402346|Q1402346]]
| ''[[:d:Q1402346|field fortification]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1402739|Q1402739]]
| ''[[:d:Q1402739|field hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137673810|emergency hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2972979|Q2972979]]
| ''[[:d:Q2972979|Fifth constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15640612|Q15640612]]
| ''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141164518|Q141164518]]
| ''[[:d:Q141164518|fifth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65392712|Q65392712]]
| ''[[:d:Q65392712|fiifdiel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25616453|Q25616453]]
| ''[[:d:Q25616453|Fiifgea]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27882249|Q27882249]]
| ''[[:d:Q27882249|filiální sbor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1989839|kirch]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1066984|Q1066984]]
| ''[[:d:Q1066984|financial center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16562419|political entity]]''<br/>[[Citate global]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q823175|Q823175]]
| ''[[:d:Q823175|Finlandization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66762677|political term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11895038|Q11895038]]
| ''[[:d:Q11895038|Finnish cities]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49099784|Q49099784]]
| ''[[:d:Q49099784|Finska lagsagor 1776–1868]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10553306|lagsaga]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141175369|Q141175369]]
| ''[[:d:Q141175369|finua of Maluku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5451563|Q5451563]]
| ''[[:d:Q5451563|fire control tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811430|fixed construction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115860085|Q115860085]]
| ''[[:d:Q115860085|fire district of Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112904835|fire district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139060409|Q139060409]]
| ''[[:d:Q139060409|fire district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112904835|fire district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13172616|Q13172616]]
| ''[[:d:Q13172616|fire facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13226383|facility]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q748998|Q748998]]
| ''[[:d:Q748998|fire lookout tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q66084751|list of fire lookout towers]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11657023|Q11657023]]
| ''[[:d:Q11657023|Fire Prevention District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129872494|Q129872494]]
| ''[[:d:Q129872494|fire protection district of Missouri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q139060409|fire district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16889133|classe]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65121211|Q65121211]]
| ''[[:d:Q65121211|firebase]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5477659|Q5477659]]
| ''[[:d:Q5477659|firing range]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3402119|Q3402119]]
| ''[[:d:Q3402119|First constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q970750|Q970750]]
| ''[[:d:Q970750|First French rule in the Ionian Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50258518|Q50258518]]
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29515523|constituency in South Korea]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50266545|Q50266545]]
| ''[[:d:Q50266545|First Level Administrative Governor Constituency in South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29515523|constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115790720|Q115790720]]
| ''[[:d:Q115790720|First Nation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15221304|Q15221304]]
| ''[[:d:Q15221304|first-class city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15221256|city of Wisconsin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139556365|Q139556365]]
| ''[[:d:Q139556365|first-degree traditional chiefdom in Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2962054|traditional chiefdom in Cameroon]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12479773|Q12479773]]
| ''[[:d:Q12479773|first-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4005760|Q4005760]]
| ''[[:d:Q4005760|first-level unit of Palermo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976662|subdivision of Palermo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13358528|Q13358528]]
| ''[[:d:Q13358528|fiscal district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10947702|administrative territorial entity of Song dynasty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16077826|administrative territorial entity of Jin dynasty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11387891|administrative territorial entity of the Yuan Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q651677|Q651677]]
| ''[[:d:Q651677|fiscal union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1140229|political union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111594579|Q111594579]]
| ''[[:d:Q111594579|Fish Habitat Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1367500|marine protected area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12050451|Q12050451]]
| ''[[:d:Q12050451|fishing premise]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116447059|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13226383|facility]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121085044|water sports venue]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135414921|Q135414921]]
| ''[[:d:Q135414921|fjällsameby]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15489797|sameby]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572282|Q50572282]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572282|FLACS Council Constituency of Busan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572287|Q50572287]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572287|FLACS Council Constituency of Daegu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572297|Q50572297]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572297|FLACS Council Constituency of Daejeon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572283|Q50572283]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572283|FLACS Council Constituency of Gangwon Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572279|Q50572279]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572279|FLACS Council Constituency of Gwangju]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572285|Q50572285]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572285|FLACS Council Constituency of Gyeonggi Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572289|Q50572289]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572289|FLACS Council Constituency of Incheon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572274|Q50572274]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572274|FLACS Council Constituency of Jeju]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572294|Q50572294]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572294|FLACS Council Constituency of North Chungcheong Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572284|Q50572284]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572284|FLACS Council Constituency of North Gyeongsang Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572296|Q50572296]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572296|FLACS Council Constituency of North Jeolla Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572273|Q50572273]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572273|FLACS Council Constituency of Sejong City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572292|Q50572292]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572292|FLACS Council Constituency of Seoul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55737293|constituency in Seoul]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572280|Q50572280]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572280|FLACS Council Constituency of South Chungcheong Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572291|Q50572291]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572291|FLACS Council Constituency of South Gyeongsang Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572290|Q50572290]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572290|FLACS Council Constituency of South Jeolla Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50572278|Q50572278]]
| ''[[:d:Q50572278|FLACS Council Constituency of Ulsan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50258518|First level administrative councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91914|Q91914]]
| ''[[:d:Q91914|flak tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15815716|high-rise bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q74218597|Q74218597]]
| ''[[:d:Q74218597|flakbatterie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656167|military position]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28733098|Q28733098]]
| ''[[:d:Q28733098|flanking structure]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1427123|Q1427123]]
| ''[[:d:Q1427123|flanking tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1428515|Q1428515]]
| ''[[:d:Q1428515|Fliegerhorst]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q62447|aerodrome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111594582|Q111594582]]
| ''[[:d:Q111594582|Flora Reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498905|Q101498905]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498905|Florida Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499024|Q101499024]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499024|Florida Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1428073|Q1428073]]
| ''[[:d:Q1428073|flèche]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129224|Q129224]]
| ''[[:d:Q129224|foederati]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3612401|allies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3074922|Q3074922]]
| ''[[:d:Q3074922|Fokonolona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1087635|administrative territorial entity of Madagascar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3074923|Q3074923]]
| ''[[:d:Q3074923|Fokontany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1087635|administrative territorial entity of Madagascar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20984133|Q20984133]]
| ''[[:d:Q20984133|folly fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1376651|Q1376651]]
| ''[[:d:Q1376651|foreign concession in China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1192403|concession]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q661305|capitulation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11133161|Q11133161]]
| ''[[:d:Q11133161|foreign concession in Hankou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1376651|foreign concession in China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63087606|Q63087606]]
| ''[[:d:Q63087606|Foreign electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q63084210|electoral district of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134150117|Q134150117]]
| ''[[:d:Q134150117|foreign military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5468613|Q5468613]]
| ''[[:d:Q5468613|foreign-trade zones of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3929782|free trade zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5469142|Q5469142]]
| ''[[:d:Q5469142|forest circle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137547946|Q137547946]]
| ''[[:d:Q137547946|Forest City]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q117421617|city nickname]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5469146|Q5469146]]
| ''[[:d:Q5469146|forest division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116447059|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5469191|Q5469191]]
| ''[[:d:Q5469191|forest park of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6629955|forest park]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20119979|Q20119979]]
| ''[[:d:Q20119979|forest range]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116700127|Q116700127]]
| ''[[:d:Q116700127|Forest Reserve of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116699470|former United States National Forest]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22815176|Q22815176]]
| ''[[:d:Q22815176|forestry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62687|Q62687]]
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121096353|environmental agency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4259749|Q4259749]]
| ''[[:d:Q4259749|forestry district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q899491|Q899491]]
| ''[[:d:Q899491|formannskapsdistrikt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19953632|Q19953632]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96088545|former geographical object]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q52551684|historical geographic location]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15494985|Q15494985]]
| ''[[:d:Q15494985|former administrative territorial entity in medieval Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141163034|Q141163034]]
| ''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2358894|Q2358894]]
| ''[[:d:Q2358894|former administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12748099|Q12748099]]
| ''[[:d:Q12748099|former administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48860944|Q48860944]]
| ''[[:d:Q48860944|former administrative units of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3307023|Q3307023]]
| ''[[:d:Q3307023|former administrative units of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125915900|Q125915900]]
| ''[[:d:Q125915900|former anglican diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q122911333|former diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18917976|Anglican diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20060955|episcopal diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124397884|Q124397884]]
| ''[[:d:Q124397884|former apostolic administration]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1431554|apostolic administration]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137662053|Q137662053]]
| ''[[:d:Q137662053|former apostolic exarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123696317|suppressed apostolic vicariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3732788|apostolic exarchate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140774526|Q140774526]]
| ''[[:d:Q140774526|former area of London]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2755753|area of London]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96088545|former geographical object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2845944|Q2845944]]
| ''[[:d:Q2845944|former arrondissement of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702842|municipal arrondissement of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q679388|municipal arrondissement of Paris]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105819255|Q105819255]]
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11774263|Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116257904|Q116257904]]
| ''[[:d:Q116257904|former barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96084375|former building or structure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135103495|Q135103495]]
| ''[[:d:Q135103495|former Belgian municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q102782189|Q102782189]]
| ''[[:d:Q102782189|former Block Panchayat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4927168|Block Panchayat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27554677|Q27554677]]
| ''[[:d:Q27554677|former capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93350035|Q93350035]]
| ''[[:d:Q93350035|former chōaza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65948724|neighborhood in Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66467322|former neighbourhood]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124000046|Q124000046]]
| ''[[:d:Q124000046|former chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q93350035|former chōaza]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18821702|Q18821702]]
| ''[[:d:Q18821702|former commune of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131839385|Q131839385]]
| ''[[:d:Q131839385|former commune of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105728095|Q105728095]]
| ''[[:d:Q105728095|former congressional district of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96020121|congressional district of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96088545|former geographical object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69699680|Q69699680]]
| ''[[:d:Q69699680|former constituency of the Althing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1515437|constituency of Iceland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339581|Q124339581]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339581|former constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339599|Q124339599]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339599|former constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339630|Q124339630]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339630|former constituency of the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339636|Q124339636]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339636|former constituency of the Assam Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339637|Q124339637]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339637|former constituency of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339638|Q124339638]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339638|former constituency of the Bombay Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339639|Q124339639]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339639|former constituency of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339640|Q124339640]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339640|former constituency of the Delhi Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339641|Q124339641]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339641|former constituency of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339642|Q124339642]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339642|former constituency of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339643|Q124339643]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339643|former constituency of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339644|Q124339644]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339644|former constituency of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339645|Q124339645]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339645|former constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339646|Q124339646]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339646|former constituency of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339647|Q124339647]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339647|former constituency of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105819240|Q105819240]]
| ''[[:d:Q105819240|former constituency of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125450892|Q125450892]]
| ''[[:d:Q125450892|former constituency of the Lok Sabha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339650|Q124339650]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339650|former constituency of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339652|Q124339652]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339652|former constituency of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339653|Q124339653]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339653|former constituency of the Manipur Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339654|Q124339654]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339654|former constituency of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339655|Q124339655]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339655|former constituency of the Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339656|Q124339656]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339656|former constituency of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339657|Q124339657]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339657|former constituency of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339658|Q124339658]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339658|former constituency of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339659|Q124339659]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339659|former constituency of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339660|Q124339660]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339660|former constituency of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11797475|Q11797475]]
| ''[[:d:Q11797475|former constituency of the Sejm (1991–1993)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11797473|constituency of the Sejm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11797474|Q11797474]]
| ''[[:d:Q11797474|former constituency of the Sejm (1993–2001)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11797473|constituency of the Sejm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339661|Q124339661]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339661|former constituency of the Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339662|Q124339662]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339662|former constituency of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339663|Q124339663]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339663|former constituency of the Telangana Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339664|Q124339664]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339664|former constituency of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339665|Q124339665]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339665|former constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339666|Q124339666]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339666|former constituency of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124339667|Q124339667]]
| ''[[:d:Q124339667|former constituency of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105819255|Former Assembly constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26654367|Q26654367]]
| ''[[:d:Q26654367|former county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28739697|Q28739697]]
| ''[[:d:Q28739697|former county of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1289426|county of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q83640434|Q83640434]]
| ''[[:d:Q83640434|former county of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192299|county of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4204495|Q4204495]]
| ''[[:d:Q4204495|former county of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1536372|census division of Ontario]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64624092|Q64624092]]
| ''[[:d:Q64624092|former county of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q200547|county of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26654367|former county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122911333|Q122911333]]
| ''[[:d:Q122911333|former diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129091194|Q129091194]]
| ''[[:d:Q129091194|former district of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138509364|Q138509364]]
| ''[[:d:Q138509364|former district of Germany]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1299358|Q1299358]]
| ''[[:d:Q1299358|former district of Ghana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q545769|district of Ghana]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q107663090|list of former Districts of Ghana]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106036321|Q106036321]]
| ''[[:d:Q106036321|former district of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46426234|Q46426234]]
| ''[[:d:Q46426234|former district of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1122846|district of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6616953|list of dissolved districts of Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4476438|Q4476438]]
| ''[[:d:Q4476438|former district of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2643128|district of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117209920|Q117209920]]
| ''[[:d:Q117209920|former district of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q117209896|district of South Africa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17278014|Q17278014]]
| ''[[:d:Q17278014|former district of Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21601225|Q21601225]]
| ''[[:d:Q21601225|former district of the Bahamas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6052753|local government in The Bahamas]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3777387|Q3777387]]
| ''[[:d:Q3777387|former district of the canton of Bern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17278014|former district of Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631098|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Bern]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17277366|Q17277366]]
| ''[[:d:Q17277366|former district of the canton of Vaud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17278014|former district of Switzerland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631103|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Vaud]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138411346|Q138411346]]
| ''[[:d:Q138411346|former eastern territory of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q574299|provinces of Prussia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66360526|Q66360526]]
| ''[[:d:Q66360526|former electoral district of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5356185|electoral district of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q52048109|Legislative Council district of South Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140774696|Q140774696]]
| ''[[:d:Q140774696|former ethnic enclave in London]]''
| ''[[:d:Q140774697|former ethnic enclave in the UK]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140774526|former area of London]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129262465|Q129262465]]
| ''[[:d:Q129262465|former ethnic township in PRC]]''
| ''[[:d:Q129262326|former township in PRC]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582525|ethnic township]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56046844|Q56046844]]
| ''[[:d:Q56046844|former freguesia of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1131296|freguesia of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41768503|Q41768503]]
| ''[[:d:Q41768503|former French legislative constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973941|French legislative constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66004516|Q66004516]]
| ''[[:d:Q66004516|former government district]]''
| [[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101085149|Q101085149]]
| ''[[:d:Q101085149|former Gram Panchayat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732840|gram panchayat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7268568|Q7268568]]
| ''[[:d:Q7268568|former grietenij]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57976957|Q57976957]]
| ''[[:d:Q57976957|former hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22674925|former settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30129411|Q30129411]]
| ''[[:d:Q30129411|former local government area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64827141|Q64827141]]
| ''[[:d:Q64827141|former local government area of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30129411|former local government area of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29301263|Q29301263]]
| ''[[:d:Q29301263|Former local government area of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1317103|list of local government areas of Tasmania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30129411|former local government area of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64827143|Q64827143]]
| ''[[:d:Q64827143|former local government of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q64819963|local government of South Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116693136|Q116693136]]
| ''[[:d:Q116693136|former military hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96084375|former building or structure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124434470|Q124434470]]
| ''[[:d:Q124434470|former mission sui iuris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q644930|mission sui iuris]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51647|Christian mission]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19730508|Q19730508]]
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19347965|Q19347965]]
| ''[[:d:Q19347965|former municipality of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667509|municipality of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23036513|Q23036513]]
| ''[[:d:Q23036513|former municipality of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2177636|municipality of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26742250|Q26742250]]
| ''[[:d:Q26742250|former municipality of Estonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q612229|municipality of Estonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17468533|Q17468533]]
| ''[[:d:Q17468533|former municipality of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q856076|municipality of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q430362|list of former municipalities of Finland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117871604|Q117871604]]
| ''[[:d:Q117871604|former municipality of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57416832|Q57416832]]
| ''[[:d:Q57416832|former municipality of Greenland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107141943|Q107141943]]
| ''[[:d:Q107141943|former municipality of Iceland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16420087|Liste der ehemaligen Gemeinden in Island]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110211119|Q110211119]]
| ''[[:d:Q110211119|former municipality of Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3345345|municipalitate de Lettonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131749582|Q131749582]]
| ''[[:d:Q131749582|former municipality of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1363145|municipality of Lithuania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134577111|Q134577111]]
| ''[[:d:Q134577111|former municipality of Luxembourg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919801|municipality of Luxembourg]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133444419|Q133444419]]
| ''[[:d:Q133444419|former municipality of North Macedonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646793|municipality of North Macedonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18663579|Q18663579]]
| ''[[:d:Q18663579|former municipality of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q755707|municipality of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q301399|list of former municipalities of Norway]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55863584|Q55863584]]
| ''[[:d:Q55863584|former municipality of Spain]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6621272|Q6621272]]
| ''[[:d:Q6621272|former municipality of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q127448|communa svedese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q685309|Q685309]]
| ''[[:d:Q685309|former municipality of Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q29919555|list of former municipalities of Switzerland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96948740|Q96948740]]
| ''[[:d:Q96948740|former municipality of the Faroe Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q856079|municipality of the Faroe Islands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7265977|Q7265977]]
| ''[[:d:Q7265977|former municipality of the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2039348|municipality of the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136340308|Q136340308]]
| ''[[:d:Q136340308|former municipality of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24764|municipality of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131463097|Q131463097]]
| ''[[:d:Q131463097|former municipality of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129268952|Q129268952]]
| ''[[:d:Q129268952|former national capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27554677|former capital]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1012811|list of former national capitals]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96182830|Q96182830]]
| ''[[:d:Q96182830|former neutral zones of the Arabian Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20257582|neutral zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26714837|Q26714837]]
| ''[[:d:Q26714837|former New Zealand electorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q102854139|Q102854139]]
| ''[[:d:Q102854139|former parish in Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q814648|parish of Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136566030|Q136566030]]
| ''[[:d:Q136566030|former parish municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27676524|parish municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110835114|Q110835114]]
| ''[[:d:Q110835114|former parish of Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577184|parochia de Lettonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2363637|Q2363637]]
| ''[[:d:Q2363637|former Portuguese province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39847223|Q39847223]]
| ''[[:d:Q39847223|former proto-state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23037160|quasi-state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1541735|Q1541735]]
| ''[[:d:Q1541735|former province of Hokkaidō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3924474|Q3924474]]
| ''[[:d:Q3924474|former province of Italy]]''
| [[provincias de Italia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108847708|Q108847708]]
| ''[[:d:Q108847708|former province of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15728204|province of Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112918617|Q112918617]]
| ''[[:d:Q112918617|former province of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137325529|Q137325529]]
| ''[[:d:Q137325529|former provinces of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2824648|provincia de Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109430523|list of former provinces of Vietnam]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108618243|Q108618243]]
| ''[[:d:Q108618243|former quartiers of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114072597|Q114072597]]
| ''[[:d:Q114072597|former raion of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116916016|Q116916016]]
| ''[[:d:Q116916016|former ranger district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q72081958|ranger district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107663145|Q107663145]]
| ''[[:d:Q107663145|Former Region of Ghana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1052743|region of Ghana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120292046|Q120292046]]
| ''[[:d:Q120292046|former region of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28716292|Q28716292]]
| ''[[:d:Q28716292|former region of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23759625|Q23759625]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759625|former region of Namibia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129670726|Q129670726]]
| ''[[:d:Q129670726|former state capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27554677|former capital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11271835|state capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30155836|Q30155836]]
| ''[[:d:Q30155836|former state electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131920015|Q131920015]]
| ''[[:d:Q131920015|former subdistrict in PRC]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q986065|subdistrict in China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17312348|Q17312348]]
| ''[[:d:Q17312348|former subdistrict of the canton of Ticino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917419|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Ticino]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17276480|subdistrict of the canton of Ticino]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17278014|former district of Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137325575|Q137325575]]
| ''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129262355|Q129262355]]
| ''[[:d:Q129262355|former town in PRC]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q735428|town of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129262326|Q129262326]]
| ''[[:d:Q129262326|former township in PRC]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1500350|township of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116699470|Q116699470]]
| ''[[:d:Q116699470|former United States National Forest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q612741|United States National Forest]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6621167|list of former U.S. National Forests]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136544643|Q136544643]]
| ''[[:d:Q136544643|former village of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1529096|village of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21507948|former village]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84582639|Q84582639]]
| ''[[:d:Q84582639|former voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]]''
| [[Voivodatos de Polonia|voivodato de Polonia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2300219|subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10497996|Q10497996]]
| ''[[:d:Q10497996|Fornborgar i Gästrikland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28056211|Q28056211]]
| ''[[:d:Q28056211|Forstamt Clausthal-Zellerfeld]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28056209|Q28056209]]
| ''[[:d:Q28056209|Forstamt St. Andreasberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1785071|Q1785071]]
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q80962689|Q80962689]]
| ''[[:d:Q80962689|fort or fortlet on the Antonine Wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56319883|Q56319883]]
| ''[[:d:Q56319883|Fort réduit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81851|bastion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57831|Q57831]]
| [[fortalessa]]
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9261789|Q9261789]]
| ''[[:d:Q9261789|Fortalicja]]''
| [[edificio]]<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57821|Q57821]]
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111972893|type of structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12149071|Q12149071]]
| ''[[:d:Q12149071|fortification line]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62023795|Q62023795]]
| ''[[:d:Q62023795|Fortification section H-33 Prachatice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3491315|Czechoslovak light pillboxes Model 37]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62023599|Q62023599]]
| ''[[:d:Q62023599|Fortification section H-42 Prachatice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3491315|Czechoslovak light pillboxes Model 37]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12057999|Q12057999]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120926552|engineered physical system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131388795|Q131388795]]
| ''[[:d:Q131388795|Fortifications of al-Andalus]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115468221|Q115468221]]
| ''[[:d:Q115468221|fortified cemetery]]''
| [[cemeterio]]<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1571674|Q1571674]]
| ''[[:d:Q1571674|fortified church]]''
| [[Ecclesia (edificio)|ecclesia]]<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120721368|Q120721368]]
| ''[[:d:Q120721368|fortified clock tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q853854|clock tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90786|Q90786]]
| ''[[:d:Q90786|fortified district of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39532039|Q39532039]]
| ''[[:d:Q39532039|fortified ecclesiastical site]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q24398318|religious building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3068953|Q3068953]]
| ''[[:d:Q3068953|fortified farm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q489357|farmhouse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56647755|Q56647755]]
| ''[[:d:Q56647755|fortified farmhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q585956|masia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1408475|Q1408475]]
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>[[casa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q879050|manor house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17105511|Q17105511]]
| ''[[:d:Q17105511|fortified houses in Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32164125|Q32164125]]
| ''[[:d:Q32164125|fortified manor house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q879050|manor house]]''<br/>[[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98795663|Q98795663]]
| ''[[:d:Q98795663|fortified palace]]''
| [[palatio]]<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14601169|Q14601169]]
| ''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81917|Q81917]]
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q677678|Q677678]]
| ''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q40364446|historic city]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1864448|list of cities with defensive walls]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9261798|Q9261798]]
| ''[[:d:Q9261798|fortress artillery battery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11863092|Q11863092]]
| ''[[:d:Q11863092|fortress artillery casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61826332|artillery casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826293|Q61826293]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826293|fortress artillery observatory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11863090|artillery observatory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2741017|Q2741017]]
| ''[[:d:Q2741017|fortress church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1571674|fortified church]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10500900|Q10500900]]
| ''[[:d:Q10500900|fortress city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826172|Q61826172]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826172|fortress infantry casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12047842|infantry casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29968665|Q29968665]]
| ''[[:d:Q29968665|fortress island]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q207524|islet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826268|Q61826268]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826268|fortress mortar dome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12037755|mortar dome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139941357|Q139941357]]
| ''[[:d:Q139941357|fortress-house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''<br/>[[casa]]
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1005960|Q1005960]]
| ''[[:d:Q1005960|Fortresses of the German Confederation]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14906021|Q14906021]]
| ''[[:d:Q14906021|forts in the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125207711|Q125207711]]
| ''[[:d:Q125207711|forum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q100205512|administrative territorial entity of ancient Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q159313|urban agglomeration]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97738009|Q97738009]]
| ''[[:d:Q97738009|forward arming and refuelling point]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1321241|outpost]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2604714|Q2604714]]
| ''[[:d:Q2604714|forward operating base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6621312|list of forward operating bases]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16636799|Q16636799]]
| ''[[:d:Q16636799|Foto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2962054|traditional chiefdom in Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1642488|chiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126723715|village of Cameroon]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139960743|Q139960743]]
| ''[[:d:Q139960743|foundation strategic authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q139960687|strategic authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3413598|Q3413598]]
| ''[[:d:Q3413598|Fourth constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15221373|Q15221373]]
| ''[[:d:Q15221373|fourth-class city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15221256|city of Wisconsin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14757767|Q14757767]]
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2225692|Q2225692]]
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[village]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20183967|Q20183967]]
| ''[[:d:Q20183967|foxhole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91764|military trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27959370|Q27959370]]
| ''[[:d:Q27959370|foxhole]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1134686|Q1134686]]
| ''[[:d:Q1134686|fraction]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q177634|community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
| subdivision territorial de un communa in Italia
|-
| [[:d:Q22670000|Q22670000]]
| ''[[:d:Q22670000|fraction cantonale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106809346|Q106809346]]
| ''[[:d:Q106809346|fraction de commune]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28912853|Q28912853]]
| ''[[:d:Q28912853|fraction of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2252703|Q2252703]]
| ''[[:d:Q2252703|fragile state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3080381|Q3080381]]
| ''[[:d:Q3080381|frairie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1440591|Q1440591]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440591|Fraktionsgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3080458|Q3080458]]
| ''[[:d:Q3080458|Franc-fief]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20180964|Q20180964]]
| ''[[:d:Q20180964|franciscan custody]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90511324|Q90511324]]
| ''[[:d:Q90511324|Franciscan province (O.F.M.)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5490609|Q5490609]]
| ''[[:d:Q5490609|frankalmoin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16836659|feudal land tenure in England]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16569447|Q16569447]]
| ''[[:d:Q16569447|franquicia]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11248548|Q11248548]]
| ''[[:d:Q11248548|fraternal country]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17135880|Q17135880]]
| ''[[:d:Q17135880|frazione of Genoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1134686|fraction]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5500203|Q5500203]]
| ''[[:d:Q5500203|free city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[stato]]<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q13218276|free city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1094545|civitas]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13218276|Q13218276]]
| ''[[:d:Q13218276|free city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q836915|free state]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116215378|Q116215378]]
| ''[[:d:Q116215378|free city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13218276|free city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q496341|Q496341]]
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57318|Q57318]]
| ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q836915|Q836915]]
| ''[[:d:Q836915|free state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3929782|Q3929782]]
| ''[[:d:Q3929782|free trade zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120204769|Q120204769]]
| ''[[:d:Q120204769|free trade zone in China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3929782|free trade zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4193799|Q4193799]]
| ''[[:d:Q4193799|free-fire zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66740226|military term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104172772|Q104172772]]
| ''[[:d:Q104172772|freguesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12712991|Q12712991]]
| ''[[:d:Q12712991|freguesia of Cape Verde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q910919|administrative territorial entity of Cape Verde]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1131296|Q1131296]]
| ''[[:d:Q1131296|freguesia of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41791733|statistical territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q950055|list of parishes of Portugal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119445374|Q119445374]]
| ''[[:d:Q119445374|Freie evangelische Gemeinde in Deutschland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20820021|ecclesiastical municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104159916|Q104159916]]
| ''[[:d:Q104159916|Freier Gemeindeverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1454219|Q1454219]]
| ''[[:d:Q1454219|Freigrafschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19951607|Q19951607]]
| ''[[:d:Q19951607|French Colonial Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7167|colonialismo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q815962|colonization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179023|French colonial empire]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q179023|Q179023]]
| ''[[:d:Q179023|French colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3044810|Q3044810]]
| ''[[:d:Q3044810|French departments of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6465|departimento de Francia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973941|Q2973941]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973941|French legislative constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16009113|electoral district in France]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3373662|Q3373662]]
| ''[[:d:Q3373662|French-speaking country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117305333|Q117305333]]
| ''[[:d:Q117305333|Fresno City Council District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10499171|Q10499171]]
| ''[[:d:Q10499171|frikyrkostad]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1355821|Q1355821]]
| ''[[:d:Q1355821|frontier]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q732352|Q732352]]
| ''[[:d:Q732352|frontier market]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177323|developing country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132828504|Q132828504]]
| ''[[:d:Q132828504|Frontier states of the Gupta Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q359269|Q359269]]
| ''[[:d:Q359269|Frontline States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134721293|Q134721293]]
| ''[[:d:Q134721293|fréier Gemeng a Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19730508|former municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q839328|Q839328]]
| ''[[:d:Q839328|fu]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131336218|Q131336218]]
| ''[[:d:Q131336218|fu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q839328|fu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57208328|Q57208328]]
| ''[[:d:Q57208328|fuel depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13226383|facility]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1497364|building complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60983064|military depot]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11456252|Q11456252]]
| ''[[:d:Q11456252|Fuji metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11594394|Q11594394]]
| ''[[:d:Q11594394|Fukujin-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11408956|Hakata Matsubayashi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046763|matsuri]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11288342|Q11288342]]
| ''[[:d:Q11288342|Fukuoka metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11593758|Q11593758]]
| ''[[:d:Q11593758|Fukushima metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107342764|Q107342764]]
| ''[[:d:Q107342764|Funabashi metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973945|Q2973945]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973945|functional constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5508804|Q5508804]]
| ''[[:d:Q5508804|functional constituency of Hong Kong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973945|functional constituency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19999028|Hong Kong Legislative Council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17003279|Q17003279]]
| ''[[:d:Q17003279|functional constituency of Macau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973945|functional constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113303812|Q113303812]]
| ''[[:d:Q113303812|functional territorial area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5871700|Q5871700]]
| ''[[:d:Q5871700|fundus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15207445|Q15207445]]
| ''[[:d:Q15207445|fur-trading district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2280389|Q2280389]]
| ''[[:d:Q2280389|fusion municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12143|Q12143]]
| [[Fuso horari]]
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6313217|time standard]]''<br/>[[region]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q3048055|list of time zones]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87040861|Q87040861]]
| ''[[:d:Q87040861|Fußballbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q87041240|administrative territorial entity in sports]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16323596|Q16323596]]
| ''[[:d:Q16323596|fylke]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10500761|Q10500761]]
| ''[[:d:Q10500761|fängelseförsamling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106436629|Q106436629]]
| ''[[:d:Q106436629|fédération de communes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28056213|Q28056213]]
| ''[[:d:Q28056213|Försterei Achtermannshöhe Oderbrück/Braunlage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28797214|Q28797214]]
| ''[[:d:Q28797214|Fürsorge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2306033|Social service]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21824758|Q21824758]]
| ''[[:d:Q21824758|ga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18652188|Q18652188]]
| ''[[:d:Q18652188|gacha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10930275|grassroots mass autonomous organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q158490|Q158490]]
| ''[[:d:Q158490|Gaeltacht]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13414965|Q13414965]]
| ''[[:d:Q13414965|Gaeltacht Iorrais agus Acaill]]''
| ''[[:d:Q158490|Gaeltacht]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559137|Q3559137]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559137|Gallo-Roman city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25377665|Q25377665]]
| ''[[:d:Q25377665|gambling city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28942401|Q28942401]]
| ''[[:d:Q28942401|game reserve of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1714375|game reserve]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117074652|Q117074652]]
| ''[[:d:Q117074652|game reserve of Victoria, Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251288|protected area of Victoria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4285979|Q4285979]]
| ''[[:d:Q4285979|gampong of Aceh Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1493394|Q1493394]]
| ''[[:d:Q1493394|ganerbenburg]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21550633|Q21550633]]
| ''[[:d:Q21550633|garden city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1835354|Q1835354]]
| ''[[:d:Q1835354|Garnizoensstad]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88556|Q88556]]
| ''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11651156|Q11651156]]
| ''[[:d:Q11651156|garrison]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66736167|Imperial Japanese Army unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1494386|Q1494386]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494386|garrison church]]''
| [[Ecclesia (edificio)|ecclesia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q24398318|religious building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136564162|Q136564162]]
| ''[[:d:Q136564162|garrison hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2330613|Q2330613]]
| ''[[:d:Q2330613|garrison training area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141061602|Q141061602]]
| ''[[:d:Q141061602|Gasschutztür 19P7]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q3305339|building part]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q685204|Q685204]]
| ''[[:d:Q685204|gate tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q53060|gate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21167287|Q21167287]]
| ''[[:d:Q21167287|Gates in Siena]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2975358|Q2975358]]
| ''[[:d:Q2975358|Gates of Jerusalem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20991793|Q20991793]]
| ''[[:d:Q20991793|gates of Krayenhoff]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2923447|waterline]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97580997|Q97580997]]
| ''[[:d:Q97580997|gates of Marrakech]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27062253|Q27062253]]
| ''[[:d:Q27062253|Gau]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q46748568|Deutscher Radfahrer-Bund]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4131030|Q4131030]]
| ''[[:d:Q4131030|gavar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q122998050|list of districts of ancient Armenia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q748198|Q748198]]
| ''[[:d:Q748198|gay village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q2972095|list of gay villages]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q45242174|Q45242174]]
| ''[[:d:Q45242174|gazetted locality of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7632426|suburb/locality of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16889133|classe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1849729|list of localities in Victoria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6589799|list of Melbourne suburbs]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3099808|Q3099808]]
| ''[[:d:Q3099808|gaztelu zahar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128800402|Q128800402]]
| ''[[:d:Q128800402|Gbessia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1853398|subprefecture of Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1492911|Q1492911]]
| ''[[:d:Q1492911|Gebietskirche]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1499928|Q1499928]]
| ''[[:d:Q1499928|Gemarkung]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13430105|Q13430105]]
| ''[[:d:Q13430105|Gemeinde im Landkreis Main-Spessart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1500394|Q1500394]]
| ''[[:d:Q1500394|Gemeindedualismus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13405470|Q13405470]]
| ''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1500572|Q1500572]]
| ''[[:d:Q1500572|Gemeindeverband in Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10503736|Q10503736]]
| ''[[:d:Q10503736|Gemensamma Distriktet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q127448|communa svedese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1501116|Q1501116]]
| ''[[:d:Q1501116|Gemischte Gemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q83554028|Q83554028]]
| ''[[:d:Q83554028|Gendarmerie barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q861951|police station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1323389|Q1323389]]
| ''[[:d:Q1323389|General Captaincy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724789|Q20724789]]
| ''[[:d:Q20724789|general governorate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724849|Q20724849]]
| ''[[:d:Q20724849|general governorate of Nazi Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724791|Q20724791]]
| ''[[:d:Q20724791|general governorate of the anti-Napoleon coalition]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724789|general governorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724797|Q20724797]]
| ''[[:d:Q20724797|general governorate of the Central Powers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724789|general governorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q671370|Q671370]]
| ''[[:d:Q671370|general governorate of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20724789|general governorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55612423|Q55612423]]
| ''[[:d:Q55612423|general law municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19297668|Q19297668]]
| ''[[:d:Q19297668|general vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16319112|Q16319112]]
| ''[[:d:Q16319112|Generalbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1501897|Q1501897]]
| ''[[:d:Q1501897|Generality Lands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10503793|Q10503793]]
| ''[[:d:Q10503793|Generalkonfederation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1502702|Q1502702]]
| ''[[:d:Q1502702|Genoese colonies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3093183|Q3093183]]
| ''[[:d:Q3093183|GEODSS]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q62832|observatory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4135910|Q4135910]]
| ''[[:d:Q4135910|geofront]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1686959|underground infrastructure system]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96759164|Q96759164]]
| ''[[:d:Q96759164|geographic township of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2936646|township of Canada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6643835|list of townships in Ontario]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23019040|Q23019040]]
| ''[[:d:Q23019040|geographic township of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2936646|township of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q65168049|list of townships in Quebec]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973947|Q2973947]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973947|geographical constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19999028|Hong Kong Legislative Council constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q80818225|Q80818225]]
| ''[[:d:Q80818225|geographical section of Antonine Wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498859|Q101498859]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498859|Georgia Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498968|Q101498968]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498968|Georgia Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18433455|Q18433455]]
| ''[[:d:Q18433455|gerecht]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q2752458|administrative type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115924010|Q115924010]]
| ''[[:d:Q115924010|Gerichtsamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41487|court]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15687338|Q15687338]]
| ''[[:d:Q15687338|judicial district of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q329618|Q329618]]
| ''[[:d:Q329618|German colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63522940|Q63522940]]
| ''[[:d:Q63522940|German defensive lines in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14524126|Q14524126]]
| ''[[:d:Q14524126|German keep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91165|keep]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2748708|Q2748708]]
| ''[[:d:Q2748708|German military administration in occupied France during World War II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2889084|Military Administration]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q332128|Q332128]]
| ''[[:d:Q332128|German promontory fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92086|promontory fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26271738|Q26271738]]
| ''[[:d:Q26271738|German protectorates in the South Pacific]]''
| ''[[:d:Q329618|German colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107185791|Q107185791]]
| ''[[:d:Q107185791|German Templer colonies in Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q527100|Templers]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1516121|Q1516121]]
| ''[[:d:Q1516121|Gesamtgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141035157|Q141035157]]
| ''[[:d:Q141035157|Gewehrschartenverschluss 48P8]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q3305339|building part]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141037332|Q141037332]]
| ''[[:d:Q141037332|Gewehrschartenverschluss 57P8]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q3305339|building part]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2679943|Q2679943]]
| ''[[:d:Q2679943|gewest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1352019|Q1352019]]
| ''[[:d:Q1352019|gewog of Bhutan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055423|subdivisions of Bhutan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15734396|Q15734396]]
| ''[[:d:Q15734396|Gewährträger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418640|local government in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11471896|Q11471896]]
| ''[[:d:Q11471896|Gifu metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15918034|Q15918034]]
| ''[[:d:Q15918034|Glesbygdskommun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q127448|communa svedese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19202067|Q19202067]]
| ''[[:d:Q19202067|global empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3225586|Q3225586]]
| ''[[:d:Q3225586|Globally Embargoed Countries]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15334|Q15334]]
| ''[[:d:Q15334|gmina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3752524|Q3752524]]
| ''[[:d:Q3752524|gmina's auxiliary unit of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1533295|Q1533295]]
| ''[[:d:Q1533295|Gnotschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140242990|Q140242990]]
| ''[[:d:Q140242990|Gokihachidō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29428403|pentad]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29441699|octad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1196984|Q1196984]]
| ''[[:d:Q1196984|Gokishichidō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29428403|pentad]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29441572|heptad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1559394|Q1559394]]
| ''[[:d:Q1559394|Gompa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54074585|Tibetan Buddhist monastery]]''<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q24398318|religious building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q387448|Q387448]]
| ''[[:d:Q387448|Good City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88598|Q88598]]
| ''[[:d:Q88598|gord]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q22674925|former settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q210272|cultural heritage]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q210272|cultural heritage]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11489337|Q11489337]]
| ''[[:d:Q11489337|gorenshi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1331112|Shinpan daimyo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11489110|Q11489110]]
| ''[[:d:Q11489110|goryōsho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134962447|Japanese Imperial Facilities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3446291|Q3446291]]
| ''[[:d:Q3446291|Gothic kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5402094|barbarian kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3112693|Q3112693]]
| ''[[:d:Q3112693|Gouvernements collaborateurs chinois]]''
| [[Governamento marionette]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3112648|Q3112648]]
| ''[[:d:Q3112648|gouvernements militaires]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q208164|Q208164]]
| [[Governamento marionette]]
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47530375|Q47530375]]
| ''[[:d:Q47530375|governatorato del Imperio Russe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q86622|governorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q86622|governorate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13646349|Q13646349]]
| ''[[:d:Q13646349|Government (Dutch East Indies)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11499102|Q11499102]]
| ''[[:d:Q11499102|government park]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112136688|Q112136688]]
| ''[[:d:Q112136688|government purpose reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42692024|Q42692024]]
| ''[[:d:Q42692024|government region of a Reichsgau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42612577|Q42612577]]
| ''[[:d:Q42612577|government region of Baden-Württemberg]]''
| [[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42613239|Q42613239]]
| ''[[:d:Q42613239|government region of Lower Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21451942|administrative territorial entity of Lower Saxony]]''<br/>[[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q829277|Q829277]]
| ''[[:d:Q829277|government region of North Rhine-Westphalia]]''
| [[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1850612|Q1850612]]
| ''[[:d:Q1850612|government region of Prussia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18559091|administrative territorial entity of Prussia]]''<br/>[[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
| ''[[:d:Q80096233|Wikimedia information list]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42690972|Q42690972]]
| ''[[:d:Q42690972|government region of the Grand Duchy of Hesse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136290414|Q136290414]]
| ''[[:d:Q136290414|governo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86622|Q86622]]
| ''[[:d:Q86622|governorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1798622|Q1798622]]
| ''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16571924|Q16571924]]
| ''[[:d:Q16571924|governorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867606|Q867606]]
| ''[[:d:Q867606|governorate of Bahrain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15644823|administrative territorial entity of Bahrain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q204910|Q204910]]
| ''[[:d:Q204910|governorate of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q28729457|Liste der Gouvernements von Ägypten]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q841753|Q841753]]
| ''[[:d:Q841753|governorate of Iraq]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14925259|administrative territorial entity of Iraq]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3712125|Q3712125]]
| ''[[:d:Q3712125|governorate of Italian East Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867567|Q867567]]
| ''[[:d:Q867567|governorate of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q842876|Q842876]]
| ''[[:d:Q842876|governorate of Kuwait]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644788|administrative territorial entity of Kuwait]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q844713|Q844713]]
| ''[[:d:Q844713|governorate of Lebanon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631056|administrative territorial entity of Lebanon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15630943|Q15630943]]
| ''[[:d:Q15630943|governorate of Libya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66661665|Q66661665]]
| ''[[:d:Q66661665|governorate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3247681|list of governorates of Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q517351|Q517351]]
| ''[[:d:Q517351|governorate of Syria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12267454|administrative territorial entity of Syria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5589759|Q5589759]]
| ''[[:d:Q5589759|governorate of the Grand Principality of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q86622|governorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15733039|Q15733039]]
| ''[[:d:Q15733039|governorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65770134|губерня ў складзе саюзных рэспублік СССР]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5589761|Q5589761]]
| ''[[:d:Q5589761|governorate of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50495|Q50495]]
| ''[[:d:Q50495|governorate of the State of Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18324095|administrative territorial entity of Palestine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q690084|Q690084]]
| ''[[:d:Q690084|governorate of Tunisia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631079|administrative territorial entity of Tunisia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11924559|Q11924559]]
| ''[[:d:Q11924559|Governorate of Valencia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16571924|governorate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q331130|Q331130]]
| ''[[:d:Q331130|governorate of Yemen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q641078|Q641078]]
| ''[[:d:Q641078|governorates of Oman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15644782|administrative territorial entity of Oman]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5589760|Q5589760]]
| ''[[:d:Q5589760|Governorates of the Gaza Strip]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4147444|Q4147444]]
| ''[[:d:Q4147444|Gradonachalstvo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15068311|Q15068311]]
| ''[[:d:Q15068311|village of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[village]]
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2732840|Q2732840]]
| ''[[:d:Q2732840|gram panchayat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61899190|Q61899190]]
| ''[[:d:Q61899190|Gram panchayat of Odisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732840|gram panchayat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5593592|Q5593592]]
| ''[[:d:Q5593592|Grama Niladhari division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23309217|Q23309217]]
| ''[[:d:Q23309217|Grama Panchayaths of Kerala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732840|gram panchayat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112964238|Q112964238]]
| ''[[:d:Q112964238|gran priory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56315868|hospital priory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2750108|priory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q165116|Q165116]]
| ''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q186320|Q186320]]
| ''[[:d:Q186320|Grand Duchy of Baden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26879769|state in the Confederation of the Rhine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113136497|state of the German Confederation 1815–1848 & 1850–1866]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110292213|Q110292213]]
| ''[[:d:Q110292213|grand principality]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>[[monarchia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183039|form of state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3114931|Q3114931]]
| ''[[:d:Q3114931|Grande Cueillette]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3006747|cueillette]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q241731|Q241731]]
| ''[[:d:Q241731|Grande Lisboa Subregion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455656|region of Portugal]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q185145|Q185145]]
| ''[[:d:Q185145|grande potentia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10930275|Q10930275]]
| ''[[:d:Q10930275|grassroots mass autonomous organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3115110|Q3115110]]
| ''[[:d:Q3115110|great homeland]]''
| [[region]]<br/>[[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5177127|Q5177127]]
| ''[[:d:Q5177127|Great Parish of the Independent State of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12644200|administrative division of the Independent State of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10296503|župa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4237448|Q4237448]]
| ''[[:d:Q4237448|greater administrative area of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q448801|Q448801]]
| ''[[:d:Q448801|Greater district town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134626|district capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116621859|Q116621859]]
| ''[[:d:Q116621859|Greater district town in Baden-Württemberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q448801|Greater district town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122067422|Q122067422]]
| ''[[:d:Q122067422|Greater London Council electoral division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1547548|Q1547548]]
| ''[[:d:Q1547548|greater region of Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q926959|Q926959]]
| ''[[:d:Q926959|Greater Syria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3115110|great homeland]]''<br/>[[Irredemptismo]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108494671|Q108494671]]
| ''[[:d:Q108494671|Greek catholic parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q163740|nonprofit organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69391739|Q69391739]]
| ''[[:d:Q69391739|Greek colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q39463|trading post]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q148837|polis]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105389481|Q105389481]]
| ''[[:d:Q105389481|Greek-Catholic diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20725872|Eastern Catholic eparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10007123|Q10007123]]
| ''[[:d:Q10007123|Griqua state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19974058|Q19974058]]
| ''[[:d:Q19974058|groeistad]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2127062|Q2127062]]
| ''[[:d:Q2127062|groepsschuilplaats Type 1918]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3017540|Q3017540]]
| ''[[:d:Q3017540|Groepsschuilplaats Type P]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q479053|Q479053]]
| ''[[:d:Q479053|gromada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124035054|Q124035054]]
| ''[[:d:Q124035054|gros ouvrage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3358760|Maginot Line fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137222302|Q137222302]]
| ''[[:d:Q137222302|ground forces university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130388971|type of university]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q889748|Q889748]]
| ''[[:d:Q889748|ground station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30559599|Q30559599]]
| ''[[:d:Q30559599|group of houses]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104145266|Q104145266]]
| ''[[:d:Q104145266|group of parishes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1104922|Q1104922]]
| ''[[:d:Q1104922|Group representation constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5163953|constituency of the Parliament of Singapore]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136511396|Q136511396]]
| ''[[:d:Q136511396|grouping of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1232414|Q1232414]]
| ''[[:d:Q1232414|Großgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112110101|Q112110101]]
| ''[[:d:Q112110101|Großwahlkreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12340483|constituency in Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q873814|Q873814]]
| ''[[:d:Q873814|Gruppe von Bundesländern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q406957|NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18630858|Q18630858]]
| ''[[:d:Q18630858|GSFG Special Weapons Depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038534|Q112038534]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038534|Guaratiba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4443106|Q4443106]]
| ''[[:d:Q4443106|guard line]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5613989|Q5613989]]
| ''[[:d:Q5613989|guard tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2914427|Q2914427]]
| ''[[:d:Q2914427|guardhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9371287|Q9371287]]
| ''[[:d:Q9371287|guardhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5645932|Q5645932]]
| ''[[:d:Q5645932|Guardia Civil barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q861951|police station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11755880|residential building]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27648928|Q27648928]]
| ''[[:d:Q27648928|guayrato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136935588|Q136935588]]
| ''[[:d:Q136935588|Guinean neighborhood]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91928|Q91928]]
| ''[[:d:Q91928|gulyay-gorod]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20113851|Q20113851]]
| ''[[:d:Q20113851|gun]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11695585|Q11695585]]
| ''[[:d:Q11695585|gun position]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7978115|weapons platform]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81195200|Q81195200]]
| ''[[:d:Q81195200|gun shelter]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53844521|Q53844521]]
| ''[[:d:Q53844521|gun turrets of armoured fighting vehicles in fortifications]]''
| ''[[:d:Q89521|casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17504814|Q17504814]]
| ''[[:d:Q17504814|gunpowder magazine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q181623|warehouse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1044204|Q1044204]]
| ''[[:d:Q1044204|gusuku]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q451019|Q451019]]
| ''[[:d:Q451019|gutsbezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18544917|Q18544917]]
| ''[[:d:Q18544917|guyok of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120134568|Q120134568]]
| ''[[:d:Q120134568|Guía de Viaje de Caracas]]''
| [[capital]]
| ''[[:d:Q223638|guide book]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13405507|Q13405507]]
| ''[[:d:Q13405507|gyro tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2250551|Q2250551]]
| ''[[:d:Q2250551|Généralité]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104607031|Q104607031]]
| ''[[:d:Q104607031|urban area of Gothenburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7856224|Q7856224]]
| ''[[:d:Q7856224|Hadrian's Wall turret]]''
| ''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85988665|Q85988665]]
| ''[[:d:Q85988665|haengjeongdong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q490329|dong of South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128477938|Q128477938]]
| ''[[:d:Q128477938|haengjeongmyeon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q483515|myeon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10925819|Q10925819]]
| ''[[:d:Q10925819|Hakka walled village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1498804|multifamily residential]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q32880|architectural style]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2907117|Q2907117]]
| ''[[:d:Q2907117|Halachic state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q44405|theocracy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108454687|Q108454687]]
| ''[[:d:Q108454687|half million city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1765492|Q1765492]]
| ''[[:d:Q1765492|half tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q692170|Q692170]]
| ''[[:d:Q692170|half-canton]]''
| [[cantones de Switza]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5642226|Q5642226]]
| ''[[:d:Q5642226|Halifax Regional Community Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10501704|Q10501704]]
| ''[[:d:Q10501704|hallintoalue]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5084|Q5084]]
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1497375|architectural ensemble]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4632675|dwelling place]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17366755|Q17366755]]
| ''[[:d:Q17366755|hamlet in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q269528|unincorporated area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6621998|list of hamlets in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137705728|Q137705728]]
| ''[[:d:Q137705728|hamlet in Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109779065|human settlement in Latvia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6622000|Q6622000]]
| ''[[:d:Q6622000|hamlet in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q269528|unincorporated area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1852752|community in Saskatchewan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q5645450|Q5645450]]
| ''[[:d:Q5645450|hamlet of Clackamas County in Oregon]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17343829|unincorporated community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141164615|Q141164615]]
| ''[[:d:Q141164615|hamlet of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141164518|fifth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110010841|Q110010841]]
| ''[[:d:Q110010841|hamlet of New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17343829|unincorporated community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111031767|Q111031767]]
| ''[[:d:Q111031767|hamlet of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108569731|municipality of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121433090|Q121433090]]
| ''[[:d:Q121433090|hamlet with a church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q841985|Q841985]]
| ''[[:d:Q841985|han]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064268|list of han]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26897858|Q26897858]]
| ''[[:d:Q26897858|Harde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115120972|Q115120972]]
| ''[[:d:Q115120972|Harris County Commissioner Precinct]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3301455|electoral precinct]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7194321|Q7194321]]
| ''[[:d:Q7194321|has]]''
| ''[[:d:Q975783|estate in land]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43040899|Q43040899]]
| ''[[:d:Q43040899|haunted castle]]''
| [[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5832296|haunted place]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134707681|Q134707681]]
| ''[[:d:Q134707681|Hauptgebiet]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122439903|Q122439903]]
| ''[[:d:Q122439903|Hauptstraße 63 and 65 (Friedelsheim)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q53060|gate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5375326|enceinte]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498906|Q101498906]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498906|Hawaii Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499026|Q101499026]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499026|Hawaii Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4131002|Q4131002]]
| ''[[:d:Q4131002|Hawaiian home land]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124740790|Q124740790]]
| ''[[:d:Q124740790|Head of the Household of His Majesty the King of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52224508|prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2366457|department]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10527472|Q10527472]]
| ''[[:d:Q10527472|headquarters civil defense]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1686959|underground infrastructure system]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52262612|Q52262612]]
| ''[[:d:Q52262612|healthcare region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18334190|Q18334190]]
| ''[[:d:Q18334190|heavy coast defence missile battery 90]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16536851|coastal battery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47464774|surface-to-surface missile unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62933756|military unit branch-type-size class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61815465|Q61815465]]
| ''[[:d:Q61815465|heavy fortification construction cushion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12060255|Czechoslovak heavy fortification]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q669417|Q669417]]
| ''[[:d:Q669417|hedgehog defence]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
| ''[[:d:Q207645|military tactics]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1667082|military policy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11974618|Q11974618]]
| ''[[:d:Q11974618|Heeres Küsten Batterie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16536851|coastal battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1593547|Q1593547]]
| ''[[:d:Q1593547|Heeresflugplatz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60788304|Q60788304]]
| ''[[:d:Q60788304|heerlijkheid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11669894|Q11669894]]
| ''[[:d:Q11669894|Height Control District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11482422|Q11482422]]
| ''[[:d:Q11482422|Heike mokkanryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130641764|Q130641764]]
| ''[[:d:Q130641764|heliographic post]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1321241|outpost]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19850578|semaphore tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21550989|signal tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48780938|Q48780938]]
| ''[[:d:Q48780938|Hellenistic fortifications]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3932025|Q3932025]]
| ''[[:d:Q3932025|Hellenistic kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63134896|Q63134896]]
| ''[[:d:Q63134896|Helsinki district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q63135009|divisió de districte de Hèlsinki]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63135297|Q63135297]]
| ''[[:d:Q63135297|Helsinki major district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q63135009|divisió de districte de Hèlsinki]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2012289|Q2012289]]
| ''[[:d:Q2012289|herdgang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1484611|buurtschap]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2584998|Q2584998]]
| ''[[:d:Q2584998|heritage district in the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q358|heritage site]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12253769|Q12253769]]
| ''[[:d:Q12253769|hermandad de Álava]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1309121|Q1309121]]
| ''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66762677|political term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111737592|Q111737592]]
| ''[[:d:Q111737592|Heroic City]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11983070|Q11983070]]
| ''[[:d:Q11983070|Herredskommune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q755707|municipality of Norway]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111937256|Q111937256]]
| ''[[:d:Q111937256|Herrschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1614467|Q1614467]]
| ''[[:d:Q1614467|Herrschaftsgericht]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51674872|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Bavaria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135437929|Q135437929]]
| ''[[:d:Q135437929|hetmanate]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13164628|Q13164628]]
| ''[[:d:Q13164628|Heung]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30930427|Q30930427]]
| ''[[:d:Q30930427|hidden airfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11527721|Q11527721]]
| ''[[:d:Q11527721|Higashi-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11408956|Hakata Matsubayashi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046763|matsuri]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1623469|Q1623469]]
| ''[[:d:Q1623469|high lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106237397|Q106237397]]
| ''[[:d:Q106237397|high school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63441421|Q63441421]]
| ''[[:d:Q63441421|high-income country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11669892|Q11669892]]
| ''[[:d:Q11669892|High-level Use District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28683636|Q28683636]]
| ''[[:d:Q28683636|High-rise residential Attraction District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137381734|Q137381734]]
| ''[[:d:Q137381734|High-Tech Industrial Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q329683|industrial zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q138634790|Hi-Tech Park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1643757|Q1643757]]
| ''[[:d:Q1643757|higher municipal association of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29946056|Q29946056]]
| ''[[:d:Q29946056|highly urbanized city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5759945|Q5759945]]
| ''[[:d:Q5759945|highway district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15710038|Q15710038]]
| ''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12385806|Q12385806]]
| ''[[:d:Q12385806|Hill forts in the province of Ourense]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q744099|Q744099]]
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22674925|former settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1575478|Q1575478]]
| ''[[:d:Q1575478|hillside castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31028695|Q31028695]]
| ''[[:d:Q31028695|hillslope fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q595968|Q595968]]
| ''[[:d:Q595968|hilltop castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''<br/>[[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111461244|Q111461244]]
| ''[[:d:Q111461244|hinterlandmauer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11482300|Q11482300]]
| ''[[:d:Q11482300|hirajiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11482498|Q11482498]]
| ''[[:d:Q11482498|hirayamajiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11485286|Q11485286]]
| ''[[:d:Q11485286|Hiroshima metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1888079|Q1888079]]
| ''[[:d:Q1888079|His Majesty's Naval Base, Portsmouth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7374547|Royal Navy Dockyard]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q40364446|Q40364446]]
| ''[[:d:Q40364446|historic city]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3573632|Q3573632]]
| ''[[:d:Q3573632|historic comarca of North Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67770276|Q67770276]]
| ''[[:d:Q67770276|historic county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2991491|Q2991491]]
| ''[[:d:Q2991491|historic county of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q67770276|historic county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2991484|county of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67376938|Q67376938]]
| ''[[:d:Q67376938|historic county of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67770276|historic county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7921929|vernacular geography]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1857731|Q1857731]]
| ''[[:d:Q1857731|historic county of Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67376938|historic county of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q683738|Subdivisions of Wales]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15243209|Q15243209]]
| ''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1620797|Q1620797]]
| ''[[:d:Q1620797|historic district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5773774|Q5773774]]
| ''[[:d:Q5773774|Historic overlay district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107230986|Q107230986]]
| ''[[:d:Q107230986|historic state of Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1435724|list of historic states of Italy]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q40357935|Q40357935]]
| ''[[:d:Q40357935|historic village]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1081138|historic site]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19832712|Q19832712]]
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4204494|Q4204494]]
| ''[[:d:Q4204494|historical barracks in Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80096233|Wikimedia information list]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50068795|Q50068795]]
| ''[[:d:Q50068795|historical Chinese state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3920245|Q3920245]]
| ''[[:d:Q3920245|Historical city of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58211981|Q58211981]]
| ''[[:d:Q58211981|historical district in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q770948|okres]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5774261|Q5774261]]
| ''[[:d:Q5774261|Historical federal electoral districts of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17202187|federal electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134969189|Q134969189]]
| ''[[:d:Q134969189|historical first-order administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134969185|Q134969185]]
| ''[[:d:Q134969185|historical fourth-order administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30559999|Q30559999]]
| ''[[:d:Q30559999|historical military facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1081138|historic site]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2736168|Q2736168]]
| ''[[:d:Q2736168|historical nationality]]''
| [[communitates autonome de Espania]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q33104069|political concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24045780|Q24045780]]
| ''[[:d:Q24045780|Historical parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124338422|Q124338422]]
| ''[[:d:Q124338422|historical prefecture apostolic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q384003|apostolic prefecture]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q853697|Q853697]]
| ''[[:d:Q853697|historical province of Finland]]''
| [[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q209495|Q209495]]
| ''[[:d:Q209495|historical province of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56167919|Q56167919]]
| ''[[:d:Q56167919|historical province of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2269077|Q2269077]]
| ''[[:d:Q2269077|historical province of Slovenia]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55379806|Q55379806]]
| ''[[:d:Q55379806|historical province of Spain]]''
| [[provincias de Espania]]
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1620908|Q1620908]]
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| [[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q96088545|former geographical object]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q52551684|historical geographic location]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101418016|Q101418016]]
| ''[[:d:Q101418016|historical regions of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q934951|Q934951]]
| ''[[:d:Q934951|Historical regions of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q134969188|Q134969188]]
| ''[[:d:Q134969188|historical second-order administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1621034|Q1621034]]
| ''[[:d:Q1621034|historical territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134969187|Q134969187]]
| ''[[:d:Q134969187|historical third-order administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48909258|third-order administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99541706|Q99541706]]
| ''[[:d:Q99541706|historical unrecognized state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4818345|list of historical unrecognized states]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5549733|Q5549733]]
| ''[[:d:Q5549733|hiṣn]]''
| [[fortalessa]]<br/>[[castello]]<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11385643|Q11385643]]
| ''[[:d:Q11385643|ho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29428403|pentad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56408569|Q56408569]]
| ''[[:d:Q56408569|hoarding]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15815716|Q15815716]]
| ''[[:d:Q15815716|high-rise bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q463742|Q463742]]
| ''[[:d:Q463742|Hochstift]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3403564|ecclesiastical principality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1499065|spiritual territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144598|type of Christian institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q117023459|type of institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80765736|historic term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1622386|Q1622386]]
| ''[[:d:Q1622386|Hochtaunus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q261398|Q261398]]
| ''[[:d:Q261398|Hofmark]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12180499|Q12180499]]
| ''[[:d:Q12180499|Holy Makkah Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109551167|amanate of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063600|Q15063600]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063600|home rule city of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q139903024|city of Michigan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110266209|Q110266209]]
| ''[[:d:Q110266209|home rule county of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13414763|county of Pennsylvania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5888666|home rule municipality of Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140044897|Q140044897]]
| ''[[:d:Q140044897|home rule municipality of Colorado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q140044899|municipality of Colorado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5888666|Q5888666]]
| ''[[:d:Q5888666|home rule municipality of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110292595|Q110292595]]
| ''[[:d:Q110292595|home-rule charter city of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110292529|city of Minnesota]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19999028|Q19999028]]
| ''[[:d:Q19999028|Hong Kong Legislative Council constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1627183|Q1627183]]
| ''[[:d:Q1627183|Honnschaft]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11926032|Q11926032]]
| ''[[:d:Q11926032|honor regalis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3518201|feudal land tenure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1525203|Q1525203]]
| ''[[:d:Q1525203|honour]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5378545|English feudal barony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114860277|Q114860277]]
| ''[[:d:Q114860277|Honra]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122414888|Q122414888]]
| ''[[:d:Q122414888|Horincea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683535|administrative divisions of Moldavia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763545|ținut]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4084690|Q4084690]]
| ''[[:d:Q4084690|horse trainers' school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56315868|Q56315868]]
| ''[[:d:Q56315868|hospital priory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2750108|priory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12798329|Q12798329]]
| ''[[:d:Q12798329|hospitals of the Yugoslav Partisans]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15260353|Q15260353]]
| ''[[:d:Q15260353|host city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17350442|venue]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5923328|Q5923328]]
| ''[[:d:Q5923328|hrad]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116815438|Q116815438]]
| ''[[:d:Q116815438|hradiště v Česku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q956663|Q956663]]
| ''[[:d:Q956663|Hreppur]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104841013|Q104841013]]
| ''[[:d:Q104841013|hromada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16647724|Q16647724]]
| ''[[:d:Q16647724|Huamani]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5939489|Q5939489]]
| ''[[:d:Q5939489|humanitarian corridor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41691|demilitarized zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q313354|Q313354]]
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678366|Q26678366]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678366|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678368|Q26678368]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678368|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678369|Q26678369]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678369|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678370|Q26678370]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678370|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678376|Q26678376]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678376|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678378|Q26678378]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678378|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678381|Q26678381]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678381|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26898016|Q26898016]]
| ''[[:d:Q26898016|hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26678373|Q26678373]]
| ''[[:d:Q26678373|hundred in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22668995|Q22668995]]
| ''[[:d:Q22668995|hundred of Delaware]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26678370|hundred]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6623816|list of hundreds of Delaware]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28969904|Q28969904]]
| ''[[:d:Q28969904|hundred of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485012|lands administrative division of New South Wales]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28942331|Q28942331]]
| ''[[:d:Q28942331|hundred of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485015|lands administrative division of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q313354|hundred]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1678262|Q1678262]]
| ''[[:d:Q1678262|hunting ground]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17334923|physical location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116447059|territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1366407|Q1366407]]
| ''[[:d:Q1366407|hydraulic empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''<br/>[[governamento]]
| ''[[:d:Q10948283|governmental structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1197155|Q1197155]]
| ''[[:d:Q1197155|hyperpower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q127421212|type of power]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134582640|Q134582640]]
| ''[[:d:Q134582640|Häusergruppe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118448623|Q118448623]]
| ''[[:d:Q118448623|hương]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17272692|Q17272692]]
| ''[[:d:Q17272692|IANA time zone]]''
| [[Fuso horari]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q6644192|list of tz database time zones]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135210385|Q135210385]]
| ''[[:d:Q135210385|IANA time zone redirect]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17272692|IANA time zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100268926|Q100268926]]
| ''[[:d:Q100268926|iberian settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350895|abandoned village]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11352443|Q11352443]]
| ''[[:d:Q11352443|ichien shōen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11352509|Q11352509]]
| ''[[:d:Q11352509|ichiyajo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498911|Q101498911]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498911|Idaho Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499032|Q101499032]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499032|Idaho Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1656724|Q1656724]]
| ''[[:d:Q1656724|ideal city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1074523|planned community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131156|utopia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q33104279|concepto philosophic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114962112|Q114962112]]
| ''[[:d:Q114962112|identity federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q30324795|service authentication]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28719761|Q28719761]]
| ''[[:d:Q28719761|Ideological Department]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5260552|Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97503720|Q97503720]]
| ''[[:d:Q97503720|IDF brigade training base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3148120|Q3148120]]
| ''[[:d:Q3148120|igamie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115458966|Q115458966]]
| ''[[:d:Q115458966|Ighrem]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q89691|ksar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q89468|kasbah]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2073573|Q2073573]]
| ''[[:d:Q2073573|IJsselsteden]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q25964111|group of settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48336|Q48336]]
| ''[[:d:Q48336|province of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5767641|Q5767641]]
| ''[[:d:Q5767641|Ilha de Vera Cruz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1190554|evento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038528|Q112038528]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038528|Ilha do Governador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10301251|Q10301251]]
| ''[[:d:Q10301251|Ilhas Adjacentes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132133526|Q132133526]]
| ''[[:d:Q132133526|illegal municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498912|Q101498912]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498912|Illinois Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499034|Q101499034]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499034|Illinois Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1147395|Q1147395]]
| ''[[:d:Q1147395|district of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30766075|list of districts in Turkey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3148864|Q3148864]]
| ''[[:d:Q3148864|imada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631079|administrative territorial entity of Tunisia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q708751|Q708751]]
| ''[[:d:Q708751|imperial abbey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q160742|abbey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1778235|abbacy nullius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3403564|ecclesiastical principality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24305436|abbey-principality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1277269|Q1277269]]
| ''[[:d:Q1277269|imperial castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q460338|Q460338]]
| ''[[:d:Q460338|imperial circle of the Holy Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20477540|administrative territorial entity of the Holy Roman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5121385|circle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116215373|Q116215373]]
| ''[[:d:Q116215373|imperial city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3744304|Q3744304]]
| ''[[:d:Q3744304|imperial fiefdoms]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1721703|Q1721703]]
| ''[[:d:Q1721703|imperial province]]''
| [[provincia del Imperio Roman]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q528219|Q528219]]
| ''[[:d:Q528219|Imperial Village]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48349|Q48349]]
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| [[monarchia]]
| ''[[:d:Q1151047|list of empires]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q850649|Q850649]]
| ''[[:d:Q850649|Important Preservation District for a Group of Traditional Buildings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16141600|Preservation District for a Group of Traditional Buildings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30634609|heritage designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15234658|Q15234658]]
| ''[[:d:Q15234658|Improvement Districts of Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110265745|Q110265745]]
| ''[[:d:Q110265745|incorporated district of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9283961|Q9283961]]
| ''[[:d:Q9283961|incorporated town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110071230|Q110071230]]
| ''[[:d:Q110071230|incorporated town of Illinois]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110071154|municipality of Illinois]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15092400|Q15092400]]
| ''[[:d:Q15092400|independent city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114401982|Q114401982]]
| ''[[:d:Q114401982|independent city in Berlin]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1266818|Q1266818]]
| ''[[:d:Q1266818|independent city in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15092400|independent city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1093829|citate del Statos Unite de America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141162078|Q141162078]]
| ''[[:d:Q141162078|independent city in Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1266818|independent city in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61708053|Q61708053]]
| ''[[:d:Q61708053|independent city of Saxony-Anhalt]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2267870|Q2267870]]
| ''[[:d:Q2267870|independent community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21451942|administrative territorial entity of Lower Saxony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106079704|Q106079704]]
| ''[[:d:Q106079704|independent component city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104157|city of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6726158|Q6726158]]
| ''[[:d:Q6726158|independent country]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>[[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10771871|Q10771871]]
| ''[[:d:Q10771871|independent school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113386230|Q113386230]]
| ''[[:d:Q113386230|independent subprovince]]''
| ''[[:d:Q330425|sanjak]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6021965|Q6021965]]
| ''[[:d:Q6021965|Indian country]]''
| [[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q2135465|legal term or legal concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1125269|Q1125269]]
| ''[[:d:Q1125269|Indian National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6106059|Q6106059]]
| ''[[:d:Q6106059|Indian republics]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20203616|Q20203616]]
| ''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q57237926|reservation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q155239|Q155239]]
| ''[[:d:Q155239|Indian reservation of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5398059|Q5398059]]
| ''[[:d:Q5398059|Indian reservation of the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57237926|reservation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81064299|Q81064299]]
| ''[[:d:Q81064299|indian reserve in Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q155239|Indian reservation of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81063407|local administrative entity of quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498915|Q101498915]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498915|Indiana Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499036|Q101499036]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499036|Indiana Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17079658|Q17079658]]
| ''[[:d:Q17079658|Indigenous and community conserved area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47248051|Q47248051]]
| ''[[:d:Q47248051|Indigenous Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130335918|Q130335918]]
| ''[[:d:Q130335918|indigenous commune]]''
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5712544|Q5712544]]
| ''[[:d:Q5712544|Indigenous Originary Campesino Territories of Bolivia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10514237|Q10514237]]
| ''[[:d:Q10514237|Indigenous Protected Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137178959|Q137178959]]
| ''[[:d:Q137178959|indigenous region of Panama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055414|administrative territorial entity of Panama]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3557745|Q3557745]]
| ''[[:d:Q3557745|Indigenous territories of Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6024666|Q6024666]]
| ''[[:d:Q6024666|indigenous territory of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q25380035|ethnic community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28163711|Q28163711]]
| ''[[:d:Q28163711|Indigenous territory of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20203616|Indian reservation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q645659|Q645659]]
| ''[[:d:Q645659|Indo-Bangladesh enclaves]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2387481|Q2387481]]
| ''[[:d:Q2387481|Indonesian monarchy]]''
| [[monarchia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q99541706|historical unrecognized state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q103948645|list of Indonesian monarchies]]''
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1662118|Q1662118]]
| ''[[:d:Q1662118|industrial city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11479488|Q11479488]]
| ''[[:d:Q11479488|Industrial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1662024|industrial district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57179730|Q57179730]]
| ''[[:d:Q57179730|industrial township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q115871265|urban local body in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134607289|Q134607289]]
| ''[[:d:Q134607289|Industriezone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q329683|industrial zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12047842|Q12047842]]
| ''[[:d:Q12047842|infantry casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9261759|Q9261759]]
| ''[[:d:Q9261759|infantry fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134260478|Q134260478]]
| ''[[:d:Q134260478|infrastructure intelligence]]''
| ''[[:d:Q184199|automation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231558|smart city]]''<br/>[[Intelligentia artificial]]<br/>''[[:d:Q134267630|optimization framework]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134267724|computational framework]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134265157|smart infrastructure]]''
| [[technologia]]<br/>[[Intelligentia artificial]]<br/>[[Infrastructura]]<br/>''[[:d:Q134267259|technological concept]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134267724|computational framework]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134267630|optimization framework]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038525|Q112038525]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038525|Inhaúma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2280192|Q2280192]]
| ''[[:d:Q2280192|inkhundla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2715909|administrative territorial entity of Eswatini]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1553864|governance]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4201325|Q4201325]]
| ''[[:d:Q4201325|inpan]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q462778|Q462778]]
| ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q618123|geographical feature]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11891850|Q11891850]]
| ''[[:d:Q11891850|Insulara komunumo (Finnlando)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q856076|municipality of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1301420|Q1301420]]
| ''[[:d:Q1301420|intact church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q565744|Landeskirche]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26934845|Q26934845]]
| ''[[:d:Q26934845|integral overseas territory]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107721276|overseas territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134530002|Q134530002]]
| ''[[:d:Q134530002|Integrated Infrastructure Ecosystem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134265157|smart infrastructure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134260478|infrastructure intelligence]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65080999|Platform ecosystem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q37813|ecosystema]]''<br/>[[Infrastructura]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1120057|cyber-physical system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1307779|Q1307779]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307779|integrated municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6104028|Q6104028]]
| ''[[:d:Q6104028|integrated region of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138649734|Q138649734]]
| ''[[:d:Q138649734|integrated special city of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5650347|Q5650347]]
| ''[[:d:Q5650347|intendancy of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5918768|intendancy of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30329495|Q30329495]]
| ''[[:d:Q30329495|intendancy of the Illyrian Provinces]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30329223|subdivision of the Illyrian Provinces]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5918768|Q5918768]]
| ''[[:d:Q5918768|intendancy of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147958|intendency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22235641|intendency in Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21727639|Q21727639]]
| ''[[:d:Q21727639|intendencia de Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147958|intendency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17147958|Q17147958]]
| ''[[:d:Q17147958|intendency]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22235641|Q22235641]]
| ''[[:d:Q22235641|intendency in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147958|intendency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15977968|Q15977968]]
| ''[[:d:Q15977968|intendency of the First Mexican Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147946|administrative territorial entity of the First Mexican Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147958|intendency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2381977|Q2381977]]
| ''[[:d:Q2381977|inter-settlement territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42577368|Q42577368]]
| ''[[:d:Q42577368|intermediate school district of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88356|Q88356]]
| ''[[:d:Q88356|intermediate work]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27961023|Q27961023]]
| ''[[:d:Q27961023|intermunicipal territorial union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3153117|local government cooperation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1663988|Q1663988]]
| ''[[:d:Q1663988|internal water]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136338767|maritime zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12089954|Q12089954]]
| ''[[:d:Q12089954|internal waters of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25447488|water resources of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1663988|internal water]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21012165|Q21012165]]
| ''[[:d:Q21012165|internationaal gedeelde stad]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4288528|Q4288528]]
| ''[[:d:Q4288528|International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5260552|Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17126688|Q17126688]]
| ''[[:d:Q17126688|International Telecommunication Union region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646667|administrative territorial entity of more than one country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17152565|Q17152565]]
| ''[[:d:Q17152565|international zone]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2115448|Q2115448]]
| ''[[:d:Q2115448|intra-city territory of a federal city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q40256562|Q40256562]]
| ''[[:d:Q40256562|intracity district of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16933860|Q16933860]]
| ''[[:d:Q16933860|intrastate region of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65089304|Q65089304]]
| ''[[:d:Q65089304|Inuit Nunangat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27824520|Q27824520]]
| ''[[:d:Q27824520|Inuit reserved land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88272|Q88272]]
| ''[[:d:Q88272|investment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66740226|military term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47091756|Q47091756]]
| ''[[:d:Q47091756|Inwendiger Zug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498909|Q101498909]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498909|Iowa Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499029|Q101499029]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499029|Iowa Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9009223|Q9009223]]
| ''[[:d:Q9009223|iqlim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21441782|Q21441782]]
| ''[[:d:Q21441782|Iranian underground missile base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21193688|missile base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16861254|underground base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97705173|Q97705173]]
| ''[[:d:Q97705173|Irrigation and Drainage District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q231838|special district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q285451|drainage system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6129871|irrigation system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6073798|Q6073798]]
| ''[[:d:Q6073798|irrigation district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141106343|Q141106343]]
| ''[[:d:Q141106343|Irvine City Council District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200427|Q118200427]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200427|IS-Shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113410775|Q113410775]]
| ''[[:d:Q113410775|Isar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q109607|ruins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28693262|Q28693262]]
| ''[[:d:Q28693262|ishin rippan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q841985|han]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12957595|Q12957595]]
| ''[[:d:Q12957595|Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13090337|Riyasat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136664983|Islamic community]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14916782|Q14916782]]
| ''[[:d:Q14916782|Islamic Religious Community of Macedonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13090337|Riyasat]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1471571|Q1471571]]
| ''[[:d:Q1471571|island castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615810|water castle]]''<br/>[[insula]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17305516|Q17305516]]
| ''[[:d:Q17305516|island group of Kiribati]]''
| ''[[:d:Q924986|administrative territorial entity of Kiribati]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134462885|Q134462885]]
| ''[[:d:Q134462885|island municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q968339|Q968339]]
| ''[[:d:Q968339|ISO 3166-2:MT]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15631694|administrative territorial entity of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17305522|data set of a specific country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12022155|Q12022155]]
| ''[[:d:Q12022155|isolated artillery casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61826332|artillery casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826287|Q61826287]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826287|isolated artillery observation post]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11863090|artillery observatory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1758728|Q1758728]]
| ''[[:d:Q1758728|isolated fortification]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826171|Q61826171]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826171|isolated infantry casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12047842|infantry casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826266|Q61826266]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826266|isolated mortar cupola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12037755|mortar dome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q575187|Q575187]]
| ''[[:d:Q575187|Israeli-occupied territories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1456832|violation of law]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2732241|Q2732241]]
| ''[[:d:Q2732241|Isshokenmei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3518201|feudal land tenure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6674954|Q6674954]]
| ''[[:d:Q6674954|istan]]''
| [[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122459929|Q122459929]]
| ''[[:d:Q122459929|Italian Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4115680|Q4115680]]
| ''[[:d:Q4115680|Italian city-state]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20009925|Q20009925]]
| ''[[:d:Q20009925|Italian constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q926295|Q926295]]
| ''[[:d:Q926295|Italian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q905929|Q905929]]
| ''[[:d:Q905929|Italian mountain community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2153453|Q2153453]]
| ''[[:d:Q2153453|Italian North Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>[[region]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2570590|Q2570590]]
| ''[[:d:Q2570590|Italian occupation of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8731159|occupation zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3456497|Q3456497]]
| ''[[:d:Q3456497|Italian Partisan Republics]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96406672|opposito de]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6955655|Q6955655]]
| ''[[:d:Q6955655|ITL 1 statistical regions of England]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12224851|Q12224851]]
| ''[[:d:Q12224851|Izba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11163175|Q11163175]]
| ''[[:d:Q11163175|İl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28502221|Q28502221]]
| ''[[:d:Q28502221|Jabaloyas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038529|Q112038529]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038529|Jacarepaguá]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q72264395|Q72264395]]
| ''[[:d:Q72264395|Jakusfölde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2590631|municipality of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350895|abandoned village]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6148126|Q6148126]]
| ''[[:d:Q6148126|jamoat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683558|administrative territorial entity of Tajikistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1039325|Q1039325]]
| ''[[:d:Q1039325|Janapada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92026|Q92026]]
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>[[castello]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1768024|list of castles in Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q701010|Q701010]]
| ''[[:d:Q701010|Japanese castle in Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9698213|Q9698213]]
| ''[[:d:Q9698213|Japanese concession]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1376651|foreign concession in China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11465586|Q11465586]]
| ''[[:d:Q11465586|Japanese fortified residence]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6158221|Q6158221]]
| ''[[:d:Q6158221|Japanese Immigrant Village in Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3610510|ethnic enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11506008|Q11506008]]
| ''[[:d:Q11506008|Japanese port settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11558822|Q11558822]]
| ''[[:d:Q11558822|Japanese sea fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20097897|sea fort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13691|artificial island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61978132|Q61978132]]
| ''[[:d:Q61978132|Jefatura of police in Uruguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52224508|prefecture]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109554780|Q109554780]]
| ''[[:d:Q109554780|Jesuit province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55091510|list of provinces of the Society of Jesus]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47009461|Q47009461]]
| ''[[:d:Q47009461|Jesuit residence]]''
| [[casa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1180262|residenz]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71111443|Q71111443]]
| ''[[:d:Q71111443|Jewish political community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2915311|Q2915311]]
| ''[[:d:Q2915311|Jewish state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q86668190|ethnostate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106411346|to characterize]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11658142|Q11658142]]
| ''[[:d:Q11658142|jin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2914427|guardhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12812139|specialized term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11458054|Q11458054]]
| ''[[:d:Q11458054|jisha-honjo-ryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11458058|Q11458058]]
| ''[[:d:Q11458058|jisha-ryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6269493|Q6269493]]
| ''[[:d:Q6269493|joint base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16997861|Q16997861]]
| ''[[:d:Q16997861|joint technological education district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81268491|Q81268491]]
| ''[[:d:Q81268491|joint vocational school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81268680|vocational school district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23002039|public educational institution of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57516860|Q57516860]]
| ''[[:d:Q57516860|jorong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141164518|fifth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1776764|Q1776764]]
| ''[[:d:Q1776764|county of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6453413|Counties of Romania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129383523|Q129383523]]
| ''[[:d:Q129383523|judicative capital]]''
| [[capital]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5670890|Q5670890]]
| ''[[:d:Q5670890|judicial area of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q94524|Q94524]]
| ''[[:d:Q94524|judicial arrondissement of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96082010|arrondissement van België]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1913217|Q1913217]]
| ''[[:d:Q1913217|judicial canton in Belgium]]''
| [[canton]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105742499|Q105742499]]
| ''[[:d:Q105742499|judicial capital]]''
| [[capital]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q253836|Q253836]]
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10475839|Q10475839]]
| ''[[:d:Q10475839|judicial district in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117801691|Q117801691]]
| ''[[:d:Q117801691|judicial district of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6302924|Q6302924]]
| ''[[:d:Q6302924|judicial district of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6302972|Q6302972]]
| ''[[:d:Q6302972|judicial district of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15052846|Q15052846]]
| ''[[:d:Q15052846|judicial district of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032143|Q3032143]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032143|Judicial districts of Andalusia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15052846|judicial district of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2706309|Q2706309]]
| ''[[:d:Q2706309|judicial territories of The Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19855418|Q19855418]]
| ''[[:d:Q19855418|jun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64225571|Q64225571]]
| ''[[:d:Q64225571|JunD]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3811245|Arab Jund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1788820|defence ministry]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q209572|military service]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q459760|Q459760]]
| ''[[:d:Q459760|Junker School]]''
| [[schola]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130389104|type of educational institution in Germany]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30908888|Q30908888]]
| ''[[:d:Q30908888|Junta vecinal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1713951|Q1713951]]
| ''[[:d:Q1713951|Juridiken in Warschau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1714048|jurydyka]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1714048|Q1714048]]
| ''[[:d:Q1714048|jurydyka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63531558|Q63531558]]
| ''[[:d:Q63531558|Jurydyki Potockich herbu Pilawa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1714048|jurydyka]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2246189|Q2246189]]
| ''[[:d:Q2246189|justiciarate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11929519|Q11929519]]
| ''[[:d:Q11929519|Juz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11358679|Q11358679]]
| ''[[:d:Q11358679|Jōkoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11426227|Q11426227]]
| ''[[:d:Q11426227|Jōsaku castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131839266|Q131839266]]
| ''[[:d:Q131839266|kabondo district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3191695|Q3191695]]
| ''[[:d:Q3191695|regency of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123127825|regencies and cities of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11127777|Q11127777]]
| ''[[:d:Q11127777|administrative regency of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19745960|Q19745960]]
| ''[[:d:Q19745960|Kabupaten Administratif]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2003543|Q2003543]]
| ''[[:d:Q2003543|kadılık]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2135465|legal term or legal concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17223297|Q17223297]]
| ''[[:d:Q17223297|Kagoshima metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1796442|Q1796442]]
| ''[[:d:Q1796442|kaiserpfalz]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25506519|Q25506519]]
| ''[[:d:Q25506519|Kalevipoja type fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25506537|ancient castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125310816|Q125310816]]
| ''[[:d:Q125310816|kalurahan of Yogyakarta Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11590373|Q11590373]]
| ''[[:d:Q11590373|Kamisu metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12488911|Q12488911]]
| ''[[:d:Q12488911|kampung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24659756|Q24659756]]
| ''[[:d:Q24659756|kampung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141165451|Q141165451]]
| ''[[:d:Q141165451|kampung of Aceh Tengah Regency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12488913|Q12488913]]
| ''[[:d:Q12488913|kampung of Papua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498917|Q101498917]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498917|Kansas Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499040|Q101499040]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499040|Kansas Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99826817|Q99826817]]
| ''[[:d:Q99826817|Kansas Senate district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11452119|Q11452119]]
| ''[[:d:Q11452119|kanshōfu-shō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4330568|Q4330568]]
| ''[[:d:Q4330568|kanton]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11655959|Q11655959]]
| ''[[:d:Q11655959|Kantō gobunkoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11584650|chigyōkoku]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11396088|bunkoku]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11545912|buke-ryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11655961|Q11655961]]
| ''[[:d:Q11655961|Kantō goryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11545912|buke-ryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11656004|Q11656004]]
| ''[[:d:Q11656004|Kantō shinshi shoryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3192808|Q3192808]]
| ''[[:d:Q3192808|commune of Madagascar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1087635|administrative territorial entity of Madagascar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138800280|Q138800280]]
| ''[[:d:Q138800280|kapanewon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97308361|kapanewon and kemantren]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97308361|Q97308361]]
| ''[[:d:Q97308361|kapanewon and kemantren]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1721466|Q1721466]]
| ''[[:d:Q1721466|Kapitaï and Koba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q329618|German colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117704182|Q117704182]]
| ''[[:d:Q117704182|Kartah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23640644|Levitical city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114759404|Q114759404]]
| ''[[:d:Q114759404|Kartanolääni]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89468|Q89468]]
| ''[[:d:Q89468|kasbah]]''
| [[Citadella]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16147797|Q16147797]]
| ''[[:d:Q16147797|Kaserne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1735281|Q1735281]]
| ''[[:d:Q1735281|kastal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66012389|Q66012389]]
| ''[[:d:Q66012389|kastal foundations]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1735281|kastal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16711966|Q16711966]]
| ''[[:d:Q16711966|kasteel in Podolië]]''
| ''[[:d:Q751876|château]]''<br/>[[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109936963|Q109936963]]
| ''[[:d:Q109936963|Kasztelania chełmińska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2749147|castellany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109925001|Q109925001]]
| ''[[:d:Q109925001|Kasztelania konarskokujawska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2749147|castellany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109925000|Q109925000]]
| ''[[:d:Q109925000|Kasztelania kowalska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2749147|castellany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109918817|Q109918817]]
| ''[[:d:Q109918817|Kasztelania kruszwicka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2749147|castellany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112575033|Q112575033]]
| ''[[:d:Q112575033|Kasztelania wiślicka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2749147|castellany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137598266|Q137598266]]
| ''[[:d:Q137598266|Katastralgemeinde (Italien)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25499166|Q25499166]]
| ''[[:d:Q25499166|kaubalinn]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q935921|Q935921]]
| ''[[:d:Q935921|kaza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18658990|Q18658990]]
| ''[[:d:Q18658990|Ke-tsng-siā-hiunn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18652293|Pó-lí-hiong-ò]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18658211|administrative territorial entity of Taiwan under Qing rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3700011|Q3700011]]
| ''[[:d:Q3700011|kecamatan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91165|Q91165]]
| ''[[:d:Q91165|keep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137887272|Q137887272]]
| ''[[:d:Q137887272|keep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q965568|Q965568]]
| ''[[:d:Q965568|kelurahan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188509|suburb]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138800279|Q138800279]]
| ''[[:d:Q138800279|kemantren]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97308361|kapanewon and kemantren]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6843990|Q6843990]]
| ''[[:d:Q6843990|ken]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498885|Q101498885]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498885|Kentucky Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498995|Q101498995]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498995|Kentucky Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11455594|Q11455594]]
| ''[[:d:Q11455594|keryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5942455|Q5942455]]
| ''[[:d:Q5942455|keverang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25537045|Q25537045]]
| ''[[:d:Q25537045|khaganate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17362920|Wikimedia duplicated page]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q331644|Q331644]]
| ''[[:d:Q331644|khanate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q406684|Q406684]]
| ''[[:d:Q406684|Khanates of the Caucasus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q331644|khanate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131861744|Q131861744]]
| ''[[:d:Q131861744|khanats ouzbeks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q331644|khanate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136669241|Q136669241]]
| ''[[:d:Q136669241|Kheseg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3645512|administrative territorial entity of Mongolia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2223411|Q2223411]]
| ''[[:d:Q2223411|khoroo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3645512|administrative territorial entity of Mongolia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2023000|Q2023000]]
| ''[[:d:Q2023000|khutor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q72030539|farmstead]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q456876|Q456876]]
| ''[[:d:Q456876|Khwaeng]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q651481|Q651481]]
| ''[[:d:Q651481|Khôra]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5982983|jurisdiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6519277|Q6519277]]
| ''[[:d:Q6519277|King Amphoe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3822336|Q3822336]]
| ''[[:d:Q3822336|kingdom of Indies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63021609|Q63021609]]
| ''[[:d:Q63021609|Kingdom of Navarre beyond the Pyrenees]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96655088|Q96655088]]
| ''[[:d:Q96655088|Kipé]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1989839|Q1989839]]
| ''[[:d:Q1989839|kirch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2638480|church congregation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20820021|ecclesiastical municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q897303|Q897303]]
| ''[[:d:Q897303|Kirchenkreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112894584|Q112894584]]
| ''[[:d:Q112894584|Kirchenkreis der Evangelischen Kirche Berlin-Brandenburg-Schlesische Oberlausitz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q897303|Kirchenkreis]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55118936|Q55118936]]
| ''[[:d:Q55118936|Kirchgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q167037|corporation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11396203|Q11396203]]
| ''[[:d:Q11396203|kirigishi]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107679|cliff]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11414332|Q11414332]]
| ''[[:d:Q11414332|Kirikiri koku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11342433|Minidokuritsukoku]]''
| [[micronation]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11455719|Q11455719]]
| ''[[:d:Q11455719|kishinchi-kei-shōen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10545864|Q10545864]]
| ''[[:d:Q10545864|kism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28721411|Q28721411]]
| ''[[:d:Q28721411|kivikukko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67206648|Q67206648]]
| ''[[:d:Q67206648|Kleinere weltliche Territorien im Rheinland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16889133|classe]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67206680|Q67206680]]
| ''[[:d:Q67206680|Kleinere weltliche Territorien in Westfalen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16889133|classe]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13136631|Q13136631]]
| ''[[:d:Q13136631|klokslag]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2715334|Q2715334]]
| ''[[:d:Q2715334|kluft]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13012657|Q13012657]]
| ''[[:d:Q13012657|Klum Changwat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4224624|Q4224624]]
| ''[[:d:Q4224624|kmetstvo of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374501|administrative territorial entity of Bulgaria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5327509|Q5327509]]
| ''[[:d:Q5327509|koaza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66752884|aza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2743716|Q2743716]]
| ''[[:d:Q2743716|Koepelkazemat Type G]]''
| ''[[:d:Q89521|casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11411400|Q11411400]]
| ''[[:d:Q11411400|Koga metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1778834|Q1778834]]
| ''[[:d:Q1778834|koinon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1629088|Q1629088]]
| ''[[:d:Q1629088|kokufu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60540255|Q60540255]]
| ''[[:d:Q60540255|Kommunale Kulturverwaltung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3152824|cultural institution]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18291314|Q18291314]]
| ''[[:d:Q18291314|municipal council in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99691499|Q99691499]]
| ''[[:d:Q99691499|kommune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q755707|municipality of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19340794|type of legal entity in Norway]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22956380|Q22956380]]
| ''[[:d:Q22956380|kommune med Marstalstatus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110655882|municipi de Dinamarca (1842-1970)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124602579|Q124602579]]
| ''[[:d:Q124602579|kommunedel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1780495|Q1780495]]
| ''[[:d:Q1780495|kommunikation]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135422412|Q135422412]]
| ''[[:d:Q135422412|koncessionssameby]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15489797|sameby]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56300493|Q56300493]]
| ''[[:d:Q56300493|konsistoriellt pastorat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50314139|pastorate of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116150887|Q116150887]]
| ''[[:d:Q116150887|Kopaonik park behind the sign national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27628430|Q27628430]]
| ''[[:d:Q27628430|Korean fortress]]''
| [[castello]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q6608952|list of castles in Korea]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66974308|Q66974308]]
| ''[[:d:Q66974308|Korean-style fortress in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6431764|ancient mountain fortress in Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27628430|Korean fortress]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1751950|Q1751950]]
| ''[[:d:Q1751950|Korporationsgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4272761|Q4272761]]
| ''[[:d:Q4272761|administrative city of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10963374|Q10963374]]
| ''[[:d:Q10963374|administrative city in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137890005|Q137890005]]
| ''[[:d:Q137890005|Kota Besar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137890042|Q137890042]]
| ''[[:d:Q137890042|Kota Kecil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6433861|Q6433861]]
| ''[[:d:Q6433861|Kotamadya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11302190|Q11302190]]
| ''[[:d:Q11302190|kotan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19943591|Q19943591]]
| ''[[:d:Q19943591|Kotapraja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19610511|township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12479773|first-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141163034|former administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6838968|Q6838968]]
| ''[[:d:Q6838968|kozhuun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q905577|administrative territorial entity of Tuva]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60849925|municipal district in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2738486|Q2738486]]
| ''[[:d:Q2738486|krai]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683493|Q20683493]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683493|krai of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2738486|krai]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q831740|Q831740]]
| ''[[:d:Q831740|krai of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43263|federal subject of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q691899|kraj]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2738486|krai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q840651|Q840651]]
| ''[[:d:Q840651|Krais of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2738486|krai]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q691899|Q691899]]
| ''[[:d:Q691899|kraj]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12769662|Q12769662]]
| ''[[:d:Q12769662|kraj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q691899|kraj]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120486037|Q120486037]]
| ''[[:d:Q120486037|krak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2316796|Q2316796]]
| ''[[:d:Q2316796|Kreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5121385|circle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4057823|Q4057823]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057823|Kreis]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q7884789|toponym]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19796287|Q19796287]]
| ''[[:d:Q19796287|Kreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19644409|Q19644409]]
| ''[[:d:Q19644409|Kreis (city of Zürich)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297280|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Zürich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41968390|Q41968390]]
| ''[[:d:Q41968390|Kreis (Habsburg monarchy)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93490358|Q93490358]]
| ''[[:d:Q93490358|Kreis der Mark Brandenburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51674951|Q51674951]]
| ''[[:d:Q51674951|Kreis in the kingdom of Bavaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51674872|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Bavaria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88536093|Q88536093]]
| ''[[:d:Q88536093|Kreis of the Kingdom of Württemberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88535694|Administrative territorial entity of the kingdom of Württemberg]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46992944|Q46992944]]
| ''[[:d:Q46992944|Kreisdirektion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28705746|Q28705746]]
| ''[[:d:Q28705746|Kreisgebiet]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1787683|Q1787683]]
| ''[[:d:Q1787683|Kreishauptmannschaft]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21782627|Q21782627]]
| ''[[:d:Q21782627|Kreishauptmannschaft of Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15621887|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Saxony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1787683|Kreishauptmannschaft]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q263274|Q263274]]
| ''[[:d:Q263274|kremlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88598|gord]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>[[fortalessa]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q93138587|list of kremlins]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1703660|Q1703660]]
| ''[[:d:Q1703660|Kriegsakademie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1898428|Q1898428]]
| ''[[:d:Q1898428|Kriegsmarine naval hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q64578911|former hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1713061|Q1713061]]
| ''[[:d:Q1713061|Kriegsschule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935147|military training facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23004361|specialized educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89691|Q89691]]
| ''[[:d:Q89691|ksar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136678713|fortified village]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28659240|Q28659240]]
| ''[[:d:Q28659240|ku of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11392019|Q11392019]]
| ''[[:d:Q11392019|kuge-ryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131744438|Q131744438]]
| ''[[:d:Q131744438|Kulturmetropole]]''
| [[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11568614|Q11568614]]
| ''[[:d:Q11568614|Kumamoto metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q860290|Q860290]]
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1323523|list of provinces of Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124436676|Q124436676]]
| ''[[:d:Q124436676|kuni-no-miyatsuko province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11621880|Q11621880]]
| ''[[:d:Q11621880|kurairichi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118307590|Q118307590]]
| ''[[:d:Q118307590|kuriális község]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138798161|Q138798161]]
| ''[[:d:Q138798161|kute of Aceh Tenggara Regency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2187971|Q2187971]]
| ''[[:d:Q2187971|Kwartieren van Friesland]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10551527|Q10551527]]
| ''[[:d:Q10551527|Kyrkostämma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10571400|Q10571400]]
| ''[[:d:Q10571400|köping]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18511725|urbe de mercato]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28045485|Q28045485]]
| ''[[:d:Q28045485|market town municipality of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1529096|Q1529096]]
| ''[[:d:Q1529096|village of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11577829|Q11577829]]
| ''[[:d:Q11577829|Kōfu metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6455119|Q6455119]]
| ''[[:d:Q6455119|kōgoishi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66361052|castle ruin in Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6431764|ancient mountain fortress in Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1797722|Q1797722]]
| ''[[:d:Q1797722|L-plan castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1799127|Q1799127]]
| ''[[:d:Q1799127|La Scarzuola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1656724|ideal city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1497375|architectural ensemble]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18693913|Q18693913]]
| ''[[:d:Q18693913|Laamannikunta Suomessa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10553306|lagsaga]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116273899|Q116273899]]
| ''[[:d:Q116273899|labyrinth City]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[Labyrintho]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122733837|Q122733837]]
| ''[[:d:Q122733837|Ladin municipalities of South Tyrol]]''
| [[Communa de Italia|municipalitate de Italia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10553306|Q10553306]]
| ''[[:d:Q10553306|lagsaga]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3218517|Q3218517]]
| ''[[:d:Q3218517|Laivakunta]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135726258|Q135726258]]
| ''[[:d:Q135726258|Lake fortress]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1647948|Q1647948]]
| ''[[:d:Q1647948|Lake Turkana National Parks]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1248049|Q1248049]]
| ''[[:d:Q1248049|Land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1501049|Gemeinwesen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92049|Q92049]]
| ''[[:d:Q92049|land battery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116007761|Q116007761]]
| ''[[:d:Q116007761|land district of British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28969883|Q28969883]]
| ''[[:d:Q28969883|land district of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485012|lands administrative division of New South Wales]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6483886|Q6483886]]
| ''[[:d:Q6483886|Land District of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28970071|lands administrative division of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28932079|Q28932079]]
| ''[[:d:Q28932079|land district of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485016|lands administrative division of Tasmania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28942294|Q28942294]]
| ''[[:d:Q28942294|land district of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485018|lands administrative division of Western Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28969936|Q28969936]]
| ''[[:d:Q28969936|land division of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485012|lands administrative division of New South Wales]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2621091|Q2621091]]
| ''[[:d:Q2621091|land gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18691318|Q18691318]]
| ''[[:d:Q18691318|land register village]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46992916|Q46992916]]
| ''[[:d:Q46992916|Landdrostei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20973135|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hanover]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1802148|Q1802148]]
| ''[[:d:Q1802148|landesburg]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q565744|Q565744]]
| ''[[:d:Q565744|Landeskirche]]''
| ''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2638480|church congregation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q163740|nonprofit organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1802307|Q1802307]]
| ''[[:d:Q1802307|Landeskommissärbezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109289310|Q109289310]]
| ''[[:d:Q109289310|Landesliste Baden-Württemberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1802367|list of candidates of a German state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109289279|Q109289279]]
| ''[[:d:Q109289279|Landesliste Saarland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1802367|list of candidates of a German state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1802758|Q1802758]]
| ''[[:d:Q1802758|Landeswohlfahrtsverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1643757|higher municipal association of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q760180|Q760180]]
| ''[[:d:Q760180|Landgericht]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51674872|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Bavaria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120653374|Q120653374]]
| ''[[:d:Q120653374|Landgericht älterer Ordnung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q760180|Landgericht]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20856058|Q20856058]]
| ''[[:d:Q20856058|landgraviate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q693551|Q693551]]
| ''[[:d:Q693551|Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20856058|landgraviate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20856058|landgraviate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26879769|state in the Confederation of the Rhine]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q463845|Q463845]]
| ''[[:d:Q463845|Landgraviate of Hesse-Rotenburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20856058|landgraviate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1803002|Q1803002]]
| ''[[:d:Q1803002|Landherrenschaft]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85493040|Q85493040]]
| ''[[:d:Q85493040|district of Rhineland-Palatinate]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61818979|Q61818979]]
| ''[[:d:Q61818979|rural district of Saarland]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11394720|Q11394720]]
| ''[[:d:Q11394720|landlocked prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1803612|Q1803612]]
| ''[[:d:Q1803612|Landmacht]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1803699|Q1803699]]
| ''[[:d:Q1803699|Landratsbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42690972|government region of the Grand Duchy of Hesse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4215166|Q4215166]]
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6485012|Q6485012]]
| ''[[:d:Q6485012|lands administrative division of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q28970071|Q28970071]]
| ''[[:d:Q28970071|lands administrative division of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6485014|Q6485014]]
| ''[[:d:Q6485014|lands administrative division of Queensland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6485015|Q6485015]]
| ''[[:d:Q6485015|lands administrative division of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6485016|Q6485016]]
| ''[[:d:Q6485016|lands administrative division of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28930150|Q28930150]]
| ''[[:d:Q28930150|lands administrative division of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6485018|Q6485018]]
| ''[[:d:Q6485018|lands administrative division of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39008034|Q39008034]]
| ''[[:d:Q39008034|lands common between parishes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1839674|Q1839674]]
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q742615|Q742615]]
| ''[[:d:Q742615|lands of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85775800|Q85775800]]
| ''[[:d:Q85775800|Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1348–1526)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5473816|Crown land]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q686971|Lands of the Bohemian Crown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q696970|Q696970]]
| ''[[:d:Q696970|Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1200511|Q1200511]]
| ''[[:d:Q1200511|Landscape]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1494307|Q1494307]]
| ''[[:d:Q1494307|Landscape]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17990737|Q17990737]]
| ''[[:d:Q17990737|Landscape Districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6576413|Q6576413]]
| ''[[:d:Q6576413|landscape park in Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3564598|protected area of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43216704|list of landscape parks of Poland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21503788|Q21503788]]
| ''[[:d:Q21503788|Landschaftsschutzgebiet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q759882|protected landscape area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q897285|Q897285]]
| ''[[:d:Q897285|Landschaftsverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1643757|higher municipal association of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1803836|Q1803836]]
| ''[[:d:Q1803836|Landschaftsverbände in North Rhine-Westphalia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1643757|higher municipal association of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1803855|Q1803855]]
| ''[[:d:Q1803855|province group in the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q406957|NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2395002|Q2395002]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395002|landsheerlijkheid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5413802|Q5413802]]
| ''[[:d:Q5413802|Landsting (historic)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387834|thing]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18226756|Q18226756]]
| ''[[:d:Q18226756|Landtag electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131352087|Q131352087]]
| ''[[:d:Q131352087|Landvogtei im Königreich Württemberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88535694|Administrative territorial entity of the kingdom of Württemberg]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q749151|Q749151]]
| ''[[:d:Q749151|landwehr]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17373496|Q17373496]]
| ''[[:d:Q17373496|language area of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q838185|communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1149061|language area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4314343|Q4314343]]
| ''[[:d:Q4314343|language border municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q493522|municipality of Belgium]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49095093|Q49095093]]
| ''[[:d:Q49095093|lappby]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15489797|sameby]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10554234|Q10554234]]
| ''[[:d:Q10554234|lappförsamling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10533490|non-territorial parishes]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q914194|Q914194]]
| ''[[:d:Q914194|lappmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10554290|Q10554290]]
| ''[[:d:Q10554290|lappstad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1743100|church town of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6489113|Q6489113]]
| ''[[:d:Q6489113|large burgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42915594|Scottish burgh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8501237|Q8501237]]
| ''[[:d:Q8501237|large city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129676344|Q129676344]]
| ''[[:d:Q129676344|large city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1548518|Q1548518]]
| ''[[:d:Q1548518|large district town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1548525|Q1548525]]
| ''[[:d:Q1548525|large independent city of Lower Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16362394|Q16362394]]
| ''[[:d:Q16362394|large village in Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22580836|village in Latvia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26714626|large village]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1214953|Q1214953]]
| ''[[:d:Q1214953|large village of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2590631|municipality of Hungary]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51929311|Q51929311]]
| ''[[:d:Q51929311|largest city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q260953|Q260953]]
| ''[[:d:Q260953|Lascaris towers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18193550|Q18193550]]
| ''[[:d:Q18193550|lateran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q677678|fortified town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2362387|Suburbium]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1417873|Q1417873]]
| ''[[:d:Q1417873|lathe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116988218|Q116988218]]
| ''[[:d:Q116988218|Latin colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756780|Roman colony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12593969|Q12593969]]
| ''[[:d:Q12593969|Latin patriarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124434491|Catholic patriarchate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105390172|Roman Catholic metropolitan archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11618279|Q11618279]]
| ''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''
| ''[[:d:Q163359|local administrative unit in the NUTS system]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15630827|Q15630827]]
| ''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11618417|Q11618417]]
| ''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q163359|local administrative unit in the NUTS system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16003513|NUTS (european administrative division classification) class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23686339|Q23686339]]
| ''[[:d:Q23686339|lawless zone]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q288653|Q288653]]
| ''[[:d:Q288653|league]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9316670|prefecture-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3187075|aimag]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q426759|Q426759]]
| ''[[:d:Q426759|League of Nations mandate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q164142|protectorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q845436|mandate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30595344|Q30595344]]
| ''[[:d:Q30595344|least of the great powers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185145|grande potentia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2885819|Q2885819]]
| ''[[:d:Q2885819|ledanía]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2915132|Q2915132]]
| ''[[:d:Q2915132|leenheerlijkheid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105742469|Q105742469]]
| ''[[:d:Q105742469|legislative capital]]''
| [[capital]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56396127|Q56396127]]
| ''[[:d:Q56396127|Legislative Council district of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q20342729|Template:Former electoral districts of New South Wales Legislative Council]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52048109|Q52048109]]
| ''[[:d:Q52048109|Legislative Council district of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6518313|Q6518313]]
| ''[[:d:Q6518313|Legislative district of Las Piñas-Parañaque]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3397335|legislative district of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3397335|Q3397335]]
| ''[[:d:Q3397335|legislative district of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19409201|Q19409201]]
| ''[[:d:Q19409201|Legislative Yuan constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q99433968|Legislative Yuan constituencies]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12494403|Q12494403]]
| ''[[:d:Q12494403|lembang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12324285|Q12324285]]
| ''[[:d:Q12324285|Lensbaroni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q223573|barony]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2390720|Q2390720]]
| ''[[:d:Q2390720|letzi]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31028835|Q31028835]]
| ''[[:d:Q31028835|level terrain fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23640644|Q23640644]]
| ''[[:d:Q23640644|Levitical city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12404340|biblical place]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q117662075|biblical city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131338872|Q131338872]]
| ''[[:d:Q131338872|LGBT sanctuary city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3559093|sanctuary city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11192275|Q11192275]]
| ''[[:d:Q11192275|Liberated territories of Yugoslavia in World War II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21190155|Q21190155]]
| ''[[:d:Q21190155|libere consortium municipal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104159916|Freier Gemeindeverband]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2883346|Q2883346]]
| ''[[:d:Q2883346|liberty]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16860836|Q16860836]]
| ''[[:d:Q16860836|library district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26271642|library network]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3269025|Q3269025]]
| ''[[:d:Q3269025|Liceo militar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12808582|military high school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3238183|Q3238183]]
| ''[[:d:Q3238183|Lielpilseta]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3573670|Q3573670]]
| ''[[:d:Q3573670|Lies et passeries]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138300028|Q138300028]]
| ''[[:d:Q138300028|Lietuvos laisvės armijos apygarda]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q202435|Q202435]]
| ''[[:d:Q202435|lieutenancy area of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6544379|lieutenancy area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1824970|Q1824970]]
| ''[[:d:Q1824970|lilia]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136029706|Q136029706]]
| ''[[:d:Q136029706|limited world federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q132125769|world federation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2060813|Q2060813]]
| ''[[:d:Q2060813|limitrophe state]]''
| [[stato]]
| [[Frontiera]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3662981|Q3662981]]
| ''[[:d:Q3662981|linear castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q428986|Q428986]]
| ''[[:d:Q428986|linear city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12494954|Q12494954]]
| ''[[:d:Q12494954|lingkungan of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141164518|fifth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124348283|Q124348283]]
| ''[[:d:Q124348283|linnasisene linn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11881845|city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12368866|Q12368866]]
| ''[[:d:Q12368866|Linnavald]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q711813|Q711813]]
| ''[[:d:Q711813|list of administrative divisions of Manchukuo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q97193898|Q97193898]]
| ''[[:d:Q97193898|list of arsenals of the Russian Armed Forces]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2153495|ammunition dump]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1802367|Q1802367]]
| ''[[:d:Q1802367|list of candidates of a German state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355844|electoral list]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q192985|Q192985]]
| ''[[:d:Q192985|list of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q210516|Q210516]]
| ''[[:d:Q210516|list of cities in Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q3252517|Q3252517]]
| ''[[:d:Q3252517|list of communities in Newfoundland and Labrador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q6614407|Q6614407]]
| ''[[:d:Q6614407|List of county subdivisions in Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17205774|township of Michigan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032116|Q3032116]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032116|list of districts of the canton of Aargau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q106223212|Q106223212]]
| ''[[:d:Q106223212|list of expeditions of Muhammad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3811245|Arab Jund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q37726|army]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2218838|Q2218838]]
| ''[[:d:Q2218838|list of municipalities in Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1709979|Q1709979]]
| ''[[:d:Q1709979|list of municipalities in São Paulo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q6630197|Q6630197]]
| ''[[:d:Q6630197|List of national parks of Dominica]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10374500|administrative territorial entity of Dominica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q244836|Q244836]]
| ''[[:d:Q244836|list of poblacions (populated places) of Andorra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623251|administrative territorial entity of Andorra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1410029|Q1410029]]
| ''[[:d:Q1410029|list of the municipi of Genoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q6643749|Q6643749]]
| ''[[:d:Q6643749|list of towns in Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2218838|list of municipalities in Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q95468397|Q95468397]]
| ''[[:d:Q95468397|List of urban areas in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3444249|Q3444249]]
| ''[[:d:Q3444249|List of wards of Zimbabwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976660|administrative territorial entity of Zimbabwe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6646468|Q6646468]]
| ''[[:d:Q6646468|listening station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137649321|Q137649321]]
| ''[[:d:Q137649321|littoral province of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q509686|province of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122881998|Q122881998]]
| ''[[:d:Q122881998|Living Well Seniors Communities]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1269448|retirement community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14942894|Q14942894]]
| ''[[:d:Q14942894|LLG of Papua New Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3098609|administrative territorial entity of Papua New Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25421146|Q25421146]]
| ''[[:d:Q25421146|llogaret]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66941850|Q66941850]]
| ''[[:d:Q66941850|local admin]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16085106|Q16085106]]
| ''[[:d:Q16085106|local administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2706302|municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81063407|Q81063407]]
| ''[[:d:Q81063407|local administrative entity of quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15663836|Q15663836]]
| ''[[:d:Q15663836|local administrative unit in Thailand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q163359|Q163359]]
| ''[[:d:Q163359|local administrative unit in the NUTS system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140316141|Q140316141]]
| ''[[:d:Q140316141|Local anti-aircraft defence watch towers in Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q837766|Q837766]]
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q167037|corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65153109|Q65153109]]
| ''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48907157|section of populated place]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134521441|Q134521441]]
| ''[[:d:Q134521441|local board in Osijek]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134088144|Q134088144]]
| ''[[:d:Q134088144|local board in Vukovar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133822549|Q133822549]]
| ''[[:d:Q133822549|local board in Zagreb]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135106212|Q135106212]]
| ''[[:d:Q135106212|Local board in Županja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6664281|Q6664281]]
| ''[[:d:Q6664281|local board of health]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15207523|Q15207523]]
| ''[[:d:Q15207523|Local committee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550119|administrative territorial entity of Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q490933|Q490933]]
| ''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q177634|community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137018865|type of place]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61354668|Q61354668]]
| ''[[:d:Q61354668|local community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115801471|Q115801471]]
| ''[[:d:Q115801471|Local community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2706302|municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20522070|Q20522070]]
| ''[[:d:Q20522070|Local community (Slovenia)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q328584|municipality of Slovenia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3356100|administrative territorial entity of Slovenia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1288520|Q1288520]]
| ''[[:d:Q1288520|local council in Israel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2762194|local government in Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q719592|Q719592]]
| ''[[:d:Q719592|local council of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15631694|administrative territorial entity of Malta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120410026|Q120410026]]
| ''[[:d:Q120410026|Local Educational Management Unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6663997|local education agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932871|Q54932871]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932975|Q54932975]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932975|Local Electoral Area for Carlow County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932972|Q54932972]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932972|Local Electoral Area for Cavan County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932990|Q54932990]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932990|Local Electoral Area for Clare County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932991|Q54932991]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932991|Local Electoral Area for Cork City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932992|Q54932992]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932992|Local Electoral Area for Cork County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932973|Q54932973]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932973|Local Electoral Area for Donegal County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932976|Q54932976]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932976|Local Electoral Area for Dublin City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932977|Q54932977]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932977|Local Electoral Area for Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932978|Q54932978]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932978|Local Electoral Area for Fingal County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932997|Q54932997]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932997|Local Electoral Area for Galway City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932966|Q54932966]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932966|Local Electoral Area for Galway County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932994|Q54932994]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932994|Local Electoral Area for Kerry County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932980|Q54932980]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932980|Local Electoral Area for Kildare County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932981|Q54932981]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932981|Local Electoral Area for Kilkenny County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932982|Q54932982]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932982|Local Electoral Area for Laois County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932967|Q54932967]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932967|Local Electoral Area for Leitrim County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932995|Q54932995]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932995|Local Electoral Area for Limerick City and County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932983|Q54932983]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932983|Local Electoral Area for Longford County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932984|Q54932984]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932984|Local Electoral Area for Louth County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932968|Q54932968]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932968|Local Electoral Area for Mayo County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932985|Q54932985]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932985|Local Electoral Area for Meath County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932974|Q54932974]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932974|Local Electoral Area for Monaghan County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932986|Q54932986]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932986|Local Electoral Area for Offaly County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932970|Q54932970]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932970|Local Electoral Area for Roscommon County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932971|Q54932971]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932971|Local Electoral Area for Sligo County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932979|Q54932979]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932979|Local Electoral Area for South Dublin County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932965|Q54932965]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932965|Local Electoral Area for Tipperary County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932996|Q54932996]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932996|Local Electoral Area for Waterford City and County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932987|Q54932987]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932987|Local Electoral Area for Westmeath County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932988|Q54932988]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932988|Local Electoral Area for Wexford County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54932989|Q54932989]]
| ''[[:d:Q54932989|Local Electoral Area for Wicklow County Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54932871|Local Electoral Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52990761|Q52990761]]
| ''[[:d:Q52990761|local electoral district of Aguascalientes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52991592|Q52991592]]
| ''[[:d:Q52991592|local electoral district of Baja California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52991672|Q52991672]]
| ''[[:d:Q52991672|local electoral district of Baja California Sur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52991416|Q52991416]]
| ''[[:d:Q52991416|local electoral district of Campeche]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52999849|Q52999849]]
| ''[[:d:Q52999849|local electoral district of Chiapas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52999874|Q52999874]]
| ''[[:d:Q52999874|local electoral district of Chihuahua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52999804|Q52999804]]
| ''[[:d:Q52999804|local electoral district of Coahuila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52999829|Q52999829]]
| ''[[:d:Q52999829|local electoral district of Colima]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52999896|Q52999896]]
| ''[[:d:Q52999896|local electoral district of Durango]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001248|Q53001248]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001248|local electoral district of Guanajuato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52994307|Q52994307]]
| ''[[:d:Q52994307|local electoral district of Guerrero]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001260|Q53001260]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001260|local electoral district of Hidalgo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001270|Q53001270]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001270|local electoral district of Jalisco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52991916|Q52991916]]
| ''[[:d:Q52991916|local electoral district of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53014857|Q53014857]]
| ''[[:d:Q53014857|local electoral district of Mexico City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001290|Q53001290]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001290|local electoral district of Michoacan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001433|Q53001433]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001433|local electoral district of Morelos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001453|Q53001453]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001453|local electoral district of Nayarit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52994310|Q52994310]]
| ''[[:d:Q52994310|local electoral district of Nuevo Leon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001477|Q53001477]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001477|local electoral district of Oaxaca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001495|Q53001495]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001495|local electoral district of Puebla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001526|Q53001526]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001526|local electoral district of Queretaro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001561|Q53001561]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001561|local electoral district of Quintana Roo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001595|Q53001595]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001595|local electoral district of San Luis Potosi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001617|Q53001617]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001617|local electoral district of Sinaloa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52988024|Q52988024]]
| ''[[:d:Q52988024|local electoral district of Sonora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001639|Q53001639]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001639|local electoral district of Tabasco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001662|Q53001662]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001662|local electoral district of Tamaulipas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001678|Q53001678]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001678|local electoral district of Tlaxcala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52994238|Q52994238]]
| ''[[:d:Q52994238|local electoral district of Veracruz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001699|Q53001699]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001699|local electoral district of Yucatan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53001726|Q53001726]]
| ''[[:d:Q53001726|local electoral district of Zacatecas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2054441|Q2054441]]
| ''[[:d:Q2054441|local government area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631093|administrative territorial entity of the Gambia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3299260|Q3299260]]
| ''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1867183|Q1867183]]
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55558200|Q55558200]]
| ''[[:d:Q55558200|local government area of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q648607|list of local government areas of New South Wales]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1639634|Q1639634]]
| ''[[:d:Q1639634|local government area of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55593624|Q55593624]]
| ''[[:d:Q55593624|local government area of Queensland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1772834|Local government areas of Queensland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104630441|Q104630441]]
| ''[[:d:Q104630441|local government area of Scotland 1930 to 1975]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q383493|Q383493]]
| ''[[:d:Q383493|local government area of Scotland 1975 to 1996]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55558027|Q55558027]]
| ''[[:d:Q55558027|local government area of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q252861|list of local government areas of South Australia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55687066|Q55687066]]
| ''[[:d:Q55687066|local government area of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1317103|list of local government areas of Tasmania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55671590|Q55671590]]
| ''[[:d:Q55671590|local government area of the Northern Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1459673|Local government areas of the Northern Territory]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1426035|Q1426035]]
| ''[[:d:Q1426035|local government area of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3279184|list of local government areas of Victoria]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55557858|Q55557858]]
| ''[[:d:Q55557858|local government area of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1867183|local government area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1219552|list of local government areas of Western Australia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85637361|Q85637361]]
| ''[[:d:Q85637361|local government county in Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3074936|local government in the Republic of Ireland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28916128|Q28916128]]
| ''[[:d:Q28916128|local government district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1418640|Q1418640]]
| ''[[:d:Q1418640|local government in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12504393|Q12504393]]
| ''[[:d:Q12504393|local government in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2762194|Q2762194]]
| ''[[:d:Q2762194|local government in Israel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1550119|administrative territorial entity of Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107969730|Q107969730]]
| ''[[:d:Q107969730|local government in Minnesota]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6664398|Q6664398]]
| ''[[:d:Q6664398|local government in New Hampshire]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6664400|Q6664400]]
| ''[[:d:Q6664400|local government in New Jersey]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6664406|Q6664406]]
| ''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6052753|Q6052753]]
| ''[[:d:Q6052753|local government in The Bahamas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3074936|Q3074936]]
| ''[[:d:Q3074936|local government in the Republic of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64819963|Q64819963]]
| ''[[:d:Q64819963|local government of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116867856|Q116867856]]
| ''[[:d:Q116867856|local identity nucleus of Milan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42961155|quarter of Milan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3477348|urban area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6925531|Q6925531]]
| ''[[:d:Q6925531|Local industrial councils in Israel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2762194|local government in Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q329683|industrial zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6664441|Q6664441]]
| ''[[:d:Q6664441|Local justice areas]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327873|Q3327873]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81063407|local administrative entity of quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1500352|Q1500352]]
| ''[[:d:Q1500352|local municipality of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2666845|municipality of South Africa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116753089|Q116753089]]
| ''[[:d:Q116753089|local police directorate of Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81271307|Q81271307]]
| ''[[:d:Q81271307|local school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23002039|public educational institution of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48834786|Q48834786]]
| ''[[:d:Q48834786|Local service district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3032041|Q3032041]]
| ''[[:d:Q3032041|local service district of New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3111821|community of New Brunswick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48834786|Local service district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16466688|Q16466688]]
| ''[[:d:Q16466688|local service district of Newfoundland and Labrador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48834786|Local service district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6664529|Q6664529]]
| ''[[:d:Q6664529|local services board]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23953065|Q23953065]]
| ''[[:d:Q23953065|local urban district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q20202352|Q20202352]]
| ''[[:d:Q20202352|localiitate de Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q73671237|Q73671237]]
| ''[[:d:Q73671237|Locality in Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136340437|Q136340437]]
| ''[[:d:Q136340437|locality of Barranquilla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5978208|Districty locality of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35034452|Q35034452]]
| ''[[:d:Q35034452|locality of Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q163884|list of boroughs and localities of Berlin]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1852178|Q1852178]]
| ''[[:d:Q1852178|locality of Düsseldorf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110710943|Q110710943]]
| ''[[:d:Q110710943|locality of Leipzig, Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13196193|part]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47481352|Q47481352]]
| ''[[:d:Q47481352|Lok Sabha constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3429959|list of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12033861|Q12033861]]
| ''[[:d:Q12033861|Lokalie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q211690|Q211690]]
| ''[[:d:Q211690|London borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q349084|district of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21561350|Q21561350]]
| ''[[:d:Q21561350|London borough council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28108|systema politic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97588718|Q97588718]]
| ''[[:d:Q97588718|London County Council constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2910784|Q2910784]]
| ''[[:d:Q2910784|London deep-level shelters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q863404|subterranea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6675524|Q6675524]]
| ''[[:d:Q6675524|lookout tree]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811534|remarkable tree]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q748998|fire lookout tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61890357|Q61890357]]
| ''[[:d:Q61890357|LOR of Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6680232|Q6680232]]
| ''[[:d:Q6680232|Lord of Bowland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1815782|lord of the manor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134498209|Q134498209]]
| ''[[:d:Q134498209|Lord of Padua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114962596|historical position]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6680104|Q6680104]]
| ''[[:d:Q6680104|Lord of the Fells]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7438071|Q7438071]]
| ''[[:d:Q7438071|Lords in the Baronage of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q196068|Q196068]]
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19944802|government structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106006806|Q106006806]]
| ''[[:d:Q106006806|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5378545|English feudal barony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114634292|Q114634292]]
| ''[[:d:Q114634292|Los Angeles City Council District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12949533|Q12949533]]
| ''[[:d:Q12949533|Los Ponts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498918|Q101498918]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498918|Louisiana Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499042|Q101499042]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499042|Louisiana Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1454602|Q1454602]]
| ''[[:d:Q1454602|low-income country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2639564|Q2639564]]
| ''[[:d:Q2639564|low-wage country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15210668|Q15210668]]
| ''[[:d:Q15210668|lower-tier municipality of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327899|municipality of Ontario]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1970243|Q1970243]]
| ''[[:d:Q1970243|Lowland Castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118594136|Q118594136]]
| ''[[:d:Q118594136|luak]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13526752|Q13526752]]
| ''[[:d:Q13526752|lugar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120041664|Q120041664]]
| ''[[:d:Q120041664|lugar of Asturias]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13526752|lugar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5756064|casería]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89778|Q89778]]
| ''[[:d:Q89778|lunette]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66818387|Q66818387]]
| ''[[:d:Q66818387|Lutheran diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109516743|Protestant diocese]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6577213|list of Lutheran dioceses and archdioceses]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1547289|Q1547289]]
| ''[[:d:Q1547289|Lutherstadt]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6706509|Q6706509]]
| ''[[:d:Q6706509|Luz]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q21484471|Wikimedia article covering multiple topics]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125840026|Q125840026]]
| ''[[:d:Q125840026|Lycée de la défense]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2511322|lycée]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12808582|military high school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11421258|national school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18189|educational stage]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q629870|Q629870]]
| ''[[:d:Q629870|län]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135746898|Q135746898]]
| ''[[:d:Q135746898|Ländlicher Zentralort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52234891|Q52234891]]
| ''[[:d:Q52234891|Lægd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64684615|Q64684615]]
| ''[[:d:Q64684615|M219 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65557961|Q65557961]]
| ''[[:d:Q65557961|M500 type bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12369360|Q12369360]]
| ''[[:d:Q12369360|maalinn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11880440|Q11880440]]
| ''[[:d:Q11880440|maaseurakunta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5781742|Q5781742]]
| ''[[:d:Q5781742|Maceda county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58001476|condado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4383575|Q4383575]]
| ''[[:d:Q4383575|machine gun nest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12031874|Q12031874]]
| ''[[:d:Q12031874|machine-gun nest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66980082|Q66980082]]
| ''[[:d:Q66980082|macro county]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66980180|Q66980180]]
| ''[[:d:Q66980180|macrohood]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3434769|Q3434769]]
| ''[[:d:Q3434769|macroregion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3623048|Q3623048]]
| ''[[:d:Q3623048|Macroregion of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q406957|NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3434769|macroregion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140045118|Q140045118]]
| ''[[:d:Q140045118|Madison alder district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7225124|administrative territorial entity of Wisconsin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038524|Q112038524]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038524|Madureira]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11397332|Q11397332]]
| ''[[:d:Q11397332|Maebashi metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15966126|Q15966126]]
| ''[[:d:Q15966126|maestranza aérea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113542480|aircraft maintenance facility]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21573573|military maintenance facility]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604883|Q604883]]
| ''[[:d:Q604883|Mafia state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131758052|Q131758052]]
| ''[[:d:Q131758052|magarama disrtict]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3358760|Q3358760]]
| ''[[:d:Q3358760|Maginot Line fort]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2940910|Q2940910]]
| ''[[:d:Q2940910|Maginot line interval casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2821907|Q2821907]]
| ''[[:d:Q2821907|Maginot Line shelter]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2113743|Q2113743]]
| ''[[:d:Q2113743|magiri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q75020334|administrative division of the Ryukyu Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27924600|Q27924600]]
| ''[[:d:Q27924600|Magistrat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q614593|collegiate body]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4592171|magistrat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q846025|Q846025]]
| ''[[:d:Q846025|Mahajanapada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q93468132|hexadecad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15637757|Q15637757]]
| ''[[:d:Q15637757|mahakuma]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4273902|Q4273902]]
| ''[[:d:Q4273902|mahal]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7551933|Q7551933]]
| ''[[:d:Q7551933|mahalla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14777355|Q14777355]]
| ''[[:d:Q14777355|mahalla of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7551933|mahalla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7551583|Q7551583]]
| ''[[:d:Q7551583|mahalla of Uzbekistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631083|administrative territorial entity of Uzbekistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17051044|Q17051044]]
| ''[[:d:Q17051044|mahalle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111291800|Q111291800]]
| ''[[:d:Q111291800|Mahanagara]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q21146257|type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17143625|Q17143625]]
| ''[[:d:Q17143625|main battery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1536137|Q1536137]]
| ''[[:d:Q1536137|main operating base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498920|Q101498920]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498920|Maine Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499044|Q101499044]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499044|Maine Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6736291|Q6736291]]
| ''[[:d:Q6736291|Maine's congressional districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17166756|United States congressional district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19188|Q19188]]
| ''[[:d:Q19188|mainland China]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14192234|Q14192234]]
| ''[[:d:Q14192234|mainland territory of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14192199|territory of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135488393|Q135488393]]
| ''[[:d:Q135488393|maires ivoiriennes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| [[statistica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q109288863|group of women]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111210427|Q111210427]]
| ''[[:d:Q111210427|Maisons 4 Familles (Oury)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627236|company town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124287198|Q124287198]]
| ''[[:d:Q124287198|major district of Lappeenranta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20251294|subdivisions of Lappeenranta]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120539798|Q120539798]]
| ''[[:d:Q120539798|major district of Seinäjoki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120540070|Seinäjoen alueellinen jako]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108321096|Q108321096]]
| ''[[:d:Q108321096|major district of Vaasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108321175|subdivisions of Vaasa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q253030|Q253030]]
| ''[[:d:Q253030|major regional center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724715|regional center of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107104511|central place]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4526752|Q4526752]]
| ''[[:d:Q4526752|majority minority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139667817|Q139667817]]
| ''[[:d:Q139667817|majority‑minority congressional district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135108615|Q135108615]]
| ''[[:d:Q135108615|Makanjila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631058|administrative territorial entity of Malawi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135108966|traditional authority of Malawi]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85880494|Q85880494]]
| ''[[:d:Q85880494|makeshift hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402739|field hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2742119|portable building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4696614|aid station]]''<br/>[[hospital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1684735|Q1684735]]
| ''[[:d:Q1684735|Makhzen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1658150|deep state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18810687|political institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136769474|Q136769474]]
| ''[[:d:Q136769474|Makindye Division East Constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q139505677|constituency of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110977362|division of Uganda]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15894370|Q15894370]]
| ''[[:d:Q15894370|Makō Subprefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65654791|Category:台灣日治時期的支廳]]''
| ''[[:d:Q850450|subprefecture of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10300169|Q10300169]]
| ''[[:d:Q10300169|Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6469514|Oriental Orthodox diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135749012|Q135749012]]
| ''[[:d:Q135749012|Malaysian national parks]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1754288|list of national parks of Malaysia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6353994|Q6353994]]
| ''[[:d:Q6353994|mancomunidad of Castilla y León]]''
| ''[[:d:Q531230|association of local governments in Iberia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987710|Q122987710]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987710|mandal of Andhra Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987738|Q122987738]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987738|mandal of Telangana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10750713|Q10750713]]
| ''[[:d:Q10750713|mandamento]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57208460|Q57208460]]
| ''[[:d:Q57208460|manoeuver area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1959427|Q1959427]]
| ''[[:d:Q1959427|Maori electorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3382900|New Zealand electorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124128694|Q124128694]]
| ''[[:d:Q124128694|maphrianate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7695|Q7695]]
| ''[[:d:Q7695|march]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1054581|buffer zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98804020|Q98804020]]
| ''[[:d:Q98804020|marcher lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22569549|Q22569549]]
| ''[[:d:Q22569549|Marine Conservation Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1367500|marine protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7251293|protected area of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60773370|Q60773370]]
| ''[[:d:Q60773370|marine protected area of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1367500|marine protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3622113|protected area of South Africa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136536994|Q136536994]]
| ''[[:d:Q136536994|maritime military hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3112553|Q3112553]]
| ''[[:d:Q3112553|maritime nation]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q943429|Q943429]]
| ''[[:d:Q943429|maritime province]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62825|Q62825]]
| ''[[:d:Q62825|maritime republics]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3112553|maritime nation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136338767|Q136338767]]
| ''[[:d:Q136338767|maritime zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11285599|sea area]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q731613|Q731613]]
| ''[[:d:Q731613|Maritimes]]''
| [[Provincia de Canada|provincias de Canada]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>[[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10577534|Q10577534]]
| ''[[:d:Q10577534|markas of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138744997|municipal division of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28083771|markaz dell'Egitto]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q562061|Q562061]]
| ''[[:d:Q562061|market municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18511725|urbe de mercato]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100341898|Q100341898]]
| ''[[:d:Q100341898|market municipality of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q562061|market municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q37654|market]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140579740|Q140579740]]
| ''[[:d:Q140579740|market state]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q131362181|social science concept]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113435339|classification of societies]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16915447|Q16915447]]
| ''[[:d:Q16915447|marktgemeente in Denemarken]]''
| ''[[:d:Q562061|market municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107426928|Q107426928]]
| ''[[:d:Q107426928|Marolambo National Park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| [[parco]]<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111342304|Q111342304]]
| ''[[:d:Q111342304|Marquesado de Campollano]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10881728|Q10881728]]
| ''[[:d:Q10881728|Marquesado de Figueroa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48782064|Q48782064]]
| ''[[:d:Q48782064|Marquesado de Montevirgen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84769537|Q84769537]]
| ''[[:d:Q84769537|Marquesado de Ríoflorido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135994041|Q135994041]]
| ''[[:d:Q135994041|Marquess of Jamaica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134987286|Q134987286]]
| ''[[:d:Q134987286|Marquessate of Alfonsín]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135427419|Q135427419]]
| ''[[:d:Q135427419|Marquessate of Canales de Chozas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135422814|Q135422814]]
| ''[[:d:Q135422814|Marquessate of Grimaldo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134986811|Q134986811]]
| ''[[:d:Q134986811|Marquessate of Llevant de Mallorca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134988649|Q134988649]]
| ''[[:d:Q134988649|Marquessate of Luz y Paz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134988694|Q134988694]]
| ''[[:d:Q134988694|Marquessate of Perales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134988621|Q134988621]]
| ''[[:d:Q134988621|Marquessate of the Valle de Alcudia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6000009|Q6000009]]
| ''[[:d:Q6000009|marquis de Camachos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5638943|Q5638943]]
| ''[[:d:Q5638943|Marquis of San Marcial]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27492289|Q27492289]]
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7695|march]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16600575|Q16600575]]
| ''[[:d:Q16600575|marquisate of Queipo de Llano]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26240527|Q26240527]]
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27492289|marquisate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7695|march]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58683981|señorío]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6354057|list of marquessates in the Spanish nobility]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48855086|Q48855086]]
| ''[[:d:Q48855086|Marqués de Montalvão]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26240527|marquisate of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18752016|Portuguese noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2365598|Q2365598]]
| ''[[:d:Q2365598|marsh castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615810|water castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31028965|Q31028965]]
| ''[[:d:Q31028965|marsh fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91285|Q91285]]
| ''[[:d:Q91285|Martello tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16838994|battery tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498863|Q101498863]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498863|Maryland Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498973|Q101498973]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498973|Maryland Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q280209|Q280209]]
| ''[[:d:Q280209|mas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11755880|residential building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q489357|farmhouse]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28518354|pardina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18419193|Q18419193]]
| ''[[:d:Q18419193|maschio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498861|Q101498861]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498861|Massachusetts Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498971|Q101498971]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498971|Massachusetts Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91638539|Q91638539]]
| ''[[:d:Q91638539|Massachusetts House of Representatives electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90315569|Q90315569]]
| ''[[:d:Q90315569|Massachusetts Senate electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q93730354|list of former districts of the Massachusetts Senate]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6785039|Q6785039]]
| ''[[:d:Q6785039|Master Jet Base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6981985|naval air station]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1911186|Q1911186]]
| ''[[:d:Q1911186|Maunsell fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20097897|sea fort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139960755|Q139960755]]
| ''[[:d:Q139960755|mayoral strategic authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q139960687|strategic authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1915501|Q1915501]]
| ''[[:d:Q1915501|mebu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65055096|Q65055096]]
| ''[[:d:Q65055096|medieval castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5770868|Q5770868]]
| ''[[:d:Q5770868|medieval city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q22674925|former settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5107861|Q5107861]]
| ''[[:d:Q5107861|medieval commune]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2404434|Q2404434]]
| ''[[:d:Q2404434|medieval fortification]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2037228|Q2037228]]
| ''[[:d:Q2037228|Medieval principalities in southern Dalmatia]]''
| [[Principato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1386235|Q1386235]]
| ''[[:d:Q1386235|medieval watchtower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2549943|Warte]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1401585|Q1401585]]
| ''[[:d:Q1401585|medium regional center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724715|regional center of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129255737|Q129255737]]
| ''[[:d:Q129255737|medium-sized city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54935786|Q54935786]]
| ''[[:d:Q54935786|medium-sized district town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101217256|Q101217256]]
| ''[[:d:Q101217256|medium-sized electoral district of the House of Representatives of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23983335|district of the House of Representatives of Japan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q11625983|衆議院選挙区一覧 (1947-1993)]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2495242|Q2495242]]
| ''[[:d:Q2495242|meetstoel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q174844|Q174844]]
| [[Megacitate]]
| ''[[:d:Q1637706|citate a milliones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1538989|Q1538989]]
| ''[[:d:Q1538989|megadiverse country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1175519|Q1175519]]
| ''[[:d:Q1175519|megyei város]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15726223|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13218690|town in Hungary]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11936365|Q11936365]]
| ''[[:d:Q11936365|Mehwas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136892437|Q136892437]]
| ''[[:d:Q136892437|Melkite Greek Catholic eparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105389481|Greek-Catholic diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111988586|Q111988586]]
| ''[[:d:Q111988586|Mellanområde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6813146|Q6813146]]
| ''[[:d:Q6813146|Mello-Roos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61964031|Q61964031]]
| ''[[:d:Q61964031|member of the United Nations Security Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q160016|stato membro del Nationes Unite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1141027|list of members of the United Nations Security Council]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1646605|Q1646605]]
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q8191099|member]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814228|Q6814228]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814228|member states of ALBA]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1951661|Q1951661]]
| ''[[:d:Q1951661|member states of ASEAN]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814224|Q6814224]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814224|member states of Mercosur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q595841|Q595841]]
| ''[[:d:Q595841|member states of NATO]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13473501|collective]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814225|Q6814225]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814225|member states of OPEC]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3055369|Q3055369]]
| ''[[:d:Q3055369|member states of the African Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814226|Q6814226]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814226|member states of the Arab League]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814231|Q6814231]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814231|member states of the Caribbean Community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q205995|Caribbean Community]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11815149|Q11815149]]
| ''[[:d:Q11815149|member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1757823|Q1757823]]
| ''[[:d:Q1757823|member states of the Commonwealth of Nations]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q24038939|list of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814229|Q6814229]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814229|member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814230|Q6814230]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814230|member states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6505795|Q6505795]]
| ''[[:d:Q6505795|member states of the Council of Europe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20982723|Q20982723]]
| ''[[:d:Q20982723|member states of the Eurasian Economic Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814233|Q6814233]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814233|member states of the International Atomic Energy Agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814232|Q6814232]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814232|member states of the Latin Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2745501|Q2745501]]
| ''[[:d:Q2745501|member states of the League of Nations]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q6814239|Q6814239]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814239|member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814237|Q6814237]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814237|member states of the Organization of Ibero-American States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17093009|Q17093009]]
| ''[[:d:Q17093009|member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6316828|Q6316828]]
| ''[[:d:Q6316828|member states of the Union of South American Nations]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814241|Q6814241]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814241|member states of the Venice Commission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814242|Q6814242]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814242|member states of the World Customs Organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814244|Q6814244]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814244|member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6814245|Q6814245]]
| ''[[:d:Q6814245|member states of the World Sports Alliance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q628363|Q628363]]
| ''[[:d:Q628363|member states of UNESCO]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1172788|Q1172788]]
| ''[[:d:Q1172788|merindad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478101|administrative territorial entity of the Crown of Castile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6011103|Q6011103]]
| ''[[:d:Q6011103|Merindad Mayor de Castilla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1172788|merindad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61478101|administrative territorial entity of the Crown of Castile]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3054037|Q3054037]]
| ''[[:d:Q3054037|merindad of Navarra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1172788|merindad]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135898820|entidad territorial administrativa del Reino de Navarra]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6819638|Q6819638]]
| ''[[:d:Q6819638|merkhav mugan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111973166|Q111973166]]
| ''[[:d:Q111973166|Mesa da Assembleia Municipal do Porto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4808645|assembleia municipal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117000106|Q117000106]]
| ''[[:d:Q117000106|Mesopotamian city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61708001|Q61708001]]
| ''[[:d:Q61708001|mesoregions and microregions of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60198461|Q60198461]]
| ''[[:d:Q60198461|Metn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86752580|Q86752580]]
| ''[[:d:Q86752580|metro township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17351862|township of Utah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q200250|Q200250]]
| ''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10329259|Q10329259]]
| ''[[:d:Q10329259|metropoli nacional]]''
| ''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4120621|rank]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q427961|Q427961]]
| ''[[:d:Q427961|metropolis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2072238|archdiocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11643604|Q11643604]]
| ''[[:d:Q11643604|metropolitan area (MLIT)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113379906|Q113379906]]
| ''[[:d:Q113379906|metropolitan area (Statistics Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1063373|list of metropolitan areas in Japan by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2578201|Q2578201]]
| ''[[:d:Q2578201|metropolitan area in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q3201456|Q3201456]]
| ''[[:d:Q3201456|metropolitan area of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17524420|aspect of history]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1002812|Q1002812]]
| ''[[:d:Q1002812|metropolitan borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q349084|district of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1006876|borough in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19414242|Q19414242]]
| ''[[:d:Q19414242|metropolitan borough council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16690653|district council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9046617|Q9046617]]
| ''[[:d:Q9046617|metropolitan borough of the County of London]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48800793|Q48800793]]
| ''[[:d:Q48800793|Metropolitan cities of Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3726238|ente locale]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q482821|Q482821]]
| ''[[:d:Q482821|metropolitan city of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15235045|Q15235045]]
| ''[[:d:Q15235045|metropolitan community of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q699386|statutory corporation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q769628|Q769628]]
| ''[[:d:Q769628|metropolitan county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643815|metropolitan or non-metropolitan county of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21272231|county council area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110418000|Q110418000]]
| ''[[:d:Q110418000|metropolitan county council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4321471|county council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4296769|Q4296769]]
| ''[[:d:Q4296769|metropolitan district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6024226|Q6024226]]
| ''[[:d:Q6024226|metropolitan municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1530824|Q1530824]]
| ''[[:d:Q1530824|metropolitan municipality in South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2666845|municipality of South Africa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6024226|metropolitan municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2716259|Q2716259]]
| ''[[:d:Q2716259|metropolitan municipality in Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6024226|metropolitan municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q643815|Q643815]]
| ''[[:d:Q643815|metropolitan or non-metropolitan county of England]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[Contato (Anglaterra)]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124313007|Q124313007]]
| ''[[:d:Q124313007|metropolitan prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71144301|Q71144301]]
| ''[[:d:Q71144301|metropolitan region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4120621|rank]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3931970|Q3931970]]
| ''[[:d:Q3931970|metropolitan region in Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1132300|Q1132300]]
| ''[[:d:Q1132300|metropolitan region in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q140466239|type of region by location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11962746|Q11962746]]
| ''[[:d:Q11962746|metropolitan region of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q18646761|liste over norske storby- og byregioner]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1768043|Q1768043]]
| ''[[:d:Q1768043|metropolitan statistical area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5170155|core based statistical area]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4387868|list of metropolitan statistical areas]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5758432|list of United States metropolitan areas by per capita income]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5148433|Q5148433]]
| ''[[:d:Q5148433|Mexico City colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5148198|colonia of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65086119|Q65086119]]
| ''[[:d:Q65086119|Mfon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2962054|traditional chiefdom in Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116|monarcha]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498922|Q101498922]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498922|Michigan Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499046|Q101499046]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499046|Michigan Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q604435|Q604435]]
| ''[[:d:Q604435|microdistrict]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12104567|housing estate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q188443|Q188443]]
| [[micronation]]
| ''[[:d:Q23037160|quasi-state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133801190|micronationalism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96196009|former or current state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2339872|list of micronations]]''
| stato micre e sin recognition international
|-
| [[:d:Q133801190|Q133801190]]
| ''[[:d:Q133801190|micronationalism]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49447|world view]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1914636|activitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3270419|Q3270419]]
| ''[[:d:Q3270419|micropolitan statistical area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5170155|core based statistical area]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6839939|list of micropolitan statistical areas by state]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11781066|Q11781066]]
| ''[[:d:Q11781066|microregion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12057479|union of municipalities]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111878045|microregion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111878045|Q111878045]]
| ''[[:d:Q111878045|microregion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q244381|Q244381]]
| ''[[:d:Q244381|microstate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1377650|Q1377650]]
| [[microstatos europee]]
| ''[[:d:Q244381|microstate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6841282|Q6841282]]
| ''[[:d:Q6841282|Middle Colonies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1351282|crown colony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q617219|English overseas possession]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6841665|Q6841665]]
| ''[[:d:Q6841665|Middle judicatory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1322988|Q1322988]]
| ''[[:d:Q1322988|middle power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18191954|Q18191954]]
| ''[[:d:Q18191954|Migunit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1322402|nonbuilding structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11489366|Q11489366]]
| ''[[:d:Q11489366|miketsukuni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12192570|Q12192570]]
| ''[[:d:Q12192570|Mikhlaf]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11488831|Q11488831]]
| ''[[:d:Q11488831|mikuriya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104454065|Q104454065]]
| ''[[:d:Q104454065|Milanese hundred]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1464870|pieve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3904890|pièves milanaises]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1568283|Q1568283]]
| ''[[:d:Q1568283|milecastle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q89477|castellum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14752696|ancient Roman structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3578049|Q3578049]]
| ''[[:d:Q3578049|military academies of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q917182|Q917182]]
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''<br/>[[Academia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q38723|higher education institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140232724|Q140232724]]
| ''[[:d:Q140232724|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q140227266|type of educational institution in Finland]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2889084|Q2889084]]
| ''[[:d:Q2889084|Military Administration]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935061|Q1935061]]
| ''[[:d:Q1935061|Military Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16934465|military exclusion zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97095925|Q97095925]]
| ''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17350442|venue]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137222214|Q137222214]]
| ''[[:d:Q137222214|military aviation university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137222210|aviation university]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130388971|type of university]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1402385|Q1402385]]
| ''[[:d:Q1402385|military bakery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q274393|bakery]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q245016|Q245016]]
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134508916|Q134508916]]
| ''[[:d:Q134508916|military boarding school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q269770|boarding school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6852233|Q6852233]]
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
| [[edificio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811430|fixed construction]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1198413|Q1198413]]
| ''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1326028|camp]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q64490328|military housing]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12409417|Q12409417]]
| ''[[:d:Q12409417|military citadels under London]]''
| [[Citadella]]<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130682714|Q130682714]]
| ''[[:d:Q130682714|military colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65232544|Q65232544]]
| ''[[:d:Q65232544|military command center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60983064|Q60983064]]
| ''[[:d:Q60983064|military depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134496690|facility type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26208843|Q26208843]]
| ''[[:d:Q26208843|military district of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580112|military district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13366014|Q13366014]]
| ''[[:d:Q13366014|military district of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580112|military district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q580112|military district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16934465|Q16934465]]
| ''[[:d:Q16934465|military exclusion zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q356936|exclusion zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11836899|military restricted area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1423465|Q1423465]]
| ''[[:d:Q1423465|military facilities in Vienna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q136537058|Q136537058]]
| ''[[:d:Q136537058|military general hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2440002|general hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12808582|Q12808582]]
| ''[[:d:Q12808582|military high school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9826|high school]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q134507692|list of military high schools]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2387974|Q2387974]]
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
| [[hospital]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q105354256|list of military hospitals by country]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64490328|Q64490328]]
| ''[[:d:Q64490328|military housing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6532502|public housing]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7432476|Q7432476]]
| ''[[:d:Q7432476|military infantry school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113481408|military training establishment]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4167410|pagina de disambiguation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18691599|Q18691599]]
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13226383|facility]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30971620|Q30971620]]
| ''[[:d:Q30971620|Military lyceum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21573573|Q21573573]]
| ''[[:d:Q21573573|military maintenance facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113493738|maintenance facility]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130382634|Q130382634]]
| ''[[:d:Q130382634|military medical university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1916585|medical university]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1531518|Q1531518]]
| ''[[:d:Q1531518|military ordinariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350509|ordinariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2665272|Ecclesiastical circumscription immediately subject to the Holy See]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49304834|Q49304834]]
| ''[[:d:Q49304834|Military parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12798556|personal parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133884822|Q133884822]]
| ''[[:d:Q133884822|military parish church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q317557|parish church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1494386|garrison church]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134509346|Q134509346]]
| ''[[:d:Q134509346|military police school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134509283|police school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11637431|Q11637431]]
| ''[[:d:Q11637431|military port]]''
| [[Porto]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8012925|Q8012925]]
| ''[[:d:Q8012925|military preparatory school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136562961|Q136562961]]
| ''[[:d:Q136562961|military proving ground]]''
| ''[[:d:Q115238250|proving ground]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133288241|Q133288241]]
| ''[[:d:Q133288241|military radar station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q89578131|radar station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26208824|Q26208824]]
| ''[[:d:Q26208824|military region of Algeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6721654|administrative territorial entity of Algeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26208827|Q26208827]]
| ''[[:d:Q26208827|military region of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580112|military district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19840432|Q19840432]]
| ''[[:d:Q19840432|military region of Laos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50199|administrative territorial entity of Laos]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51992008|Q51992008]]
| ''[[:d:Q51992008|Military region of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109513079|administrative region of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008856|command]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9822982|area command]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6853104|Q6853104]]
| ''[[:d:Q6853104|military region of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580112|military district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11637434|Q11637434]]
| ''[[:d:Q11637434|military reservation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11836899|Q11836899]]
| ''[[:d:Q11836899|military restricted area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133521624|restricted area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6857854|Q6857854]]
| ''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''
| ''[[:d:Q34442|Strata]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935049|Q1935049]]
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q322563|vocational school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3920983|Q3920983]]
| ''[[:d:Q3920983|Military settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97344267|Поселение]]''
| ''[[:d:Q737571|dislocation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136562970|Q136562970]]
| ''[[:d:Q136562970|military shooting range]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q521839|shooting range]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136562987|Q136562987]]
| ''[[:d:Q136562987|military testing area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134496690|facility type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q620509|Q620509]]
| ''[[:d:Q620509|military town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11836899|military restricted area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q137372315|list of modern military towns]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1778846|Q1778846]]
| ''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11637434|military reservation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136562987|military testing area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29918961|Q29918961]]
| ''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11631078|athletic training facility]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113481408|Q113481408]]
| ''[[:d:Q113481408|military training establishment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935147|Q1935147]]
| ''[[:d:Q1935147|military training facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21028475|Q21028475]]
| ''[[:d:Q21028475|military training hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1813474|teaching hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91764|Q91764]]
| ''[[:d:Q91764|military trench]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88480|moat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1349587|earthworks]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1402346|field fortification]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1852785|trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130382439|Q130382439]]
| ''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''
| [[universitate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15627509|military organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q38723|higher education institution]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130388971|type of university]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130382559|Q130382559]]
| ''[[:d:Q130382559|military university academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91450105|Q91450105]]
| ''[[:d:Q91450105|military vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q620225|apostolic vicariate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140231894|Q140231894]]
| ''[[:d:Q140231894|military vocational institute]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q140227266|type of educational institution in Finland]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2172408|Q2172408]]
| ''[[:d:Q2172408|militia canton]]''
| [[canton]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17990712|Q17990712]]
| ''[[:d:Q17990712|Militärbezirk (ČSSR)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10585329|Q10585329]]
| ''[[:d:Q10585329|militärförsamlingar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1935075|Q1935075]]
| ''[[:d:Q1935075|Militärischer Sicherheitsbereich signs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16934465|military exclusion zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132802298|Q132802298]]
| ''[[:d:Q132802298|Militärkolonien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107616806|Q107616806]]
| ''[[:d:Q107616806|Militärverwaltung in Rumänien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4012861|Q4012861]]
| ''[[:d:Q4012861|mill town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q627236|company town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10585410|Q10585410]]
| ''[[:d:Q10585410|Millenniekommun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q127448|communa svedese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2595432|Q2595432]]
| ''[[:d:Q2595432|Millennium Gemeente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2039348|municipality of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2229627|Q2229627]]
| ''[[:d:Q2229627|millionaire municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1444611|Q1444611]]
| ''[[:d:Q1444611|minarchy]]''
| [[stato]]
| [[Philosophia politic]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q829528|Q829528]]
| ''[[:d:Q829528|mine field]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116701434|mining district]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11342433|Q11342433]]
| ''[[:d:Q11342433|Minidokuritsukoku]]''
| [[micronation]]
| ''[[:d:Q1145276|fictional country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116701434|Q116701434]]
| ''[[:d:Q116701434|mining district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21651989|Q21651989]]
| ''[[:d:Q21651989|mining enclosure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18481302|barrage]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q819435|Q819435]]
| ''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
| [[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q116447059|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17240136|functional region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498925|Q101498925]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498925|Minnesota Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499049|Q101499049]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499049|Minnesota Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1995480|Q1995480]]
| ''[[:d:Q1995480|minor civil division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3333989|Q3333989]]
| ''[[:d:Q3333989|minor local entity of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14839548|Q14839548]]
| ''[[:d:Q14839548|minor locality in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1771656|Q1771656]]
| ''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21193688|Q21193688]]
| ''[[:d:Q21193688|missile base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q853409|Q853409]]
| ''[[:d:Q853409|missile launch facility]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q863404|subterranea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1353183|launch pad]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12146012|underground structure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87715130|Q87715130]]
| ''[[:d:Q87715130|missile launch site]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1353183|launch pad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9289122|Q9289122]]
| ''[[:d:Q9289122|mission]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116685618|Q116685618]]
| ''[[:d:Q116685618|mission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q644930|Q644930]]
| ''[[:d:Q644930|mission sui iuris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51647|Christian mission]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1564373|mission station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498929|Q101498929]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498929|Mississippi Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499054|Q101499054]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499054|Mississippi Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498927|Q101498927]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498927|Missouri Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499053|Q101499053]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499053|Missouri Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133997481|Q133997481]]
| ''[[:d:Q133997481|Mitgliedsgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11548646|Q11548646]]
| ''[[:d:Q11548646|Mito metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11465761|Q11465761]]
| ''[[:d:Q11465761|Miyake]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11454621|Q11454621]]
| ''[[:d:Q11454621|Miyazaki metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1210300|Q1210300]]
| ''[[:d:Q1210300|Mkhare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q244339|administrative territorial entity of Georgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88480|Q88480]]
| ''[[:d:Q88480|moat]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12529452|human-made landform]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1852785|trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1934870|Q1934870]]
| ''[[:d:Q1934870|mobile army surgical hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402739|field hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62933848|military unit branch-type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120170641|Q120170641]]
| ''[[:d:Q120170641|mock town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29918961|military training center]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1679711|Q1679711]]
| ''[[:d:Q1679711|Modellstaat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131826497|Q131826497]]
| ''[[:d:Q131826497|modern great power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185145|grande potentia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q21068500|list of modern great powers]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4889537|Q4889537]]
| ''[[:d:Q4889537|modern state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21097710|Q21097710]]
| ''[[:d:Q21097710|moenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2003026|Q2003026]]
| ''[[:d:Q2003026|mogendheid]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6894839|Q6894839]]
| ''[[:d:Q6894839|moist county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13410447|county of Kentucky]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98141386|Q98141386]]
| ''[[:d:Q98141386|monastery wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42948|wall]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108828327|perimeter wall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113637359|Q113637359]]
| ''[[:d:Q113637359|monohromada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104841013|hromada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1131233|Q1131233]]
| ''[[:d:Q1131233|monotown]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q83726564|Q83726564]]
| ''[[:d:Q83726564|Monotowns of Russia]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498931|Q101498931]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498931|Montana Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499057|Q101499057]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499057|Montana Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1936511|Q1936511]]
| ''[[:d:Q1936511|Monthon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2994131|Q2994131]]
| ''[[:d:Q2994131|Montreal City Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813362|municipal council in Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3308596|mayor–council government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122278399|Q122278399]]
| ''[[:d:Q122278399|Monument to Warriors of the Yazonovsky Redoubt]]''
| [[fortification]]
| [[monumento]]<br/>''[[:d:Q90754|redoubt]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12037756|Q12037756]]
| ''[[:d:Q12037756|mortar block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12037755|Q12037755]]
| ''[[:d:Q12037755|mortar dome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10616454|Q10616454]]
| ''[[:d:Q10616454|mortgage fief]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1371446|Q1371446]]
| ''[[:d:Q1371446|motherland]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6024699|Q6024699]]
| ''[[:d:Q6024699|motilla]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92062|Q92062]]
| ''[[:d:Q92062|motte-and-bailey castle]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12020325|Q12020325]]
| ''[[:d:Q12020325|mountain castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11969069|Q11969069]]
| ''[[:d:Q11969069|mountain complex]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107759421|Q107759421]]
| ''[[:d:Q107759421|mountain hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17194217|Q17194217]]
| ''[[:d:Q17194217|mountain indigenous district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q705296|district of Taiwan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47248051|Indigenous Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17194218|Q17194218]]
| ''[[:d:Q17194218|Mountain indigenous township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2367508|township of Taiwan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47248051|Indigenous Area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107765502|Q107765502]]
| ''[[:d:Q107765502|mountain village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107759421|mountain hamlet]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56406134|Q56406134]]
| ''[[:d:Q56406134|mountainous area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q271669|landform]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3326451|Q3326451]]
| ''[[:d:Q3326451|moutte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92062|motte-and-bailey castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7884789|toponym]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6926427|Q6926427]]
| ''[[:d:Q6926427|mouza]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1368879|Q1368879]]
| ''[[:d:Q1368879|Muban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3818638|Q3818638]]
| ''[[:d:Q3818638|mudiriyah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1319414|Q1319414]]
| ''[[:d:Q1319414|mueang]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4308711|Q4308711]]
| ''[[:d:Q4308711|Muftiate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q16562419|political entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20570993|Q20570993]]
| ''[[:d:Q20570993|Muftiate of Skopje]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q579151|Q579151]]
| ''[[:d:Q579151|Muftiate of the Republic of Dagestan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1764608|Q1764608]]
| ''[[:d:Q1764608|muhafazah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1798622|governorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q746529|Q746529]]
| ''[[:d:Q746529|mukim]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110132183|Q110132183]]
| ''[[:d:Q110132183|Mukim di Negeri Sembilan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67925073|mukim of Malaysia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60047|Q60047]]
| ''[[:d:Q60047|mukim of Brunei Darussalam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976636|administrative territorial entity of Brunei]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q746529|mukim]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15281004|Q15281004]]
| ''[[:d:Q15281004|mukim of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q746529|mukim]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67925073|Q67925073]]
| ''[[:d:Q67925073|mukim of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q746529|mukim]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61088797|Q61088797]]
| ''[[:d:Q61088797|mukim of Sabah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67925073|mukim of Malaysia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24960634|Q24960634]]
| ''[[:d:Q24960634|multi-member constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54854047|Q54854047]]
| ''[[:d:Q54854047|multi-member district of the Italian Chamber of Deputies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43957010|constituency of the Italian Chamber of Deputies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24960634|multi-member constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20014933|Q20014933]]
| ''[[:d:Q20014933|multiethnic state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1641089|Q1641089]]
| ''[[:d:Q1641089|multinational state]]''
| [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1335818|supranational union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15622876|Q15622876]]
| ''[[:d:Q15622876|Multinational state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31029044|Q31029044]]
| ''[[:d:Q31029044|multiple enclosure hillfort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2622850|Q2622850]]
| ''[[:d:Q2622850|municipaal kanton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130265030|Q130265030]]
| ''[[:d:Q130265030|Municipal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6643832|township of North Carolina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q702842|Q702842]]
| ''[[:d:Q702842|municipal arrondissement of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22927291|sixth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q702869|Q702869]]
| ''[[:d:Q702869|municipal arrondissement of Lyon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702842|municipal arrondissement of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q702875|Q702875]]
| ''[[:d:Q702875|municipal arrondissement of Marseille]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702842|municipal arrondissement of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13196193|part]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q679388|Q679388]]
| ''[[:d:Q679388|municipal arrondissement of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702842|municipal arrondissement of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123461448|subdivision of Paris]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138354621|Q138354621]]
| ''[[:d:Q138354621|municipal assembly of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11505876|local assembly in Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6936301|Q6936301]]
| ''[[:d:Q6936301|municipal authority in Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4307514|municipal government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q518343|Q518343]]
| ''[[:d:Q518343|municipal borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1006876|borough in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128599115|Q128599115]]
| ''[[:d:Q128599115|municipal building authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811094|building authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5153359|municipalitate del Republica Chec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97166215|Q97166215]]
| ''[[:d:Q97166215|municipal city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65165488|đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện tại Việt Nam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135431179|city in Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q348884|Q348884]]
| ''[[:d:Q348884|municipal community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13420058|Q13420058]]
| ''[[:d:Q13420058|municipal community in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q348884|municipal community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6936225|Q6936225]]
| ''[[:d:Q6936225|Municipal Corporation (India)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11204|legislature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q115871265|urban local body in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58953536|Q58953536]]
| ''[[:d:Q58953536|municipal corporation area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112684326|municipality of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105074756|Q105074756]]
| ''[[:d:Q105074756|municipal corporation of West Bengal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6936225|Municipal Corporation (India)]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q105075269|list of Municipal Corporations in West Bengal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813375|Q15813375]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813375|municipal council in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813372|Q15813372]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813372|municipal council in British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813351|Q15813351]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q701632|municipal council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813368|Q15813368]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813368|municipal council in Manitoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813358|Q15813358]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813358|municipal council in New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813355|Q15813355]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813355|municipal council in Newfoundland and Labrador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813361|Q15813361]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813361|municipal council in Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813363|Q15813363]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813363|municipal council in Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813357|Q15813357]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813357|municipal council in Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813362|Q15813362]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813362|municipal council in Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3308596|mayor–council government]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15813367|Q15813367]]
| ''[[:d:Q15813367|municipal council in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15813351|municipal council in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2198484|Q2198484]]
| ''[[:d:Q2198484|municipal district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60849925|Q60849925]]
| ''[[:d:Q60849925|municipal district in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2198484|municipal district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14762205|Q14762205]]
| ''[[:d:Q14762205|municipal district of Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1847255|list of municipal districts in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7553685|Q7553685]]
| ''[[:d:Q7553685|municipal district of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374501|administrative territorial entity of Bulgaria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29473607|Q29473607]]
| ''[[:d:Q29473607|municipal district of Drymos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21682724|Q21682724]]
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2198484|municipal district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124423037|Q124423037]]
| ''[[:d:Q124423037|municipal district of Frankfurt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q163301|Ortsbezirk of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6664352|Q6664352]]
| ''[[:d:Q6664352|municipal district of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15731904|Q15731904]]
| ''[[:d:Q15731904|municipal district of Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75339006|Q75339006]]
| ''[[:d:Q75339006|municipal district of Prague]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6936314|Q6936314]]
| ''[[:d:Q6936314|municipal district of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81063407|local administrative entity of quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17080722|Q17080722]]
| ''[[:d:Q17080722|municipal district of San Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2198484|municipal district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4353479|Q4353479]]
| ''[[:d:Q4353479|municipal district of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138744997|Q138744997]]
| ''[[:d:Q138744997|municipal division of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47455491|Q47455491]]
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973938|electoral district of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47455759|Q47455759]]
| ''[[:d:Q47455759|municipal electoral district of Calgary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47489972|Q47489972]]
| ''[[:d:Q47489972|Municipal Electoral District of Edmonton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56071300|Q56071300]]
| ''[[:d:Q56071300|municipal electoral district of Gatineau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47489973|Q47489973]]
| ''[[:d:Q47489973|municipal electoral district of Halifax]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56117998|Q56117998]]
| ''[[:d:Q56117998|municipal electoral district of Laval]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56118117|Q56118117]]
| ''[[:d:Q56118117|municipal electoral district of London, Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56118173|Q56118173]]
| ''[[:d:Q56118173|municipal electoral district of Mississauga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47456033|Q47456033]]
| ''[[:d:Q47456033|municipal electoral district of Montreal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47486824|Q47486824]]
| ''[[:d:Q47486824|municipal electoral district of Ottawa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47455500|Q47455500]]
| ''[[:d:Q47455500|municipal electoral district of Toronto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47489971|Q47489971]]
| ''[[:d:Q47489971|municipal electoral district of Vancouver]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47489974|Q47489974]]
| ''[[:d:Q47489974|municipal electoral district of Winnipeg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47455491|municipal electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1849719|Q1849719]]
| ''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3788231|Q3788231]]
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120836744|Q120836744]]
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104146790|United States electoral district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687178|type of administrative division in the United States]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3350075|Q3350075]]
| ''[[:d:Q3350075|municipal okrug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42619282|Q42619282]]
| ''[[:d:Q42619282|municipal okrug of Saint Petersburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27587207|city municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2115448|intra-city territory of a federal city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75338598|Q75338598]]
| ''[[:d:Q75338598|municipal part of Prague]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56440793|municipi o ciutat que forma part de la capital de Praga]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21851888|self-governing city part in the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61089180|Q61089180]]
| ''[[:d:Q61089180|municipal part of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q115252541|part of a municipality in Czech Republic and Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25505751|Q25505751]]
| ''[[:d:Q25505751|municipal school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>[[schola]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87518090|Q87518090]]
| ''[[:d:Q87518090|municipal sector]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28203007|administrative sector]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1985797|Q1985797]]
| ''[[:d:Q1985797|municipal unit of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6936294|Q6936294]]
| ''[[:d:Q6936294|municipal utility district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1951366|public utility]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12876091|Q12876091]]
| ''[[:d:Q12876091|municipal/local commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130233653|Q130233653]]
| ''[[:d:Q130233653|Municipalidad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15284|Q15284]]
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
| division administrative
|-
| [[:d:Q253326|Q253326]]
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989398|Q2989398]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989398|municipalitate de Algeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6721654|administrative territorial entity of Algeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61763947|Q61763947]]
| ''[[:d:Q61763947|municipalitate de Aragon]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]<br/>''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3054026|list of municipalities in Aragon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6355224|Anexo:Municipios de Aragón por extensión]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1062710|Q1062710]]
| ''[[:d:Q1062710|municipalitate de Bolivia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q213918|administrative territorial entity of Bolivia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q747074|Q747074]]
| [[Communa de Italia|municipalitate de Italia]]
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3248486|list of comuni of Italy]]''
| division administrative italian del tertie nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q3345345|Q3345345]]
| ''[[:d:Q3345345|municipalitate de Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1952852|Q1952852]]
| ''[[:d:Q1952852|municipalitate de Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6590092|list of Mexican municipalities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1381899|Q1381899]]
| ''[[:d:Q1381899|municipalitate de Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109429530|provincial-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135431179|city in Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q499073|direct-controlled municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123754112|Q123754112]]
| ''[[:d:Q123754112|municipalitate del Communitate Valencian]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q3176629|list of municipalities in the Valencian Community]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5153359|Q5153359]]
| ''[[:d:Q5153359|municipalitate del Republica Chec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2183520|obec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q699386|statutory corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67304002|type of legal entity in the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12269642|list of municipalities in the Czech Republic]]''
| municipalitate del Republica Chec
|-
| [[:d:Q2616791|Q2616791]]
| ''[[:d:Q2616791|municipalitate urban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15334|gmina]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42744322|Q42744322]]
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13539802|place with town rights and privileges]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3184121|Q3184121]]
| ''[[:d:Q3184121|municipalitates de Brasil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q6629685|list of municipalities of Brazil]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2074737|Q2074737]]
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48909258|third-order administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126192154|local territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17543138|list of municipalities of Spain]]''
| divisiones administrative de Espania al tertie nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q16739079|Q16739079]]
| ''[[:d:Q16739079|municipalities of Cyprus Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8435708|administrative territorial entity of Cyprus Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60223819|type of administrative division of the Republic of Cyprus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56402186|list of municipalities of Republic of Cyprus]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q737681|Q737681]]
| ''[[:d:Q737681|municipalities with language facilities]]''
| ''[[:d:Q493522|municipality of Belgium]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27676428|Q27676428]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676428|municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41762994|Q41762994]]
| ''[[:d:Q41762994|municipality administration association of Baden-Württemberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q314097|municipality association of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520712|administrative co-operation in Germany]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q314097|Q314097]]
| ''[[:d:Q314097|municipality association of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121289819|Q121289819]]
| ''[[:d:Q121289819|municipality capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15303838|sede municipal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5264406|designation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3624938|Q3624938]]
| ''[[:d:Q3624938|municipality district of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123433484|Q123433484]]
| ''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q15910601|list of municipalities in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q262166|Q262166]]
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1544184|Q1544184]]
| ''[[:d:Q1544184|Municipality in Prussia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17110751|Q17110751]]
| ''[[:d:Q17110751|municipality in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1852752|community in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q135669842|Q135669842]]
| ''[[:d:Q135669842|municipality in the GDR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327870|Q3327870]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q768307|Q768307]]
| ''[[:d:Q768307|municipality of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125576665|Q125576665]]
| ''[[:d:Q125576665|municipality of Andalucía]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q24290351|list of municipalities in Andalusia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6355219|Anexo:Municipios de Andalucía por población]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q378508|Q378508]]
| ''[[:d:Q378508|municipality of Angola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976645|administrative territorial entity of Angola]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22065638|list of municipalities of Angola]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3243765|Q3243765]]
| ''[[:d:Q3243765|municipality of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3685430|Q3685430]]
| ''[[:d:Q3685430|municipality of Armenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13058055|administrative divisions of Armenia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5669275|Municipalities of Armenia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q667509|Q667509]]
| ''[[:d:Q667509|municipality of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15129871|Q15129871]]
| ''[[:d:Q15129871|municipality of Azerbaijan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137413|administrative territorial entity of Azerbaijan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q97221923|comuni dell'Azerbaigian]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108723311|Q108723311]]
| ''[[:d:Q108723311|municipality of Bari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q493522|Q493522]]
| ''[[:d:Q493522|municipality of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q13606337|list of municipalities in Belgium]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17134625|Q17134625]]
| ''[[:d:Q17134625|municipality of Bermuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2462304|administrative territorial entity of Bermuda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2706302|Q2706302]]
| ''[[:d:Q2706302|municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1906268|Q1906268]]
| ''[[:d:Q1906268|municipality of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10374501|administrative territorial entity of Bulgaria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12294695|Anexo:Municipios de Bulgaria]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123095923|Q123095923]]
| ''[[:d:Q123095923|municipality of Cantabria]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q6355244|Anexo:Municipios de Cantabria por superficie]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6355242|Anexo:Municipios de Cantabria por población]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q93179|list of municipalities in Cantabria]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125577012|Q125577012]]
| ''[[:d:Q125577012|municipality of Castile and León]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3099206|liste des communes de Castille-et-León]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125577043|Q125577043]]
| ''[[:d:Q125577043|municipality of Castilla-La Mancha]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3098328|liste des communes de Castille-La Manche]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33146843|Q33146843]]
| ''[[:d:Q33146843|municipality of Catalonia]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q730216|Municipalities of Catalonia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121888375|Q121888375]]
| ''[[:d:Q121888375|municipality of Chad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15044747|administrative territorial entity of Chad]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2555896|Q2555896]]
| ''[[:d:Q2555896|municipality of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6567527|list of Colombian municipalities by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140044899|Q140044899]]
| ''[[:d:Q140044899|municipality of Colorado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q257955|list of municipalities in Colorado]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57058|Q57058]]
| ''[[:d:Q57058|municipality of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q558330|Q558330]]
| ''[[:d:Q558330|municipality of Cuba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5549724|administrative territorial entity of Cuba]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2177636|Q2177636]]
| ''[[:d:Q2177636|municipality of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5257464|list of municipalities of Denmark]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q741821|Q741821]]
| ''[[:d:Q741821|municipality of East Timor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6052777|administrative territorial entity of East Timor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3556889|Q3556889]]
| ''[[:d:Q3556889|municipality of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q69136866|list of municipalities of El Salvador]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22696143|Q22696143]]
| ''[[:d:Q22696143|municipality of Equatorial Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q612229|Q612229]]
| ''[[:d:Q612229|municipality of Estonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620181|administrative territorial entity of Estonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q13755193|list of municipalities in Estonia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125576927|Q125576927]]
| ''[[:d:Q125576927|municipality of Extremadura]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3051736|liste des communes d'Estrémadure]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q856076|Q856076]]
| ''[[:d:Q856076|municipality of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10984257|list of Finnish municipalities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2276925|Q2276925]]
| ''[[:d:Q2276925|municipality of Galicia]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q53996655|list of Galician municipalities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2655841|Q2655841]]
| ''[[:d:Q2655841|municipality of Georgia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q244339|administrative territorial entity of Georgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76514543|Q76514543]]
| ''[[:d:Q76514543|municipality of Georgia]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1349648|Q1349648]]
| ''[[:d:Q1349648|municipality of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16423979|Q16423979]]
| ''[[:d:Q16423979|municipality of Greenland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q743544|administrative territorial entity of Greenland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1872284|Q1872284]]
| ''[[:d:Q1872284|municipality of Guatemala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2836357|administrative territorial entity of Guatemala]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2602693|Q2602693]]
| ''[[:d:Q2602693|municipality of Honduras]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15097620|administrative territorial entity of Honduras]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30843159|list of municipalities in Honduras]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2590631|Q2590631]]
| ''[[:d:Q2590631|municipality of Hungary]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14502790|settlement of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q955655|Q955655]]
| ''[[:d:Q955655|municipality of Iceland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1143175|administrative division of Iceland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110071154|Q110071154]]
| ''[[:d:Q110071154|municipality of Illinois]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110071045|unit of local government in Illinois]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q19156|list of municipalities in Illinois]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112684326|Q112684326]]
| ''[[:d:Q112684326|municipality of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20110574|Q20110574]]
| ''[[:d:Q20110574|municipality of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1054813|Q1054813]]
| ''[[:d:Q1054813|municipality of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27116296|local public entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q210588|umbrella term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109279933|Q109279933]]
| ''[[:d:Q109279933|municipality of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989682|Q2989682]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989682|municipality of Kosovo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1057589|Administrative territorial entity of Kosovo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123680441|Q123680441]]
| ''[[:d:Q123680441|municipality of La Rioja]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q93296|list of municipalities in La Rioja]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6936383|Q6936383]]
| ''[[:d:Q6936383|municipality of Lebanon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631056|administrative territorial entity of Lebanon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15650103|Q15650103]]
| ''[[:d:Q15650103|municipality of Libya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16124843|Q16124843]]
| ''[[:d:Q16124843|municipality of Libya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q203300|Q203300]]
| ''[[:d:Q203300|municipality of Liechtenstein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623923|administrative territorial entity of Liechtenstein]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1363145|Q1363145]]
| ''[[:d:Q1363145|municipality of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q772123|administrative territorial entity of Lithuania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q21704873|list of municipalities of Lithuania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2919801|Q2919801]]
| ''[[:d:Q2919801|municipality of Luxembourg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2695008|administrative territorial entity of Luxembourg]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65648446|type of administrative division of Luxembourg]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17361234|Q17361234]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361234|municipality of Macau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131618150|Q131618150]]
| ''[[:d:Q131618150|municipality of Maryland]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q263137|list of municipalities in Maryland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1963041|Q1963041]]
| ''[[:d:Q1963041|municipality of Moldova]]''
| ''[[:d:Q542797|administrative territorial entity of Moldova]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q838549|Q838549]]
| ''[[:d:Q838549|municipality of Montenegro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15629195|administrative territorial entity of Montenegro]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56036687|Q56036687]]
| ''[[:d:Q56036687|municipality of Mozambique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631065|administrative territorial entity of Mozambique]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3867179|Q3867179]]
| ''[[:d:Q3867179|municipality of Naples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125577114|Q125577114]]
| ''[[:d:Q125577114|municipality of Navarre]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q93262|list of municipalities in Navarre]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3492039|Q3492039]]
| ''[[:d:Q3492039|municipality of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54115138|Q54115138]]
| ''[[:d:Q54115138|municipality of New Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q318727|Q318727]]
| ''[[:d:Q318727|municipality of Nicaragua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126956|administrative territorial entity of Nicaragua]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22116886|list of municipalities of Nicaragua]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q605291|Q605291]]
| ''[[:d:Q605291|municipality of Niger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683538|administrative territorial entity of Niger]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q646793|Q646793]]
| ''[[:d:Q646793|municipality of North Macedonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3395432|administrative territorial entity of North Macedonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q42808802|Anexo:Municipios de Macedonia del Norte]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q755707|Q755707]]
| ''[[:d:Q755707|municipality of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5803752|list of municipalities of Norway]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108569731|Q108569731]]
| ''[[:d:Q108569731|municipality of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q973386|list of municipalities in Ohio]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327899|Q3327899]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327899|municipality of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136721998|Q136721998]]
| ''[[:d:Q136721998|Municipality of Palestine type A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6936404|municipality of the State of Palestine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q917092|Q917092]]
| ''[[:d:Q917092|municipality of Paraguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374547|administrative territorial entity of Paraguay]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110076354|Q110076354]]
| ''[[:d:Q110076354|municipality of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13217644|Q13217644]]
| ''[[:d:Q13217644|municipality of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1633408|concelho]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41791733|statistical territorial entity of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1278294|list of municipalities of Portugal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q263639|Q263639]]
| ''[[:d:Q263639|municipality of Puerto Rico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22065637|administrative subdivision of Puerto Rico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q685320|Q685320]]
| ''[[:d:Q685320|municipality of Qatar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623966|administrative territorial entity of Qatar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14292916|Q14292916]]
| ''[[:d:Q14292916|municipality of San Marino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2490986|administrative territorial entity of San Marino]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108800505|Q108800505]]
| ''[[:d:Q108800505|municipality of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515483|baladiyya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6784672|Q6784672]]
| ''[[:d:Q6784672|municipality of Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q243669|subdivisions of Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2183520|obec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q328584|Q328584]]
| ''[[:d:Q328584|municipality of Slovenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3356100|administrative territorial entity of Slovenia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q22065491|list of municipalities of Slovenia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66126784|Q66126784]]
| ''[[:d:Q66126784|municipality of Sonora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1952852|municipalitate de Mexico]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1847301|list of municipalities of Sonora]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2666845|Q2666845]]
| ''[[:d:Q2666845|municipality of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683555|administrative territorial entity of South Africa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64515521|Q64515521]]
| ''[[:d:Q64515521|Municipality of South Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q70208|Q70208]]
| ''[[:d:Q70208|municipality of Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q689212|list of municipalities in Switzerland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2997091|Q2997091]]
| ''[[:d:Q2997091|municipality of Tamaulipas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1952852|municipalitate de Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q125576962|Q125576962]]
| ''[[:d:Q125576962|municipality of the Canary Islands]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q1840094|list of municipalities in Canary Islands]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35025175|Q35025175]]
| ''[[:d:Q35025175|Municipality of the Canton of the Grisons]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q673796|list of municipalities of the canton of Graubünden]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6005581|Q6005581]]
| ''[[:d:Q6005581|municipality of the Dominican Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17279557|administrative territorial entity of the Dominican Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q856079|Q856079]]
| ''[[:d:Q856079|municipality of the Faroe Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15729138|administrative territorial entity of the Faroe Islands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327903|Q3327903]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327903|municipality of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q902647|administrative territorial entity of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17268368|Q17268368]]
| ''[[:d:Q17268368|municipality of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2706302|municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65133814|Q65133814]]
| ''[[:d:Q65133814|municipality of the Independent State of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12644200|administrative division of the Independent State of Croatia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15621294|Q15621294]]
| ''[[:d:Q15621294|municipality of the Marshall Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15647623|administrative territorial entity of the Marshall Islands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2039348|Q2039348]]
| ''[[:d:Q2039348|municipality of the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q752132|list of municipalities of the Netherlands]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15613737|Q15613737]]
| ''[[:d:Q15613737|municipality of the Northern Mariana Islands]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24764|Q24764]]
| ''[[:d:Q24764|municipality of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3348189|list of cities and municipalities in the Philippines]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57315116|Q57315116]]
| ''[[:d:Q57315116|municipality of the Republika Srpska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2706302|municipality of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19849064|administrative territorial entity of Republika Srpska]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q933340|list of municipalities of Republika Srpska]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6936404|Q6936404]]
| ''[[:d:Q6936404|municipality of the State of Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18324095|administrative territorial entity of Palestine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41067667|Q41067667]]
| ''[[:d:Q41067667|municipality of Tunisia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631079|administrative territorial entity of Tunisia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q109108|list of cities in Tunisia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2460358|Q2460358]]
| ''[[:d:Q2460358|municipality of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123165444|Q123165444]]
| ''[[:d:Q123165444|municipality of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6629667|list of municipalities in Turkey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110977456|Q110977456]]
| ''[[:d:Q110977456|municipality of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3685434|Q3685434]]
| ''[[:d:Q3685434|municipality of Uruguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620020|administrative territorial entity of Uruguay]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327920|Q3327920]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327920|municipality of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18918041|Q18918041]]
| ''[[:d:Q18918041|municipality of West Bengal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q20824196|list of Municipalities in West Bengal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19889844|Q19889844]]
| ''[[:d:Q19889844|municipality or community of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34842776|Q34842776]]
| ''[[:d:Q34842776|municipality seat of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15303838|sede municipal]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2785216|Q2785216]]
| ''[[:d:Q2785216|municipality section]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28081313|Q28081313]]
| ''[[:d:Q28081313|municipality section]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2101494|Q2101494]]
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| [[Metaclasse]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7841907|Q7841907]]
| ''[[:d:Q7841907|municipality with authorized municipal office]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5153359|municipalitate del Republica Chec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15978299|Q15978299]]
| ''[[:d:Q15978299|municipality with town privileges in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5153359|municipalitate del Republica Chec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116457956|Q116457956]]
| ''[[:d:Q116457956|municipality without town privileges in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10423826|Q10423826]]
| ''[[:d:Q10423826|municipalità delle Azzorre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13217644|municipality of Portugal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3867183|Q3867183]]
| ''[[:d:Q3867183|municipalità of Venice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4992064|Q4992064]]
| ''[[:d:Q4992064|Municipalköping]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10571400|köping]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110655882|Q110655882]]
| ''[[:d:Q110655882|municipi de Dinamarca (1842-1970)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23036513|former municipality of Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q610625|Q610625]]
| ''[[:d:Q610625|Municipi of Milan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1763214|Q1763214]]
| ''[[:d:Q1763214|municipio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115740682|Q115740682]]
| ''[[:d:Q115740682|municipio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125577059|Q125577059]]
| ''[[:d:Q125577059|municipio de Madrid]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q93237|list of municipalities in Madrid]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125577083|Q125577083]]
| ''[[:d:Q125577083|municipio de Murcia]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q24051031|Anexo:Municipios de la Región de Murcia por altitud]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125577150|Q125577150]]
| ''[[:d:Q125577150|municipio del País Vasco]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3174789|list of municipalities in the Basque Country]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149795|Q28149795]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149795|Municipio I Centro Est]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149796|Q28149796]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149796|Municipio II Centro Ovest]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149797|Q28149797]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149797|Municipio III Bassa Val Bisagno]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149798|Q28149798]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149798|Municipio IV Media Val Bisagno]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149804|Q28149804]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149804|Municipio IX Levante]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q525504|Q525504]]
| ''[[:d:Q525504|municipio of Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1019982|subdivision of Rome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149799|Q28149799]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149799|Municipio V Valpolcevera]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149800|Q28149800]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149800|Municipio VI Medio Ponente]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q1410029|list of the municipi of Genoa]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149801|Q28149801]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149801|Municipio VII Ponente]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q1410029|list of the municipi of Genoa]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28149803|Q28149803]]
| ''[[:d:Q28149803|Municipio VIII Medio Levante]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20103881|Q20103881]]
| ''[[:d:Q20103881|Municipios de las Islas Baleares con la señera]]''
| [[municipalitates de Espania]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q640364|Q640364]]
| ''[[:d:Q640364|municipality of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q213468|Q213468]]
| ''[[:d:Q213468|municipium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98094452|Q98094452]]
| ''[[:d:Q98094452|munitions store]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2153495|ammunition dump]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q74303884|Q74303884]]
| ''[[:d:Q74303884|Munizipalgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31835971|Q31835971]]
| ''[[:d:Q31835971|Munizipalität]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11074107|Q11074107]]
| ''[[:d:Q11074107|Murong Yan]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q164950|dynastia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1589069|Q1589069]]
| ''[[:d:Q1589069|murus Gallicus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25527802|Q25527802]]
| ''[[:d:Q25527802|Muslim Board of Uzbekistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q779924|Q779924]]
| ''[[:d:Q779924|Muslim world]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15634953|Q15634953]]
| ''[[:d:Q15634953|Mutamadiyah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113389351|Q113389351]]
| ''[[:d:Q113389351|mutasarrifate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q483515|Q483515]]
| ''[[:d:Q483515|myeon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100998087|Q100998087]]
| ''[[:d:Q100998087|myriarchy]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11414697|Q11414697]]
| ''[[:d:Q11414697|myō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2029618|Q2029618]]
| ''[[:d:Q2029618|markaz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25506526|Q25506526]]
| ''[[:d:Q25506526|mägilinnus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25506537|ancient castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038523|Q112038523]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038523|Méier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3333855|Q3333855]]
| ''[[:d:Q3333855|métropole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18706073|public institution of intermunicipal cooperation with own taxation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18114025|Q18114025]]
| ''[[:d:Q18114025|místní část]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12039398|Q12039398]]
| ''[[:d:Q12039398|městská část]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107918234|Q107918234]]
| ''[[:d:Q107918234|městský obvod]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16155707|Q16155707]]
| ''[[:d:Q16155707|městys]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5153359|municipalitate del Republica Chec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18511725|urbe de mercato]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11092403|Q11092403]]
| ''[[:d:Q11092403|Mōan Subprefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65654791|Category:台灣日治時期的支廳]]''
| ''[[:d:Q850450|subprefecture of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20537078|Q20537078]]
| ''[[:d:Q20537078|national park of Croatia]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12797230|Q12797230]]
| ''[[:d:Q12797230|Naddekanat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124283008|Q124283008]]
| ''[[:d:Q124283008|Nadleśnictwo Ciechanów]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124288543|Q124288543]]
| ''[[:d:Q124288543|Nadleśnictwo Susz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62687|forestry agency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6520285|Q6520285]]
| ''[[:d:Q6520285|nadolba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2322432|Q2322432]]
| ''[[:d:Q2322432|Nagar Panchayat government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q115871265|urban local body in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11556597|Q11556597]]
| ''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124956992|Taikō Machiwari]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q882149|Q882149]]
| ''[[:d:Q882149|nagari of Sumatera Barat Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111165099|Q111165099]]
| ''[[:d:Q111165099|nagori of Simalungun Regency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24901650|Q24901650]]
| ''[[:d:Q24901650|Nagoya metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1214945|Q1214945]]
| ''[[:d:Q1214945|nagyközség]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2590631|municipality of Hungary]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1214947|Q1214947]]
| ''[[:d:Q1214947|nagyközség]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2590631|municipality of Hungary]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11642855|Q11642855]]
| ''[[:d:Q11642855|Naha metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1087624|Q1087624]]
| ''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1564271|Q1564271]]
| ''[[:d:Q1564271|nahiye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11366524|Q11366524]]
| ''[[:d:Q11366524|Nakasu-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046763|matsuri]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1511637|Q1511637]]
| ''[[:d:Q1511637|nanny state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q112662308|patronization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q965956|Q965956]]
| ''[[:d:Q965956|Nansana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26879763|Q26879763]]
| ''[[:d:Q26879763|Napoleonic client state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107102509|Q107102509]]
| ''[[:d:Q107102509|Narita metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4845841|Q4845841]]
| [[Naselje]]
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27676431|Q27676431]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676431|naskapi village municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4313916|Q4313916]]
| ''[[:d:Q4313916|Nasleg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1192440|history of the administrative division of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1376945|Administrative divisions of the Sakha Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q831048|Q831048]]
| ''[[:d:Q831048|Nassau-Hadamar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12817455|County of Nassau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q179671|Q179671]]
| ''[[:d:Q179671|nation state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2325086|state model]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56272151|Q56272151]]
| ''[[:d:Q56272151|National Airport Economic Demonstration Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127104|Q127104]]
| ''[[:d:Q127104|National Areas of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q406957|NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126127001|Q126127001]]
| ''[[:d:Q126127001|National Assembly constituency (Republic of China)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108178728|Q108178728]]
| ''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q35094|Lista de capitales de paises]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1066538|Q1066538]]
| ''[[:d:Q1066538|national central city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130382582|Q130382582]]
| ''[[:d:Q130382582|national defense university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q265662|national university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130388971|type of university]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1840504|Q1840504]]
| ''[[:d:Q1840504|National District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20719675|raion of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21758148|Q21758148]]
| ''[[:d:Q21758148|national district of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48948780|Q48948780]]
| ''[[:d:Q48948780|national districts of the Russian Federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3079027|Q3079027]]
| ''[[:d:Q3079027|national forest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q247409|forests in France]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2324919|state forest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8011197|Q8011197]]
| ''[[:d:Q8011197|national geopark of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1324355|geopark]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1275501|list of national geoparks of China]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1967269|Q1967269]]
| ''[[:d:Q1967269|National Guard Armory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1412205|armory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5307555|drill hall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11789735|Q11789735]]
| ''[[:d:Q11789735|national natural monument]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23790|natural monument]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1296040|Q1296040]]
| ''[[:d:Q1296040|national nature park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21009174|list of national parks in Ukraine]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106592151|Q106592151]]
| ''[[:d:Q106592151|national nature park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8545897|Q8545897]]
| ''[[:d:Q8545897|national nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q132196958|national nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12052978|lists of national nature reserves in the Czech Republic]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18379650|Q18379650]]
| ''[[:d:Q18379650|national nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20588567|protected area of Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132196958|national nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41760808|Q41760808]]
| ''[[:d:Q41760808|National okrug of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65770302|национальный округ в составе союзных республик СССР]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6979635|Q6979635]]
| ''[[:d:Q6979635|national parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q354009|Q354009]]
| ''[[:d:Q354009|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q483423|Q483423]]
| ''[[:d:Q483423|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22075361|list of national parks of the Republic of Ireland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q619483|Q619483]]
| ''[[:d:Q619483|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q943017|Q943017]]
| ''[[:d:Q943017|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19753982|nature park]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2828309|protected area of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19824847|list of national parks of France]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1071482|Q1071482]]
| ''[[:d:Q1071482|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q728904|nature park]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1316973|Q1316973]]
| ''[[:d:Q1316973|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q25429352|protected area of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22075324|list of national parks of Spain]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1814183|Q1814183]]
| ''[[:d:Q1814183|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1969171|Q1969171]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969171|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1565555|list of national parks of Montenegro]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2680298|Q2680298]]
| ''[[:d:Q2680298|national park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20503621|state park]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3220096|Q3220096]]
| ''[[:d:Q3220096|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1286517|natural landscape]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4362698|Q4362698]]
| ''[[:d:Q4362698|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3622110|protected area of Estonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16787365|list of national parks of Estonia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4435312|Q4435312]]
| ''[[:d:Q4435312|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1969169|list of national parks in North Macedonia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11876497|Q11876497]]
| ''[[:d:Q11876497|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q16362115|specially protected nature territories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14215551|Q14215551]]
| ''[[:d:Q14215551|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q375770|list of national parks of Finland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108042850|Q108042850]]
| ''[[:d:Q108042850|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q851043|list of national parks of Albania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108047890|Q108047890]]
| ''[[:d:Q108047890|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108051174|Q108051174]]
| ''[[:d:Q108051174|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q746800|list of national parks of Sweden]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108051693|Q108051693]]
| ''[[:d:Q108051693|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q280686|list of national parks of Belarus]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108052935|Q108052935]]
| ''[[:d:Q108052935|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108059517|Q108059517]]
| ''[[:d:Q108059517|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q375132|Nature conservation areas of Austria]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108059605|Q108059605]]
| ''[[:d:Q108059605|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q546249|list of national parks of Greece]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108059859|Q108059859]]
| ''[[:d:Q108059859|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q940368|list of national parks of Norway]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108060568|Q108060568]]
| ''[[:d:Q108060568|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q224942|list of national parks of Turkey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108060629|Q108060629]]
| ''[[:d:Q108060629|national park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136083525|specialized local administration of Bulgaria]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61140727|list of national parks of Bulgaria]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108060954|Q108060954]]
| ''[[:d:Q108060954|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q375678|list of national parks of Iceland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108062674|Q108062674]]
| ''[[:d:Q108062674|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4435307|National parks of Azerbaijan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108151554|Q108151554]]
| ''[[:d:Q108151554|national park]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135748113|Q135748113]]
| ''[[:d:Q135748113|National park]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q167946|list of national parks of Brazil]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123923573|Q123923573]]
| ''[[:d:Q123923573|National Park Flanders]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6974775|Q6974775]]
| ''[[:d:Q6974775|national park of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1479343|list of national parks of Argentina]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18618819|Q18618819]]
| ''[[:d:Q18618819|national park of Australia]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4435301|list of national parks of Australia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13058865|Q13058865]]
| ''[[:d:Q13058865|national park of Bangladesh]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1896949|Q1896949]]
| ''[[:d:Q1896949|national park of Canada]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2828312|protected area of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2291417|list of national parks of Canada]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1684144|Q1684144]]
| ''[[:d:Q1684144|national park of Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3917124|administrative territorial entity of Costa Rica]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2404686|Q2404686]]
| ''[[:d:Q2404686|national park of Ecuador]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15645212|administrative territorial entity of Ecuador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q108808348|Q108808348]]
| ''[[:d:Q108808348|national park of El Salvador]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108808379|protected area of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6630198|list of national parks of El Salvador]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q485098|Q485098]]
| ''[[:d:Q485098|national park of England and Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q354009|national park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q6630200|Q6630200]]
| ''[[:d:Q6630200|national park of Gabon]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7631046|administrative territorial entity of Gabon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1969136|Q1969136]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969136|national park of Ghana]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15045746|administrative territorial entity of Ghana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q3131754|Q3131754]]
| ''[[:d:Q3131754|national park of Guatemala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2836357|administrative territorial entity of Guatemala]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q393259|Q393259]]
| ''[[:d:Q393259|national park of Indonesia]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7251271|protected area of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q18618822|Q18618822]]
| ''[[:d:Q18618822|national park of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18618843|Q18618843]]
| ''[[:d:Q18618843|national park of Lesotho]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2878104|administrative territorial entity of Lesotho]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18349163|Q18349163]]
| ''[[:d:Q18349163|national park of Mauritius]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5283489|administrative territorial entity of Mauritius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q56809587|Q56809587]]
| ''[[:d:Q56809587|National Park of Mexico]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q941143|list of national parks of Mexico]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56115294|Q56115294]]
| ''[[:d:Q56115294|national park of Mozambique]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3252913|Q3252913]]
| ''[[:d:Q3252913|national park of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1847460|Q1847460]]
| ''[[:d:Q1847460|national park of Paraguay]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10374547|administrative territorial entity of Paraguay]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q20488347|Q20488347]]
| ''[[:d:Q20488347|national park of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q130959|list of national parks of Peru]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1969226|Q1969226]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969226|national park of Russia]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1959314|protected area of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3997444|Q3997444]]
| ''[[:d:Q3997444|national park of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q354009|national park]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18618841|Q18618841]]
| ''[[:d:Q18618841|national park of Senegal]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6630207|Q6630207]]
| ''[[:d:Q6630207|national park of Seychelles]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5937006|administrative territorial entity of Seychelles]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q16150156|Q16150156]]
| ''[[:d:Q16150156|national park of Somalia]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q878116|administrative territorial entity of Somalia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1364273|Q1364273]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364273|national park of South Africa]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4683555|administrative territorial entity of South Africa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3622113|protected area of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q497829|Q497829]]
| ''[[:d:Q497829|national park of South Korea]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q697764|Q697764]]
| ''[[:d:Q697764|National park of Taiwan]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q21652210|protected area of Taiwan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12005215|Q12005215]]
| ''[[:d:Q12005215|national park of Tanzania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q867371|administrative territorial entity of Tanzania]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q95080679|Q95080679]]
| ''[[:d:Q95080679|national park of Thailand]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q1969240|list of national park of Thailand]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20488952|Q20488952]]
| ''[[:d:Q20488952|national park of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q48903613|list of national parks of China]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34918903|Q34918903]]
| ''[[:d:Q34918903|National Park of the United States]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q30304302|National Park System unit]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q5408678|list of national parks of the United States]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18618832|Q18618832]]
| ''[[:d:Q18618832|national park of Uganda]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122395435|Q122395435]]
| ''[[:d:Q122395435|national park of Vietnam]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q122395553|protected area of Vietnam]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q936738|list of national parks of Vietnam]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3252908|Q3252908]]
| ''[[:d:Q3252908|national park of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20526152|Q20526152]]
| ''[[:d:Q20526152|national parkin Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1216731|protected areas of Hungary]]''<br/>[[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1095271|list of national parks of Hungary]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6979639|Q6979639]]
| ''[[:d:Q6979639|National parks in Hokkaido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1071482|national park]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21679450|Q21679450]]
| ''[[:d:Q21679450|national parks of Armenia]]''
| [[parco national]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11811687|Q11811687]]
| ''[[:d:Q11811687|national parks of Asia]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q27096235|artificial geographic entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20136634|Wikipedia overview article]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11811686|Q11811686]]
| ''[[:d:Q11811686|national parks of Europe]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q27096235|artificial geographic entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20136634|Wikipedia overview article]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1317754|Q1317754]]
| ''[[:d:Q1317754|National Parks of Poland]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3564598|protected area of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22075322|list of national parks of Poland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q841646|Q841646]]
| ''[[:d:Q841646|national preserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30304302|National Park System unit]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22082217|Q22082217]]
| ''[[:d:Q22082217|national redoubt]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6978070|Q6978070]]
| ''[[:d:Q6978070|National Reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28517531|Q28517531]]
| ''[[:d:Q28517531|national territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10594812|Q10594812]]
| ''[[:d:Q10594812|national urban park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q22746|urban park]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26810467|Q26810467]]
| ''[[:d:Q26810467|national urban park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1896949|national park of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22746|urban park]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35078027|Q35078027]]
| ''[[:d:Q35078027|national wildlife refuge complex]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28777651|group of protected areas]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1968322|Q1968322]]
| ''[[:d:Q1968322|Nationales Naturmonument]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23790|natural monument]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3337001|Q3337001]]
| ''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]''
| ''[[:d:Q930933|relation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21815132|Q21815132]]
| ''[[:d:Q21815132|Nationalpark]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q349953|list of national parks of Germany]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16211218|Q16211218]]
| ''[[:d:Q16211218|Native settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11914873|Q11914873]]
| ''[[:d:Q11914873|natural comarques of Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q937876|comarca of Catalonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1970725|natural region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20102311|Q20102311]]
| ''[[:d:Q20102311|natural comarques of the Valencian Community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345234|comarca of Spain]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q102227438|Q102227438]]
| ''[[:d:Q102227438|natural fortification]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21100463|Q21100463]]
| ''[[:d:Q21100463|natural monument in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23790|natural monument]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20488229|Q20488229]]
| ''[[:d:Q20488229|natural park in Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3364919|protected area of Cameroon]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129087331|Q129087331]]
| ''[[:d:Q129087331|natural village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7930709|village community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13100073|village of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30748949|Q30748949]]
| ''[[:d:Q30748949|Naturalization in handball]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]''
| ''[[:d:Q841440|naturalization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6980841|Q6980841]]
| ''[[:d:Q6980841|naturally occurring retirement community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1269448|retirement community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1627961|Q1627961]]
| ''[[:d:Q1627961|nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23073760|Q23073760]]
| ''[[:d:Q23073760|nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3622115|protected area of New South Wales]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q52063702|protected area of Tasmania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q52063651|protected area of Western Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q52063668|protected area of Australian Capital Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6980979|Q6980979]]
| ''[[:d:Q6980979|nature reserve in Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q61105239|Q61105239]]
| ''[[:d:Q61105239|nature reserve in North Rhine - Westphalia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28942368|Q28942368]]
| ''[[:d:Q28942368|nature reserve of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3622115|protected area of New South Wales]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20354035|Q20354035]]
| ''[[:d:Q20354035|Naturpark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q728904|nature park]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1847560|list of nature parks in Germany]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q759421|Q759421]]
| ''[[:d:Q759421|Naturschutzgebiet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1898357|Q1898357]]
| ''[[:d:Q1898357|naval academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1715155|maritime college]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137222271|naval force university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42058997|Q42058997]]
| ''[[:d:Q42058997|naval academy of the German Armed Forces]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1898357|naval academy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2886556|Q2886556]]
| ''[[:d:Q2886556|naval aeronautics base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21601954|Q21601954]]
| ''[[:d:Q21601954|naval air auxiliary station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6981985|naval air station]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6981985|Q6981985]]
| ''[[:d:Q6981985|naval air station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7619063|naval shore establishment]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1745026|Q1745026]]
| ''[[:d:Q1745026|naval arsenal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q190928|shipyard]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137222220|Q137222220]]
| ''[[:d:Q137222220|naval aviation university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137222214|military aviation university]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137222271|naval force university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130388971|type of university]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15888096|Q15888096]]
| ''[[:d:Q15888096|Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13226383|facility]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1324633|Q1324633]]
| ''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>[[Porto]]
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7619063|Q7619063]]
| ''[[:d:Q7619063|naval shore establishment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55624858|Q55624858]]
| ''[[:d:Q55624858|naval station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11559274|Q11559274]]
| ''[[:d:Q11559274|naval watchtower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498936|Q101498936]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498936|Nebraska Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499062|Q101499062]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499062|Nebraska Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1400160|Q1400160]]
| ''[[:d:Q1400160|neck ditch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88480|moat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25506523|Q25506523]]
| ''[[:d:Q25506523|neemiklinnus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25506537|ancient castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2417776|Q2417776]]
| ''[[:d:Q2417776|Negara]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97202782|Q97202782]]
| ''[[:d:Q97202782|negeri of Maluku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24442740|desa adat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24442659|Q24442659]]
| ''[[:d:Q24442659|negeri adat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24442740|desa adat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97307182|Q97307182]]
| ''[[:d:Q97307182|negeri administratif of Maluku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122851393|Q122851393]]
| ''[[:d:Q122851393|negorij]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129381571|Q129381571]]
| ''[[:d:Q129381571|Neighborhood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11639125|Q11639125]]
| ''[[:d:Q11639125|Neighborhood Commercial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6988044|Q6988044]]
| ''[[:d:Q6988044|neighborhood council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4358176|council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22078089|Q22078089]]
| ''[[:d:Q22078089|Neighborhood councils of Los Angeles]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6988044|neighborhood council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136340116|Q136340116]]
| ''[[:d:Q136340116|neighborhood in Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124072717|Q124072717]]
| ''[[:d:Q124072717|neighborhood in Fortaleza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19658107|neighborhood of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21326003|administrative territorial entity of Fortaleza]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q10305756|list of neighborhoods in Fortaleza]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65948724|Q65948724]]
| ''[[:d:Q65948724|neighborhood in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107816032|Q107816032]]
| ''[[:d:Q107816032|neighborhood in Somerville]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48098186|Q48098186]]
| ''[[:d:Q48098186|neighborhood in Zaragoza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19658107|Q19658107]]
| ''[[:d:Q19658107|neighborhood of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16837104|bairro]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113496174|Q113496174]]
| ''[[:d:Q113496174|neighborhood of Bremen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q851517|Q851517]]
| ''[[:d:Q851517|neighborhood of Buenos Aires]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20045441|administrative territorial entity of Buenos Aires]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123352437|Q123352437]]
| ''[[:d:Q123352437|neighborhood of Córdoba]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12054099|Q12054099]]
| ''[[:d:Q12054099|neighborhood of Jerusalem]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q60198523|list of neighborhoods in Jerusalem]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93664896|Q93664896]]
| ''[[:d:Q93664896|neighborhood of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10267336|Q10267336]]
| ''[[:d:Q10267336|neighborhood of Madrid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17276937|ward of Madrid]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q43026018|list of wards of Madrid]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136340453|Q136340453]]
| ''[[:d:Q136340453|neighborhood of Medellín]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136340116|neighborhood in Colombia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q808954|list of neighborhoods of Medellín]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17015330|Q17015330]]
| ''[[:d:Q17015330|neighborhood of Minneapolis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832914|defined community of Minneapolis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28372019|Q28372019]]
| ''[[:d:Q28372019|neighborhood of Yemen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20968646|Q20968646]]
| ''[[:d:Q20968646|neighborhood or historical district of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3075872|Q3075872]]
| ''[[:d:Q3075872|neighbourhood democratic council of Guyana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19904526|administrative territorial entity of Guyana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q134416438|Q134416438]]
| ''[[:d:Q134416438|neighbourhood in Karlovac]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683285|Q20683285]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683285|neighbourhood in Rio de Janeiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19658107|neighborhood of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112038188|administrative territorial entity of the city of Rio de Janeiro]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137261992|Q137261992]]
| ''[[:d:Q137261992|neighbourhood in Samobor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135005688|Q135005688]]
| ''[[:d:Q135005688|neighbourhood in Vinkovci]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65153109|Local board]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15715406|Q15715406]]
| ''[[:d:Q15715406|neighbourhood of Helsinki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3177944|administrative territorial entity of Helsinki]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136997911|Q136997911]]
| ''[[:d:Q136997911|neighbourhood of Quebec City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19886692|Q19886692]]
| ''[[:d:Q19886692|neighbourhood of São Paulo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19658107|neighborhood of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1007114|administrative territorial entity of São Paulo City]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1216443|Q1216443]]
| ''[[:d:Q1216443|nemes város]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965936|Q65965936]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965936|NENE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965928|Q65965928]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965928|NENW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965938|Q65965938]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965938|NESE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965930|Q65965930]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965930|NESW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15836573|Q15836573]]
| ''[[:d:Q15836573|Neubrandenburg city gates]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q185963|Q185963]]
| ''[[:d:Q185963|neutral country]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q9049677|neutrality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16969638|Q16969638]]
| ''[[:d:Q16969638|neutral powers during World War II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185963|neutral country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109473326|country in World War II]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4316478|Q4316478]]
| ''[[:d:Q4316478|neutral territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109070198|Q109070198]]
| ''[[:d:Q109070198|neutral waters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q213204|territorial sea]]''
| [[lege]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20257582|Q20257582]]
| ''[[:d:Q20257582|neutral zone]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4316478|neutral territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113635745|Q113635745]]
| ''[[:d:Q113635745|neutraliteitsbunker]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498941|Q101498941]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498941|Nevada Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499066|Q101499066]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499066|Nevada Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55737404|Q55737404]]
| ''[[:d:Q55737404|New Capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15840617|planned national capital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q129267212|administrative capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110256333|Q110256333]]
| ''[[:d:Q110256333|new city of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1074523|planned community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2154459|Q2154459]]
| ''[[:d:Q2154459|New England town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498867|Q101498867]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498867|New Hampshire Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498978|Q101498978]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498978|New Hampshire Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498869|Q101498869]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498869|New Jersey Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498980|Q101498980]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498980|New Jersey Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498940|Q101498940]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498940|New Mexico Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499065|Q101499065]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499065|New Mexico Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7010135|Q7010135]]
| ''[[:d:Q7010135|New Mexico's congressional districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q505410|congressional district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138646015|Q138646015]]
| ''[[:d:Q138646015|New Technology Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28656402|Q28656402]]
| ''[[:d:Q28656402|new town in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498872|Q101498872]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498872|New York Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498984|Q101498984]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498984|New York Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3382900|Q3382900]]
| ''[[:d:Q3382900|New Zealand electorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119828733|Q119828733]]
| ''[[:d:Q119828733|newly independent state]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q376860|Q376860]]
| ''[[:d:Q376860|newly industrialized country]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132189864|Q132189864]]
| ''[[:d:Q132189864|Ngagara district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56836942|Q56836942]]
| ''[[:d:Q56836942|Nidos de ametralladoras como "Barbet" (KiUR)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4383575|machine gun nest]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2702177|Q2702177]]
| ''[[:d:Q2702177|Nielsendistrict]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11503605|Q11503605]]
| ''[[:d:Q11503605|Niigata metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17000640|Q17000640]]
| ''[[:d:Q17000640|Nineteen Counties]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15643578|county of New South Wales]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3338777|Q3338777]]
| ''[[:d:Q3338777|Ninth constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115791821|Q115791821]]
| ''[[:d:Q115791821|Nisga'a village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2882257|First Nation band]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11629036|Q11629036]]
| ''[[:d:Q11629036|Nishi-nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1749262|Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11408956|Hakata Matsubayashi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11556597|Nagare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13430821|crowd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1046763|matsuri]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q132241|festival]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10601439|Q10601439]]
| ''[[:d:Q10601439|Nizamat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55595252|Q55595252]]
| ''[[:d:Q55595252|Nièvre's constituencies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q773403|Q773403]]
| ''[[:d:Q773403|no man's land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26883974|Q26883974]]
| ''[[:d:Q26883974|nomadic confederacy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2495771|Q2495771]]
| ''[[:d:Q2495771|nomadic empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q223706|Q223706]]
| ''[[:d:Q223706|nome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4435370|liste de nomes de l'Ancienne Égypte]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112134481|Q112134481]]
| ''[[:d:Q112134481|nomination district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12340483|constituency in Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7048848|Q7048848]]
| ''[[:d:Q7048848|non-belligerent]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1298804|Q1298804]]
| ''[[:d:Q1298804|non-commissioned officer academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2498607|Q2498607]]
| ''[[:d:Q2498607|non-commissioned officer school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15852173|Q15852173]]
| ''[[:d:Q15852173|non-commissioned officer school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7048928|Q7048928]]
| ''[[:d:Q7048928|Non-high school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q769603|Q769603]]
| ''[[:d:Q769603|non-metropolitan county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643815|metropolitan or non-metropolitan county of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21272231|county council area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1136601|unitary authority area]]''<br/>[[Contato (Anglaterra)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110417190|Q110417190]]
| ''[[:d:Q110417190|non-metropolitan county council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4321471|county council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1187580|Q1187580]]
| ''[[:d:Q1187580|non-metropolitan district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q349084|district of England]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21561306|Q21561306]]
| ''[[:d:Q21561306|non-metropolitan district council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16690653|district council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115988085|Q115988085]]
| ''[[:d:Q115988085|non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61964031|member of the United Nations Security Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2628882|legal status]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15642566|Q15642566]]
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10533490|Q10533490]]
| ''[[:d:Q10533490|non-territorial parishes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140395501|Q140395501]]
| ''[[:d:Q140395501|non-urban parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6063801|parish of Venezuela]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119831007|Q119831007]]
| ''[[:d:Q119831007|nonaligned country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2940914|Q2940914]]
| ''[[:d:Q2940914|Norcon pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10603039|Q10603039]]
| ''[[:d:Q10603039|Norska gränsfästningarna]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498865|Q101498865]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498865|North Carolina Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498975|Q101498975]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498975|North Carolina Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498933|Q101498933]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498933|North Dakota Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499059|Q101499059]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499059|North Dakota Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115662966|Q115662966]]
| ''[[:d:Q115662966|northern community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116196862|Q116196862]]
| ''[[:d:Q116196862|northern hamlet of Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25462511|Q25462511]]
| ''[[:d:Q25462511|Northern Military Region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51992008|Military region of Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559003|Q3559003]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559003|northern village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115861271|Q115861271]]
| ''[[:d:Q115861271|northern village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6644778|village in Saskatchewan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4464237|Q4464237]]
| ''[[:d:Q4464237|notified area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4144830|Q4144830]]
| ''[[:d:Q4144830|NPP satellite city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q691960|satellite city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106317256|Q106317256]]
| ''[[:d:Q106317256|nuclear arsenal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127386657|Q127386657]]
| ''[[:d:Q127386657|nucleus of singular population entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137800118|Q137800118]]
| ''[[:d:Q137800118|nucli de població intermunicipal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11554545|Q11554545]]
| ''[[:d:Q11554545|Numazu metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q688292|Q688292]]
| [[Nuraghes]]
| [[Turre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q53336805|megalithic site]]''<br/>[[Megalitho]]<br/>[[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135528819|Q135528819]]
| ''[[:d:Q135528819|Nuraghi della provincia del Medio Campidano]]''
| [[Nuraghes]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15212617|Q15212617]]
| ''[[:d:Q15212617|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965932|Q65965932]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965932|NWNE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965923|Q65965923]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965923|NWNW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965934|Q65965934]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965934|NWSE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965926|Q65965926]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965926|NWSW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21995059|Q21995059]]
| ''[[:d:Q21995059|náboženská obec Církve československé husitské]]''
| ''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1989839|kirch]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18693288|Q18693288]]
| ''[[:d:Q18693288|Näin naapurissa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q823175|Finlandization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7281191|radio propaganda]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54913594|Q54913594]]
| ''[[:d:Q54913594|núcleo colonial]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131596|farm]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3880437|Q3880437]]
| ''[[:d:Q3880437|Oba]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2183520|Q2183520]]
| ''[[:d:Q2183520|obec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112893163|Q112893163]]
| ''[[:d:Q112893163|obec bez stejnojmenného sídla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136674243|Q136674243]]
| ''[[:d:Q136674243|Oberamt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1319937|Q1319937]]
| ''[[:d:Q1319937|Oberamt (Baden)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136674243|Oberamt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2008916|Q2008916]]
| ''[[:d:Q2008916|Oberamt (Hohenzollern)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136674243|Oberamt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2008919|Q2008919]]
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136674243|Oberamt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1702612|Q1702612]]
| ''[[:d:Q1702612|Oberamt (Württemberg)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136674243|Oberamt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47464091|Q47464091]]
| ''[[:d:Q47464091|Oberamt Alzey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1623848|Q1623848]]
| ''[[:d:Q1623848|Oberamt Bretten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16320522|Q16320522]]
| ''[[:d:Q16320522|Oberamt Heidelberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15837230|Q15837230]]
| ''[[:d:Q15837230|Oberamt Kreuznach]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2008972|Q2008972]]
| ''[[:d:Q2008972|Oberamt Ladenburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47512910|Q47512910]]
| ''[[:d:Q47512910|Oberamt Lautern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1749818|Q1749818]]
| ''[[:d:Q1749818|Oberamt Lindenfels]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
| [[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2009008|Q2009008]]
| ''[[:d:Q2009008|Oberamt Oppenheim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q968398|Q968398]]
| ''[[:d:Q968398|Oberamt Otzberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2008919|Oberamt (Kurpfalz)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110519788|Q110519788]]
| ''[[:d:Q110519788|Oberbergamtsbezirk]]''
| [[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99528969|Q99528969]]
| ''[[:d:Q99528969|Obervogtei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98543318|Vogtei]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q171308|Q171308]]
| [[oblast]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3348196|Q3348196]]
| ''[[:d:Q3348196|oblast de Ukraina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q84823091|region of Ukraine]]''<br/>[[oblast]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| division administrative ukrainian del prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q18285142|Q18285142]]
| ''[[:d:Q18285142|oblast of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>[[oblast]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q209824|Q209824]]
| ''[[:d:Q209824|oblast of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374501|administrative territorial entity of Bulgaria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[oblast]]<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91610157|Q91610157]]
| ''[[:d:Q91610157|oblast of Bulgaria pre 1999]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374501|administrative territorial entity of Bulgaria]]''<br/>[[oblast]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41763771|Q41763771]]
| ''[[:d:Q41763771|oblast of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]''
| [[oblast]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7075127|Q7075127]]
| ''[[:d:Q7075127|oblast of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q35016965|list of oblasts of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18285132|Q18285132]]
| ''[[:d:Q18285132|oblast of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285142|oblast of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q835714|Q835714]]
| ''[[:d:Q835714|oblastes de Russia]]''
| [[oblast]]<br/>''[[:d:Q43263|federal subject of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| regiones administrative de Russia
|-
| [[:d:Q2012859|Q2012859]]
| ''[[:d:Q2012859|Obmannschaft (Verwaltung)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11657067|Q11657067]]
| ''[[:d:Q11657067|observation bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q163021|observation post]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q163021|Q163021]]
| ''[[:d:Q163021|observation post]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1440300|Q1440300]]
| ''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
| [[Turre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6017969|scenic viewpoint]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q570116|attraction touristic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q163021|observation post]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1038910|Q1038910]]
| ''[[:d:Q1038910|obshchina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q177634|community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8731159|Q8731159]]
| ''[[:d:Q8731159|occupation zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2577883|Q2577883]]
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123614767|occupied location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125613693|Q125613693]]
| ''[[:d:Q125613693|ochavo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115742987|Q115742987]]
| ''[[:d:Q115742987|ocres]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11463006|Q11463006]]
| ''[[:d:Q11463006|Odawara metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113489728|Q113489728]]
| ''[[:d:Q113489728|OECD country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
| [[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13473501|collective]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20858175|Q20858175]]
| ''[[:d:Q20858175|off-reservation trust land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12622609|Q12622609]]
| ''[[:d:Q12622609|officer candidate school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2023606|education program]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115761265|Q115761265]]
| ''[[:d:Q115761265|officers' quarters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q64490328|military housing]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117214267|Q117214267]]
| ''[[:d:Q117214267|official city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[citate]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140798189|Q140798189]]
| ''[[:d:Q140798189|officials’ colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642599|urban district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2015912|Q2015912]]
| ''[[:d:Q2015912|Offizierhochschule of former DDR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11558727|Q11558727]]
| ''[[:d:Q11558727|offshore city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q205181|Q205181]]
| ''[[:d:Q205181|offshore financial centre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1066984|financial center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498888|Q101498888]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498888|Ohio Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498997|Q101498997]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498997|Ohio Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137856266|Q137856266]]
| ''[[:d:Q137856266|ohoi of Maluku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11472765|Q11472765]]
| ''[[:d:Q11472765|Okayama metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11553014|Q11553014]]
| ''[[:d:Q11553014|Okinawa metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498943|Q101498943]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498943|Oklahoma Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499070|Q101499070]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499070|Oklahoma Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116993849|Q116993849]]
| ''[[:d:Q116993849|okol]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763545|ținut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q163359|local administrative unit in the NUTS system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1316264|Q1316264]]
| ''[[:d:Q1316264|Okolia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q770948|Q770948]]
| ''[[:d:Q770948|okres]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1427085|Q1427085]]
| ''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47530274|Q47530274]]
| ''[[:d:Q47530274|okrug of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1427085|okrug]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18285133|Q18285133]]
| ''[[:d:Q18285133|okrug of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65770174|округ в составе союзных республик СССР]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18071983|Q18071983]]
| ''[[:d:Q18071983|okrug of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16934408|Q16934408]]
| ''[[:d:Q16934408|okrug of the Ukrainian SSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2037172|administrative territorial entity of the Ukrainian SSR]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4266755|Q4266755]]
| ''[[:d:Q4266755|okruha of the Ukrainian SSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2037172|administrative territorial entity of the Ukrainian SSR]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18071983|okrug of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67206109|Q67206109]]
| ''[[:d:Q67206109|Old Catholic diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11511006|Q11511006]]
| ''[[:d:Q11511006|old provincial name]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11420631|choronym]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q676050|Q676050]]
| ''[[:d:Q676050|old town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1497375|architectural ensemble]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138632518|Q138632518]]
| ''[[:d:Q138632518|old towns of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q676050|old town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12501690|Q12501690]]
| ''[[:d:Q12501690|Onderafdeling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1824065|Afdeling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7096347|Q7096347]]
| ''[[:d:Q7096347|open constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2052748|Q2052748]]
| ''[[:d:Q2052748|Open economic zone (China)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q319382|Q319382]]
| ''[[:d:Q319382|open prison]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1140316|penal colony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124418994|Q124418994]]
| ''[[:d:Q124418994|openbaar lichaam voor beroep en bedrijf]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47868009|Q47868009]]
| ''[[:d:Q47868009|Operational Headquarters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7540126|headquarters]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q192601|Q192601]]
| ''[[:d:Q192601|oppidum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q159313|urban agglomeration]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21146257|type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20820038|Q20820038]]
| ''[[:d:Q20820038|Oppidum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106517174|Q106517174]]
| ''[[:d:Q106517174|Option municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418640|local government in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110266204|Q110266204]]
| ''[[:d:Q110266204|optional charter municipality of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110266206|Q110266206]]
| ''[[:d:Q110266206|optional plan municipality of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q572975|Q572975]]
| ''[[:d:Q572975|opština]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q365216|Q365216]]
| ''[[:d:Q365216|Ordensburg]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q350509|Q350509]]
| ''[[:d:Q350509|ordinariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7100806|Q7100806]]
| ''[[:d:Q7100806|Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350509|ordinariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2665272|Ecclesiastical circumscription immediately subject to the Holy See]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12149173|Q12149173]]
| ''[[:d:Q12149173|ore district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56313614|Q56313614]]
| ''[[:d:Q56313614|ore field]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12149173|ore district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93829163|Q93829163]]
| ''[[:d:Q93829163|ore-mining region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498946|Q101498946]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498946|Oregon Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499072|Q101499072]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499072|Oregon Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17092254|Q17092254]]
| ''[[:d:Q17092254|organ of the African Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q118326166|منظمة أسسها الاتحاد الإفريقي]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4120211|regional organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23795302|Q23795302]]
| [[Organisation territorial del Union Europee]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16614157|Q16614157]]
| ''[[:d:Q16614157|organisation territoriale de la Fédération de Bosnie-Herzégovine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115865269|Q115865269]]
| ''[[:d:Q115865269|organized hamlet of Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1620919|Q1620919]]
| ''[[:d:Q1620919|organized incorporated territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96196667|organized territory of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q86098365|currently empty class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96196667|Q96196667]]
| ''[[:d:Q96196667|organized territory of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6469514|Q6469514]]
| ''[[:d:Q6469514|Oriental Orthodox diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727952|Q59727952]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727952|orile iganmu, Lagos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108532108|Q108532108]]
| ''[[:d:Q108532108|Orthodox parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129349668|Q129349668]]
| ''[[:d:Q129349668|Ortodoksinen kirkko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20820021|ecclesiastical municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q163301|Q163301]]
| ''[[:d:Q163301|Ortsbezirk of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11183787|Q11183787]]
| ''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105254117|Q105254117]]
| ''[[:d:Q105254117|Ortschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136431832|Q136431832]]
| ''[[:d:Q136431832|Ortschaft (Niedersachsen)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q692680|Q692680]]
| ''[[:d:Q692680|Ortsgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41778911|Q41778911]]
| ''[[:d:Q41778911|Ortsgemeinde of Rhineland-Palatinate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q692680|Ortsgemeinde]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q253019|Q253019]]
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2277441|Q2277441]]
| ''[[:d:Q2277441|osiedle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30575987|Q30575987]]
| ''[[:d:Q30575987|Osowiec Fortress]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811165|architectural heritage monument]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90668|Q90668]]
| ''[[:d:Q90668|ostrog]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133796199|Q133796199]]
| ''[[:d:Q133796199|Ot'ezjee pole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1678262|hunting ground]]''<br/>[[Chassa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11430407|Q11430407]]
| ''[[:d:Q11430407|outer castle system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17484900|Q17484900]]
| ''[[:d:Q17484900|Outer islands of Mauritius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5283489|administrative territorial entity of Mauritius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1321241|Q1321241]]
| ''[[:d:Q1321241|outpost]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q506593|Q506593]]
| ''[[:d:Q506593|Outremer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2248015|Q2248015]]
| ''[[:d:Q2248015|overflow municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12031406|Q12031406]]
| ''[[:d:Q12031406|overhang]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41792036|Q41792036]]
| ''[[:d:Q41792036|oversea province of Spain]]''
| [[provincias de Espania]]
| ''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6248917|Q6248917]]
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46999898|Q46999898]]
| ''[[:d:Q46999898|overseas constituency of the Italian Parliament]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43957010|constituency of the Italian Chamber of Deputies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3078827|Q3078827]]
| ''[[:d:Q3078827|overseas country of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q203396|Q203396]]
| ''[[:d:Q203396|Overseas France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5260675|Q5260675]]
| ''[[:d:Q5260675|overseas military bases of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134150117|foreign military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q124217375|Q124217375]]
| ''[[:d:Q124217375|overseas military bases of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134150117|foreign military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24885778|Q24885778]]
| ''[[:d:Q24885778|overseas military bases of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134150117|foreign military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q333542|Q333542]]
| ''[[:d:Q333542|overseas province of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q86098365|currently empty class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28332|Q28332]]
| ''[[:d:Q28332|overseas region]]''
| [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q203396|Overseas France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136659274|Q136659274]]
| ''[[:d:Q136659274|overseas territories of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107721276|overseas territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q207520|region of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q278331|list of territories acquired by the Empire of Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2327385|Q2327385]]
| ''[[:d:Q2327385|overseas territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203396|Overseas France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107721276|Q107721276]]
| ''[[:d:Q107721276|overseas territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3360045|Q3360045]]
| ''[[:d:Q3360045|Pachalik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1436282|Q1436282]]
| ''[[:d:Q1436282|Pagus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129349635|Q129349635]]
| ''[[:d:Q129349635|Paikallisyhteisö]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6256|Q6256]]
| [[pais]]
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15304003|Q15304003]]
| ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
| pais constituente del Regno del Paises Basse
|-
| [[:d:Q51576574|Q51576574]]
| ''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''
| [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4809248|list of Mediterranean countries]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123480|Q123480]]
| ''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''
| [[pais]]<br/>[[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1323642|Q1323642]]
| [[pais transcontinental]]
| [[pais]]
| ''[[:d:Q66747521|geography term]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113237304|list of transcontinental countries]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1451600|Q1451600]]
| [[Paises e territorios de ultramar]]
| [[stato membro del Union Europee]]
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4342434|Q4342434]]
| ''[[:d:Q4342434|Palanka]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q326359|Q326359]]
| ''[[:d:Q326359|Palatinate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90680|Q90680]]
| ''[[:d:Q90680|palazzo in fortezza]]''
| [[palatio]]<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90685|Q90685]]
| ''[[:d:Q90685|palisade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6174014|Q6174014]]
| ''[[:d:Q6174014|Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7128307|Q7128307]]
| ''[[:d:Q7128307|Palmerston Forts]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25470007|Q25470007]]
| ''[[:d:Q25470007|Pangkalan TNI Angkatan Laut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96398351|Q96398351]]
| ''[[:d:Q96398351|Panipat Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6936225|Municipal Corporation (India)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1777164|Q1777164]]
| ''[[:d:Q1777164|Panzerstraße]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11802771|Q11802771]]
| ''[[:d:Q11802771|panzerwerk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1758728|isolated fortification]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7132722|Q7132722]]
| ''[[:d:Q7132722|paper township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q931483|legal fiction]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97379972|Q97379972]]
| ''[[:d:Q97379972|parallel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4068248|trench warfare]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16972998|Q16972998]]
| ''[[:d:Q16972998|parallel state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46169|Q46169]]
| [[parco national]]
| [[parco]]<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q62059246|public reserve]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137393561|type of park]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7141447|Q7141447]]
| ''[[:d:Q7141447|Paréage of Andorra 1278]]''
| ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2051473|Paréage]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131544969|Q131544969]]
| ''[[:d:Q131544969|Parent state]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1422653|top-level umbrella organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3351566|Q3351566]]
| ''[[:d:Q3351566|Pargana]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3303230|Q3303230]]
| ''[[:d:Q3303230|pariah state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q180928|Q180928]]
| ''[[:d:Q180928|Paris districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123461448|subdivision of Paris]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q102496|Q102496]]
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4976993|Q4976993]]
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7137411|Q7137411]]
| ''[[:d:Q7137411|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13358519|Q13358519]]
| ''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q122754124|ambiguous Wikidata item]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106458918|Q106458918]]
| ''[[:d:Q106458918|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135112192|Q135112192]]
| ''[[:d:Q135112192|parish annex]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76598130|Q76598130]]
| ''[[:d:Q76598130|parish area of EKMD]]''
| ''[[:d:Q897303|Kirchenkreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109606115|Q109606115]]
| ''[[:d:Q109606115|parish communion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7137435|Q7137435]]
| ''[[:d:Q7137435|parish council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60850934|Q60850934]]
| ''[[:d:Q60850934|parish in France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13358519|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3252931|Q3252931]]
| ''[[:d:Q3252931|parish in Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15618485|administrative territorial entity of Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q27676524|Q27676524]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676524|parish municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20757176|Q20757176]]
| ''[[:d:Q20757176|parish municipality of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12336315|rural municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110655882|municipi de Dinamarca (1842-1970)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19595060|Q19595060]]
| ''[[:d:Q19595060|parish municipality of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47320766|Q47320766]]
| ''[[:d:Q47320766|Parish of Ayios Dhometios Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24279|Q24279]]
| ''[[:d:Q24279|parish of Andorra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623251|administrative territorial entity of Andorra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1647142|Q1647142]]
| ''[[:d:Q1647142|parish of Antigua and Barbuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15647606|administrative territorial entity of Antigua and Barbuda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55102916|Q55102916]]
| ''[[:d:Q55102916|parish of Asturias]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8776398|collective population entity of Spain]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q48909258|third-order administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28931907|Q28931907]]
| ''[[:d:Q28931907|parish of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4215166|lands administrative division of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1631888|Q1631888]]
| ''[[:d:Q1631888|parish of Barbados]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15647212|administrative territorial entity of Barbados]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41806250|Q41806250]]
| ''[[:d:Q41806250|parish of Bermuda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2462304|administrative territorial entity of Bermuda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q814648|Q814648]]
| ''[[:d:Q814648|parish of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60495698|socken]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1405085|Q1405085]]
| ''[[:d:Q1405085|parish of Dominica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374500|administrative territorial entity of Dominica]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2579179|Q2579179]]
| ''[[:d:Q2579179|parish of Ecuador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15645212|administrative territorial entity of Ecuador]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47328627|Q47328627]]
| ''[[:d:Q47328627|Parish of Famagusta Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60496379|Q60496379]]
| ''[[:d:Q60496379|parish of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60495698|socken]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q531645|Q531645]]
| ''[[:d:Q531645|parish of Grenada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374527|administrative territorial entity of Grenada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6063797|Q6063797]]
| ''[[:d:Q6063797|parish of Guayaquil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2579179|parish of Ecuador]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3365965|Q3365965]]
| ''[[:d:Q3365965|parish of Guernsey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147618|administrative territorial entity of Guernsey]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q936955|Q936955]]
| ''[[:d:Q936955|parish of Jamaica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15640280|administrative territorial entity of Jamaica]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2140214|Q2140214]]
| ''[[:d:Q2140214|parish of Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15980675|administrative territorial entity of Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47325026|Q47325026]]
| ''[[:d:Q47325026|Parish of Keryneia Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47320814|Q47320814]]
| ''[[:d:Q47320814|Parish of Kythrea Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47320785|Q47320785]]
| ''[[:d:Q47320785|Parish of Lakatamia Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47320794|Q47320794]]
| ''[[:d:Q47320794|Parish of Latsia Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410524|Q13410524]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410524|parish of Louisiana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q47205|list of parishes in Louisiana]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17361329|Q17361329]]
| ''[[:d:Q17361329|parish of Macau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50298|administrative territorial entity of Macau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104172772|freguesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47320908|Q47320908]]
| ''[[:d:Q47320908|parish of Morphou Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131822041|Q131822041]]
| ''[[:d:Q131822041|parish of New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3252927|list of parishes in New Brunswick]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28931760|Q28931760]]
| ''[[:d:Q28931760|parish of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485012|lands administrative division of New South Wales]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28931907|parish of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47320699|Q47320699]]
| ''[[:d:Q47320699|parish of Nicosia Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q814691|Q814691]]
| ''[[:d:Q814691|parish of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60495698|socken]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47325770|Q47325770]]
| ''[[:d:Q47325770|Parish of Paphos Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47325959|Q47325959]]
| ''[[:d:Q47325959|Parish of Polis Chrysochous Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28931789|Q28931789]]
| ''[[:d:Q28931789|parish of Queensland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6485014|lands administrative division of Queensland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28931907|parish of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1750854|Q1750854]]
| ''[[:d:Q1750854|parish of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17315728|administrative territorial entity of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1870831|Q1870831]]
| ''[[:d:Q1870831|parish of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15641022|administrative territorial entity of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47320775|Q47320775]]
| ''[[:d:Q47320775|Parish of Strovolos Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10501441|Q10501441]]
| ''[[:d:Q10501441|parish of Sweden]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28932052|Q28932052]]
| ''[[:d:Q28932052|parish of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6485016|lands administrative division of Tasmania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28931907|parish of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124246140|Q124246140]]
| ''[[:d:Q124246140|parish of the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q615980|Q615980]]
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12780138|Q12780138]]
| ''[[:d:Q12780138|parish of the Isle of Man]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502463|administrative territorial entity of the Isle of Man]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22683078|Q22683078]]
| ''[[:d:Q22683078|parish of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6063801|Q6063801]]
| ''[[:d:Q6063801|parish of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6356520|list of parishes in Venezuela's Capital District]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6356524|list of parishes in the state of Anzoátegui]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6356544|Anexo:Parroquias del estado Falcón]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28930084|Q28930084]]
| ''[[:d:Q28930084|parish of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28930150|lands administrative division of Victoria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28931907|parish of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47325870|Q47325870]]
| ''[[:d:Q47325870|Parish of Yeroskipou Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2083380|Q2083380]]
| ''[[:d:Q2083380|parish union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124964|coalition]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10551473|Q10551473]]
| ''[[:d:Q10551473|parish union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3896496|Q3896496]]
| ''[[:d:Q3896496|parishes in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Treviso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2052467|Q2052467]]
| ''[[:d:Q2052467|Parity Imperial City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116215373|imperial city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7138164|Q7138164]]
| ''[[:d:Q7138164|park district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64864735|Q64864735]]
| ''[[:d:Q64864735|parliamentary constituency of Cyprus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44593840|Q44593840]]
| ''[[:d:Q44593840|parliamentary constituency of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q6631996|list of parliamentary constituencies of Greece]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29206932|Q29206932]]
| ''[[:d:Q29206932|parliamentary constituency of Jamaica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116730110|Q116730110]]
| ''[[:d:Q116730110|parliamentary constituency of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97817952|Q97817952]]
| ''[[:d:Q97817952|parliamentary constituency of Zimbabwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q6604690|list of Zimbabwean parliamentary constituencies]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20105434|Q20105434]]
| ''[[:d:Q20105434|parliamentary coprincipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330103|parliamentary monarchy]]''<br/>[[Principato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2577184|Q2577184]]
| ''[[:d:Q2577184|parochia de Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121338772|Q121338772]]
| ''[[:d:Q121338772|paroisse d'ancien régime]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106975673|Q106975673]]
| ''[[:d:Q106975673|Parrocchie dell'arcidiocesi di Sorrento-Castellammare di Stabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1626455|Q1626455]]
| ''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3333265|Q3333265]]
| ''[[:d:Q3333265|parroquia of Galicia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122709212|Q122709212]]
| ''[[:d:Q122709212|parroquia rural of Ecuador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2579179|parish of Ecuador]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122709198|Q122709198]]
| ''[[:d:Q122709198|parroquia urbana of Ecuador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2579179|parish of Ecuador]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18346616|Q18346616]]
| ''[[:d:Q18346616|part of municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18346622|cadastral division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108000498|Q108000498]]
| ''[[:d:Q108000498|part of municipality in Czechoslovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105063846|Q105063846]]
| ''[[:d:Q105063846|part of the municipality part]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2494447|Q2494447]]
| ''[[:d:Q2494447|part principality]]''
| [[Principato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31028314|Q31028314]]
| ''[[:d:Q31028314|partial contour fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6063891|Q6063891]]
| ''[[:d:Q6063891|partido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13997861|Q13997861]]
| ''[[:d:Q13997861|partido of Buenos Aires Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6063891|partido]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1421614|list of partidos of Buenos Aires]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6065096|Q6065096]]
| ''[[:d:Q6065096|partido of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6063891|partido]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q77270949|Q77270949]]
| ''[[:d:Q77270949|partido of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6063891|partido]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4345889|Q4345889]]
| ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1190554|evento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3757179|Q3757179]]
| ''[[:d:Q3757179|parçan of Occitania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131689823|Subregió d'Occitània]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25442526|Q25442526]]
| ''[[:d:Q25442526|Paróquia Nossa Senhora do Carmo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4976993|parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4167410|pagina de disambiguation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1273945|Q1273945]]
| ''[[:d:Q1273945|pashalik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65665664|Q65665664]]
| ''[[:d:Q65665664|pasiolak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2514025|posyolok]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2059613|Q2059613]]
| ''[[:d:Q2059613|passiefstad]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2056301|Q2056301]]
| ''[[:d:Q2056301|pastoral area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10621603|Q10621603]]
| ''[[:d:Q10621603|Pastoral district code (Pastoratskod)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50314139|pastorate of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4024737|Q4024737]]
| ''[[:d:Q4024737|pastoral zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17503488|Q17503488]]
| ''[[:d:Q17503488|pastorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q46890684|pastorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46890684|Q46890684]]
| ''[[:d:Q46890684|pastorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50314139|Q50314139]]
| ''[[:d:Q50314139|pastorate of the Church of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q46890684|pastorate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q46890511|Q46890511]]
| ''[[:d:Q46890511|pastorate of the Courland Governorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q46890684|pastorate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3732793|Q3732793]]
| ''[[:d:Q3732793|patriarchal exarchate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5853012|Eastern Catholic exarchat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3237788|Q3237788]]
| ''[[:d:Q3237788|Patriarchat]]''
| [[Patriarchato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1282276|Q1282276]]
| [[Patriarchato]]
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5982983|jurisdiction]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11493492|Q11493492]]
| ''[[:d:Q11493492|patriotic airfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110382634|Q110382634]]
| ''[[:d:Q110382634|patrocinium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q223642|interpersonal relationship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1570603|patronage]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1414303|Q1414303]]
| ''[[:d:Q1414303|patron hallow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1570603|patronage]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1570603|Q1570603]]
| ''[[:d:Q1570603|patronage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23759397|Q23759397]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759397|municipality of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15891740|list of municipal corporations in Bangladesh]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038527|Q112038527]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038527|Pavuna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3373237|Q3373237]]
| ''[[:d:Q3373237|payam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3184003|Q3184003]]
| ''[[:d:Q3184003|Pays]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3373424|Q3373424]]
| ''[[:d:Q3373424|pays d'élection]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3102603|Q3102603]]
| ''[[:d:Q3102603|pays de Bretagne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131195148|Q131195148]]
| ''[[:d:Q131195148|Pays de Vaud]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1322838|Q1322838]]
| ''[[:d:Q1322838|peace lines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1314535|border barrier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66605792|Q66605792]]
| ''[[:d:Q66605792|Peasant communities from Peru]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15725677|Q15725677]]
| ''[[:d:Q15725677|pedanía]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3898745|Q3898745]]
| ''[[:d:Q3898745|peel tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67926833|Q67926833]]
| ''[[:d:Q67926833|pekan of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19944049|Q19944049]]
| ''[[:d:Q19944049|pekon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1140316|Q1140316]]
| ''[[:d:Q1140316|penal colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q40357|prison]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106690126|remote area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3172900|colony]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038526|Q112038526]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038526|Penha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498874|Q101498874]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498874|Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498986|Q101498986]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498986|Pennsylvania Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7163624|Q7163624]]
| ''[[:d:Q7163624|Pennsylvania's congressional districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17166756|United States congressional district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1503171|Q1503171]]
| ''[[:d:Q1503171|Península de Setúbal Subregion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455656|region of Portugal]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1153975|Q1153975]]
| ''[[:d:Q1153975|people's commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13403037|Q13403037]]
| ''[[:d:Q13403037|Period of Appanages]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3500085|Q3500085]]
| ''[[:d:Q3500085|periphery country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11698508|Q11698508]]
| ''[[:d:Q11698508|permanent fortification]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6688521|Q6688521]]
| ''[[:d:Q6688521|permanent members of the United Nations Security Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61964031|member of the United Nations Security Council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13341593|permanent member]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11130962|Q11130962]]
| ''[[:d:Q11130962|Permanently neutralized state/country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185963|neutral country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q83311|Q83311]]
| ''[[:d:Q83311|Persian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15150553|Q15150553]]
| ''[[:d:Q15150553|personal ordinariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350509|ordinariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12798556|Q12798556]]
| ''[[:d:Q12798556|personal parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1455927|Q1455927]]
| ''[[:d:Q1455927|personal prelature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17305527|prelature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6815100|membership organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q188800|Q188800]]
| ''[[:d:Q188800|personal union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[stato]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q65239521|сьпіс асабістых уній]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2072243|Q2072243]]
| ''[[:d:Q2072243|Personalpfarrei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130264856|Q130264856]]
| ''[[:d:Q130264856|Personne morale sans but lucratif par Loi concernant le regroupement et la gestion des commissions scolaires]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47091204|personne morale sans but lucratif]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2986739|school board of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130264860|Q130264860]]
| ''[[:d:Q130264860|Personne morale sans but lucratif par Loi sur l'organisation territoriale municipale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47091204|personne morale sans but lucratif]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q204613|regional county municipality of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47091202|forme juridique au Québec]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130264903|Q130264903]]
| ''[[:d:Q130264903|Personne morale sans but lucratif par Loi sur les villages nordiques et l’Administration régionale Kativik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47091204|personne morale sans but lucratif]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3559003|northern village]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3084850|Kativik Regional Government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47091202|forme juridique au Québec]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124035119|Q124035119]]
| ''[[:d:Q124035119|petit ouvrage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3358760|Maginot Line fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101351070|Q101351070]]
| ''[[:d:Q101351070|petrostate]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1798550|Q1798550]]
| ''[[:d:Q1798550|petty kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1097498|ruler]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12737077|occupation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
| ''[[:d:Q841376|list of petty kingdoms of Norway]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7179402|Q7179402]]
| ''[[:d:Q7179402|petty sessional division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12045243|Q12045243]]
| ''[[:d:Q12045243|Pevnostní silnice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7179706|Q7179706]]
| ''[[:d:Q7179706|peñón]]''
| [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20097897|sea fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2082298|Q2082298]]
| ''[[:d:Q2082298|Pfandlehen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q819049|pledge]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q975783|estate in land]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22693483|Q22693483]]
| ''[[:d:Q22693483|Pflegamt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q643589|departimento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2084233|Q2084233]]
| ''[[:d:Q2084233|pfleggericht]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60977331|Q60977331]]
| ''[[:d:Q60977331|Philippian castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3901711|Q3901711]]
| ''[[:d:Q3901711|phrourion]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134589294|Q134589294]]
| ''[[:d:Q134589294|Phulkian States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q607608|Q607608]]
| ''[[:d:Q607608|phyle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133311|tribo]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2935973|Q2935973]]
| ''[[:d:Q2935973|phytogeographic district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13232238|Q13232238]]
| ''[[:d:Q13232238|phytogeographic region of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2935973|phytogeographic district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118448848|Q118448848]]
| ''[[:d:Q118448848|phủ lộ]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47795905|Q47795905]]
| ''[[:d:Q47795905|Piarist province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109612062|territorial demarcation of the Pious Schools]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107406307|Q107406307]]
| ''[[:d:Q107406307|Piast Castles]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29349855|Q29349855]]
| ''[[:d:Q29349855|Pickett-Hamilton fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13194779|Q13194779]]
| ''[[:d:Q13194779|Pictland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1464870|Q1464870]]
| ''[[:d:Q1464870|pieve]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3388233|Q3388233]]
| ''[[:d:Q3388233|pieve]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92069|Q92069]]
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137258491|Q137258491]]
| ''[[:d:Q137258491|PLA academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137221946|PLA educational organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127599522|Q127599522]]
| ''[[:d:Q127599522|PLA garrison district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136556163|PLA command force]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136644356|Q136644356]]
| ''[[:d:Q136644356|PLA military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136532418|PLA unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136644432|Q136644432]]
| ''[[:d:Q136644432|PLA military brigade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102356|brigade]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136532418|PLA unit]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136644356|PLA military base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21506450|military unit size class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136536911|Q136536911]]
| ''[[:d:Q136536911|PLA military hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137258492|Q137258492]]
| ''[[:d:Q137258492|PLA university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137221946|PLA educational organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112872396|type of educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2462754|Q2462754]]
| ''[[:d:Q2462754|plaatselijk bestuur]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109017881|Q109017881]]
| ''[[:d:Q109017881|place basse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12797|star fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20164898|Q20164898]]
| ''[[:d:Q20164898|Place idéale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81851|bastion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15840617|Q15840617]]
| ''[[:d:Q15840617|planned national capital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1074523|planned community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q69883|urbanistica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2373335|list of purpose-built national capitals]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104527265|Q104527265]]
| ''[[:d:Q104527265|planning area of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50513|administrative territorial entity of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107358701|Q107358701]]
| ''[[:d:Q107358701|planning district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131991112|Q131991112]]
| ''[[:d:Q131991112|planning district of Tampere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98807679|Tampereen aluejako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138548439|زیرمنطقه (فنلاند)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117286571|Q117286571]]
| ''[[:d:Q117286571|planning region of Connecticut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1188782|county-equivalent]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1276556|Q1276556]]
| ''[[:d:Q1276556|plantation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1995480|minor civil division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124157135|administrative territorial entity of Maine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7201599|Q7201599]]
| ''[[:d:Q7201599|plantation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111337012|Q111337012]]
| ''[[:d:Q111337012|Planungsraum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111337014|Q111337014]]
| ''[[:d:Q111337014|Planungsraum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136649495|Q136649495]]
| ''[[:d:Q136649495|PLARF Missile Brigade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136644432|PLA military brigade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125627023|Q125627023]]
| ''[[:d:Q125627023|Plasa Bălți]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41720204|county of the Kingdom of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763194|district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q53460654|Q53460654]]
| ''[[:d:Q53460654|plurinominal electoral region for federal elections]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q941150|Q941150]]
| ''[[:d:Q941150|Plusregio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q159313|urban agglomeration]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18764027|Q18764027]]
| ''[[:d:Q18764027|Podunavska Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41763771|oblast of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114839325|Q114839325]]
| ''[[:d:Q114839325|police administrative territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7209560|Q7209560]]
| ''[[:d:Q7209560|police area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114839325|police administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7209568|Q7209568]]
| ''[[:d:Q7209568|police burgh of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42915594|Scottish burgh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123408701|Q123408701]]
| ''[[:d:Q123408701|police district of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4992061|police district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2540340|district of Malta]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7209598|Q7209598]]
| ''[[:d:Q7209598|police precinct]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4992061|police district]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q217405|Q217405]]
| ''[[:d:Q217405|police state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122986857|Q122986857]]
| ''[[:d:Q122986857|Police Station of Odisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114839325|police administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110256042|Q110256042]]
| ''[[:d:Q110256042|police-administered area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114839325|police administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q148837|Q148837]]
| ''[[:d:Q148837|polis]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11822246|Q11822246]]
| ''[[:d:Q11822246|Polish Catholic Mission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61607839|Q61607839]]
| ''[[:d:Q61607839|Polish Catholic Mission in France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11822246|Polish Catholic Mission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114496982|Q114496982]]
| ''[[:d:Q114496982|political city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q95675149|Q95675149]]
| ''[[:d:Q95675149|political district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75060638|Q75060638]]
| ''[[:d:Q75060638|political division of Karafuto Prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q843752|Q843752]]
| ''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120121699|Q120121699]]
| ''[[:d:Q120121699|political economic union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1140229|political union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3623811|economic union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7225125|Q7225125]]
| ''[[:d:Q7225125|political subdivison]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1048835|Q1048835]]
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1140229|Q1140229]]
| ''[[:d:Q1140229|political union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q484652|organisation international]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q875832|Q875832]]
| ''[[:d:Q875832|Politische Expositur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2101825|Q2101825]]
| ''[[:d:Q2101825|Polizeirevier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1221119|Dienststelle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116447059|territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114977888|Q114977888]]
| ''[[:d:Q114977888|polling district of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107990331|constituency in Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3301455|electoral precinct]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15241953|Q15241953]]
| ''[[:d:Q15241953|Polnische Katholische Mission in Deutschland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11822246|Polish Catholic Mission]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92080|Q92080]]
| ''[[:d:Q92080|polygonal fort]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59104206|Q59104206]]
| ''[[:d:Q59104206|polysynodal monarchy]]''
| [[monarchia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3325907|polysynodal regime]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1102202|dynastic union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3325907|Q3325907]]
| ''[[:d:Q3325907|polysynodal regime]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5156764|composite monarchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188800|personal union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5589178|regime]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2308303|Q2308303]]
| ''[[:d:Q2308303|polysynody]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3325907|polysynodal regime]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3907952|Q3907952]]
| ''[[:d:Q3907952|Ponte Azzone Visconti]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q537127|road bridge]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3397866|Q3397866]]
| ''[[:d:Q3397866|poor law union]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11823967|Q11823967]]
| ''[[:d:Q11823967|Poprzecznica (fortyfikacja)]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64911820|Q64911820]]
| ''[[:d:Q64911820|populated area of the city of Alicante]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7229768|Q7229768]]
| ''[[:d:Q7229768|populated center of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111974103|Q111974103]]
| ''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12797320|Q12797320]]
| ''[[:d:Q12797320|populated place in Slovenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3356100|administrative territorial entity of Slovenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12801867|list of populated places in Slovenia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16127605|Q16127605]]
| ''[[:d:Q16127605|populated place in Syria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12267454|administrative territorial entity of Syria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12051488|Q12051488]]
| ''[[:d:Q12051488|populated place in Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11939023|Q11939023]]
| ''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123964505|populated place]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q95993392|Q95993392]]
| ''[[:d:Q95993392|populated place of Bulgaria]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15728798|Q15728798]]
| ''[[:d:Q15728798|populated places in Eritrea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15728794|administrative territorial entity of Eritrea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17457202|Q17457202]]
| ''[[:d:Q17457202|population centre in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3511936|Q3511936]]
| ''[[:d:Q3511936|Port captaincies of the Republic of Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1200068|captaincy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2551394|sea rescue organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2264924|Q2264924]]
| ''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q132967635|port settlement]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84175963|Q84175963]]
| ''[[:d:Q84175963|port of embarkation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15310171|seaport]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q200464|Q200464]]
| ''[[:d:Q200464|Portuguese Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1360686|Q1360686]]
| ''[[:d:Q1360686|Portuguese-speaking African countries]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q137290726|language-based geopolitical organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1857338|Q1857338]]
| ''[[:d:Q1857338|possessions of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q302045|Q302045]]
| ''[[:d:Q302045|Post-Soviet states]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q52110228|geopolitical group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10860602|Q10860602]]
| ''[[:d:Q10860602|post-Yugoslavia states]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q52110228|geopolitical group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7234043|Q7234043]]
| ''[[:d:Q7234043|postal counties of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2514025|Q2514025]]
| ''[[:d:Q2514025|posyolok]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63391844|Q63391844]]
| ''[[:d:Q63391844|potential state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7235440|Q7235440]]
| ''[[:d:Q7235440|Potwalloper]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29113513|Q29113513]]
| ''[[:d:Q29113513|povet of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19563262|county of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4057706|administrative territorial entity of the Great Duchy of Lithuania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55504400|Q55504400]]
| ''[[:d:Q55504400|povoado]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2100004|Q2100004]]
| ''[[:d:Q2100004|powder tower]]''
| [[Turre]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17504814|gunpowder magazine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1345203|Q1345203]]
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
| [[pais]]
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127421212|type of power]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q247073|Q247073]]
| ''[[:d:Q247073|powiat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630906|rural district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115901905|Q115901905]]
| ''[[:d:Q115901905|pracharna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1362225|warehouse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133800978|Q133800978]]
| ''[[:d:Q133800978|praefectura]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1230348|Q1230348]]
| ''[[:d:Q1230348|praetorian prefecture of the East]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49001551|Q49001551]]
| ''[[:d:Q49001551|praesidium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14752696|ancient Roman structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4377540|Q4377540]]
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3910149|Q3910149]]
| ''[[:d:Q3910149|praetorian prefecture of Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1232541|Q1232541]]
| ''[[:d:Q1232541|praetorian prefecture of Gaul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42173|Q42173]]
| ''[[:d:Q42173|praetorian prefecture of Illyricum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q764112|Q764112]]
| ''[[:d:Q764112|praetorian prefecture of Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4377540|praetorian prefecture]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28164214|Q28164214]]
| ''[[:d:Q28164214|Prant]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120682686|Q120682686]]
| ''[[:d:Q120682686|Pre-colonial Makhzen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1684735|Makhzen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18810687|political institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26272081|Q26272081]]
| ''[[:d:Q26272081|Pre-modern Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>[[monarchia]]
| ''[[:d:Q17544377|history of a country or state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63313685|history of a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12029047|Q12029047]]
| ''[[:d:Q12029047|preaching station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1129743|filial church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123924129|Q123924129]]
| ''[[:d:Q123924129|precinct]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31206696|Q31206696]]
| ''[[:d:Q31206696|Prefect of police of Bouches-du-Rhône]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408901|Prefecture of Police]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1285463|prefect]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q202595|Q202595]]
| ''[[:d:Q202595|prefectura de Grecia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50337|Q50337]]
| ''[[:d:Q50337|prefectura de Japon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q117351898|ordinary local public entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135236669|Enumeration of 47]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16511167|list of prefectures of Japan]]''
| division administrative japonese del prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q65589340|Q65589340]]
| ''[[:d:Q65589340|prefectural capital of Japan]]''
| [[capital]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q985886|list of prefectural capitals in Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q515716|Q515716]]
| ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1045608|Q1045608]]
| ''[[:d:Q1045608|prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9316670|prefecture-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2114677|Q2114677]]
| ''[[:d:Q2114677|prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15141478|public administration of Italy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q178706|institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52224508|Q52224508]]
| ''[[:d:Q52224508|prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137691289|Q137691289]]
| ''[[:d:Q137691289|Prefecture in Madagascar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1269299|type of business entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q179831|Q179831]]
| ''[[:d:Q179831|prefecture in France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824642|public administration of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16888151|Q16888151]]
| ''[[:d:Q16888151|prefecture of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23925379|Q23925379]]
| ''[[:d:Q23925379|prefecture of arrondissement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3307748|Q3307748]]
| ''[[:d:Q3307748|prefecture of Chad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044747|administrative territorial entity of Chad]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1394653|Q1394653]]
| ''[[:d:Q1394653|prefecture of Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502438|administrative territorial entity of Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623950|Q15623950]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623950|prefecture of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3408901|Q3408901]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408901|Prefecture of Police]]''
| ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69936573|Q69936573]]
| ''[[:d:Q69936573|prefecture of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q843886|Q843886]]
| ''[[:d:Q843886|prefecture of the Central African Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631092|administrative territorial entity of the Central African Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q828485|Q828485]]
| ''[[:d:Q828485|prefecture of Togo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631084|administrative territorial entity of Togo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9316670|Q9316670]]
| ''[[:d:Q9316670|prefecture-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6360877|Q6360877]]
| ''[[:d:Q6360877|Prefectures and provinces of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17305527|Q17305527]]
| ''[[:d:Q17305527|prelature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140039150|Q140039150]]
| ''[[:d:Q140039150|presbytery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140068185|Q140068185]]
| ''[[:d:Q140068185|present day country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16141600|Q16141600]]
| ''[[:d:Q16141600|Preservation District for a Group of Traditional Buildings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1516079|cultural heritage ensemble]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q61889342|municipal heritage site]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q138632518|old towns of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30634609|heritage designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q630638|Q630638]]
| ''[[:d:Q630638|preserved county of Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6544379|lieutenancy area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2385925|Q2385925]]
| ''[[:d:Q2385925|presidencies and provinces in British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17319258|Q17319258]]
| ''[[:d:Q17319258|presidency of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2385925|presidencies and provinces in British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3558349|presidency]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3323096|Q3323096]]
| ''[[:d:Q3323096|presidio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1478645|Q1478645]]
| ''[[:d:Q1478645|prestegjeld]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q61081208|сьпіс парафіяў Царквы Нарвэгіі]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110164339|Q110164339]]
| ''[[:d:Q110164339|primacial seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105390172|Roman Catholic metropolitan archdiocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10638782|Q10638782]]
| ''[[:d:Q10638782|primary area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10677154|Stadsdelsnämndsområde]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1422929|Q1422929]]
| ''[[:d:Q1422929|primate city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10638781|Q10638781]]
| ''[[:d:Q10638781|Primärkommun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1366274|Q1366274]]
| ''[[:d:Q1366274|Prince-Archbishopric]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355437|Stift]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3403564|ecclesiastical principality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105072138|Catholic archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q463742|Hochstift]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2072238|archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1499065|spiritual territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17319161|Q17319161]]
| ''[[:d:Q17319161|princely estate of the British Raj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1336152|Q1336152]]
| ''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646492|administrative territorial entity of British India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7245071|Q7245071]]
| ''[[:d:Q7245071|principal area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15979307|Q15979307]]
| ''[[:d:Q15979307|principal area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q683738|Subdivisions of Wales]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7245071|principal area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110415260|unitary authority area]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1412491|list of Welsh principal areas by population]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4991456|list of Welsh principal areas by area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6603930|list of Welsh principal areas by population density]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16933701|Q16933701]]
| ''[[:d:Q16933701|principal city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7604380|statistical area of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48816691|Q48816691]]
| ''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q208500|Q208500]]
| [[Principato]]
| [[stato]]<br/>[[monarchia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2110440|Q2110440]]
| ''[[:d:Q2110440|principia]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7540126|headquarters]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101228049|Q101228049]]
| ''[[:d:Q101228049|priority enrolment area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2750108|Q2750108]]
| ''[[:d:Q2750108|priory]]''
| [[monasterio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131108288|Q131108288]]
| ''[[:d:Q131108288|Priory of Uclés]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434544|commandry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2750108|priory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q976390|Q976390]]
| ''[[:d:Q976390|prison tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137864312|prison tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111737893|Q111737893]]
| ''[[:d:Q111737893|private city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124466093|Q124466093]]
| ''[[:d:Q124466093|Private land state]]''
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16878951|Q16878951]]
| ''[[:d:Q16878951|private town]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113388921|Q113388921]]
| ''[[:d:Q113388921|privileged Ottoman province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141112511|Q141112511]]
| ''[[:d:Q141112511|proclaimed forest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q612741|United States National Forest]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11574746|Q11574746]]
| ''[[:d:Q11574746|productive green zones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111336983|Q111336983]]
| ''[[:d:Q111336983|Prognoseraum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11663839|Q11663839]]
| ''[[:d:Q11663839|progressive municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92086|Q92086]]
| ''[[:d:Q92086|promontory fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47436|Q47436]]
| ''[[:d:Q47436|proposals for new Australian states]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28864185|proposed administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q178712|state or territory of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3918409|proposal]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q118256174|Q118256174]]
| ''[[:d:Q118256174|proposed national park]]''
| [[parco national]]<br/>''[[:d:Q64728694|proposed entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4808085|Q4808085]]
| ''[[:d:Q4808085|proposed states and union territories of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28864185|proposed administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131541|states and union territories of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110736820|Q110736820]]
| ''[[:d:Q110736820|proposed voivodeship of Poland]]''
| [[Voivodatos de Polonia|voivodato de Polonia]]
| ''[[:d:Q28864185|proposed administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131700720|List of proposed voivodeships of Poland]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3407580|Q3407580]]
| ''[[:d:Q3407580|proprietary colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2113098|Q2113098]]
| ''[[:d:Q2113098|Propstei (Luxemburg)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17000624|Q17000624]]
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q52063668|Q52063668]]
| ''[[:d:Q52063668|protected area of Australian Capital Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5438881|list of protected areas in Australian Capital Territory]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19953754|Q19953754]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953754|protected area of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3364919|Q3364919]]
| ''[[:d:Q3364919|protected area of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q7251266|Q7251266]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251266|protected area of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108808379|Q108808379]]
| ''[[:d:Q108808379|protected area of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15126920|administrative territorial entity of El Salvador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22914937|list of protected areas of El Salvador]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251283|Q7251283]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251283|protected area of Eswatini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2715909|administrative territorial entity of Eswatini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20296613|Q20296613]]
| ''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20626607|Q20626607]]
| ''[[:d:Q20626607|protected area of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976641|administrative territorial entity of Kenya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251276|Q7251276]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251276|protected area of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623974|administrative territorial entity of Kyrgyzstan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251277|Q7251277]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251277|protected area of Libya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251278|Q7251278]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251278|protected area of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65148973|protected area of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17084125|Q17084125]]
| ''[[:d:Q17084125|protected area of Namibia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631066|administrative territorial entity of Namibia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1749279|Q1749279]]
| ''[[:d:Q1749279|protected area of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3622115|Q3622115]]
| ''[[:d:Q3622115|protected area of New South Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28942375|list of protected areas of New South Wales]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2498169|Q2498169]]
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q5478580|Q5478580]]
| ''[[:d:Q5478580|protected area of Queensland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q20588567|Q20588567]]
| ''[[:d:Q20588567|protected area of Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q243669|subdivisions of Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12780305|list of protected areas in Slovakia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3622113|Q3622113]]
| ''[[:d:Q3622113|protected area of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4683555|administrative territorial entity of South Africa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251282|Q7251282]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q52063702|Q52063702]]
| ''[[:d:Q52063702|protected area of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2303963|Protected areas in Tasmania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1418124|Q1418124]]
| ''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251293|Q7251293]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251293|protected area of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251288|Q7251288]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251288|protected area of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q7251287|Q7251287]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251287|protected area of Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251293|protected area of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52063651|Q52063651]]
| ''[[:d:Q52063651|protected area of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1969141|list of protected areas in Western Australia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7251263|Q7251263]]
| ''[[:d:Q7251263|protected areas of Albania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1814009|administrative territorial entity of Albania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139731776|Q139731776]]
| ''[[:d:Q139731776|Protected cave in Lower Austria]]''
| [[Caverna|cava]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1627961|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13439062|Q13439062]]
| ''[[:d:Q13439062|Protected city and villages in Flevoland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15243227|beschermde stads- en dorpsgezichten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q3848936|Q3848936]]
| ''[[:d:Q3848936|protected landscape]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20588567|protected area of Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1803820|landscape park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20290500|Q20290500]]
| ''[[:d:Q20290500|protected landscape area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1803820|landscape park]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1418124|protected area of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q99440126|Anexo:Áreas paisajísticas protegidas de la República Checa]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1518285|Q1518285]]
| ''[[:d:Q1518285|Protected landscape component]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15873063|Q15873063]]
| ''[[:d:Q15873063|Protected towns and villages in Limburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2584998|heritage district in the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15243227|beschermde stads- en dorpsgezichten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q2527000|Q2527000]]
| ''[[:d:Q2527000|protected townscape]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2065736|cultural property]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15243209|historic district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q80797879|Q80797879]]
| ''[[:d:Q80797879|protected zones of national interest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2695008|administrative territorial entity of Luxembourg]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q442872|Q442872]]
| ''[[:d:Q442872|protecting power]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q164142|Q164142]]
| ''[[:d:Q164142|protectorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5312628|Q5312628]]
| ''[[:d:Q5312628|protectorate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109516743|Q109516743]]
| ''[[:d:Q109516743|Protestant diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2876066|Q2876066]]
| ''[[:d:Q2876066|Proto-canton]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1385277|Q1385277]]
| ''[[:d:Q1385277|protonuraghe]]''
| [[Nuraghes]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106531650|Q106531650]]
| ''[[:d:Q106531650|province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136093978|Q136093978]]
| ''[[:d:Q136093978|province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86726256|Q86726256]]
| ''[[:d:Q86726256|province cartusienne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1964165|Q1964165]]
| ''[[:d:Q1964165|province district in Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12084012|Q12084012]]
| ''[[:d:Q12084012|province level division of the Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2029182|Q2029182]]
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1435020|General Curia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124098638|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q158683|Q158683]]
| ''[[:d:Q158683|province of Afghanistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q156772|administrative divisions of Afghanistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44753|Q44753]]
| ''[[:d:Q44753|province of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| [[Appendice:Lista de provincias de Argentina]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q514860|Q514860]]
| ''[[:d:Q514860|province of Armenia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13058055|administrative divisions of Armenia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27907810|Q27907810]]
| ''[[:d:Q27907810|province of Atlántico Department]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15629585|Q15629585]]
| ''[[:d:Q15629585|province of Austrian Lombardy]]''
| [[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q83116|Q83116]]
| ''[[:d:Q83116|province of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7252588|Q7252588]]
| ''[[:d:Q7252588|province of Bhutan]]''
| [[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6089033|Q6089033]]
| ''[[:d:Q6089033|province of Boyacá Department]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q616981|Q616981]]
| ''[[:d:Q616981|province of Brazil]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646712|Q15646712]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646712|province of British Raj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2385925|presidencies and provinces in British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q852151|Q852151]]
| ''[[:d:Q852151|province of Burkina Faso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15063111|administrative territorial entity of Burkina Faso]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q476075|Q476075]]
| ''[[:d:Q476075|province of Burundi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2904292|administrative territorial entity of Burundi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7252589|Q7252589]]
| ''[[:d:Q7252589|province of Cambodia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50201|entitate territorial administrative de Cambodgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24035250|Q24035250]]
| ''[[:d:Q24035250|Province of Canada electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4379648|Q4379648]]
| ''[[:d:Q4379648|province of Catalonia]]''
| [[provincias de Espania]]
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21274963|Q21274963]]
| ''[[:d:Q21274963|province of Cauca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27907461|Q27907461]]
| ''[[:d:Q27907461|province of Cesar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q640262|Q640262]]
| ''[[:d:Q640262|province of Chad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044747|administrative territorial entity of Chad]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q51306396|Q51306396]]
| ''[[:d:Q51306396|province of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1075520|Q1075520]]
| ''[[:d:Q1075520|province of Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3917124|administrative territorial entity of Costa Rica]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115291|Q115291]]
| ''[[:d:Q115291|province of Cuba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5549724|administrative territorial entity of Cuba]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6089035|Q6089035]]
| ''[[:d:Q6089035|province of Cundinamarca Department]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q719987|Q719987]]
| ''[[:d:Q719987|province of Ecuador]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15645212|administrative territorial entity of Ecuador]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867597|Q867597]]
| ''[[:d:Q867597|province of Equatorial Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3557016|administrative territorial entity of Equatorial Guinea]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3924463|Q3924463]]
| ''[[:d:Q3924463|province of Eritrea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15728794|administrative territorial entity of Eritrea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3110808|Q3110808]]
| ''[[:d:Q3110808|province of Ethiopia]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3064474|Q3064474]]
| ''[[:d:Q3064474|province of Fiji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1062445|administrative territorial entity of Fiji]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q217691|Q217691]]
| ''[[:d:Q217691|province of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q629870|län]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15051068|Q15051068]]
| ''[[:d:Q15051068|province of Flanders]]''
| ''[[:d:Q83116|province of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q10831631|Q10831631]]
| ''[[:d:Q10831631|province of French Indochina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137325529|former provinces of Vietnam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q653596|Q653596]]
| ''[[:d:Q653596|province of Gabon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631046|administrative territorial entity of Gabon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17304098|Q17304098]]
| ''[[:d:Q17304098|province of Gran Colombia]]''
| [[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q2878183|administrative territorial entity of Gran Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3301846|list of provinces of Gran Colombia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1860467|Q1860467]]
| ''[[:d:Q1860467|province of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18592472|Q18592472]]
| ''[[:d:Q18592472|province of Guinea-Bissau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631050|administrative territorial entity of Guinea-Bissau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27612211|Q27612211]]
| ''[[:d:Q27612211|province of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1344695|Q1344695]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344695|province of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q70252|Q70252]]
| ''[[:d:Q70252|province of Kenya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976641|administrative territorial entity of Kenya]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15673297|Q15673297]]
| ''[[:d:Q15673297|province of Laos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50199|administrative territorial entity of Laos]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7252591|Q7252591]]
| ''[[:d:Q7252591|province of Libya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9301005|administrative territorial entity of Libya]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q864133|Q864133]]
| ''[[:d:Q864133|province of Madagascar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1087635|administrative territorial entity of Madagascar]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27907460|Q27907460]]
| ''[[:d:Q27907460|province of Magdalena]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50399|Q50399]]
| ''[[:d:Q50399|province of Mongolia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3645512|administrative territorial entity of Mongolia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3187075|aimag]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15629582|Q15629582]]
| ''[[:d:Q15629582|province of Morocco]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q695469|Q695469]]
| ''[[:d:Q695469|province of Mozambique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631065|administrative territorial entity of Mozambique]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25893329|Q25893329]]
| ''[[:d:Q25893329|province of Nariño]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22049119|Q22049119]]
| ''[[:d:Q22049119|province of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3408484|Q3408484]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408484|province of New Caledonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q546080|administrative territorial entity of New Caledonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1669071|Q1669071]]
| ''[[:d:Q1669071|province of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15620174|Q15620174]]
| ''[[:d:Q15620174|province of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3250615|Q3250615]]
| ''[[:d:Q3250615|province of Oman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644782|administrative territorial entity of Oman]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15058985|Q15058985]]
| ''[[:d:Q15058985|province of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1053630|Q1053630]]
| ''[[:d:Q1053630|province of Papua New Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3098609|administrative territorial entity of Papua New Guinea]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q509686|Q509686]]
| ''[[:d:Q509686|province of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
| [[Appendice:Lista de provincias de Peru]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21803186|Q21803186]]
| ''[[:d:Q21803186|province of Quindío]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21802284|Q21802284]]
| ''[[:d:Q21802284|province of Risaralda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q871217|Q871217]]
| ''[[:d:Q871217|province of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q78965820|Q78965820]]
| ''[[:d:Q78965820|Province of San Miguel]]''
| [[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q17259945|province of the Spanish Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15728204|Q15728204]]
| ''[[:d:Q15728204|province of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74063|list of provinces of Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1145005|Q1145005]]
| ''[[:d:Q1145005|province of Sierra Leone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055419|administrative territorial entity of Sierra Leone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q191093|Q191093]]
| ''[[:d:Q191093|province of South Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683555|administrative territorial entity of South Africa]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4925355|Q4925355]]
| ''[[:d:Q4925355|province of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q718570|circuit]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10831626|Q10831626]]
| ''[[:d:Q10831626|province of South Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137325529|former provinces of Vietnam]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q861559|Q861559]]
| ''[[:d:Q861559|province of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q193556|Q193556]]
| ''[[:d:Q193556|province of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1051411|Q1051411]]
| ''[[:d:Q1051411|province of São Tomé and Príncipe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4834771|administrative territorial entity of São Tomé and Príncipe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9319988|Q9319988]]
| ''[[:d:Q9319988|province of Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12084012|province level division of the Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50198|Q50198]]
| ''[[:d:Q50198|province of Thailand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q913337|Q913337]]
| ''[[:d:Q913337|province of the Dominican Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17279557|administrative territorial entity of the Dominican Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42691432|Q42691432]]
| ''[[:d:Q42691432|province of the Grand Duchy of Hesse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42690972|government region of the Grand Duchy of Hesse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15629587|Q15629587]]
| ''[[:d:Q15629587|province of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26344166|Q26344166]]
| ''[[:d:Q26344166|province of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976625|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18592110|Q18592110]]
| ''[[:d:Q18592110|province of the Maldives]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151887|administrative territorial entity of the Maldives]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109593182|Q109593182]]
| ''[[:d:Q109593182|province of the Order of Preachers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24746|Q24746]]
| ''[[:d:Q24746|province of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17379685|Q17379685]]
| ''[[:d:Q17379685|Province of the Republic of Artsakh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2072997|administrative territorial entity of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4379644|Q4379644]]
| ''[[:d:Q4379644|province of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1025116|Q1025116]]
| ''[[:d:Q1025116|province of the Solomon Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15643925|administrative territorial entity of the Solomon Islands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17259945|Q17259945]]
| ''[[:d:Q17259945|province of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21275208|Q21275208]]
| ''[[:d:Q21275208|province of Tolima]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q847299|Q847299]]
| ''[[:d:Q847299|province of Vanuatu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16766456|administrative territorial entity of Vanuatu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8218604|Q8218604]]
| ''[[:d:Q8218604|province of Wallonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q83116|province of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q15313730|Q15313730]]
| ''[[:d:Q15313730|province of Zambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q650605|administrative territorial entity of Zambia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q492042|Q492042]]
| ''[[:d:Q492042|province of Zimbabwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976660|administrative territorial entity of Zimbabwe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119608727|Q119608727]]
| ''[[:d:Q119608727|province-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12307270|Q12307270]]
| ''[[:d:Q12307270|provinces of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q710666|Q710666]]
| ''[[:d:Q710666|Provinces of Korea]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q574299|Q574299]]
| ''[[:d:Q574299|provinces of Prussia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18559091|administrative territorial entity of Prussia]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47092120|Q47092120]]
| ''[[:d:Q47092120|provinces of the Qing Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15897752|administrative territorial entity of Qing dynasty]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34876|Q34876]]
| [[provincia]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1153408|Q1153408]]
| ''[[:d:Q1153408|provincia de Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1615742|Q1615742]]
| ''[[:d:Q1615742|provincia de China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q119608727|province-level division]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5098|Q5098]]
| [[provincia de Indonesia]]
| ''[[:d:Q12479773|first-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q202156|Q202156]]
| ''[[:d:Q202156|provincia de Irlanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1382893|Q1382893]]
| ''[[:d:Q1382893|provincia de Panama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055414|administrative territorial entity of Panama]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
| division administrative de Panama al prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q7252594|Q7252594]]
| ''[[:d:Q7252594|provincia de Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''
|
|
| anterior subdivision de Venezuela
|-
| [[:d:Q2824648|Q2824648]]
| ''[[:d:Q2824648|provincia de Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109429530|provincial-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q182547|Q182547]]
| [[provincia del Imperio Roman]]
| ''[[:d:Q100205512|administrative territorial entity of ancient Rome]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134390|Q134390]]
| [[Provincia del Pais Basse|provincia del Paises Basse]]
| ''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11076354|Q11076354]]
| ''[[:d:Q11076354|provincial administration commission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11088057|administrative territorial entity of the Ming dynasty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13023500|Q13023500]]
| ''[[:d:Q13023500|Provincial Administrative Organization (Thailand)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15663836|local administrative unit in Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137640468|Q137640468]]
| ''[[:d:Q137640468|provincial capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q83020|Q83020]]
| ''[[:d:Q83020|provincial city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12083042|county level division of the Republic of China]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7252696|Q7252696]]
| ''[[:d:Q7252696|Provincial deputation in Spanish America]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17259945|province of the Spanish Empire]]''<br/>[[provincias de Espania]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18657584|Q18657584]]
| ''[[:d:Q18657584|provincial directly controlled county-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137381623|Q137381623]]
| ''[[:d:Q137381623|Provincial Economic Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123553344|Q123553344]]
| ''[[:d:Q123553344|provincial electoral district in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4711861|Q4711861]]
| ''[[:d:Q4711861|provincial electoral district of Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6564784|Q6564784]]
| ''[[:d:Q6564784|provincial electoral district of British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47455017|Q47455017]]
| ''[[:d:Q47455017|provincial electoral district of Manitoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6591764|Q6591764]]
| ''[[:d:Q6591764|provincial electoral district of New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47454980|Q47454980]]
| ''[[:d:Q47454980|provincial electoral district of Newfoundland and Labrador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6592593|Q6592593]]
| ''[[:d:Q6592593|provincial electoral district of Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6593033|Q6593033]]
| ''[[:d:Q6593033|provincial electoral district of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19823486|Q19823486]]
| ''[[:d:Q19823486|provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2973931|Q2973931]]
| ''[[:d:Q2973931|provincial electoral district of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6596424|Q6596424]]
| ''[[:d:Q6596424|provincial electoral district of Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114166460|Q114166460]]
| ''[[:d:Q114166460|provincial government of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12504393|local government in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1802419|state government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109421274|provincial government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14846916|Q14846916]]
| ''[[:d:Q14846916|provincial municipality of Cambodia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50201|entitate territorial administrative de Cambodgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89031988|Q89031988]]
| ''[[:d:Q89031988|provincial municipality of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q956214|chef-lieu]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21507383|Q21507383]]
| ''[[:d:Q21507383|provincial or territorial capital city in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11271835|state capital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109429530|Q109429530]]
| ''[[:d:Q109429530|provincial-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50202|administrative territorial entity of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5030865|Q5030865]]
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973938|electoral district of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q240601|Q240601]]
| [[provincias de Algeria]]
| ''[[:d:Q6721654|administrative territorial entity of Algeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| subdivisiones territorial de Algeria del prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q329028|Q329028]]
| [[Provincia de Angola|provincias de Angola]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976645|administrative territorial entity of Angola]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| [[Appendice:Lista de provincias de Angola]]
| subdivisiones de Angola al prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q1062593|Q1062593]]
| [[Provincias de Bolivia]]
| ''[[:d:Q213918|administrative territorial entity of Bolivia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11828004|Q11828004]]
| [[Provincia de Canada|provincias de Canada]]
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2879|provincias e territorios de Canada]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57053|Q57053]]
| [[Provincias de Croatia]]
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
| subdivision administrative de prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q162620|Q162620]]
| [[provincias de Espania]]
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>[[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q126192154|local territorial entity]]''
|
| [[Appendice:Lista de provincias de Espania]]
| divisiones administrative de Espania al secunde nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q15089|Q15089]]
| [[provincias de Italia]]
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
| [[Appendice:Lista de provincias de Italia|lista de provincias de Italia]]
| divisiones administrative de Italia del secunde nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q654140|Q654140]]
| ''[[:d:Q654140|provincias del Republica Democratic del Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2879|Q2879]]
| ''[[:d:Q2879|provincias e territorios de Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q99527517|collective entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119359282|Q119359282]]
| ''[[:d:Q119359282|Provincias escolapias]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106713157|Q106713157]]
| ''[[:d:Q106713157|Provinz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1141653|Q1141653]]
| ''[[:d:Q1141653|prowincja]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65162404|Q65162404]]
| ''[[:d:Q65162404|Przedbramie]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112343199|Q112343199]]
| ''[[:d:Q112343199|Prämonstratenser im Baltikum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q205723|circary of the Premonstratensian Order]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133848565|Q133848565]]
| ''[[:d:Q133848565|préfecture apostolique de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q384003|apostolic prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130083660|Q130083660]]
| ''[[:d:Q130083660|pubblica amministrazione]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3648563|Q3648563]]
| ''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116971501|Q116971501]]
| ''[[:d:Q116971501|public cemetery district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133805184|Q133805184]]
| ''[[:d:Q133805184|Public city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18706073|Q18706073]]
| ''[[:d:Q18706073|public institution of intermunicipal cooperation with own taxation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3591564|établissement public de coopération intercommunale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1269299|type of business entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124466084|Q124466084]]
| ''[[:d:Q124466084|Public land state]]''
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7258038|Q7258038]]
| ''[[:d:Q7258038|public utility district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117532137|Q117532137]]
| ''[[:d:Q117532137|pueblo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11939023|populated place nucleus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14802378|Q14802378]]
| ''[[:d:Q14802378|pukara]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7261368|Q7261368]]
| ''[[:d:Q7261368|purok]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q905280|Q905280]]
| ''[[:d:Q905280|pyatina]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3411946|Q3411946]]
| ''[[:d:Q3411946|périmètre de transport urbain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18652293|Q18652293]]
| ''[[:d:Q18652293|Pó-lí-hiong-ò]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28575|county]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070912|zhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18658211|administrative territorial entity of Taiwan under Qing rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1234236|Q1234236]]
| ''[[:d:Q1234236|pā]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4208486|Q4208486]]
| ''[[:d:Q4208486|qadiyat]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7265965|Q7265965]]
| ''[[:d:Q7265965|qal'a]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>[[Citadella]]<br/>[[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14601169|fortified settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7266905|Q7266905]]
| ''[[:d:Q7266905|qasaba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q89468|kasbah]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104901564|Q104901564]]
| ''[[:d:Q104901564|qila]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11944166|Q11944166]]
| ''[[:d:Q11944166|quadra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16187969|castell termenat (Catalonia)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92107|Q92107]]
| ''[[:d:Q92107|quadrangular castle]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130266390|Q130266390]]
| ''[[:d:Q130266390|quadruple-member district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130266292|district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2983893|Q2983893]]
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79423884|Q79423884]]
| ''[[:d:Q79423884|quarter in Leipzig, Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5571369|Q5571369]]
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47326217|Q47326217]]
| ''[[:d:Q47326217|Quarter of Aradippou Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54867049|Q54867049]]
| ''[[:d:Q54867049|Quarter of Ayios Athanasios Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111305266|Q111305266]]
| ''[[:d:Q111305266|quarter of Bozen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17278559|Q17278559]]
| ''[[:d:Q17278559|quarter of Bremen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927245|Q3927245]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927245|quarter of Brescia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100701580|Q100701580]]
| ''[[:d:Q100701580|quarter of Cagliari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3927246|quarters of Cagliari]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47326257|Q47326257]]
| ''[[:d:Q47326257|Quarter of Dromolaxia-Meneou Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18608436|Q18608436]]
| ''[[:d:Q18608436|quarter of Florence]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17135847|Q17135847]]
| ''[[:d:Q17135847|quarter of Genoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15830667|Q15830667]]
| ''[[:d:Q15830667|quarter of Hamburg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2333944|statistical city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54809707|Q54809707]]
| ''[[:d:Q54809707|Quarter of Kato Polemidia Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100689072|Q100689072]]
| ''[[:d:Q100689072|quarter of La Spezia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47326153|Q47326153]]
| ''[[:d:Q47326153|Quarter of Larnaca Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29463880|Q29463880]]
| ''[[:d:Q29463880|Quarter of Limassol Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54864872|Q54864872]]
| ''[[:d:Q54864872|Quarter of Mesa Geitonia Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3677930|Q3677930]]
| ''[[:d:Q3677930|quarter of Messina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582281|circoscrizione di decentramento comunale in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42961155|Q42961155]]
| ''[[:d:Q42961155|quarter of Milan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55116|Q55116]]
| ''[[:d:Q55116|quarter of Monaco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15646733|administrative territorial entity of Monaco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927261|Q3927261]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927261|quarter of Naples]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64689195|Q64689195]]
| ''[[:d:Q64689195|quarter of Niger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683538|administrative territorial entity of Niger]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927255|Q3927255]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927255|quarter of Palermo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976662|subdivision of Palermo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927259|Q3927259]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927259|quarter of Reggio Calabria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1753792|Q1753792]]
| ''[[:d:Q1753792|quarter of Saint Lucia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15645060|administrative territorial entity of Saint Lucia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28539166|Q28539166]]
| ''[[:d:Q28539166|quarter of the city of Basel, Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3927250|Q3927250]]
| ''[[:d:Q3927250|quarter of the city of Lugano]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917419|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Ticino]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136509639|Q136509639]]
| ''[[:d:Q136509639|quarter of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16965368|Q16965368]]
| ''[[:d:Q16965368|quarter of Venice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17279532|Q17279532]]
| ''[[:d:Q17279532|Quarter of Verona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q54865711|Q54865711]]
| ''[[:d:Q54865711|quarter of Yermasoyia Municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99323582|Q99323582]]
| ''[[:d:Q99323582|quarter or sector of Monaco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15646733|administrative territorial entity of Monaco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99324125|Q99324125]]
| ''[[:d:Q99324125|quarter or sector of Monaco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5154047|Q5154047]]
| ''[[:d:Q5154047|quarter/commune of Cambodia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50201|entitate territorial administrative de Cambodgia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62394014|Q62394014]]
| ''[[:d:Q62394014|Quarters of Aachen,Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253019|Ortsteil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q116235707|Q116235707]]
| ''[[:d:Q116235707|quartier administratif de Brest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22575704|administrative quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131870378|Q131870378]]
| ''[[:d:Q131870378|quartier Gihosha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19593666|Q19593666]]
| ''[[:d:Q19593666|quartier of Nantes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1074955|Q1074955]]
| ''[[:d:Q1074955|quartiere of Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1019982|subdivision of Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5571369|quarter of a city in Italy]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11564414|Q11564414]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564414|quasi-city planning area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28692710|state territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643681|都市計画区域の一覧]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11564415|Q11564415]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564415|Quasi-fire Prevention District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109460707|Q109460707]]
| ''[[:d:Q109460707|quasi-great power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11564397|Q11564397]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564397|Quasi-industrial District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11564383|Q11564383]]
| ''[[:d:Q11564383|Quasi-residential District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23037160|Q23037160]]
| ''[[:d:Q23037160|quasi-state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q16562419|political entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7210356|organisation politic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2789324|Q2789324]]
| ''[[:d:Q2789324|Quatre-Métiers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10358836|Q10358836]]
| ''[[:d:Q10358836|Quatro Brasis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3434769|macroregion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9065457|Q9065457]]
| ''[[:d:Q9065457|Quiñón]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3062125|agricultural holding]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7272815|Q7272815]]
| ''[[:d:Q7272815|Quoad sacra parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107261048|Q107261048]]
| ''[[:d:Q107261048|radar site]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q89578131|radar station]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20727031|Q20727031]]
| ''[[:d:Q20727031|RAF Hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4970338|British Military Hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7373622|Royal Air Force station]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q113269573|list of Royal Air Force hospitals]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7275705|Q7275705]]
| ''[[:d:Q7275705|RAF munitions storage during World War II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2153495|ammunition dump]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1311569|Q1311569]]
| ''[[:d:Q1311569|railway division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24258416|Q24258416]]
| ''[[:d:Q24258416|railway station settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27062006|Q27062006]]
| ''[[:d:Q27062006|railway station settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1782540|Q1782540]]
| ''[[:d:Q1782540|railway town]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11649786|Q11649786]]
| ''[[:d:Q11649786|railway zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1192403|concession]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7688|Q7688]]
| ''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3565075|Q3565075]]
| ''[[:d:Q3565075|raion of city in Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111262701|Q111262701]]
| ''[[:d:Q111262701|raion of Crimea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27969979|administrative division of Crimea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1267632|raion of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137358724|Q137358724]]
| ''[[:d:Q137358724|raion of the Romanian People's Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2358894|former administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20719675|Q20719675]]
| ''[[:d:Q20719675|raion of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1267632|Q1267632]]
| ''[[:d:Q1267632|raion of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97586535|Raions of Ukraine]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2237707|Q2237707]]
| ''[[:d:Q2237707|Rajapalayam]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57156205|Q57156205]]
| ''[[:d:Q57156205|Rajya Sabha constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1344338|Q1344338]]
| ''[[:d:Q1344338|rajōmon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7893898|mon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038522|Q112038522]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038522|Ramos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1416685|Q1416685]]
| ''[[:d:Q1416685|rampart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25506522|Q25506522]]
| ''[[:d:Q25506522|rampart fortress]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25506537|ancient castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23870569|Q23870569]]
| ''[[:d:Q23870569|ranchería of California]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7290796|ranchería]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q72081958|Q72081958]]
| ''[[:d:Q72081958|ranger district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q72082844|protected area section]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1627346|Q1627346]]
| ''[[:d:Q1627346|rape]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4115723|Q4115723]]
| ''[[:d:Q4115723|Rashidun army]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3811245|Arab Jund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q37726|army]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1409035|Q1409035]]
| ''[[:d:Q1409035|Rayon fortress]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4388751|Q4388751]]
| ''[[:d:Q4388751|razryad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1093720|Q1093720]]
| ''[[:d:Q1093720|real union]]''
| [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1140229|political union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183039|form of state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1250464|Q1250464]]
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>[[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5491411|Q5491411]]
| ''[[:d:Q5491411|Realm of Quito]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116780216|fictional geographic entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129331592|Q129331592]]
| ''[[:d:Q129331592|rebel capital city]]''
| [[capital]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64779710|Q64779710]]
| ''[[:d:Q64779710|receiving state or organization]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q245065|intergovernmental organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2135479|Q2135479]]
| ''[[:d:Q2135479|Rechtsbezirk]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1771857|Q1771857]]
| ''[[:d:Q1771857|rechtsrheinische Stadtteile von Mainz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2669190|Q2669190]]
| ''[[:d:Q2669190|rechtstoel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18433455|gerecht]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2322845|Q2322845]]
| ''[[:d:Q2322845|recreation department]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28942311|Q28942311]]
| ''[[:d:Q28942311|recreation park of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q338112|recreation area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3007029|Q3007029]]
| ''[[:d:Q3007029|rectories in the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1190344|Q1190344]]
| ''[[:d:Q1190344|red states and blue states]]''
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q90754|Q90754]]
| ''[[:d:Q90754|redoubt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121025567|Q121025567]]
| ''[[:d:Q121025567|Redwood City council district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1869127|Q1869127]]
| ''[[:d:Q1869127|referentieregio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91432|Q91432]]
| ''[[:d:Q91432|refuge castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10650385|Q10650385]]
| ''[[:d:Q10650385|Regalt pastorat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50314139|pastorate of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q323678|Q323678]]
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q317623|technical standard]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140983875|Q140983875]]
| ''[[:d:Q140983875|Regelbau 1]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930727|Q140930727]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930727|Regelbau 1 (Typ B1)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1762373|Q1762373]]
| ''[[:d:Q1762373|Regelbau 10]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197363|Q118197363]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197363|Regelbau 101]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200207|Q118200207]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200207|Regelbau 102]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202232|Q118202232]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202232|Regelbau 103a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200208|Q118200208]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200208|Regelbau 103b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202233|Q118202233]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202233|Regelbau 103c]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200209|Q118200209]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200209|Regelbau 103d]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202234|Q118202234]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202234|Regelbau 104a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200211|Q118200211]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200211|Regelbau 105]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202235|Q118202235]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202235|Regelbau 106a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200215|Q118200215]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200215|Regelbau 107]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202236|Q118202236]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202236|Regelbau 108b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200206|Q118200206]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200206|Regelbau 10a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200219|Q118200219]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200219|Regelbau 110]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202237|Q118202237]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202237|Regelbau 111a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200222|Q118200222]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200222|Regelbau 112]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202238|Q118202238]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202238|Regelbau 112neu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200225|Q118200225]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200225|Regelbau 114a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202239|Q118202239]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202239|Regelbau 114a-neu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200228|Q118200228]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200228|Regelbau 114b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202241|Q118202241]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202241|Regelbau 115a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200230|Q118200230]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200230|Regelbau 117a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202242|Q118202242]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202242|Regelbau 117a-neu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200233|Q118200233]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200233|Regelbau 117b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197367|Q118197367]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197367|Regelbau 118]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200235|Q118200235]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200235|Regelbau 118a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202244|Q118202244]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202244|Regelbau 118b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200238|Q118200238]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200238|Regelbau 118c]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202245|Q118202245]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202245|Regelbau 119a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200240|Q118200240]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200240|Regelbau 119b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197369|Q118197369]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197369|Regelbau 120]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200243|Q118200243]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200243|Regelbau 121]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197372|Q118197372]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197372|Regelbau 127]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200245|Q118200245]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200245|Regelbau 128]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197374|Q118197374]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197374|Regelbau 132]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200248|Q118200248]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200248|Regelbau 134]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197375|Q118197375]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197375|Regelbau 135]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200250|Q118200250]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200250|Regelbau 136]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197376|Q118197376]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197376|Regelbau 139]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200253|Q118200253]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200253|Regelbau 139a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197377|Q118197377]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197377|Regelbau 142]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200256|Q118200256]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200256|Regelbau 143a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202253|Q118202253]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202253|Regelbau 143b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200259|Q118200259]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200259|Regelbau 179]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197378|Q118197378]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197378|Regelbau 184]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200261|Q118200261]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200261|Regelbau 19]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197379|Q118197379]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197379|Regelbau 193]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200264|Q118200264]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200264|Regelbau 195]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197380|Q118197380]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197380|Regelbau 196]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200267|Q118200267]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200267|Regelbau 197]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197382|Q118197382]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197382|Regelbau 198]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200270|Q118200270]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200270|Regelbau 20]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197383|Q118197383]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197383|Regelbau 212]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200272|Q118200272]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200272|Regelbau 221]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197384|Q118197384]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197384|Regelbau 223]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200275|Q118200275]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200275|Regelbau 227]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197386|Q118197386]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197386|Regelbau 23]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197387|Q118197387]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197387|Regelbau 231]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200279|Q118200279]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200279|Regelbau 232a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202266|Q118202266]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202266|Regelbau 232b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200281|Q118200281]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200281|Regelbau 233]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197388|Q118197388]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197388|Regelbau 234]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200284|Q118200284]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200284|Regelbau 235]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197389|Q118197389]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197389|Regelbau 236]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200287|Q118200287]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200287|Regelbau 237]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197390|Q118197390]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197390|Regelbau 238]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200289|Q118200289]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200289|Regelbau 239]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197391|Q118197391]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197391|Regelbau 240]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200290|Q118200290]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200290|Regelbau 241]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197392|Q118197392]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197392|Regelbau 242]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200291|Q118200291]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200291|Regelbau 243]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197393|Q118197393]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197393|Regelbau 244]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200292|Q118200292]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200292|Regelbau 245]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197394|Q118197394]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197394|Regelbau 246]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200293|Q118200293]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200293|Regelbau 247]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197395|Q118197395]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197395|Regelbau 248]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200294|Q118200294]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200294|Regelbau 249]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197396|Q118197396]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197396|Regelbau 25]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197397|Q118197397]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197397|Regelbau 250]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200298|Q118200298]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200298|Regelbau 259]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200295|Q118200295]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200295|Regelbau 25d]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202841|Q118202841]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202841|Regelbau 25e]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200296|Q118200296]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200296|Regelbau 25f]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197399|Q118197399]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197399|Regelbau 260]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200299|Q118200299]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200299|Regelbau 261]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197400|Q118197400]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197400|Regelbau 263]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197401|Q118197401]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197401|Regelbau 271]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200300|Q118200300]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200300|Regelbau 27a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200301|Q118200301]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200301|Regelbau 3]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197402|Q118197402]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197402|Regelbau 30]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200302|Q118200302]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200302|Regelbau 31]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197403|Q118197403]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197403|Regelbau 395]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200303|Q118200303]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200303|Regelbau 396]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197404|Q118197404]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197404|Regelbau 48]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200304|Q118200304]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200304|Regelbau 501]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197405|Q118197405]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197405|Regelbau 502]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200305|Q118200305]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200305|Regelbau 503]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197406|Q118197406]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197406|Regelbau 504]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200307|Q118200307]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200307|Regelbau 505]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197407|Q118197407]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197407|Regelbau 506]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200308|Q118200308]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200308|Regelbau 507]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197408|Q118197408]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197408|Regelbau 509]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200309|Q118200309]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200309|Regelbau 51]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200310|Q118200310]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200310|Regelbau 515neu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202856|Q118202856]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202856|Regelbau 51a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202857|Q118202857]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202857|Regelbau 52a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200311|Q118200311]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200311|Regelbau 53a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200312|Q118200312]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200312|Regelbau 54a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197409|Q118197409]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197409|Regelbau 55]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200313|Q118200313]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200313|Regelbau 56a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200314|Q118200314]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200314|Regelbau 57a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202861|Q118202861]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202861|Regelbau 58c]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200315|Q118200315]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200315|Regelbau 58d]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202296|Q118202296]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202296|Regelbau 59a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200316|Q118200316]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200316|Regelbau 600]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197410|Q118197410]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197410|Regelbau 601]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200317|Q118200317]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200317|Regelbau 602]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197411|Q118197411]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197411|Regelbau 603]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200318|Q118200318]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200318|Regelbau 604]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197413|Q118197413]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197413|Regelbau 605]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200319|Q118200319]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200319|Regelbau 606]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197414|Q118197414]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197414|Regelbau 607]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200321|Q118200321]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200321|Regelbau 608]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197415|Q118197415]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197415|Regelbau 609]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200323|Q118200323]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200323|Regelbau 610]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197416|Q118197416]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197416|Regelbau 611]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200324|Q118200324]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200324|Regelbau 612]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197417|Q118197417]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197417|Regelbau 613]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200326|Q118200326]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200326|Regelbau 614]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197418|Q118197418]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197418|Regelbau 615]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200327|Q118200327]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200327|Regelbau 616]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197419|Q118197419]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197419|Regelbau 617]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200328|Q118200328]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200328|Regelbau 618]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197420|Q118197420]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197420|Regelbau 619]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200322|Q118200322]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200322|Regelbau 61a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202316|Q118202316]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202316|Regelbau 61b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200329|Q118200329]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200329|Regelbau 620]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197421|Q118197421]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197421|Regelbau 621]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19385995|Q19385995]]
| ''[[:d:Q19385995|Regelbau 622]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197422|Q118197422]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197422|Regelbau 623]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200331|Q118200331]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200331|Regelbau 624]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197424|Q118197424]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197424|Regelbau 625]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200332|Q118200332]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200332|Regelbau 626]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197425|Q118197425]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197425|Regelbau 627]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200333|Q118200333]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200333|Regelbau 628]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197426|Q118197426]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197426|Regelbau 629]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200334|Q118200334]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200334|Regelbau 630]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202336|Q118202336]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202336|Regelbau 630B]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200336|Q118200336]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200336|Regelbau 631]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202337|Q118202337]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202337|Regelbau 631b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200337|Q118200337]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200337|Regelbau 632]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19385996|Q19385996]]
| ''[[:d:Q19385996|Regelbau 633]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200338|Q118200338]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200338|Regelbau 634]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197428|Q118197428]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197428|Regelbau 635]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200339|Q118200339]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200339|Regelbau 636]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202340|Q118202340]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202340|Regelbau 636a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200340|Q118200340]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200340|Regelbau 637]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197429|Q118197429]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197429|Regelbau 638]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200341|Q118200341]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200341|Regelbau 639]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202342|Q118202342]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202342|Regelbau 639A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197430|Q118197430]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197430|Regelbau 640]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201191|Q118201191]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201191|Regelbau 641]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197431|Q118197431]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197431|Regelbau 642]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201192|Q118201192]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201192|Regelbau 643]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197432|Q118197432]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197432|Regelbau 644]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201193|Q118201193]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201193|Regelbau 645]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197438|Q118197438]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197438|Regelbau 646]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201195|Q118201195]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201195|Regelbau 647]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197441|Q118197441]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197441|Regelbau 648]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201197|Q118201197]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201197|Regelbau 649]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201190|Q118201190]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201190|Regelbau 64a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201198|Q118201198]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201198|Regelbau 650]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197444|Q118197444]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197444|Regelbau 651]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200343|Q118200343]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200343|Regelbau 652]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197447|Q118197447]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197447|Regelbau 653]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201199|Q118201199]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201199|Regelbau 653B]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197450|Q118197450]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197450|Regelbau 654]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200345|Q118200345]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200345|Regelbau 655]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197453|Q118197453]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197453|Regelbau 656]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201200|Q118201200]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201200|Regelbau 657]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197456|Q118197456]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197456|Regelbau 658]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200346|Q118200346]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200346|Regelbau 659]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202349|Q118202349]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202349|Regelbau 65a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197459|Q118197459]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197459|Regelbau 660]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200347|Q118200347]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200347|Regelbau 661]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197463|Q118197463]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197463|Regelbau 662]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201202|Q118201202]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201202|Regelbau 663a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200348|Q118200348]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200348|Regelbau 664]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197466|Q118197466]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197466|Regelbau 665]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201203|Q118201203]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201203|Regelbau 666]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197469|Q118197469]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197469|Regelbau 667]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200351|Q118200351]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200351|Regelbau 668]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197473|Q118197473]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197473|Regelbau 669]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200354|Q118200354]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200354|Regelbau 67]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200356|Q118200356]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200356|Regelbau 670]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197477|Q118197477]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197477|Regelbau 671]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200359|Q118200359]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200359|Regelbau 672]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197482|Q118197482]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197482|Regelbau 673]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200361|Q118200361]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200361|Regelbau 674]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197485|Q118197485]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197485|Regelbau 675]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200364|Q118200364]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200364|Regelbau 676]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197488|Q118197488]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197488|Regelbau 677]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200366|Q118200366]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200366|Regelbau 678]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197492|Q118197492]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197492|Regelbau 679]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200369|Q118200369]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200369|Regelbau 68]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197495|Q118197495]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197495|Regelbau 680]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200371|Q118200371]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200371|Regelbau 681]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197498|Q118197498]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197498|Regelbau 682]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200374|Q118200374]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200374|Regelbau 683]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197501|Q118197501]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197501|Regelbau 684]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200376|Q118200376]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200376|Regelbau 685]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197502|Q118197502]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197502|Regelbau 686]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200379|Q118200379]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200379|Regelbau 687]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197503|Q118197503]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197503|Regelbau 688]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200382|Q118200382]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200382|Regelbau 689]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197504|Q118197504]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197504|Regelbau 69]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200384|Q118200384]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200384|Regelbau 690]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197506|Q118197506]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197506|Regelbau 691]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200387|Q118200387]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200387|Regelbau 692]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200389|Q118200389]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200389|Regelbau 693b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197507|Q118197507]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197507|Regelbau 694]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200391|Q118200391]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200391|Regelbau 697]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197508|Q118197508]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197508|Regelbau 698]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200394|Q118200394]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200394|Regelbau 699]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197509|Q118197509]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197509|Regelbau 700]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200396|Q118200396]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200396|Regelbau 701]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197511|Q118197511]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197511|Regelbau 702]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200398|Q118200398]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200398|Regelbau 703]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197513|Q118197513]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197513|Regelbau 704]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200401|Q118200401]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200401|Regelbau 71]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197514|Q118197514]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197514|Regelbau 72]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200403|Q118200403]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200403|Regelbau 74]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197515|Q118197515]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197515|Regelbau 75]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200407|Q118200407]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200407|Regelbau 76]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197516|Q118197516]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197516|Regelbau 77]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200409|Q118200409]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200409|Regelbau 778b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197517|Q118197517]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197517|Regelbau 79]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200412|Q118200412]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200412|Regelbau 8]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197518|Q118197518]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197518|Regelbau 80]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200415|Q118200415]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200415|Regelbau 81]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197520|Q118197520]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197520|Regelbau 82]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197521|Q118197521]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197521|Regelbau 83]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197522|Q118197522]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197522|Regelbau 84]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200422|Q118200422]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200422|Regelbau 85c]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118197523|Q118197523]]
| ''[[:d:Q118197523|Regelbau 86]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200433|Q118200433]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200433|Regelbau Fl156]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202422|Q118202422]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202422|Regelbau Fl241]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200434|Q118200434]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200434|Regelbau Fl242]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202423|Q118202423]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202423|Regelbau Fl243]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200435|Q118200435]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200435|Regelbau Fl243a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202424|Q118202424]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202424|Regelbau Fl244]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200436|Q118200436]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200436|Regelbau Fl245]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202426|Q118202426]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202426|Regelbau Fl246]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200438|Q118200438]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200438|Regelbau Fl247]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202429|Q118202429]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202429|Regelbau Fl248]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200440|Q118200440]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200440|Regelbau Fl249]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202430|Q118202430]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202430|Regelbau Fl250]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200441|Q118200441]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200441|Regelbau Fl255]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202431|Q118202431]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202431|Regelbau Fl256]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200442|Q118200442]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200442|Regelbau Fl258]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199268|Q118199268]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199268|Regelbau Fl276a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200443|Q118200443]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200443|Regelbau Fl277]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202434|Q118202434]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202434|Regelbau Fl292]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200444|Q118200444]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200444|Regelbau Fl300a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202435|Q118202435]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202435|Regelbau Fl304]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200445|Q118200445]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200445|Regelbau Fl306]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202436|Q118202436]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202436|Regelbau Fl307]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200446|Q118200446]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200446|Regelbau Fl311]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202437|Q118202437]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202437|Regelbau Fl314]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200447|Q118200447]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200447|Regelbau Fl317]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199269|Q118199269]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199269|Regelbau Fl320a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201209|Q118201209]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201209|Regelbau Fl331]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202439|Q118202439]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202439|Regelbau Fl336]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200448|Q118200448]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200448|Regelbau Fl343]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202440|Q118202440]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202440|Regelbau Fl351]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200449|Q118200449]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200449|Regelbau Fl354a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199270|Q118199270]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199270|Regelbau Fl354b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200450|Q118200450]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200450|Regelbau Fl362]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198803|Q118198803]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198803|Regelbau L1]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200451|Q118200451]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200451|Regelbau L10]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198805|Q118198805]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198805|Regelbau L13]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200452|Q118200452]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200452|Regelbau L15]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198806|Q118198806]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198806|Regelbau L16]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200454|Q118200454]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200454|Regelbau L2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198807|Q118198807]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198807|Regelbau L4]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200455|Q118200455]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200455|Regelbau L401]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199102|Q118199102]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199102|Regelbau L401A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200456|Q118200456]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200456|Regelbau L402]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198808|Q118198808]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198808|Regelbau L403]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200457|Q118200457]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200457|Regelbau L403A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198809|Q118198809]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198809|Regelbau L404]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200458|Q118200458]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200458|Regelbau L404A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198810|Q118198810]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198810|Regelbau L405]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201210|Q118201210]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201210|Regelbau L405A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198812|Q118198812]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198812|Regelbau L406]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200459|Q118200459]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200459|Regelbau L406A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198813|Q118198813]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198813|Regelbau L407]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201212|Q118201212]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201212|Regelbau L407A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198814|Q118198814]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198814|Regelbau L408]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200460|Q118200460]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200460|Regelbau L408A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199105|Q118199105]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199105|Regelbau L408B]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200461|Q118200461]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200461|Regelbau L409]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199107|Q118199107]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199107|Regelbau L409a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199109|Q118199109]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199109|Regelbau L409B]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200463|Q118200463]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200463|Regelbau L410]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199112|Q118199112]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199112|Regelbau L410A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200464|Q118200464]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200464|Regelbau L411]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199114|Q118199114]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199114|Regelbau L411A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200465|Q118200465]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200465|Regelbau L412]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199117|Q118199117]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199117|Regelbau L412A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200466|Q118200466]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200466|Regelbau L413]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199120|Q118199120]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199120|Regelbau L413A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200468|Q118200468]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200468|Regelbau L414]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199122|Q118199122]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199122|Regelbau L414A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200469|Q118200469]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200469|Regelbau L415]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199125|Q118199125]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199125|Regelbau L415A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200470|Q118200470]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200470|Regelbau L416]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199127|Q118199127]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199127|Regelbau L416A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200471|Q118200471]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200471|Regelbau L417]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198815|Q118198815]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198815|Regelbau L418]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200472|Q118200472]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200472|Regelbau L419]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199130|Q118199130]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199130|Regelbau L419A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200473|Q118200473]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200473|Regelbau L420]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199132|Q118199132]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199132|Regelbau L420A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200474|Q118200474]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200474|Regelbau L421A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198816|Q118198816]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198816|Regelbau L422]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200476|Q118200476]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200476|Regelbau L422A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198817|Q118198817]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198817|Regelbau L424]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200478|Q118200478]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200478|Regelbau L424A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198819|Q118198819]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198819|Regelbau L425]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200479|Q118200479]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200479|Regelbau L425A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198820|Q118198820]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198820|Regelbau L426]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201213|Q118201213]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201213|Regelbau L427]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198821|Q118198821]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198821|Regelbau L428]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201214|Q118201214]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201214|Regelbau L429]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199135|Q118199135]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199135|Regelbau L430A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201215|Q118201215]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201215|Regelbau L434]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199137|Q118199137]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199137|Regelbau L435A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201216|Q118201216]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201216|Regelbau L436]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198823|Q118198823]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198823|Regelbau L470]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201218|Q118201218]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201218|Regelbau L479]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198824|Q118198824]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198824|Regelbau L480]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200480|Q118200480]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200480|Regelbau L481]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198826|Q118198826]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198826|Regelbau L482]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201219|Q118201219]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201219|Regelbau L483]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198827|Q118198827]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198827|Regelbau L484]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200481|Q118200481]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200481|Regelbau L485(1)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202497|Q118202497]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202497|Regelbau L485(2)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201220|Q118201220]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201220|Regelbau L486]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198828|Q118198828]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198828|Regelbau L487]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200482|Q118200482]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200482|Regelbau L489]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198830|Q118198830]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198830|Regelbau L490]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201221|Q118201221]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201221|Regelbau L494]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198831|Q118198831]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198831|Regelbau L5]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200483|Q118200483]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200483|Regelbau L7]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198832|Q118198832]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198832|Regelbau L9]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200484|Q118200484]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200484|Regelbau M120]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198833|Q118198833]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198833|Regelbau M123]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201223|Q118201223]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201223|Regelbau M131]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198834|Q118198834]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198834|Regelbau M132]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201224|Q118201224]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201224|Regelbau M145]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198836|Q118198836]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198836|Regelbau M150]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200485|Q118200485]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200485|Regelbau M151]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198837|Q118198837]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198837|Regelbau M152]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200486|Q118200486]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200486|Regelbau M157]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198839|Q118198839]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198839|Regelbau M158]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200487|Q118200487]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200487|Regelbau M159]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198840|Q118198840]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198840|Regelbau M160]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201225|Q118201225]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201225|Regelbau M162a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198841|Q118198841]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198841|Regelbau M163]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200489|Q118200489]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200489|Regelbau M170]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198843|Q118198843]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198843|Regelbau M172]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200492|Q118200492]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200492|Regelbau M176]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198844|Q118198844]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198844|Regelbau M178]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201226|Q118201226]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201226|Regelbau M180]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198845|Q118198845]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198845|Regelbau M182]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200495|Q118200495]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200495|Regelbau M183]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198846|Q118198846]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198846|Regelbau M184]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201227|Q118201227]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201227|Regelbau M195]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198847|Q118198847]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198847|Regelbau M200]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200498|Q118200498]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200498|Regelbau M201]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198849|Q118198849]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198849|Regelbau M219]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200500|Q118200500]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200500|Regelbau M262]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198850|Q118198850]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198850|Regelbau M263]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200503|Q118200503]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200503|Regelbau M265a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198851|Q118198851]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198851|Regelbau M270]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200505|Q118200505]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200505|Regelbau M271]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198852|Q118198852]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198852|Regelbau M272]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200507|Q118200507]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200507|Regelbau M283]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198853|Q118198853]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198853|Regelbau M296]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200510|Q118200510]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200510|Regelbau M304]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198854|Q118198854]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198854|Regelbau M305]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201228|Q118201228]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201228|Regelbau M306]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198855|Q118198855]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198855|Regelbau M362]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200513|Q118200513]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200513|Regelbau M372]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198856|Q118198856]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198856|Regelbau M383]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201229|Q118201229]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201229|Regelbau M384]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200428|Q118200428]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200428|Regelbau N/A]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198857|Q118198857]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198857|Regelbau S100]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200516|Q118200516]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200516|Regelbau S169]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198858|Q118198858]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198858|Regelbau S174]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198859|Q118198859]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198859|Regelbau S262]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201837|Q118201837]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201837|Regelbau S302]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198861|Q118198861]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198861|Regelbau S384]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200523|Q118200523]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200523|Regelbau S412]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198862|Q118198862]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198862|Regelbau S414]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200525|Q118200525]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200525|Regelbau S446]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198863|Q118198863]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198863|Regelbau S448]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118201838|Q118201838]]
| ''[[:d:Q118201838|Regelbau S448a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198865|Q118198865]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198865|Regelbau S449]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200529|Q118200529]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200529|Regelbau S468]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198866|Q118198866]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198866|Regelbau S487]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200532|Q118200532]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200532|Regelbau S497]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198867|Q118198867]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198867|Regelbau S498]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200535|Q118200535]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200535|Regelbau S504]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198869|Q118198869]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198869|Regelbau S515]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200538|Q118200538]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200538|Regelbau S536]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198871|Q118198871]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198871|Regelbau S539]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200541|Q118200541]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200541|Regelbau S542]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198872|Q118198872]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198872|Regelbau S548]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200543|Q118200543]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200543|Regelbau S561]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198874|Q118198874]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198874|Regelbau S611]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200546|Q118200546]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200546|Regelbau S646]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198875|Q118198875]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198875|Regelbau S740]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200550|Q118200550]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200550|Regelbau S741]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198876|Q118198876]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198876|Regelbau S742]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200553|Q118200553]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200553|Regelbau S75]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198877|Q118198877]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198877|Regelbau S80]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200555|Q118200555]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200555|Regelbau V134]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198878|Q118198878]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198878|Regelbau V142]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200558|Q118200558]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200558|Regelbau V143]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198880|Q118198880]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198880|Regelbau V148]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200560|Q118200560]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200560|Regelbau V149]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198881|Q118198881]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198881|Regelbau V157]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200563|Q118200563]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200563|Regelbau V165]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198882|Q118198882]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198882|Regelbau V174]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200566|Q118200566]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200566|Regelbau V189]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198884|Q118198884]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198884|Regelbau V191]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200568|Q118200568]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200568|Regelbau V192]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198885|Q118198885]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198885|Regelbau V193]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200571|Q118200571]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200571|Regelbau V194]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198886|Q118198886]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198886|Regelbau V196]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200573|Q118200573]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200573|Regelbau V206]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198888|Q118198888]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198888|Regelbau V214]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200574|Q118200574]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200574|Regelbau V229]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198889|Q118198889]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198889|Regelbau V233]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200575|Q118200575]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200575|Regelbau V239]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198891|Q118198891]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198891|Regelbau V255]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200576|Q118200576]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200576|Regelbau V277]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198893|Q118198893]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198893|Regelbau V297]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200577|Q118200577]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200577|Regelbau V426]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118198894|Q118198894]]
| ''[[:d:Q118198894|Regelbau V481]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200578|Q118200578]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200578|Regelbau V482]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199271|Q118199271]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199271|Regelbau Vf1a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200579|Q118200579]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200579|Regelbau Vf1b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199272|Q118199272]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199272|Regelbau Vf2a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200581|Q118200581]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200581|Regelbau Vf2b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199273|Q118199273]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199273|Regelbau Vf2c]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200582|Q118200582]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200582|Regelbau Vf2d]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199274|Q118199274]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199274|Regelbau Vf4a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200583|Q118200583]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200583|Regelbau Vf4b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199275|Q118199275]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199275|Regelbau Vf5a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200585|Q118200585]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200585|Regelbau Vf5b(1)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200586|Q118200586]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200586|Regelbau Vf6a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199276|Q118199276]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199276|Regelbau Vf6b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200588|Q118200588]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200588|Regelbau Vf7a]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199277|Q118199277]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199277|Regelbau Vf7b]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118200589|Q118200589]]
| ''[[:d:Q118200589|Regelbau Vf7c]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118199278|Q118199278]]
| ''[[:d:Q118199278|Regelbau Vf7d]]''
| ''[[:d:Q323678|Regelbau]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123127825|Q123127825]]
| ''[[:d:Q123127825|regencies and cities of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5653|regencies and cities of Indonesia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114186325|Q114186325]]
| ''[[:d:Q114186325|Regency-level government in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114166528|Regency/City-level government in Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114166528|Q114166528]]
| ''[[:d:Q114166528|Regency/City-level government in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12504393|local government in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106686045|Q106686045]]
| ''[[:d:Q106686045|Regierungsbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q42690972|government region of the Grand Duchy of Hesse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124347510|Q124347510]]
| ''[[:d:Q124347510|regija sodelovanja]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4370308|Q4370308]]
| ''[[:d:Q4370308|regiment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q580112|military district]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4057633|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136657010|Q136657010]]
| ''[[:d:Q136657010|Regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52371|regiment]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23905069|military unit type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7308407|Q7308407]]
| ''[[:d:Q7308407|regimental depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2615343|Q2615343]]
| ''[[:d:Q2615343|region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114221762|Q114221762]]
| ''[[:d:Q114221762|region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3455524|Q3455524]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18810687|political institution]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q779415|Q779415]]
| ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''
| ''[[:d:Q119608727|province-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24953176|special administrative region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22721|Q22721]]
| [[Regierungsbezirk|Region administrative-governamental]]
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1710033|Q1710033]]
| ''[[:d:Q1710033|region autonome con statuto special]]''
| [[regiones de Italia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2914565|Q2914565]]
| ''[[:d:Q2914565|region autonome de Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q406957|NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41791733|statistical territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q753113|Q753113]]
| ''[[:d:Q753113|region de Brasil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3434769|macroregion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q590080|Q590080]]
| ''[[:d:Q590080|region de Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q36784|Q36784]]
| [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2366417|ranked list of French regions]]''
| entitates administrative de secunde nivello in Francia
|-
| [[:d:Q842420|Q842420]]
| ''[[:d:Q842420|region de Uzbekistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631083|administrative territorial entity of Uzbekistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114839586|Q114839586]]
| ''[[:d:Q114839586|region of Aruba]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136256735|Q136256735]]
| ''[[:d:Q136256735|region of Aruba]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15066925|Q15066925]]
| ''[[:d:Q15066925|region of Augustan Italy]]''
| [[region]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q209325|Q209325]]
| ''[[:d:Q209325|region of Belarus]]''
| [[oblast]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q83057|Q83057]]
| ''[[:d:Q83057|region of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q838185|communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q138823494|federated region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q406957|NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867094|Q867094]]
| ''[[:d:Q867094|region of Burkina Faso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15063111|administrative territorial entity of Burkina Faso]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q869042|Q869042]]
| ''[[:d:Q869042|region of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47451163|Q47451163]]
| ''[[:d:Q47451163|region of Canton of Neuchâtel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724764|Q20724764]]
| ''[[:d:Q20724764|region of Czechoslovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q691899|kraj]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q851830|Q851830]]
| ''[[:d:Q851830|region of Côte d'Ivoire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62326|Q62326]]
| ''[[:d:Q62326|region of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1202812|Q1202812]]
| ''[[:d:Q1202812|region of Djibouti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1188183|administrative territorial entity of Djibouti]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q56290943|Regions of Djibouti]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48091|Q48091]]
| ''[[:d:Q48091|region of England]]''
| ''[[:d:Q171634|administrative territorial entity of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6955655|ITL 1 statistical regions of England]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22696381|Q22696381]]
| ''[[:d:Q22696381|region of Equatorial Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3557016|administrative territorial entity of Equatorial Guinea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q874223|Q874223]]
| ''[[:d:Q874223|region of Eritrea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15728794|administrative territorial entity of Eritrea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[region]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1069042|Q1069042]]
| ''[[:d:Q1069042|region of Eswatini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2715909|administrative territorial entity of Eswatini]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1057504|Q1057504]]
| ''[[:d:Q1057504|region of Ethiopia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q193512|Q193512]]
| ''[[:d:Q193512|region of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1052743|Q1052743]]
| ''[[:d:Q1052743|region of Ghana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15045746|administrative territorial entity of Ghana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23013985|Q23013985]]
| ''[[:d:Q23013985|region of Graubünden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q662914|district in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6104004|Q6104004]]
| ''[[:d:Q6104004|region of Guerrero]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1067116|Q1067116]]
| ''[[:d:Q1067116|region of Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502438|administrative territorial entity of Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1054403|Q1054403]]
| ''[[:d:Q1054403|region of Guinea-Bissau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631050|administrative territorial entity of Guinea-Bissau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2087773|Q2087773]]
| ''[[:d:Q2087773|region of Guyana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19904526|administrative territorial entity of Guyana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q842100|Q842100]]
| ''[[:d:Q842100|region of Iceland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1143175|administrative division of Iceland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17507090|Q17507090]]
| ''[[:d:Q17507090|region of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9067642|Q9067642]]
| ''[[:d:Q9067642|region of Jalisco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16933860|intrastate region of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q836672|Q836672]]
| ''[[:d:Q836672|region of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>[[oblast]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q693039|Q693039]]
| ''[[:d:Q693039|region of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623974|administrative territorial entity of Kyrgyzstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q971831|Q971831]]
| ''[[:d:Q971831|region of Madagascar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1087635|administrative territorial entity of Madagascar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3271886|Q3271886]]
| ''[[:d:Q3271886|region of Malawi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631058|administrative territorial entity of Malawi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q743074|Q743074]]
| ''[[:d:Q743074|region of Mali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520541|administrative territorial entity of Mali]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309296|Q7309296]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309296|region of Malta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15631694|administrative territorial entity of Malta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q846327|Q846327]]
| ''[[:d:Q846327|region of Mauritania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631060|administrative territorial entity of Mauritania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q845643|Q845643]]
| ''[[:d:Q845643|region of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124364380|territorial community of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15072454|Q15072454]]
| ''[[:d:Q15072454|region of Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q608843|Q608843]]
| ''[[:d:Q608843|region of Namibia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631066|administrative territorial entity of Namibia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q216712|Q216712]]
| ''[[:d:Q216712|region of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15063160|administrative territorial entity of New Zealand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q859869|Q859869]]
| ''[[:d:Q859869|region of Niger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683538|administrative territorial entity of Niger]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27535996|Q27535996]]
| ''[[:d:Q27535996|region of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q369639|Q369639]]
| ''[[:d:Q369639|region of Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2543447|Q2543447]]
| ''[[:d:Q2543447|region of Nunavut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q5393378|Q5393378]]
| ''[[:d:Q5393378|region of Oaxaca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16933860|intrastate region of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18592743|Q18592743]]
| ''[[:d:Q18592743|region of Oman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644782|administrative territorial entity of Oman]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q45220060|Q45220060]]
| ''[[:d:Q45220060|Region of Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18324095|administrative territorial entity of Palestine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2568951|Q2568951]]
| ''[[:d:Q2568951|region of Papua New Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3098609|administrative territorial entity of Papua New Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1973901|economic region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q130397845|巴布亞新幾內亞大區列表]]''
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q304564|Q304564]]
| ''[[:d:Q304564|region of Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1346540|Q1346540]]
| ''[[:d:Q1346540|region of Queensland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q847667|Q847667]]
| ''[[:d:Q847667|region of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2091262|Q2091262]]
| ''[[:d:Q2091262|region of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50513|administrative territorial entity of Singapore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15057583|Q15057583]]
| ''[[:d:Q15057583|region of Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q243669|subdivisions of Slovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q691899|kraj]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15059108|Q15059108]]
| ''[[:d:Q15059108|region of Somalia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q878116|administrative territorial entity of Somalia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1137691|Q1137691]]
| ''[[:d:Q1137691|region of Somaliland]]''
| [[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49495331|administrative territorial entity of Somaliland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19877569|Q19877569]]
| ''[[:d:Q19877569|region of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111241509|Q111241509]]
| ''[[:d:Q111241509|region of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104117291|Q104117291]]
| ''[[:d:Q104117291|region of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28070554|Q28070554]]
| ''[[:d:Q28070554|region of Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631073|administrative territorial entity of Sudan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5662027|Q5662027]]
| ''[[:d:Q5662027|region of Tabasco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16056704|Q16056704]]
| ''[[:d:Q16056704|region of Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867545|Q867545]]
| ''[[:d:Q867545|region of Tajikistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683558|administrative territorial entity of Tajikistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q845820|Q845820]]
| ''[[:d:Q845820|region of Tanzania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q867371|administrative territorial entity of Tanzania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q867459|Q867459]]
| ''[[:d:Q867459|region of Thailand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q38911|Q38911]]
| ''[[:d:Q38911|region of the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q691899|kraj]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67304002|type of legal entity in the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1000858|Q1000858]]
| ''[[:d:Q1000858|region of the Faroe Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15729138|administrative territorial entity of the Faroe Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15646510|Q15646510]]
| ''[[:d:Q15646510|region of the Gambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631093|administrative territorial entity of the Gambia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105490688|Q105490688]]
| ''[[:d:Q105490688|region of the levant]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17054562|Q17054562]]
| ''[[:d:Q17054562|region of the Northern Territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683575|Q4683575]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683575|region of the People's Republic of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2358894|former administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24698|Q24698]]
| ''[[:d:Q24698|region of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309312|Q7309312]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309312|region of the San Diego metropolitan area]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139228|Q139228]]
| ''[[:d:Q139228|region of Togo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631084|administrative territorial entity of Togo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1328578|Q1328578]]
| ''[[:d:Q1328578|region of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12014176|Q12014176]]
| ''[[:d:Q12014176|region of Turkmenistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3076685|Q3076685]]
| ''[[:d:Q3076685|region of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84823091|Q84823091]]
| ''[[:d:Q84823091|region of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309309|Q7309309]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309309|region of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116685595|Q116685595]]
| ''[[:d:Q116685595|Region of Waqooyibari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15059108|region of Somalia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7437892|Q7437892]]
| ''[[:d:Q7437892|region or constituency of the Scottish Parliament]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6970524|Q6970524]]
| ''[[:d:Q6970524|region or constituency of the Senedd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43389550|Q43389550]]
| ''[[:d:Q43389550|region or constituency of the Slovenian Parliament]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3320166|Q3320166]]
| [[Region ultraperipheric del Union Europee]]
| [[Organisation territorial del Union Europee]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3455648|Q3455648]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455648|Regional Authorities in Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109382914|Q109382914]]
| ''[[:d:Q109382914|regional capital in Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23827464|centre of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110571169|city in Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20899166|Q20899166]]
| ''[[:d:Q20899166|regional capital of France]]''
| [[Communa (Francia)|communa de Francia]]
| ''[[:d:Q956214|chef-lieu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20724715|Q20724715]]
| ''[[:d:Q20724715|regional center of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20732239|Q20732239]]
| ''[[:d:Q20732239|regional corporation of Trinidad and Tobago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20732236|administrative territorial entity of Trinidad and Tobago]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1996198|Q1996198]]
| ''[[:d:Q1996198|regional corporation or municipality of Trinidad and Tobago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20732236|administrative territorial entity of Trinidad and Tobago]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125982173|Q125982173]]
| ''[[:d:Q125982173|Regional Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60297|Regions of Western Australia]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1754161|Q1754161]]
| ''[[:d:Q1754161|regional council in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8100472|secondary municipality]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106513499|county government]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1022469|Q1022469]]
| ''[[:d:Q1022469|regional council of Israel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2762194|local government in Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134528513|regional assembly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65600637|Q65600637]]
| ''[[:d:Q65600637|regional council of New Zealand]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q204613|Q204613]]
| ''[[:d:Q204613|regional county municipality of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18810091|census division of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101065901|Q101065901]]
| ''[[:d:Q101065901|regional decentralization entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104182212|Q104182212]]
| ''[[:d:Q104182212|regional decentralization entity of Udine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101065901|regional decentralization entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q464235|Q464235]]
| ''[[:d:Q464235|regional district in Bavaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85796467|Q85796467]]
| ''[[:d:Q85796467|regional district in British Columbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1388464|regional municipality in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850674|list of regional districts of British Columbia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10369211|Q10369211]]
| ''[[:d:Q10369211|Regional Executive Secretariats]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21326003|administrative territorial entity of Fortaleza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119627394|Q119627394]]
| ''[[:d:Q119627394|regional government]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1388464|Q1388464]]
| ''[[:d:Q1388464|regional municipality in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1053463|census geographic unit of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14762890|Q14762890]]
| ''[[:d:Q14762890|regional municipality of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1388464|regional municipality in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16295254|upper-tier municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48977323|Q48977323]]
| ''[[:d:Q48977323|regional office of education]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4120211|Q4120211]]
| ''[[:d:Q4120211|regional organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q484652|organisation international]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6063204|Q6063204]]
| ''[[:d:Q6063204|regional park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>[[parco]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
| [[parco]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309228|Q7309228]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309228|regional park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79979740|Q79979740]]
| ''[[:d:Q79979740|regional park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6063204|regional park]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65498881|protected area of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107691783|Q107691783]]
| ''[[:d:Q107691783|Regional Park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25429352|protected area of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6063204|regional park]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108028209|designation type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q339834|Q339834]]
| ''[[:d:Q339834|regional power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16941482|Q16941482]]
| ''[[:d:Q16941482|regional reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17000624|protected area of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24185502|Q24185502]]
| ''[[:d:Q24185502|regional reserve of South Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16941482|regional reserve]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309237|Q7309237]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309237|Regional school unit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2371398|Q2371398]]
| ''[[:d:Q2371398|Regional Service Commission]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3153117|local government cooperation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3111821|community of New Brunswick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2586717|Q2586717]]
| ''[[:d:Q2586717|Regional State Administrative Agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56652485|Q56652485]]
| ''[[:d:Q56652485|regional superintendency of Rio de Janeiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2673124|administrative territorial entity of Rio de Janeiro]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97192525|Q97192525]]
| ''[[:d:Q97192525|regional town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11895038|Finnish cities]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3312607|Q3312607]]
| ''[[:d:Q3312607|regional unit of Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124827867|Q124827867]]
| ''[[:d:Q124827867|Regional War Rooms]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1772543|command center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1772543|command center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31892768|Q31892768]]
| ''[[:d:Q31892768|Regionbildning i Sverige]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q207299|Q207299]]
| [[Regiones de Grecia]]
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q16110|Q16110]]
| [[regiones de Italia]]
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q699386|statutory corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q21235336|list of regions of Italy]]''
| divisiones administrative italian del prime nivello
|-
| [[:d:Q3085683|Q3085683]]
| ''[[:d:Q3085683|regiones de planification de Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47463972|Q47463972]]
| ''[[:d:Q47463972|Regiones de San Luis Potosí]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7604410|Q7604410]]
| ''[[:d:Q7604410|regiones statistic de Lettonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3455647|Q3455647]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455647|Regions of Argentina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3042547|administrative territorial entity of Argentina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309290|Q7309290]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309290|Regions of Gujarat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22569582|Q22569582]]
| ''[[:d:Q22569582|Regions of Iraq]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23132150|Q23132150]]
| ''[[:d:Q23132150|regions of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60297|Q60297]]
| ''[[:d:Q60297|Regions of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2138558|Q2138558]]
| ''[[:d:Q2138558|regiopolis]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309443|Q7309443]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309443|registration county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350181|shire of Scotland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7309444|Q7309444]]
| ''[[:d:Q7309444|registration district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18333556|Q18333556]]
| ''[[:d:Q18333556|registration district in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q18678324|luettelo Ruotsin piireistä]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106256482|Q106256482]]
| ''[[:d:Q106256482|registration sub-district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57365472|Q57365472]]
| ''[[:d:Q57365472|região administrativa (Governo do Estado de São Paulo)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57352610|Q57352610]]
| ''[[:d:Q57352610|região administrativa (Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57364104|Q57364104]]
| ''[[:d:Q57364104|região administrativa (Governo do Município de São Paulo)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116196304|Q116196304]]
| ''[[:d:Q116196304|região econômica da Bahia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1973901|economic region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116196326|subdivisões da Bahia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52263348|Q52263348]]
| ''[[:d:Q52263348|Regió Sanitària Catalunya Central]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52262494|Région sanitaire catalane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52262494|Région sanitaire catalane]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52262893|Q52262893]]
| ''[[:d:Q52262893|Regió Sanitària Lleida]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52262494|Région sanitaire catalane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52262494|Région sanitaire catalane]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6104039|Q6104039]]
| ''[[:d:Q6104039|región socioeconómica de Costa Rica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2138693|Q2138693]]
| ''[[:d:Q2138693|Regna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q417175|Q417175]]
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q202686|Q202686]]
| ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63947580|Q63947580]]
| ''[[:d:Q63947580|Reichsbahndirektion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1311569|railway division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q642961|Q642961]]
| ''[[:d:Q642961|Reichsgau]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q543813|Q543813]]
| ''[[:d:Q543813|Reichskommissariat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107212476|Q107212476]]
| ''[[:d:Q107212476|Reichstagswahlkreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107212478|Q107212478]]
| ''[[:d:Q107212478|Reichstagswahlkreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118353105|Q118353105]]
| ''[[:d:Q118353105|Reichsverkehrsdirektion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1311569|railway division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99529039|Q99529039]]
| ''[[:d:Q99529039|Reichsvogtei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98543318|Vogtei]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16323327|Q16323327]]
| ''[[:d:Q16323327|reindeer herding district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21528797|Q21528797]]
| ''[[:d:Q21528797|reitoria of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q380230|administrative territorial entity of Portugal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11997521|Q11997521]]
| ''[[:d:Q11997521|rekketun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2023000|khutor]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136102552|Q136102552]]
| ''[[:d:Q136102552|rektorat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130375713|Q130375713]]
| ''[[:d:Q130375713|relief landing ground]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7373622|Royal Air Force station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62447|aerodrome]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20926517|Q20926517]]
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642541|human-geographic territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11573460|Q11573460]]
| ''[[:d:Q11573460|remaining original tenshu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49144|tenshu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q93465857|dodecad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115641647|Q115641647]]
| ''[[:d:Q115641647|Rentamt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1416296|revenue authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1502123|Q1502123]]
| ''[[:d:Q1502123|rentier state]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q66762677|political term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4393587|Q4393587]]
| ''[[:d:Q4393587|republic]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1216856|Q1216856]]
| ''[[:d:Q1216856|republic in the Commonwealth of Nations]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135670789|Q135670789]]
| ''[[:d:Q135670789|Republic of Corterra]]''
| [[pais]]
| [[micronation]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105097234|Q105097234]]
| ''[[:d:Q105097234|Republic of Korea Armed Forces hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105025418|Republic of Korea unit]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41162|Q41162]]
| ''[[:d:Q41162|republic of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43263|federal subject of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4393587|republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q236036|Q236036]]
| ''[[:d:Q236036|republic of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23037160|quasi-state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q93465928|pentadecad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q512187|Q512187]]
| ''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>[[republica]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q672729|Q672729]]
| [[Republica islamic]]
| [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q138567551|islamic theocracy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60755299|Q60755299]]
| ''[[:d:Q60755299|Republican empire]]''
| [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57237926|Q57237926]]
| ''[[:d:Q57237926|reservation]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12575811|Q12575811]]
| ''[[:d:Q12575811|reserve airfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2027233|Q2027233]]
| ''[[:d:Q2027233|reserve officers academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q489983|Q489983]]
| ''[[:d:Q489983|Reserve Officers' Training Corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23002039|public educational institution of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1685451|student society]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55553504|Q55553504]]
| ''[[:d:Q55553504|reserve station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59390111|Q59390111]]
| ''[[:d:Q59390111|reserved seat for women]]''
| ''[[:d:Q47468610|constituency of the Jatiya Sangsad]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23901112|Q23901112]]
| ''[[:d:Q23901112|reserved sector]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646733|administrative territorial entity of Monaco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2714042|Q2714042]]
| ''[[:d:Q2714042|Residency]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2145649|Q2145649]]
| ''[[:d:Q2145649|residency of British India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2714042|Residency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41762668|Q41762668]]
| ''[[:d:Q41762668|residency of the German Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q985488|Q985488]]
| ''[[:d:Q985488|residential community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10930275|grassroots mass autonomous organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12808731|Q12808731]]
| ''[[:d:Q12808731|residents' committee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1180262|Q1180262]]
| ''[[:d:Q1180262|residenz]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60740115|Q60740115]]
| ''[[:d:Q60740115|resort municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27517161|Q27517161]]
| ''[[:d:Q27517161|resort settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15078955|urban-type settlement in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4946461|spa town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91733598|Q91733598]]
| ''[[:d:Q91733598|resort settlement in Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91730648|urban-type settlement in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4946461|spa town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6636519|Q6636519]]
| ''[[:d:Q6636519|resort village in Saskatchewan]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17110751|municipality in Saskatchewan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6644778|village in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q100319996|Q100319996]]
| ''[[:d:Q100319996|resource conservation district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138086159|Q138086159]]
| ''[[:d:Q138086159|resources depleted city in the PRC]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q137015716|type of location]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1539014|Q1539014]]
| ''[[:d:Q1539014|ressort of Suriname]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11048714|administrative territorial entity of Suriname]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1269448|Q1269448]]
| ''[[:d:Q1269448|retirement community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13402009|apartment building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4691828|age-restricted community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2146397|Q2146397]]
| ''[[:d:Q2146397|Rettungsdienstzweckverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q231838|special district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7318016|Q7318016]]
| ''[[:d:Q7318016|revenue block]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125626445|Q125626445]]
| ''[[:d:Q125626445|revenue division in Andhra Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125627541|Q125627541]]
| ''[[:d:Q125627541|revenue division in Kerala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125626392|Q125626392]]
| ''[[:d:Q125626392|revenue division in Tamil Nadu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125626476|Q125626476]]
| ''[[:d:Q125626476|revenue division in Telangana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7318330|Q7318330]]
| ''[[:d:Q7318330|revetment]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1727242|Q1727242]]
| ''[[:d:Q1727242|Revier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2507626|water area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116447059|territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31892190|Q31892190]]
| ''[[:d:Q31892190|revir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7318915|Q7318915]]
| ''[[:d:Q7318915|revolutionary base area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138155520|controlled geographic area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q138156554|base area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136558811|type of military area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q276718|Q276718]]
| ''[[:d:Q276718|revolutionary committee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25107|power]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1255087|Q1255087]]
| ''[[:d:Q1255087|Revolutionary section of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2148181|Q2148181]]
| ''[[:d:Q2148181|Rhode]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498876|Q101498876]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498876|Rhode Island Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498988|Q101498988]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498988|Rhode Island Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1673081|Q1673081]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673081|Rhön watch tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1386235|medieval watchtower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q483519|Q483519]]
| ''[[:d:Q483519|ri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130376174|Q130376174]]
| ''[[:d:Q130376174|ri (administrative)]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q935723|Q935723]]
| ''[[:d:Q935723|rib vault]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14089752|groin vault]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1333989|Q1333989]]
| ''[[:d:Q1333989|ribat]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134877362|Q134877362]]
| ''[[:d:Q134877362|Rice Pattern Blockhouse]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q244824|Q244824]]
| ''[[:d:Q244824|ricetto]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1566644|Q1566644]]
| ''[[:d:Q1566644|ridge castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2316164|Q2316164]]
| ''[[:d:Q2316164|riding]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q94730503|Q94730503]]
| ''[[:d:Q94730503|riding of Yorkshire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131322997|Q131322997]]
| ''[[:d:Q131322997|rifle fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105723488|Q105723488]]
| ''[[:d:Q105723488|ring shaped hillfort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7335033|Q7335033]]
| ''[[:d:Q7335033|ringwork castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13410445|Q13410445]]
| ''[[:d:Q13410445|rione]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1229454|Q1229454]]
| ''[[:d:Q1229454|rione of Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1019982|subdivision of Rome]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97097563|Q97097563]]
| ''[[:d:Q97097563|rioni of Faenza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13410445|rione]]''
| ''[[:d:Q676050|old town]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26846540|Q26846540]]
| ''[[:d:Q26846540|Ritterkanton]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132017|Q132017]]
| ''[[:d:Q132017|river basin district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13090337|Q13090337]]
| ''[[:d:Q13090337|Riyasat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21824871|Q21824871]]
| ''[[:d:Q21824871|ro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31086069|Q31086069]]
| ''[[:d:Q31086069|road base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110265747|Q110265747]]
| ''[[:d:Q110265747|road district of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7339483|Q7339483]]
| ''[[:d:Q7339483|road district of Victoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30129411|former local government area of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114047909|Q114047909]]
| ''[[:d:Q114047909|roadblock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1402346|field fortification]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136115469|Q136115469]]
| ''[[:d:Q136115469|robber baron castle]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q751876|château]]''<br/>[[castello]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1047280|Q1047280]]
| ''[[:d:Q1047280|rocade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1195705|Q1195705]]
| ''[[:d:Q1195705|rocca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q271669|landform]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1404207|rock castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1404207|Q1404207]]
| ''[[:d:Q1404207|rock castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137259211|Q137259211]]
| ''[[:d:Q137259211|rocket force university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130382439|military university]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130388971|type of university]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q828218|Q828218]]
| ''[[:d:Q828218|rogue state]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q2101619|political slogan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106398268|Q106398268]]
| ''[[:d:Q106398268|Rollbahn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18088164|Q18088164]]
| ''[[:d:Q18088164|Roman army summer camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105406193|Q105406193]]
| ''[[:d:Q105406193|Roman Catholic archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105072138|Catholic archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105419665|Q105419665]]
| ''[[:d:Q105419665|Roman Catholic archdiocese not metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105406193|Roman Catholic archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105072162|Catholic archdiocese not metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114742342|Q114742342]]
| ''[[:d:Q114742342|Roman Catholic Diocese of Dublin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q373074|suffragan diocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27780831|defunct Roman Catholic diocese]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q875174|Q875174]]
| ''[[:d:Q875174|Roman Catholic Diocese of Rutana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q877233|Q877233]]
| ''[[:d:Q877233|Roman Catholic Diocese of Terrassa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q373074|suffragan diocese]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108542724|Q108542724]]
| ''[[:d:Q108542724|Roman Catholic Diocese of Vienna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q373074|suffragan diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27780831|defunct Roman Catholic diocese]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124098638|Q124098638]]
| ''[[:d:Q124098638|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q625160|ecclesiastical province]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1506541|Q1506541]]
| ''[[:d:Q1506541|Roman Catholic ecclesiastical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q23955632|Catholic organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105390172|Q105390172]]
| ''[[:d:Q105390172|Roman Catholic metropolitan archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q427961|metropolis]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105071180|Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105406193|Roman Catholic archdiocese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2665272|Ecclesiastical circumscription immediately subject to the Holy See]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2202509|Q2202509]]
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21752084|Roman archaeological site]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q100205512|administrative territorial entity of ancient Rome]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3678589|list of Ancient Roman cities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3446134|Q3446134]]
| ''[[:d:Q3446134|Roman client kingdoms in Britain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3932035|ancient Roman client kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55780222|Q55780222]]
| ''[[:d:Q55780222|Roman colonies in Amazigh Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q756780|Q756780]]
| ''[[:d:Q756780|Roman colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q24884402|list of cities founded by the Romans]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125732823|Q125732823]]
| ''[[:d:Q125732823|Roman doorway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q146924|Q146924]]
| ''[[:d:Q146924|Roman limes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1784293|cordon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12433046|Q12433046]]
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14752696|ancient Roman structure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129098277|Q129098277]]
| ''[[:d:Q129098277|Roman small town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q80838255|Q80838255]]
| ''[[:d:Q80838255|Roman temporary camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110830443|Q110830443]]
| ''[[:d:Q110830443|Roman walls]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16748868|city walls]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138008518|Q138008518]]
| ''[[:d:Q138008518|Romano-Berber kingdoms]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1088391|rump state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7382038|Q7382038]]
| ''[[:d:Q7382038|Romanov Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| [[micronation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q21512251|self-proclaimed state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11863088|Q11863088]]
| ''[[:d:Q11863088|rotating artillery turret]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133262152|Q133262152]]
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114869499|Q114869499]]
| ''[[:d:Q114869499|ROTOR R1 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114871788|Q114871788]]
| ''[[:d:Q114871788|ROTOR R10 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114890717|Q114890717]]
| ''[[:d:Q114890717|ROTOR R11 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114869489|ROTOR R2 bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114869489|Q114869489]]
| ''[[:d:Q114869489|ROTOR R2 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114869478|Q114869478]]
| ''[[:d:Q114869478|ROTOR R3 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114869466|Q114869466]]
| ''[[:d:Q114869466|ROTOR R4 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114870104|Q114870104]]
| ''[[:d:Q114870104|ROTOR R6 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114870944|Q114870944]]
| ''[[:d:Q114870944|ROTOR R8 bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133262152|ROTOR bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2168991|Q2168991]]
| ''[[:d:Q2168991|Rotte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q573455|Q573455]]
| ''[[:d:Q573455|rotten borough]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17099732|unfair election]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81839|Q81839]]
| ''[[:d:Q81839|roundel bastion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81851|bastion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12660389|Q12660389]]
| ''[[:d:Q12660389|route temporaire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6857854|military road]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140685920|route temporaire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17107774|Q17107774]]
| ''[[:d:Q17107774|rova]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130008763|Q130008763]]
| ''[[:d:Q130008763|Royal Air Force aerodrome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62447|aerodrome]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7373622|Q7373622]]
| ''[[:d:Q7373622|Royal Air Force station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2928458|Q2928458]]
| ''[[:d:Q2928458|royal burgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q254978|burgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3320743|title of honor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10929914|city status]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7375052|Q7375052]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375052|royal city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13416557|Q13416557]]
| ''[[:d:Q13416557|Royal city in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18702|Q18702]]
| ''[[:d:Q18702|Royal free city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7375078|Q7375078]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375078|royal manor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66816419|Q66816419]]
| ''[[:d:Q66816419|Royal Marines School]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1898357|naval academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q71754457|Q71754457]]
| ''[[:d:Q71754457|Royal Naval Air Service station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129004351|Q129004351]]
| ''[[:d:Q129004351|Royal Naval Air Station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6981985|naval air station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7619063|naval shore establishment]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7374522|Q7374522]]
| ''[[:d:Q7374522|Royal Naval Armaments Depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124638970|munitions factory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5704775|artillery magazine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106900075|Q106900075]]
| ''[[:d:Q106900075|Royal Naval Hospital]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7374547|Q7374547]]
| ''[[:d:Q7374547|Royal Navy Dockyard]]''
| ''[[:d:Q190928|shipyard]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124855396|Q124855396]]
| ''[[:d:Q124855396|Royal Observer Corps Group Headquarters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1772543|command center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124860748|Q124860748]]
| ''[[:d:Q124860748|Royal Observer Corps Sector]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124866837|Q124866837]]
| ''[[:d:Q124866837|Royal Observer Corps Sector Headquarters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1772543|command center]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7311182|Q7311182]]
| ''[[:d:Q7311182|royal town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7375052|royal city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3446271|Q3446271]]
| ''[[:d:Q3446271|Royaume malais]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125617783|Q125617783]]
| ''[[:d:Q125617783|royaume nominal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770092|Q65770092]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770092|RSFSR region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20683493|krai of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115324701|Q115324701]]
| ''[[:d:Q115324701|RSFSR region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20683493|krai of a union republic of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18391372|Q18391372]]
| ''[[:d:Q18391372|rubber room]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12509020|Q12509020]]
| ''[[:d:Q12509020|Rukun Tetangga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2867476|neighborhood association]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141164550|seventh-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12509021|Q12509021]]
| ''[[:d:Q12509021|Rukun Warga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6988044|neighborhood council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q141164534|sixth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1088391|Q1088391]]
| ''[[:d:Q1088391|rump state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q17164942|list of rump states]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17318027|Q17318027]]
| ''[[:d:Q17318027|rural commune of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2989400|commune of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11638028|Q11638028]]
| ''[[:d:Q11638028|Rural Community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20826981|Q20826981]]
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20733617|Q20733617]]
| ''[[:d:Q20733617|rural community of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623974|administrative territorial entity of Kyrgyzstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989369|Q2989369]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989369|rural community of New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3111821|community of New Brunswick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q369385|Q369385]]
| ''[[:d:Q369385|rural community of Senegal]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20733701|Q20733701]]
| ''[[:d:Q20733701|rural community of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15071808|Q15071808]]
| ''[[:d:Q15071808|rural council of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q31749783|selsoviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140878273|Q140878273]]
| ''[[:d:Q140878273|rural council of Turkmenistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4414033|Q4414033]]
| ''[[:d:Q4414033|rural council of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31749783|selsoviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q701632|municipal council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4358176|council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6621940|local self-government]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987731|Q122987731]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987731|Rural Development Block of Mizoram]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2775236|community development block in India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1754946|Q1754946]]
| ''[[:d:Q1754946|rural district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630906|rural district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15630906|Q15630906]]
| ''[[:d:Q15630906|rural district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105522978|Q105522978]]
| ''[[:d:Q105522978|rural district council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16690653|district council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20738676|Q20738676]]
| ''[[:d:Q20738676|rural district of Baden-Württemberg]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61793460|Q61793460]]
| ''[[:d:Q61793460|rural district of Brandenburg]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61980413|Q61980413]]
| ''[[:d:Q61980413|rural district of Hesse]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15125752|Q15125752]]
| ''[[:d:Q15125752|rural district of Iran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2726038|administrative divisions of Iran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5964489|list of rural districts of Iran]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4414032|Q4414032]]
| ''[[:d:Q4414032|rural district of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85483234|Q85483234]]
| ''[[:d:Q85483234|rural district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20738811|Q20738811]]
| ''[[:d:Q20738811|rural district of North Rhine-Westphalia]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61708063|Q61708063]]
| ''[[:d:Q61708063|rural district of Saxony]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17302772|Q17302772]]
| ''[[:d:Q17302772|rural district of Saxony-Anhalt]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61856889|Q61856889]]
| ''[[:d:Q61856889|rural district of Schleswig-Holstein]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20738945|Q20738945]]
| ''[[:d:Q20738945|rural district of Thuringia]]''
| [[Districto (Germania)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4436777|Q4436777]]
| ''[[:d:Q4436777|rural locality with a population of more than 10,000 inhabitants in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2578772|Classification of inhabited localities in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1650922|Q1650922]]
| ''[[:d:Q1650922|rural municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12336315|Q12336315]]
| ''[[:d:Q12336315|rural municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6637174|Q6637174]]
| ''[[:d:Q6637174|rural municipality in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327874|rural municipality of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17110751|municipality in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q1802801|Q1802801]]
| ''[[:d:Q1802801|rural municipality of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667509|municipality of Austria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327874|Q3327874]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327874|rural municipality of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28122896|Q28122896]]
| ''[[:d:Q28122896|rural municipality of Estonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q612229|municipality of Estonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29467088|Q29467088]]
| ''[[:d:Q29467088|rural municipality of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2097994|municipal corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30300637|list of gaunpalikas of Nepal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3504085|Q3504085]]
| ''[[:d:Q3504085|rural municipality of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15334|gmina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11722303|Q11722303]]
| ''[[:d:Q11722303|rural municipality of Sweden and Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20826981|Rural community (local government)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2070206|Q2070206]]
| ''[[:d:Q2070206|rural parish of Asturias]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10854310|administrative territorial entity below municipality in Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2742930|list of rural parishes in Asturias]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q634099|Q634099]]
| ''[[:d:Q634099|rural settlement in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121366249|Q121366249]]
| ''[[:d:Q121366249|rural settlement in Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12051488|populated place in Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26714626|large village]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25894868|type of environment]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12082132|Q12082132]]
| ''[[:d:Q12082132|rural village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7930614|village of Taiwan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108124052|Q108124052]]
| ''[[:d:Q108124052|Russian fortifications in autonomous Finland]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4398030|Q4398030]]
| ''[[:d:Q4398030|Russian fortified lines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113410830|Q113410830]]
| ''[[:d:Q113410830|Russian Laplandia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2994848|history of the Saami]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4228955|Kolsky Uyezd]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q165608|Kola Peninsula]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1759|Murmansk Oblast]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11664885|Q11664885]]
| ''[[:d:Q11664885|ryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61943276|Q61943276]]
| ''[[:d:Q61943276|rådhusrättsdomkrets]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17561724|Q17561724]]
| ''[[:d:Q17561724|Région de France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126888370|catégorie juridique des collectivités territoriales en France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137023128|region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3455526|Q3455526]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455526|région agricole]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q702232|zoning]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113585916|Q113585916]]
| ''[[:d:Q113585916|région coloniale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q815962|colonization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52262494|Q52262494]]
| ''[[:d:Q52262494|Région sanitaire catalane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q52262612|healthcare region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123515223|Q123515223]]
| ''[[:d:Q123515223|République des Pommes de Terre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11342433|Minidokuritsukoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21512251|self-proclaimed state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61267721|Q61267721]]
| ''[[:d:Q61267721|réserve naturelle du Bade-Wurtemberg]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20296613|protected area of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q386426|natural heritage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114839685|Q114839685]]
| ''[[:d:Q114839685|S3 casemate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q89521|casemate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7396285|Q7396285]]
| ''[[:d:Q7396285|Sabon Gari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7396640|Q7396640]]
| ''[[:d:Q7396640|sacerdotal state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7398315|Q7398315]]
| ''[[:d:Q7398315|Saeristavo]]''
| [[ducato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7398544|Q7398544]]
| ''[[:d:Q7398544|safe seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11384887|Q11384887]]
| ''[[:d:Q11384887|Saga metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109562558|Q109562558]]
| ''[[:d:Q109562558|salesian province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141134123|Q141134123]]
| ''[[:d:Q141134123|SAM site]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134496690|facility type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15489797|Q15489797]]
| ''[[:d:Q15489797|sameby]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15911314|association]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28940909|Q28940909]]
| ''[[:d:Q28940909|Sami constituency in Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q6516778|Samische Wahlkreise in Norwegen]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q447523|Q447523]]
| ''[[:d:Q447523|Samtgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21451942|administrative territorial entity of Lower Saxony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1516121|Gesamtgemeinde]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115864951|Q115864951]]
| ''[[:d:Q115864951|San Diego City Council District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960485|Q99960485]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960485|San Francisco, District 1]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960495|Q99960495]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960495|San Francisco, District 10]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960496|Q99960496]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960496|San Francisco, District 11]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960486|Q99960486]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960486|San Francisco, District 2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960487|Q99960487]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960487|San Francisco, District 3]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960488|Q99960488]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960488|San Francisco, District 4]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960489|Q99960489]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960489|San Francisco, District 5]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960490|Q99960490]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960490|San Francisco, District 6]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960491|Q99960491]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960491|San Francisco, District 7]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960492|Q99960492]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960492|San Francisco, District 8]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99960493|Q99960493]]
| ''[[:d:Q99960493|San Francisco, District 9]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120836386|Q120836386]]
| ''[[:d:Q120836386|San Jose City Council district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134579713|Q134579713]]
| ''[[:d:Q134579713|Sanatorium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q330425|Q330425]]
| ''[[:d:Q330425|sanjak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112136448|Q112136448]]
| ''[[:d:Q112136448|sanctuary area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1377575|wildlife refuge]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559093|Q3559093]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559093|sanctuary city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131162226|Q131162226]]
| ''[[:d:Q131162226|sandstone region]]''
| [[oblast]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92401|Q92401]]
| ''[[:d:Q92401|sangar]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138962998|Q138962998]]
| ''[[:d:Q138962998|sanitation district in California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138963009|sewer district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47091753|Q47091753]]
| ''[[:d:Q47091753|Sankt Andreasberger Bergbaurevier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q819435|mining region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128800399|Q128800399]]
| ''[[:d:Q128800399|Sanoyah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1853398|subprefecture of Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038533|Q112038533]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038533|Santa Cruz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11249471|Q11249471]]
| ''[[:d:Q11249471|Sapporo metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q742313|Q742313]]
| ''[[:d:Q742313|Sardinian medieval kingdoms]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10527168|Q10527168]]
| ''[[:d:Q10527168|Satakuntalaitos]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7425963|Q7425963]]
| ''[[:d:Q7425963|Satavado]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q691960|Q691960]]
| ''[[:d:Q691960|satellite city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q325261|Q325261]]
| ''[[:d:Q325261|satellite state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15649504|Q15649504]]
| ''[[:d:Q15649504|satrapy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3950801|Q3950801]]
| ''[[:d:Q3950801|satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15895907|administrative territorial entity of the Achaemenid Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15649504|satrapy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17253152|list of satrapies and satraps of the Achaemenid Empire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15649510|Q15649510]]
| ''[[:d:Q15649510|satrapy of the Sasanian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15649504|satrapy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15649572|Q15649572]]
| ''[[:d:Q15649572|satrapy of the Seleucid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15649504|satrapy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137587510|administrative territorial entity of Seleucid Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q700663|Q700663]]
| ''[[:d:Q700663|Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q26879769|state in the Confederation of the Rhine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q672502|Ernestine duchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q113136497|state of the German Confederation 1815–1848 & 1850–1866]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108515152|Q108515152]]
| ''[[:d:Q108515152|sbor Církve bratrské]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1989839|kirch]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11665558|Q11665558]]
| ''[[:d:Q11665558|Scenic districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q858308|Cultural Property of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63248569|Q63248569]]
| ''[[:d:Q63248569|scenic reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23901114|Q23901114]]
| ''[[:d:Q23901114|scheduled district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15646733|administrative territorial entity of Monaco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130739611|Q130739611]]
| ''[[:d:Q130739611|school administrative unit in New Hampshire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6637310|list of school districts in New Hampshire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2986739|Q2986739]]
| ''[[:d:Q2986739|school board of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q399541|board of education]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1669809|Q1669809]]
| ''[[:d:Q1669809|school catchment area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q398141|Q398141]]
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6663997|local education agency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130740529|Q130740529]]
| ''[[:d:Q130740529|school district in New Hampshire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6637310|list of school districts in New Hampshire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15726209|Q15726209]]
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6647210|lists of school districts in the United States]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15726214|Q15726214]]
| ''[[:d:Q15726214|school district of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64636958|Q64636958]]
| ''[[:d:Q64636958|school district of Oregon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6637327|list of school districts in Oregon]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130489487|Q130489487]]
| ''[[:d:Q130489487|school district of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11588306|social services]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7432250|Q7432250]]
| ''[[:d:Q7432250|School Districts of Huron County, Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7432341|Q7432341]]
| ''[[:d:Q7432341|school division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130249224|Q130249224]]
| ''[[:d:Q130249224|school division of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7432341|school division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11588306|social services]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140066668|Q140066668]]
| ''[[:d:Q140066668|school division of Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726209|school district in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7432341|school division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q334453|division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16155484|list of school divisions in Virginia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92157630|Q92157630]]
| ''[[:d:Q92157630|school sector]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86732061|Q86732061]]
| ''[[:d:Q86732061|school service centre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140999658|Q140999658]]
| ''[[:d:Q140999658|Schotterrasen]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3134247|Q3134247]]
| ''[[:d:Q3134247|schoutambt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2251202|Q2251202]]
| ''[[:d:Q2251202|Schulgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113561096|Q113561096]]
| ''[[:d:Q113561096|scientific reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2498169|protected area of New Zealand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91203|Q91203]]
| ''[[:d:Q91203|sconce]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42915594|Q42915594]]
| ''[[:d:Q42915594|Scottish burgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q254978|burgh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7438059|Q7438059]]
| ''[[:d:Q7438059|Scottish castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q575878|Q575878]]
| ''[[:d:Q575878|Scottish colonization of the Americas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104630835|Q104630835]]
| ''[[:d:Q104630835|Scottish county of city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42915594|Scottish burgh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21457810|Q21457810]]
| ''[[:d:Q21457810|Scottish district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q383493|local government area of Scotland 1975 to 1996]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66772470|Q66772470]]
| ''[[:d:Q66772470|Scottish district council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21451695|Scottish local authority council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104632385|Q104632385]]
| ''[[:d:Q104632385|Scottish health board area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6083725|Q6083725]]
| ''[[:d:Q6083725|Scottish islands area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q383493|local government area of Scotland 1975 to 1996]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110415260|unitary authority area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104631008|Q104631008]]
| ''[[:d:Q104631008|Scottish landward district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104630441|local government area of Scotland 1930 to 1975]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1350181|shire of Scotland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21451695|Q21451695]]
| ''[[:d:Q21451695|Scottish local authority council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2138167|Q2138167]]
| ''[[:d:Q2138167|Scottish region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q383493|local government area of Scotland 1975 to 1996]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105582114|Q105582114]]
| ''[[:d:Q105582114|Scottish Regional Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21451695|Scottish local authority council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21451686|Q21451686]]
| ''[[:d:Q21451686|Scottish unitary authority council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21451695|Scottish local authority council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60581134|Q60581134]]
| ''[[:d:Q60581134|Scottish Westminster constituencies 1708 to 1832]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7438025|Q7438025]]
| ''[[:d:Q7438025|Scottish Westminster constituencies 1868 to 1885]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27971968|constituency of the House of Commons]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q2205631|Q2205631]]
| ''[[:d:Q2205631|SD-Abschnitt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q20097897|Q20097897]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097897|sea fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q1693293|Q1693293]]
| ''[[:d:Q1693293|Sea-power]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q44223635|Q44223635]]
| ''[[:d:Q44223635|Seanad Éireann constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q17280916|Q17280916]]
| ''[[:d:Q17280916|seasonal time zone]]''
| [[Fuso horari]]
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q112169246|Q112169246]]
| ''[[:d:Q112169246|seastead]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13691|artificial island]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23037160|quasi-state]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q3485795|Q3485795]]
| ''[[:d:Q3485795|seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15726223|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hungary]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q34841063|Q34841063]]
| ''[[:d:Q34841063|seat of the local council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q470540|seat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15303838|sede municipal]]''
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|-
| [[:d:Q117305289|Q117305289]]
| ''[[:d:Q117305289|Seattle City Council District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42576917|administrative territorial entity of Washington]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12541700|Q12541700]]
| ''[[:d:Q12541700|second class aerodrome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q695850|airbase]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3025246|Q3025246]]
| ''[[:d:Q3025246|Second constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q15221310|Q15221310]]
| ''[[:d:Q15221310|second-class city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15221256|city of Wisconsin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q139556505|Q139556505]]
| ''[[:d:Q139556505|second-degree traditional chiefdom in Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2962054|traditional chiefdom in Cameroon]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q12479774|Q12479774]]
| ''[[:d:Q12479774|second-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q1651001|Q1651001]]
| ''[[:d:Q1651001|secondary armament]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8100472|Q8100472]]
| ''[[:d:Q8100472|secondary municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q11595991|Q11595991]]
| ''[[:d:Q11595991|secret base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131468147|secret location]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q135321131|Q135321131]]
| ''[[:d:Q135321131|Secteur du Burkina Faso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15063111|administrative territorial entity of Burkina Faso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q3477425|Q3477425]]
| ''[[:d:Q3477425|secteur pastoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q332122|Q332122]]
| ''[[:d:Q332122|section castle]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q32964842|Q32964842]]
| ''[[:d:Q32964842|section of commune]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7444705|Q7444705]]
| ''[[:d:Q7444705|sector]]''
| ''[[:d:Q219858|zone]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15921300|Q15921300]]
| ''[[:d:Q15921300|sector of Bucharest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q2739810|sectors of Bucharest]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30339232|Q30339232]]
| ''[[:d:Q30339232|sector of Chișinău]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68982447|Q68982447]]
| ''[[:d:Q68982447|sector of Girona]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q7444736|Q7444736]]
| ''[[:d:Q7444736|sector of Guinea-Bissau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631050|administrative territorial entity of Guinea-Bissau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48816145|Q48816145]]
| ''[[:d:Q48816145|sector of Islamabad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7444705|sector]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87542664|Q87542664]]
| ''[[:d:Q87542664|sector of Marseille]]''
| ''[[:d:Q87518090|municipal sector]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13196193|part]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96761925|Q96761925]]
| ''[[:d:Q96761925|sector of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123461448|subdivision of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20667921|type of French administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3058029|Q3058029]]
| ''[[:d:Q3058029|sector of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117214432|Q117214432]]
| ''[[:d:Q117214432|sector of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
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|
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|-
| [[:d:Q89423566|Q89423566]]
| ''[[:d:Q89423566|sector sanitari]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q96337165|Q96337165]]
| ''[[:d:Q96337165|sede de distrito]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q942710|Q942710]]
| ''[[:d:Q942710|seigneurie banale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2748254|Q2748254]]
| ''[[:d:Q2748254|seigneurie foncière]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120540070|Q120540070]]
| ''[[:d:Q120540070|Seinäjoen alueellinen jako]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17303212|Q17303212]]
| ''[[:d:Q17303212|self-administered division of Burma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7448010|Q7448010]]
| ''[[:d:Q7448010|self-administered zone of Burma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11613099|Q11613099]]
| ''[[:d:Q11613099|Self-Defense Forces Hospital]]''
| [[hospital]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2387974|military hospital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113126851|Q113126851]]
| ''[[:d:Q113126851|self-governing city district in Czechia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113126832|self-governing city part or city district in the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141223668|Q141223668]]
| ''[[:d:Q141223668|self-governing city of Georgia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2655841|municipality of Georgia]]''<br/>[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21851888|Q21851888]]
| ''[[:d:Q21851888|self-governing city part in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113126832|self-governing city part or city district in the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113126832|Q113126832]]
| ''[[:d:Q113126832|self-governing city part or city district in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q699386|statutory corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67304002|type of legal entity in the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7448101|Q7448101]]
| ''[[:d:Q7448101|self-governing colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141223669|Q141223669]]
| ''[[:d:Q141223669|self-governing community of Georgia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2655841|municipality of Georgia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12775789|Q12775789]]
| ''[[:d:Q12775789|self-governing region of Slovakia]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21512251|Q21512251]]
| ''[[:d:Q21512251|self-proclaimed state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19817993|Q19817993]]
| ''[[:d:Q19817993|selo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2578772|Classification of inhabited localities in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27002|Q27002]]
| ''[[:d:Q27002|selsoviet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211201|soviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31749783|selsoviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15982377|Q15982377]]
| ''[[:d:Q15982377|selsoviet of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q31749783|selsoviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134969192|Q134969192]]
| ''[[:d:Q134969192|semi-independent political entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7449317|Q7449317]]
| ''[[:d:Q7449317|semi-periphery countries]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116829553|Q116829553]]
| ''[[:d:Q116829553|semt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10370002|Q10370002]]
| ''[[:d:Q10370002|senado municipal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64729171|Q64729171]]
| ''[[:d:Q64729171|Senatorial circle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q596321|ward]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59678168|Q59678168]]
| ''[[:d:Q59678168|senatorial district of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7450077|Q7450077]]
| ''[[:d:Q7450077|senatorial district of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96088545|former geographical object]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3397335|legislative district of the Philippines]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2142527|Q2142527]]
| ''[[:d:Q2142527|senatorial province]]''
| [[provincia del Imperio Roman]]
| ''[[:d:Q15644911|administrative territorial entity of the Roman Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11251512|Q11251512]]
| ''[[:d:Q11251512|Sendai metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64779666|Q64779666]]
| ''[[:d:Q64779666|sending state or organization]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q245065|intergovernmental organization]]''
|
|
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|-
| [[:d:Q65965937|Q65965937]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965937|SENE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131689820|Q131689820]]
| ''[[:d:Q131689820|Senhor da Honra de Barbosa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18752016|Portuguese noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131624131|Q131624131]]
| ''[[:d:Q131624131|Senhor da Honra e Torre de Ataíde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18752016|Portuguese noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131551852|Q131551852]]
| ''[[:d:Q131551852|Senhor de Valhelhas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18752016|Portuguese noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104471354|Q104471354]]
| ''[[:d:Q104471354|senhorio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104540757|Q104540757]]
| ''[[:d:Q104540757|senhorio de juro e herdade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104471354|senhorio]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200303|inheritance]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4448650|Q4448650]]
| ''[[:d:Q4448650|Seniūnaitija]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965929|Q65965929]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965929|SENW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11999992|Q11999992]]
| ''[[:d:Q11999992|Sepalsbasene]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6593035|Q6593035]]
| ''[[:d:Q6593035|separated municipality in Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14762300|single-tier municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q37800986|Q37800986]]
| ''[[:d:Q37800986|Serbian city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135552105|Q135552105]]
| ''[[:d:Q135552105|sergenterie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108414903|Q108414903]]
| ''[[:d:Q108414903|Service Authority for Freeways and Expressways]]''
| ''[[:d:Q231838|special district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11744200|Q11744200]]
| ''[[:d:Q11744200|service barracks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131263|barracks]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110726733|Q110726733]]
| ''[[:d:Q110726733|Service region of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109513079|administrative region of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q109288758|Services in Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124476966|Q124476966]]
| ''[[:d:Q124476966|Servicio de Material y Armamento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965939|Q65965939]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965939|SESE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28517354|Q28517354]]
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27961469|Q27961469]]
| ''[[:d:Q27961469|Sesma de Barrachina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28502220|Q28502220]]
| ''[[:d:Q28502220|Sesma de Bronchales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28502225|Q28502225]]
| ''[[:d:Q28502225|Sesma de Frías de Albarracín]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28502235|Q28502235]]
| ''[[:d:Q28502235|Sesma de Jiloca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27961470|Q27961470]]
| ''[[:d:Q27961470|Sesma de la Honor de Huesa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5645991|Q5645991]]
| ''[[:d:Q5645991|Sesma de Langa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20618091|Q20618091]]
| ''[[:d:Q20618091|Sesma de Rubielos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27961471|Q27961471]]
| ''[[:d:Q27961471|Sesma de Trasierra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20618106|Q20618106]]
| ''[[:d:Q20618106|Sesma de Villar del Cobo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13050165|Q13050165]]
| ''[[:d:Q13050165|Sesma del Campo de Cella]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27961472|Q27961472]]
| ''[[:d:Q27961472|Sesma del Campo de Gallocanta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13050175|Q13050175]]
| ''[[:d:Q13050175|Sesma del Campo de Monteagudo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13050174|Q13050174]]
| ''[[:d:Q13050174|Sesma del Campo de Sarrión]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20618126|Q20618126]]
| ''[[:d:Q20618126|Sesma del Campo de Visiedo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28501700|Q28501700]]
| ''[[:d:Q28501700|Sesma del río Berdejo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28501701|Q28501701]]
| ''[[:d:Q28501701|Sesma del río Ibdes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13050177|Q13050177]]
| ''[[:d:Q13050177|Sesma del río Jiloca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13050173|Q13050173]]
| ''[[:d:Q13050173|Sesma del Río Martín]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20618170|Q20618170]]
| ''[[:d:Q20618170|Sesma del río Miedes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28501702|Q28501702]]
| ''[[:d:Q28501702|Sesma of the Cañada River]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28501672|Q28501672]]
| ''[[:d:Q28501672|Sesma of the Jalón River]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517354|sesma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q401315|Q401315]]
| ''[[:d:Q401315|Sestiere]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1487089|Q1487089]]
| ''[[:d:Q1487089|Sestiere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17135847|quarter of Genoa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q401315|Sestiere]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3480610|Q3480610]]
| ''[[:d:Q3480610|Sestiere di Milano]]''
| ''[[:d:Q401315|Sestiere]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3480608|Q3480608]]
| ''[[:d:Q3480608|Sestiere of Rapallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q401315|Sestiere]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1067867|Q1067867]]
| ''[[:d:Q1067867|sestiere of Venice]]''
| ''[[:d:Q401315|Sestiere]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965931|Q65965931]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965931|SESW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12404888|Q12404888]]
| ''[[:d:Q12404888|settlement bloc]]''
| ''[[:d:Q575187|Israeli-occupied territories]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188509|suburb]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21683299|Q21683299]]
| ''[[:d:Q21683299|settlement council in Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1631226|settlement council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q701632|municipal council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127388602|Q127388602]]
| ''[[:d:Q127388602|settlement formation in Bulgaria]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20541692|Q20541692]]
| ''[[:d:Q20541692|settlement in Galicia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41108733|Q41108733]]
| ''[[:d:Q41108733|settlement of Andorra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623251|administrative territorial entity of Andorra]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q244836|list of poblacions (populated places) of Andorra]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14502790|Q14502790]]
| ''[[:d:Q14502790|settlement of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1162902|list of populated places in Hungary]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4373614|Q4373614]]
| ''[[:d:Q4373614|settlement of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12159392|Q12159392]]
| ''[[:d:Q12159392|Seven Cities of Delhi]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q29441572|heptad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q261171|Q261171]]
| ''[[:d:Q261171|Seventh constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141164550|Q141164550]]
| ''[[:d:Q141164550|seventh-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138963009|Q138963009]]
| ''[[:d:Q138963009|sewer district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110249999|Q110249999]]
| ''[[:d:Q110249999|sewer district of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138963009|sewer district in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6126497|Q6126497]]
| ''[[:d:Q6126497|sexmo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16605438|Q16605438]]
| ''[[:d:Q16605438|sezione elettorale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58683981|Q58683981]]
| ''[[:d:Q58683981|señorío]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16966004|Q16966004]]
| ''[[:d:Q16966004|shabiyah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4765854|Q4765854]]
| ''[[:d:Q4765854|Shan States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1798550|petty kingdom]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5371007|Q5371007]]
| ''[[:d:Q5371007|Shanghai concession]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1376651|foreign concession in China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12883402|Q12883402]]
| ''[[:d:Q12883402|sheading]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502463|administrative territorial entity of the Isle of Man]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10667009|Q10667009]]
| ''[[:d:Q10667009|Shehia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q867371|administrative territorial entity of Tanzania]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2706826|Q2706826]]
| ''[[:d:Q2706826|sheikhdom]]''
| [[Principato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7493718|Q7493718]]
| ''[[:d:Q7493718|shell keep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91165|keep]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7493726|Q7493726]]
| ''[[:d:Q7493726|shell scrape]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91764|military trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11503674|Q11503674]]
| ''[[:d:Q11503674|shinden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5367717|Q5367717]]
| ''[[:d:Q5367717|Shinkoku]]''
| [[pais]]
| ''[[:d:Q1145276|fictional country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13423964|names of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23847174|religious concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1331112|Q1331112]]
| ''[[:d:Q1331112|Shinpan daimyo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24887524|kinsei daimyō]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q841985|han]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11455533|Kakaku]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q662296|Q662296]]
| ''[[:d:Q662296|shire]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1350181|Q1350181]]
| ''[[:d:Q1350181|shire of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q67376938|historic county of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11876587|luettelo Skotlannin historiallisista kreivikunnista]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15643757|Q15643757]]
| ''[[:d:Q15643757|shire of Western Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55557858|local government area of Western Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q662296|shire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7495728|Q7495728]]
| ''[[:d:Q7495728|shiyakha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22684189|قائمة الأحياء السكنية في مصر]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11663594|Q11663594]]
| ''[[:d:Q11663594|Shizuoka metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11396522|Q11396522]]
| ''[[:d:Q11396522|shoki-shōen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q72980828|墾田]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86194474|Q86194474]]
| ''[[:d:Q86194474|shooting range]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q618123|geographical feature]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11496813|Q11496813]]
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3518201|feudal land tenure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11450111|Q11450111]]
| ''[[:d:Q11450111|shugo-ryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11496813|shoryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11521520|Q11521520]]
| ''[[:d:Q11521520|shuinchi and kokuinchi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11458058|jisha-ryō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1209783|Q1209783]]
| ''[[:d:Q1209783|shukuba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q786014|rest area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63987304|stage station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q120922181|postal station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1887569|Q1887569]]
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2478141|aristocrate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q178706|institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2116450|manor estate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11506081|list of shōen in Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11360710|Q11360710]]
| ''[[:d:Q11360710|Shōkoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2290623|Q2290623]]
| ''[[:d:Q2290623|sich]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2665578|Q2665578]]
| ''[[:d:Q2665578|Sick man of Asia]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1472463|Q1472463]]
| ''[[:d:Q1472463|sick man of Europe]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3508345|Q3508345]]
| ''[[:d:Q3508345|SICTOM]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3508250|syndicat intercommunal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134513350|Q134513350]]
| ''[[:d:Q134513350|Siedlung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11183787|Ortschaft]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39536502|Q39536502]]
| ''[[:d:Q39536502|siege castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118202421|Q118202421]]
| ''[[:d:Q118202421|Siegfried]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1717877|Q1717877]]
| ''[[:d:Q1717877|Signatarstaat]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q914425|Q914425]]
| ''[[:d:Q914425|signoria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115680|Italian city-state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130265566|Q130265566]]
| ''[[:d:Q130265566|Sikh state]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3055118|Q3055118]]
| ''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2311847|Q2311847]]
| ''[[:d:Q2311847|single person bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2982951|Q2982951]]
| ''[[:d:Q2982951|single territorial collectivity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22923920|territorial collectivity of France with special status]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11410201|Q11410201]]
| ''[[:d:Q11410201|single-member district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130266292|district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1052894|single-member district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14762300|Q14762300]]
| ''[[:d:Q14762300|single-tier municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327899|municipality of Ontario]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1160920|unitary authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q472538|Q472538]]
| ''[[:d:Q472538|sister republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q572784|Q572784]]
| ''[[:d:Q572784|sitio]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2375914|Q2375914]]
| ''[[:d:Q2375914|SIVOM]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3508250|syndicat intercommunal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q976195|Q976195]]
| ''[[:d:Q976195|SIVU]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3508250|syndicat intercommunal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2800279|Q2800279]]
| ''[[:d:Q2800279|Six vilayets]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1462047|vilayet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1103423|Q1103423]]
| ''[[:d:Q1103423|Sixth constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22927291|Q22927291]]
| ''[[:d:Q22927291|sixth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141164534|Q141164534]]
| ''[[:d:Q141164534|sixth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22927291|sixth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10669426|Q10669426]]
| ''[[:d:Q10669426|Sjöfästning]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106368068|Q106368068]]
| ''[[:d:Q106368068|ski village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107765502|mountain village]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4588168|Q4588168]]
| ''[[:d:Q4588168|skipreide]]''
| ''[[:d:Q533309|administrative territorial entity of Norway]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65202084|Q65202084]]
| ''[[:d:Q65202084|Skogslänen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q200547|county of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108415278|Q108415278]]
| ''[[:d:Q108415278|slave fort]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1573058|Q1573058]]
| ''[[:d:Q1573058|slave state]]''
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12410093|Q12410093]]
| ''[[:d:Q12410093|Slik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10671645|Q10671645]]
| ''[[:d:Q10671645|slottslän]]''
| ''[[:d:Q64624092|former county of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q686271|Q686271]]
| ''[[:d:Q686271|slum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7543008|Q7543008]]
| ''[[:d:Q7543008|small burgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42915594|Scottish burgh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18466176|Q18466176]]
| ''[[:d:Q18466176|small city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1434887|Q1434887]]
| ''[[:d:Q1434887|Small Island Developing States]]''
| [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q177323|developing country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q244381|microstate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1432253|Q1432253]]
| ''[[:d:Q1432253|small regional center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20724715|regional center of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12121054|Q12121054]]
| ''[[:d:Q12121054|small rural settlement of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630906|rural district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43227691|Q43227691]]
| ''[[:d:Q43227691|small town municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28122896|rural municipality of Estonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16363214|Q16363214]]
| ''[[:d:Q16363214|small village in Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22580836|village in Latvia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1231558|Q1231558]]
| ''[[:d:Q1231558|smart city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11862829|disciplina academic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110886156|list of smart cities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134265157|Q134265157]]
| ''[[:d:Q134265157|smart infrastructure]]''
| [[Infrastructura]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1231558|smart city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1120057|cyber-physical system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134267259|technological concept]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43141617|Q43141617]]
| ''[[:d:Q43141617|sobrecollida]]''
| [[Doana]]<br/>''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2306033|Q2306033]]
| ''[[:d:Q2306033|Social service]]''
| ''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3958441|economic sector]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q619610|Q619610]]
| ''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1523821|Q1523821]]
| ''[[:d:Q1523821|socken]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60495698|Q60495698]]
| ''[[:d:Q60495698|socken]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131337481|Q131337481]]
| ''[[:d:Q131337481|Sororezo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2573746|Q2573746]]
| ''[[:d:Q2573746|sotnia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q102538|company]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q21506450|military unit size class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18669740|Q18669740]]
| ''[[:d:Q18669740|South African bantustan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q190354|bantustan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498880|Q101498880]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498880|South Carolina Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498991|Q101498991]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498991|South Carolina Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498948|Q101498948]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498948|South Dakota Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499075|Q101499075]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499075|South Dakota Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6141175|Q6141175]]
| ''[[:d:Q6141175|South Manchuria Railway Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11649786|railway zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11649786|railway zone]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7569779|Q7569779]]
| ''[[:d:Q7569779|Southern Colonies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1351282|crown colony]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q617219|English overseas possession]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28689819|Q28689819]]
| ''[[:d:Q28689819|southern Kyushu type castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q32880|architectural style]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12185773|Q12185773]]
| ''[[:d:Q12185773|Southern Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105490688|region of the levant]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138356379|Q138356379]]
| ''[[:d:Q138356379|Sovereign Base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2345593|Q2345593]]
| ''[[:d:Q2345593|sovereign base area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q138356379|Sovereign Base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2090550|Q2090550]]
| ''[[:d:Q2090550|Soviet empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48349|imperio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66762677|political term]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593682|sphere of influence]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65280029|Q65280029]]
| ''[[:d:Q65280029|Soviet satellite state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q325261|satellite state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1512068|Q1512068]]
| ''[[:d:Q1512068|sołectwo]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11562970|Q11562970]]
| ''[[:d:Q11562970|spa city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4946461|spa town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131520524|Q131520524]]
| ''[[:d:Q131520524|space force base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7573407|Q7573407]]
| ''[[:d:Q7573407|Spanish irredentism]]''
| [[Irredemptismo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3115110|great homeland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q937313|Q937313]]
| ''[[:d:Q937313|Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1385389|Extra-provincial Anglican churches]]''
| [[Denominationes christian|denomination christian]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1385389|Extra-provincial Anglican churches]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18917976|Anglican diocese]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q954172|Q954172]]
| ''[[:d:Q954172|sparse municipality]]''
| [[Communa de Italia|municipalitate de Italia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15634695|Q15634695]]
| ''[[:d:Q15634695|special administrative area of Thailand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15663836|local administrative unit in Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24953176|Q24953176]]
| ''[[:d:Q24953176|special administrative region]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134999516|Q134999516]]
| ''[[:d:Q134999516|special administrative region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5153984|commune-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24953176|special administrative region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111127635|Q111127635]]
| ''[[:d:Q111127635|special administrative region in East Timor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6052777|administrative territorial entity of East Timor]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7574781|Q7574781]]
| ''[[:d:Q7574781|special administrative region of the Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24953176|special administrative region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16181672|Q16181672]]
| ''[[:d:Q16181672|special autonomous city in South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1145012|Q1145012]]
| ''[[:d:Q1145012|special city of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494721|city of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q482810|Q482810]]
| ''[[:d:Q482810|Special City of Korea]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7574799|Q7574799]]
| ''[[:d:Q7574799|Special City of Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q482810|Special City of Korea]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q77699223|list of special cities of South Korea]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7574798|Q7574798]]
| ''[[:d:Q7574798|special city of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137375190|Q137375190]]
| ''[[:d:Q137375190|special development zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6027980|industrial region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q231838|Q231838]]
| ''[[:d:Q231838|special district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3153117|local government cooperation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2301018|Q2301018]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301018|special district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114863700|Q114863700]]
| ''[[:d:Q114863700|special district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12083042|county level division of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3569918|Q3569918]]
| ''[[:d:Q3569918|special district of Ethiopia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q690840|district of Ethiopia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11643597|Q11643597]]
| ''[[:d:Q11643597|Special Districts for Urban Renaissance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q494978|Q494978]]
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2328727|Q2328727]]
| ''[[:d:Q2328727|Special Economic Zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24840980|Chinese Economic Development Zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116257546|Q116257546]]
| ''[[:d:Q116257546|special economic zone in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3575957|Q3575957]]
| ''[[:d:Q3575957|Special Economic Zone in Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20982815|Q20982815]]
| ''[[:d:Q20982815|special economic zones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138820296|Q138820296]]
| ''[[:d:Q138820296|special education local plan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q194166|consortium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12978349|Q12978349]]
| ''[[:d:Q12978349|Special Grade Municipalities]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122146132|Q122146132]]
| ''[[:d:Q122146132|special green space conservation districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23790|natural monument]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179049|nature reserve]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5162954|conservation designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q844266|Q844266]]
| ''[[:d:Q844266|special member state territories and the European Union]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2225003|Q2225003]]
| ''[[:d:Q2225003|special municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12084012|province level division of the Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1780389|Q1780389]]
| ''[[:d:Q1780389|special municipality association of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5007997|Q5007997]]
| ''[[:d:Q5007997|special region of Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11279677|Q11279677]]
| ''[[:d:Q11279677|special self-governing province and state of South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3299260|local government area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683492|Q20683492]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683492|special statute region of Chad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044747|administrative territorial entity of Chad]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11570788|Q11570788]]
| ''[[:d:Q11570788|special use district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5327704|Q5327704]]
| ''[[:d:Q5327704|special ward of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1054813|municipality of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5328061|special local public entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6754979|Q6754979]]
| ''[[:d:Q6754979|special-level city in North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q610237|Q610237]]
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4249901|Q4249901]]
| ''[[:d:Q4249901|special-status city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29045252|city of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1637706|citate a milliones]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108454666|big city of South Korea]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123432159|Q123432159]]
| ''[[:d:Q123432159|specialized municipality in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7574919|list of specialized municipalities in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11570918|Q11570918]]
| ''[[:d:Q11570918|Specified Block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13434889|Q13434889]]
| ''[[:d:Q13434889|Speciální kraj]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100955806|Q100955806]]
| ''[[:d:Q100955806|sperfort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2309206|Q2309206]]
| ''[[:d:Q2309206|Sperrbezirk (Tierseuche)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7577057|Q7577057]]
| ''[[:d:Q7577057|spider hole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20183967|foxhole]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112669062|Q112669062]]
| ''[[:d:Q112669062|Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4171307|Q4171307]]
| ''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18199188|Q18199188]]
| ''[[:d:Q18199188|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Central Asia and Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4171314|Q4171314]]
| ''[[:d:Q4171314|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Russian Federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20888318|Q20888318]]
| ''[[:d:Q20888318|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Asian Part of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115965477|Q115965477]]
| ''[[:d:Q115965477|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4171309|Q4171309]]
| ''[[:d:Q4171309|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Republic of Bashkortostan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28001031|Q28001031]]
| ''[[:d:Q28001031|Spiritual Assembly of the Muslims of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125350820|Q125350820]]
| ''[[:d:Q125350820|spiritual district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63441182|Q63441182]]
| ''[[:d:Q63441182|sponge city]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q72206346|solarpunk]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17109169|Q17109169]]
| ''[[:d:Q17109169|sporting camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1326028|camp]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1678262|hunting ground]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2313608|Q2313608]]
| ''[[:d:Q2313608|Sprengel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2312233|Q2312233]]
| ''[[:d:Q2312233|spur castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q842112|Q842112]]
| ''[[:d:Q842112|staato socialista]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1058417|list of socialist states]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2261863|Q2261863]]
| ''[[:d:Q2261863|stad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134983912|Q134983912]]
| ''[[:d:Q134983912|Stadsdelar i Jönköping]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10677154|Q10677154]]
| ''[[:d:Q10677154|Stadsdelsnämndsområde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7900115|urban district of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57234641|Q57234641]]
| ''[[:d:Q57234641|stadsförsamling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2326352|Q2326352]]
| ''[[:d:Q2326352|Stadt- und Länderorte]]''
| [[cantones de Switza]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2740635|Q2740635]]
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31458588|Q31458588]]
| ''[[:d:Q31458588|Stadtbezirk von Bremerhaven]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16102086|Liste der Verwaltungsebenen in Bremerhaven]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62269194|Q62269194]]
| ''[[:d:Q62269194|Stadtbezirke Aachens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28050899|Q28050899]]
| ''[[:d:Q28050899|Stadtgebiet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2740635|Stadtbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135156408|Q135156408]]
| ''[[:d:Q135156408|Stadtgrabenabschnitt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15848816|city moat]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123975272|Q123975272]]
| ''[[:d:Q123975272|Stadtmauerabschnitt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18272436|city fortifications]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811979|built structure]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137636951|Q137636951]]
| ''[[:d:Q137636951|Stadtmauerturm]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20034791|defensive tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16748868|city walls]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135746921|Q135746921]]
| ''[[:d:Q135746921|Stadtrandkern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135746936|Q135746936]]
| ''[[:d:Q135746936|Stadtrandkern I. Ordnung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q135746921|Stadtrandkern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135746948|Q135746948]]
| ''[[:d:Q135746948|Stadtrandkern II. Ordnung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q135746921|Stadtrandkern]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134573900|Q134573900]]
| ''[[:d:Q134573900|Stadtteil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28050911|Q28050911]]
| ''[[:d:Q28050911|Stadtteil von Frankfurt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79423998|Q79423998]]
| ''[[:d:Q79423998|Stadtteil von Görlitz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1522839|Q1522839]]
| ''[[:d:Q1522839|staff college]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q189004|college]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q141125121|Q141125121]]
| ''[[:d:Q141125121|Stahltür 17P7]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q3305339|building part]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3388229|Q3388229]]
| ''[[:d:Q3388229|Stake]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4439316|Q4439316]]
| ''[[:d:Q4439316|stan]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20973698|Q20973698]]
| ''[[:d:Q20973698|stan of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4439316|stan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110292778|Q110292778]]
| ''[[:d:Q110292778|Standard Plan statutory city in Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110292680|statutory city of Minnesota]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125359378|Q125359378]]
| ''[[:d:Q125359378|standard time zone in North America]]''
| [[Fuso horari]]
| ''[[:d:Q111439112|national measurement standard]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93383538|Q93383538]]
| ''[[:d:Q93383538|Standortmunitionsniederlage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2153495|ammunition dump]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q748331|Q748331]]
| ''[[:d:Q748331|stanitsa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7600116|Q7600116]]
| ''[[:d:Q7600116|stannary]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12797|Q12797]]
| ''[[:d:Q12797|star fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q39535649|artillery fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q32880|architectural style]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2034632|Q2034632]]
| ''[[:d:Q2034632|starostwo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q64606162|administrative territorial entity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4440668|Q4440668]]
| ''[[:d:Q4440668|starostwo of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2034632|starostwo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113622256|Q113622256]]
| ''[[:d:Q113622256|starostynskyi okruh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12056221|Q12056221]]
| ''[[:d:Q12056221|staré sídelní území]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12316178|Q12316178]]
| ''[[:d:Q12316178|state]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q210588|umbrella term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106458883|Q106458883]]
| ''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q864936|Q864936]]
| ''[[:d:Q864936|state atheism]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>[[atheismo]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11271835|Q11271835]]
| ''[[:d:Q11271835|state capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14784328|Q14784328]]
| ''[[:d:Q14784328|state capital in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11271835|state capital]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109329953|Q109329953]]
| ''[[:d:Q109329953|state city of Latvia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q750277|entitate territorial administrative de Lettonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q109779065|human settlement in Latvia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106528203|Q106528203]]
| ''[[:d:Q106528203|state constituency of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107990331|constituency in Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1052894|single-member district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1454036|Q1454036]]
| ''[[:d:Q1454036|state country]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10267322|Q10267322]]
| ''[[:d:Q10267322|state district of Brazil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1080224|Q1080224]]
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7603694|Q7603694]]
| ''[[:d:Q7603694|state government of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1802419|state government]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3591847|Q3591847]]
| ''[[:d:Q3591847|state in international law]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26879769|Q26879769]]
| ''[[:d:Q26879769|state in the Confederation of the Rhine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q26879763|Napoleonic client state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26830017|Q26830017]]
| ''[[:d:Q26830017|state in the Holy Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q460334|list of states in the Holy Roman Empire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20602715|Q20602715]]
| ''[[:d:Q20602715|state nature national park of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251276|protected area of Kyrgyzstan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063586|Q15063586]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063586|state of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50464|states and federal territories of Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17315624|Q17315624]]
| ''[[:d:Q17315624|state of Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q465842|Q465842]]
| ''[[:d:Q465842|state of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1044181|Q1044181]]
| ''[[:d:Q1044181|state of Palau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623978|administrative territorial entity of Palau]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q496539|Q496539]]
| ''[[:d:Q496539|state of South Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623929|administrative territorial entity of South Sudan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q746290|Q746290]]
| ''[[:d:Q746290|state of Sudan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631073|administrative territorial entity of Sudan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''<br/>[[provincia]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65183056|Q65183056]]
| ''[[:d:Q65183056|state of the Federal Republic of Central America]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65183274|administrative territorial entity of the Federal Republic of Central America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15618452|Q15618452]]
| ''[[:d:Q15618452|state of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902647|administrative territorial entity of the Federated States of Micronesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113136497|Q113136497]]
| ''[[:d:Q113136497|state of the German Confederation 1815–1848 & 1850–1866]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1801891|Q1801891]]
| ''[[:d:Q1801891|state of the German Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55292|administrative territorial entity of the German Democratic Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q501094|Q501094]]
| ''[[:d:Q501094|state of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q884030|administrative territorial entity of Venezuela]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| [[Appendice:Lista de statos de Venezuela]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4994346|ranked list of Venezuelan states]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q178712|Q178712]]
| ''[[:d:Q178712|state or territory of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28692710|Q28692710]]
| ''[[:d:Q28692710|state territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65168291|Q65168291]]
| ''[[:d:Q65168291|state within the state]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1192543|legal doctrine]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15911903|Q15911903]]
| ''[[:d:Q15911903|state-level new area of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106342591|new area of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1887248|Q1887248]]
| ''[[:d:Q1887248|Staten van het kwartier Zutphen]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50464|Q50464]]
| ''[[:d:Q50464|states and federal territories of Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131541|Q131541]]
| ''[[:d:Q131541|states and union territories of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1763527|constituent country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125855456|statistical territorial entity of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q3712151|Q3712151]]
| ''[[:d:Q3712151|states of the Weimar Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q189062|Q189062]]
| ''[[:d:Q189062|states with nuclear weapons]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16887380|group]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3968555|Q3968555]]
| ''[[:d:Q3968555|statio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q748998|fire lookout tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47538966|Q47538966]]
| ''[[:d:Q47538966|Station]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q741218|Q741218]]
| ''[[:d:Q741218|station of the Nakasendō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1209783|shukuba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q140411845|69 Stations of the Nakasendō]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q75093704|Q75093704]]
| ''[[:d:Q75093704|station of the Tōkaidō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1209783|shukuba]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3134262|53 Stations of the Tōkaidō]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7604325|Q7604325]]
| ''[[:d:Q7604325|station point]]''
| ''[[:d:Q163021|observation post]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65620281|Q65620281]]
| ''[[:d:Q65620281|statistical area of Lappeenranta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20251294|subdivisions of Lappeenranta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2333944|Q2333944]]
| ''[[:d:Q2333944|statistical city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131840847|Q131840847]]
| ''[[:d:Q131840847|statistical district of Vaasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108321175|subdivisions of Vaasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q138548439|زیرمنطقه (فنلاند)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64340649|Q64340649]]
| ''[[:d:Q64340649|statistical neighborhood of Winterthur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q64340309|City district of Winterthur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19644586|Q19644586]]
| ''[[:d:Q19644586|statistical neighborhood of Zürich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297280|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Zürich]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1267939|Q1267939]]
| ''[[:d:Q1267939|statistical region of Serbia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1293536|administrative territorial entity of Serbia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100279081|Q100279081]]
| ''[[:d:Q100279081|statistical territorial entity in Berlin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q116752706|administrative territorial entity of Berlin]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7275|Q7275]]
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1896989|subject of international law]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q96196009|former or current state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211606|social structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
| organisation politic e juridic de un territorio delimitate
|-
| [[:d:Q1782789|Q1782789]]
| ''[[:d:Q1782789|Stato da Màr]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3622002|geographical area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5852411|Q5852411]]
| ''[[:d:Q5852411|stato de Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q178712|state or territory of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20617590|Q20617590]]
| [[Statos de Brasil|stato de Brasil]]
| ''[[:d:Q485258|Statos de Brasil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
|
| [[Appendice:Lista de statos de Brasil]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4209223|Q4209223]]
| ''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1192543|legal doctrine]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12443800|Q12443800]]
| ''[[:d:Q12443800|stato de India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131541|states and union territories of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15149663|Q15149663]]
| [[stato de Mexico]]
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20528428|federative entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35657|Q35657]]
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106458883|state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q155076|juridical person]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135236673|Pentacontad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q150340|list of U.S. states and territories by area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q906228|list of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6600984|list of U.S. states and territories by fertility rate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6600994|list of U.S. states and territories by Human Development Index]]''<br/>[[Appendice:Lista de statos del Statos Unite de America]]<br/>''[[:d:Q125503|list of U.S. states by population]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107390|Q107390]]
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q96196009|former or current state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1221156|Q1221156]]
| [[Stato federal (Germania)|stato federate de Germania]]
| ''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q406957|NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112099|Q112099]]
| [[stato insular]]
| [[stato]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q111018943|habited island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6859151|list of island countries]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4204060|Q4204060]]
| ''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q183039|form of state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q160016|Q160016]]
| ''[[:d:Q160016|stato membro del Nationes Unite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13473501|collective]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19696543|list of member states of the United Nations]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q185441|Q185441]]
| [[stato membro del Union Europee]]
| ''[[:d:Q1646605|member state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4897819|role]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10711424|Q10711424]]
| ''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1063239|polity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q199683|list of states with limited recognition]]''
| territorio con soveranitate de facto ma sin recognition international
|-
| [[:d:Q3024240|Q3024240]]
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q62630|list of former sovereign states]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q859563|Q859563]]
| [[stato secular]]
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q183039|form of state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3624078|Q3624078]]
| ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>[[pais]]
|
| [[Appendice:Lista de statos e entitates soveran|Lista de statos e entitates soveran]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q179164|Q179164]]
| ''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q485258|Q485258]]
| ''[[:d:Q485258|Statos de Brasil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
| entitates federative de Brasil
|-
| [[:d:Q257978|Q257978]]
| ''[[:d:Q257978|statutory city in the Czech Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15092400|independent city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15978299|municipality with town privileges in the Czech Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q76401672|statutory city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q262882|Q262882]]
| ''[[:d:Q262882|statutory city of Austria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q361733|administrative territorial entity of Austria]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q13539802|place with town rights and privileges]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q667509|municipality of Austria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q871419|district of Austria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110292680|Q110292680]]
| ''[[:d:Q110292680|statutory city of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110292529|city of Minnesota]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q76401672|statutory city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140044940|Q140044940]]
| ''[[:d:Q140044940|statutory town of Colorado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q140044899|municipality of Colorado]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18009853|Q18009853]]
| ''[[:d:Q18009853|stedelijk gebied]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18114025|místní část]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3497794|Q3497794]]
| ''[[:d:Q3497794|steen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2786687|Q2786687]]
| ''[[:d:Q2786687|steenhuis]]''
| [[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q131596|farm]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q617347|Q617347]]
| ''[[:d:Q617347|stem duchy]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q216353|title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2699727|Q2699727]]
| ''[[:d:Q2699727|stemdistrict]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1522183|Q1522183]]
| ''[[:d:Q1522183|Steuerdistrikt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51674872|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Bavaria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2349866|Q2349866]]
| ''[[:d:Q2349866|Stimmkreis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q603492|Q603492]]
| ''[[:d:Q603492|stinswier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92062|motte-and-bailey castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1529874|landscape element]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139960687|Q139960687]]
| ''[[:d:Q139960687|strategic authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q80647952|Q80647952]]
| ''[[:d:Q80647952|strategic regional authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9346578|Q9346578]]
| ''[[:d:Q9346578|Strażnica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7623078|Q7623078]]
| ''[[:d:Q7623078|streetcar suburb]]''
| ''[[:d:Q985488|residential community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7624092|Q7624092]]
| ''[[:d:Q7624092|Strip parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3390714|Q3390714]]
| ''[[:d:Q3390714|stronghold]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30056315|military architecture]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4335412|Q4335412]]
| ''[[:d:Q4335412|strongpoint]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1656167|military position]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10682841|Q10682841]]
| ''[[:d:Q10682841|stäk]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9347515|Q9347515]]
| ''[[:d:Q9347515|Stützpunkt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q1969448|term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124830009|Q124830009]]
| ''[[:d:Q124830009|Sub Regional Controls]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113557679|alternative seat of government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124830432|Q124830432]]
| ''[[:d:Q124830432|Sub Regional Headquarters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113557679|alternative seat of government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10374485|Q10374485]]
| ''[[:d:Q10374485|sub-bairro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7630601|Q7630601]]
| ''[[:d:Q7630601|sub-county of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q35175440|Q35175440]]
| ''[[:d:Q35175440|sub-district of Jordan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28544871|Q28544871]]
| ''[[:d:Q28544871|sub-metropolitan municipality of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2982272|Q2982272]]
| ''[[:d:Q2982272|sub-prefecture of Djibouti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1188183|administrative territorial entity of Djibouti]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135920179|Q135920179]]
| ''[[:d:Q135920179|sub-prefecture of Ivory Coast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1367821|subprefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2679154|administrative territorial entity of Ivory Coast]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1911973|Q1911973]]
| ''[[:d:Q1911973|sub-prefecture of the Central African Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631092|administrative territorial entity of the Central African Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55007345|Q55007345]]
| ''[[:d:Q55007345|sub-province of the Philippines]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1350310|administrative territorial entity of the Philippines]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q250811|Q250811]]
| ''[[:d:Q250811|sub-province-level division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9316670|prefecture-level division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4056396|Q4056396]]
| ''[[:d:Q4056396|sub-provincial autonomous prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q788104|autonomous prefecture]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1050126|Q1050126]]
| ''[[:d:Q1050126|sub-provincial district of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q250811|sub-province-level division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110976965|Q110976965]]
| ''[[:d:Q110976965|sub-region of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135009855|Q135009855]]
| ''[[:d:Q135009855|sub-tehsil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137712181|Q137712181]]
| ''[[:d:Q137712181|sub-townland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2151232|townland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3772949|Q3772949]]
| ''[[:d:Q3772949|subah]]''
| [[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18654693|Q18654693]]
| ''[[:d:Q18654693|subbarrio of Puerto Rico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22065637|administrative subdivision of Puerto Rico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18674678|Q18674678]]
| ''[[:d:Q18674678|subcomarca of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12829|comarca]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7630982|Q7630982]]
| ''[[:d:Q7630982|Subcouncils of the City of Cape Town]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30912108|Q30912108]]
| ''[[:d:Q30912108|subdelegación of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1365122|administrative territorial entity of Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3491994|Q3491994]]
| ''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15140073|Q15140073]]
| ''[[:d:Q15140073|subdistrict administrative organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15663836|local administrative unit in Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q986065|Q986065]]
| ''[[:d:Q986065|subdistrict in China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15141625|Q15141625]]
| ''[[:d:Q15141625|subdistrict municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1155688|thesaban]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58017|Q58017]]
| ''[[:d:Q58017|subdistrict of Botswana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57354|administrative territorial entity of Botswana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105626471|Q105626471]]
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125855456|statistical territorial entity of India]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q105824105|list of subdistricts of India]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12249052|Q12249052]]
| ''[[:d:Q12249052|subdistrict of Iraq]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14925259|administrative territorial entity of Iraq]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6573597|Q6573597]]
| ''[[:d:Q6573597|subdistrict of Israel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550119|administrative territorial entity of Israel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15665395|Q15665395]]
| ''[[:d:Q15665395|subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15665504|administrative territorial entity of Mandatory Palestine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3491994|subdistrict]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105546855|Q105546855]]
| ''[[:d:Q105546855|subdistrict of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623255|administrative territorial entity of Saudi Arabia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12249051|Q12249051]]
| ''[[:d:Q12249051|subdistrict of Syria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12267454|administrative territorial entity of Syria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1087624|nahiyah]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276485|Q17276485]]
| ''[[:d:Q17276485|subdistrict of the canton of Graubünden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17276480|Q17276480]]
| ''[[:d:Q17276480|subdistrict of the canton of Ticino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917419|administrative territorial entity of the canton of Ticino]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15849374|Q15849374]]
| ''[[:d:Q15849374|subdistrict of the German Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55292|administrative territorial entity of the German Democratic Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20830236|Q20830236]]
| ''[[:d:Q20830236|subdistrict of the United States Virgin Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5283494|administrative territorial entity of the United States Virgin Islands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135338414|Q135338414]]
| ''[[:d:Q135338414|subdivision of a neighborhood of Espoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q135338809|administrative territorial entity of Espoo]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79696253|Q79696253]]
| ''[[:d:Q79696253|subdivision of a neighborhood of Helsinki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21682724|municipal district of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63135009|divisió de districte de Hèlsinki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3177944|administrative territorial entity of Helsinki]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125631936|Q125631936]]
| ''[[:d:Q125631936|subdivision of Bihar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7631016|Q7631016]]
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125919353|Q125919353]]
| ''[[:d:Q125919353|subdivision of Jharkhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987727|Q122987727]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987727|subdivision of Lakshadweep]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125918906|Q125918906]]
| ''[[:d:Q125918906|subdivision of Maharashtra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987729|Q122987729]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987729|subdivision of Manipur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60843390|Q60843390]]
| ''[[:d:Q60843390|subdivision of Odisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976662|Q3976662]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976662|subdivision of Palermo]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123461448|Q123461448]]
| ''[[:d:Q123461448|subdivision of Paris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1019982|Q1019982]]
| ''[[:d:Q1019982|subdivision of Rome]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122956696|Q122956696]]
| ''[[:d:Q122956696|subdivision of Sikkim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30329223|Q30329223]]
| ''[[:d:Q30329223|subdivision of the Illyrian Provinces]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2520514|Q2520514]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520514|Subdivision of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502480|Q3502480]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502480|subdivision of Tochigi Prefecture]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126201439|Q126201439]]
| ''[[:d:Q126201439|subdivision of Tripura]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125631953|Q125631953]]
| ''[[:d:Q125631953|subdivision of Uttar Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125919325|Q125919325]]
| ''[[:d:Q125919325|subdivision of Uttarakhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13058507|Q13058507]]
| ''[[:d:Q13058507|subdivision of West Bengal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18924952|list of subdivisions in West Bengal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10864048|Q10864048]]
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48941128|Q48941128]]
| ''[[:d:Q48941128|Subdivisions de Iaroslavl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15195406|city district in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15623264|Q15623264]]
| ''[[:d:Q15623264|subdivisions of Belgium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3976659|Q3976659]]
| ''[[:d:Q3976659|subdivisions of Belgrade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17166802|city municipality of Serbia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15055423|Q15055423]]
| ''[[:d:Q15055423|subdivisions of Bhutan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q80096233|Wikimedia information list]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q11917457|Q11917457]]
| ''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86671311|Q86671311]]
| ''[[:d:Q86671311|subdivisions of Kuopio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20251294|Q20251294]]
| ''[[:d:Q20251294|subdivisions of Lappeenranta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q243669|Q243669]]
| ''[[:d:Q243669|subdivisions of Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12076831|hierarchy of administrative territorial entities of countries in Europe]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1142056|Q1142056]]
| ''[[:d:Q1142056|subdivisions of the Duchy of Warsaw]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2300219|Q2300219]]
| ''[[:d:Q2300219|subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12959600|Q12959600]]
| ''[[:d:Q12959600|Subdivisions of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108321175|Q108321175]]
| ''[[:d:Q108321175|subdivisions of Vaasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q683738|Q683738]]
| ''[[:d:Q683738|Subdivisions of Wales]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106395832|Q106395832]]
| ''[[:d:Q106395832|Subdivisions à Kouvola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116196326|Q116196326]]
| ''[[:d:Q116196326|subdivisões da Bahia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10374536|administrative territorial entity of Brazil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125923559|Q125923559]]
| ''[[:d:Q125923559|subdivsion of Gujarat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631016|subdivision of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502498|Q3502498]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502498|Subdélégation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q331367|Q331367]]
| ''[[:d:Q331367|submarine base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q452020|Q452020]]
| ''[[:d:Q452020|submarine pen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q190928|shipyard]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q331367|submarine base]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20616831|Q20616831]]
| ''[[:d:Q20616831|submerged settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22674925|former settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q22674930|destroyed settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112580765|sunken entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111051152|submerged place]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q350895|abandoned village]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50278433|Q50278433]]
| ''[[:d:Q50278433|Submunicipal level councilors constituency in South Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1367821|Q1367821]]
| ''[[:d:Q1367821|subprefecture]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2330190|Q2330190]]
| ''[[:d:Q2330190|subprefecture in Hokkaidō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q850450|subprefecture of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7630629|Q7630629]]
| ''[[:d:Q7630629|subprefecture of Chad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044747|administrative territorial entity of Chad]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1853398|Q1853398]]
| ''[[:d:Q1853398|subprefecture of Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502438|administrative territorial entity of Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20981165|Q20981165]]
| ''[[:d:Q20981165|subprefecture of Ivory Coast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2679154|administrative territorial entity of Ivory Coast]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q850450|Q850450]]
| ''[[:d:Q850450|subprefecture of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11395528|local agency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19886676|Q19886676]]
| ''[[:d:Q19886676|subprefecture of São Paulo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1007114|administrative territorial entity of São Paulo City]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1367821|subprefecture]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1044880|Q1044880]]
| ''[[:d:Q1044880|subprefecture-level city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15701038|Q15701038]]
| ''[[:d:Q15701038|subregion of Antioquia Department]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20995013|Q20995013]]
| ''[[:d:Q20995013|subregion of Bolívar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20022284|Q20022284]]
| ''[[:d:Q20022284|subregion of Caldas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27907806|Q27907806]]
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631923|subregion]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3729800|Q3729800]]
| ''[[:d:Q3729800|subregion of Eritrea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15728794|administrative territorial entity of Eritrea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631923|subregion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q762882|Q762882]]
| ''[[:d:Q762882|subregion of Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6134890|Q6134890]]
| ''[[:d:Q6134890|subregion of Huila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q715398|Q715398]]
| ''[[:d:Q715398|subregion of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2520520|administrative territorial entity of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631923|subregion]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11618279|LAU 1]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q18242706|list of subregions of Hungary]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21274967|Q21274967]]
| ''[[:d:Q21274967|subregion of Nariño]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20830283|Q20830283]]
| ''[[:d:Q20830283|subregion of Norte de Santander]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3775649|Q3775649]]
| ''[[:d:Q3775649|subregion of Portugal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41791733|statistical territorial entity of Portugal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>[[region]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q12400776|Anexo:NUTS III portuguesas]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20995014|Q20995014]]
| ''[[:d:Q20995014|subregion of Sucre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17378017|Q17378017]]
| ''[[:d:Q17378017|subregion of Tabasco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20995015|Q20995015]]
| ''[[:d:Q20995015|subregion of Valle del Cauca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27907806|subregion of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3408487|Q3408487]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408487|Subregions of Colombia]]''
| [[provincia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2824644|administrative territorial entity of Colombia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110713180|Q110713180]]
| ''[[:d:Q110713180|Subregions of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105490688|region of the levant]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631958|subregion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123264644|Q123264644]]
| ''[[:d:Q123264644|Subtehsil of Haryana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416354|subtehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123264643|Q123264643]]
| ''[[:d:Q123264643|Subtehsil of Himachal Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12416354|subtehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12416354|Q12416354]]
| ''[[:d:Q12416354|subtehsil of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23010647|Q23010647]]
| ''[[:d:Q23010647|suburb of Perth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188509|suburb]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7632426|suburb/locality of Australia]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6593913|list of Perth suburbs]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3502706|Q3502706]]
| ''[[:d:Q3502706|suburb of Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1019982|subdivision of Rome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7632426|Q7632426]]
| ''[[:d:Q7632426|suburb/locality of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188509|suburb]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98433835|Q98433835]]
| ''[[:d:Q98433835|suburb/locality of Tasmania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7632426|suburb/locality of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16889133|classe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6626659|list of localities in Tasmania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1184788|Q1184788]]
| ''[[:d:Q1184788|suburbicarian diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q373074|suffragan diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118128644|Q118128644]]
| ''[[:d:Q118128644|succession of states]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1896989|subject of international law]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7632657|Q7632657]]
| ''[[:d:Q7632657|successor parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1115575|civil parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q127693126|Q127693126]]
| ''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q104481692|successor organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22044663|Q22044663]]
| ''[[:d:Q22044663|suco of East Timor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6052777|administrative territorial entity of East Timor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q13479533|list of sucos of East Timor]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q373074|Q373074]]
| ''[[:d:Q373074|suffragan diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11602738|Q11602738]]
| ''[[:d:Q11602738|suji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7635776|Q7635776]]
| ''[[:d:Q7635776|Sukhaphiban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15663836|local administrative unit in Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125127259|Q125127259]]
| ''[[:d:Q125127259|sultanat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28516740|Q28516740]]
| ''[[:d:Q28516740|Sultanate of Pelalawan]]''
| [[Sultanato]]
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12759805|Q12759805]]
| [[Sultanato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1761350|Q1761350]]
| ''[[:d:Q1761350|sum]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2912045|Q2912045]]
| ''[[:d:Q2912045|summer capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6641762|Q6641762]]
| ''[[:d:Q6641762|summer village in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123431487|list of summer villages in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4446026|Q4446026]]
| ''[[:d:Q4446026|Sumon]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2365159|Q2365159]]
| ''[[:d:Q2365159|sumu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1761350|sum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15849630|Q15849630]]
| ''[[:d:Q15849630|Sun City]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3298871|Q3298871]]
| ''[[:d:Q3298871|sundown town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q130251383|list of sundown towns in the United States]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q853596|Q853596]]
| ''[[:d:Q853596|super-prefecture of Greece]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4189057|Q4189057]]
| ''[[:d:Q4189057|supernumerary town]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7644226|Q7644226]]
| ''[[:d:Q7644226|superstate]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138887573|Q138887573]]
| ''[[:d:Q138887573|supervisorial district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146790|United States electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16938838|Q16938838]]
| ''[[:d:Q16938838|supply depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q181623|warehouse]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123696317|Q123696317]]
| ''[[:d:Q123696317|suppressed apostolic vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q620225|apostolic vicariate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48026734|Q48026734]]
| ''[[:d:Q48026734|suppressed judicial district of Spain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15052846|judicial district of Spain]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135639685|Q135639685]]
| ''[[:d:Q135639685|suppressed territorial abbey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1778235|abbacy nullius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124344656|suppressed territorial prelature]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124344656|Q124344656]]
| ''[[:d:Q124344656|suppressed territorial prelature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2633744|territorial prelature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136373999|Q136373999]]
| ''[[:d:Q136373999|suppressed titular see]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15217609|titular see]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27780831|defunct Roman Catholic diocese]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131107935|Q131107935]]
| ''[[:d:Q131107935|supressed deanery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30749622|archpriesthood]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q55097243|defunct organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q385337|deanery]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2007800|Q2007800]]
| ''[[:d:Q2007800|surgery bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7647102|Q7647102]]
| ''[[:d:Q7647102|survey township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82047057|UCUM derived unit]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371562|unitate de area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q652360|Q652360]]
| ''[[:d:Q652360|sustainable city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1995987|Q1995987]]
| ''[[:d:Q1995987|Suvorov military school]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q269770|boarding school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q615794|Q615794]]
| ''[[:d:Q615794|suyu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4410013|Q4410013]]
| ''[[:d:Q4410013|sve]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10686109|Q10686109]]
| ''[[:d:Q10686109|Sveriges grevskap]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q353344|countship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10686205|Q10686205]]
| ''[[:d:Q10686205|Sveriges livgeding]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10686348|Q10686348]]
| ''[[:d:Q10686348|Svirfronten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1355821|frontier]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q741966|Q741966]]
| ''[[:d:Q741966|Swabian Circle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1798550|petty kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q460338|imperial circle of the Holy Roman Empire]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57413580|Q57413580]]
| ''[[:d:Q57413580|Swedish church abroad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615980|parish of the Church of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21857891|Q21857891]]
| ''[[:d:Q21857891|Swedish city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136825005|Q136825005]]
| ''[[:d:Q136825005|swing municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q70463866|swing district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2177636|municipality of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66762677|political term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q195594|Q195594]]
| ''[[:d:Q195594|swing state]]''
| [[Stato del Statos Unite|stato del Statos Unite de America]]<br/>''[[:d:Q70463866|swing district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q198981|target market]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965933|Q65965933]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965933|SWNE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965925|Q65965925]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965925|SWNW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965935|Q65965935]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965935|SWSE block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65965927|Q65965927]]
| ''[[:d:Q65965927|SWSW block]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65965920|block]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122049159|Q122049159]]
| ''[[:d:Q122049159|Sylhet Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q67770276|historic county]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3508242|Q3508242]]
| ''[[:d:Q3508242|syndicat d'agglomération nouvelle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18706073|public institution of intermunicipal cooperation with own taxation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3508250|Q3508250]]
| ''[[:d:Q3508250|syndicat intercommunal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3591564|établissement public de coopération intercommunale]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60965243|intermunicipal association]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16678453|Q16678453]]
| ''[[:d:Q16678453|Syndicat intercommunal des transports scolaires]]''
| ''[[:d:Q976195|SIVU]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16677012|Q16677012]]
| ''[[:d:Q16677012|syndicat intercommunal à vocation scolaire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q976195|SIVU]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52572620|Q52572620]]
| ''[[:d:Q52572620|synod]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125919902|Q125919902]]
| ''[[:d:Q125919902|synode des évêques]]''
| ''[[:d:Q637017|episcopal conference]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18616749|assembly of bishops]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109360909|Q109360909]]
| ''[[:d:Q109360909|Syria or Jordan valley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105490688|region of the levant]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108442423|Q108442423]]
| ''[[:d:Q108442423|Syro-Malabar Catholic Ecclesiastical Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10139375|Eastern Catholic ecclesiastical province]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108441897|Q108441897]]
| ''[[:d:Q108441897|syro-malabar metropolitan archdiocese]]''
| ''[[:d:Q108822885|Catholic Metropolitan Archieparchy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17130641|Q17130641]]
| ''[[:d:Q17130641|syssel]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12020623|Q12020623]]
| ''[[:d:Q12020623|système de château]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1296898|Q1296898]]
| ''[[:d:Q1296898|Szentgyörgymező]]''
| ''[[:d:Q991812|City parts of Esztergom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9351658|Q9351658]]
| ''[[:d:Q9351658|Szkoła podoficerska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29810941|Q29810941]]
| ''[[:d:Q29810941|Sølvbryllupskvarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q836634|Q836634]]
| ''[[:d:Q836634|sýsla]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17130641|syssel]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4425709|Q4425709]]
| ''[[:d:Q4425709|sō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11950708|Q11950708]]
| ''[[:d:Q11950708|sūr]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q709175|Q709175]]
| ''[[:d:Q709175|Tabaristan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q279838|Q279838]]
| ''[[:d:Q279838|tabor]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17637939|Q17637939]]
| ''[[:d:Q17637939|tagliata stradale]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6138000|Q6138000]]
| ''[[:d:Q6138000|taha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q217177|Q217177]]
| ''[[:d:Q217177|taifa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1088391|rump state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204060|stato islamic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q141114632|Llista de taifes d'Al-Àndalus]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q965692|Q965692]]
| ''[[:d:Q965692|taifa (first period)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q217177|taifa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3025345|Q3025345]]
| ''[[:d:Q3025345|taifa (second period)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q217177|taifa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11433655|Q11433655]]
| ''[[:d:Q11433655|Taikoku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15922249|Q15922249]]
| ''[[:d:Q15922249|Taiwan Free Economic Pilot Zones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3929782|free trade zone]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11670507|Q11670507]]
| ''[[:d:Q11670507|Takamatsu metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987739|Q122987739]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987739|taluk of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987717|Q122987717]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987717|Taluk of Goa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987724|Q122987724]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987724|taluk of Karnataka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7680362|Q7680362]]
| ''[[:d:Q7680362|taluk of Kerala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q67115065|list of taluks of Kerala]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987733|Q122987733]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987733|Taluk of Puducherry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987736|Q122987736]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987736|Taluk of Tamil Nadu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987718|Q122987718]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987718|taluka of Gujarat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13119795|Q13119795]]
| ''[[:d:Q13119795|taluka of Maharashtra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1077097|Q1077097]]
| ''[[:d:Q1077097|tambon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15695218|Q15695218]]
| ''[[:d:Q15695218|Tambon Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1077333|administrative divisions of Thailand]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98807679|Q98807679]]
| ''[[:d:Q98807679|Tampereen aluejako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98807678|Q98807678]]
| ''[[:d:Q98807678|Tampereen suuralue]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98807679|Tampereen aluejako]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3399170|Q3399170]]
| ''[[:d:Q3399170|Tanners' Gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2975358|Gates of Jerusalem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q603508|Q603508]]
| ''[[:d:Q603508|tapere]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3920299|Q3920299]]
| ''[[:d:Q3920299|tarasa]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1363743|wooden structure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97635319|Q97635319]]
| ''[[:d:Q97635319|tarisznyavár]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>[[edificio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49540686|Q49540686]]
| ''[[:d:Q49540686|Tasmanian House of Assembly electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30681685|Q30681685]]
| ''[[:d:Q30681685|Tasmanian House of Assembly electoral division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24960634|multi-member constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7687464|Q7687464]]
| ''[[:d:Q7687464|Tasmanian Legislative Council electoral division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1080224|state electoral district of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2395732|Q2395732]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395732|tata]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2395356|Q2395356]]
| ''[[:d:Q2395356|tata somba]]''
| [[casa]]<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123130642|Q123130642]]
| ''[[:d:Q123130642|tate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11465586|Japanese fortified residence]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11666944|Q11666944]]
| ''[[:d:Q11666944|Tateyama metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1156360|Q1156360]]
| ''[[:d:Q1156360|tegart fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q817477|Q817477]]
| ''[[:d:Q817477|tehsil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18127771|list of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24946397|list of mandals in Telangana]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6763673|list of talukas of Sindh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694919|list of tehsils of Balochistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694922|list of tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55634867|Q55634867]]
| ''[[:d:Q55634867|Tehsil Municipal Administration]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987709|Q122987709]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987709|tehsil of Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987714|Q122987714]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987714|Tehsil of Chandigarh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987715|Q122987715]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987715|tehsil of Chhattisgarh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987716|Q122987716]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987716|Tehsil of Delhi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987719|Q122987719]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987719|Tehsil of Haryana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987720|Q122987720]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987720|Tehsil of Himachal Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7694920|Q7694920]]
| ''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q817477|tehsil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987721|Q122987721]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987721|tehsil of Jammu and Kashmir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987726|Q122987726]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987726|tehsil of Ladakh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987728|Q122987728]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987728|tehsil of Madhya Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q108208942|list of tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18670606|Q18670606]]
| ''[[:d:Q18670606|tehsil of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q817477|tehsil]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987734|Q122987734]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987734|tehsil of Punjab, India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987735|Q122987735]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987735|tehsil of Rajasthan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987742|Q122987742]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987742|tehsil of Uttar Pradesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122987741|Q122987741]]
| ''[[:d:Q122987741|tehsil of Uttarakhand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105626471|subdistrict of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7694920|tehsil of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106783372|Q106783372]]
| ''[[:d:Q106783372|telephone line chambers of Czechoslovak border fortification before World War II]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139592496|Q139592496]]
| ''[[:d:Q139592496|Tema]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q12404340|biblical place]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3024331|Q3024331]]
| ''[[:d:Q3024331|Templar Commandery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434544|commandry]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24398318|religious building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118610570|Q118610570]]
| ''[[:d:Q118610570|temporal military camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26907166|temporal entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81324829|Q81324829]]
| ''[[:d:Q81324829|temporary camp associated with the Antonine Wall]]''
| [[Castrum]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q377283|Q377283]]
| ''[[:d:Q377283|temporary capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136376981|Q136376981]]
| ''[[:d:Q136376981|temporary military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97095925|military area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134496690|facility type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17217734|Q17217734]]
| ''[[:d:Q17217734|tenaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11381457|Q11381457]]
| ''[[:d:Q11381457|tenmachō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498890|Q101498890]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498890|Tennessee Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499000|Q101499000]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499000|Tennessee Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1685411|Q1685411]]
| ''[[:d:Q1685411|tenryō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11489110|goryōsho]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11621880|kurairichi]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49144|Q49144]]
| ''[[:d:Q49144|tenshu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q391414|architectural element]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q11442521|list of tenshu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109570697|list of tenshu-style buildings outside of Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7700844|Q7700844]]
| ''[[:d:Q7700844|Tenth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q590320|Q590320]]
| ''[[:d:Q590320|Tenth constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q312461|Q312461]]
| ''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]''
| [[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q2628882|legal status]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11951629|Q11951629]]
| ''[[:d:Q11951629|Terra regis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7375078|royal manor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125951504|Q125951504]]
| ''[[:d:Q125951504|terre coutumière]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57237926|reservation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3518716|Q3518716]]
| ''[[:d:Q3518716|terre de surséance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q29386689|Q29386689]]
| ''[[:d:Q29386689|terres réservées aux Naskapis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1839674|lands inhabited by indigenous peoples]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q583865|Q583865]]
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22923920|Q22923920]]
| ''[[:d:Q22923920|territorial collectivity of France with special status]]''
| ''[[:d:Q583865|territorial collectivity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124364380|Q124364380]]
| ''[[:d:Q124364380|territorial community of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2734310|Q2734310]]
| ''[[:d:Q2734310|territorial demarcation of Mexico City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109612062|Q109612062]]
| ''[[:d:Q109612062|territorial demarcation of the Pious Schools]]''
| ''[[:d:Q51041800|religious administrative entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47454933|Q47454933]]
| ''[[:d:Q47454933|territorial electoral district of Nunavut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15896168|Q15896168]]
| ''[[:d:Q15896168|territorial electoral district of the Northwest Territories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q47454928|Q47454928]]
| ''[[:d:Q47454928|territorial electoral district of Yukon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5030865|provincial/territorial electoral district in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122911647|Q122911647]]
| ''[[:d:Q122911647|territorial episcopal vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16646034|episcopal vicariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q121144515|type of religious institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116175792|Q116175792]]
| ''[[:d:Q116175792|territorial hamlet of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12804010|Q12804010]]
| ''[[:d:Q12804010|territorial parish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17143723|Catholic parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2633744|Q2633744]]
| ''[[:d:Q2633744|territorial prelature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17305527|prelature]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q213204|Q213204]]
| ''[[:d:Q213204|territorial sea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q136338767|maritime zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1400303|Q1400303]]
| ''[[:d:Q1400303|territorial state]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135299026|Q135299026]]
| ''[[:d:Q135299026|territorial unit (uban) of a Tbilisi district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q135299011|list of territorial units (ubans) of Tbilisi]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4456179|Q4456179]]
| ''[[:d:Q4456179|territorial unit with special status of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134800186|Q134800186]]
| ''[[:d:Q134800186|territorial waters of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1623590|territory]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57366673|Q57366673]]
| ''[[:d:Q57366673|territorial waters of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7893191|United States territory]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q213204|territorial sea]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105728458|Q105728458]]
| ''[[:d:Q105728458|Territories occupied by Azerbaijan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q183366|Q183366]]
| [[Territorio]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[region]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q161243|Q161243]]
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q618123|geographical feature]]''
| [[Appendice:Lista de territorios dependente o disputate]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2835597|Q2835597]]
| ''[[:d:Q2835597|Territorios vikingos de las Islas del Norte]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1623590|Q1623590]]
| ''[[:d:Q1623590|territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14916058|Q14916058]]
| ''[[:d:Q14916058|territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106532582|Q106532582]]
| ''[[:d:Q106532582|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116447059|Q116447059]]
| ''[[:d:Q116447059|territory]]''
| [[oblast]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14192199|Q14192199]]
| ''[[:d:Q14192199|territory of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q178712|state or territory of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9357527|Q9357527]]
| ''[[:d:Q9357527|territory of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2879|provincias e territorios de Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5214867|federal territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14916058|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2216973|Q2216973]]
| ''[[:d:Q2216973|territory of Mexico]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q112865|administrative territorial entity of Mexico]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109407688|Q109407688]]
| ''[[:d:Q109407688|territory of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14916058|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q95985724|geographic history of Saudi Arabia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7703797|Q7703797]]
| ''[[:d:Q7703797|territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3253485|administrative territorial entity of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111551668|list of territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1352230|Q1352230]]
| ''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5214867|federal territory]]''<br/>[[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104782082|Q104782082]]
| ''[[:d:Q104782082|territory outside RCM in Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q109037029|liste des territoires hors MRC]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14872996|Q14872996]]
| ''[[:d:Q14872996|territory shared by several municipalities of Switzerland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631075|entitate territorial administrative de Switza]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116196312|Q116196312]]
| ''[[:d:Q116196312|território de identidade da Bahia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116196326|subdivisões da Bahia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1299906|regionalization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q518429|Q518429]]
| ''[[:d:Q518429|Terziere]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3984907|Q3984907]]
| ''[[:d:Q3984907|terzo of Siena]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3130489|Q3130489]]
| ''[[:d:Q3130489|Terçon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134356439|Q134356439]]
| ''[[:d:Q134356439|Tetrahedron (military obstacle)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57346|defensive wall]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q174450|Q174450]]
| [[Tetrarchia]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1553864|governance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106371459|Q106371459]]
| ''[[:d:Q106371459|Teutonic commandery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434544|commandry]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24398318|religious building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498950|Q101498950]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498950|Texas Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499077|Q101499077]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499077|Texas Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7708182|Q7708182]]
| ''[[:d:Q7708182|Texas Tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q133288241|military radar station]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2016031|offshore construction]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7708216|Q7708216]]
| ''[[:d:Q7708216|Texas World War II Army Airfields]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18696097|Q18696097]]
| ''[[:d:Q18696097|Textile Company Town in Catalonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q627236|company town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q46398483|textile factory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96316075|Q96316075]]
| ''[[:d:Q96316075|thana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114839325|police administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19832617|Q19832617]]
| ''[[:d:Q19832617|thana of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q861951|police station]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1211369|Q1211369]]
| ''[[:d:Q1211369|the empire on which the sun never sets]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19202067|global empire]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1790360|colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3026787|saying]]''<br/>[[idioma]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135670637|Q135670637]]
| ''[[:d:Q135670637|The Free Republic of Alcatraz]]''
| [[pais]]
| [[micronation]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31197781|Q31197781]]
| ''[[:d:Q31197781|The Israelite Citadels in the Negev]]''
| [[Citadella]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20602504|Q20602504]]
| ''[[:d:Q20602504|The National Parks of Wales]]''
| [[parco national]]
| ''[[:d:Q728646|partnership]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135670694|Q135670694]]
| ''[[:d:Q135670694|The Princedom of Aysellant]]''
| [[pais]]
| [[micronation]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q379817|Q379817]]
| [[thema del Imperio Byzantin]]
| ''[[:d:Q6418772|entitate territorial administrative del Imperio Byzantin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[provincia del Imperio Roman]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q991683|Q991683]]
| ''[[:d:Q991683|theoretical municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1155688|Q1155688]]
| ''[[:d:Q1155688|thesaban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15663836|local administrative unit in Thailand]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13025342|Q13025342]]
| ''[[:d:Q13025342|thesaban mueang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1155688|thesaban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15141632|Q15141632]]
| ''[[:d:Q15141632|thesaban nakhon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1155688|thesaban]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q102131920|Q102131920]]
| ''[[:d:Q102131920|thikana]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1336152|princely state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q283786|Q283786]]
| ''[[:d:Q283786|Third constituency for French residents overseas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6248917|overseas constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15620943|constituency of the French Fifth Republic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1259308|Q1259308]]
| ''[[:d:Q1259308|third country]]''
| [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q22251654|third party]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15221370|Q15221370]]
| ''[[:d:Q15221370|third-class city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15221256|city of Wisconsin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26262476|Q26262476]]
| ''[[:d:Q26262476|third-level administrative country subdivision in Indonesia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1434505|administrative territorial entity of Indonesia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12357920|Q12357920]]
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48909258|Q48909258]]
| ''[[:d:Q48909258|third-order administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q163359|local administrative unit in the NUTS system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6146459|Q6146459]]
| ''[[:d:Q6146459|Three Fanzhen of Hebei]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29430681|triad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12060390|Q12060390]]
| ''[[:d:Q12060390|three large camps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4466899|Q4466899]]
| ''[[:d:Q4466899|thromde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15055423|subdivisions of Bhutan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q315010|Q315010]]
| ''[[:d:Q315010|Thuringian states]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16481437|Q16481437]]
| ''[[:d:Q16481437|thị trấn nông trường]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070942|Commune-level town of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q175185|rural area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118448656|Q118448656]]
| ''[[:d:Q118448656|thừa tuyên]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130268510|Q130268510]]
| ''[[:d:Q130268510|Tigheci]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683535|administrative divisions of Moldavia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038521|Q112038521]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038521|Tijuca]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q427530|Q427530]]
| ''[[:d:Q427530|timar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66493932|land tenure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149275|property law]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137189668|type of legal entity in the Ottoman Empire]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9386574|Q9386574]]
| ''[[:d:Q9386574|timber castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4127125|Q4127125]]
| ''[[:d:Q4127125|time in the United Kingdom]]''
| [[Fuso horari]]
| ''[[:d:Q22676729|time by area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17272482|Q17272482]]
| ''[[:d:Q17272482|time zone named for a UTC offset]]''
| [[Fuso horari]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116908836|Q116908836]]
| ''[[:d:Q116908836|timezones in Japan]]''
| [[Fuso horari]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15839085|Q15839085]]
| ''[[:d:Q15839085|Timochka Oblast]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41763771|oblast of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10910840|Q10910840]]
| ''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12006432|Q12006432]]
| ''[[:d:Q12006432|tinglag]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65077752|Q65077752]]
| ''[[:d:Q65077752|tipping-point state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q195594|swing state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1949963|statistic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4897819|role]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5394548|Q5394548]]
| ''[[:d:Q5394548|tithing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2195811|Q2195811]]
| ''[[:d:Q2195811|titular city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1418640|local government in Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151411|designation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15217609|Q15217609]]
| ''[[:d:Q15217609|titular see]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3146899|diocese of the Catholic Church]]''
| ''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''
| ''[[:d:Q338904|list of titular sees]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65212102|Q65212102]]
| ''[[:d:Q65212102|tiyuh of Lampung Province]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225692|fourth-level administrative division in Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135642887|Q135642887]]
| ''[[:d:Q135642887|Tobol]]''
| [[pais]]<br/>[[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q471359|Q471359]]
| ''[[:d:Q471359|tobruk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q218599|Q218599]]
| ''[[:d:Q218599|toll castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116661400|Q116661400]]
| ''[[:d:Q116661400|Tombolia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1853398|subprefecture of Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19941361|Q19941361]]
| ''[[:d:Q19941361|tong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41156|administrative territorial entity of South Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q229973|Q229973]]
| ''[[:d:Q229973|tongue (Knights Hospitaller)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2029182|province of a religious order]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19392820|Q19392820]]
| ''[[:d:Q19392820|torpedo battery]]''
| [[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1330003|torpedo tube]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124078422|weapon type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97249428|Q97249428]]
| ''[[:d:Q97249428|torraza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97631209|Q97631209]]
| ''[[:d:Q97631209|Torre del Homenaje de Pegalajar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137887272|keep]]''<br/>[[Campanil]]
| [[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q907116|Monument (Spain)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25410240|Q25410240]]
| ''[[:d:Q25410240|Torre Viscontea]]''
| [[castello]]
| [[Turre]]<br/>[[castello]]<br/>[[museo]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23498144|Q23498144]]
| ''[[:d:Q23498144|tour-reduit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q90754|redoubt]]''<br/>[[Turre]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7829105|Q7829105]]
| ''[[:d:Q7829105|tourism improvement district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q474818|business improvement district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105370186|Q105370186]]
| ''[[:d:Q105370186|tourism region of Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3744088|tourism region]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q839079|list of tourism regions of Slovakia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11630531|Q11630531]]
| ''[[:d:Q11630531|tourist city]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2460972|Q2460972]]
| ''[[:d:Q2460972|tower castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2051519|Q2051519]]
| ''[[:d:Q2051519|tower fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91312|Q91312]]
| ''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''<br/>[[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1535658|Q1535658]]
| ''[[:d:Q1535658|tower house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q89708|Q89708]]
| ''[[:d:Q89708|tower houses in the Balkans]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5755866|Q5755866]]
| ''[[:d:Q5755866|Towered houses of Alto Aragón]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1408475|fortified house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125127282|Q125127282]]
| ''[[:d:Q125127282|towerhouse in Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1535658|tower house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129882905|Q129882905]]
| ''[[:d:Q129882905|town administration of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107199667|Q107199667]]
| ''[[:d:Q107199667|town assembly in Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138354621|municipal assembly of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110977342|Q110977342]]
| ''[[:d:Q110977342|town council of Uganda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6697142|administrative territorial entity of Uganda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67123843|Q67123843]]
| ''[[:d:Q67123843|town divided by border]]''
| ''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q244793|twin cities]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q921148|list of divided cities]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55430416|Q55430416]]
| ''[[:d:Q55430416|town in Alberta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15219391|list of towns in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138164972|Q138164972]]
| ''[[:d:Q138164972|town in Arizona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135396264|Q135396264]]
| ''[[:d:Q135396264|town in California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q9283961|incorporated town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21074401|administrative territorial entity of California]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15105893|Q15105893]]
| ''[[:d:Q15105893|town in Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3435941|administrative territorial entity of Croatia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q57058|municipality of Croatia]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13218690|Q13218690]]
| ''[[:d:Q13218690|town in Hungary]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14502790|settlement of Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q181731|list of cities and towns in Hungary]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58339518|Q58339518]]
| ''[[:d:Q58339518|town in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135396321|Q135396321]]
| ''[[:d:Q135396321|town in Indiana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9283961|incorporated town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131905118|Q131905118]]
| ''[[:d:Q131905118|town in Manitoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6643740|list of towns in Manitoba]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134587884|Q134587884]]
| ''[[:d:Q134587884|town in Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52132873|Q52132873]]
| ''[[:d:Q52132873|town in New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3111821|community of New Brunswick]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q17111834|list of towns in New Brunswick]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59341087|Q59341087]]
| ''[[:d:Q59341087|town in Nova Scotia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15068900|Q15068900]]
| ''[[:d:Q15068900|town in Prince Edward Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15618485|administrative territorial entity of Prince Edward Island]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q16858213|Q16858213]]
| ''[[:d:Q16858213|town in Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11618417|LAU 2]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q609042|shtetl]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q188448|list of cities in Romania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6643756|Q6643756]]
| ''[[:d:Q6643756|town in Saskatchewan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17110751|municipality in Saskatchewan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15127012|Q15127012]]
| ''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16861595|Q16861595]]
| ''[[:d:Q16861595|Town Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q115871265|urban local body in India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q815324|Q815324]]
| ''[[:d:Q815324|town municipality of Turkey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2916486|administrative territorial entity type of Turkey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q19612867|список турецких бельде]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16724476|Q16724476]]
| ''[[:d:Q16724476|town of Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14921981|administrative territorial entity of Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q209993|list of cities and towns in Belarus]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412766|Q25412766]]
| ''[[:d:Q25412766|town of Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q25412770|urban entity in Chile]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q5762182|list of towns in Chile]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q735428|Q735428]]
| ''[[:d:Q735428|town of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15411479|Q15411479]]
| ''[[:d:Q15411479|town of Connecticut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2154459|New England town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4683520|administrative territorial entity of Connecticut]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7830079|Q7830079]]
| ''[[:d:Q7830079|town of district significance in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106389302|city/town in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18398645|types of towns and cities in Russia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1059478|Q1059478]]
| ''[[:d:Q1059478|town of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q117351913|city, town or village of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q48103755|list of towns in Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139961091|Q139961091]]
| ''[[:d:Q139961091|town of Maryland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131618150|municipality of Maryland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7829892|Q7829892]]
| ''[[:d:Q7829892|town of New Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54115138|municipality of New Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106071004|Q106071004]]
| ''[[:d:Q106071004|town of New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44529188|Q44529188]]
| ''[[:d:Q44529188|town of Newfoundland and Labrador]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q956318|designated place of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110256876|Q110256876]]
| ''[[:d:Q110256876|town of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97660034|Q97660034]]
| ''[[:d:Q97660034|town of rayon significance]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106389302|city/town in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18398645|types of towns and cities in Russia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131438413|Q131438413]]
| ''[[:d:Q131438413|town of Rhode Island]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2154459|New England town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4683541|administrative territorial entity of Rhode Island]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4167896|Q4167896]]
| ''[[:d:Q4167896|town of Rus']]''
| ''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15661340|ancient city]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16700424|list of towns of Ancient Rus']]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69935452|Q69935452]]
| ''[[:d:Q69935452|town of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69936911|county of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100503226|Q100503226]]
| ''[[:d:Q100503226|town of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16687459|Q16687459]]
| ''[[:d:Q16687459|town of Turkmenistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3957|burgo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q98938901|Q98938901]]
| ''[[:d:Q98938901|town of Vermont]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2154459|New England town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6643768|list of towns in Vermont]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15411644|Q15411644]]
| ''[[:d:Q15411644|town of Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7225123|administrative territorial entity of Virginia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q9283961|incorporated town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132172647|Q132172647]]
| ''[[:d:Q132172647|town of West Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140401875|Q140401875]]
| ''[[:d:Q140401875|town with a double name]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42744322|municipalitate urban de Germania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q98966309|classification of human settlements]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q67518978|occurrent]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2151232|Q2151232]]
| ''[[:d:Q2151232|townland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3356092|administrative territorial entity of Ireland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7830212|Q7830212]]
| ''[[:d:Q7830212|township]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16884865|Q16884865]]
| ''[[:d:Q16884865|Township High School District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106237397|high school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28111|Q28111]]
| ''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19610511|township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12081657|Q12081657]]
| ''[[:d:Q12081657|township level division of the Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327864|Q3327864]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327864|township municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19610511|township]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27676422|Q27676422]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676422|township municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3327864|township municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55774719|Q55774719]]
| ''[[:d:Q55774719|township municipality in Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327899|municipality of Ontario]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6643820|list of township municipalities in Ontario]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24027556|Q24027556]]
| ''[[:d:Q24027556|township of Arkansas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361351|administrative territorial entity of Arkansas]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q812645|list of townships of Arkansas]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131388238|Q131388238]]
| ''[[:d:Q131388238|township of California]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4992061|police district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2936646|Q2936646]]
| ''[[:d:Q2936646|township of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1500350|Q1500350]]
| ''[[:d:Q1500350|township of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q130458414|郷]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17198545|Q17198545]]
| ''[[:d:Q17198545|township of Illinois]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17201685|Q17201685]]
| ''[[:d:Q17201685|township of Indiana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q8273042|list of Indiana townships]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17205621|Q17205621]]
| ''[[:d:Q17205621|township of Iowa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6574405|list of Iowa townships]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124310588|Q124310588]]
| ''[[:d:Q124310588|township of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q119174484|Q119174484]]
| ''[[:d:Q119174484|township of Jefferson County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6270791|township of Missouri]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17205735|Q17205735]]
| ''[[:d:Q17205735|township of Kansas]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124157082|Q124157082]]
| ''[[:d:Q124157082|township of Maine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550680|unorganized territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124157135|administrative territorial entity of Maine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1995480|minor civil division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19610511|township]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17205774|Q17205774]]
| ''[[:d:Q17205774|township of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42211429|Q42211429]]
| ''[[:d:Q42211429|township of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379829|administrative territorial entity of Minnesota]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q16918404|list of townships in Minnesota]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6270791|Q6270791]]
| ''[[:d:Q6270791|township of Missouri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379815|administrative territorial entity of Missouri]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q119148062|list of townships in Missouri]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7830262|Q7830262]]
| ''[[:d:Q7830262|township of Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3266850|commune]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64138263|Q64138263]]
| ''[[:d:Q64138263|township of Nebraska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379821|administrative territorial entity of Nebraska]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6591661|list of Nebraska townships]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17351697|Q17351697]]
| ''[[:d:Q17351697|township of New Hampshire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361640|administrative territorial entity of New Hampshire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7830213|Q7830213]]
| ''[[:d:Q7830213|township of New Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54115138|municipality of New Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6643832|Q6643832]]
| ''[[:d:Q6643832|township of North Carolina]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379818|administrative territorial entity of North Carolina]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q35025957|list of townships of North Carolina]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6643834|Q6643834]]
| ''[[:d:Q6643834|township of North Dakota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379817|administrative territorial entity of North Dakota]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q42296869|list of townships in North Dakota]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17198620|Q17198620]]
| ''[[:d:Q17198620|township of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6271199|list of townships in Ohio]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9035798|Q9035798]]
| ''[[:d:Q9035798|township of Pennsylvania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6664406|local government in Pennsylvania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1394476|civil township]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6643838|list of townships in Pennsylvania]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2367508|Q2367508]]
| ''[[:d:Q2367508|township of Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12081657|township level division of the Republic of China]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17351862|Q17351862]]
| ''[[:d:Q17351862|township of Utah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379825|administrative territorial entity of Utah]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q34842263|Q34842263]]
| ''[[:d:Q34842263|township seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697379|administrative territorial entity of Romania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15303838|sede municipal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16725943|Q16725943]]
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12809484|Q12809484]]
| ''[[:d:Q12809484|township-level division similar to townships]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16725943|township-level division of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135108966|Q135108966]]
| ''[[:d:Q135108966|traditional authority of Malawi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631058|administrative territorial entity of Malawi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q872773|traditional authority]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2962054|Q2962054]]
| ''[[:d:Q2962054|traditional chiefdom in Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1642488|chiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136261089|Q136261089]]
| ''[[:d:Q136261089|Traditional chieftaincy in the Republic of Congo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1642488|chiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q64153217|Q64153217]]
| ''[[:d:Q64153217|traditional district of Scotland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q461231|administrative territorial entity of Scotland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136956299|Q136956299]]
| ''[[:d:Q136956299|traditional province of the Basque Country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3179682|Basque historical territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41266483|Q41266483]]
| ''[[:d:Q41266483|traditional state in Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18920569|Q18920569]]
| ''[[:d:Q18920569|traditional state in Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91240|Q91240]]
| ''[[:d:Q91240|traditor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11695585|gun position]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98648976|Q98648976]]
| ''[[:d:Q98648976|training and test object of heavy fortification]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42058748|Q42058748]]
| ''[[:d:Q42058748|Training Center of the German Airforce]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q24730451|Ausbildungseinrichtungen der Luftwaffe]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131577854|Q131577854]]
| ''[[:d:Q131577854|training minefield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1778846|military training area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18407927|Q18407927]]
| ''[[:d:Q18407927|Transcaucasian Muslim Spiritual Administration]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1264690|Q1264690]]
| ''[[:d:Q1264690|transit camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1070290|prisoner-of-war camp]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2449257|Q2449257]]
| ''[[:d:Q2449257|transit country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3184003|Pays]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4897819|role]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q128180438|Q128180438]]
| ''[[:d:Q128180438|transit district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107011587|Q107011587]]
| ''[[:d:Q107011587|transitional council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2666845|municipality of South Africa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107105851|Q107105851]]
| ''[[:d:Q107105851|transitional metropolitan council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107011587|transitional council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107105862|Q107105862]]
| ''[[:d:Q107105862|transitional metropolitan substructure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107011587|transitional council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25340975|Q25340975]]
| ''[[:d:Q25340975|transitional representative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107011587|transitional council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q38102585|Q38102585]]
| ''[[:d:Q38102585|transitional type castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115791109|Q115791109]]
| ''[[:d:Q115791109|treaty society]]''
| ''[[:d:Q863284|indigenous peoples in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13473501|collective]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q835173|legal agent]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41720834|Q41720834]]
| ''[[:d:Q41720834|Trei-Scaune County]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41720204|county of the Kingdom of Romania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1429039|Q1429039]]
| ''[[:d:Q1429039|trench]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91764|military trench]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4068248|Q4068248]]
| ''[[:d:Q4068248|trench warfare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q329864|military technology]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1402346|field fortification]]''
| ''[[:d:Q207645|military tactics]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7840289|Q7840289]]
| ''[[:d:Q7840289|tribal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7210356|organisation politic]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115885364|Q115885364]]
| ''[[:d:Q115885364|Tribal town]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12885585|Native American tribe]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15127012|town in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3241965|Q3241965]]
| ''[[:d:Q3241965|tributary state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13138397|Q13138397]]
| ''[[:d:Q13138397|trimdel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85810713|Q85810713]]
| ''[[:d:Q85810713|Trinidad and Tobago Parliament constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q962760|Q962760]]
| ''[[:d:Q962760|Trinovantes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q35966|Ancient Celts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3446134|Roman client kingdoms in Britain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133311|tribo]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204501|gruppo ethnic historic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130266392|Q130266392]]
| ''[[:d:Q130266392|triple-member district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130266292|district of the House of Councillors of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q923805|Q923805]]
| ''[[:d:Q923805|trittys]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107412845|Q107412845]]
| ''[[:d:Q107412845|troop kitchen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18691599|military installation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43164|kitchen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1395938|Q1395938]]
| ''[[:d:Q1395938|truppenmannschaftsbunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3541259|Q3541259]]
| ''[[:d:Q3541259|trève]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102496|parish]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1168578|Q1168578]]
| ''[[:d:Q1168578|Tsardom of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4167410|pagina de disambiguation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7884789|toponym]]''
|
| pagina de disambiguation
|-
| [[:d:Q15094777|Q15094777]]
| ''[[:d:Q15094777|tulou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1577547|revenue house]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5327174|earth structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1498804|multifamily residential]]''<br/>[[fortification]]<br/>''[[:d:Q570116|attraction touristic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136522486|Lou building]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1452116|list of tulou buildings]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4465290|Q4465290]]
| ''[[:d:Q4465290|tuman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7688|raion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137211677|Q137211677]]
| ''[[:d:Q137211677|tuman (Bukhara Emirate)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136655294|Q136655294]]
| ''[[:d:Q136655294|tumān of Tajik ASSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4465290|tuman]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16187491|Q16187491]]
| ''[[:d:Q16187491|tunnel of aggression]]''
| [[tunnel]]<br/>''[[:d:Q26263224|international tunnel]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3100204|Q3100204]]
| ''[[:d:Q3100204|tuntian]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56395513|farming system]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q716815|settler colonialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56319105|Q56319105]]
| ''[[:d:Q56319105|turret]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17354860|Q17354860]]
| ''[[:d:Q17354860|Tuscan tower house]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10706887|Q10706887]]
| ''[[:d:Q10706887|Tvåspråkig kommun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q856076|municipality of Finland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7857594|Q7857594]]
| ''[[:d:Q7857594|Twelve Doors of Mali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10904438|Q10904438]]
| ''[[:d:Q10904438|Twelve Vassals]]''
| ''[[:d:Q836688|ancient Chinese state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q93465857|dodecad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q244793|Q244793]]
| ''[[:d:Q244793|twin cities]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21996849|Q21996849]]
| ''[[:d:Q21996849|two demes with same name]]''
| ''[[:d:Q672490|deme]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18708402|Q18708402]]
| ''[[:d:Q18708402|Twydall profile]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115249982|Q115249982]]
| ''[[:d:Q115249982|Type 22 pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115250081|Q115250081]]
| ''[[:d:Q115250081|Type 23 pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115250119|Q115250119]]
| ''[[:d:Q115250119|Type 24 pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115250131|Q115250131]]
| ''[[:d:Q115250131|Type 25 pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115250144|Q115250144]]
| ''[[:d:Q115250144|Type 26 pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115250148|Q115250148]]
| ''[[:d:Q115250148|Type 27 pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115250175|Q115250175]]
| ''[[:d:Q115250175|Type 28 pillbox]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138658912|Q138658912]]
| ''[[:d:Q138658912|Tyrrhenian duchies]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55843|Q55843]]
| ''[[:d:Q55843|término municipal]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5982983|jurisdiction]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3034648|public land]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136646206|Q136646206]]
| ''[[:d:Q136646206|Tört-Gül]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20733617|rural community of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1327995|Q1327995]]
| ''[[:d:Q1327995|törvényhatóság]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q512442|legal authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7210356|organisation politic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2463598|Q2463598]]
| ''[[:d:Q2463598|túath]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1364324|Q1364324]]
| ''[[:d:Q1364324|uezd]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18867465|Q18867465]]
| ''[[:d:Q18867465|uezd of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1364324|uezd]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q35325757|list of uezds of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136767144|Q136767144]]
| ''[[:d:Q136767144|Ugandan Parliamentary constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q368716|Q368716]]
| ''[[:d:Q368716|Ukrainian historical regions]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1508143|Q1508143]]
| ''[[:d:Q1508143|Ukrainian State]]''
| ''[[:d:Q164142|protectorate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18632459|Q18632459]]
| ''[[:d:Q18632459|ulus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60849925|municipal district in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131187819|Q131187819]]
| ''[[:d:Q131187819|ulus]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q66747521|geography term]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q80765736|historic term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110775485|Q110775485]]
| ''[[:d:Q110775485|Ulus of Cartan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131187819|ulus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20973705|Q20973705]]
| ''[[:d:Q20973705|ulus of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39268377|Q39268377]]
| ''[[:d:Q39268377|ulus of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1688297|Q1688297]]
| ''[[:d:Q1688297|Umayyad desert castles]]''
| [[castello]]<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q127904137|Q127904137]]
| ''[[:d:Q127904137|Umayyad wilaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q127904017|administrative territorial entity of the Umayyad Caliphate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60985295|Q60985295]]
| ''[[:d:Q60985295|umijiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615810|water castle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q284663|Q284663]]
| ''[[:d:Q284663|umphakatsi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1642488|chiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2715909|administrative territorial entity of Eswatini]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1686959|Q1686959]]
| ''[[:d:Q1686959|underground infrastructure system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12146012|underground structure]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10709391|Q10709391]]
| ''[[:d:Q10709391|Underhållsland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125498715|Q125498715]]
| ''[[:d:Q125498715|Undivided council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115857060|Q115857060]]
| ''[[:d:Q115857060|undivided municipality in Czechia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5153359|municipalitate del Republica Chec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q61089180|municipal part of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113125602|Q113125602]]
| ''[[:d:Q113125602|undivided part of a divided city in Czechia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3507889|administrative territorial entity of the Czech Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7884983|Q7884983]]
| ''[[:d:Q7884983|unified school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15974311|Q15974311]]
| ''[[:d:Q15974311|unincorporated area in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q269528|unincorporated area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q52994899|Q52994899]]
| ''[[:d:Q52994899|unincorporated area of Greenland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q269528|unincorporated area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q743544|administrative territorial entity of Greenland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q783733|Q783733]]
| ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48075035|Q48075035]]
| ''[[:d:Q48075035|uninominal constituency of the Italian Chamber of Deputies]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43957010|constituency of the Italian Chamber of Deputies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1052894|single-member district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48088606|Q48088606]]
| ''[[:d:Q48088606|uninominal constituency of the Senate of the Republic of Italy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61913201|constituency of the Senate of the Republic of Italy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1052894|single-member district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2592651|Q2592651]]
| ''[[:d:Q2592651|union council of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98560915|Q98560915]]
| ''[[:d:Q98560915|union free school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7886773|union school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100606393|Q100606393]]
| ''[[:d:Q100606393|Union of States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3812392|Q3812392]]
| ''[[:d:Q3812392|union council of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7886773|Q7886773]]
| ''[[:d:Q7886773|union school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q467745|Q467745]]
| ''[[:d:Q467745|union territory of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131541|states and union territories of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5214867|federal territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q106532582|territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17303255|Q17303255]]
| ''[[:d:Q17303255|union territory of Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19920968|Q19920968]]
| ''[[:d:Q19920968|unique territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110071045|Q110071045]]
| ''[[:d:Q110071045|unit of local government in Illinois]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1160920|Q1160920]]
| ''[[:d:Q1160920|unitary authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15078732|Q15078732]]
| ''[[:d:Q15078732|unitary authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1160920|unitary authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q941036|territorial authority of New Zealand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10553309|legislative house]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21561328|Q21561328]]
| ''[[:d:Q21561328|unitary authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1160920|unitary authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16690653|district council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110416322|Q110416322]]
| ''[[:d:Q110416322|unitary authority]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1160920|unitary authority]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48816691|principal council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1136601|Q1136601]]
| ''[[:d:Q1136601|unitary authority area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110415260|unitary authority area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q349084|district of England]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7245071|principal area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15974307|Q15974307]]
| ''[[:d:Q15974307|Unitary municipality in Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q262166|municipality in Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307779|integrated municipality]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125380923|Q125380923]]
| ''[[:d:Q125380923|unitary parliamentary constitutional republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22909549|unitary parliamentary republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22909549|Q22909549]]
| ''[[:d:Q22909549|unitary parliamentary republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4198907|parliamentary republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1234255|Q1234255]]
| [[Unitates regional de Grecia]]
| ''[[:d:Q1670189|administrative territorial entity of Greece]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41773366|NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3044803|Q3044803]]
| ''[[:d:Q3044803|United Departments]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6465|departimento de Francia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q648046|Q648046]]
| ''[[:d:Q648046|United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]]''
| [[ducato]]
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3752036|Q3752036]]
| ''[[:d:Q3752036|United Ireland]]''
| [[Irredemptismo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q112074700|proposed state merger]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3115110|great homeland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q900119|Q900119]]
| ''[[:d:Q900119|United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]''
| ''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q199683|list of states with limited recognition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108882066|United Nations document]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q985073|Q985073]]
| ''[[:d:Q985073|United Nations trust territory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q104177750|Liste der UN-Treuhandgebiete]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3604334|Q3604334]]
| ''[[:d:Q3604334|United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139666046|Q139666046]]
| ''[[:d:Q139666046|United States census division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5616099|census division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123615496|U.S. region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57766005|Q57766005]]
| ''[[:d:Q57766005|United States census region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137430518|Q137430518]]
| ''[[:d:Q137430518|United States Coast Guard station]]''
| ''[[:d:Q31407679|coast guard station]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6601836|list of United States Coast Guard stations]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137430469|Q137430469]]
| ''[[:d:Q137430469|United States Coast Guard station in Massachusetts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137430518|United States Coast Guard station]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17166756|Q17166756]]
| ''[[:d:Q17166756|United States congressional district]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146790|United States electoral district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q505410|congressional district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q13751836|list of United States congressional districts]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104146790|Q104146790]]
| ''[[:d:Q104146790|United States electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7892488|Q7892488]]
| ''[[:d:Q7892488|United States federal judicial district]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]<br/>''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85881832|Q85881832]]
| ''[[:d:Q85881832|United States military base in Okinawa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7890755|Q7890755]]
| ''[[:d:Q7890755|United States Military Junior College]]''
| ''[[:d:Q489983|Reserve Officers' Training Corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q189004|college]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q612741|Q612741]]
| ''[[:d:Q612741|United States National Forest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5440540|federal lands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65148973|protected area of the United States]]''<br/>[[foreste]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1286517|natural landscape]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642566|non-political administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104098715|territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104146934|Q104146934]]
| ''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104146790|United States electoral district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58425000|Q58425000]]
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146790|United States electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101500234|Q101500234]]
| ''[[:d:Q101500234|United States Senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101434824|Q101434824]]
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q101500234|United States Senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q471855|jurisdiction]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101434854|Q101434854]]
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q101500234|United States Senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q471855|jurisdiction]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101434877|Q101434877]]
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q101500234|United States Senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q471855|jurisdiction]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3445354|Q3445354]]
| ''[[:d:Q3445354|United States senior military college]]''
| ''[[:d:Q489983|Reserve Officers' Training Corps]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7893191|Q7893191]]
| ''[[:d:Q7893191|United States territory]]''
| [[Territorio]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27676424|Q27676424]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676424|united townships municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7894997|Q7894997]]
| ''[[:d:Q7894997|university constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81066200|Q81066200]]
| ''[[:d:Q81066200|unorganized area in Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3518810|unorganized area of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81063407|local administrative entity of quebec]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q3255019|list of unorganized territories in Quebec]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3518810|Q3518810]]
| ''[[:d:Q3518810|unorganized area of Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3750285|administrative territorial entity of Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q269528|unincorporated area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17344046|Q17344046]]
| ''[[:d:Q17344046|unorganized area of Ontario]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1536372|census division of Ontario]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3518810|unorganized area of Canada]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15629617|Q15629617]]
| ''[[:d:Q15629617|unorganized atoll of American Samoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2710679|administrative territorial entity of American Samoa]]''<br/>[[Atollo]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1550680|Q1550680]]
| ''[[:d:Q1550680|unorganized territory]]''
| [[divisiones politic del Statos Unite]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1503467|Q1503467]]
| ''[[:d:Q1503467|Unrechtsstaat]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7897357|Q7897357]]
| ''[[:d:Q7897357|Unreformed boroughs in England and Wales 1835–1886]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4752944|ancient borough]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135746913|Q135746913]]
| ''[[:d:Q135746913|Unterzentrum mit Teilfunktionen eines Mittelzentrums]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1432253|small regional center]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24024845|Q24024845]]
| ''[[:d:Q24024845|up of North Korea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42132|eup]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q620471|Q620471]]
| ''[[:d:Q620471|upazila of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6366219|Anexo:Upazilas de Bangladés]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1939894|Q1939894]]
| ''[[:d:Q1939894|Upper Oka Principality]]''
| [[Principato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16295254|Q16295254]]
| ''[[:d:Q16295254|upper-tier municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327899|municipality of Ontario]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10710293|Q10710293]]
| ''[[:d:Q10710293|Uppstad]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2261863|stad]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2826814|Q2826814]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826814|urban agglomeration in Québec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q688718|administrative territorial entity of Quebec]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q159313|urban agglomeration]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2342385|Q2342385]]
| ''[[:d:Q2342385|urban area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12304704|Q12304704]]
| ''[[:d:Q12304704|urban area in Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6566301|urban area in Nordic countries]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15700808|urban unit definition]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15092344|Q15092344]]
| ''[[:d:Q15092344|urban area in Norway]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6566301|urban area in Nordic countries]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15700808|urban unit definition]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1382269|Q1382269]]
| ''[[:d:Q1382269|urban castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3327862|Q3327862]]
| ''[[:d:Q3327862|urban commune of Morocco]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2989400|commune of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q423790|Q423790]]
| ''[[:d:Q423790|urban community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18706073|public institution of intermunicipal cooperation with own taxation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244038|public establishment of an administrative nature]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56427813|type of legal entity in France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q33101426|Q33101426]]
| ''[[:d:Q33101426|urban council in Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140930152|Q140930152]]
| ''[[:d:Q140930152|Urban County Executive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13415368|county of Virginia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18334257|Q18334257]]
| ''[[:d:Q18334257|urban county of the German Democratic Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55292|administrative territorial entity of the German Democratic Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15642599|Q15642599]]
| ''[[:d:Q15642599|urban district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5034569|Q5034569]]
| ''[[:d:Q5034569|urban district (china)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1289426|county of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105523003|Q105523003]]
| ''[[:d:Q105523003|urban district council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16690653|district council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61708099|Q61708099]]
| ''[[:d:Q61708099|urban district in Saxony]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61856863|Q61856863]]
| ''[[:d:Q61856863|urban district in Schleswig-Holstein]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99880596|Q99880596]]
| ''[[:d:Q99880596|urban district of Angola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976645|administrative territorial entity of Angola]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85631896|Q85631896]]
| ''[[:d:Q85631896|urban district of Bavaria]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85635638|Q85635638]]
| ''[[:d:Q85635638|urban district of Bremen]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131997733|Q131997733]]
| ''[[:d:Q131997733|urban district of Frankfurt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q16511148|Liste der Stadtbezirke von Frankfurt am Main]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q374614|Q374614]]
| ''[[:d:Q374614|urban district of Great Britain and Ireland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85636199|Q85636199]]
| ''[[:d:Q85636199|urban district of Hamburg]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61980648|Q61980648]]
| ''[[:d:Q61980648|urban district of Hesse]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q779426|Q779426]]
| ''[[:d:Q779426|urban district of Hungary]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13218690|town in Hungary]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15726223|administrative territorial entity of the Kingdom of Hungary]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q1248350|Rendezett tanácsú városok listája]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85635929|Q85635929]]
| ''[[:d:Q85635929|urban district of Lower Saxony]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85635301|Q85635301]]
| ''[[:d:Q85635301|urban district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q85632032|Q85632032]]
| ''[[:d:Q85632032|urban district of Rhineland-Palatinate]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7900115|Q7900115]]
| ''[[:d:Q7900115|urban district of Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2779745|Q2779745]]
| ''[[:d:Q2779745|urban district of the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5195043|borough]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042137|administrative divisions of the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61747322|Q61747322]]
| ''[[:d:Q61747322|urban district of Thuringia]]''
| [[Citate-districto]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6644510|Q6644510]]
| ''[[:d:Q6644510|urban district of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65165488|đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện tại Việt Nam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137325575|former subdivisions of Vietnam]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q137212017|list of urban districts of Vietnam]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7899896|Q7899896]]
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1789452|criterion]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25412770|Q25412770]]
| ''[[:d:Q25412770|urban entity in Chile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28517279|population entity in Chile]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12015578|Q12015578]]
| ''[[:d:Q12015578|urban municipality in Sweden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''<br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13626398|Q13626398]]
| ''[[:d:Q13626398|urban okrug in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15642599|urban district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140395766|Q140395766]]
| ''[[:d:Q140395766|urban parish of Venezuela]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6063801|parish of Venezuela]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91733160|Q91733160]]
| ''[[:d:Q91733160|urban settlement in Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91730648|urban-type settlement in Belarus]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2661988|Q2661988]]
| ''[[:d:Q2661988|urban settlement in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1849719|municipal formation in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124250988|urban settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139893101|Q139893101]]
| ''[[:d:Q139893101|urban sub-area of Ottawa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28203007|administrative sector]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7900181|Q7900181]]
| ''[[:d:Q7900181|urban township of Michigan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7900180|urban township of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4683534|administrative territorial entity of Michigan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15063142|Q15063142]]
| ''[[:d:Q15063142|urban township of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7900180|urban township of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q42211429|township of Minnesota]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7900183|Q7900183]]
| ''[[:d:Q7900183|urban township of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7900180|urban township of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12039044|Q12039044]]
| ''[[:d:Q12039044|urban township of Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12081657|township level division of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2367508|township of Taiwan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7900180|Q7900180]]
| ''[[:d:Q7900180|urban township of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327870|municipality in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28111|township in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7900185|Q7900185]]
| ''[[:d:Q7900185|Urban village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13100073|village of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12082384|Q12082384]]
| ''[[:d:Q12082384|urban village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7930614|village of Taiwan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q93736796|Q93736796]]
| ''[[:d:Q93736796|urban village]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930614|village of Taiwan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21011129|Q21011129]]
| ''[[:d:Q21011129|urban zone of Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1019982|subdivision of Rome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3491915|Q3491915]]
| ''[[:d:Q3491915|urban-rural municipality of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15334|gmina]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2989457|Q2989457]]
| ''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124250988|urban settlement]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2514025|posyolok]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4436080|city with a population of more than 10,000 inhabitants in Russia]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27587491|Q27587491]]
| ''[[:d:Q27587491|urban-type settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15078955|urban-type settlement in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4374394|Q4374394]]
| ''[[:d:Q4374394|urban-type settlement in Azerbaijan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137413|administrative territorial entity of Azerbaijan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91730648|Q91730648]]
| ''[[:d:Q91730648|urban-type settlement in Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q2599457|list of urban-type settlements in Belarus]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15078955|Q15078955]]
| ''[[:d:Q15078955|urban-type settlement in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4374398|Q4374398]]
| ''[[:d:Q4374398|urban-type settlement in Uzbekistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7631083|administrative territorial entity of Uzbekistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124090914|Q124090914]]
| ''[[:d:Q124090914|Urbanisation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1342205|administrative territorial entity of Peru]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11480695|Q11480695]]
| ''[[:d:Q11480695|urbanization control area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11480694|Q11480694]]
| ''[[:d:Q11480694|urbanization promotion area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11643682|city planning area of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16142566|city planning (Japan)]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q116691874|area classification (Japan)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1607851|Q1607851]]
| ''[[:d:Q1607851|urbs]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q676077|Q676077]]
| ''[[:d:Q676077|Urkanton]]''
| [[cantones de Switza]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121734459|Q121734459]]
| ''[[:d:Q121734459|US Amphibious Training Base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106611506|Q106611506]]
| ''[[:d:Q106611506|US Naval Advance Bases]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
| ''[[:d:Q245016|military base]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q121494509|Q121494509]]
| ''[[:d:Q121494509|US Naval Bases North Africa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1324633|naval base]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q30921518|Q30921518]]
| ''[[:d:Q30921518|use districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498953|Q101498953]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498953|Utah Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499079|Q101499079]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499079|Utah Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22681722|Q22681722]]
| ''[[:d:Q22681722|utility district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q231838|special district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11449830|Q11449830]]
| ''[[:d:Q11449830|Utsunomiya metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770082|Q65770082]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770082|uyezd of RSFSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15733039|governorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18867064|Q18867064]]
| ''[[:d:Q18867064|uyezd of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1364324|uezd]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12225020|Q12225020]]
| ''[[:d:Q12225020|uzlah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25212586|Q25212586]]
| ''[[:d:Q25212586|Užhorod electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12378030|Q12378030]]
| ''[[:d:Q12378030|Vakus]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11940652|Q11940652]]
| ''[[:d:Q11940652|Valencian pedania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15725677|pedanía]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12378104|Q12378104]]
| ''[[:d:Q12378104|Valga magistrat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27924600|Magistrat]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135898845|Q135898845]]
| ''[[:d:Q135898845|Valle histórico de Navarra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q135898820|entidad territorial administrativa del Reino de Navarra]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1238883|Q1238883]]
| ''[[:d:Q1238883|Valley community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2824645|divisiones administrative de Italia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12139612|list]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10713292|Q10713292]]
| ''[[:d:Q10713292|vasaslott]]''
| ''[[:d:Q751876|château]]''<br/>[[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2560551|Q2560551]]
| ''[[:d:Q2560551|vassal and tributary state of the Ottoman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18623996|Q18623996]]
| ''[[:d:Q18623996|vassal castle]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1371288|Q1371288]]
| ''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1151405|client state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17198551|Q17198551]]
| ''[[:d:Q17198551|Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1371288|vassal state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3773924|Q3773924]]
| ''[[:d:Q3773924|Vauban fortifications]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057999|fortification system]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3555123|Q3555123]]
| ''[[:d:Q3555123|vavasory]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122999280|Q122999280]]
| ''[[:d:Q122999280|vector control district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q697390|Q697390]]
| ''[[:d:Q697390|vegueria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11954413|Q11954413]]
| ''[[:d:Q11954413|Vegueria d'Urgell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130261740|veguería histórica]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130261740|Q130261740]]
| ''[[:d:Q130261740|veguería histórica]]''
| ''[[:d:Q697390|vegueria]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2035651|Q2035651]]
| ''[[:d:Q2035651|safety region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2614852|Wet gemeenschappelijke regelingen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112567227|Q112567227]]
| ''[[:d:Q112567227|Velayat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41664453|administrative territorial entity of the Safavid Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106849528|Q106849528]]
| ''[[:d:Q106849528|velkostatek]]''
| ''[[:d:Q451019|gutsbezirk]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133313713|Q133313713]]
| ''[[:d:Q133313713|Vendiska hansastäderna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q707813|citate hanseatic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23006|Q23006]]
| ''[[:d:Q23006|Verbandsgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99673591|Q99673591]]
| ''[[:d:Q99673591|Verbandsgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q837766|local authority]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2513995|Q2513995]]
| ''[[:d:Q2513995|Verbandsgemeinde in Rhineland-Palatinate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23006|Verbandsgemeinde]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2513989|Q2513989]]
| ''[[:d:Q2513989|Verbandsgemeinde in Sachsen-Anhalt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q23006|Verbandsgemeinde]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135447139|Q135447139]]
| ''[[:d:Q135447139|Verbrecherstaat]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138768805|Q138768805]]
| ''[[:d:Q138768805|Vere Nullius de San Ildefonso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q163740|nonprofit organization]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106833943|Q106833943]]
| ''[[:d:Q106833943|vereda]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q61763780|administrative territorial entity of Aragon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101435082|Q101435082]]
| ''[[:d:Q101435082|Vermont Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499003|Q101499003]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499003|Vermont Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7921817|Q7921817]]
| ''[[:d:Q7921817|Vermont municipality]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2154459|New England town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4107558|Q4107558]]
| ''[[:d:Q4107558|verv]]''
| ''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116855171|Q116855171]]
| ''[[:d:Q116855171|Vervoerregio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q124964|coalition]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q42692874|Q42692874]]
| ''[[:d:Q42692874|Verwaltungsbezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q264441|Bezirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20740481|Q20740481]]
| ''[[:d:Q20740481|Verwaltungseinheit des Ukrainischen Staats]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15623456|administrative territorial entity of a defunct state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1797673|Q1797673]]
| ''[[:d:Q1797673|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Flechtinger Höhenzug]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1500932|administrative community of Saxony-Anhalt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14455864|Q14455864]]
| ''[[:d:Q14455864|administrative community of Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q251987|municipal association]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1500932|Q1500932]]
| ''[[:d:Q1500932|administrative community of Saxony-Anhalt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q251987|municipal association]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q251987|municipal association]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2520755|Q2520755]]
| ''[[:d:Q2520755|Verwaltungsverband of Saxony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15630827|LAU 1 of Germany]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13405470|Gemeindeverband]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15734684|Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6501447|local government]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2352505|Q2352505]]
| ''[[:d:Q2352505|Verwantschapslanden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1561636|Q1561636]]
| ''[[:d:Q1561636|Vest]]''
| ''[[:d:Q385501|Gogericht]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q253836|judicial district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2521282|Q2521282]]
| ''[[:d:Q2521282|Veterinäramt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q478847|Amt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134721473|Q134721473]]
| ''[[:d:Q134721473|via Giuseppe Bovara]]''
| [[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q79007|street]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12778511|Q12778511]]
| ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2383962|Q2383962]]
| ''[[:d:Q2383962|vicariate (Eastern Orthodoxy)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q94670589|Christian organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q620225|Q620225]]
| ''[[:d:Q620225|apostolic vicariate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12778511|vicariate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1492823|ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q118905629|type of Roman Catholic institution]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111737478|Catholic ecclesiastical district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17197366|type of organization]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109612325|Q109612325]]
| ''[[:d:Q109612325|vice-province]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12356456|Q12356456]]
| ''[[:d:Q12356456|viceroyalty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4312761|Q4312761]]
| ''[[:d:Q4312761|viceroyalty of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q4434983|list of viceroyalties of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20203507|Q20203507]]
| ''[[:d:Q20203507|viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12356456|viceroyalty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17147964|administrative territorial entity of the Spanish Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q66605800|Q66605800]]
| ''[[:d:Q66605800|Vicos community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q66605792|Peasant communities from Peru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63868478|Q63868478]]
| ''[[:d:Q63868478|Victorian Legislative Council electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11495981|Q11495981]]
| ''[[:d:Q11495981|victorious country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18560095|winner]]''<br/>[[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q763590|Q763590]]
| ''[[:d:Q763590|vicus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2202509|Roman city]]''
| ''[[:d:Q159313|urban agglomeration]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98651954|Q98651954]]
| ''[[:d:Q98651954|Viertelsgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10779475|Q10779475]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779475|Vietnam's economic zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12433056|Q12433056]]
| ''[[:d:Q12433056|vigilarium]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12433046|Roman military frontiers and fortifications]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17108217|Q17108217]]
| ''[[:d:Q17108217|viguerie]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q471855|jurisdiction]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q586552|Q586552]]
| ''[[:d:Q586552|Viking ring fortress]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1785071|fort]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q839954|sito archeologic]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559177|Q3559177]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559177|Vilafranca]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1462047|Q1462047]]
| ''[[:d:Q1462047|vilayet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1993723|administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136655001|Q136655001]]
| ''[[:d:Q136655001|vilayet of Tajik ASSR]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7930254|Q7930254]]
| ''[[:d:Q7930254|vill]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7930708|Q7930708]]
| ''[[:d:Q7930708|village council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6936404|municipality of the State of Palestine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31749783|Q31749783]]
| ''[[:d:Q31749783|selsoviet]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7930640|Q7930640]]
| ''[[:d:Q7930640|village development committee of India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104406913|Q104406913]]
| ''[[:d:Q104406913|village fortifications]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6644696|Q6644696]]
| ''[[:d:Q6644696|village in Alberta]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123433484|municipality in Alberta]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17457753|census subdivision in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123432749|list of villages in Alberta]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28328984|Q28328984]]
| ''[[:d:Q28328984|village in Armenia]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3685430|municipality of Armenia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65661087|Q65661087]]
| ''[[:d:Q65661087|village in Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q111974103|populated place in Belarus]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125366925|Q125366925]]
| ''[[:d:Q125366925|village in Egypt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15044339|administrative territorial entity of Egypt]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q47254761|Q47254761]]
| ''[[:d:Q47254761|village in Finland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56436498|Q56436498]]
| ''[[:d:Q56436498|village in India]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q125855456|statistical territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23828031|Q23828031]]
| ''[[:d:Q23828031|village in Jordan]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15644813|administrative territorial entity of Jordan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22580836|Q22580836]]
| ''[[:d:Q22580836|village in Latvia]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q109779065|human settlement in Latvia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q67927652|Q67927652]]
| ''[[:d:Q67927652|village in Malaysia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623253|administrative territorial entity of Malaysia]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q9017117|kampong]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60913568|Q60913568]]
| ''[[:d:Q60913568|village in Russia]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2578772|Classification of inhabited localities in Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6644778|Q6644778]]
| ''[[:d:Q6644778|village in Saskatchewan]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q17110751|municipality in Saskatchewan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3788231|municipal government in Canada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23827730|Q23827730]]
| ''[[:d:Q23827730|village in Sudan]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7631073|administrative territorial entity of Sudan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q27676420|Q27676420]]
| ''[[:d:Q27676420|village municipality of Quebec]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3327873|local municipality of Quebec]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48731335|Q48731335]]
| ''[[:d:Q48731335|village of Brunei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976636|administrative territorial entity of Brunei]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q9017117|kampong]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15630849|Q15630849]]
| ''[[:d:Q15630849|village of Bulgaria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q95993392|populated place of Bulgaria]]''<br/>[[village]]
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23012917|Q23012917]]
| ''[[:d:Q23012917|village of Burkina Faso]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q62251453|Q62251453]]
| ''[[:d:Q62251453|village of Cambodia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50201|entitate territorial administrative de Cambodgia]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126723715|Q126723715]]
| ''[[:d:Q126723715|village of Cameroon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3360771|administrative territorial entity of Cameroon]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q41501164|Q41501164]]
| ''[[:d:Q41501164|village of Crimea]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q21672098|village of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134988683|Q134988683]]
| ''[[:d:Q134988683|village of Delaware]]''
| ''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134988686|administrative territorial entity of Delaware]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q96857311|Q96857311]]
| ''[[:d:Q96857311|village of Guam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110071217|Q110071217]]
| ''[[:d:Q110071217|village of Illinois]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110071154|municipality of Illinois]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4174776|Q4174776]]
| ''[[:d:Q4174776|village of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q117351913|city, town or village of Japan]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41911880|list of villages in Japan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130212458|Q130212458]]
| ''[[:d:Q130212458|village of Kazakhstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q771444|aul]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6644759|Q6644759]]
| ''[[:d:Q6644759|village of New Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3111821|community of New Brunswick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7930612|Q7930612]]
| ''[[:d:Q7930612|village of New Jersey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q54115138|municipality of New Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55237813|Q55237813]]
| ''[[:d:Q55237813|village of New York]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47682|administrative territorial entity of New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19884342|Q19884342]]
| ''[[:d:Q19884342|village of North Macedonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3395432|administrative territorial entity of North Macedonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10354598|rural settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108569739|Q108569739]]
| ''[[:d:Q108569739|village of Ohio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q108569731|municipality of Ohio]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q6644767|list of villages in Ohio]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3558970|Q3558970]]
| ''[[:d:Q3558970|village of Poland]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3558954|Q3558954]]
| ''[[:d:Q3558954|village of Rwanda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976643|administrative territorial entity of Rwanda]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559024|Q3559024]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559024|village of Senegal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3502496|administrative territorial entity of Senegal]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7930614|Q7930614]]
| ''[[:d:Q7930614|village of Taiwan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q49271840|Village-level division of Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q69935538|Q69935538]]
| ''[[:d:Q69935538|village of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q69936911|county of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13100073|Q13100073]]
| ''[[:d:Q13100073|village of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10930275|grassroots mass autonomous organization]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q16480895|hamlet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140878216|Q140878216]]
| ''[[:d:Q140878216|village of Turkmenistan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3257686|localitate]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q842412|entitate territorial administrative de Turkmenistan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21672098|Q21672098]]
| ''[[:d:Q21672098|village of Ukraine]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q12051488|populated place in Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132152110|Q132152110]]
| ''[[:d:Q132152110|village of West Virginia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17361443|administrative territorial entity of a state of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15221242|Q15221242]]
| ''[[:d:Q15221242|village of Wisconsin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7225124|administrative territorial entity of Wisconsin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q751708|village in the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28371991|Q28371991]]
| ''[[:d:Q28371991|village of Yemen]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22212874|Q22212874]]
| ''[[:d:Q22212874|village tract]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q378636|Q378636]]
| ''[[:d:Q378636|village with a church]]''
| [[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q914262|administrative territorial entity of Sweden]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q49271840|Q49271840]]
| ''[[:d:Q49271840|Village-level division of Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''<br/>[[village]]<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23828039|Q23828039]]
| ''[[:d:Q23828039|village/town/city in Lebanon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631056|administrative territorial entity of Lebanon]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12323657|Q12323657]]
| ''[[:d:Q12323657|villages of Denmark]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976655|administrative territorial entity of Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22214160|Q22214160]]
| ''[[:d:Q22214160|Villages of Myanmar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q877127|administrative territorial entity of Republic of the Union of Myanmar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15640612|fifth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3559100|Q3559100]]
| ''[[:d:Q3559100|Ville aux Cent Clochers]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16133394|Q16133394]]
| ''[[:d:Q16133394|ville fortifiée de l'époque de Joshua Bin Nun]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q249052|Q249052]]
| ''[[:d:Q249052|Ville hajdú]]''
| ''[[:d:Q620509|military town]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17640484|Q17640484]]
| ''[[:d:Q17640484|ville moyenne]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q714737|categoria]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11901318|Q11901318]]
| ''[[:d:Q11901318|vinařské oblasti Rakouska]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2140699|wine-producing region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1923855|Q1923855]]
| ''[[:d:Q1923855|vingtaine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15980675|administrative territorial entity of Jersey]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498883|Q101498883]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498883|Virginia Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498993|Q101498993]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498993|Virginia Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65951314|Q65951314]]
| ''[[:d:Q65951314|Virginia House of Delegates district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7934457|Q7934457]]
| ''[[:d:Q7934457|Virginia Planning District Commissions]]''
| ''[[:d:Q107358701|planning district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q95121499|Q95121499]]
| ''[[:d:Q95121499|Virginia Senate district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20108829|Q20108829]]
| ''[[:d:Q20108829|Viscount of San Antonio de Noble Valley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3556994|Q3556994]]
| ''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2886849|Q2886849]]
| ''[[:d:Q2886849|viscountcy of Palacios de la Valduerna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58683277|vizcondado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2554364|nobility of Spain]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4244796|Q4244796]]
| ''[[:d:Q4244796|viscounty of Couserans]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58701851|Q58701851]]
| ''[[:d:Q58701851|Viscounty of Narbonne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1550557|manorialism]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97368015|Q97368015]]
| ''[[:d:Q97368015|Viscounty of Vesoul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11954904|Q11954904]]
| ''[[:d:Q11954904|Visigothic foederati]]''
| ''[[:d:Q129224|foederati]]''<br/>[[Visigothos|Visigotes]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6647173|Q6647173]]
| ''[[:d:Q6647173|Visoko during the Middle Ages]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97940813|Q97940813]]
| ''[[:d:Q97940813|Vitztum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q399445|amt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58683277|Q58683277]]
| ''[[:d:Q58683277|vizcondado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3268571|administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q55640900|list of viscounts in the peerage of Spain]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132603034|Q132603034]]
| ''[[:d:Q132603034|Vizcondado de Torija]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58683277|vizcondado]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3556994|viscountcy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q355567|noble title]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97940808|Q97940808]]
| ''[[:d:Q97940808|Viztum von Burg Lengenfeld]]''
| ''[[:d:Q97940813|Vitztum]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4164871|function]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1936115|Q1936115]]
| ''[[:d:Q1936115|VOC-gemeente]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2039348|municipality of the Netherlands]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q81268680|Q81268680]]
| ''[[:d:Q81268680|vocational school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25495570|Q25495570]]
| ''[[:d:Q25495570|Vogtei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98543318|Q98543318]]
| ''[[:d:Q98543318|Vogtei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1220959|building of public administration]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5639312|Q5639312]]
| [[voivodato]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q150093|Q150093]]
| [[Voivodatos de Polonia|voivodato de Polonia]]
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>[[voivodato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20719690|NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
| division administrative de secunde nivello in Polonia
|-
| [[:d:Q17297663|Q17297663]]
| ''[[:d:Q17297663|voivodeship of the Duchy of Livonia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17297664|administrative territorial entity of the Duchy of Livonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q84582639|former voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19698023|Q19698023]]
| ''[[:d:Q19698023|voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4057706|administrative territorial entity of the Great Duchy of Lithuania]]''<br/>[[voivodato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q687121|Q687121]]
| ''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20867225|Q20867225]]
| ''[[:d:Q20867225|volost of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20732405|Q20732405]]
| ''[[:d:Q20732405|volost of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21073970|Q21073970]]
| ''[[:d:Q21073970|volost of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28706608|Q28706608]]
| ''[[:d:Q28706608|Volost of Ukrainian People's Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6513371|Q6513371]]
| ''[[:d:Q6513371|Volynskaya tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91165|keep]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q687312|Q687312]]
| ''[[:d:Q687312|Vorort]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188509|suburb]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q691960|satellite city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18088094|Q18088094]]
| ''[[:d:Q18088094|vrije heerlijkheid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q196068|lordship]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2445080|Q2445080]]
| ''[[:d:Q2445080|vrije rijkssteden in de Nederlanden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q57318|free imperial city]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13090947|Q13090947]]
| ''[[:d:Q13090947|Vrm (župa)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1626455|parroquia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15893266|former entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1862230|Q1862230]]
| ''[[:d:Q1862230|Vroedschap]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10670389|Q10670389]]
| ''[[:d:Q10670389|vuovdecearru]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15489797|sameby]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10717920|Q10717920]]
| ''[[:d:Q10717920|Västergötlands bon]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11696869|Q11696869]]
| ''[[:d:Q11696869|vénda]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q124856371|Organización territorial de las Islas Pitiusas]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12379146|Q12379146]]
| ''[[:d:Q12379146|Võru magistrat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1752346|assembly]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27924600|Magistrat]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q92409|Q92409]]
| ''[[:d:Q92409|wagon fort]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112109773|Q112109773]]
| ''[[:d:Q112109773|Wahllandesteil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12340483|constituency in Denmark]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131521974|Q131521974]]
| ''[[:d:Q131521974|Wahova Tehsil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q817477|tehsil]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q94466783|Q94466783]]
| ''[[:d:Q94466783|waka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2541436|Q2541436]]
| ''[[:d:Q2541436|Waldemartor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2542642|Q2542642]]
| ''[[:d:Q2542642|Wallburgen der Latènezeit in Westfalen-Lippe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q744099|hillfort]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120378840|Q120378840]]
| ''[[:d:Q120378840|war-devastated country]]''
| [[pais]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1195098|Q1195098]]
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q48907157|section of populated place]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3409269|statistical unit]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7968930|Q7968930]]
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q73270412|Q73270412]]
| ''[[:d:Q73270412|Ward (Indien)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15619375|Q15619375]]
| ''[[:d:Q15619375|ward of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1374845|Q1374845]]
| ''[[:d:Q1374845|ward of Ethiopia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q68979886|Q68979886]]
| ''[[:d:Q68979886|ward of Girona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1761572|barrio]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15642599|urban district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11917457|subdivisions of Catalonia]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7777133|Q7777133]]
| ''[[:d:Q7777133|ward of Houston]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137773|Q137773]]
| ''[[:d:Q137773|ward of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q35798|executive branch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q22909701|Q22909701]]
| ''[[:d:Q22909701|ward of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q270496|administrative territorial entity of Pakistan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1530705|Q1530705]]
| ''[[:d:Q1530705|ward of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[village]]
|
| ''[[:d:Q17008756|list of village development committees of Nepal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7969213|Q7969213]]
| ''[[:d:Q7969213|ward of New Orleans]]''
| ''[[:d:Q120836744|municipal legislative district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687176|type of administrative division of one U.S. state]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60169073|Q60169073]]
| ''[[:d:Q60169073|ward of Nigeria]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3330995|administrative territorial entity of Nigeria]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126020951|Q126020951]]
| ''[[:d:Q126020951|ward of Papua New Guinea]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3098609|administrative territorial entity of Papua New Guinea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q31055530|Q31055530]]
| ''[[:d:Q31055530|ward of Sri Lanka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15313532|administrative territorial entity of Sri Lanka]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14757767|fourth-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18691601|Q18691601]]
| ''[[:d:Q18691601|ward of Tanzania]]''
| ''[[:d:Q867371|administrative territorial entity of Tanzania]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727939|Q59727939]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727939|ward of the Aba South legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727940|Q59727940]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727940|ward of the Abeokuta South legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727943|Q59727943]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727943|ward of the Abua/Odual legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727946|Q59727946]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727946|Ward of the Abuja Municipal (AMAC) legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727947|Q59727947]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727947|ward of the Ado Ekiti legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727948|Q59727948]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727948|ward of the Ado-Odo/Ota legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727955|Q59727955]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727955|ward of the Aguata legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727956|Q59727956]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727956|ward of the Ajeromi-Ifelodun legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727972|Q59727972]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727972|ward of the Akko legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727973|Q59727973]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727973|ward of the Akoko-Edo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727974|Q59727974]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727974|ward of the Akpabuyo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727976|Q59727976]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727976|ward of the Akure South legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727978|Q59727978]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727978|ward of the Alimosho legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727980|Q59727980]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727980|ward of the Alkaleri legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727982|Q59727982]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727982|ward of the Amuwo-Odofin legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727984|Q59727984]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727984|ward of the Anaocha legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59727985|Q59727985]]
| ''[[:d:Q59727985|ward of the Ankpa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728002|Q59728002]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728002|ward of the Bama legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728004|Q59728004]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728004|ward of the Bauchi legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728005|Q59728005]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728005|ward of the Bichi legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728008|Q59728008]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728008|ward of the Birnin Kebbi legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728009|Q59728009]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728009|ward of the Birnin Kudu legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728011|Q59728011]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728011|ward of the Birnin-Gwari legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573517|Q57573517]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573517|ward of the Buffalo City Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728015|Q59728015]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728015|ward of the Bungudu legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728018|Q59728018]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728018|ward of the Chikun legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573391|Q57573391]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573391|ward of the City of Cape Town Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573552|Q57573552]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573552|ward of the City of Johannesburg Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7969215|Q7969215]]
| ''[[:d:Q7969215|ward of the City of London]]''
| ''[[:d:Q589282|ward or electoral division of the United Kingdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573553|Q57573553]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573553|ward of the City of Tshwane Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728020|Q59728020]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728020|ward of the Dala legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728033|Q59728033]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728033|ward of the Dekina legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728036|Q59728036]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728036|ward of the Dutse legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728037|Q59728037]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728037|ward of the Egbeda legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728039|Q59728039]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728039|ward of the Egor legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728043|Q59728043]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728043|ward of the Ekeremor legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573565|Q57573565]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573565|ward of the Ekurhuleni Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573559|Q57573559]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573559|ward of the Emalahleni Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573564|Q57573564]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573564|ward of the Emfuleni Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728044|Q59728044]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728044|ward of the Enugu East legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573554|Q57573554]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573554|ward of the eThekwini Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728046|Q59728046]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728046|ward of the Eti-Osa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728049|Q59728049]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728049|ward of the Fune legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728051|Q59728051]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728051|ward of the Gamawa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728066|Q59728066]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728066|ward of the Ganjuwa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728068|Q59728068]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728068|ward of the Gboko legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728070|Q59728070]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728070|ward of the Gezawa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728072|Q59728072]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728072|ward of the Giwa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728074|Q59728074]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728074|ward of the Gombe legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728077|Q59728077]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728077|ward of the Gusau legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728079|Q59728079]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728079|ward of the Gwale legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728081|Q59728081]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728081|ward of the Gwaram legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728082|Q59728082]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728082|ward of the Gwoza legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728097|Q59728097]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728097|ward of the Ibadan Central [Ibadan North East] legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728099|Q59728099]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728099|ward of the Ibadan North legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728101|Q59728101]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728101|ward of the Ibadan South East legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728104|Q59728104]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728104|Ward of the Ibadan South West legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728106|Q59728106]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728106|ward of the Idemili North legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728110|Q59728110]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728110|ward of the Ifako-Ijaye legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728112|Q59728112]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728112|ward of the Ifo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728114|Q59728114]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728114|ward of the Igabi legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728117|Q59728117]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728117|ward of the Igbo-Eze North legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728132|Q59728132]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728132|ward of the Ihiala legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728134|Q59728134]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728134|ward of the Ijebu North legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728135|Q59728135]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728135|ward of the Ikeja legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728137|Q59728137]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728137|ward of the Ikorodu legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728139|Q59728139]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728139|ward of the Ikpoba-Okha legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728141|Q59728141]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728141|ward of the Ilaje legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728146|Q59728146]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728146|ward of the Ilorin West legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728148|Q59728148]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728148|ward of the Iseyin legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728149|Q59728149]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728149|ward of the Jema'A legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728159|Q59728159]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728159|ward of the Jos North legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728162|Q59728162]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728162|ward of the Jos South legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728164|Q59728164]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728164|ward of the Kachia legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728165|Q59728165]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728165|ward of the Kaduna North legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728168|Q59728168]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728168|ward of the Kaduna South legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728169|Q59728169]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728169|ward of the Kafin Hausa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728173|Q59728173]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728173|ward of the Kano Municipal legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728175|Q59728175]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728175|ward of the Katagum legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728176|Q59728176]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728176|ward of the Katsina legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728191|Q59728191]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728191|ward of the Kaura Namoda legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728194|Q59728194]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728194|ward of the Khana legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728197|Q59728197]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728197|ward of the Kiru legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728199|Q59728199]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728199|ward of the Kosofe legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728200|Q59728200]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728200|ward of the Kubau legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728202|Q59728202]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728202|ward of the Kumbotso legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728207|Q59728207]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728207|ward of the Lafia legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728209|Q59728209]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728209|ward of the Lagos Mainland legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60169073|ward of Nigeria]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728210|Q59728210]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728210|ward of the Lere legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728224|Q59728224]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728224|ward of the Maiduguri legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728226|Q59728226]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728226|ward of the Makurdi legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573567|Q57573567]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573567|ward of the Mangaung Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728229|Q59728229]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728229|ward of the Mangu legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728232|Q59728232]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728232|ward of the Maru legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573550|Q57573550]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573550|ward of the Matjhabeng Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728233|Q59728233]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728233|ward of the Misau legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573563|Q57573563]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573563|ward of the Mogale City Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728234|Q59728234]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728234|ward of the Mushin legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728239|Q59728239]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728239|ward of the Nasarawa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573549|Q57573549]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573549|ward of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573557|Q57573557]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573557|ward of the Newcastle Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728241|Q59728241]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728241|ward of the Ningi legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728244|Q59728244]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728244|ward of the Nsukka legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728256|Q59728256]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728256|ward of the Obia/Akpor legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728260|Q59728260]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728260|ward of the Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728262|Q59728262]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728262|ward of the Ojo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728265|Q59728265]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728265|ward of the Okene legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728267|Q59728267]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728267|ward of the Ona-Ara legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728270|Q59728270]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728270|ward of the Ondo West legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728271|Q59728271]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728271|ward of the Oredo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728274|Q59728274]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728274|ward of the Oshodi-Isolo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728278|Q59728278]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728278|ward of the Oturkpo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728291|Q59728291]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728291|ward of the Port-Harcourt legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728292|Q59728292]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728292|ward of the Sabon-Gari legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728294|Q59728294]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728294|ward of the Saki West legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728297|Q59728297]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728297|ward of the Shagamu legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728300|Q59728300]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728300|ward of the Shomolu legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728302|Q59728302]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728302|ward of the Soba legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728304|Q59728304]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728304|ward of the Southern Ijaw legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728305|Q59728305]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728305|ward of the Sumaila legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728306|Q59728306]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728306|ward of the Surulere legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573556|Q57573556]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573556|ward of the The Msunduzi Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728320|Q59728320]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728320|ward of the Toro legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728322|Q59728322]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728322|ward of the Tsafe legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728325|Q59728325]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728325|ward of the Ughelli North legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q57573558|Q57573558]]
| ''[[:d:Q57573558|ward of the uMhlathuze Municipal Council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7968930|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728326|Q59728326]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728326|ward of the Ungogo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728331|Q59728331]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728331|ward of the Uyo legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
| ''[[:d:Q60169073|ward of Nigeria]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728334|Q59728334]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728334|ward of the Warri South legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728336|Q59728336]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728336|ward of the Wasagu/Danko legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728337|Q59728337]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728337|ward of the Yamaltu/Deba legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728338|Q59728338]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728338|ward of the Yenegoa legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728351|Q59728351]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728351|ward of the Zangon-Kataf legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728354|Q59728354]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728354|ward of the Zaria legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q59728356|Q59728356]]
| ''[[:d:Q59728356|ward of the Zurmi legislative council]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3079022|Q3079022]]
| ''[[:d:Q3079022|ward of Turku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q646728|administrative territorial entity of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q687188|Q687188]]
| ''[[:d:Q687188|ward of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5153984|commune-level subdivision of Vietnam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130257627|Q130257627]]
| ''[[:d:Q130257627|ward of Washington, D.C.]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63241909|Q63241909]]
| ''[[:d:Q63241909|ward of Zambia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q650605|administrative territorial entity of Zambia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56477551|Q56477551]]
| ''[[:d:Q56477551|ward or electoral division of Australia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782198|administrative territorial entity of Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q589282|Q589282]]
| ''[[:d:Q589282|ward or electoral division of the United Kingdom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q717478|administrative territorial entity of the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2064521|constituency in the United Kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104835040|Q104835040]]
| ''[[:d:Q104835040|Wards and Electoral divisions of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1195098|ward]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9371075|Q9371075]]
| ''[[:d:Q9371075|Warownia]]''
| [[fortalessa]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498955|Q101498955]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498955|Washington Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499081|Q101499081]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499081|Washington Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7972581|Q7972581]]
| ''[[:d:Q7972581|Washington state legislative districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q58271381|Q58271381]]
| ''[[:d:Q58271381|Wasserburgstall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q615810|water castle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1015644|deserted castle site]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16702329|Q16702329]]
| ''[[:d:Q16702329|watchman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q138775|border guard]]''<br/>[[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q947103|Q947103]]
| ''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
| [[Turre]]<br/>[[fortification]]
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2538535|Q2538535]]
| ''[[:d:Q2538535|watchtowers of Chios]]''
| ''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q702081|Q702081]]
| ''[[:d:Q702081|water board in the Netherlands]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13138621|water board]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3648563|public body of the Netherlands]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q615810|Q615810]]
| ''[[:d:Q615810|water castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1970243|Lowland Castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7973488|Q7973488]]
| ''[[:d:Q7973488|water district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q22681722|utility district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17344561|Q17344561]]
| ''[[:d:Q17344561|water district in the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7973488|water district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20687178|type of administrative division in the United States]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2323517|Q2323517]]
| ''[[:d:Q2323517|water gate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q53060|gate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q43270433|Q43270433]]
| ''[[:d:Q43270433|water gates of Leuven]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2323517|water gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17108296|Q17108296]]
| ''[[:d:Q17108296|water management district in Florida]]''
| ''[[:d:Q610237|special-purpose district of the United States]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9305463|Q9305463]]
| ''[[:d:Q9305463|water region of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q855451|administrative territorial entity of Poland]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25616677|Q25616677]]
| ''[[:d:Q25616677|waterbuurtschap]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1484611|buurtschap]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111081341|Q111081341]]
| ''[[:d:Q111081341|waterfront district (Japan)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2923447|Q2923447]]
| ''[[:d:Q2923447|waterline]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4079161|Q4079161]]
| ''[[:d:Q4079161|watershed district of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17379829|administrative territorial entity of Minnesota]]''
| ''[[:d:Q327333|agentia governamental]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7978061|Q7978061]]
| ''[[:d:Q7978061|weapon storage area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91122|bunker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81669|arsenal]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q63313760|Q63313760]]
| ''[[:d:Q63313760|weapons depot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6852233|military building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q181623|warehouse]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60983064|military depot]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q26822164|Q26822164]]
| ''[[:d:Q26822164|Wechselberger Figuration]]''
| ''[[:d:Q935723|rib vault]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108681318|Q108681318]]
| ''[[:d:Q108681318|Wehrmacht fortress]]''
| [[fortalessa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1408469|German World War II strongholds]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134513845|Q134513845]]
| ''[[:d:Q134513845|Weiler]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15851214|Topographische Siedlungskennzeichnung nach STAT]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q107302308|Q107302308]]
| ''[[:d:Q107302308|wellbeing services county]]''
| ''[[:d:Q699386|statutory corporation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13127000|Q13127000]]
| ''[[:d:Q13127000|Welsh princes' castles]]''
| [[castello]]
| ''[[:d:Q18247357|group of structures or buildings]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q88629|Q88629]]
| ''[[:d:Q88629|werkgruppe]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4683572|Q4683572]]
| ''[[:d:Q4683572|West Bank areas in the Oslo II Accord]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7985529|Q7985529]]
| ''[[:d:Q7985529|West Indies Associated States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498958|Q101498958]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498958|West Virginia Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499085|Q101499085]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499085|West Virginia Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7986813|Q7986813]]
| ''[[:d:Q7986813|West Virginia's congressional districts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17166756|United States congressional district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124414037|Q124414037]]
| ''[[:d:Q124414037|Western Province, Cape Colony]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109360732|Q109360732]]
| ''[[:d:Q109360732|Western Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105490688|region of the levant]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139559546|Q139559546]]
| ''[[:d:Q139559546|wet county]]''
| [[Contato (SUA)]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15709086|Q15709086]]
| ''[[:d:Q15709086|wet moat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88480|moat]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12376661|artificial body of water]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q55648767|Q55648767]]
| ''[[:d:Q55648767|white ethnostate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q86668190|ethnostate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2325086|state model]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2568958|Q2568958]]
| ''[[:d:Q2568958|Wiener Katastralgemeinden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q253326|municipalitate cadastral]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13406463|lista de Wikimedia]]''
|
| lista de un projecto de Wikimedia
|-
| [[:d:Q128792028|Q128792028]]
| ''[[:d:Q128792028|Wieża widokowa na Łysuli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115307311|Q115307311]]
| ''[[:d:Q115307311|Wikivoyage district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19576|Q19576]]
| ''[[:d:Q19576|wilaya]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28942392|Q28942392]]
| ''[[:d:Q28942392|Wilderness Protection Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7251282|protected area of South Australia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1661497|Q1661497]]
| ''[[:d:Q1661497|wind turbine with observation deck]]''
| ''[[:d:Q49833|wind turbine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2140699|Q2140699]]
| ''[[:d:Q2140699|wine-producing region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1800229|vineyard location]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17240136|functional region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137022846|type of region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15229918|list of wine-producing regions]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122460604|Q122460604]]
| ''[[:d:Q122460604|Winkel tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q389959|air-raid shelter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q14520137|Q14520137]]
| ''[[:d:Q14520137|winter camp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1198413|military camp]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104600084|Q104600084]]
| ''[[:d:Q104600084|winter capital]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498957|Q101498957]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498957|Wisconsin Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499082|Q101499082]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499082|Wisconsin Class 3 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434877|United States senate seat (Class 3)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115780300|Q115780300]]
| ''[[:d:Q115780300|Wisconsin State Assembly district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q115611352|Q115611352]]
| ''[[:d:Q115611352|Wisconsin State Senate district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104146934|United States of America state-level electoral district]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q705598|Q705598]]
| ''[[:d:Q705598|Wituland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q329618|German colonial empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28050889|Q28050889]]
| ''[[:d:Q28050889|Wohnbezirk von Frankfurt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q387917|administrative divisions of Germany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122946297|Q122946297]]
| ''[[:d:Q122946297|wooden observation tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1363743|wooden structure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20019082|Q20019082]]
| ''[[:d:Q20019082|work settlement of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15078955|urban-type settlement in Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91733790|Q91733790]]
| ''[[:d:Q91733790|worker settlement in Belarus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91730648|urban-type settlement in Belarus]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12594108|Q12594108]]
| ''[[:d:Q12594108|Workers' District]]''
| ''[[:d:Q41386|administrative territorial entity of North Korea]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q627253|Q627253]]
| ''[[:d:Q627253|working class quarter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4994367|Q4994367]]
| ''[[:d:Q4994367|World Bank high-income economy]]''
| [[economia]]<br/>[[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134662316|Q134662316]]
| ''[[:d:Q134662316|world electoral and administrative district of Federation of Earth]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q134599577|administrative territorial entity of Federation of Earth]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134599680|Q134599680]]
| ''[[:d:Q134599680|world federal zone of Federation of Earth]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q134599577|administrative territorial entity of Federation of Earth]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132125769|Q132125769]]
| ''[[:d:Q132125769|world federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134599606|Q134599606]]
| ''[[:d:Q134599606|world territory of Federation of Earth]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q134599577|administrative territorial entity of Federation of Earth]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q44555359|Q44555359]]
| ''[[:d:Q44555359|WOW counties]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12178928|county of Wisconsin]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101498961|Q101498961]]
| ''[[:d:Q101498961|Wyoming Class 1 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434824|United States senate seat (Class 1)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101499087|Q101499087]]
| ''[[:d:Q101499087|Wyoming Class 2 senate seat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q58425000|United States senate constituency]]''
| ''[[:d:Q101434854|United States senate seat (Class 2)]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106342591|Q106342591]]
| ''[[:d:Q106342591|new area of the People's Republic of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1065118|district of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q603192|Q603192]]
| ''[[:d:Q603192|yagura]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6502179|turret]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81917|fortified tower]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q947103|watchtower]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q123314524|Q123314524]]
| ''[[:d:Q123314524|yamajiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15710038|hill castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q139379778|Q139379778]]
| ''[[:d:Q139379778|Yiron]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q12404340|biblical place]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113192059|Q113192059]]
| ''[[:d:Q113192059|Yliopistosairaaloiden erityisvastuualueet]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1799794|administrative territorial entity of a specific level]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11543272|Q11543272]]
| ''[[:d:Q11543272|Yokohama metropolitan area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108913517|Q108913517]]
| ''[[:d:Q108913517|Yoruba country]]''
| [[Citate-stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q39928|Q39928]]
| ''[[:d:Q39928|Youzhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070912|zhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070912|zhou]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4535144|Q4535144]]
| ''[[:d:Q4535144|yurt]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11659239|Q11659239]]
| ''[[:d:Q11659239|yūhan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q841985|han]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3662396|Q3662396]]
| ''[[:d:Q3662396|Z-plan castle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91312|tower house]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97368900|Q97368900]]
| ''[[:d:Q97368900|ZAE]]''
| [[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3575768|activity centre]]''
| ''[[:d:Q74817647|aspect in a geographic region]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11423996|Q11423996]]
| ''[[:d:Q11423996|zaigōmachi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12645515|Q12645515]]
| ''[[:d:Q12645515|zajednica općina]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q77836349|Q77836349]]
| ''[[:d:Q77836349|Zarszyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3558970|village of Poland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q123705|vicinitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q913578|Q913578]]
| ''[[:d:Q913578|Zasechnaya cherta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91713|abatis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2973801|defense line]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q215389|Q215389]]
| ''[[:d:Q215389|Zemgale]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110812103|Q110812103]]
| ''[[:d:Q110812103|Zemlja (feudal Bosnia)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11458389|feudal state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1977215|feudal fragmentation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3518201|feudal land tenure]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q843752|political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11825811|Q11825811]]
| ''[[:d:Q11825811|zemský okres v Polsku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q26654367|former county]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10860584|Q10860584]]
| ''[[:d:Q10860584|Země (územní jednotka)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q84574521|Q84574521]]
| ''[[:d:Q84574521|zent]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15052846|judicial district of Spain]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20683316|Q20683316]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683316|zent of the Holy Roman Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20477540|administrative territorial entity of the Holy Roman Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19839085|Q19839085]]
| ''[[:d:Q19839085|Zeppelin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1440300|observation tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1144661|amusement ride]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q191450|Q191450]]
| ''[[:d:Q191450|Zepterlehen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188063|fiefdom]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8069436|Q8069436]]
| ''[[:d:Q8069436|zero-carbon city]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2604022|Q2604022]]
| ''[[:d:Q2604022|Zhili]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15897752|administrative territorial entity of Qing dynasty]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q50218|administrative territorial entity of the Republic of China]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113493544|Q113493544]]
| ''[[:d:Q113493544|zhili ting]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10910840|Ting]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10436273|Q10436273]]
| ''[[:d:Q10436273|zhili zhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1070912|zhou]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1070912|Q1070912]]
| ''[[:d:Q1070912|zhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q515716|prefecture]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41761295|administrative territorial entity of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q152732|Q152732]]
| ''[[:d:Q152732|district of Bangladesh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2271985|administrative territorial entity of Bangladesh]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q19886791|list of districts of Bangladesh]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q8071905|Q8071905]]
| ''[[:d:Q8071905|Zillah]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q204425|Q204425]]
| ''[[:d:Q204425|zingel]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q205549|Q205549]]
| ''[[:d:Q205549|Zipserei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4286337|city district]]''
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q206824|Q206824]]
| ''[[:d:Q206824|Zivilgemeinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2101494|municipality type in Switzerland]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q219109|Q219109]]
| ''[[:d:Q219109|Zombeck tower]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15815716|high-rise bunker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q811102|type of building]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111644816|Q111644816]]
| ''[[:d:Q111644816|Zona conurbada de Ocotlán]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3201456|metropolitan area of Mexico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1907114|area metropolitan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126168706|Q126168706]]
| ''[[:d:Q126168706|zona de interés turístico]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3055118|single entity of population]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3183364|entitate territorial administrative de Espania]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038520|Q112038520]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038520|Zona Sul]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24949989|Q24949989]]
| ''[[:d:Q24949989|Zonal Council]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86021701|Q86021701]]
| ''[[:d:Q86021701|Zone 1 of Villa Nueva, Guatemala]]''
| [[Territorio]]
| ''[[:d:Q91153985|Zone of Villa Nueva City]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3575771|Q3575771]]
| ''[[:d:Q3575771|Zone d'aménagement différé]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q219890|Q219890]]
| ''[[:d:Q219890|zone d'études et d'aménagement du territoire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q219875|Q219875]]
| ''[[:d:Q219875|zone of Ethiopia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1196054|administrative territorial entity of Ethiopia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112791080|Q112791080]]
| ''[[:d:Q112791080|zone of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2365748|administrative territorial entity of India]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q876102|Q876102]]
| ''[[:d:Q876102|zone of Nepal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3976646|administrative territorial entity of Nepal]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q25381607|list of zones of Nepal]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3575964|Q3575964]]
| ''[[:d:Q3575964|zone of Rome]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1019982|subdivision of Rome]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19886742|Q19886742]]
| ''[[:d:Q19886742|zone of São Paulo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1007114|administrative territorial entity of São Paulo City]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3455524|region administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91153985|Q91153985]]
| ''[[:d:Q91153985|Zone of Villa Nueva City]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91153725|administrative territorial entity of Villa Nueva City]]''<br/>[[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10779468|Q10779468]]
| ''[[:d:Q10779468|zone économique spéciale du Viêt Nam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q496341|free economic zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65121159|Q65121159]]
| ''[[:d:Q65121159|Zones of Qatar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15623966|administrative territorial entity of Qatar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1771656|mintaqa]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11955649|Q11955649]]
| ''[[:d:Q11955649|Zulo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2153495|ammunition dump]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q686534|prison cell]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q231867|Q231867]]
| ''[[:d:Q231867|Zweckverband für Rettungsdienst und Feuerwehralarmierung]]''
| ''[[:d:Q231838|special district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10561522|Q10561522]]
| ''[[:d:Q10561522|zwinger]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111878261|Q111878261]]
| ''[[:d:Q111878261|základní územní jednotka]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23244|Q23244]]
| ''[[:d:Q23244|Zählsprengel]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5649349|Q5649349]]
| ''[[:d:Q5649349|Área Básica de Salud]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038608|Q112038608]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038608|Área de Planejamento 1]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038602|Q112038602]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038602|Área de Planejamento 2]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038603|Q112038603]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038603|Área de Planejamento 3]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038604|Q112038604]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038604|Área de Planejamento 4]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112038605|Q112038605]]
| ''[[:d:Q112038605|Área de Planejamento 5]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683593|administrative region of Brazil]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22922495|Q22922495]]
| ''[[:d:Q22922495|École d'application d'artillerie de Fontainebleau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113481408|military training establishment]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q917182|military academy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1244442|school building]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q847027|grande école]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q120041420|Q120041420]]
| ''[[:d:Q120041420|École des gardes de la marine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131599281|Q131599281]]
| ''[[:d:Q131599281|église Saint-Michel d'Ave]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
| [[Ecclesia (edificio)|ecclesia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7361618|Roman Catholic]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131599283|Q131599283]]
| ''[[:d:Q131599283|église Saint-Quentin de Courrière]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
| [[Ecclesia Catholic]]<br/>[[Ecclesia (edificio)|ecclesia]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131599289|Q131599289]]
| ''[[:d:Q131599289|église Sainte-Catherine de Houffalize]]''
| ''[[:d:Q665487|diocese]]''
| [[Ecclesia (edificio)|ecclesia]]<br/>[[Ecclesia Catholic]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q3591564|Q3591564]]
| ''[[:d:Q3591564|établissement public de coopération intercommunale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15343039|établissement public]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q92936088|public establishment of local cooperation of France]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2707796|association of French communes]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q19945036|Q19945036]]
| ''[[:d:Q19945036|établissement public territorial]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3591564|établissement public de coopération intercommunale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23929948|Q23929948]]
| ''[[:d:Q23929948|État aconfessionel]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q1307214|forma de governamento]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6680570|Q6680570]]
| ''[[:d:Q6680570|État ennemi]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4374337|Q4374337]]
| ''[[:d:Q4374337|État postmoderne]]''
| [[stato]]
| ''[[:d:Q66762677|political term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10275429|Q10275429]]
| ''[[:d:Q10275429|État primitif]]''
| [[stato]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q132217147|Q132217147]]
| ''[[:d:Q132217147|public-law administrative unit]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q19588327|type of legal entity in Switzerland]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129261725|Q129261725]]
| ''[[:d:Q129261725|Önkormányzat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20523018|Q20523018]]
| ''[[:d:Q20523018|Četrtna skupnost]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2983893|quarter]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65165488|Q65165488]]
| ''[[:d:Q65165488|đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện tại Việt Nam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50202|administrative territorial entity of Vietnam]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q424857|Q424857]]
| ''[[:d:Q424857|ōaza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q66752884|aza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11435892|Q11435892]]
| ''[[:d:Q11435892|ōkido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3368243|sekisho]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82117|city gate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56557664|Q56557664]]
| ''[[:d:Q56557664|şəhər]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137413|administrative territorial entity of Azerbaijan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q107391|list of cities in Azerbaijan]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61826346|Q61826346]]
| ''[[:d:Q61826346|Šnejdárek object]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62273602|Czechoslovak heavy fortification object]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10296503|Q10296503]]
| ''[[:d:Q10296503|župa]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11179000|Q11179000]]
| ''[[:d:Q11179000|župa v Československu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91075634|župy v Československu]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q91075634|Q91075634]]
| ''[[:d:Q91075634|župy v Československu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10296503|župa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20724760|administrative territorial entity of Czechoslovakia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1763545|Q1763545]]
| ''[[:d:Q1763545|ținut]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19832712|historical administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770329|Q65770329]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770329|αυτόνομο όκρουγκ της Ρωσικής Σοβιετικής Ομοσπονδιακής Σοσιαλιστικής Δημοκρατίας]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65770330|автономный округ в составе союзных республик СССР]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770330|Q65770330]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770330|автономный округ в составе союзных республик СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131359032|Q131359032]]
| ''[[:d:Q131359032|административно-территориальное деление Азербайджанской ССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q131359034|Q131359034]]
| ''[[:d:Q131359034|административно-территориальное деление Северо-Казахстанской области]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97658834|Q97658834]]
| ''[[:d:Q97658834|Административно-территориальные единицы регионов Российской Федерации]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357832|division administrative del secunde nivello]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691341|Q16691341]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691341|Административное деление Александровского района]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691218|Q16691218]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691218|Адміністративний устрій Амвросіївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691221|Q16691221]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691221|Адміністративний устрій Андрушівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071069|Q20071069]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071069|Адміністративний устрій Антрацитівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076844|Q12076844]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076844|Адміністративний устрій Апостолівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071070|Q20071070]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071070|Адміністративний устрій Арбузинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691225|Q16691225]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691225|Адміністративний устрій Артемівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076843|Q12076843]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076843|Адміністративний устрій Балаклійського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691228|Q16691228]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691228|Адміністративний устрій Баранівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13196193|part]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076845|Q12076845]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076845|Адміністративний устрій Барвінківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071071|Q20071071]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071071|Адміністративний устрій Баришівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076847|Q12076847]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076847|Адміністративний устрій Барського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071072|Q20071072]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071072|Адміністративний устрій Бахмацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076846|Q12076846]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076846|Адміністративний устрій Бахчисарайського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20096895|Q20096895]]
| ''[[:d:Q20096895|Адміністративний устрій Баштанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691231|Q16691231]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691231|Адміністративний устрій Бердичівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071073|Q20071073]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071073|Адміністративний устрій Бердянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691234|Q16691234]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691234|Адміністративний устрій Берегівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071074|Q20071074]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071074|Адміністративний устрій Березанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071075|Q20071075]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071075|Адміністративний устрій Березнегуватського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071076|Q20071076]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071076|Адміністративний устрій Березнівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071077|Q20071077]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071077|Адміністративний устрій Бериславського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076848|Q12076848]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076848|Адміністративний устрій Бершадського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076850|Q12076850]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076850|Адміністративний устрій Близнюківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076849|Q12076849]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076849|Адміністративний устрій Бобринецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071082|Q20071082]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071082|Адміністративний устрій Бобровицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076851|Q12076851]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076851|Адміністративний устрій Богодухівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073672|Q20073672]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073672|Адміністративний устрій Богородчанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071083|Q20071083]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071083|Адміністративний устрій Богуславського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691237|Q16691237]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691237|Адміністративний устрій Борзнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071084|Q20071084]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071084|Адміністративний устрій Бориспільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071085|Q20071085]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071085|Адміністративний устрій Бородянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076853|Q12076853]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076853|Адміністративний устрій Борівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071086|Q20071086]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071086|Адміністративний устрій Братського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071087|Q20071087]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071087|Адміністративний устрій Броварського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071088|Q20071088]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071088|Адміністративний устрій Бродівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17095132|Q17095132]]
| ''[[:d:Q17095132|Адміністративний устрій Брусилівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076854|Q12076854]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076854|Адміністративний устрій Буринського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071089|Q20071089]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071089|Адміністративний устрій Буського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071078|Q20071078]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071078|Адміністративний устрій Біловодського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076855|Q12076855]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076855|Адміністративний устрій Білогірського району АР Крим]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071079|Q20071079]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071079|Адміністративний устрій Білозерського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071080|Q20071080]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071080|Адміністративний устрій Білокуракинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076856|Q12076856]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076856|Адміністративний устрій Білопільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071081|Q20071081]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071081|Адміністративний устрій Білоцерківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073681|Q20073681]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073681|Адміністративний устрій Більмацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20822052|Q20822052]]
| ''[[:d:Q20822052|Адміністративний устрій Біляївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076857|Q12076857]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076857|Адміністративний устрій Валківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072575|Q20072575]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072575|Адміністративний устрій Варвинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071091|Q20071091]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071091|Адміністративний устрій Васильківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076859|Q12076859]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076859|Адміністративний устрій Васильківського району (Дніпропетровська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071090|Q20071090]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071090|Адміністративний устрій Василівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076860|Q12076860]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076860|Адміністративний устрій Великобагачанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691242|Q16691242]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691242|Адміністративний устрій Великоберезнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076861|Q12076861]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076861|Адміністративний устрій Великобурлуцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071092|Q20071092]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071092|Адміністративний устрій Великобілозерського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071093|Q20071093]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071093|Адміністративний устрій Великолепетиського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691245|Q16691245]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691245|Адміністративний устрій Великоновосілківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071094|Q20071094]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071094|Адміністративний устрій Великоолександрівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076863|Q12076863]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076863|Адміністративний устрій Великописарівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076862|Q12076862]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076862|Адміністративний устрій Верхньодніпровського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071095|Q20071095]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071095|Адміністративний устрій Верхньорогачицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073673|Q20073673]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073673|Адміністративний устрій Верховинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071096|Q20071096]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071096|Адміністративний устрій Веселинівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076864|Q12076864]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076864|Адміністративний устрій Веселівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076866|Q12076866]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076866|Адміністративний устрій Вижницького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691248|Q16691248]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691248|Адміністративний устрій Виноградівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071097|Q20071097]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071097|Адміністративний устрій Високопільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071098|Q20071098]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071098|Адміністративний устрій Вишгородського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076865|Q12076865]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076865|Адміністративний устрій Вовчанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071100|Q20071100]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071100|Адміністративний устрій Вознесенського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071101|Q20071101]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071101|Адміністративний устрій Волноваського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071102|Q20071102]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071102|Адміністративний устрій Воловецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691255|Q16691255]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691255|Адміністративний устрій Володарського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071103|Q20071103]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071103|Адміністративний устрій Володарського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071104|Q20071104]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071104|Адміністративний устрій Володимирецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691257|Q16691257]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691257|Адміністративний устрій Володимирського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071105|Q20071105]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071105|Адміністративний устрій Врадіївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071099|Q20071099]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071099|Адміністративний устрій Вільнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076868|Q12076868]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076868|Адміністративний устрій Вільшанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076869|Q12076869]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076869|Адміністративний устрій Вінницького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076870|Q12076870]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076870|Адміністративний устрій Гадяцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076871|Q12076871]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076871|Адміністративний устрій Гайворонського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076872|Q12076872]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076872|Адміністративний устрій Гайсинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073674|Q20073674]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073674|Адміністративний устрій Галицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071106|Q20071106]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071106|Адміністративний устрій Генічеського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076873|Q12076873]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076873|Адміністративний устрій Герцаївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076874|Q12076874]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076874|Адміністративний устрій Глибоцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076875|Q12076875]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076875|Адміністративний устрій Глобинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076876|Q12076876]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076876|Адміністративний устрій Глухівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076878|Q12076878]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076878|Адміністративний устрій Голованівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071107|Q20071107]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071107|Адміністративний устрій Голопристанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071108|Q20071108]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071108|Адміністративний устрій Горностаївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073675|Q20073675]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073675|Адміністративний устрій Городенківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071109|Q20071109]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071109|Адміністративний устрій Городнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071110|Q20071110]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071110|Адміністративний устрій Городоцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691262|Q16691262]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691262|Адміністративний устрій Горохівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071111|Q20071111]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071111|Адміністративний устрій Гощанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076877|Q12076877]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076877|Адміністративний устрій Гребінківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071112|Q20071112]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071112|Адміністративний устрій Гуляйпільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076880|Q12076880]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076880|Адміністративний устрій Дворічанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071113|Q20071113]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071113|Адміністративний устрій Демидівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076879|Q12076879]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076879|Адміністративний устрій Дергачівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076881|Q12076881]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076881|Адміністративний устрій Джанкойського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076883|Q12076883]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076883|Адміністративний устрій Диканського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076882|Q12076882]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076882|Адміністративний устрій Дніпропетровського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076885|Q12076885]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076885|Адміністративний устрій Добровеличківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691265|Q16691265]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691265|Адміністративний устрій Добропільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073716|Q20073716]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073716|Адміністративний устрій Довжанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073676|Q20073676]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073676|Адміністративний устрій Долинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076886|Q12076886]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076886|Адміністративний устрій Долинського району (Кіровоградська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071114|Q20071114]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071114|Адміністративний устрій Доманівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071115|Q20071115]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071115|Адміністративний устрій Дрогобицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071116|Q20071116]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071116|Адміністративний устрій Дубенського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691269|Q16691269]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691269|Адміністративний устрій Дубровицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071118|Q20071118]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071118|Адміністративний устрій Жидачівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691272|Q16691272]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691272|Адміністративний устрій Житомирського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076888|Q12076888]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076888|Адміністративний устрій Жмеринського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071119|Q20071119]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071119|Адміністративний устрій Жовківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071120|Q20071120]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071120|Адміністративний устрій Запорізького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071121|Q20071121]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071121|Адміністративний устрій Зарічненського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076887|Q12076887]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076887|Адміністративний устрій Заставнівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076889|Q12076889]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076889|Адміністративний устрій Зачепилівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071122|Q20071122]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071122|Адміністративний устрій Згурівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071123|Q20071123]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071123|Адміністративний устрій Здолбунівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076890|Q12076890]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076890|Адміністративний устрій Зміївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076891|Q12076891]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076891|Адміністративний устрій Знам'янського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071124|Q20071124]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071124|Адміністративний устрій Золочівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076893|Q12076893]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076893|Адміністративний устрій Золочівського району (Харківська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076894|Q12076894]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076894|Адміністративний устрій Зіньківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071125|Q20071125]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071125|Адміністративний устрій Кагарлицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097927|Q20097927]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097927|Адміністративний устрій Казанківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071126|Q20071126]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071126|Адміністративний устрій Каланчацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076895|Q12076895]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076895|Адміністративний устрій Калинівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073677|Q20073677]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073677|Адміністративний устрій Калуського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071127|Q20071127]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071127|Адміністративний устрій Кам'янка-Бузького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073678|Q20073678]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073678|Адміністративний устрій Кам'янсько-Дніпровського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691278|Q16691278]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691278|Адміністративний устрій Камінь-Каширського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076897|Q12076897]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076897|Адміністративний устрій Карлівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071128|Q20071128]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071128|Адміністративний устрій Каховського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076896|Q12076896]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076896|Адміністративний устрій Кегичівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076898|Q12076898]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076898|Адміністративний устрій Кельменецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071129|Q20071129]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071129|Адміністративний устрій Києво-Святошинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076900|Q12076900]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076900|Адміністративний устрій Кобеляцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076901|Q12076901]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076901|Адміністративний устрій Ковельського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071130|Q20071130]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071130|Адміністративний устрій Козелецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076903|Q12076903]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076903|Адміністративний устрій Козельщинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076902|Q12076902]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076902|Адміністративний устрій Козятинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076904|Q12076904]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076904|Адміністративний устрій Коломацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073679|Q20073679]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073679|Адміністративний устрій Коломийського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076905|Q12076905]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076905|Адміністративний устрій Компаніївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076906|Q12076906]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076906|Адміністративний устрій Конотопського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071131|Q20071131]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071131|Адміністративний устрій Корецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071132|Q20071132]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071132|Адміністративний устрій Коропського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691281|Q16691281]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691281|Адміністративний устрій Коростенського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691284|Q16691284]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691284|Адміністративний устрій Коростишівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072580|Q20072580]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072580|Адміністративний устрій Корюківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071133|Q20071133]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071133|Адміністративний устрій Костопільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691289|Q16691289]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691289|Адміністративний устрій Костянтинівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073680|Q20073680]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073680|Адміністративний устрій Косівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076908|Q12076908]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076908|Адміністративний устрій Котелевського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076907|Q12076907]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076907|Адміністративний устрій Красногвардійського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12127951|Q12127951]]
| ''[[:d:Q12127951|Адміністративний устрій Красноградського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071134|Q20071134]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071134|Адміністративний устрій Краснодонського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076911|Q12076911]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076911|Адміністративний устрій Краснокутського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076910|Q12076910]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076910|Адміністративний устрій Красноперекопського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076912|Q12076912]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076912|Адміністративний устрій Краснопільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076914|Q12076914]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076914|Адміністративний устрій Кременчуцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071135|Q20071135]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071135|Адміністративний устрій Кремінського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071136|Q20071136]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071136|Адміністративний устрій Кривоозерського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076913|Q12076913]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076913|Адміністративний устрій Криворізького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076916|Q12076916]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076916|Адміністративний устрій Крижопільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076915|Q12076915]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076915|Адміністративний устрій Криничанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076918|Q12076918]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076918|Адміністративний устрій Кролевецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072581|Q20072581]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072581|Адміністративний устрій Куликівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076917|Q12076917]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076917|Адміністративний устрій Куп'янського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691296|Q16691296]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691296|Адміністративний устрій Ківерцівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076919|Q12076919]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076919|Адміністративний устрій Кіровоградського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076921|Q12076921]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076921|Адміністративний устрій Кіровського району (Крим)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076920|Q12076920]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076920|Адміністративний устрій Кіцманського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076922|Q12076922]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076922|Адміністративний устрій Лебединського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076923|Q12076923]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076923|Адміністративний устрій Ленінського району АР Крим]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076924|Q12076924]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076924|Адміністративний устрій Липовецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076925|Q12076925]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076925|Адміністративний устрій Липоводолинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076926|Q12076926]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076926|Адміністративний устрій Лозівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691302|Q16691302]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691302|Адміністративний устрій Локачинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076927|Q12076927]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076927|Адміністративний устрій Лохвицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076928|Q12076928]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076928|Адміністративний устрій Лубенського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691305|Q16691305]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691305|Адміністративний устрій Лугинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073682|Q20073682]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073682|Адміністративний устрій Лутугинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691308|Q16691308]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691308|Адміністративний устрій Луцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691311|Q16691311]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691311|Адміністративний устрій Любарського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072582|Q20072582]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072582|Адміністративний устрій Любешівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072583|Q20072583]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072583|Адміністративний устрій Любомльського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076930|Q12076930]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076930|Адміністративний устрій Літинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076931|Q12076931]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076931|Адміністративний устрій Магдалинівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073683|Q20073683]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073683|Адміністративний устрій Макарівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691314|Q16691314]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691314|Адміністративний устрій Малинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076932|Q12076932]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076932|Адміністративний устрій Маловисківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072584|Q20072584]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072584|Адміністративний устрій Маневицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691317|Q16691317]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691317|Адміністративний устрій Мар'їнського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073684|Q20073684]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073684|Адміністративний устрій Марківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076933|Q12076933]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076933|Адміністративний устрій Машівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076934|Q12076934]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076934|Адміністративний устрій Межівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072585|Q20072585]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072585|Адміністративний устрій Менського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073686|Q20073686]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073686|Адміністративний устрій Миколаївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076935|Q12076935]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076935|Адміністративний устрій Миргородського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073687|Q20073687]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073687|Адміністративний устрій Миронівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076936|Q12076936]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076936|Адміністративний устрій Михайлівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071137|Q20071137]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071137|Адміністративний устрій Млинівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076937|Q12076937]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076937|Адміністративний устрій Могилів-Подільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073688|Q20073688]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073688|Адміністративний устрій Мостиського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073689|Q20073689]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073689|Адміністративний устрій Мукачівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076938|Q12076938]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076938|Адміністративний устрій Мурованокуриловецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073690|Q20073690]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073690|Адміністративний устрій Міжгірського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073691|Q20073691]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073691|Адміністративний устрій Міловського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073692|Q20073692]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073692|Адміністративний устрій Надвірнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17095404|Q17095404]]
| ''[[:d:Q17095404|Адміністративний устрій Народицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076940|Q12076940]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076940|Адміністративний устрій Недригайлівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076939|Q12076939]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076939|Адміністративний устрій Немирівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076941|Q12076941]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076941|Адміністративний устрій Нижньогірського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071138|Q20071138]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071138|Адміністративний устрій Нижньосірогозького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072587|Q20072587]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072587|Адміністративний устрій Новгород-Сіверського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076943|Q12076943]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076943|Адміністративний устрій Новгородківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072588|Q20072588]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072588|Адміністративний устрій Новоазовського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073693|Q20073693]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073693|Адміністративний устрій Новоайдарського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076942|Q12076942]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076942|Адміністративний устрій Новоархангельського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072589|Q20072589]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072589|Адміністративний устрій Новобузького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076944|Q12076944]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076944|Адміністративний устрій Нововодолазького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071139|Q20071139]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071139|Адміністративний устрій Нововоронцовського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691328|Q16691328]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691328|Адміністративний устрій Новоград-Волинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073694|Q20073694]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073694|Адміністративний устрій Новомиколаївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076946|Q12076946]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076946|Адміністративний устрій Новомиргородського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076945|Q12076945]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076945|Адміністративний устрій Новомосковського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072590|Q20072590]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072590|Адміністративний устрій Новоодеського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073695|Q20073695]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073695|Адміністративний устрій Новопсковського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076947|Q12076947]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076947|Адміністративний устрій Новосанжарського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076948|Q12076948]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076948|Адміністративний устрій Новоселицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071140|Q20071140]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071140|Адміністративний устрій Новотроїцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076949|Q12076949]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076949|Адміністративний устрій Новоукраїнського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072591|Q20072591]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072591|Адміністративний устрій Носівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072586|Q20072586]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072586|Адміністративний устрій Ніжинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076950|Q12076950]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076950|Адміністративний устрій Нікопольського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073696|Q20073696]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073696|Адміністративний устрій Обухівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691331|Q16691331]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691331|Адміністративний устрій Овруцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691338|Q16691338]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691338|Адміністративний устрій Олевського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076951|Q12076951]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076951|Адміністративний устрій Олександрівського району (Кіровоградська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076954|Q12076954]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076954|Адміністративний устрій Олександрійського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071149|Q20071149]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071149|Адміністративний устрій Олешківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076953|Q12076953]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076953|Адміністративний устрій Онуфріївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076955|Q12076955]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076955|Адміністративний устрій Оратівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076957|Q12076957]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076957|Адміністративний устрій Оржицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073697|Q20073697]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073697|Адміністративний устрій Оріхівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071141|Q20071141]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071141|Адміністративний устрій Острозького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076956|Q12076956]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076956|Адміністративний устрій Охтирського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072592|Q20072592]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072592|Адміністративний устрій Очаківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076958|Q12076958]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076958|Адміністративний устрій П'ятихатського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076959|Q12076959]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076959|Адміністративний устрій Павлоградського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076961|Q12076961]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076961|Адміністративний устрій Первомайського району (Крим)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076963|Q12076963]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076963|Адміністративний устрій Первомайського району (Харківська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073698|Q20073698]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073698|Адміністративний устрій Перевальського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073699|Q20073699]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073699|Адміністративний устрій Перемишлянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073700|Q20073700]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073700|Адміністративний устрій Перечинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073701|Q20073701]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073701|Адміністративний устрій Переяслав-Хмельницького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691344|Q16691344]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691344|Адміністративний устрій Першотравневого району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076962|Q12076962]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076962|Адміністративний устрій Петриківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076964|Q12076964]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076964|Адміністративний устрій Петропавлівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076966|Q12076966]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076966|Адміністративний устрій Петрівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076965|Q12076965]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076965|Адміністративний устрій Печенізького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076967|Q12076967]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076967|Адміністративний устрій Пирятинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076968|Q12076968]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076968|Адміністративний устрій Погребищенського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691292|Q16691292]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691292|Адміністративний устрій Покровського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076969|Q12076969]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076969|Адміністративний устрій Покровського району Дніпропетровської області]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073702|Q20073702]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073702|Адміністративний устрій Пологівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076971|Q12076971]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076971|Адміністративний устрій Полтавського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073703|Q20073703]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073703|Адміністративний устрій Поліського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076970|Q12076970]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076970|Адміністративний устрій Попаснянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691347|Q16691347]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691347|Адміністративний устрій Попільнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073704|Q20073704]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073704|Адміністративний устрій Приазовського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072593|Q20072593]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072593|Адміністративний устрій Прилуцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073705|Q20073705]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073705|Адміністративний устрій Приморського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073706|Q20073706]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073706|Адміністративний устрій Пустомитівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076972|Q12076972]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076972|Адміністративний устрій Путивльського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076974|Q12076974]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076974|Адміністративний устрій Путильського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076973|Q12076973]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076973|Адміністративний устрій Піщанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073707|Q20073707]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073707|Адміністративний устрій Радехівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071142|Q20071142]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071142|Адміністративний устрій Радивилівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691350|Q16691350]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691350|Адміністративний устрій Радомишльського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072594|Q20072594]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072594|Адміністративний устрій Ратнівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073708|Q20073708]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073708|Адміністративний устрій Рахівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076975|Q12076975]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076975|Адміністративний устрій Решетилівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073709|Q20073709]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073709|Адміністративний устрій Рогатинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072596|Q20072596]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072596|Адміністративний устрій Рожищенського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073710|Q20073710]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073710|Адміністративний устрій Рожнятівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076977|Q12076977]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076977|Адміністративний устрій Роздольненського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073711|Q20073711]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073711|Адміністративний устрій Розівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073712|Q20073712]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073712|Адміністративний устрій Рокитнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071144|Q20071144]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071144|Адміністративний устрій Рокитнівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691353|Q16691353]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691353|Адміністративний устрій Романівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076976|Q12076976]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076976|Адміністративний устрій Роменського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691355|Q16691355]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691355|Адміністративний устрій Ружинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071143|Q20071143]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071143|Адміністративний устрій Рівненського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072595|Q20072595]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072595|Адміністративний устрій Ріпкинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076978|Q12076978]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076978|Адміністративний устрій Сакського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073713|Q20073713]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073713|Адміністративний устрій Самбірського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072597|Q20072597]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072597|Адміністративний устрій Сарненського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076979|Q12076979]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076979|Адміністративний устрій Сахновщинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073714|Q20073714]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073714|Адміністративний устрій Свалявського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073715|Q20073715]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073715|Адміністративний устрій Сватівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076980|Q12076980]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076980|Адміністративний устрій Світловодського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072598|Q20072598]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072598|Адміністративний устрій Семенівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076982|Q12076982]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076982|Адміністративний устрій Семенівського району Полтавської області]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076981|Q12076981]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076981|Адміністративний устрій Середино-Будського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076985|Q12076985]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076985|Адміністративний устрій Синельниківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071145|Q20071145]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071145|Адміністративний устрій Скадовського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073717|Q20073717]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073717|Адміністративний устрій Сквирського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073718|Q20073718]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073718|Адміністративний устрій Сколівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073719|Q20073719]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073719|Адміністративний устрій Слов'яносербського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691362|Q16691362]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691362|Адміністративний устрій Слов'янського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073720|Q20073720]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073720|Адміністративний устрій Снятинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076986|Q12076986]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076986|Адміністративний устрій Совєтського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073721|Q20073721]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073721|Адміністративний устрій Сокальського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076987|Q12076987]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076987|Адміністративний устрій Сокирянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076988|Q12076988]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076988|Адміністративний устрій Солонянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072599|Q20072599]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072599|Адміністративний устрій Сосницького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076990|Q12076990]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076990|Адміністративний устрій Софіївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071146|Q20071146]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071146|Адміністративний устрій Срібнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073722|Q20073722]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073722|Адміністративний устрій Ставищенського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073723|Q20073723]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073723|Адміністративний устрій Станично-Луганського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691366|Q16691366]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691366|Адміністративний устрій Старобешівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073724|Q20073724]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073724|Адміністративний устрій Старобільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072600|Q20072600]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072600|Адміністративний устрій Старовижівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073725|Q20073725]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073725|Адміністративний устрій Старосамбірського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076989|Q12076989]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076989|Адміністративний устрій Сторожинецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073726|Q20073726]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073726|Адміністративний устрій Стрийського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076991|Q12076991]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076991|Адміністративний устрій Сумського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076992|Q12076992]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076992|Адміністративний устрій Сімферопольського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071147|Q20071147]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071147|Адміністративний устрій Талалаївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073727|Q20073727]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073727|Адміністративний устрій Таращанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691369|Q16691369]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691369|Адміністративний устрій Тельманівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076995|Q12076995]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076995|Адміністративний устрій Теплицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20071148|Q20071148]]
| ''[[:d:Q20071148|Адміністративний устрій Тернопільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073728|Q20073728]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073728|Адміністративний устрій Тетіївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076994|Q12076994]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076994|Адміністративний устрій Тиврівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073729|Q20073729]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073729|Адміністративний устрій Тисменицького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20073730|Q20073730]]
| ''[[:d:Q20073730|Адміністративний устрій Тлумацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076996|Q12076996]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076996|Адміністративний устрій Токмацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076998|Q12076998]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076998|Адміністративний устрій Томаківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076997|Q12076997]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076997|Адміністративний устрій Томашпільського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077001|Q12077001]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077001|Адміністративний устрій Тростянецького району (Вінницька область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077000|Q12077000]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077000|Адміністративний устрій Тростянецького району (Сумська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097013|Q20097013]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097013|Адміністративний устрій Троїцького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077002|Q12077002]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077002|Адміністративний устрій Тульчинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097037|Q20097037]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097037|Адміністративний устрій Турківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072601|Q20072601]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072601|Адміністративний устрій Турійського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097055|Q20097055]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097055|Адміністративний устрій Тячівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097059|Q20097059]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097059|Адміністративний устрій Ужгородського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077004|Q12077004]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077004|Адміністративний устрій Ульяновського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077003|Q12077003]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077003|Адміністративний устрій Устинівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097146|Q20097146]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097146|Адміністративний устрій Фастівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077006|Q12077006]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077006|Адміністративний устрій Харківського району (1923—2020)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q203323|administrative territorial entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077008|Q12077008]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077008|Адміністративний устрій Хмільницького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077010|Q12077010]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077010|Адміністративний устрій Хорольського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691253|Q16691253]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691253|Адміністративний устрій Хорошівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077009|Q12077009]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077009|Адміністративний устрій Хотинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097294|Q20097294]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097294|Адміністративний устрій Хустського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077011|Q12077011]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077011|Адміністративний устрій Царичанського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072602|Q20072602]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072602|Адміністративний устрій Чаплинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691375|Q16691375]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691375|Адміністративний устрій Червоноармійського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691378|Q16691378]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691378|Адміністративний устрій Черняхівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077013|Q12077013]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077013|Адміністративний устрій Чернівецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072603|Q20072603]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072603|Адміністративний устрій Чернігівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077012|Q12077012]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077012|Адміністративний устрій Чернігівського району (Запорізька область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077014|Q12077014]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077014|Адміністративний устрій Чечельницького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140935453|Q140935453]]
| ''[[:d:Q140935453|Administrative structure of the Chornobyl raion]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077015|Q12077015]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077015|Адміністративний устрій Чорноморського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077016|Q12077016]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077016|Адміністративний устрій Чорнухинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077017|Q12077017]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077017|Адміністративний устрій Чугуївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691381|Q16691381]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691381|Адміністративний устрій Чуднівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077019|Q12077019]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077019|Адміністративний устрій Чутівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077020|Q12077020]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077020|Адміністративний устрій Шаргородського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691384|Q16691384]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691384|Адміністративний устрій Шахтарського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072604|Q20072604]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072604|Адміністративний устрій Шацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077021|Q12077021]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077021|Адміністративний устрій Шевченківського району (Харківська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077022|Q12077022]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077022|Адміністративний устрій Широківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077023|Q12077023]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077023|Адміністративний устрій Шишацького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077024|Q12077024]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077024|Адміністративний устрій Шосткинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072605|Q20072605]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072605|Адміністративний устрій Щорського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077025|Q12077025]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077025|Адміністративний устрій Юр'ївського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097570|Q20097570]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097570|Адміністративний устрій Яворівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20097572|Q20097572]]
| ''[[:d:Q20097572|Адміністративний устрій Яготинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077026|Q12077026]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077026|Адміністративний устрій Якимівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077028|Q12077028]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077028|Адміністративний устрій Ямпільського району (Вінницька область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12077029|Q12077029]]
| ''[[:d:Q12077029|Адміністративний устрій Ямпільського району (Сумська область)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691388|Q16691388]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691388|Адміністративний устрій Ясинуватського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072576|Q20072576]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072576|Адміністративний устрій Єланецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691211|Q16691211]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691211|Адміністративний устрій Ємільчинського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076838|Q12076838]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076838|Адміністративний устрій Іваничівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072578|Q20072578]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072578|Адміністративний устрій Іванківського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072577|Q20072577]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072577|Адміністративний устрій Іванівського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076840|Q12076840]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076840|Адміністративний устрій Ізюмського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12076841|Q12076841]]
| ''[[:d:Q12076841|Адміністративний устрій Іллінецького району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20072579|Q20072579]]
| ''[[:d:Q20072579|Адміністративний устрій Іршавського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16691215|Q16691215]]
| ''[[:d:Q16691215|Адміністративний устрій Ічнянського району]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21674689|administrative territorial entity of a subnational entity of Ukraine]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12055729|Q12055729]]
| ''[[:d:Q12055729|адміністрацыйны раён]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122999724|Q122999724]]
| ''[[:d:Q122999724|Акругі БССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18071983|okrug of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4069573|Q4069573]]
| ''[[:d:Q4069573|армейская семинария]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106603962|Q106603962]]
| ''[[:d:Q106603962|Ақтөбе қаласының әкімшілік бөліктері]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15072596|administrative territorial entity of Kazakhstan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58803081|Q58803081]]
| ''[[:d:Q58803081|subdistrict of Mongolia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3645512|administrative territorial entity of Mongolia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13132904|Q13132904]]
| ''[[:d:Q13132904|бастыённы замак]]''
| [[castello]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13028711|Q13028711]]
| ''[[:d:Q13028711|Беларуская вёска]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5084|hamlet]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133856298|Q133856298]]
| ''[[:d:Q133856298|Береговая батарея №33 (ЧФ)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56344492|artillery battery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1358324|coastal artillery]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q124042333|Q124042333]]
| ''[[:d:Q124042333|Бихівський полк]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4370308|regiment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126487376|Q126487376]]
| ''[[:d:Q126487376|Валашчане]]''
| ''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
| ''[[:d:Q838811|peasant]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28055796|Q28055796]]
| ''[[:d:Q28055796|Владетельное селение]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113409013|Q113409013]]
| ''[[:d:Q113409013|волость РСФСР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q106837503|волость СССР]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106837503|Q106837503]]
| ''[[:d:Q106837503|волость СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12092969|Q12092969]]
| ''[[:d:Q12092969|відновлювані території]]''
| [[Territorio]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110645724|Q110645724]]
| ''[[:d:Q110645724|гандлёва-гарадская камуна Даніі]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110655882|municipi de Dinamarca (1842-1970)]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4133856|Q4133856]]
| ''[[:d:Q4133856|гарнизонная школа]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4144602|Q4144602]]
| ''[[:d:Q4144602|горнозаводские округа]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q86678591|Q86678591]]
| ''[[:d:Q86678591|горный округ]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23759482|Q23759482]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759482|городская часть Москвы]]''
| ''[[:d:Q462667|administrative territorial entity of Moscow]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136534923|Q136534923]]
| ''[[:d:Q136534923|горсовет в СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3154693|city council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211201|soviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28667342|Q28667342]]
| ''[[:d:Q28667342|Горчак]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92069|pillbox]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770134|Q65770134]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770134|губерня ў складзе саюзных рэспублік СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q86622|governorate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21711119|Q21711119]]
| ''[[:d:Q21711119|гісторыка-этнаграфічны рэгіён]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q518261|cultural area]]''
| [[region]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4155331|Q4155331]]
| ''[[:d:Q4155331|Даха]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7631083|administrative territorial entity of Uzbekistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13030776|Q13030776]]
| ''[[:d:Q13030776|Забарол]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65296524|Q65296524]]
| ''[[:d:Q65296524|збег]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q101481654|Q101481654]]
| ''[[:d:Q101481654|избирательный округ в Государственную Думу РФ]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130241638|Q130241638]]
| ''[[:d:Q130241638|каймаканство]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q116969557|Q116969557]]
| ''[[:d:Q116969557|Капитанская слобода]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20968646|neighborhood or historical district of Moscow]]''
| ''[[:d:Q35120|entitate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q134622619|Q134622619]]
| ''[[:d:Q134622619|категория городов СССР]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q7930989|city or town]]''
| [[Classification]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60220838|Q60220838]]
| ''[[:d:Q60220838|Колиби]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7551933|mahalla]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113192128|Q113192128]]
| ''[[:d:Q113192128|Корпус чужестранных единоверцев]]''
| ''[[:d:Q55043|gymnasium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q54552|cadet corps]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2385804|educational institution]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q122236143|Q122236143]]
| ''[[:d:Q122236143|Кочкор айыл аймагы]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20733617|rural community of Kyrgyzstan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20733617|rural community of Kyrgyzstan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65177737|Q65177737]]
| ''[[:d:Q65177737|Мазанский сельский совет]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q4358176|council]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20587649|Q20587649]]
| ''[[:d:Q20587649|Муралинская МТС]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114684649|Q114684649]]
| ''[[:d:Q114684649|Мусульманскае рэлігійнае аб'яднанне ў Рэспубліцы Беларусь]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1530022|organisation religiose]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q13442503|Q13442503]]
| ''[[:d:Q13442503|міський округ (Словаччина)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2264478|district of Slovakia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112081042|Q112081042]]
| ''[[:d:Q112081042|наибство]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4314946|Q4314946]]
| ''[[:d:Q4314946|Национальные волости СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q687121|volost]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770302|Q65770302]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770302|национальный округ в составе союзных республик СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4315043|district national]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4330781|Q4330781]]
| ''[[:d:Q4330781|Овручский полк]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4370308|regiment]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770174|Q65770174]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770174|округ в составе союзных республик СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414991|area]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137387394|Q137387394]]
| ''[[:d:Q137387394|округ Ниуэ]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12139735|Q12139735]]
| ''[[:d:Q12139735|Победа (Днепропетровск)]]''
| ''[[:d:Q604435|microdistrict]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30892871|inhabited area]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q112245920|Q112245920]]
| ''[[:d:Q112245920|полицейская часть]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17310396|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97344267|Q97344267]]
| ''[[:d:Q97344267|Поселение]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192287|administrative divisions of Russia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q136534136|Q136534136]]
| ''[[:d:Q136534136|поссовет в СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1631226|settlement council]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211201|soviet]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q25386041|Q25386041]]
| ''[[:d:Q25386041|Районы Душанбе]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4683558|administrative territorial entity of Tajikistan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4389103|Q4389103]]
| ''[[:d:Q4389103|Районы Ростова-на-Дону]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15195406|city district in Russia]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q140635480|Q140635480]]
| ''[[:d:Q140635480|Региональное духовное управление мусульман РБ в составе ЦДУМ России]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20926517|religious administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q110706912|Islamic organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4171307|Spiritual Administration of the Muslims]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4100864|Q4100864]]
| ''[[:d:Q4100864|urban-type settlement in Ukraine]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12051488|populated place in Ukraine]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q108299931|Q108299931]]
| ''[[:d:Q108299931|Смаленская кашталянія]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2749147|castellany]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130234104|Q130234104]]
| ''[[:d:Q130234104|Советы муниципальных образований субъектов Российской Федерации]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15284|municipalitate]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110158634|Q110158634]]
| ''[[:d:Q110158634|Сєлѥниѥ градьска тѷпа]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2989457|urban-type settlement]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q58573036|Q58573036]]
| ''[[:d:Q58573036|Тайник (фортификация)]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770285|Q65770285]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770285|трудовая коммуна в составе союзных республик СССР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65770276|Q65770276]]
| ''[[:d:Q65770276|трудовая коммуна РСФСР]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18285135|administrative territorial entity of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q65770285|трудовая коммуна в составе союзных республик СССР]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4464976|Q4464976]]
| ''[[:d:Q4464976|туземный район]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4204491|administrative territorial entity of the Soviet Union]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61367948|Q61367948]]
| ''[[:d:Q61367948|Уманська сотня]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12154694|company system]]''
| ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16722729|Q16722729]]
| ''[[:d:Q16722729|юнкерское училище]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1935049|military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56373358|Q56373358]]
| ''[[:d:Q56373358|Історико-географічний регіон]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12411695|Q12411695]]
| ''[[:d:Q12411695|שכונות חרדיות בירושלים]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12054099|neighborhood of Jerusalem]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5671723|Q5671723]]
| ''[[:d:Q5671723|استاتما]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137587510|administrative territorial entity of Seleucid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5663267|Q5663267]]
| ''[[:d:Q5663267|استراتگ]]''
| [[capital]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28716290|Q28716290]]
| ''[[:d:Q28716290|التقسيم الجهوي المغربي 1971]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105546844|Q105546844]]
| ''[[:d:Q105546844|الحاضرة في السعودية]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105546855|subdistrict of Saudi Arabia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q12191384|Q12191384]]
| ''[[:d:Q12191384|القطر]]''
| [[pais]]
| ''[[:d:Q151885|concepto]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137587455|Q137587455]]
| ''[[:d:Q137587455|اپارخیا]]''
| ''[[:d:Q285181|eparchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q137587510|administrative territorial entity of Seleucid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q22934112|Q22934112]]
| ''[[:d:Q22934112|جهة]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q104832440|Q104832440]]
| ''[[:d:Q104832440|دائرة انتخابية في الجزائر]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21141250|Q21141250]]
| ''[[:d:Q21141250|دهستان یمن]]''
| ''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138548439|Q138548439]]
| ''[[:d:Q138548439|زیرمنطقه (فنلاند)]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q27096235|artificial geographic entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97195973|Q97195973]]
| ''[[:d:Q97195973|عمالة]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97273396|Q97273396]]
| ''[[:d:Q97273396|عمل]]''
| ''[[:d:Q125366774|administrative territorial entity of the Fatimid Caliphate]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125172107|Q125172107]]
| ''[[:d:Q125172107|مدينة يمنية]]''
| ''[[:d:Q558941|administrative territorial entity of Yemen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124250988|urban settlement]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5662657|Q5662657]]
| ''[[:d:Q5662657|مرکز دهستان]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11353|district of Iran]]''
|
| ''[[:d:Q54520741|list of Central Districts in Iran]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q23925385|Q23925385]]
| ''[[:d:Q23925385|ملحقة]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4115671|administrative territorial entity of Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q118326166|Q118326166]]
| ''[[:d:Q118326166|منظمة أسسها الاتحاد الإفريقي]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4120211|regional organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43229|organisation]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5677577|Q5677577]]
| ''[[:d:Q5677577|هیپارخی]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137587510|administrative territorial entity of Seleucid Empire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130279143|Q130279143]]
| ''[[:d:Q130279143|จังหวัด]]''
| [[provincia]]
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60480158|Q60480158]]
| ''[[:d:Q60480158|มณฑลภาค]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q109357164|Q109357164]]
| ''[[:d:Q109357164|イノベーション都市]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q28754498|Q28754498]]
| ''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24893064|Q24893064]]
| ''[[:d:Q24893064|三府]]''
| ''[[:d:Q839328|fu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29430681|triad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10874439|Q10874439]]
| ''[[:d:Q10874439|中国共産党抗日根拠地]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q60997513|Q60997513]]
| ''[[:d:Q60997513|中枢中核都市]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494721|city of Japan]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q125884237|Q125884237]]
| ''[[:d:Q125884237|5-chōme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5327369|chōchō]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28754498|chōme]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11372285|Q11372285]]
| ''[[:d:Q11372285|五大都市]]''
| [[citate]]
| ''[[:d:Q29428403|pentad]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138354675|Q138354675]]
| ''[[:d:Q138354675|公明選挙区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q23983335|district of the House of Representatives of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11393683|Q11393683]]
| ''[[:d:Q11393683|兵站病院]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21652514|Evacuation hospitals]]''
| ''[[:d:Q62933848|military unit branch-type class]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4445212|Q4445212]]
| ''[[:d:Q4445212|内務省スヴォーロフ陸軍幼年学校]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1995987|Suvorov military school]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q137673059|Q137673059]]
| ''[[:d:Q137673059|分屯地]]''
| ''[[:d:Q88556|garrison]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18380773|Q18380773]]
| ''[[:d:Q18380773|区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18651883|Q18651883]]
| ''[[:d:Q18651883|区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10915529|administrative division of Taiwan under Japanese rule]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17996121|Q17996121]]
| ''[[:d:Q17996121|台場]]''
| [[fortification]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11420479|Q11420479]]
| ''[[:d:Q11420479|国免荘]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114612320|Q114612320]]
| ''[[:d:Q114612320|国力による中国]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17211164|Q17211164]]
| ''[[:d:Q17211164|国家戦略特別区域]]''
| ''[[:d:Q494978|special economic zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q135236751|Japanese local economic programs]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q135896038|Q135896038]]
| ''[[:d:Q135896038|平城]]''
| ''[[:d:Q92026|Japanese castle]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65522058|Q65522058]]
| ''[[:d:Q65522058|府藩県]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133865|Q133865]]
| ''[[:d:Q133865|Changhua County]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q706447|county of Taiwan]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11488922|Q11488922]]
| ''[[:d:Q11488922|御家門]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1331112|Shinpan daimyo]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56242923|Q56242923]]
| ''[[:d:Q56242923|投票区]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11503672|Q11503672]]
| ''[[:d:Q11503672|新産業都市]]''
| [[citate]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105561716|Q105561716]]
| ''[[:d:Q105561716|未来社区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q985488|residential community]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q56243029|Q56243029]]
| ''[[:d:Q56243029|松戸市の投票区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56242923|投票区]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q98930977|Q98930977]]
| ''[[:d:Q98930977|林業局]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2659904|government organization]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12809484|township-level division similar to townships]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117351402|Q117351402]]
| ''[[:d:Q117351402|歴史的風土特別保存地区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q111578676|Q111578676]]
| ''[[:d:Q111578676|海岸保全区域]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15898176|Q15898176]]
| ''[[:d:Q15898176|準直轄市]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2225003|special municipality]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q133812567|Q133812567]]
| ''[[:d:Q133812567|甘肃省县级行政区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q113414331|county-level division]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q114612324|Q114612324]]
| ''[[:d:Q114612324|畿内からの距離による中国]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10436164|Q10436164]]
| ''[[:d:Q10436164|直省]]''
| [[provincia]]
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q105985227|Q105985227]]
| ''[[:d:Q105985227|省]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11589391|Q11589391]]
| ''[[:d:Q11589391|神奈川県高等学校の通学区域]]''
| ''[[:d:Q398141|school district]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q117351444|Q117351444]]
| ''[[:d:Q117351444|第一種歴史的風土保存地区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q97274883|Q97274883]]
| ''[[:d:Q97274883|类似村级单位]]''
| ''[[:d:Q50231|administrative territorial entity of the People's Republic of China]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q24859699|Q24859699]]
| ''[[:d:Q24859699|総合区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1850442|administrative territorial entity of Japan]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12357920|third-level administrative division]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q29925520|borough of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15903862|Q15903862]]
| ''[[:d:Q15903862|縣轄區]]''
| ''[[:d:Q149621|district]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11609383|Q11609383]]
| ''[[:d:Q11609383|美観地区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15896228|Q15896228]]
| ''[[:d:Q15896228|臺北市行政區劃]]''
| ''[[:d:Q705296|district of Taiwan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q10506643|Q10506643]]
| ''[[:d:Q10506643|莞寶]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]''
| ''[[:d:Q210588|umbrella term]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65281628|Q65281628]]
| ''[[:d:Q65281628|行政区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q137773|ward of Japan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11630451|Q11630451]]
| ''[[:d:Q11630451|親王任国]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11631439|Q11631439]]
| ''[[:d:Q11631439|認可地縁団体]]''
| ''[[:d:Q490933|local community]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10541491|legal form]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11637358|Q11637358]]
| ''[[:d:Q11637358|軍事大国]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1345203|power]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11638417|Q11638417]]
| ''[[:d:Q11638417|近国]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11641983|Q11641983]]
| ''[[:d:Q11641983|遠国]]''
| ''[[:d:Q860290|province of Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q16694867|Q16694867]]
| ''[[:d:Q16694867|郷]]''
| ''[[:d:Q130458414|郷]]''
| ''[[:d:Q28872924|designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q130458414|Q130458414]]
| ''[[:d:Q130458414|郷]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17208868|Q17208868]]
| ''[[:d:Q17208868|都市再生緊急整備地域]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15896291|Q15896291]]
| ''[[:d:Q15896291|隋朝行政区划]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19953632|former administrative territorial entity]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11659397|Q11659397]]
| ''[[:d:Q11659397|雑役免系荘園]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1887569|shōen]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11388610|免田]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q20451116|Q20451116]]
| ''[[:d:Q20451116|首府]]''
| [[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1306755|centro administrative]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q11668267|Q11668267]]
| ''[[:d:Q11668267|駐車場整備地区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424233|district and zone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q61056495|Q61056495]]
| ''[[:d:Q61056495|高新技术产业开发区]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15617994|administrative territorial entity type]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107301909|administrative levels and divisions of China]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17208906|Q17208906]]
| ''[[:d:Q17208906|高松市の町・字]]''
| ''[[:d:Q65948724|neighborhood in Japan]]''
|
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q48744165|Q48744165]]
| ''[[:d:Q48744165|鳥栖都市圏]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7899896|Urban Employment Area]]''
| ''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q50275479|Q50275479]]
| ''[[:d:Q50275479|대한민국 기초자치단체장 선거구]]''
| ''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''
| [[entitate territorial administrative]]
|
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
85sxxp5w2jrrm9t3uz9z1lewmj4e2g6
1942-01
0
40568
699791
699740
2026-09-09T23:53:29Z
InternetArchiveBot
40773
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
699791
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{infobox}}
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE {
?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart .
?item wdt:P582 ?dtend .
FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-02-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime)
FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime)
}
|wdq=
|columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description
|sort=P580
|thumb=48
|links=
|references=all
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! item
! data de initio
! data de fin
! label
! instantia de
! description
|-
| [[:d:Q161033|Q161033]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-25
| ''[[:d:Q161033|Demyansk Pocket]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1569578|encirclement]]''<br/>[[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q261776|Q261776]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05
| data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-03-21
| ''[[:d:Q261776|Battles of Rzhev]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q305133|Q305133]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-05
| ''[[:d:Q305133|Kholm Pocket]]''
| [[Battalia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q478315|Q478315]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30
| ''[[:d:Q478315|Battle of Lyuban]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>[[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q558137|Q558137]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q558137|Operation Southeast Croatia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q569454|Q569454]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-31
| ''[[:d:Q569454|Second Happy Time]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q610048|Q610048]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q610048|Battle of Balikpapan]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q651977|Q651977]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14
| ''[[:d:Q651977|1941–42 Primeira Divisão]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q703482|Q703482]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09
| ''[[:d:Q703482|Battle of Bataan]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q907163|Q907163]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942
| ''[[:d:Q907163|1942 South American Championship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1572785|Q1572785]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q1572785|Battle of Rabaul]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q1759161|Q1759161]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q1759161|Solomon Islands Campaign]]''
| ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2034438|Q2034438]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20
| ''[[:d:Q2034438|Rzhev-Vyazma offensive]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2165376|Q2165376]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q2165376|Battle of Tarakan]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2276692|Q2276692]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23
| data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08
| ''[[:d:Q2276692|New Guinea campaign]]''
| ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2369529|Q2369529]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-03
| ''[[:d:Q2369529|Jewish Labour Camp]]''
|
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2392991|Q2392991]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-03<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q2392991|Battle of Ambon]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2398940|Q2398940]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/>
| data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/>
| ''[[:d:Q2398940|Technician Fifth Grade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2587905|Q2587905]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q2587905|Battle of Manado]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q2889419|Q2889419]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22
| ''[[:d:Q2889419|Battle of Muar]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4287557|Q4287557]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-03
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10
| ''[[:d:Q4287557|Медвежьегорская наступательная операция]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4870916|Q4870916]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11
| ''[[:d:Q4870916|Battle of Dražgoše]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4872395|Q4872395]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08
| ''[[:d:Q4872395|Battle of Slim River]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q4873065|Q4873065]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27
| ''[[:d:Q4873065|Battle off Endau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q5656259|Q5656259]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q5656259|Lake Ilmen action]]''
| [[Battalia]]
|
|-
| [[:d:Q6018281|Q6018281]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref><br/>1942-01-17
| data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-07<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q6018281|1361 AH]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4146861|Hijri year]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7692371|Q7692371]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/>
| data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/>
| ''[[:d:Q7692371|Technician Fourth Grade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q7692374|Q7692374]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref>
| data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/>
| ''[[:d:Q7692374|Technician Third Grade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q9367361|Q9367361]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-06
| ''[[:d:Q9367361|Ust-Usa uprising]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2920604|prison riot]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124734|rebellion]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q15805395|Q15805395]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q15805395|Deutsche Dreiband-Meisterschaft 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15805414|German three-cushion championship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q17017712|Q17017712]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15
| ''[[:d:Q17017712|Convoy SC 67]]''
| ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q18332219|Q18332219]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-30
| ''[[:d:Q18332219|Riksdagen 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q85680242|Riksdag]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q21636225|Q21636225]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12
| ''[[:d:Q21636225|Боевые действия на Керченском полуострове]]''
| ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q65241261|Q65241261]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942 |accessdate=2020-11-15 |archivedate=2021-10-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019094925/http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942 }}</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-17<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3"/>
| ''[[:d:Q65241261|1942 Pacific typhoon season]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27491613|Pacific typhoon season]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76356407|Q76356407]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| ''[[:d:Q76356407|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 09.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76356410|Q76356410]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| ''[[:d:Q76356410|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 11.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76356414|Q76356414]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-16<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| ''[[:d:Q76356414|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 13.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76356419|Q76356419]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| ''[[:d:Q76356419|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 15.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76356422|Q76356422]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| ''[[:d:Q76356422|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 19.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76356429|Q76356429]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| ''[[:d:Q76356429|Transport from Berlin to the Riga Ghetto on January 25, 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q76356432|Q76356432]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-31<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
| ''[[:d:Q76356432|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 26.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478844|Q79478844]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478844|Chicago Council of Camera Clubs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478845|Q79478845]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478845|History of the Modern Poster]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478849|Q79478849]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478849|The Artist Uses His Skill in War: Posters Designed by a Group of Bay Region Artists]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478851|Q79478851]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478851|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Models: Art in Camouflage]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478854|Q79478854]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478854|William Gropper]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478858|Q79478858]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478858|Oils by William Gerstle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478861|Q79478861]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478861|Exhibitions for Art Understanding]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478864|Q79478864]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478864|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Art of the Argentine Republic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478867|Q79478867]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478867|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Prints of Latin America, Section I]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478872|Q79478872]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478872|Photographs of Mexico by Maude Martin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478877|Q79478877]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478877|Emmy Lou Packard]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478882|Q79478882]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478882|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Posters from U.S.S.R.]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q79478884|Q79478884]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf</ref>
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
| ''[[:d:Q79478884|Oils by Werner Philipp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q87406449|Q87406449]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-02
| ''[[:d:Q87406449|Jonge Sierkunstenaars]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99885166|Q99885166]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/>
| ''[[:d:Q99885166|transport from Pilsen to Ghetto Theresienstadt on January 18th 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99889221|Q99889221]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q99889221|Transport von Leipzig in das Ghetto Riga am 21.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99889236|Q99889236]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/>
| ''[[:d:Q99889236|Transport von Pilsen nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 22.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99889257|Q99889257]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/>
| ''[[:d:Q99889257|Transport von Pilsen in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q99889382|Q99889382]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q99889382|Transport von Gelsenkirchen in das Ghetto Riga am 27.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref>
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100526795|Q100526795]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/>
| ''[[:d:Q100526795|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 28.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q100526955|Q100526955]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref>
| ''[[:d:Q100526955|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 30.01.1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106104733|Q106104733]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-27
| ''[[:d:Q106104733|Japanische Invasion von Celebes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106450243|Q106450243]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21
| data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q106450243|Deportations from Brunswick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q379693|deportation]]''<ref name="ref_a21cd404e6d137d131e449ddf463b6aca031da9062ba1f72fc70eb4f1ab790f3">http://www.vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q106619215|Q106619215]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29
| ''[[:d:Q106619215|Japanese invasion of West Borneo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110890677|Q110890677]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15
| ''[[:d:Q110890677|New Acquisitions: Latin-American Art]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110890678|Q110890678]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q110890678|New Acquisitions: Photographs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110890679|Q110890679]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09
| ''[[:d:Q110890679|Dancers in Movement: Photographs by Gjon Mili]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110890681|Q110890681]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08
| ''[[:d:Q110890681|Americans 1942: 18 Artists from 9 States]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q110890682|Q110890682]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-02
| ''[[:d:Q110890682|The Artists' New York]]''
| ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q113573421|Q113573421]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25
| ''[[:d:Q113573421|1942 German Balkline-45/2 Championship]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q126046678|Q126046678]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<br/>1942-01-17
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-17<br/>1942-02-16
| ''[[:d:Q126046678|Muharram 1361 AH]]''
| ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q129076438|Q129076438]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-10
| ''[[:d:Q129076438|Republic of Foča]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11192275|Liberated territories of Yugoslavia in World War II]]''
|
|-
| [[:d:Q138747844|Q138747844]]
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18
| data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17
| ''[[:d:Q138747844|Campionat de Catalunya d'hoquei sobre patins 1942]]''
| ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]''
|
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}
hts9wvvghf22ye3fr5fo7huzvzgcg57
Usator:UrielAcosta
2
43671
699790
697672
2026-09-09T22:17:30Z
UrielAcosta
31278
/* */
699790
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[File:Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) bounding across a lawn in Central Park 2018.jpeg|thumb|720px|[[Sciurus carolinensis|Sciuro gris oriental]] saltante trans le herba in [[Central Park|Central Park]]]]
Isto es mi pagina in interlingua.
* [[:es:Usuario:UrielAcosta|Mi página en español]]<br/>
* [[:pt:Usu%C3%A1rio(a):UrielAcosta|Minha página no português]]
* [[:en:User:UrielAcosta|My page in English]]<br/>
* [[:sco:Uiser:UrielAcosta|Ma page in Scots]]<br/>
{{userbox
| border-c = #adadee
| border-s = 0
| id = {{{id|✡}}}
| id-c = #e9e9ff
| id-fc = blue
| id-op = font-size:xx-large;
| info = Iste usator es '''[[judeo|judee]]'''
| info-s = 12
| info-c = #fafaff
| usercategory = <includeonly>Jewish Wikipedians</includeonly>
| nocat = {{{nocat|}}}
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Jews and Judaism user templates|Jew]]</noinclude>
<div>
{{clear}}
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| border-s = 1
| id = [[Image:Anarchy-symbol-red.svg|42px]]
| id-c = #000000
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| info = Iste usator es un '''[[Anarchismo|<span style="color:Yellow">anarchista</span>]]'''
| info-c = #000000
| info-fc = #ffffff
| info-s = 12
| info-op = text-align:center;
| usercategory =
| nocat = {{{nocat|}}}
}}<noinclude>[[Category:Political user templates|Anarchist]]</noinclude>
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{{userbox
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| id = [[Image:Frederick Douglass at the New York Historical Society 25 (cropped).jpg|65px]]
| id-c = Goldenrod
| id-fc = #000000
| id-s = 12
| info = Iste usator recognosce que '''[[Black Lives Matter|Vitas Nigre Importa]]'''.
| info-c = Goldenrod
| info-fc = White
| info-s = 12
| info-op = text-align:center;
| usercategory =
| nocat = {{{nocat|}}}
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<noinclude>
[[Category:Political user templates]]
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{{Clear}}
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</div>
{{Clear}}
{{Userbox
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|border-s = 0
|info-c = #CE2029
|info-s = 12
|info-fc = white
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|id = [[File:Gaza Strip map2 heb.svg|50px]]
|id-c = black
|info = Iste usator oppone le crimines de guerra de Netanyahu in Gaza</span>}}
{{userbox
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| id = [[Image:Ashjian family, killed in Armenian genocide 1915.jpg|108px]]
| id-c = #ffffff
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| info = Iste usator oppone le denegation del '''[[Genocidio armenie|<span style="color:Yellow">Genocidio armenie</span>]]'''.
| info-c = Blue
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| nocat = {{{nocat|}}}
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<noinclude>
[[Category:Political user templates]]
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{{clear}}
[[Special:Auth_central/UrielAcosta|Io ha plus que 85,000 editiones in tote le wikis]], includente le wikipedias in [[:en:|anglese]] (ubi io ha plus que 55,000 modificationes), [[:ia:|interlingua]] (10,000+), [[:pt:|portugese]] (7000+) e [[:es:|espaniol]] (3000+), e in [[:commons:|wikicommons]] (8000+) e [[:wikidata:|wikidata]] (1000+).
Le photos in iste pagina (includente le duo in le userboxes), son de mi contributiones a wikicommons.
</div>
[[File:Cathedral of John the Divine sculpture sitting chimp 3 - Ape & Angel.jpg|left|thumb
|Simia e angelo al ''Fontana de Pace'' ([[Wikidata:Q7157367|d]])]]
[[File:Rainbow over Malcolm X Boulevard.jpg|thumb|[[Iride]] supra Malcolm X Blvd ([[:wikidata:Q6523155|d]]), [[New York City|NYC]]]]
[[File:Looking west across the Pool in Central Park 16.jpg|thumb|The Pool in [[Central Park]] in [[Manhattan]], ~150 metros de mi appartamento]]
[[File:Canada goose in Central Park 1.png|left|thumb|[[Branta canadensis|Ansere canadian]] in The Pool, [[Central Park]], [[Manhattan]], New York City]]
[[File:Angel, horse & Sherman at Grand Army Plaza in Manhattan 02.jpg|thumb|Central Park South in New York City]]
[[File:Anais Nin inscriptio to Marjorie Anais Housepian Dobkin.jpg|thumb|left|''Le Diario de Anaïs Nin'' inscribite per [[:ia:Anaïs Nin|Anaïs Nin]] a [[:ia:Marjorie Housepian Dobkin|Marjorie Anaïs Housepian]]]][[File:Judith Malina on the grounds of the Actors Fund Home in Englewood NJ circa 2014 photographed by Jay Dobkin.jpeg|thumb|Mi amica [[:ia:Judith Malina|Judith Malina]], fundator e director de [[:ia:The Living Theatre|The Living Theatre]]]]
{{Babel|interlingua|en-N|ia-3|pt-3|es-3|fr-2|la-1}}
{{clear}}
{{Usator wikiia}}
<!--
In le passato io alsi contribueva como [[Special:Contributiones/2607:FB90:246A:EE16:D17D:8FD8:9F22:112A]]
gn1glgkkspmds1zqbt697fqd59d7isa
Extremadura
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2026-09-09T15:03:55Z
Interlingvisto
60932
/* Paleolithico superior */
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|miniatura|sinistra|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|miniatura|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.C. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|miniatura|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Ruíz Moreno |nombre1=Manuel Jesús |título=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura |fecha=28 de septembre de 2014 |isbn=978-84-608-1848-9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|miniatura|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{VT|Provincia de Estremadura|Estremadurano (linguistica)}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebelión campesina extremeña|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Cañada|nomine1=Manuel|ligamineautor1=Manuel Cañada|titulo= Otra Extemadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Espinosa|nomine1=Francisco|ligamineautor1=Francisco Espinosa|titulo=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura|estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volumine=1|pagina=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volumine=1|pagina=23|nomine=Manuel de|cognomine=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{citation de libro|titulo=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|anno=1783|pagina=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volumine=2|anno=1814|paginas=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|nomine=Alexandre Louis Joseph|cognomine=Laborde|anno=1826|location=Valencia|paginas=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Día de Extremadura|Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI} ====
[[File:Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra 2007 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], presidente del [[Junta de Extremadura]] de 1982 a 2007]]
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Día de las Lenguas de Extremadura|Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|miniatura|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Ruíz Moreno |nombre1=Manuel Jesús |título=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura |fecha=28 de septembre de 2014 |isbn=978-84-608-1848-9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|miniatura|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{VT|Provincia de Estremadura|Estremadurano (linguistica)}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebelión campesina extremeña|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Cañada|nomine1=Manuel|ligamineautor1=Manuel Cañada|titulo= Otra Extemadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Espinosa|nomine1=Francisco|ligamineautor1=Francisco Espinosa|titulo=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura|estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volumine=1|pagina=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volumine=1|pagina=23|nomine=Manuel de|cognomine=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{citation de libro|titulo=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|anno=1783|pagina=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volumine=2|anno=1814|paginas=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|nomine=Alexandre Louis Joseph|cognomine=Laborde|anno=1826|location=Valencia|paginas=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Día de Extremadura|Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Día de las Lenguas de Extremadura|Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|miniatura|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Ruíz Moreno |nombre1=Manuel Jesús |título=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura |fecha=28 de septembre de 2014 |isbn=978-84-608-1848-9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|miniatura|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{VT|Provincia de Estremadura|Estremadurano (linguistica)}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Cañada|nomine1=Manuel|ligamineautor1=Manuel Cañada|titulo= Otra Extemadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Espinosa|nomine1=Francisco|ligamineautor1=Francisco Espinosa|titulo=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volumine=1|pagina=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volumine=1|pagina=23|nomine=Manuel de|cognomine=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{citation de libro|titulo=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|anno=1783|pagina=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volumine=2|anno=1814|paginas=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|nomine=Alexandre Louis Joseph|cognomine=Laborde|anno=1826|location=Valencia|paginas=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Ruíz Moreno |nombre1=Manuel Jesús |título=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura |fecha=28 de septembre de 2014 |isbn=978-84-608-1848-9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|miniatura|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{VT|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano (linguistica)}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Cañada|nomine1=Manuel|ligamineautor1=Manuel Cañada|titulo= Otra Extemadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Espinosa|nomine1=Francisco|ligamineautor1=Francisco Espinosa|titulo=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volumine=1|pagina=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volumine=1|pagina=23|nomine=Manuel de|cognomine=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{citation de libro|titulo=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|anno=1783|pagina=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volumine=2|anno=1814|paginas=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|nomine=Alexandre Louis Joseph|cognomine=Laborde|anno=1826|location=Valencia|paginas=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Ruíz Moreno |nombre1=Manuel Jesús |título=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura |fecha=28 de septembre de 2014 |isbn=978-84-608-1848-9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{VT|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano (linguistica)}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Cañada|nomine1=Manuel|ligamineautor1=Manuel Cañada|titulo= Otra Extemadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Espinosa|nomine1=Francisco|ligamineautor1=Francisco Espinosa|titulo=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volumine=1|pagina=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volumine=1|pagina=23|nomine=Manuel de|cognomine=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{citation de libro|titulo=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|anno=1783|pagina=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volumine=2|anno=1814|paginas=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|nomine=Alexandre Louis Joseph|cognomine=Laborde|anno=1826|location=Valencia|paginas=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Ruíz Moreno |nombre1=Manuel Jesús |título=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura |fecha=28 de septembre de 2014 |isbn=978-84-608-1848-9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Cañada|nomine1=Manuel|ligamineautor1=Manuel Cañada|titulo= Otra Extemadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|cognomine1=Espinosa|nomine1=Francisco|ligamineautor1=Francisco Espinosa|titulo=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|data=2020|paginas=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volumine=1|pagina=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volumine=1|pagina=23|nomine=Manuel de|cognomine=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{citation de libro|titulo=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|anno=1783|pagina=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volumine=2|anno=1814|paginas=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de libro|titulo=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|nomine=Alexandre Louis Joseph|cognomine=Laborde|anno=1826|location=Valencia|paginas=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Ruíz Moreno |nombre1=Manuel Jesús |título=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura |fecha=28 de septembre de 2014 |isbn=978-84-608-1848-9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Sánchez Marroyo |nombre1=Fernando |título=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874) |publicación=Revista de estudios extremeños, |fecha=2013 |volumen=Vol. 69, Nº 1, |páginas=141-206 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite publication|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|publication=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{citation de publication|titulo=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volumine=tomo CLXXIV|numero=2|anno=1977|pagina=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{Cita libro|apellidos1=Suárez |nombre1=Luis |título=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo |fecha=2012 |editorial=Ariel |ubicación=Madrid |isbn=9788434400252 |página=11 |url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite publication|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|publication=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite publication|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite publication|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|publication=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite publication|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{Cita publicación|apellidos1=Agut |nombre1=Nieves |título=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara |publicación=El Periódico de Extremadura |fecha=27 de januario de 2013 |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{Citation web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|titulo=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|data-de-accesso=2025-09-26|cognomine=Conde|nomine=Jesús|data=2018-06-10|sitioweb=ElDiario.es|lingua=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[Archivo:La-vera.JPG|miniatura|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[Archivo:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|miniatura|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[Archivo:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|miniatura|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[Archivo:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|miniatura|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|miniatura|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|miniatura|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|miniatura|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|miniatura|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|miniatura|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|miniatura|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|miniatura|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|miniatura|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|miniatura|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|miniatura|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|miniatura|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|miniatura|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|miniatura|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|miniatura|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|miniatura|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
{{See also|Anexo:Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura|l1=Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura}}
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|miniatura|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
; Monumentos natural
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Mina La Jayona]]
* [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]
* [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]]
* [[Cueva de Castañar de Ibor]]
* [[El Berrocal de La Data]]
}}
; Zonas de interesse regional
[[File:05 Hornachos.JPG|miniatura|[[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]]]
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Llanos de Cáceres]]
* [[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]
* [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|Sierra de San Pedro]]
* [[Reservoir de Orellana|Reservoir de Orellana]] e [[sierra de Pela]]
* [[Tierra de Barros]]
* [[Sierra de Tentudía]]
}}
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
{{See also|Anexo:Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura|l1=Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura}}
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
; Monumentos natural
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Mina La Jayona]]
* [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]
* [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]]
* [[Cueva de Castañar de Ibor]]
* [[El Berrocal de La Data]]
}}
; Zonas de interesse regional
[[File:05 Hornachos.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]]]
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Llanos de Cáceres]]
* [[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]
* [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|Sierra de San Pedro]]
* [[Reservoir de Orellana|Reservoir de Orellana]] e [[sierra de Pela]]
* [[Tierra de Barros]]
* [[Sierra de Tentudía]]
}}
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
{{Vide etiam|Anexo:Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura|l1=Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura}}
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
; Monumentos natural
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Mina La Jayona]]
* [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]
* [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]]
* [[Cueva de Castañar de Ibor]]
* [[El Berrocal de La Data]]
}}
; Zonas de interesse regional
[[File:05 Hornachos.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]]]
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Llanos de Cáceres]]
* [[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]
* [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|Sierra de San Pedro]]
* [[Reservoir de Orellana|Reservoir de Orellana]] e [[sierra de Pela]]
* [[Tierra de Barros]]
* [[Sierra de Tentudía]]
}}
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
{{Vide etiam|Anexo:Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura|l1=Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura}}
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
; Monumentos natural
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Mina La Jayona]]
* [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]
* [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]]
* [[Cueva de Castañar de Ibor]]
* [[El Berrocal de La Data]]
}}
; Zonas de interesse regional
[[File:05 Hornachos.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]]]
{{columns-list|2|
* [[Llanos de Cáceres]]
* [[Sierra Grande de Hornachos]]
* [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|Sierra de San Pedro]]
* [[Reservoir de Orellana|Reservoir de Orellana]] e [[sierra de Pela]]
* [[Tierra de Barros]]
* [[Sierra de Tentudía]]
}}
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
{{Vide etiam|Anexo:Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura|l1=Espacios naturales protegidos de Extremadura}}
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] ({{siglo|XIII||s}}), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del {{siglo|XVII||s}}), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al {{siglo|XII||s}} in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremeñ es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Dimension del imagine: largor, altitude
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Dimension del graphico mesme intra le imagine: largor, altitude, margine sinistre, margine dextere
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato del datas = cifra del anno, m = cifra del mense, d = cifra del die
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Periodo representate: ab, usque a
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientation del axe temporal: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Scala
# Non se nota quando duo phrases se collide, ergo il debe mover los manualmente con le variabile $dx
Define $dx = 5 # displaciar le texto verso le latere dextere del barra
PlotData=
#barra, color, largor, ?, alignmento, grandor del typo (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Lideres color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#ab usque a, displaciamento($dx, pixeles), texto e ligamine
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
| !Municipios |
| ------------ |
| Cáceres |
| 19 868 km² |
| 388 190 hab. |
| 223 |
| - |
| Badajoz |
| 21 766 km² |
| 665 155 hab. |
| 165 |
| } |
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremeñ es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
{{columns-list|3|
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
}}
;Provincia de Cáceres
{{columns-list|3|
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
}}
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] ({{siglo|XIII||s}}), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del {{siglo|XVII||s}}), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al {{siglo|XII||s}} in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremeñ es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
| !Municipios |
| ------------ |
| Cáceres |
| 19 868 km² |
| 388 190 hab. |
| 223 |
| - |
| Badajoz |
| 21 766 km² |
| 665 155 hab. |
| 165 |
| } |
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremeñ es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
{{columns-list|3|
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
}}
;Provincia de Cáceres
{{columns-list|3|
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
}}
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] ({{siglo|XIII||s}}), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del {{siglo|XVII||s}}), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al {{siglo|XII||s}} in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremeñ es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremeñ es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
{{columns-list|3|
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
}}
;Provincia de Cáceres
{{columns-list|3|
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
}}
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] ({{siglo|XIII||s}}), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del {{siglo|XVII||s}}), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al {{siglo|XII||s}} in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremeñ es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremeñ es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
{{columns-list|3|
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
}}
;Provincia de Cáceres
{{columns-list|3|
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
}}
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central Extremen es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremen con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremen es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremen es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del {{siglo|XX||s}}.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] ({{siglo|XIII||s}}), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del {{siglo|XVII||s}}), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al {{siglo|XII||s}} in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremeñ es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremeñ es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14{{esd}}% del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le {{esd|100 000}} habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de {{esd|50 000}} habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de {{esd|10 000}}: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67{{esd}}% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de {{esd|50 000}} habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55{{esd}}% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa {{unidad|50|hab/km²}}. Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa {{unidad|40|hab/km²}}. Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera {{unidad|20|hab/km²}}.
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
{{Graphico de evolution
|type=demographic
|width=850
|position=center|1842|626052|1857|707115|1877|739403|1887|821301|1900|882410|1910|991335|1920|1064318|1930|1153145|1940|1258055|1950|1366780|1960|1406329|1970|1169396|1981|1064968|1991|1061852|2000|1069420|2010|1107220|2020|1063987|notes=Fonte: Instituto National de Statistica de Espania - Elaboration graphic per Wikipedia<ref>INEbase. In linea: http://www.ine.es/intercensal/ Consultate le 23 de junio 2011. Le cifra total es le resultato del addition del population del duo provincias. Quando on ha le population de facto e de jure, on ha prendite le cifra plus alte.</ref>}}
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14{{esd}}% del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le {{esd|100 000}} habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de {{esd|50 000}} habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de {{esd|10 000}}: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67{{esd}}% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de {{esd|50 000}} habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55{{esd}}% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa {{unidad|50|hab/km²}}. Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km²}}.
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km².
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km².
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Economia ==
[[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]]
Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}}
[[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]]
Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de {{esd|400 000}} personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref>
[[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]]
In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region.
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km².
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Economia ==
[[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]]
Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}}
[[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]]
Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de {{esd|400 000}} personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref>
[[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]]
In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region.
== Infrastructure e servicios ==
=== Education ===
In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref>
Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" />
=== Energia ===
[[Archivo:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|miniatura|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]]
Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref>
In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]].
=== Transporto ===
{{See also|Categoria:Transporto de Extremadura}}
==== Rete routier ====
{{See also|Rete de Carreteras de Extremadura}}
Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]].
===== Autovias =====
Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es:
<center>
{| class=wikitable
! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[Archivo:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> ''' A-41 '''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[Archivo:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]]
|}
</center>
Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es:
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio)
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23 735
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|}
</center>
[[Archivo:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|miniatura|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]]
In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia.
==== Transporto public ====
===== Autobuses =====
In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php |date=20081119090332 }}.</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Wayback|url=http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Wayback|url=http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=20100923011108 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666# |date=20120704061617 }} — Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus.
===== Ferrovias =====
Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref>
Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es:
[[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]]
{{columns-list|2|
;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]]
* [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]]
* [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]]
* [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]]
* [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]]
* [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial)
* [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio)
* [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]]
* [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]]
;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial)
}}
===== Aeroporto =====
Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref>
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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{{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}}
'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km².
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Economia ==
[[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]]
Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}}
[[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]]
Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de {{esd|400 000}} personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref>
[[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]]
In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region.
== Infrastructure e servicios ==
=== Education ===
In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref>
Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" />
=== Energia ===
[[Archivo:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|miniatura|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]]
Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref>
In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]].
=== Transporto ===
==== Rete routier ====
Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]].
===== Autovias =====
Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es:
<center>
{| class=wikitable
! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[Archivo:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> ''' A-41 '''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[Archivo:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]]
|}
</center>
Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es:
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio)
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23 735
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|}
</center>
[[Archivo:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|miniatura|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]]
In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia.
==== Transporto public ====
===== Autobuses =====
In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php |date=20081119090332 }}.</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Wayback|url=http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Wayback|url=http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=20100923011108 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666# |date=20120704061617 }} — Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus.
===== Ferrovias =====
Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref>
Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es:
[[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]]
{{columns-list|2|
;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]]
* [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]]
* [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]]
* [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]]
* [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]]
* [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial)
* [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio)
* [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]]
* [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]]
;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial)
}}
===== Aeroporto =====
Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref>
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
<center>
<timeline>
#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto
PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho
DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día.
Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala
# No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay
# que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx
Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData=
#barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL)
bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M
#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km².
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Economia ==
[[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]]
Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}}
[[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]]
Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de {{esd|400 000}} personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref>
[[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]]
In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region.
== Infrastructure e servicios ==
=== Education ===
In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref>
Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" />
=== Energia ===
[[Archivo:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|miniatura|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]]
Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref>
In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]].
=== Transporto ===
==== Rete routier ====
Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]].
===== Autovias =====
Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es:
<center>
{| class=wikitable
! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[Archivo:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> ''' A-41 '''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[Archivo:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]]
|-
| <center>[[Archivo:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]]
|}
</center>
Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es:
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio)
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23 735
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[Archivo:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|}
</center>
[[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]]
In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia.
==== Transporto public ====
===== Autobuses =====
In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php |date=20081119090332 }}.</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Wayback|url=http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Wayback|url=http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=20100923011108 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666# |date=20120704061617 }} — Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus.
===== Ferrovias =====
Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref>
Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es:
[[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]]
{{columns-list|2|
;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]]
* [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]]
* [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]]
* [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]]
* [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]]
* [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial)
* [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio)
* [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]]
* [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]]
;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial)
}}
===== Aeroporto =====
Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref>
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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'''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud).
Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura.
Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe.
Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation.
== Historia ==
=== Prehistoria ===
Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.
==== Paleolithico inferior ====
Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.
==== Paleolithico medie ====
Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.
==== Paleolithico superior ====
[[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]]
Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo".
==== Neolithico ====
Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.
[[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]]
Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].
[[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]]
A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.
Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.
==== Chalcolitico ====
Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.
=== Extremadura preroman ===
[[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]]
Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.
=== Extremadura roman ===
[[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]]
Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.
[[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]]
Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].
[[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.
=== Etate Media ===
[[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]]
Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremen. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.
[[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]]
Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].
;Extremadura leonese
Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
;Extremadura castilian
[[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]]
De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/>
==== Provincia de Estremadura ====
{{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}}
Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref>
=== Epocha Moderne ===
==== Seculo XVI ====
[[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]]
{{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}}
Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].
[[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]]
Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref>
Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.
==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ====
[[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]]
[[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]]
Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].
[[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]]
Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.
In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto.
Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic.
=== Etate Contemporanee ===
==== Seculo XIX ====
[[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]]
Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref>
In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.
==== Seculo XX ====
Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremenio]], e in [[Extremeño (lingüística)|lingua extremenia]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].
Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremen|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref>
[[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremenios con le pugno levate (1936)]]
Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].
[[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]]
Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref>
Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].
Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura.
Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information.
==== Seculo XXI ====
Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol.
Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato.
Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref>
== Geographia ==
Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]].
=== Relievo ===
[[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremen]]
Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura.
Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]].
[[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]]
Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]].
Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos.
In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc.
[[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]]
[[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]]
Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west.
Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]].
Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
=== Hydrographia ===
[[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]]
[[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]]
Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region.
Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia.
==== Systemas montaniose ====
Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia.
==== Cuenca del Tajo ====
Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es:
* Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]].
* Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]].
Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central Extremen. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie.
==== Cuenca del Guadiana ====
[[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]]
Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit.
A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]].
[[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]]
A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]].
==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ====
Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]].
=== Clima ===
[[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]]
Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante.
[[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]]
Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo.
[[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]]
Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude.
Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region.
Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C.
Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate.
=== Vegetation ===
[[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]]
Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]].
[[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]]
Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas.
In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento.
Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX.
=== Spatios natural protegite ===
[[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]]
[[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]]
Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves.
; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara
Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional.
; Parque national de Monfragüe
Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref>
; Parcos natural
Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]].
* [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha.
* [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha.
; Reservas natural
[[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]]
* [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994.
; Paisages protegite
* [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]]
== Governo e politica ==
=== Antecedentes ===
Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente).
Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390.
=== Poter legislative ===
[[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]]
Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]].
Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]].
=== Poter executive ===
[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremeñ, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura.
Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]].
;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura
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#Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles
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#desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace
from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]]
from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]]
from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]]
from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]]
from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]
from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]]
</timeline></center>
=== Organisation territorial ===
==== Provincias ====
Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]).
Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Provincia
!Superficie
!Population<ref name="censo INE" />
!Municipios
|-
|Cáceres
|19 868 km²
|388 190 hab.
|223
|-
|Badajoz
|21 766 km²
|665 155 hab.
|165
|}
==== Municipios ====
[[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]]
Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media.
Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km².
Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra.
==== Districtos judicial ====
[[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]]
Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref>
==== Mancomunitates integral ====
{{See also|Annexo:Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura|l1=Mancomunitates integral de Extremadura}}
Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html
|title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma
|access-date= 14 de augusto 2017
|author = Robustillo, Araceli
|date= 6 de februario 2011
|work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]
|quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite.
;Provincia de Badajoz
[[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]]
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
;Provincia de Badajoz
# Centro
# [[Cijara]]
# [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]]
# [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]]
# [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]]
# [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]]
# [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]]
# [[La Siberia|Siberia]]
# [[Sierra Suroeste]]
# [[Tentudía]]
# Tierra de Barros
# [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]]
# [[Vegas Bajas]]
# [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]]
</div>
;Provincia de Cáceres
<div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;">
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]]
# [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]]
# [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]]
# [[Las Hurdes]]
# [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]]
# [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]]
# [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]]
# [[Valle del Jerte]]
# [[La Vera]]
# [[Valle del Alagón]]
# [[Riberos del Tajo]]
# [[Campo Arañuelo]]
# [[Las Villuercas]]
</div>
In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]].
A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official.
== Demographia ==
=== Population e densitate ===
[[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]]
Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania.
Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]].
Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km².
=== Evolution del population ===
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]]
[[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]]
A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremeñ, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8{{esd}}% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes.
A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX ({{esd|1 379 072}} habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremeños esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45{{esd}}% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe.
Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, {{esd|729 532}} extremeños viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref>
Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a {{unidad|5|hab/km²}}. Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori.
Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio.
=== Distribution ===
[[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]]
In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello.
Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]].
In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]].
In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural.
[[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]]
Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate.
Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros.
Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc.
==== Systema urban ====
[[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]]
Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025):
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Position
! Municipio
! N.º de habitantes
|-
| 1.º
| [[Badajoz]]
| 150 209
|-
| 2.º
| [[Cáceres]]
| 96 651
|-
| 3.º
| [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]
| 60 225
|-
| 4.º
| [[Plasencia]]
| 40 132
|-
| 5.º
| [[Don Benito]]
| 37 986
|-
| 6.º
| [[Almendralejo]]
| 34 587
|-
| 7.º
| [[Villanueva de la Serena]]
| 25 773
|-
| 8.º
| [[Navalmoral de la Mata]]
| 17 352
|-
| 9.º
| [[Zafra]]
| 16 735
|-
| 10.º
| [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]
| 15 198
|-
| 11.º
| [[Villafranca de los Barros]]
| 12 284
|-
| 12.º
| [[Coria]]
| 12 001
|-
| 13.º
| [[Olivenza]]
| 11 789
|-
| 14.º
| [[Miajadas]]
| 9396
|-
| 15.º
| [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]
| 9095
|-
| 16.º
| [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]
| 8611
|-
| 17.º
| [[Los Santos de Maimona]]
| 8088
|-
| 18.º
| [[Azuaga]]
| 7587
|-
| 19.º
| [[Talayuela]]
| 7439
|}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]].
Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882).
=== Immigration ===
In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile.
== Economia ==
[[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]]
Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}}
[[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]]
Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de {{esd|400 000}} personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref>
[[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]]
In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region.
== Infrastructure e servicios ==
=== Education ===
In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref>
Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" />
=== Energia ===
[[Archivo:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|miniatura|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]]
Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref>
In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]].
=== Transporto ===
==== Rete routier ====
Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]].
===== Autovias =====
Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es:
<center>
{| class=wikitable
! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario
|-
| <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]]
|-
| <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> ''' A-41 '''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]]
|-
| <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]]
|-
| <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]]
|-
| <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]]
|-
| <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]]
|}
</center>
Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es:
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude
|----
|<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio)
|----
|<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23 735
|----
|<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto
|----
|}
</center>
[[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]]
In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia.
==== Transporto public ====
===== Autobuses =====
In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php |date=20081119090332 }}.</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Wayback|url=http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Wayback|url=http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=20100923011108 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666# |date=20120704061617 }} — Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus.
===== Ferrovias =====
Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref>
Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es:
[[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]]
{{columns-list|2|
;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]]
* [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]]
* [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]]
* [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]]
* [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]]
* [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial)
* [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio)
* [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]]
* [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]]
;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]])
* [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial)
}}
===== Aeroporto =====
Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref>
== Notas ==
<references group="n."/>
{{Ref}}
{{Communitates Autonome de Espania}}
[[Categoria:Extremadura]]
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Usator:Interlingvisto
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/* Articulos facite e meliorate */
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{{Babel|ia-2}}
Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic.
== Articulos facite e meliorate ==
* [[Figura de collina]]
* [[Interdisciplinaritate]]
* [[San Marino]]
* [[Solutionismo]]
* [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]]
* [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]]
* [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]]
* [[Universitate de Madrid]]
* [[Philosophia continental]]
* [[Philosophia occidental]]
* [[Philosophia oriental]]
* [[Niendorfer Gehege]]
* [[Ugo Foscolo]]
* [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Immanuel Kant]]
* [[Friedrich Schiller]]
* [[Logistica]]
* [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]]
* [[Terence McKenna]]
* [[Edith Södergran]]
* [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]]
* [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]]
* [[Phindu Zaie Banda]]
* [[Hebban olla vogala]]
* [[Litteratura del Renascentia]]
* [[Juan José Flores]]
* [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]]
* [[Revolution francese]]
* [[Provincia de Badajoz]]
* [[Julián Méndez]]
[[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]]
[[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]]
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Interlingvisto
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/* Articulos facite e meliorate */
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Babel|ia-2}}
Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic.
== Articulos facite e meliorate ==
* [[Figura de collina]]
* [[Interdisciplinaritate]]
* [[San Marino]]
* [[Solutionismo]]
* [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]]
* [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]]
* [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]]
* [[Universitate de Madrid]]
* [[Philosophia continental]]
* [[Philosophia occidental]]
* [[Philosophia oriental]]
* [[Niendorfer Gehege]]
* [[Ugo Foscolo]]
* [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Immanuel Kant]]
* [[Friedrich Schiller]]
* [[Logistica]]
* [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]]
* [[Terence McKenna]]
* [[Edith Södergran]]
* [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]]
* [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]]
* [[Phindu Zaie Banda]]
* [[Hebban olla vogala]]
* [[Litteratura del Renascentia]]
* [[Juan José Flores]]
* [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]]
* [[Revolution francese]]
* [[Provincia de Badajoz]]
* [[Julián Méndez]]
* [[Extremadura]]
[[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]]
[[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]]
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699798
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Interlingvisto
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699798
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Babel|ia-2}}
Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic.
== Articulos facite e meliorate ==
* [[Figura de collina]]
* [[Interdisciplinaritate]]
* [[San Marino]]
* [[Solutionismo]]
* [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]]
* [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]]
* [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]]
* [[Universitate de Madrid]]
* [[Philosophia continental]]
* [[Philosophia occidental]]
* [[Philosophia oriental]]
* [[Niendorfer Gehege]]
* [[Ugo Foscolo]]
* [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]]
* [[Friedrich Schiller]]
* [[Logistica]]
* [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]]
* [[Terence McKenna]]
* [[Edith Södergran]]
* [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]]
* [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]]
* [[Phindu Zaie Banda]]
* [[Hebban olla vogala]]
* [[Litteratura del Renascentia]]
* [[Juan José Flores]]
* [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]]
* [[Revolution francese]]
* [[Provincia de Badajoz]]
* [[Julián Méndez]]
* [[Extremadura]]
[[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]]
[[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]]
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Julián Méndez
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Interlingvisto
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Pagina create con “'''Julian Mendez''' (nascite in [[1973]] in [[Argentina]]) es un informatico, disveloppator de software e activista de [[Interlingua]], residente in [[Svedia]]. Ille es secretario general del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua|Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI)]] desde le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="UMI-consilio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/ |title=Le direction del UMI |publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua |access-date=2026-09-09 }}</ref>...”
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'''Julian Mendez''' (nascite in [[1973]] in [[Argentina]]) es un informatico, disveloppator de software e activista de [[Interlingua]], residente in [[Svedia]]. Ille es secretario general del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua|Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI)]] desde le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="UMI-consilio">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/
|title=Le direction del UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Biographia e formation ==
Mendez es de nascentia argentino e vive in Svedia. Secundo le UMI, ille faceva studios de maestro in [[logica computational]] in le Libere Universitate de Bolzano-Bozen in [[Italia]], pois continuava su formation al [[Universitate Technic de Dresden]] in [[Germania]]. Ille ha studiate e laborate in le campo del representation del cognoscentia e del [[logica de description]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
Le pagina official de Umeå University indica que Mendez es actualmente candidato al doctorato al [[Universitate de Umeå]], ubi ille labora como ''research engineer'' al Department of Computing Science e es membro del gruppo de ''Responsible Artificial Intelligence''.<ref name="UMU">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Umeå University
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Ille ha anque studiate al Universitate Technic de Dresden in le campo de logica computational. Le pagina de alumni del universitate indica su formation in ''Computational Logic'' e su actual affiliation con Umeå University.<ref name="TUD">{{Cite web
|url=https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634
|title=Mendez, Julian — Studies
|publisher=Technische Universität Dresden
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Activitate scientific ==
Le principal dominio de recerca de Mendez es le [[representation del cognoscentia]] e le [[logica de description]]. Secundo su pagina academic, ille labora actualmente super formalismos logic applicate al ethica pro [[intelligentia artificial]]. Ille es membro del programma Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software e dirige le cluster de ''Explainable AI''.<ref name="UMU" />
Inter le temas de su recerca figura le representation formal e visual de conceptos como le [[equitate]] in intelligentia artificial e le verification de systemas multi-agente. Su publicationes include collaborationes con Timotheus Kampik e altere investigadores in iste campos.<ref name="Mendez-research">{{Cite web
|url=https://julianmendez.github.io/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su pagina de recerca lista, inter altere obras, un articulo de 2025 super le specification e operationalisation de un metamodelo de equitate e un contribution super le verification de systemas multi-agente per assistentes de provas.<ref name="Mendez-research" />
== Activitate in le movimento interlinguista ==
Mendez ha un rol importante in le [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]], le principal organisation international dedicate al promotion de [[Interlingua]]. Ille esseva nominate secretario general del UMI le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="Panorama2014">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/panorama/indices/anno_2014/
|title=Panorama in interlingua — indice 2014
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2022, post le reorganisamento del UMI e le creation de un nove Consilio de Administration, Mendez esseva eligite membro del consilio pro un periodo de tres annos e continuava como secretario general.<ref name="UMI2022">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2022-11-17-consilio/
|title=Consilieros continua in le nove UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref> Le pagina actual del UMI continua a listar Mendez como secretario general.<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
In iste function, ille ha participate in le organisation de conferentias, cursos e altere activitates international in interlingua. Durante le 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2023, ille esseva mentionate como secretario general, instructor de cursos de conversation e coordinatore de sessiones super Wikipedia in interlingua e ChatGPT.<ref name="Conf2023">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2023/programma/
|title=Programma — 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2026, Mendez presentava in nomine del UMI le nove bandiera official de Interlingua, introducite durante le celebrationes del 75e anniversario del lingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2026-01-16-interlingua-75-annos-bandiera/
|title=Presentation del bandiera official de interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Wikipedia in interlingua ==
Mendez ha anque essite active in le [[Wikipedia in interlingua]]. Le programma del 23e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2019 lo identifica como co-administrator del Wikipedia in interlingua e como coordinatore de talleres dedicate al redaction de articulos in le encyclopedia.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2019/programme/
|title=Programme — 23rd International Interlingua Conference
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su activitate in le projecto ha includite le mantenimento e disveloppamento del infrastructura del wiki e le creation e melioramento de articulos. Le archives de Wikimedia anque documenta activitate de un usator con le nomine ''Julian Mendez'' in relation con le Wikipedia in interlingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Julian_Mendez
|title=User talk:Julian Mendez
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Linguas ==
Secundo le UMI, Mendez parla [[Interlingua]], [[anglese]], [[espaniol]] e [[italiano]], e apprende [[germano]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
== Referentias ==
{{References}}
== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://julianmendez.github.io/ Pagina web official]
* [https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/ Pagina de Julian Alfredo Mendez al Umeå University]
* [https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/ Le direction del UMI]
* [https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634 Profil de alumni al Technische Universität Dresden]
[[Categoria:Personas nascite in 1973]]
[[Categoria:Argentinos]]
[[Categoria:Informaticos]]
[[Categoria:Interlinguistas]]
[[Categoria:Personas associate con Interlingua]]
[[Categoria:Wikipedia in interlingua]]
7it6yz945v6wp7dc2eu1o8kysxyet98
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/* Referentias */
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Julian Mendez''' (nascite in [[1973]] in [[Argentina]]) es un informatico, disveloppator de software e activista de [[Interlingua]], residente in [[Svedia]]. Ille es secretario general del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua|Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI)]] desde le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="UMI-consilio">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/
|title=Le direction del UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Biographia e formation ==
Mendez es de nascentia argentino e vive in Svedia. Secundo le UMI, ille faceva studios de maestro in [[logica computational]] in le Libere Universitate de Bolzano-Bozen in [[Italia]], pois continuava su formation al [[Universitate Technic de Dresden]] in [[Germania]]. Ille ha studiate e laborate in le campo del representation del cognoscentia e del [[logica de description]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
Le pagina official de Umeå University indica que Mendez es actualmente candidato al doctorato al [[Universitate de Umeå]], ubi ille labora como ''research engineer'' al Department of Computing Science e es membro del gruppo de ''Responsible Artificial Intelligence''.<ref name="UMU">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Umeå University
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Ille ha anque studiate al Universitate Technic de Dresden in le campo de logica computational. Le pagina de alumni del universitate indica su formation in ''Computational Logic'' e su actual affiliation con Umeå University.<ref name="TUD">{{Cite web
|url=https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634
|title=Mendez, Julian — Studies
|publisher=Technische Universität Dresden
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Activitate scientific ==
Le principal dominio de recerca de Mendez es le [[representation del cognoscentia]] e le [[logica de description]]. Secundo su pagina academic, ille labora actualmente super formalismos logic applicate al ethica pro [[intelligentia artificial]]. Ille es membro del programma Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software e dirige le cluster de ''Explainable AI''.<ref name="UMU" />
Inter le temas de su recerca figura le representation formal e visual de conceptos como le [[equitate]] in intelligentia artificial e le verification de systemas multi-agente. Su publicationes include collaborationes con Timotheus Kampik e altere investigadores in iste campos.<ref name="Mendez-research">{{Cite web
|url=https://julianmendez.github.io/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su pagina de recerca lista, inter altere obras, un articulo de 2025 super le specification e operationalisation de un metamodelo de equitate e un contribution super le verification de systemas multi-agente per assistentes de provas.<ref name="Mendez-research" />
== Activitate in le movimento interlinguista ==
Mendez ha un rol importante in le [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]], le principal organisation international dedicate al promotion de [[Interlingua]]. Ille esseva nominate secretario general del UMI le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="Panorama2014">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/panorama/indices/anno_2014/
|title=Panorama in interlingua — indice 2014
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2022, post le reorganisamento del UMI e le creation de un nove Consilio de Administration, Mendez esseva eligite membro del consilio pro un periodo de tres annos e continuava como secretario general.<ref name="UMI2022">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2022-11-17-consilio/
|title=Consilieros continua in le nove UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref> Le pagina actual del UMI continua a listar Mendez como secretario general.<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
In iste function, ille ha participate in le organisation de conferentias, cursos e altere activitates international in interlingua. Durante le 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2023, ille esseva mentionate como secretario general, instructor de cursos de conversation e coordinatore de sessiones super Wikipedia in interlingua e ChatGPT.<ref name="Conf2023">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2023/programma/
|title=Programma — 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2026, Mendez presentava in nomine del UMI le nove bandiera official de Interlingua, introducite durante le celebrationes del 75e anniversario del lingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2026-01-16-interlingua-75-annos-bandiera/
|title=Presentation del bandiera official de interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Wikipedia in interlingua ==
Mendez ha anque essite active in le [[Wikipedia in interlingua]]. Le programma del 23e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2019 lo identifica como co-administrator del Wikipedia in interlingua e como coordinatore de talleres dedicate al redaction de articulos in le encyclopedia.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2019/programme/
|title=Programme — 23rd International Interlingua Conference
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su activitate in le projecto ha includite le mantenimento e disveloppamento del infrastructura del wiki e le creation e melioramento de articulos. Le archives de Wikimedia anque documenta activitate de un usator con le nomine ''Julian Mendez'' in relation con le Wikipedia in interlingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Julian_Mendez
|title=User talk:Julian Mendez
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Linguas ==
Secundo le UMI, Mendez parla [[Interlingua]], [[anglese]], [[espaniol]] e [[italiano]], e apprende [[germano]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
{{Referentias}}
== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://julianmendez.github.io/ Pagina web official]
* [https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/ Pagina de Julian Alfredo Mendez al Umeå University]
* [https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/ Le direction del UMI]
* [https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634 Profil de alumni al Technische Universität Dresden]
[[Categoria:Personas nascite in 1973]]
[[Categoria:Argentinos]]
[[Categoria:Informaticos]]
[[Categoria:Interlinguistas]]
[[Categoria:Personas associate con Interlingua]]
[[Categoria:Wikipedia in interlingua]]
nefpmdlaln1lo7ggbb86h959cbs859s
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Interlingvisto ha renominate le pagina [[Julian Mendez]] a [[Julián Méndez]]
699747
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'''Julian Mendez''' (nascite in [[1973]] in [[Argentina]]) es un informatico, disveloppator de software e activista de [[Interlingua]], residente in [[Svedia]]. Ille es secretario general del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua|Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI)]] desde le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="UMI-consilio">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/
|title=Le direction del UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Biographia e formation ==
Mendez es de nascentia argentino e vive in Svedia. Secundo le UMI, ille faceva studios de maestro in [[logica computational]] in le Libere Universitate de Bolzano-Bozen in [[Italia]], pois continuava su formation al [[Universitate Technic de Dresden]] in [[Germania]]. Ille ha studiate e laborate in le campo del representation del cognoscentia e del [[logica de description]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
Le pagina official de Umeå University indica que Mendez es actualmente candidato al doctorato al [[Universitate de Umeå]], ubi ille labora como ''research engineer'' al Department of Computing Science e es membro del gruppo de ''Responsible Artificial Intelligence''.<ref name="UMU">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Umeå University
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Ille ha anque studiate al Universitate Technic de Dresden in le campo de logica computational. Le pagina de alumni del universitate indica su formation in ''Computational Logic'' e su actual affiliation con Umeå University.<ref name="TUD">{{Cite web
|url=https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634
|title=Mendez, Julian — Studies
|publisher=Technische Universität Dresden
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Activitate scientific ==
Le principal dominio de recerca de Mendez es le [[representation del cognoscentia]] e le [[logica de description]]. Secundo su pagina academic, ille labora actualmente super formalismos logic applicate al ethica pro [[intelligentia artificial]]. Ille es membro del programma Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software e dirige le cluster de ''Explainable AI''.<ref name="UMU" />
Inter le temas de su recerca figura le representation formal e visual de conceptos como le [[equitate]] in intelligentia artificial e le verification de systemas multi-agente. Su publicationes include collaborationes con Timotheus Kampik e altere investigadores in iste campos.<ref name="Mendez-research">{{Cite web
|url=https://julianmendez.github.io/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su pagina de recerca lista, inter altere obras, un articulo de 2025 super le specification e operationalisation de un metamodelo de equitate e un contribution super le verification de systemas multi-agente per assistentes de provas.<ref name="Mendez-research" />
== Activitate in le movimento interlinguista ==
Mendez ha un rol importante in le [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]], le principal organisation international dedicate al promotion de [[Interlingua]]. Ille esseva nominate secretario general del UMI le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="Panorama2014">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/panorama/indices/anno_2014/
|title=Panorama in interlingua — indice 2014
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2022, post le reorganisamento del UMI e le creation de un nove Consilio de Administration, Mendez esseva eligite membro del consilio pro un periodo de tres annos e continuava como secretario general.<ref name="UMI2022">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2022-11-17-consilio/
|title=Consilieros continua in le nove UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref> Le pagina actual del UMI continua a listar Mendez como secretario general.<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
In iste function, ille ha participate in le organisation de conferentias, cursos e altere activitates international in interlingua. Durante le 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2023, ille esseva mentionate como secretario general, instructor de cursos de conversation e coordinatore de sessiones super Wikipedia in interlingua e ChatGPT.<ref name="Conf2023">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2023/programma/
|title=Programma — 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2026, Mendez presentava in nomine del UMI le nove bandiera official de Interlingua, introducite durante le celebrationes del 75e anniversario del lingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2026-01-16-interlingua-75-annos-bandiera/
|title=Presentation del bandiera official de interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Wikipedia in interlingua ==
Mendez ha anque essite active in le [[Wikipedia in interlingua]]. Le programma del 23e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2019 lo identifica como co-administrator del Wikipedia in interlingua e como coordinatore de talleres dedicate al redaction de articulos in le encyclopedia.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2019/programme/
|title=Programme — 23rd International Interlingua Conference
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su activitate in le projecto ha includite le mantenimento e disveloppamento del infrastructura del wiki e le creation e melioramento de articulos. Le archives de Wikimedia anque documenta activitate de un usator con le nomine ''Julian Mendez'' in relation con le Wikipedia in interlingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Julian_Mendez
|title=User talk:Julian Mendez
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Linguas ==
Secundo le UMI, Mendez parla [[Interlingua]], [[anglese]], [[espaniol]] e [[italiano]], e apprende [[germano]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
{{Referentias}}
== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://julianmendez.github.io/ Pagina web official]
* [https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/ Pagina de Julian Alfredo Mendez al Umeå University]
* [https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/ Le direction del UMI]
* [https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634 Profil de alumni al Technische Universität Dresden]
[[Categoria:Personas nascite in 1973]]
[[Categoria:Argentinos]]
[[Categoria:Informaticos]]
[[Categoria:Interlinguistas]]
[[Categoria:Personas associate con Interlingua]]
[[Categoria:Wikipedia in interlingua]]
nefpmdlaln1lo7ggbb86h959cbs859s
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Julian Mendez''' (nascite in [[1973]] in [[Argentina]]) es un informatico, disveloppator de software e activista de [[Interlingua]], residente in [[Svedia]]. Ille es secretario general del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua|Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI)]] desde le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="UMI-consilio">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/
|title=Le direction del UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Biographia e formation ==
Mendez es de nascentia argentino e vive in Svedia. Secundo le UMI, ille faceva studios de maestro in [[logica computational]] in le Libere Universitate de Bolzano-Bozen in [[Italia]], pois continuava su formation al [[Universitate Technic de Dresden]] in [[Germania]]. Ille ha studiate e laborate in le campo del representation del cognoscentia e del [[logica de description]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
Le pagina official de Umeå University indica que Mendez es actualmente candidato al doctorato al [[Universitate de Umeå]], ubi ille labora como ''research engineer'' al Department of Computing Science e es membro del gruppo de ''Responsible Artificial Intelligence''.<ref name="UMU">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Umeå University
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Ille ha anque studiate al Universitate Technic de Dresden in le campo de logica computational. Le pagina de alumni del universitate indica su formation in ''Computational Logic'' e su actual affiliation con Umeå University.<ref name="TUD">{{Cite web
|url=https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634
|title=Mendez, Julian — Studies
|publisher=Technische Universität Dresden
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Activitate scientific ==
Le principal dominio de recerca de Mendez es le [[representation del cognoscentia]] e le [[logica de description]]. Secundo su pagina academic, ille labora actualmente super formalismos logic applicate al ethica pro [[intelligentia artificial]]. Ille es membro del programma Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software e dirige le cluster de ''Explainable AI''.<ref name="UMU" />
Inter le temas de su recerca figura le representation formal e visual de conceptos como le [[equitate]] in intelligentia artificial e le verification de systemas multi-agente. Su publicationes include collaborationes con Timotheus Kampik e altere investigadores in iste campos.<ref name="Mendez-research">{{Cite web
|url=https://julianmendez.github.io/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su pagina de recerca lista, inter altere obras, un articulo de 2025 super le specification e operationalisation de un metamodelo de equitate e un contribution super le verification de systemas multi-agente per assistentes de provas.<ref name="Mendez-research" />
== Activitate in le movimento interlinguista ==
Mendez ha un rol importante in le [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]], le principal organisation international dedicate al promotion de [[Interlingua]]. Ille esseva nominate secretario general del UMI le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="Panorama2014">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/panorama/indices/anno_2014/
|title=Panorama in interlingua — indice 2014
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2022, post le reorganisamento del UMI e le creation de un nove Consilio de Administration, Mendez esseva eligite membro del consilio pro un periodo de tres annos e continuava como secretario general.<ref name="UMI2022">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2022-11-17-consilio/
|title=Consilieros continua in le nove UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref> Le pagina actual del UMI continua a listar Mendez como secretario general.<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
In iste function, ille ha participate in le organisation de conferentias, cursos e altere activitates international in interlingua. Durante le 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2023, ille esseva mentionate como secretario general, instructor de cursos de conversation e coordinatore de sessiones super Wikipedia in interlingua e ChatGPT.<ref name="Conf2023">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2023/programma/
|title=Programma — 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2026, Mendez presentava in nomine del UMI le nove bandiera official de Interlingua, introducite durante le celebrationes del 75e anniversario del lingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2026-01-16-interlingua-75-annos-bandiera/
|title=Presentation del bandiera official de interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Wikipedia in interlingua ==
Mendez ha anque essite active in le [[Wikipedia in interlingua]]. Le programma del 23e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2019 lo identifica como co-administrator del Wikipedia in interlingua e como coordinatore de talleres dedicate al redaction de articulos in le encyclopedia.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2019/programme/
|title=Programme — 23rd International Interlingua Conference
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su activitate in le projecto ha includite le mantenimento e disveloppamento del infrastructura del wiki e le creation e melioramento de articulos. Le archives de Wikimedia anque documenta activitate de un usator con le nomine ''Julian Mendez'' in relation con le Wikipedia in interlingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Julian_Mendez
|title=User talk:Julian Mendez
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Linguas ==
Secundo le UMI, Mendez parla [[Interlingua]], [[anglese]], [[espaniol]] e [[italiano]], e apprende [[germano]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
{{Referentias}}
== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://julianmendez.github.io/ Pagina web official]
* [https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/ Pagina de Julian Alfredo Mendez al Umeå University]
* [https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/ Le direction del UMI]
* [https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634 Profil de alumni al Technische Universität Dresden]
{{Union Mundial pro Interlingua}}
[[Categoria:Personas nascite in 1973]]
[[Categoria:Argentinos]]
[[Categoria:Informaticos]]
[[Categoria:Interlinguistas]]
[[Categoria:Personas associate con Interlingua]]
[[Categoria:Wikipedia in interlingua]]
avz5v8zqseg1t9b5vitdwr99kuadppf
699752
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Interlingvisto
60932
699752
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Julian Mendez''' (nascite in [[1973]] in [[Argentina]]) es un informatico, disveloppator de software e activista de [[Interlingua]], residente in [[Svedia]]. Ille es secretario general del [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua|Union Mundial pro Interlingua (UMI)]] desde le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="UMI-consilio">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/
|title=Le direction del UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Biographia e formation ==
Mendez es de nascentia argentino e vive in Svedia. Secundo le UMI, ille faceva studios de maestro in [[logica computational]] in le Libere Universitate de Bolzano-Bozen in [[Italia]], pois continuava su formation al [[Universitate Technic de Dresden]] in [[Germania]]. Ille ha studiate e laborate in le campo del representation del cognoscentia e del [[logica de description]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
Le pagina official de Umeå University indica que Mendez es actualmente candidato al doctorato al [[Universitate de Umeå]], ubi ille labora como ''research engineer'' al Department of Computing Science e es membro del gruppo de ''Responsible Artificial Intelligence''.<ref name="UMU">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Umeå University
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Ille ha anque studiate al Universitate Technic de Dresden in le campo de logica computational. Le pagina de alumni del universitate indica su formation in ''Computational Logic'' e su actual affiliation con Umeå University.<ref name="TUD">{{Cite web
|url=https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634
|title=Mendez, Julian — Studies
|publisher=Technische Universität Dresden
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Activitate scientific ==
Le principal dominio de recerca de Mendez es le [[representation del cognoscentia]] e le [[logica de description]]. Secundo su pagina academic, ille labora actualmente super formalismos logic applicate al ethica pro [[intelligentia artificial]]. Ille es membro del programma Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software e dirige le cluster de ''Explainable AI''.<ref name="UMU" />
Inter le temas de su recerca figura le representation formal e visual de conceptos como le [[equitate]] in intelligentia artificial e le verification de systemas multi-agente. Su publicationes include collaborationes con Timotheus Kampik e altere investigadores in iste campos.<ref name="Mendez-research">{{Cite web
|url=https://julianmendez.github.io/
|title=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|publisher=Julian Alfredo Mendez
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su pagina de recerca lista, inter altere obras, un articulo de 2025 super le specification e operationalisation de un metamodelo de equitate e un contribution super le verification de systemas multi-agente per assistentes de provas.<ref name="Mendez-research" />
== Activitate in le movimento interlinguista ==
Mendez ha un rol importante in le [[Union Mundial pro Interlingua]], le principal organisation international dedicate al promotion de [[Interlingua]]. Ille esseva nominate secretario general del UMI le 1 de octobre 2014.<ref name="Panorama2014">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/panorama/indices/anno_2014/
|title=Panorama in interlingua — indice 2014
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2022, post le reorganisamento del UMI e le creation de un nove Consilio de Administration, Mendez esseva eligite membro del consilio pro un periodo de tres annos e continuava como secretario general.<ref name="UMI2022">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2022-11-17-consilio/
|title=Consilieros continua in le nove UMI
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref> Le pagina actual del UMI continua a listar Mendez como secretario general.<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
In iste function, ille ha participate in le organisation de conferentias, cursos e altere activitates international in interlingua. Durante le 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2023, ille esseva mentionate como secretario general, instructor de cursos de conversation e coordinatore de sessiones super Wikipedia in interlingua e ChatGPT.<ref name="Conf2023">{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2023/programma/
|title=Programma — 25e Conferentia International de Interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
In 2026, Mendez presentava in nomine del UMI le nove bandiera official de Interlingua, introducite durante le celebrationes del 75e anniversario del lingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/novas/2026-01-16-interlingua-75-annos-bandiera/
|title=Presentation del bandiera official de interlingua
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Wikipedia in interlingua ==
Mendez ha anque essite active in le [[Wikipedia in interlingua]]. Le programma del 23e Conferentia International de Interlingua in 2019 lo identifica como co-administrator del Wikipedia in interlingua e como coordinatore de talleres dedicate al redaction de articulos in le encyclopedia.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.interlingua.com/conferentia/2019/programme/
|title=Programme — 23rd International Interlingua Conference
|publisher=Union Mundial pro Interlingua
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
Su activitate in le projecto ha includite le mantenimento e disveloppamento del infrastructura del wiki e le creation e melioramento de articulos. Le archives de Wikimedia anque documenta activitate de un usator con le nomine ''Julian Mendez'' in relation con le Wikipedia in interlingua.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Julian_Mendez
|title=User talk:Julian Mendez
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation
|access-date=2026-09-09
}}</ref>
== Linguas ==
Secundo le UMI, Mendez parla [[Interlingua]], [[anglese]], [[espaniol]] e [[italiano]], e apprende [[germano]].<ref name="UMI-consilio" />
{{Referentias}}
== Ligamines externe ==
* [https://julianmendez.github.io/ Pagina web official]
* [https://www.umu.se/en/staff/julian-mendez/ Pagina de Julian Alfredo Mendez al Umeå University]
* [https://www.interlingua.com/consilios/ Le direction del UMI]
* [https://tu-dresden.de/studium/nach-dem-studium/alumnibotschafter/weltkarte/mendez-julian-251c9df5-384e-45f7-9d26-5353266a0634 Profil de alumni al Technische Universität Dresden]
{{Union Mundial pro Interlingua}}
[[Categoria:Gente argentin]]
[[Categoria:Informaticos]]
[[Categoria:Parlatores de interlingua]]
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